# Ammonium Trifluoroacetate-Mediated Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

Authors: Chandran Raju; R. Uma; Kalaipriya Madhaiyan; Radhakrishnan Sridhar; Seeram Ramakrishna
Journal: ISRN Organic Chemistry
 (2011)

---

## Abstract

A simple and economic synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using ammonium trifluoroacetate as catalyst and as solid support is accomplished. Easy workup procedure for the synthesis of title compounds is well arrived at and is well documented.


---

## Body

## 1. Introduction

Three component coupling reactions are very efficient and simple methodology for the synthesis of dihydropyridines [1, 2] and dihydropyrimidine derivatives [3]. Biginelli compounds and their analogues have been reported to possess a wide variety of pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties [4–11]. Though the first report on Biginelli reaction came in the 19th century, the research on dihydropyrimidines is not fully saturated because of their biological application as antihypertensive agents and calcium channel blockers [9–11]. Moreover, monastrol, a dihydropyrimidine derivative, is much exploited because of its extensive application as a cell permeable small-molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin, Eg5 [12].There are many reports for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using Lewis acid catalysts such as InCl3 [13], LaCl3·7H2O [14], Yb(OTf)3 [12], Mn(OAc)3·2H2O [15], Cu(OTf)2 [16], heteropolyacids [17], and so forth [18–30]. Phenyl boronic acid [31] was reported to catalyse the Biginelli reaction in acetonitrile solvent under refluxing conditions for 18 h. Ammonium chloride [32] solid-supported solvent-free synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones at 100°C is also reported. Green approach via polystyrene sulfonic acid [33] is also reported under microwave heating at 80°C and via TaBr5 [34] catalyst at 75°C.


## 2. Results and Discussion

In order to overcome the strong acidic conditions, higher temperature conditions, increased reaction times, unsatisfactory yields, and complicated workup procedures, we optimized and herein we disclose a simple protocol for the synthesis of the title compounds in higher yields employing ammonium trifluoroacetate as catalyst. The role of the same as catalyst in organic synthesis is relatively less explored. The catalyst effectively imparts the acidity that catalyzes the three-component coupling at 80°C in 10 to 20 min with good to excellent yields (Scheme1).Scheme 1Further ammonium trifluoroacetate is employed as solid support for 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones synthesis. The reaction mixture after completion forms the product as solid which is given water wash to get rid of the solid support. The solid was again given aqueous ethanol wash to drive off other organic impurities to obtain pure 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones in quantitative yield (Table 1).Table 1
General synthesis of ammonium trifluoroacetate-mediated dihydropyrimidines.
CompoundArR1XTime (min)Yield (%)a,bMp (°C)4aPhenylCH3O1098200–2024b3-Methoxy phenylCH3O1295224-2254c3-CarboxyphenylCH3O1590291–2934d3-NitrophenylCH3O1085231–2334ePhenylHO1092190-1914fPhenylCH3S2083209–2114g3-CyanophenylCH3O2578236-2374h3-Methyl phenylCH3O2095233-2344i2-FluorophenylCH3O1870235-2364j4-ChlorophenylHS1575138-1394k2-NaphthylCH3O1090210–2124lBenzylCH3O2085176–1784m2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy phenylCH3O2873241-2424n2-Hydroxy-5-iodophenylCH3O6055170-1714o2-Hydroxy-5-t-butyl phenylCH3O870220–2224p2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenylHS1882181-1824q3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl phenylCH3O3560209-2104r2,3-DichlorophenylHS1870182–1844s2-ThienylCH3O1278206–2084t3-ThienylCH3O1570234-2354u2-PyridylCH3O2585183–1854v3-FurylCH3O2045206-2074w2-ThiazolylCH3O2060215-2164x4-ThiazolylHS1555270–2734y2-ImidazolylCH3O3035258–2604z1-Methyl-indol-3-ylCH3O4050199–201aIsolated yield.bAll the target molecules were characterized with IR, LCMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR.The method is worked and optimized not only for aromatic aldehydes but also for functional aromatic aldehydes (Scheme1). Aldehydes with both the electron withdrawing and electron donating substituents are experimented under the neat reaction condition. From the results it is evident that the reaction condition or the catalyst did not affect the reactivity of electron withdrawing or electron releasing substituents in the aldehyde moiety. Further, the hetero-aromatic systems (Table 1, 4s–4z) are also explored with the trifluoroacetate ammonium solid-supported protocol so as to generalize the condition for every system. Compared to the aromatic systems the heteroaromatic aldehydes are less yielding in less reactive aldehyde cases. In order to optimize the reaction condition several attempts (Table 2) were made to arrive at the successful solid-supported method.Table 2
Conditions attempted for the ammonium trifluoroacetate-mediated synthesisa.
EntryCondition adoptedTimeYield (%)1Ethanol/catalyst/RT12 h652Ethanol/catalyst/80°C5 h803Acetonitrile/catalyst/RT10 h834Acetonitrile/catalyst/80°C30 min905Neat/catalyst/RT20 h106Neat/catalyst-SiO2/RT20 h157Neat/catalyst/80°C10 min98aIsolated yield.The versatility of ammonium trifluoroacetate is clear from the table that it affects good to excellent yield of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones in both ethanol and acetonitrile at higher temperatures. The final solid-supported approach excels all the other methods giving quantitative conversion of the starting materials to 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones in short time. Further, the procedure avoids use of solvents for extraction, ensures safety, and lessens pollution. Decreased reaction times are also realized due to the increased reactivity of the reactants under neat condition as compared to the solvent-mediated conditions.


## 3. Conclusion

Herein we have achieved our ultimatum to obtain the Biginelli compounds through solvent free approach, in short reaction time, employing economic, weekly acidic catalyst cum solid support adopting an easy workup procedure. The synthesis and antihypertensive/calcium channel activity of novel hetero aryl substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones through this generalized protocol will be our future aim.


## 4. Experimental Section

### 4.1. General Procedure for One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

A mixture of aldehyde (5 mmol),β-diketo ester (5 mmol), urea/thiourea (7.5 mmol) and ammonium trifluoro acetate (50 mmol) was taken in a vial and heated as neat at 80°C for 20 to 30 min. After cooling, solid formed was filtered and washed with cold water (2 × 10 mL) followed by diethyl ether, if necessary recrystallized from ethanol or ethyl acetate to afford pure product. Compound-4b:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.19 (s, 1H), 7.73 (brs, 1H), 7.23 (t, 1H), 6.81–6.76 (m, 3H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 3.99 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.11 (t, 3H, J = 7.08 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 159.7, 152.6, 148.9, 146.8, 130.0, 118.7, 112.8, 112.6, 99.6, 59.7, 55.4, 54.2, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3240, 3104, 2931, 1704, 1649, 1330, 1091 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 291 (M + H+). Compound-4c:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 13.2 (brs, 1H), 9.25 (brs, 1H), 7.85–7.79 (m, 3H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.97 (q, 2H, J =7 Hz), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 167.6, 165.6, 152.4, 149.1, 145.8, 131.3, 131.2, 129.2, 128.7, 127.7, 99.4, 59.7, 54.3, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3216, 3098, 2980, 2930, 2530, 1694, 1655, 1607, 1455, 1290, 1092, 764, 616, 515 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 303 (M-H+). Compound-4d:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.36 (brs,1H), 8.13 (m, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.70–7.61 (m, 2H), 5.29-5.28 (d, 1H, J = 3.18 Hz), 4.02–3.94 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.08 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.5, 152.2, 149.8, 148.2, 147.5, 133.4, 130.7, 122.8, 121.5, 98.7, 59.8, 54.0, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3330, 3218, 3110, 2964, 1709, 1630, 1526, 1456, 1419, 1346, 1311, 1223, 1088, 1004, 813, 688 cm−1LC/MS: m/z 306 (M + H+). Compound-4e:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.20 (s, 1H), 7.74 (brs, 1H), 7.31–7.20 (m, 5H), 5.13 (d, 1H, J = 3.42 Hz), 3.51 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 166.3, 152.6, 149.1, 145.1, 128.9, 127.7, 126.6, 99.5, 54.2, 51.2, 18.3. IR (KBr): 3446, 3333, 3222, 2950, 1696, 1667, 1437, 1349, 1239, 1094, 792, 698, 520, 458 cm−1 LC/MS:m/z 247 (M + H+). Compound-4f:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.33 (s, 1H), 9.65 (brs, 1H), 7.36–7.19 (m, 5H), 5.16 (d, 1H, J = 3.6 Hz), 4.03 (q, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 174.7, 165.6, 145.5, 143.9, 129.0, 128.1, 126.8, 101.2, 60.0, 54.5, 17.6, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3328, 3174, 3106, 2982, 1671, 1573, 1467, 1422, 1327, 1197, 1117, 1026, 722 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 277 (M + H+). Compound-4g:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.31 (s, 1H), 7.81–7.55 (m, 5H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.99–3.95 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.08–1.04 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.5, 158.1, 152.2, 149.8, 146.8, 131.8, 131.2, 130.5, 119.2, 111.7, 98.6, 59.8, 54.1, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3345, 2967, 2228, 1677, 1426, 1097, 793 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 286 (M + H+). Compound-4h:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.15 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.22–7.17 (m, 1H), 7.05–7.00 (m, 3H), 5.09 (brs, 1H), 4.00–3.93 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.11–1.06 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 152.6, 148.7, 145.3, 137.8, 128.8, 128.3, 127.3, 123.8, 99.7, 59.6, 54.4, 21.6, 18.2, 14.5. IR(KBr): 3220, 3100, 2980, 1699, 1646, 1220, 1085, 793 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 275 (M + H+). Compound-4i:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.28–7.13 (m, 4H), 5.44 (brs, 1H), 3.91–3.89 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.06–0.99 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.6, 161.4, 158.2, 152.0, 149.4, 132.2, 129.9, 125.0, 116.0, 97.9, 59.5, 49.1, 18.2, 14.3. IR (KBr): 3345, 3212, 3099, 2969, 1685, 1220, 1097, 749, 639 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 277 (M − H+). Compound-4j:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.40 (s, 1H), 9.68 (s, 1H), 7.43–7.40 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz) 7.23–7.20 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz), 5.16 (s, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 174.7, 166.0, 146.1, 142.6, 132.8, 129.1, 128.7, 100.5, 53.8, 51.6, 17.7. IR (KBr): 3313, 3169, 2995, 2947, 1715, 1570, 1190, 1113, 827 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 297 (M + H+). Compound-4k:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 7.89–7.86 (m, 4H), 7.66 (s, 1H),7.49–7.41 (m, 3H), 5.31 (s, 1H), 3.96 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.06 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 152.5, 149.0, 142.6, 133.1, 132.8, 128.7, 128.3, 127.9, 126.7, 126.4, 125.3, 125.0, 99.5, 59.6, 54.7, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3223, 3102, 2932, 1705, 1648, 1428, 1321, 1284, 1228, 1086, 1020, 801, 755, 601 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 311 (M + H+). Compound-4l:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.7 (brs, 1H), 7.23–7.20 (m, 4H), 7.04–7.02 (m, 2H), 4.30 (brs, 1H), 3.99 (m, 2H), 2.66 (d, 2H, J = 4.41 Hz), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.17 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 160.0, 152.9, 149.4, 137.5, 130.2, 128.2, 126.6, 98.5, 59.5, 52.1, 42.9, 17.9, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3441, 3334, 3248, 2982, 1701, 1646, 1460, 1312, 1230, 1098, 1026, 786 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 275 (M + H+). Compound-4m:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.56 (brs, 1H), 7.21 (brd, 1H), 6.87–6.81 (m, 2H), 6.76–6.74 (dd, J =2.08, 6.96 Hz), 4.43–4.41 (m, 1H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.2 (brs, 1H), 1.7 (s, 3H), 1.22 (t, 3H, J =7.12 Hz). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): 168.9, 154.9, 148.5, 140.3, 126.4, 120.8, 120.5, 119.2, 112.0, 83.5, 61.0, 55.8, 48.1, 24.4, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3359, 3215, 3086, 2942, 2249, 1743, 1687, 1589, 1489, 1372, 1265, 1076, 766, 597 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 307 (M + H+). Compound-4n:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.69 (brs, 1H), 7.50–7.45 (m, 2H), 7.21 (bd, 1H, J = 3.66 Hz), 6.64 (d, 1H, J = 8.46 Hz), 4.49 (t, 1H, J = 4.14 Hz), 4.20–4.09 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 1H), 1.71 (s, 3H), 1.23 (t, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 168.6, 160.0, 154.8, 151.1, 138.1, 137.3, 128.7, 119.8, 84.0, 83.2, 78.8, 61.1, 47.6, 24.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3447, 3353, 3214, 3079, 2932, 1744, 1687, 1626, 1463, 1249, 1087, 1025, 909, 815, 555 cm−1LC/MS: m/z 403 (M + H+). Compound-4o:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.33 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 7.04–7.00 (m, 3H), 6.70–6.67 (d, 1H, J = 8.34 Hz), 5.37 (brs, 1H), 3.93–3.89 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.23 (s, 1H), 1.17 (s, 9H), 1.05–1.00 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 166.0, 152.9, 152.7, 148.7, 140.9, 129.4, 125.3, 124.5, 115.5, 98.2, 59.3, 50.8, 33.9, 31.8, 18.1, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3382, 3283, 2958, 1678, 1629, 1219, 1003, 876, 605 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 331 (M − H+). Compound-4p:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.36 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.01 (m, 1H), 7.87–7.86 (m, 1H), 7.43 (brs, 1H), 6.97–6.94 (d, 1H, J = 8.84 Hz), 5.45 (s, 1H), 3.92–3.89 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.05–0.99 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.6, 162.1, 152.3, 149.8, 139.6, 131.5, 125.4, 124.5, 116.4, 97.1, 59.6, 50.4, 18.2, 14.4. IR (KBr): 3428, 3100, 2983, 1693, 1640, 1488, 1333, 1238, 1073, 820, 747, 639 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 320 (M − H+). Compound-4q:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 80.5 (s, 1H), 7.91–7.84 (m, 3H), 5.37 (brs, 1H), 3.99–3.96 (q, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.07–1.02 (t, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.4, 152.0, 150.3, 148.7, 131.0, 130.7, 127.5, 125.1, 98.3, 59.9, 54.0, 18.3, 14.3. IR (KBr): 3441, 3321, 1654, 1543, 1275, 1118, 896, 676 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 395 (M − H+). Compound-4r:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.45 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 7.58–7.55 (dd, 1H, J = 1.5, 7.8 Hz), 7.39–7.33 (t, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.27–7.24 (dd, 1H, J = 1.5, 7.8 Hz), 5.67 (brs, 1H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 174.44, 165.68, 146.50, 143.52, 132.47, 130.44, 129.20, 128.29, 127.0, 99.80, 52.81, 51.54, 17.59. IR (KBr): 3153, 2987, 1715, 1560, 1467, 1193, 1099, 723 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 332 (M + H+). Compound-4s:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.33 (brs, 1H), 7.91 (brs, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J = 4.98 Hz), 6.94–6.88 (m, 2H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 4.08 (q, 2H, J = 7.08 Hz), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.17 (t, 3H, J = 7.11 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.5, 160.0, 152.7, 149.2, 127.1, 125.1, 123.9, 100.3, 59.8, 49.8, 18.1, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3446, 3336, 2983, 1628, 1457, 1315, 1231, 1157, 1025, 710, 556 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 267.1 (M + H+). Compound-4t:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.19 (brs, 1H), 7.76 (brs, 1H), 7.46–7.43 (m, 1H), 7.13 (brs, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 4.92 Hz), 5.20 (bd, 1H, J = 3.21 Hz), 4.04 (q, 2H, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.20(s, 3H), 1.16 (t, 3H, J = 7.05 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.7, 153.0, 148.9, 148.9, 146.2, 127.1, 127.0, 126.6, 121.2, 99.9, 59.7, 49.8, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3241, 3108, 2980, 1702, 1649, 1461, 1425, 1369, 1291, 1093, 687, 513 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 267 (M + H+). Compound-4u:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 8.59–8.57 (d, 1H, J = 4.5 Hz), 7.96–7.91 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.44–7.40 (m, 2H), 5.28 (brs, 1H), 3.97–3.91 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.09–1.01 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.6, 161.7, 152.3, 149.9, 147.8, 139.5, 123.9, 122.4, 97.6, 59.6, 55.6, 18.4, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3209, 3081, 2947, 1698, 1650, 1068, 814 cm−1LC/MS: m/z 262 (M + H+). Compound-4v:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.16 (s, 1H), 7.64–7.54 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.08 (brs, 1H), 4.06–4.02 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.18–1.13 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.7, 153.2, 149.1, 144.0, 139.0, 129.5, 109.6, 99.5, 59.7, 46.3, 18.1, 14.7. IR (KBr): cm−13236, 3110, 2984, 1697, 1646, 1210, 1092, 773. LC/MS: m/z 251 (M + H+). Compound-4w:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.39 (brs, 1H), 7.99 (brs, 1H), 7.72-7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.21 Hz), 7.62-7.61 (d, 1H, J = 3.21 Hz), 5.47 (brs, 1H), 4.08–4.01 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.15–1.09 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 173.3, 165.3, 152.5, 150.4, 142.9, 120.7, 98.5, 59.9, 52.0, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3204, 3074, 2855, 1692, 1632, 1214, 1088, 944, 752 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 268 (M + H+). Compound-4x:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.34 (s, 1H), 9.62 (brs, 1H), 9.02-9.01 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.39 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 5.34 (brs, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 175.3, 165.9, 158.0, 155.4, 146.2, 116.0, 100.0, 51.5, 50.7, 17.7. IR (KBr): 3338, 3213, 2947, 1655, 1567, 1443, 736 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 270 (M + H+). Compound-4y:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.2 (brs, 1H), 8.96 (s, 1H), 6.72 (s, 2H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 4.05–3.98 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.14–1.09 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). IR (KBr): 3358, 3165, 3039, 2980, 2900, 2810, 1654, 1511, 1207, 1016, 818, 657 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 251 (M + H+). Compound-4z:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.13 (s, 1H), 7.62–7.59 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J = 8.04 Hz), 7.12 (t, 1H, J = 8.04 Hz), 7.05–7.00 (m, 2H), 5.42 (s, 1H), 3.97–3.92 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.9, 160.0, 152.9, 147.9, 137.3, 127.5, 125.8, 121.5, 119.7, 117.9, 110.0, 99.7, 59.5, 47.3, 32.7, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3443, 3349, 3251, 2935, 2815, 1696, 1640, 1465, 1375, 1218, 1086, 786, 555 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 314 (M + H+).


## 4.1. General Procedure for One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

A mixture of aldehyde (5 mmol),β-diketo ester (5 mmol), urea/thiourea (7.5 mmol) and ammonium trifluoro acetate (50 mmol) was taken in a vial and heated as neat at 80°C for 20 to 30 min. After cooling, solid formed was filtered and washed with cold water (2 × 10 mL) followed by diethyl ether, if necessary recrystallized from ethanol or ethyl acetate to afford pure product. Compound-4b:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.19 (s, 1H), 7.73 (brs, 1H), 7.23 (t, 1H), 6.81–6.76 (m, 3H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 3.99 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.11 (t, 3H, J = 7.08 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 159.7, 152.6, 148.9, 146.8, 130.0, 118.7, 112.8, 112.6, 99.6, 59.7, 55.4, 54.2, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3240, 3104, 2931, 1704, 1649, 1330, 1091 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 291 (M + H+). Compound-4c:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 13.2 (brs, 1H), 9.25 (brs, 1H), 7.85–7.79 (m, 3H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.97 (q, 2H, J =7 Hz), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 167.6, 165.6, 152.4, 149.1, 145.8, 131.3, 131.2, 129.2, 128.7, 127.7, 99.4, 59.7, 54.3, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3216, 3098, 2980, 2930, 2530, 1694, 1655, 1607, 1455, 1290, 1092, 764, 616, 515 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 303 (M-H+). Compound-4d:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.36 (brs,1H), 8.13 (m, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.70–7.61 (m, 2H), 5.29-5.28 (d, 1H, J = 3.18 Hz), 4.02–3.94 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.08 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.5, 152.2, 149.8, 148.2, 147.5, 133.4, 130.7, 122.8, 121.5, 98.7, 59.8, 54.0, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3330, 3218, 3110, 2964, 1709, 1630, 1526, 1456, 1419, 1346, 1311, 1223, 1088, 1004, 813, 688 cm−1LC/MS: m/z 306 (M + H+). Compound-4e:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.20 (s, 1H), 7.74 (brs, 1H), 7.31–7.20 (m, 5H), 5.13 (d, 1H, J = 3.42 Hz), 3.51 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 166.3, 152.6, 149.1, 145.1, 128.9, 127.7, 126.6, 99.5, 54.2, 51.2, 18.3. IR (KBr): 3446, 3333, 3222, 2950, 1696, 1667, 1437, 1349, 1239, 1094, 792, 698, 520, 458 cm−1 LC/MS:m/z 247 (M + H+). Compound-4f:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.33 (s, 1H), 9.65 (brs, 1H), 7.36–7.19 (m, 5H), 5.16 (d, 1H, J = 3.6 Hz), 4.03 (q, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 174.7, 165.6, 145.5, 143.9, 129.0, 128.1, 126.8, 101.2, 60.0, 54.5, 17.6, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3328, 3174, 3106, 2982, 1671, 1573, 1467, 1422, 1327, 1197, 1117, 1026, 722 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 277 (M + H+). Compound-4g:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.31 (s, 1H), 7.81–7.55 (m, 5H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.99–3.95 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.08–1.04 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.5, 158.1, 152.2, 149.8, 146.8, 131.8, 131.2, 130.5, 119.2, 111.7, 98.6, 59.8, 54.1, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3345, 2967, 2228, 1677, 1426, 1097, 793 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 286 (M + H+). Compound-4h:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.15 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.22–7.17 (m, 1H), 7.05–7.00 (m, 3H), 5.09 (brs, 1H), 4.00–3.93 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.11–1.06 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 152.6, 148.7, 145.3, 137.8, 128.8, 128.3, 127.3, 123.8, 99.7, 59.6, 54.4, 21.6, 18.2, 14.5. IR(KBr): 3220, 3100, 2980, 1699, 1646, 1220, 1085, 793 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 275 (M + H+). Compound-4i:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.28–7.13 (m, 4H), 5.44 (brs, 1H), 3.91–3.89 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.06–0.99 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.6, 161.4, 158.2, 152.0, 149.4, 132.2, 129.9, 125.0, 116.0, 97.9, 59.5, 49.1, 18.2, 14.3. IR (KBr): 3345, 3212, 3099, 2969, 1685, 1220, 1097, 749, 639 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 277 (M − H+). Compound-4j:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.40 (s, 1H), 9.68 (s, 1H), 7.43–7.40 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz) 7.23–7.20 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz), 5.16 (s, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 174.7, 166.0, 146.1, 142.6, 132.8, 129.1, 128.7, 100.5, 53.8, 51.6, 17.7. IR (KBr): 3313, 3169, 2995, 2947, 1715, 1570, 1190, 1113, 827 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 297 (M + H+). Compound-4k:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 7.89–7.86 (m, 4H), 7.66 (s, 1H),7.49–7.41 (m, 3H), 5.31 (s, 1H), 3.96 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.06 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 152.5, 149.0, 142.6, 133.1, 132.8, 128.7, 128.3, 127.9, 126.7, 126.4, 125.3, 125.0, 99.5, 59.6, 54.7, 18.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3223, 3102, 2932, 1705, 1648, 1428, 1321, 1284, 1228, 1086, 1020, 801, 755, 601 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 311 (M + H+). Compound-4l:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.7 (brs, 1H), 7.23–7.20 (m, 4H), 7.04–7.02 (m, 2H), 4.30 (brs, 1H), 3.99 (m, 2H), 2.66 (d, 2H, J = 4.41 Hz), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.17 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.8, 160.0, 152.9, 149.4, 137.5, 130.2, 128.2, 126.6, 98.5, 59.5, 52.1, 42.9, 17.9, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3441, 3334, 3248, 2982, 1701, 1646, 1460, 1312, 1230, 1098, 1026, 786 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 275 (M + H+). Compound-4m:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.56 (brs, 1H), 7.21 (brd, 1H), 6.87–6.81 (m, 2H), 6.76–6.74 (dd, J =2.08, 6.96 Hz), 4.43–4.41 (m, 1H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.2 (brs, 1H), 1.7 (s, 3H), 1.22 (t, 3H, J =7.12 Hz). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): 168.9, 154.9, 148.5, 140.3, 126.4, 120.8, 120.5, 119.2, 112.0, 83.5, 61.0, 55.8, 48.1, 24.4, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3359, 3215, 3086, 2942, 2249, 1743, 1687, 1589, 1489, 1372, 1265, 1076, 766, 597 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 307 (M + H+). Compound-4n:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.69 (brs, 1H), 7.50–7.45 (m, 2H), 7.21 (bd, 1H, J = 3.66 Hz), 6.64 (d, 1H, J = 8.46 Hz), 4.49 (t, 1H, J = 4.14 Hz), 4.20–4.09 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 1H), 1.71 (s, 3H), 1.23 (t, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 168.6, 160.0, 154.8, 151.1, 138.1, 137.3, 128.7, 119.8, 84.0, 83.2, 78.8, 61.1, 47.6, 24.3, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3447, 3353, 3214, 3079, 2932, 1744, 1687, 1626, 1463, 1249, 1087, 1025, 909, 815, 555 cm−1LC/MS: m/z 403 (M + H+). Compound-4o:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.33 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 7.04–7.00 (m, 3H), 6.70–6.67 (d, 1H, J = 8.34 Hz), 5.37 (brs, 1H), 3.93–3.89 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.23 (s, 1H), 1.17 (s, 9H), 1.05–1.00 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 166.0, 152.9, 152.7, 148.7, 140.9, 129.4, 125.3, 124.5, 115.5, 98.2, 59.3, 50.8, 33.9, 31.8, 18.1, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3382, 3283, 2958, 1678, 1629, 1219, 1003, 876, 605 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 331 (M − H+). Compound-4p:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.36 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.01 (m, 1H), 7.87–7.86 (m, 1H), 7.43 (brs, 1H), 6.97–6.94 (d, 1H, J = 8.84 Hz), 5.45 (s, 1H), 3.92–3.89 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.05–0.99 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.6, 162.1, 152.3, 149.8, 139.6, 131.5, 125.4, 124.5, 116.4, 97.1, 59.6, 50.4, 18.2, 14.4. IR (KBr): 3428, 3100, 2983, 1693, 1640, 1488, 1333, 1238, 1073, 820, 747, 639 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 320 (M − H+). Compound-4q:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 80.5 (s, 1H), 7.91–7.84 (m, 3H), 5.37 (brs, 1H), 3.99–3.96 (q, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.07–1.02 (t, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.4, 152.0, 150.3, 148.7, 131.0, 130.7, 127.5, 125.1, 98.3, 59.9, 54.0, 18.3, 14.3. IR (KBr): 3441, 3321, 1654, 1543, 1275, 1118, 896, 676 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 395 (M − H+). Compound-4r:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.45 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 7.58–7.55 (dd, 1H, J = 1.5, 7.8 Hz), 7.39–7.33 (t, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.27–7.24 (dd, 1H, J = 1.5, 7.8 Hz), 5.67 (brs, 1H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 174.44, 165.68, 146.50, 143.52, 132.47, 130.44, 129.20, 128.29, 127.0, 99.80, 52.81, 51.54, 17.59. IR (KBr): 3153, 2987, 1715, 1560, 1467, 1193, 1099, 723 cm−1. LC/MS: m/z 332 (M + H+). Compound-4s:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.33 (brs, 1H), 7.91 (brs, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J = 4.98 Hz), 6.94–6.88 (m, 2H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 4.08 (q, 2H, J = 7.08 Hz), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.17 (t, 3H, J = 7.11 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.5, 160.0, 152.7, 149.2, 127.1, 125.1, 123.9, 100.3, 59.8, 49.8, 18.1, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3446, 3336, 2983, 1628, 1457, 1315, 1231, 1157, 1025, 710, 556 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 267.1 (M + H+). Compound-4t:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.19 (brs, 1H), 7.76 (brs, 1H), 7.46–7.43 (m, 1H), 7.13 (brs, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 4.92 Hz), 5.20 (bd, 1H, J = 3.21 Hz), 4.04 (q, 2H, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.20(s, 3H), 1.16 (t, 3H, J = 7.05 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.7, 153.0, 148.9, 148.9, 146.2, 127.1, 127.0, 126.6, 121.2, 99.9, 59.7, 49.8, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3241, 3108, 2980, 1702, 1649, 1461, 1425, 1369, 1291, 1093, 687, 513 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 267 (M + H+). Compound-4u:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 8.59–8.57 (d, 1H, J = 4.5 Hz), 7.96–7.91 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.44–7.40 (m, 2H), 5.28 (brs, 1H), 3.97–3.91 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.09–1.01 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.6, 161.7, 152.3, 149.9, 147.8, 139.5, 123.9, 122.4, 97.6, 59.6, 55.6, 18.4, 14.5. IR (KBr): 3209, 3081, 2947, 1698, 1650, 1068, 814 cm−1LC/MS: m/z 262 (M + H+). Compound-4v:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.16 (s, 1H), 7.64–7.54 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.08 (brs, 1H), 4.06–4.02 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.18–1.13 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 165.7, 153.2, 149.1, 144.0, 139.0, 129.5, 109.6, 99.5, 59.7, 46.3, 18.1, 14.7. IR (KBr): cm−13236, 3110, 2984, 1697, 1646, 1210, 1092, 773. LC/MS: m/z 251 (M + H+). Compound-4w:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.39 (brs, 1H), 7.99 (brs, 1H), 7.72-7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.21 Hz), 7.62-7.61 (d, 1H, J = 3.21 Hz), 5.47 (brs, 1H), 4.08–4.01 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.15–1.09 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 173.3, 165.3, 152.5, 150.4, 142.9, 120.7, 98.5, 59.9, 52.0, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3204, 3074, 2855, 1692, 1632, 1214, 1088, 944, 752 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 268 (M + H+). Compound-4x:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.34 (s, 1H), 9.62 (brs, 1H), 9.02-9.01 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.39 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 5.34 (brs, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 175.3, 165.9, 158.0, 155.4, 146.2, 116.0, 100.0, 51.5, 50.7, 17.7. IR (KBr): 3338, 3213, 2947, 1655, 1567, 1443, 736 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 270 (M + H+). Compound-4y:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.2 (brs, 1H), 8.96 (s, 1H), 6.72 (s, 2H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 4.05–3.98 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.14–1.09 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). IR (KBr): 3358, 3165, 3039, 2980, 2900, 2810, 1654, 1511, 1207, 1016, 818, 657 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 251 (M + H+). Compound-4z:  1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.13 (s, 1H), 7.62–7.59 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J = 8.04 Hz), 7.12 (t, 1H, J = 8.04 Hz), 7.05–7.00 (m, 2H), 5.42 (s, 1H), 3.97–3.92 (q, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, 3H, J = 7 Hz). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): 165.9, 160.0, 152.9, 147.9, 137.3, 127.5, 125.8, 121.5, 119.7, 117.9, 110.0, 99.7, 59.5, 47.3, 32.7, 18.2, 14.6. IR (KBr): 3443, 3349, 3251, 2935, 2815, 1696, 1640, 1465, 1375, 1218, 1086, 786, 555 cm−1 LC/MS: m/z 314 (M + H+).



---

*Source: 273136-2011-11-13.xml*