# Methods to Improve the Efficiency of Rural Physical Education Teaching Resources Allocation and Utilization in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

Authors: Fujian Zhou
Journal: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
 (2022)

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## Abstract

School physical education is an important part of school education, and physical education resources are the overall measure of a school's physical education level. Rural schools are limited by environmental constraints, especially the lack of physical education resources verification. Therefore, the allocation and utilization efficiency improvement of rural physical education resources are an important element of rural physical education construction. With the mature development of artificial intelligence technology, it has great potential for application in the field of cultural education. Artificial intelligence technology has the advantages of ease of use, strong self-adaptation, and excellent generalization ability, and it is selected for data processing in this paper. Using artificial intelligence technology, the study of sports informatization to help rural sports development and rational utilization of resources can help rural sports education development, rural sports industry prosperity, rural sports talent revitalization, rural sports governance system improvement, and governance capacity enhancement. The artificial intelligence raindrop algorithm, which can automate the statistics of all relevant factors and derive results based on data fusion, was selected as the core algorithm of this paper. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent algorithm for allocating and improving the efficiency of rural sports teaching resources so as to improve the informatization level of the rural sports industry, promote industrial integration based on local needs, accelerate the “online urban-rural integration” in rural sports education, rural fitness guidance, and rural recreation and medical care, and rely on multiple entities. We will support the new model of sports informatization to empower rural sports teaching development by relying on the collaboration of multiple entities.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Physical education is an important material foundation for students' current growth as well as their future work and life, and without a healthy body, it is impossible to have a bright future. Basic education is the stage that lays the foundation for lifelong physical education, and the development of habits, abilities, and awareness of physical education has to start from the basic education stage [1–3]. And lifelong physical education is not only a consciousness and habit to lead a healthy and civilized life but also lifelong physical education should take physical exercise as a means and physical health as a material basis. Therefore, in the basic education stage, it is very important to pay attention to students' health and strengthen the learning of basic culture, basic technology, and basic skills of physical education for students' lifelong physical education. In recent years, school physical education, which is one of the main ways to implement quality education, has gained rapid development. However, due to regional differences, there is again a great imbalance in this development [2].Many rural teachers, especially physical education teachers, lack communication and learning from the outside world, and there are few regular teaching and research activities between peers in the region, and they know little about the latest educational developments and advanced teaching methods, and their teaching mode is still stuck at the level of 20 or 30 years ago. Rural sports consist of 3 parts: school sports, mass sports, and competitive sports, with the purpose of improving farmers' health and enriching their social and cultural life. Influenced by factors such as regional culture, economic development, and lifestyle, rural sports in different places show different development characteristics, which can be summarized into the following 5 aspects. The time for farmers to carry out sports activities is seasonal, and the sports load is light. Rural sports activities are mainly concentrated in the agricultural leisure time and important traditional festivals. During the busy season, farmers work long hours and continuously and have little leisure time and extra energy for sports activities [4, 5]. Since agricultural production is mainly physical labor, daily physical activities are usually based on sports with low exercise load, such as walking and jogging. The space for rural sports activities is random, and the site conditions are simple. Farmers can choose their own courtyard, nearby open space, or street side, basketball court, soccer field, indoor sports room is scarce, and sports consumption expenditure is low. Sports are highly recreational in nature [6–8]. In China's vast rural land, due to the different climates and colorful folk cultures, sports activities are diverse, with distinctive cultural characteristics, fun, and entertaining, such as horse racing in the northern grasslands and dragon boats in the southern water villages. Fourth, it is in a more primary and spontaneous state. The level of sports development is uneven. Differences in the level of economic development and infrastructure construction have led to uneven levels of sports development in rural areas, and it is clear that sports development in rural areas in eastern China is much higher than that in western areas. With 39.4% of the country's rural population and a population of over 500 million, China attaches importance to the development and governance of rural sports and improves the health quality of farmers, which has an irreplaceable strategic significance to help revitalize the countryside [10, 11].With the gradual emergence of application potential, the state, society, and the general public have recognized the powerful energy of AI technology, and the state and enterprises at all levels have increased their R&D efforts on AI technology, which is moving to a new stage of development. At present, the auxiliary role of artificial intelligence technology in the design of physical education system is very obvious, specifically from the following aspects to achieve innovative optimization of rural physical education resources allocation and utilization: make full use of the information data processing ability of artificial intelligence technology to enhance the intelligence level of rural physical education system [10–12]. Artificial intelligence technology, in short, is a powerful ability to collect, organize, calculate, analyze, and process various information data, which can realize efficient and accurate processing of massive data. The physical education system of colleges and universities can use it as the basis for optimizing physical education programs, meticulously analyzing physical education performance, reconstructing physical education evaluation mechanism, and reasonably. Optimization is also reflected in the port design of the system, giving students and teachers a better access experience and more practical learning or teaching assistance and using the intelligent expansion characteristics of artificial intelligence technology to enrich the system functions. The previous rural physical education program design is relatively simple, not very interactive, and can only actively select access items; the degree of intelligence is seriously lagging behind; and artificial intelligence technology can track the user's search records according to their search data to analyze their access preferences and actively provide students with the access functions they may need, such as recommending high-quality physical education courses, displaying physical education course teaching programs, and pushing physical education teaching dynamics so that students have more choices for physical education learning [12–15]. The main contributions of this paper are summarized as follows: (1). take advantage of the deep thinking of artificial intelligence technology to innovate and reform the physical education teaching model. Based on the powerful processing ability of AI for relevant data, areas where manual research and analysis are difficult can be replaced by AI. For example, the evaluation of the effectiveness of rural physical education; (2) the difficulty of collecting data and analyzing data manually, then the full process of AI technology's ability to collect and process without traces can be used to make feedback data for physical education teachers' reference; and (3) make corresponding teaching model adjustments based on the data to improve the scientific nature of the evaluation system.With the progress of the times, the construction of a harmonious society and the development of education have gradually become inevitable requirements for the development of our country. As an important engine to promote the quality of education and regional economic development, the balanced and rational allocation of educational resources is attracting more and more attention from all walks of life. Scientific and reasonable planning for infrastructure and teacher resources in rural physical education teaching resources is an important way to realize the development of educational equity as shown in Figure1. This paper takes the allocation and utilization efficiency of rural physical education resources as the research problem and applies the optimization idea in artificial intelligence algorithm to solve the village physical education teaching resource allocation problem, aiming to provide theoretical support for village physical education decision-making [14]. The main research work is summarized as follows: constructing a multiobjective optimal allocation model of the district and county educational resources and applying intelligent allocation algorithm to provide a decision solution. First, the district and county education resource allocation index system is proposed to construct a multiobjective optimization mathematical model of district and county resource allocation to improve the level of education resource allocation and reduce the district and county resource allocation differences [15, 16]. Then, the model was solved by using the intelligent allocation algorithm to remove the duplicate solution sets according to the objective function in the district and county resource allocation model. Finally, simulation and comparison experiments were conducted on the model to verify that the proposed algorithm effectively solves the rural physical education resource allocation problem and alleviates the lack and shortage of rural physical education resources through subjective presentation as well as objective performance analysis.Figure 1
Diagram of the optimization of rural physical education resource allocation.


## 2. Related Work

### 2.1. Education Resource Allocation

The goal of rural physical education resource allocation is to scientifically and rationally allocate education-related resources such as books, teachers, teaching laboratory equipment, and campus infrastructure to achieve educational equity so as to further improve the quality and level of teaching in schools and enhance the coordinated and unified development of education modules. In the process of rural physical education, there is a problem of unreasonable distribution of educational resources [13]. This project addresses this problem by first exploring the reasonable and effective distribution of educational resources in each district and county of the city and then exploring the reasonable allocation of resources in each university district under the mutual aid model of university district resources within the district and county so that the invested educational resources can be used efficiently. This will enable the efficient allocation of educational resources among districts and counties and among schools in university districts to meet fairness and rationalization as much as possible. The most basic educational resource allocation in the development of rural physical education is to provide standardized schooling conditions [15]. After reviewing a large amount of literature and taking into account practical considerations, the study was carried out in three aspects: teaching equipment and school assets for school students, school building and area indexes, and teachers' staff, respectively, in order to optimize the educational resource allocation strategy among districts and counties. In order to quantify the education resource-related indicators, the study of education resource elements for each district and county will be measured in terms of student averages by analyzing relevant data, so this topic finally adopts the following eight education-related indicators to construct a multiobjective optimization mathematical model of district and county education resources, as shown in Figure 2. Like existing work [16], each indicator in Figure 2 represents an assessment factor for rural physical education.Figure 2
Indicators for optimization of rural physical education resource allocation.


### 2.2. Rural Physical Education Intelligence and Information Technology

Sports informatization is defined as the process of developing and utilizing sports information resources based on information infrastructure; applying modern information technology means and management service platforms [16, 17]; promoting information exchange and resource sharing in the field of sports production and life; continuously improving the efficiency and level of sports industry, operation, management, service and education; and thus accelerating sports for economic development, social progress, and cultural prosperity. At the same time, rural sports development covers industry, facilities, talents, governance, and other aspects, which are potentially related to the development of sports informatization and are important driving forces for promoting rural economic and social development and realizing rural revitalization. The current development of sports informatization in China shows a general trend of refinement of specific contents and expansion of radiation fields, but the research on the integration of sports informatization into rural sports development under the rural revitalization strategy has not yet been covered. Sports informatization is the centralized embodiment of modern information technology [16] popularization and development in the field of sports. Relying on intelligent and advanced network infrastructure, sports informatization provides a broad path for the development of rural sports through technology dissemination and diffusion, industry integration and innovation, and platform integration and sharing and is a way to promote rural sports education development, industry prosperity, and talent revitalization. It is the internal core driving force to promote the development of rural sports education, the prosperity of industry, the revitalization of talents, the improvement of the governance system and the enhancement of governance ability, and the revitalization of rural areas. Sports informatization has a unique function in expanding the coverage of information infrastructure in the field of sports and rural areas with its characteristics of fast dissemination, wide audience, fitness, and entertainment. The expansion of rural information infrastructure in the field of sports and its popularization in rural areas is essentially a process that drives the development of rural sports education and promotes cultural dissemination and exchange. Relying on the rural information infrastructure represented by the Internet, sports informatization gives full play to its great role in promoting the development of rural sports education through three levels: technology, platform, and awareness.The balanced allocation of educational resources is not only a strategic issue concerning the development of China's education but also reflects the fairness and justice of education [17, 18]. The fairness and justice of education are extremely important to the development of each person, which determines the situation of individuals in the future competition and then affects the development of their next generation due to intergenerational transmission. The basic meaning of fair education is that educational resources can be equally distributed to educational institutions and educational groups to achieve a relative balance between educational demand and educational supply [19]. The unbalanced distribution of educational resources can lead to various social problems such as immigration to college entrance exams and irregular operation of social tutoring institutions. Therefore, the balanced distribution of educational resources is a serious challenge to the development of both higher education in China and the whole society. Currently in the process of balanced development of education, artificial intelligence and big data technology can help the decision-making management to achieve the optimal allocation plan both in terms of quantity and quality of educational resources and play an important influential role in the balanced development of education. Traditional education resource allocation has many problems such as slow and unbalanced allocation [20]. The allocation model under big data technology analyzes and mines the collected education resource data to adjust education resource allocation in a targeted manner and promote the balanced development of education resources [21].


## 2.1. Education Resource Allocation

The goal of rural physical education resource allocation is to scientifically and rationally allocate education-related resources such as books, teachers, teaching laboratory equipment, and campus infrastructure to achieve educational equity so as to further improve the quality and level of teaching in schools and enhance the coordinated and unified development of education modules. In the process of rural physical education, there is a problem of unreasonable distribution of educational resources [13]. This project addresses this problem by first exploring the reasonable and effective distribution of educational resources in each district and county of the city and then exploring the reasonable allocation of resources in each university district under the mutual aid model of university district resources within the district and county so that the invested educational resources can be used efficiently. This will enable the efficient allocation of educational resources among districts and counties and among schools in university districts to meet fairness and rationalization as much as possible. The most basic educational resource allocation in the development of rural physical education is to provide standardized schooling conditions [15]. After reviewing a large amount of literature and taking into account practical considerations, the study was carried out in three aspects: teaching equipment and school assets for school students, school building and area indexes, and teachers' staff, respectively, in order to optimize the educational resource allocation strategy among districts and counties. In order to quantify the education resource-related indicators, the study of education resource elements for each district and county will be measured in terms of student averages by analyzing relevant data, so this topic finally adopts the following eight education-related indicators to construct a multiobjective optimization mathematical model of district and county education resources, as shown in Figure 2. Like existing work [16], each indicator in Figure 2 represents an assessment factor for rural physical education.Figure 2
Indicators for optimization of rural physical education resource allocation.


## 2.2. Rural Physical Education Intelligence and Information Technology

Sports informatization is defined as the process of developing and utilizing sports information resources based on information infrastructure; applying modern information technology means and management service platforms [16, 17]; promoting information exchange and resource sharing in the field of sports production and life; continuously improving the efficiency and level of sports industry, operation, management, service and education; and thus accelerating sports for economic development, social progress, and cultural prosperity. At the same time, rural sports development covers industry, facilities, talents, governance, and other aspects, which are potentially related to the development of sports informatization and are important driving forces for promoting rural economic and social development and realizing rural revitalization. The current development of sports informatization in China shows a general trend of refinement of specific contents and expansion of radiation fields, but the research on the integration of sports informatization into rural sports development under the rural revitalization strategy has not yet been covered. Sports informatization is the centralized embodiment of modern information technology [16] popularization and development in the field of sports. Relying on intelligent and advanced network infrastructure, sports informatization provides a broad path for the development of rural sports through technology dissemination and diffusion, industry integration and innovation, and platform integration and sharing and is a way to promote rural sports education development, industry prosperity, and talent revitalization. It is the internal core driving force to promote the development of rural sports education, the prosperity of industry, the revitalization of talents, the improvement of the governance system and the enhancement of governance ability, and the revitalization of rural areas. Sports informatization has a unique function in expanding the coverage of information infrastructure in the field of sports and rural areas with its characteristics of fast dissemination, wide audience, fitness, and entertainment. The expansion of rural information infrastructure in the field of sports and its popularization in rural areas is essentially a process that drives the development of rural sports education and promotes cultural dissemination and exchange. Relying on the rural information infrastructure represented by the Internet, sports informatization gives full play to its great role in promoting the development of rural sports education through three levels: technology, platform, and awareness.The balanced allocation of educational resources is not only a strategic issue concerning the development of China's education but also reflects the fairness and justice of education [17, 18]. The fairness and justice of education are extremely important to the development of each person, which determines the situation of individuals in the future competition and then affects the development of their next generation due to intergenerational transmission. The basic meaning of fair education is that educational resources can be equally distributed to educational institutions and educational groups to achieve a relative balance between educational demand and educational supply [19]. The unbalanced distribution of educational resources can lead to various social problems such as immigration to college entrance exams and irregular operation of social tutoring institutions. Therefore, the balanced distribution of educational resources is a serious challenge to the development of both higher education in China and the whole society. Currently in the process of balanced development of education, artificial intelligence and big data technology can help the decision-making management to achieve the optimal allocation plan both in terms of quantity and quality of educational resources and play an important influential role in the balanced development of education. Traditional education resource allocation has many problems such as slow and unbalanced allocation [20]. The allocation model under big data technology analyzes and mines the collected education resource data to adjust education resource allocation in a targeted manner and promote the balanced development of education resources [21].


## 3. Method

This section takes rural physical education allocation as the research background and explores the effective allocation of limited educational resources among villages, such as rural physical education floor space, rural physical education infrastructure, and rural physical education teacher allocation, by using artificial intelligence algorithms so that the invested educational resources can be used reasonably and efficiently, thus accomplishing the goal of rationalizing the allocation and improving the utilization efficiency of educational resources among villages.


### 3.1. Construction of Rural Physical Education Index System

The key to rural physical education resource allocation is to achieve the goal of improving the allocation level of educational resources, reducing the difference in resource allocation between villages, and increasing the utilization rate of educational resources by giving full play to the maximum impact of material, financial, and human resources at the rural physical education teaching level. Educational decision makers in rural physical education resource allocation use the municipal education bureau as the resource allocation center as a way to allocate resources to rural physical education so that educational administrators in each village can maximize their educational value output with limited resources related to rural physical education.The initial indicators for constructing the index system in this study are derived from the China Education Statistical Yearbook and the statistical indicators related to basic education. According to the principles of practicality and feasibility of the selection of indicators, the selected indicators are simple and scientific, and the indicators are transformed into comparable relative values for interpretation, the specific meanings of which are shown in Table1:Table 1
Evaluation index of rural physical education resource allocation.
IndicatorsIndicator meaningSymbolsNumber of full-time physical education teachers per studentNumber of full-time teachers (T)/total number of students (S)V1Number of physical education teachers with higher than required qualifications per studentNumber of teachers with higher than required qualifications (H)/total number of students (S)V2Number of teachers with intermediate or higher professional and technical positions per studentNumber of teachers with middle-level or higher professional and technical positions (M)/total number of students (S)V3Average number of computers per studentTotal number of computers (C)/total number of students (S)V4Value of physical education equipment assets per studentAsset value of teaching instruments and equipment (E)/total number of students (S)V5Average number of books per studentTotal number of books (B)/total number of students (S)V6Average area of physical education teaching and supporting rooms per studentArea of teaching and auxiliary rooms (A)/total number of students (S)V7Average area of sports venues per studentArea of sports venues (G)/total number of students (S)V8Analyzed from the perspective of educational equity, the optimization of rural physical education resource allocation is the balanced development of limited physical education resources in the region in order to reduce the differences in rural physical education resource allocation across villages. In order to better realize the balanced development of physical education in the rural physical education stage, the functional management departments related to physical education should comprehensively analyze the data and fully utilize the data monitoring results. The governments and educational administrations of the districts and counties under the jurisdiction of the cities in which they are located use the monitored data results as important data considerations for resource allocation, funding replenishment, and the establishment of related programs to achieve the goal of informatization and scientific decision-making in education. In statistics and probability, variability can be measured by the normalized measure of the probability and dispersion of data distribution through the coefficient of variation, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.


### 3.2. Smart Rural Physical Education Resource Allocation Algorithm

This paper proposes the use of an artificial raindrop algorithm to solve the problem of allocating resources for rural physical education [22]. The artificial raindrop algorithm is designed based on the observation of natural phenomena in nature, inspired by the phenomenon of rainfall in nature [22]. There are many water vapors in the clouds in nature; firstly, these water vapors converge to form raindrops; secondly, raindrops descend and collide into small raindrops after reaching the ground to realize the search for a local domain; then, due to the unevenness of the ground surface, raindrops will flow to the surrounding lower terrain; finally, the raindrops that converge to the lowest place are all feasible solutions generated by the algorithm. Corresponding to the rural physical education resource allocation optimization problem, multiple sets of feasible rural physical education resource allocation solutions are formed. The schematic diagram of the algorithm is given in Figure 3.Figure 3
Artificial raindrop algorithm schematic.For the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model designed in this study, the optimization to ensure the balance and efficiency of each educational resource belongs to a large-scale complex problem. This study proposes three objectives of efficiency, equity, and attainment for rural physical education resource allocation in a city, which is a combinatorial optimization problem. The artificial raindrop algorithm can be used to solve the combinatorial optimization problem, and the algorithm avoids the characteristics of premature convergence and falling into local optimum, so the artificial raindrop algorithm is chosen to solve the rural physical education resource allocation optimization problem. According to the principle of the algorithm, it is known that to design the artificial raindrop algorithm, the following parts of the algorithm need to be designed: population initialization, fitness function, six key operators, and termination criterion. Thus, these key parts of the algorithm are designed next.Coding design: according to the problems of resource allocation in the rural physical education stage of a city, a resource allocation optimization model is established. It is assumed that there aren districts and counties, and each district and county have r resources to be allocated, and should satisfy that for ri resources P, the total sum of resources allocated to all districts and counties should be Total_P. In this paper, the encoding is in the form of a matrix, and each row in the matrix represents a water vapor, expressed as follows:(1)T=a11a12…a1r.The individual elementaij in the matrix is a real number within the constraint and represents the jth resource assigned to the ith village. In the matrix, the first column is the number of full-time teachers (NT), the second column is the number of full-time teachers with higher than specified qualifications (NM), the third column is the number of professional and technical vocational teachers at intermediate level and above (NS), the fourth column is the number of computer stations (NF), the fifth column is the total assets of teaching instruments and equipment (NE), the sixth column is the total number of books (NB), the seventh column is the total area of school buildings (NX), and the eighth column is the area of sports field (NY). The analysis of the data shows that the number of individual resources in each village is different, so the number of resources allocated to each village should be different in order to achieve a balanced allocation, and therefore, the same numbers will not appear in the matrix. This coding takes into account the number of each resource allocated to each district and county. The experimental results will yield the allocation of resources for each village in the city, so this coding is reasonable and practical.Population initialization: the solution to the rural physical education resource allocation optimization problem should first design the initial population of the algorithm. There are generally two ways: (1) using random functions to generate initial solutions randomly and (2) transforming them into constraints based on existing experience and generating some solutions randomly under the constraints. In this paper, a combination of the two approaches is used: existing experience and constraints are transformed into boundary conditions for population initialization, and then the population is initialized randomly within the boundary. According to the above approach, in the course of the experiment, the boundary condition matrices are first determined, and then, using a random function, data are randomly generated, and these data are combined with the boundary conditions to produce the same number of coding matrices as the population size in this study. Then, these matrices were initialized to the water vapor population. In this way, an initial population matrix ofr resources for n villages was generated for the village physical education resource allocation optimization model. There are n villages with r resources, and the index of each village corresponds to a particle, then the algorithm randomly generates N initial solutions to form the initial water vapor population, which corresponds to N sets of allocation strategies and constitutes the set of candidate solutions.Adaptation function: basically, no external information is used in the search process of the artificial raindrop algorithm, but the size of the adaptation function is used to determine whether the current solution is a feasible solution. For the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model, the search optimal solution mechanism of the artificial raindrop algorithm is to find the particle with the lowest current elevation, i.e., the particle with the smallest fitness function value is the high-quality solution for this model. For the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model proposed in this study, because the search process of the algorithm is to find the particle with the smallest current fitness function value, and the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model is also to find the smallest value as the optimal solution, therefore, the objective function of the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model proposed in this study is designed as the fitness function as follows:(2)fit=minω1∑i=1m∑j=1n∑k=18fairijk−ω2∑i=1m∑j=1n∑k=18φkeffijk+ω3∑i=1m∑j=1n∑k=18normijk,where/ fit represents the fitness function value of the particle, fairijk represents the objective function of improving resource efficiency, effijk represents the objective function of reducing the discrepancy situation between districts and counties, normijk represents the objective function of indicators reaching the specified standard, ω1, ω2, and ω3 represent the proportion corresponding to the three objective functions, and φk,k=1,2,…,8 generations represent the proportion occupied by the eight education indicators in the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model.Key operator design: generally speaking, the rainfall process can be divided into six stages; therefore, the optimization process of the artificial rainfall algorithm is also designed as six stages to simulate the rainfall process. Different stages correspond to different operators, and these operators simulate the rainfall process of nature in a simple and straightforward way with the program. The MAX_FES parameter has a strong nonlinear fitting ability and can map any complex nonlinear relationship, so it is chosen as the base model in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experimental results, using the performance after pretraining and experiments.Termination conditions: in the optimization process of the rural physical education resource allocation model for finding the best solution, the algorithm will not keep iterating endlessly but needs to find a satisfactory solution in an acceptable condition. Moreover, the termination condition should have the characteristics of being simple and easy to operate. In this study, MAX_FES is set to be the condition for the loop to stop.


## 3.1. Construction of Rural Physical Education Index System

The key to rural physical education resource allocation is to achieve the goal of improving the allocation level of educational resources, reducing the difference in resource allocation between villages, and increasing the utilization rate of educational resources by giving full play to the maximum impact of material, financial, and human resources at the rural physical education teaching level. Educational decision makers in rural physical education resource allocation use the municipal education bureau as the resource allocation center as a way to allocate resources to rural physical education so that educational administrators in each village can maximize their educational value output with limited resources related to rural physical education.The initial indicators for constructing the index system in this study are derived from the China Education Statistical Yearbook and the statistical indicators related to basic education. According to the principles of practicality and feasibility of the selection of indicators, the selected indicators are simple and scientific, and the indicators are transformed into comparable relative values for interpretation, the specific meanings of which are shown in Table1:Table 1
Evaluation index of rural physical education resource allocation.
IndicatorsIndicator meaningSymbolsNumber of full-time physical education teachers per studentNumber of full-time teachers (T)/total number of students (S)V1Number of physical education teachers with higher than required qualifications per studentNumber of teachers with higher than required qualifications (H)/total number of students (S)V2Number of teachers with intermediate or higher professional and technical positions per studentNumber of teachers with middle-level or higher professional and technical positions (M)/total number of students (S)V3Average number of computers per studentTotal number of computers (C)/total number of students (S)V4Value of physical education equipment assets per studentAsset value of teaching instruments and equipment (E)/total number of students (S)V5Average number of books per studentTotal number of books (B)/total number of students (S)V6Average area of physical education teaching and supporting rooms per studentArea of teaching and auxiliary rooms (A)/total number of students (S)V7Average area of sports venues per studentArea of sports venues (G)/total number of students (S)V8Analyzed from the perspective of educational equity, the optimization of rural physical education resource allocation is the balanced development of limited physical education resources in the region in order to reduce the differences in rural physical education resource allocation across villages. In order to better realize the balanced development of physical education in the rural physical education stage, the functional management departments related to physical education should comprehensively analyze the data and fully utilize the data monitoring results. The governments and educational administrations of the districts and counties under the jurisdiction of the cities in which they are located use the monitored data results as important data considerations for resource allocation, funding replenishment, and the establishment of related programs to achieve the goal of informatization and scientific decision-making in education. In statistics and probability, variability can be measured by the normalized measure of the probability and dispersion of data distribution through the coefficient of variation, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.


## 3.2. Smart Rural Physical Education Resource Allocation Algorithm

This paper proposes the use of an artificial raindrop algorithm to solve the problem of allocating resources for rural physical education [22]. The artificial raindrop algorithm is designed based on the observation of natural phenomena in nature, inspired by the phenomenon of rainfall in nature [22]. There are many water vapors in the clouds in nature; firstly, these water vapors converge to form raindrops; secondly, raindrops descend and collide into small raindrops after reaching the ground to realize the search for a local domain; then, due to the unevenness of the ground surface, raindrops will flow to the surrounding lower terrain; finally, the raindrops that converge to the lowest place are all feasible solutions generated by the algorithm. Corresponding to the rural physical education resource allocation optimization problem, multiple sets of feasible rural physical education resource allocation solutions are formed. The schematic diagram of the algorithm is given in Figure 3.Figure 3
Artificial raindrop algorithm schematic.For the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model designed in this study, the optimization to ensure the balance and efficiency of each educational resource belongs to a large-scale complex problem. This study proposes three objectives of efficiency, equity, and attainment for rural physical education resource allocation in a city, which is a combinatorial optimization problem. The artificial raindrop algorithm can be used to solve the combinatorial optimization problem, and the algorithm avoids the characteristics of premature convergence and falling into local optimum, so the artificial raindrop algorithm is chosen to solve the rural physical education resource allocation optimization problem. According to the principle of the algorithm, it is known that to design the artificial raindrop algorithm, the following parts of the algorithm need to be designed: population initialization, fitness function, six key operators, and termination criterion. Thus, these key parts of the algorithm are designed next.Coding design: according to the problems of resource allocation in the rural physical education stage of a city, a resource allocation optimization model is established. It is assumed that there aren districts and counties, and each district and county have r resources to be allocated, and should satisfy that for ri resources P, the total sum of resources allocated to all districts and counties should be Total_P. In this paper, the encoding is in the form of a matrix, and each row in the matrix represents a water vapor, expressed as follows:(1)T=a11a12…a1r.The individual elementaij in the matrix is a real number within the constraint and represents the jth resource assigned to the ith village. In the matrix, the first column is the number of full-time teachers (NT), the second column is the number of full-time teachers with higher than specified qualifications (NM), the third column is the number of professional and technical vocational teachers at intermediate level and above (NS), the fourth column is the number of computer stations (NF), the fifth column is the total assets of teaching instruments and equipment (NE), the sixth column is the total number of books (NB), the seventh column is the total area of school buildings (NX), and the eighth column is the area of sports field (NY). The analysis of the data shows that the number of individual resources in each village is different, so the number of resources allocated to each village should be different in order to achieve a balanced allocation, and therefore, the same numbers will not appear in the matrix. This coding takes into account the number of each resource allocated to each district and county. The experimental results will yield the allocation of resources for each village in the city, so this coding is reasonable and practical.Population initialization: the solution to the rural physical education resource allocation optimization problem should first design the initial population of the algorithm. There are generally two ways: (1) using random functions to generate initial solutions randomly and (2) transforming them into constraints based on existing experience and generating some solutions randomly under the constraints. In this paper, a combination of the two approaches is used: existing experience and constraints are transformed into boundary conditions for population initialization, and then the population is initialized randomly within the boundary. According to the above approach, in the course of the experiment, the boundary condition matrices are first determined, and then, using a random function, data are randomly generated, and these data are combined with the boundary conditions to produce the same number of coding matrices as the population size in this study. Then, these matrices were initialized to the water vapor population. In this way, an initial population matrix ofr resources for n villages was generated for the village physical education resource allocation optimization model. There are n villages with r resources, and the index of each village corresponds to a particle, then the algorithm randomly generates N initial solutions to form the initial water vapor population, which corresponds to N sets of allocation strategies and constitutes the set of candidate solutions.Adaptation function: basically, no external information is used in the search process of the artificial raindrop algorithm, but the size of the adaptation function is used to determine whether the current solution is a feasible solution. For the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model, the search optimal solution mechanism of the artificial raindrop algorithm is to find the particle with the lowest current elevation, i.e., the particle with the smallest fitness function value is the high-quality solution for this model. For the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model proposed in this study, because the search process of the algorithm is to find the particle with the smallest current fitness function value, and the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model is also to find the smallest value as the optimal solution, therefore, the objective function of the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model proposed in this study is designed as the fitness function as follows:(2)fit=minω1∑i=1m∑j=1n∑k=18fairijk−ω2∑i=1m∑j=1n∑k=18φkeffijk+ω3∑i=1m∑j=1n∑k=18normijk,where/ fit represents the fitness function value of the particle, fairijk represents the objective function of improving resource efficiency, effijk represents the objective function of reducing the discrepancy situation between districts and counties, normijk represents the objective function of indicators reaching the specified standard, ω1, ω2, and ω3 represent the proportion corresponding to the three objective functions, and φk,k=1,2,…,8 generations represent the proportion occupied by the eight education indicators in the rural physical education resource allocation optimization model.Key operator design: generally speaking, the rainfall process can be divided into six stages; therefore, the optimization process of the artificial rainfall algorithm is also designed as six stages to simulate the rainfall process. Different stages correspond to different operators, and these operators simulate the rainfall process of nature in a simple and straightforward way with the program. The MAX_FES parameter has a strong nonlinear fitting ability and can map any complex nonlinear relationship, so it is chosen as the base model in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experimental results, using the performance after pretraining and experiments.Termination conditions: in the optimization process of the rural physical education resource allocation model for finding the best solution, the algorithm will not keep iterating endlessly but needs to find a satisfactory solution in an acceptable condition. Moreover, the termination condition should have the characteristics of being simple and easy to operate. In this study, MAX_FES is set to be the condition for the loop to stop.


## 4. Experiment and Results

### 4.1. Experimental Setup

In this paper, we will analyze and validate this resource allocation optimization model by using an example of rural physical education resource allocation optimization in a city in China. This experiment takes a city as the research object, optimizes the rural physical education resource allocation for each district and county of the city, and solves for the optimal allocation that satisfies the highest efficiency and the smallest variance situation for each indicator of the corresponding resource in each village under the condition of meeting the standard so as to verify the validity of the model.This experiment was done on the Windows 10 platform. The relevant configurations of the experimental platform are as follows: (1) Processor: Intel(R) Corei7, (2) memory RAM: 16.0 GB, and (3) system type: 64-bit operating system. This paper proposes a method that carries out 20 epochs (rounds) on the training data set. The following training methods are used: the initial vector of the model is set to 0.0001; the Adam optimizer is used; the bulk size is set to 8 (the bulk size is the size of a selected training sample and the limits of the device GPU to choose the best optimization and speed according to the model. This study analyzes the data related to the resource allocation of a city's rural physical education stage, and the experimental data come from a city's education statistics basic database reporting platform; a city's education statistics basic database reporting platform is a platform for statistical reporting of student data, teacher data, school data, and district and county data of primary and secondary schools in the rural physical education stage of this city. In order to realistically solve the problem of optimizing the allocation of educational resources in a city, the rural physical education resource data of the city's districts and counties, as well as the rural physical education resource data within the corresponding villages of each district and county, were selected as experimental data. Since the situation varies among the districts and counties of the city, the optimal solution is different for each district and county after the experiment. Through the experiment, the optimized physical education teacher-student ratio V1, the average number of physical education teachers with higher than the required education V2, the average number of teachers with intermediate and above professional and technical positions V3, the average number of computers V4, the average number of physical education equipment assets V5, the average number of books V6, the average building area V7, and the average physical education field area V8 will be obtained for each village. Using the eight indicators of each district and county as a reference, the resource allocation of each rural school in the district and county can be solved. In the process of rural physical education resource allocation, the eight indicators V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V8 have different impacts on education in rural physical education. Therefore, in order to make the allocation of rural physical education resources more reasonable, the entropy weight method is used to solve for each index for the resource allocation optimization model with weights. In the following, the entropy weight method will be used to solve for the weights of each indicator of rural physical education resource allocation. After collecting and preprocessing the data, the following results were obtained. Details of the experimental data are shown in Table2.Table 2
Experimental data.
Rural codingPTMSFEBXYN1014755827162610124111316112651832546550959303708N102439781856171713678991142501860993553399179246N10336618207820281540741692191386318444393144383N10459971385436593041180592346932391091357229356219N10518973156315101159561961621035974404754130568N10630582184417551477735168801419991761743275000N107284112440219920981032269151698955935124294504N10853059221121621897758982261839464423772151105N10937673265925252218981262121607486742714377045N11074218489546572447162272255832020841186376476496N1111497293397680639025947830922377580194392N11292831542553383386213484065739300641510699573942N11333169218121071783837667711958113865196280881


### 4.2. Experimental Results

This study was conducted to optimize the allocation of rural physical education resources with respect to the three objectives of attainment, efficiency, and equity established by the eight indicators; therefore, the raw average values of the eight resources were calculated separately for each district and county, as shown in Table3. Each row in Table 3 is a specific village code, and each column is an assessment indicator, where each number codes the value of the specific indicator in that village.Table 3
Eight indicators after the experiment.
Rural codingV1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8N1010.06573020.0589800.0380790.3299970.449997944.29109729.8437497.0548804N1020.05552770.0434760.0399970.3300050.449997747.88673929.8605897.3699577N1030.06592380.0627280.0420830.3299740.449997346.66879729.9085976.7148124N1040.06634870.0623460.0507240.3299920.450000854.01545729.9556296.6133798N1050.08243290.0913930.0611390.3299950.450007954.60269928.9961527.3638328N1060.06425340.0654960.0483290.3299980.449970648.85275729.9095228.9922503N1070.08591740.0890850.0738790.3633450.449966659.80134532.91418810.365904N1080.06430570.0451000.0399930.330010.450008542.17048929.7870673.7095497N1090.07060750.0716420.0589010.3299970.45000448.91317429.60459710.008407N1100.06614290.0654960.0399900.3299870.449998747.05252129.8886527.4066116N1110.06565580.0735370.0539000.3299490.449973355.50013429.71613712.98383N1120.06493520.059980.0399970.3299970.450000546.42526730.0858446.2966789N1130.06644750.0679240.0537850.3299760.449998559.0405829.9823938.4682083Since this study was conducted to optimize eight indicators with more indicators, the student-teacher ratio was used as an example for a pre- and postexperimental comparison.As shown in Figure4, the differences between districts and counties were large before the experiment, and the teacher-student ratios of N102 and N108 were low; after the experiment, N102 improved to 0.0555277 and N108 improved to 0.0643057, which reached the prescribed standard. The large fluctuation of the curve before the experiment and the small fluctuation of the curve after the experiment indicate that the experiment reduced the situation of rural physical education resources differences between districts and counties and improved each indicator to the prescribed standard. Since this study was conducted to optimize the resource allocation of eight indicators of rural physical education resources in each district and county of a city, to verify that the model improved the efficiency of resources, the comprehensive resource efficiency of each district and county before and after the experiment was calculated separately, as shown in Table 4.Figure 4
Comparison of teachers and students in each village before and after the experiment.Table 4
Two indicators after the experiment.
Rural codingPreexperimentAfter experimentN1016.03683710.73716N1026.02518310.99163N1035.6514210.81206N1049.35583711.19293N1059.26434811.15389N10610.0465811.37537N10712.8925712.92758N1084.2855389.955157N1098.84107411.50972N1107.31601310.96331N11111.4122212.46648N1127.31602210.75761N11310.8813611.82948In order to observe the comparison before and after the experiment more visually, the combined efficiency data of each district and county before and after the experiment are represented by line graphs, as follows.As shown in Figure5, the horizontal coordinates of the graph represent each district and county, the names of the districts and counties are replaced by numbers, and the vertical coordinates of the graph represent the corresponding comprehensive efficiency of rural physical education resources in each district and county obtained by calculation. The red lines represent the comprehensive efficiency of rural physical education resource allocation before the experiment, and the blue lines represent the comprehensive efficiency of rural physical education resource allocation after the experiment. In Figure 5, each horizontal coordinate indicates the number of training sessions and the vertical coordinate indicates the change in performance during training, and it can be found that the effect of pretraining is clearly ahead. Before the experiment, except for individual districts and counties, the comprehensive efficiency of resource allocation among other districts and counties is relatively low; after the experiment, the comprehensive efficiency of districts and counties has improved, N101 from 6.036837 to 10.73716, N102 from 6.025183 to 10.99163, and N108 from 4.285538 to 9.955157. And, all tend to the equilibrium state. It can be shown that this model improves the efficiency of the city's resources and reduces the differences in rural physical education resources between districts and counties. Through the above analysis in terms of attainment, equity, and efficiency, the model has had the effect of making each indicator attainable, improving efficiency, and reducing the differences between districts and counties. The experiment shows that it is necessary to optimize the allocation of existing resources in a city and also verifies the correctness and usability of the model and the importance of optimizing the allocation of rural physical education resources as well as providing theoretical guidelines for decision-making on the allocation of rural physical education resources in the city.Figure 5
Efficiency of physical education resource allocation in each village.


## 4.1. Experimental Setup

In this paper, we will analyze and validate this resource allocation optimization model by using an example of rural physical education resource allocation optimization in a city in China. This experiment takes a city as the research object, optimizes the rural physical education resource allocation for each district and county of the city, and solves for the optimal allocation that satisfies the highest efficiency and the smallest variance situation for each indicator of the corresponding resource in each village under the condition of meeting the standard so as to verify the validity of the model.This experiment was done on the Windows 10 platform. The relevant configurations of the experimental platform are as follows: (1) Processor: Intel(R) Corei7, (2) memory RAM: 16.0 GB, and (3) system type: 64-bit operating system. This paper proposes a method that carries out 20 epochs (rounds) on the training data set. The following training methods are used: the initial vector of the model is set to 0.0001; the Adam optimizer is used; the bulk size is set to 8 (the bulk size is the size of a selected training sample and the limits of the device GPU to choose the best optimization and speed according to the model. This study analyzes the data related to the resource allocation of a city's rural physical education stage, and the experimental data come from a city's education statistics basic database reporting platform; a city's education statistics basic database reporting platform is a platform for statistical reporting of student data, teacher data, school data, and district and county data of primary and secondary schools in the rural physical education stage of this city. In order to realistically solve the problem of optimizing the allocation of educational resources in a city, the rural physical education resource data of the city's districts and counties, as well as the rural physical education resource data within the corresponding villages of each district and county, were selected as experimental data. Since the situation varies among the districts and counties of the city, the optimal solution is different for each district and county after the experiment. Through the experiment, the optimized physical education teacher-student ratio V1, the average number of physical education teachers with higher than the required education V2, the average number of teachers with intermediate and above professional and technical positions V3, the average number of computers V4, the average number of physical education equipment assets V5, the average number of books V6, the average building area V7, and the average physical education field area V8 will be obtained for each village. Using the eight indicators of each district and county as a reference, the resource allocation of each rural school in the district and county can be solved. In the process of rural physical education resource allocation, the eight indicators V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V8 have different impacts on education in rural physical education. Therefore, in order to make the allocation of rural physical education resources more reasonable, the entropy weight method is used to solve for each index for the resource allocation optimization model with weights. In the following, the entropy weight method will be used to solve for the weights of each indicator of rural physical education resource allocation. After collecting and preprocessing the data, the following results were obtained. Details of the experimental data are shown in Table2.Table 2
Experimental data.
Rural codingPTMSFEBXYN1014755827162610124111316112651832546550959303708N102439781856171713678991142501860993553399179246N10336618207820281540741692191386318444393144383N10459971385436593041180592346932391091357229356219N10518973156315101159561961621035974404754130568N10630582184417551477735168801419991761743275000N107284112440219920981032269151698955935124294504N10853059221121621897758982261839464423772151105N10937673265925252218981262121607486742714377045N11074218489546572447162272255832020841186376476496N1111497293397680639025947830922377580194392N11292831542553383386213484065739300641510699573942N11333169218121071783837667711958113865196280881


## 4.2. Experimental Results

This study was conducted to optimize the allocation of rural physical education resources with respect to the three objectives of attainment, efficiency, and equity established by the eight indicators; therefore, the raw average values of the eight resources were calculated separately for each district and county, as shown in Table3. Each row in Table 3 is a specific village code, and each column is an assessment indicator, where each number codes the value of the specific indicator in that village.Table 3
Eight indicators after the experiment.
Rural codingV1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8N1010.06573020.0589800.0380790.3299970.449997944.29109729.8437497.0548804N1020.05552770.0434760.0399970.3300050.449997747.88673929.8605897.3699577N1030.06592380.0627280.0420830.3299740.449997346.66879729.9085976.7148124N1040.06634870.0623460.0507240.3299920.450000854.01545729.9556296.6133798N1050.08243290.0913930.0611390.3299950.450007954.60269928.9961527.3638328N1060.06425340.0654960.0483290.3299980.449970648.85275729.9095228.9922503N1070.08591740.0890850.0738790.3633450.449966659.80134532.91418810.365904N1080.06430570.0451000.0399930.330010.450008542.17048929.7870673.7095497N1090.07060750.0716420.0589010.3299970.45000448.91317429.60459710.008407N1100.06614290.0654960.0399900.3299870.449998747.05252129.8886527.4066116N1110.06565580.0735370.0539000.3299490.449973355.50013429.71613712.98383N1120.06493520.059980.0399970.3299970.450000546.42526730.0858446.2966789N1130.06644750.0679240.0537850.3299760.449998559.0405829.9823938.4682083Since this study was conducted to optimize eight indicators with more indicators, the student-teacher ratio was used as an example for a pre- and postexperimental comparison.As shown in Figure4, the differences between districts and counties were large before the experiment, and the teacher-student ratios of N102 and N108 were low; after the experiment, N102 improved to 0.0555277 and N108 improved to 0.0643057, which reached the prescribed standard. The large fluctuation of the curve before the experiment and the small fluctuation of the curve after the experiment indicate that the experiment reduced the situation of rural physical education resources differences between districts and counties and improved each indicator to the prescribed standard. Since this study was conducted to optimize the resource allocation of eight indicators of rural physical education resources in each district and county of a city, to verify that the model improved the efficiency of resources, the comprehensive resource efficiency of each district and county before and after the experiment was calculated separately, as shown in Table 4.Figure 4
Comparison of teachers and students in each village before and after the experiment.Table 4
Two indicators after the experiment.
Rural codingPreexperimentAfter experimentN1016.03683710.73716N1026.02518310.99163N1035.6514210.81206N1049.35583711.19293N1059.26434811.15389N10610.0465811.37537N10712.8925712.92758N1084.2855389.955157N1098.84107411.50972N1107.31601310.96331N11111.4122212.46648N1127.31602210.75761N11310.8813611.82948In order to observe the comparison before and after the experiment more visually, the combined efficiency data of each district and county before and after the experiment are represented by line graphs, as follows.As shown in Figure5, the horizontal coordinates of the graph represent each district and county, the names of the districts and counties are replaced by numbers, and the vertical coordinates of the graph represent the corresponding comprehensive efficiency of rural physical education resources in each district and county obtained by calculation. The red lines represent the comprehensive efficiency of rural physical education resource allocation before the experiment, and the blue lines represent the comprehensive efficiency of rural physical education resource allocation after the experiment. In Figure 5, each horizontal coordinate indicates the number of training sessions and the vertical coordinate indicates the change in performance during training, and it can be found that the effect of pretraining is clearly ahead. Before the experiment, except for individual districts and counties, the comprehensive efficiency of resource allocation among other districts and counties is relatively low; after the experiment, the comprehensive efficiency of districts and counties has improved, N101 from 6.036837 to 10.73716, N102 from 6.025183 to 10.99163, and N108 from 4.285538 to 9.955157. And, all tend to the equilibrium state. It can be shown that this model improves the efficiency of the city's resources and reduces the differences in rural physical education resources between districts and counties. Through the above analysis in terms of attainment, equity, and efficiency, the model has had the effect of making each indicator attainable, improving efficiency, and reducing the differences between districts and counties. The experiment shows that it is necessary to optimize the allocation of existing resources in a city and also verifies the correctness and usability of the model and the importance of optimizing the allocation of rural physical education resources as well as providing theoretical guidelines for decision-making on the allocation of rural physical education resources in the city.Figure 5
Efficiency of physical education resource allocation in each village.


## 5. Conclusion

This paper first analyzes the problems faced by rural physical education in China at the present stage and takes a city as the research object, and the experimental data are the data of rural physical education resource allocation in the rural physical education stage of a city. The eight indicators of resource allocation in this study were determined by considering the infrastructure aspects of schools, teachers' education as well as their titles, and education funding in conjunction with existing studies. By evaluating the eight indicators of resource allocation in the city with relevant calculations, three practical objectives were proposed to improve resource utilization, reduce the variation situation between districts and counties, and make the resource indicators meet the required standards. Meanwhile, according to the research objectives, a multiobjective optimization model was established by using artificial intelligence algorithm modeling, and the artificial raindrop algorithm was selected as the solution algorithm of the model. The different proportions of each education index will lead to different results of resource allocation, so weights were added to the optimization model of rural physical education resource allocation proposed in this study. Moreover, the detailed design of the process of solving the weight-based educational resource allocation optimization model was carried out. In addition, the solution process of the algorithm, the fitness function of the algorithm, the six operators of the algorithm, and the termination conditions of the iterations are designed in detail as well as how to code for specific problems and how to initialize the population. For solving the educational resource allocation optimization model with weights, the entropy weight method is used to determine the benchmark value of the weights in combination with the actual educational resource situation, and then, the weights corresponding to each index are brought into the model, the weight-based educational resource allocation optimization model is applied to the actual educational data, and the artificial raindrop algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of the rural physical education educational resource allocation optimization model, and through the analysis of the experimental results, it is confirmed that the model is practical and feasible, and after optimizing the rural physical education resources allocation in each district and county of the city, the efficiency of rural physical education resources is improved, the wastefulness of educational resources is reduced, and the disparity of allocation between districts and counties is decreased. Through the simulation experiments, certain results were received, reflecting the innovation in application. In our future research plan, we intend to carry out an overly convolutional neural network approach for rural physical education.



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*Source: 3226902-2022-05-20.xml*