# On Fuzzy Fractional Laplace Transformation

Authors: Ahmad Jafarian; Alireza Khalili Golmankhaneh; Dumitru Baleanu
Journal: Advances in Mathematical Physics
 (2014)

---

## Abstract

Fuzzy  and fractional differential equations are used to model problems with uncertainty and memory. Using the fractional fuzzy Laplace transformation we have solved the fuzzy fractional eigenvalue differential equation. By illustrative examples we have shown the results.


---

## Body

## 1. Introduction

Fractional calculus is the generalization of the standard calculus. That involves the derivative of functions to arbitrary orders. But the fractional derivatives are nonlocal so they provided the mathematical models to non-Markov processes and memory processes. Fractional calculus has found many applications in science, engineering, and so forth [1–15]. Fractional dynamics has been introduced and it can be one of the models for the nonconservative systems. Fractional Newtonian with the memory is modeled by heterogeneous liquid [10]. Recently, fractional local derivative has been studied and generalized so that it can be applied on fractals [16]. Local fractional calculus and application in science and engineering have been suggested on Cantor sets [17, 18]. The uncertainty is important subject in measurement of quantities in physics. Fuzzy number can be used to show the uncertainty in measurement. Fuzzy sets have been introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965 and since then they have been used in many applications [19–26]. As a consequence, there is vast literature on the practical applications of fuzzy sets, while theory has a more modest coverage. Fuzzy fractional heat and wave equation has been solved by using homotopy analysis transform method [27]. This paper adopted fuzzy Laplace transforms method to solve problems of fuzzy fractional differential equations. Our motivation in this paper is due to two reasons. Firstly, one of the important and interesting transforms in the problems of fuzzy equations is Laplace transforms. The fuzzy Laplace transform method solves fuzzy fractional differential equations and fuzzy boundary and initial value problems [28–35]. Secondly, this method is practically the most important operational method and also has advantage that it solves problems directly without determining a general solution in the first step and developing nonhomogeneous differential equation in the second step.This paper is arranged in the following manner.After an introduction to the present work, in Section2, we recall some basic tools that involve the fractional calculus and the fuzzy numbers. In Section 3, the fuzzy fractional Laplace transformation is discussed. Finally, we present the conclusions in Section 4.


## 2. Basic Tools

### 2.1. Fractional Calculus

Fractional calculus deals with generalizations of integer order derivatives integrals to arbitrary order. In this section we present basic definitions and properties which will be used in the subsequent sections [1–13]. If f
(
x
)
∈
C
[
a
,
b
] and α
>
0, then
(1)
I
a
x
α
f
(
x
)
≔
1
Γ
(
α
)
∫
a
x
f
(
t
)
(
x
-
t
)
1
-
α
d
t
,
D
x
α
a
f
(
x
)
≔
1
Γ
(
n
-
α
)
(
d
d
x
)
n
∫
a
x
f
(
t
)
(
x
-
t
)
-
n
+
α
+
1
d
t
,
D
b
α
x
C
f
(
x
)
=
1
Γ
(
n
-
α
)
∫
x
b
(
t
-
x
)
n
-
α
-
1
(
-
d
d
t
)
n
f
(
t
)
d
t
,
I
t
α
a
D
a
t
α
x
(
t
)
=
x
(
t
)
-
∑
j
=
1
n
(
D
t
α
-
j
a
x
)
(
a
)
Γ
(
α
+
1
-
j
)
(
t
-
a
)
α
-
j
are called the left sided Riemann-Liouville (RL), fractional integral Riemann-Liouville, fractional derivative of order α, and left sided Caputo fractional derivatives, respectively.


### 2.2. Fuzzy Numbers

Definition 1.
A fuzzy number is a fuzzy setu
:
ℝ
1
→
I
=
[
0,1
] such that (i)
uis upper semicontinuous;
(ii)
u
(
x
)
=
0 outside some interval [
a
,
d
];
(iii)
there are real numbersb and c, a
≤
b
≤
c
≤
d, for which
(1)
u
(
x
) is monotonically increasing on [
a
,
b
],
(2)
u
(
x
) is monotonically decreasing on [
c
,
d
],
(3)
u
(
x
)
=
1, b
≤
x
≤
c.The set of all the fuzzy numbers (as given in Definition1) is denoted by E
1 [19–26].Definition 2.
A fuzzy numberv is a pair (v
_
,
v
¯) of functions v
_
(
r
) and v
¯
(
r
), 0
≤
r
≤
1, which satisfy the following requirements:(i)
v
_
(
r
) is a bounded monotonically increasing, left continuous function on (
0,1
] and right continuous at 0;
(ii)
v
¯
(
r
) is a bounded monotonically decreasing, left continuous function on (
0,1
] and right continuous at 0;
(iii)
v
_
(
r
)
≤
v
¯
(
r
), 0
≤
r
≤
1.A popular fuzzy number is the triangular fuzzy numberv
=
(
v
m
,
v
l
,
v
u
), where v
m denotes the modal value and the real values v
l
≥
0 and v
u
≥
0 represent the left and right fuzziness, respectively. The membership function of a triangular fuzzy number is defined as follows:
(2)
μ
v
(
x
)
=
{
x
-
v
m
v
l
+
1
,
v
m
-
v
l
≤
x
≤
v
m
,
v
m
-
x
v
u
+
1
,
v
m
≤
x
≤
v
m
+
v
u
,
0
,
otherwise
.Its parametric form is(3)
v
_
(
r
)
=
v
m
+
v
l
(
r
-
1
)
,
v
¯
(
r
)
=
v
m
+
v
u
(
1
-
r
)
,
0
≤
r
≤
1
.Triangular fuzzy numbers are fuzzy numbers inL
R representation, where the reference functions L and R are linear.


## 2.1. Fractional Calculus

Fractional calculus deals with generalizations of integer order derivatives integrals to arbitrary order. In this section we present basic definitions and properties which will be used in the subsequent sections [1–13]. If f
(
x
)
∈
C
[
a
,
b
] and α
>
0, then
(1)
I
a
x
α
f
(
x
)
≔
1
Γ
(
α
)
∫
a
x
f
(
t
)
(
x
-
t
)
1
-
α
d
t
,
D
x
α
a
f
(
x
)
≔
1
Γ
(
n
-
α
)
(
d
d
x
)
n
∫
a
x
f
(
t
)
(
x
-
t
)
-
n
+
α
+
1
d
t
,
D
b
α
x
C
f
(
x
)
=
1
Γ
(
n
-
α
)
∫
x
b
(
t
-
x
)
n
-
α
-
1
(
-
d
d
t
)
n
f
(
t
)
d
t
,
I
t
α
a
D
a
t
α
x
(
t
)
=
x
(
t
)
-
∑
j
=
1
n
(
D
t
α
-
j
a
x
)
(
a
)
Γ
(
α
+
1
-
j
)
(
t
-
a
)
α
-
j
are called the left sided Riemann-Liouville (RL), fractional integral Riemann-Liouville, fractional derivative of order α, and left sided Caputo fractional derivatives, respectively.


## 2.2. Fuzzy Numbers

Definition 1.
A fuzzy number is a fuzzy setu
:
ℝ
1
→
I
=
[
0,1
] such that (i)
uis upper semicontinuous;
(ii)
u
(
x
)
=
0 outside some interval [
a
,
d
];
(iii)
there are real numbersb and c, a
≤
b
≤
c
≤
d, for which
(1)
u
(
x
) is monotonically increasing on [
a
,
b
],
(2)
u
(
x
) is monotonically decreasing on [
c
,
d
],
(3)
u
(
x
)
=
1, b
≤
x
≤
c.The set of all the fuzzy numbers (as given in Definition1) is denoted by E
1 [19–26].Definition 2.
A fuzzy numberv is a pair (v
_
,
v
¯) of functions v
_
(
r
) and v
¯
(
r
), 0
≤
r
≤
1, which satisfy the following requirements:(i)
v
_
(
r
) is a bounded monotonically increasing, left continuous function on (
0,1
] and right continuous at 0;
(ii)
v
¯
(
r
) is a bounded monotonically decreasing, left continuous function on (
0,1
] and right continuous at 0;
(iii)
v
_
(
r
)
≤
v
¯
(
r
), 0
≤
r
≤
1.A popular fuzzy number is the triangular fuzzy numberv
=
(
v
m
,
v
l
,
v
u
), where v
m denotes the modal value and the real values v
l
≥
0 and v
u
≥
0 represent the left and right fuzziness, respectively. The membership function of a triangular fuzzy number is defined as follows:
(2)
μ
v
(
x
)
=
{
x
-
v
m
v
l
+
1
,
v
m
-
v
l
≤
x
≤
v
m
,
v
m
-
x
v
u
+
1
,
v
m
≤
x
≤
v
m
+
v
u
,
0
,
otherwise
.Its parametric form is(3)
v
_
(
r
)
=
v
m
+
v
l
(
r
-
1
)
,
v
¯
(
r
)
=
v
m
+
v
u
(
1
-
r
)
,
0
≤
r
≤
1
.Triangular fuzzy numbers are fuzzy numbers inL
R representation, where the reference functions L and R are linear.


## 3. Fuzzy Fractional Laplace Transformation

Initial value problems are considered in fractional differential equations and solved by analytical and numerical methods [12]. In recent works, dynamical processes are considered the randomness and uncertainty. Stochastic and fuzzy differential equations are mathematical model for such dynamical processes, respectively. Suppose α
∈
(
0,1
], G
>
0 and F is fuzzy real number [24]. Then, the fractional fuzzy differential is
(4)
0
D
t
α
x
(
t
)
=
f
(
t
,
x
(
t
)
)
,
t
∈
(
0
,
G
]
,
x
0
∈
F
,
where f
[
0
,
G
]
×
F
→
F is continuous in the case of f
[
0
,
G
]
×
R
→
R and x
0
∈
R so (4) reduces to a fractional differential equation. And if one chooses α
=
1 in (4), we have a fuzzy differential equation.


### 3.1. Fractional Differential Equations with Uncertainty

Let us consider the fractional equation with fuzzy condition; that is,(5)
0
D
t
α
x
(
t
)
=
f
(
t
,
x
(
t
)
)
,
lim
⁡
t
→
0
+
t
1
-
α
x
(
t
)
=
x
0
∈
F
t
∈
(
0
,
G
]
x
0
∈
F
,
where f
:
[
0
,
G
]
×
F
→
F is continuous [24]. For example, if λ
>
0 and f
(
t
,
x
)
=
λ
x
+
g
(
t
,
x
) with g
:
[
0
,
G
]
×
F
→
F which is continuous, then the solution for (5) is
(6)
x
(
t
)
=
Γ
(
α
)
t
α
-
1
E
α
,
α
(
λ
t
α
)
x
0
+
∫
0
‍
t
(
t
-
s
)
α
-
1
E
α
,
α
(
λ
(
t
-
s
)
α
)
g
(
s
,
x
(
s
)
)
d
s
,
where
(7)
E
α
,
α
(
z
)
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
‍
z
α
Γ
(
α
(
k
+
1
)
)
.As a pursuit of fractional fuzzy differential in the following section we generalized fuzzy Laplace transformation method to fractional fuzzy Laplace method. Now, we solve illustrated examples in the subsequence sections.Example 3.
Consider the following fuzzy fractional eigenvalue differential equations as(8)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
0
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
,
α
∈
(
0,1
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
)
=
α
RL
α
RL
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
,
where α
RL is the number of fuzzy triangular which is called fuzzy Riemann-Liouville initial condition. Then, the above equation is extended based on its lower and upper functions as follows:
(9)
(
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
)
,
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
)
)
+
λ
(
y
_
(
x
)
,
y
¯
(
x
)
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
(
y
_
(
0
+
)
,
y
¯
(
0
+
)
)
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
.Now, we solve these equations according to the two following cases, using the generalized fractional fuzzy Laplace transform (FFLT). The equation with lower functions is(10)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
(
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
(
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
)
=
1
+
r
and with upper functions is
(11)
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
¯
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.Now, we use the FFLT for solving (9):
(12)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
(
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
)
=
1
+
r
.After using Laplace transform on (12), we get
(13)
S
α
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
-
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
,
r
)
+
λ
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
0
,
(
S
α
+
λ
)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
.Thus, we have(14)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
S
α
+
λ
.Taking the fuzzy inverse Laplace transform we obtain(15)
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
·
exp
⁡
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.In a similar manner we are led to(16)
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
·
exp
⁡
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Therefore, the general solution will be(17)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.In Figures1, 2, 3, and 4 we have plotted the solutions for the case of fractional, fractional fuzzy, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 1
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 2
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 3
α
=
0.1 and λ
=
2.Figure 4
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 4.
Let us consider the following fuzzy fractional differential equation as(18)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
0
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
,
α
∈
(
0,1
)
y
(
0
)
=
(
1
-
r
,
3
+
r
)
,
where D
0
x
α
=
D
0
+
α and (18) is called fuzzy Caputo initial condition. Then, (18) will be equivalent to
(19)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
(
1
)
y
_
(
0
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
,
(20)
D
0
+
α
(
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
(
2
)
y
¯
(
0
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.Applying Laplace transform on (19), we obtain
(21)
S
α
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
-
S
α
-
1
Y
_
(
0
,
r
)
+
λ
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
0
,
(
S
α
+
λ
)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
-
S
α
-
1
(
1
+
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
.In view of (21) we arrive at
(22)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
S
α
-
1
(
1
+
r
)
S
α
+
λ
.Also, by taking inverse Laplace transform of (22) we deduce that
(23)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
E
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Likewise, by doing the same calculation (20) will be
(24)
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
E
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Therefore, we have the final solution(25)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.In Figures5, 6, 7, and 8 we have sketched the solutions for the case of fractional, fractional fuzzy, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 5
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 6
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 7
α
=
0.1 and λ
=
2.Figure 8
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 5.
Consider the following fuzzy fractional differential equations with fuzzy Caputo initial condition as(26)
D
2
y
(
x
)
+
λ
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
=
0
,
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
,
α
∈
(
0,1
)
y
(
0
)
=
(
1
-
r
,
3
+
r
)
y
′
(
0
)
=
(
4
+
r
,
6
-
r
)
.
So (26) will become two equations with lower and upper functions such as
(27)
D
2
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
l
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
y
_
(
0
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
y
′
_
(
0
,
r
)
=
4
+
r
,
D
2
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
l
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
y
¯
(
0
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
y
′
¯
(
0
,
r
)
=
6
-
r
.Applying Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform on (27) one is led to
(28)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
E
2
-
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
1
+
r
)
x
2
-
α
E
2
-
α
,
3
-
α
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
4
+
r
)
x
E
2
-
α
,
2
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
,
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
E
2
-
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
3
-
r
)
x
2
-
α
E
2
-
α
,
3
-
α
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
6
-
r
)
x
E
2
-
α
,
2
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
.Therefore, the general solution will be as follows:(29)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.Figures9, 10, 11, and 12 show the graphs of the solutions for the cases of fractional, Fuzzy fractional, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 9
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 10
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 11
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 12
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 6.
Suppose the following fuzzy fractional differential equation with fuzzy initial Riemann-Liouville condition:(30)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
A
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
,
A
∈
R
+
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
)
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
.
So its lower and upper functions equations are(31)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
A
(
1
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
,
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
A
(
2
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
¯
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.Using the same manner we get the solutions(32)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
A
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
,
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
A
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Finally, we obtain general solution(33)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.Figures13, 14, 15, and 16 indicate the graphs of the solutions for the cases of fractional, fuzzy fractional, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 13
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 14
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 15
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 16
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 7.
Let us consider the fuzzy fractional differential equation involving fuzzy Riemann-Liouville initial condition:(34)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
(
4
+
r
,
6
-
r
)
α
∈
(
0,1
)
,
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
)
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
.
Equation (34) will be system of two equations such as
(35)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
4
+
r
)
(
1
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
,
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
6
-
r
(
2
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
¯
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.
The solutions for (34) are
(36)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
(
4
+
r
)
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
,
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
(
6
-
r
)
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.
And the general solution will be as(37)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.Figures17, 18, 19, and 20 present the graphs of the solutions for the cases of fractional, fuzzy fractional, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 17
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 18
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 19
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 20
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.


## 3.1. Fractional Differential Equations with Uncertainty

Let us consider the fractional equation with fuzzy condition; that is,(5)
0
D
t
α
x
(
t
)
=
f
(
t
,
x
(
t
)
)
,
lim
⁡
t
→
0
+
t
1
-
α
x
(
t
)
=
x
0
∈
F
t
∈
(
0
,
G
]
x
0
∈
F
,
where f
:
[
0
,
G
]
×
F
→
F is continuous [24]. For example, if λ
>
0 and f
(
t
,
x
)
=
λ
x
+
g
(
t
,
x
) with g
:
[
0
,
G
]
×
F
→
F which is continuous, then the solution for (5) is
(6)
x
(
t
)
=
Γ
(
α
)
t
α
-
1
E
α
,
α
(
λ
t
α
)
x
0
+
∫
0
‍
t
(
t
-
s
)
α
-
1
E
α
,
α
(
λ
(
t
-
s
)
α
)
g
(
s
,
x
(
s
)
)
d
s
,
where
(7)
E
α
,
α
(
z
)
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
‍
z
α
Γ
(
α
(
k
+
1
)
)
.As a pursuit of fractional fuzzy differential in the following section we generalized fuzzy Laplace transformation method to fractional fuzzy Laplace method. Now, we solve illustrated examples in the subsequence sections.Example 3.
Consider the following fuzzy fractional eigenvalue differential equations as(8)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
0
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
,
α
∈
(
0,1
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
)
=
α
RL
α
RL
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
,
where α
RL is the number of fuzzy triangular which is called fuzzy Riemann-Liouville initial condition. Then, the above equation is extended based on its lower and upper functions as follows:
(9)
(
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
)
,
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
)
)
+
λ
(
y
_
(
x
)
,
y
¯
(
x
)
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
(
y
_
(
0
+
)
,
y
¯
(
0
+
)
)
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
.Now, we solve these equations according to the two following cases, using the generalized fractional fuzzy Laplace transform (FFLT). The equation with lower functions is(10)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
(
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
(
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
)
=
1
+
r
and with upper functions is
(11)
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
¯
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.Now, we use the FFLT for solving (9):
(12)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
I
0
+
1
-
α
(
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
)
=
1
+
r
.After using Laplace transform on (12), we get
(13)
S
α
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
-
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
,
r
)
+
λ
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
0
,
(
S
α
+
λ
)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
.Thus, we have(14)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
S
α
+
λ
.Taking the fuzzy inverse Laplace transform we obtain(15)
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
·
exp
⁡
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.In a similar manner we are led to(16)
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
·
exp
⁡
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Therefore, the general solution will be(17)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.In Figures1, 2, 3, and 4 we have plotted the solutions for the case of fractional, fractional fuzzy, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 1
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 2
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 3
α
=
0.1 and λ
=
2.Figure 4
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 4.
Let us consider the following fuzzy fractional differential equation as(18)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
0
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
,
α
∈
(
0,1
)
y
(
0
)
=
(
1
-
r
,
3
+
r
)
,
where D
0
x
α
=
D
0
+
α and (18) is called fuzzy Caputo initial condition. Then, (18) will be equivalent to
(19)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
(
1
)
y
_
(
0
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
,
(20)
D
0
+
α
(
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
(
2
)
y
¯
(
0
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.Applying Laplace transform on (19), we obtain
(21)
S
α
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
-
S
α
-
1
Y
_
(
0
,
r
)
+
λ
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
0
,
(
S
α
+
λ
)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
-
S
α
-
1
(
1
+
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
.In view of (21) we arrive at
(22)
Y
_
(
s
,
r
)
=
S
α
-
1
(
1
+
r
)
S
α
+
λ
.Also, by taking inverse Laplace transform of (22) we deduce that
(23)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
E
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Likewise, by doing the same calculation (20) will be
(24)
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
E
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Therefore, we have the final solution(25)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.In Figures5, 6, 7, and 8 we have sketched the solutions for the case of fractional, fractional fuzzy, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 5
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 6
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 7
α
=
0.1 and λ
=
2.Figure 8
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 5.
Consider the following fuzzy fractional differential equations with fuzzy Caputo initial condition as(26)
D
2
y
(
x
)
+
λ
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
=
0
,
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
,
α
∈
(
0,1
)
y
(
0
)
=
(
1
-
r
,
3
+
r
)
y
′
(
0
)
=
(
4
+
r
,
6
-
r
)
.
So (26) will become two equations with lower and upper functions such as
(27)
D
2
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
l
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
y
_
(
0
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
y
′
_
(
0
,
r
)
=
4
+
r
,
D
2
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
l
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
0
y
¯
(
0
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
y
′
¯
(
0
,
r
)
=
6
-
r
.Applying Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform on (27) one is led to
(28)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
E
2
-
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
1
+
r
)
x
2
-
α
E
2
-
α
,
3
-
α
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
4
+
r
)
x
E
2
-
α
,
2
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
,
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
E
2
-
α
,
1
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
3
-
r
)
x
2
-
α
E
2
-
α
,
3
-
α
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
+
(
6
-
r
)
x
E
2
-
α
,
2
(
-
λ
x
2
-
α
)
.Therefore, the general solution will be as follows:(29)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.Figures9, 10, 11, and 12 show the graphs of the solutions for the cases of fractional, Fuzzy fractional, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 9
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 10
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 11
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 12
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 6.
Suppose the following fuzzy fractional differential equation with fuzzy initial Riemann-Liouville condition:(30)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
A
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
,
A
∈
R
+
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
)
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
.
So its lower and upper functions equations are(31)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
A
(
1
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
,
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
A
(
2
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
¯
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.Using the same manner we get the solutions(32)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
A
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
,
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
A
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.Finally, we obtain general solution(33)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.Figures13, 14, 15, and 16 indicate the graphs of the solutions for the cases of fractional, fuzzy fractional, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 13
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 14
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 15
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 16
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.Example 7.
Let us consider the fuzzy fractional differential equation involving fuzzy Riemann-Liouville initial condition:(34)
D
0
+
α
y
(
x
)
+
λ
y
(
x
)
=
(
4
+
r
,
6
-
r
)
α
∈
(
0,1
)
,
x
∈
R
+
∪
0
,
λ
∈
R
+
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
(
0
+
)
=
(
1
+
r
,
3
-
r
)
.
Equation (34) will be system of two equations such as
(35)
D
0
+
α
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
4
+
r
)
(
1
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
_
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
1
+
r
,
D
0
+
α
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
+
λ
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
6
-
r
(
2
)
I
0
+
1
-
α
y
¯
(
0
+
,
r
)
=
3
-
r
.
The solutions for (34) are
(36)
y
_
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
1
+
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
(
4
+
r
)
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
,
y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
=
(
3
-
r
)
1
x
1
-
α
E
α
,
α
(
-
λ
x
α
)
+
(
6
-
r
)
x
α
E
α
,
α
+
1
(
-
λ
x
α
)
.
And the general solution will be as(37)
ψ
=
(
Y
_
(
x
,
r
)
,
Y
¯
(
x
,
r
)
)
.Figures17, 18, 19, and 20 present the graphs of the solutions for the cases of fractional, fuzzy fractional, and fuzzy, respectively.Figure 17
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 18
α
=
0.8 and λ
=
2.Figure 19
α
=
0.3 and λ
=
2.Figure 20
α
=
1 and λ
=
2.


## 4. Conclusion

In this work, we have generalized the fractional Laplace transformation to the fuzzy fractional Laplace transformation. Then, we have solved the fractional fuzzy differential equation using suggested fuzzy fractional Laplace transformation. Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives were used in the fractional fuzzy differential equations. Moreover, Liouville and Caputo fractional initial condition is chosen in the example to show the difference. The illustrated graphs present the difference between fuzzy, fractional, and ordinary differential equations.



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*Source: 295432-2014-03-30.xml*