# Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning Based on Big Data Analysis Technology

Authors: Zixuan Jia
Journal: Journal of Environmental and Public Health
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Aiming at the goal of high-quality development of the landscape architecture industry, we should actively promote the development and integration of digital, networked, and intelligent technologies and promote the intelligent and diversified development of the landscape architecture industry. Due to the limitation of drawing design technology and construction method, the traditional landscape architecture construction cannot really understand the public demands, and the construction scheme also relies on the experience and subjective aesthetics of professionals, resulting in improper connection between design and construction. At present, under the guidance of the national strategy, under the background of the rapid development of digital technologies such as 5G, big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and digital twins, the high integration of landscape architecture construction and digital technology has led to the transformation of the production mode of landscape architecture construction. Abundant professional data and convenient information processing platform enable landscape planners, designers, and builders to evaluate the whole life cycle of the project more scientifically and objectively and realize the digitalization of the whole process of investigation, analysis, design, construction, operation, and maintenance. For the landscape architecture industry, the significance of digital technology is not only to change the production tools but also to update the environmental awareness, design response, and construction methods, which makes the landscape architecture planning and design achieve the organic combination of qualitative and quantitative and also makes the landscape architecture discipline more scientific and rational. In this paper, the new method of combining grey relational degree with machine learning is used to provide new guidance for traditional landscape planning by using big data information in landscape design and has achieved very good results. The article analyzes the guidance of landscape architecture design under the big data in China and provides valuable reference for promoting the construction of landscape architecture in China.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

### 1.1. Research Background

The concept of “big data” first appeared in the 2014 government work report. Since then, many policies have been introduced, and the big data industry has developed with the support of national policies [1, 2]. The four key supports in the Platform for Action to Promote Big Data Development released in August 2022 pointed out the direction for the growth of China’s big data industry. The implementation of the national big data strategy was first proposed in the Fourteenth Five Year Plan Outline. The document points out that the era of “big data” has come. It is necessary to deepen the application of big data in various industries, build a perfect industrial chain, and promote the robust development of big data [3, 4].With the continuous improvement of China’s information technology development level, the level of collecting, mining, and applying data resources is also constantly improving. In order to promote the sustainable development of the big data industry, implement the national big data strategy, and realize the important measures from a big data country to a powerful data country, the Party Central Committee and the State Council made a major strategic deployment and issued the Big Data Industry Development Plan. At present, China’s economic development has entered a new normal [5], and big data will play a more important role in stabilizing growth, promoting reform and restructuring, and benefiting the people’s livelihood. At the same time, in the economic and social development, big data reflects an increasingly important foundation, strategy, and guiding position. The development and utilization of big data is changing all aspects of society and promoting the transformation and development of the industry [6].Big data brings new technologies and equipment to other industries. For landscape architecture, big data brings more changes in planning thinking, allowing professionals to rely more on rational analysis of problems. Planning and design is a process of solving problems. Aiming at complex problems, appropriate solutions are proposed by analyzing a large number of multitype data. Only in this way can the planning be more objective and rational [7, 8].


### 1.2. Research Purpose and Significance

#### 1.2.1. Research Purpose

Landscape architecture has always maintained a close relationship with nature and is considered as a discipline to explain the relationship between man and nature. Landscape value evaluation, which has always been a hot topic in research, began to develop in the direction of combining qualitative and quantitative research under the influence of quantitative analysis. In recent years, landscape planners have actively explored the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and constructed many mathematical analysis models by drawing on the quantitative analysis technology of related disciplines and combining professional theories [9, 10].As a new type of rural landscape display mode, landscape design in public health urban planning is based on conventional planning methods and industrial planning. Compared with urban parks, urban green spaces, scenic spots, ecological conservation areas, etc., the landscape design in public health urban planning lacks targeted and systematic planning procedures and regulations. This paper provides a systematic planning content and procedure through the study of landscape design and landscape planning in public health urban planning.


#### 1.2.2. Research Significance

With the penetration of data into all walks of life, data has become a new field of competition between countries and enterprises. More importantly, data is compared to the core of the second economy, which shows the importance of mastering and using data for industry development [11]. At present, big data is mainly used in the financial industry, service industry, medical research and development, and other industries closely related to our lives, affecting our lives. As an important basic factor of human settlements, landscape planning should use the analysis and guidance function of big data to plan and design landscape sites that are more in line with the site and people’s needs [12]. In order to improve the scientificity of landscape planning, the part of traditional planning that relies on subjective rational experience and perceptual creation is expressed in the form of data to form a more scientific quantitative planning method. In the planning, the data on the network that can reflect tourists’ concerns and perceptions are cited [13]. It avoids the problem of low data accuracy caused by the small coverage of data statistics and reduces the workload of going out for investigation. Through the network, public opinions are introduced into the planning, which also reflects the people-oriented public participation planning concept [14].As a comprehensive development model integrating modern agriculture, leisure tourism, and rural communities, garden landscape design in public health urban planning meets the needs of building an integrated urban-rural pattern, meets the requirements of reforming the rural supply side structure, developing new industries, and reforming the rural property rights system, and is a sustainable model to promote rural modernization, new urbanization, and socioeconomic development. Landscape planning is an important part of landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, which determines the development prospect of landscape design in public health urban planning [15].


### 1.3. Research Contents and Methods

#### 1.3.1. Research Content

By learning the data collection and processing technology of big data, the big data processing method and guidance method are introduced into landscape planning and combined with the processing method of big data algorithm combining grey correlation degree and machine learning in the conventional planning program, so as to affect the thinking of planning design and improve the objectivity and scientificity [16]. The main procedure is to introduce the big data collection and processing technology combined with grey correlation degree and machine learning based on field investigation and site data collection, screen and process the data, establish a database, and use the thousand layer cake analysis method to overlay and analyze different data by quantifying different types of influencing factors to guide landscape planning. The landscape planning method under the influence of big data is applied in the landscape design of public health urban planning, and the planning procedures of traditional planning methods and data planning methods are compared to find out the similarities and differences [17].


#### 1.3.2. Research Methods

This paper uses landscape planning theory, psychology theory, spatial syntax theory, etc. to study the big data landscape planning method based on the combination of grey correlation and machine learning [18]. The main research methods include big data survey and analysis, field survey, DEM (digital elevation model), thousand layer cake analysis, and document retrieval.
(1)
Big data survey and analysis methodThrough the collection of big data, establish the connection between the data and crowd activities and venues. Big data is used as the basis for planning, which avoids the limitations of investigation and access in traditional planning and expands the accuracy of data. At the same time, the workload of field investigation is reduced.(2)
Big data algorithm combining grey relational degree with machine learningThrough field inspection, UAV aerial photography, photography, and villagers’ communication, we can obtain first-hand information about the site and supplement the details of satellite images and some nonwritten human landscape information.(3)
DEM (digital elevation model)The collected data are vectorized and transformed into 3D DEM (digital elevation model) through GIS for later site feature analysis and planning guidance.


## 1.1. Research Background

The concept of “big data” first appeared in the 2014 government work report. Since then, many policies have been introduced, and the big data industry has developed with the support of national policies [1, 2]. The four key supports in the Platform for Action to Promote Big Data Development released in August 2022 pointed out the direction for the growth of China’s big data industry. The implementation of the national big data strategy was first proposed in the Fourteenth Five Year Plan Outline. The document points out that the era of “big data” has come. It is necessary to deepen the application of big data in various industries, build a perfect industrial chain, and promote the robust development of big data [3, 4].With the continuous improvement of China’s information technology development level, the level of collecting, mining, and applying data resources is also constantly improving. In order to promote the sustainable development of the big data industry, implement the national big data strategy, and realize the important measures from a big data country to a powerful data country, the Party Central Committee and the State Council made a major strategic deployment and issued the Big Data Industry Development Plan. At present, China’s economic development has entered a new normal [5], and big data will play a more important role in stabilizing growth, promoting reform and restructuring, and benefiting the people’s livelihood. At the same time, in the economic and social development, big data reflects an increasingly important foundation, strategy, and guiding position. The development and utilization of big data is changing all aspects of society and promoting the transformation and development of the industry [6].Big data brings new technologies and equipment to other industries. For landscape architecture, big data brings more changes in planning thinking, allowing professionals to rely more on rational analysis of problems. Planning and design is a process of solving problems. Aiming at complex problems, appropriate solutions are proposed by analyzing a large number of multitype data. Only in this way can the planning be more objective and rational [7, 8].


## 1.2. Research Purpose and Significance

### 1.2.1. Research Purpose

Landscape architecture has always maintained a close relationship with nature and is considered as a discipline to explain the relationship between man and nature. Landscape value evaluation, which has always been a hot topic in research, began to develop in the direction of combining qualitative and quantitative research under the influence of quantitative analysis. In recent years, landscape planners have actively explored the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and constructed many mathematical analysis models by drawing on the quantitative analysis technology of related disciplines and combining professional theories [9, 10].As a new type of rural landscape display mode, landscape design in public health urban planning is based on conventional planning methods and industrial planning. Compared with urban parks, urban green spaces, scenic spots, ecological conservation areas, etc., the landscape design in public health urban planning lacks targeted and systematic planning procedures and regulations. This paper provides a systematic planning content and procedure through the study of landscape design and landscape planning in public health urban planning.


### 1.2.2. Research Significance

With the penetration of data into all walks of life, data has become a new field of competition between countries and enterprises. More importantly, data is compared to the core of the second economy, which shows the importance of mastering and using data for industry development [11]. At present, big data is mainly used in the financial industry, service industry, medical research and development, and other industries closely related to our lives, affecting our lives. As an important basic factor of human settlements, landscape planning should use the analysis and guidance function of big data to plan and design landscape sites that are more in line with the site and people’s needs [12]. In order to improve the scientificity of landscape planning, the part of traditional planning that relies on subjective rational experience and perceptual creation is expressed in the form of data to form a more scientific quantitative planning method. In the planning, the data on the network that can reflect tourists’ concerns and perceptions are cited [13]. It avoids the problem of low data accuracy caused by the small coverage of data statistics and reduces the workload of going out for investigation. Through the network, public opinions are introduced into the planning, which also reflects the people-oriented public participation planning concept [14].As a comprehensive development model integrating modern agriculture, leisure tourism, and rural communities, garden landscape design in public health urban planning meets the needs of building an integrated urban-rural pattern, meets the requirements of reforming the rural supply side structure, developing new industries, and reforming the rural property rights system, and is a sustainable model to promote rural modernization, new urbanization, and socioeconomic development. Landscape planning is an important part of landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, which determines the development prospect of landscape design in public health urban planning [15].


## 1.2.1. Research Purpose

Landscape architecture has always maintained a close relationship with nature and is considered as a discipline to explain the relationship between man and nature. Landscape value evaluation, which has always been a hot topic in research, began to develop in the direction of combining qualitative and quantitative research under the influence of quantitative analysis. In recent years, landscape planners have actively explored the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and constructed many mathematical analysis models by drawing on the quantitative analysis technology of related disciplines and combining professional theories [9, 10].As a new type of rural landscape display mode, landscape design in public health urban planning is based on conventional planning methods and industrial planning. Compared with urban parks, urban green spaces, scenic spots, ecological conservation areas, etc., the landscape design in public health urban planning lacks targeted and systematic planning procedures and regulations. This paper provides a systematic planning content and procedure through the study of landscape design and landscape planning in public health urban planning.


## 1.2.2. Research Significance

With the penetration of data into all walks of life, data has become a new field of competition between countries and enterprises. More importantly, data is compared to the core of the second economy, which shows the importance of mastering and using data for industry development [11]. At present, big data is mainly used in the financial industry, service industry, medical research and development, and other industries closely related to our lives, affecting our lives. As an important basic factor of human settlements, landscape planning should use the analysis and guidance function of big data to plan and design landscape sites that are more in line with the site and people’s needs [12]. In order to improve the scientificity of landscape planning, the part of traditional planning that relies on subjective rational experience and perceptual creation is expressed in the form of data to form a more scientific quantitative planning method. In the planning, the data on the network that can reflect tourists’ concerns and perceptions are cited [13]. It avoids the problem of low data accuracy caused by the small coverage of data statistics and reduces the workload of going out for investigation. Through the network, public opinions are introduced into the planning, which also reflects the people-oriented public participation planning concept [14].As a comprehensive development model integrating modern agriculture, leisure tourism, and rural communities, garden landscape design in public health urban planning meets the needs of building an integrated urban-rural pattern, meets the requirements of reforming the rural supply side structure, developing new industries, and reforming the rural property rights system, and is a sustainable model to promote rural modernization, new urbanization, and socioeconomic development. Landscape planning is an important part of landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, which determines the development prospect of landscape design in public health urban planning [15].


## 1.3. Research Contents and Methods

### 1.3.1. Research Content

By learning the data collection and processing technology of big data, the big data processing method and guidance method are introduced into landscape planning and combined with the processing method of big data algorithm combining grey correlation degree and machine learning in the conventional planning program, so as to affect the thinking of planning design and improve the objectivity and scientificity [16]. The main procedure is to introduce the big data collection and processing technology combined with grey correlation degree and machine learning based on field investigation and site data collection, screen and process the data, establish a database, and use the thousand layer cake analysis method to overlay and analyze different data by quantifying different types of influencing factors to guide landscape planning. The landscape planning method under the influence of big data is applied in the landscape design of public health urban planning, and the planning procedures of traditional planning methods and data planning methods are compared to find out the similarities and differences [17].


### 1.3.2. Research Methods

This paper uses landscape planning theory, psychology theory, spatial syntax theory, etc. to study the big data landscape planning method based on the combination of grey correlation and machine learning [18]. The main research methods include big data survey and analysis, field survey, DEM (digital elevation model), thousand layer cake analysis, and document retrieval.
(1)
Big data survey and analysis methodThrough the collection of big data, establish the connection between the data and crowd activities and venues. Big data is used as the basis for planning, which avoids the limitations of investigation and access in traditional planning and expands the accuracy of data. At the same time, the workload of field investigation is reduced.(2)
Big data algorithm combining grey relational degree with machine learningThrough field inspection, UAV aerial photography, photography, and villagers’ communication, we can obtain first-hand information about the site and supplement the details of satellite images and some nonwritten human landscape information.(3)
DEM (digital elevation model)The collected data are vectorized and transformed into 3D DEM (digital elevation model) through GIS for later site feature analysis and planning guidance.


## 1.3.1. Research Content

By learning the data collection and processing technology of big data, the big data processing method and guidance method are introduced into landscape planning and combined with the processing method of big data algorithm combining grey correlation degree and machine learning in the conventional planning program, so as to affect the thinking of planning design and improve the objectivity and scientificity [16]. The main procedure is to introduce the big data collection and processing technology combined with grey correlation degree and machine learning based on field investigation and site data collection, screen and process the data, establish a database, and use the thousand layer cake analysis method to overlay and analyze different data by quantifying different types of influencing factors to guide landscape planning. The landscape planning method under the influence of big data is applied in the landscape design of public health urban planning, and the planning procedures of traditional planning methods and data planning methods are compared to find out the similarities and differences [17].


## 1.3.2. Research Methods

This paper uses landscape planning theory, psychology theory, spatial syntax theory, etc. to study the big data landscape planning method based on the combination of grey correlation and machine learning [18]. The main research methods include big data survey and analysis, field survey, DEM (digital elevation model), thousand layer cake analysis, and document retrieval.
(1)
Big data survey and analysis methodThrough the collection of big data, establish the connection between the data and crowd activities and venues. Big data is used as the basis for planning, which avoids the limitations of investigation and access in traditional planning and expands the accuracy of data. At the same time, the workload of field investigation is reduced.(2)
Big data algorithm combining grey relational degree with machine learningThrough field inspection, UAV aerial photography, photography, and villagers’ communication, we can obtain first-hand information about the site and supplement the details of satellite images and some nonwritten human landscape information.(3)
DEM (digital elevation model)The collected data are vectorized and transformed into 3D DEM (digital elevation model) through GIS for later site feature analysis and planning guidance.


## 2. The Relationship between Big Data Analysis Technology and Landscape Design in Public Health Urban Planning

### 2.1. Limitations and Improvement Measures of Big Data

#### 2.1.1. Accuracy of Big Data Attributes

At present, with the development and application of information technology, information technology has made great changes in people’s life and work. Big data has been well known and used in people’s lives to provide convenience for people’s life and work. For landscape design planning, in terms of information data collection, visitors’ information data can be collected through Sina Weibo, Baidu, and other social platforms to understand the use of tourist activity space and green space. However, during the actual study, visitors were widely distributed and information was scattered. Therefore, the amount of information that can be studied is large and the scope is wide. Supermarkets, coffee bars, fast food restaurants, etc. are the main distribution centers for tourists. The general scope of people’s life can be understood through the way of big data information collection, but further research is needed for more detailed content. During the specific implementation, the service data of leisure places need to be processed to improve the accuracy of landscape green space evaluation [19].


#### 2.1.2. Location Accuracy of Big Data

During the development and application of information technology, the position recognition function has been gradually applied to various tools. Among them, LBS data collected by mobile computing devices such as smartphones and tablets can record the current position of instrument users and upload the current position to the system data platform through the position recognition function, and the data platform analyzes and studies the acquired information data to obtain timely and effective information [20]. In the current process of economic development, mobile phone positioning has been widely used by using location precision positioning tools. And this technology is mainly used in the research of park tourists. Visitors can collect information about tourists within the park coverage by using mobile phones and learn about the number of tourists inside the landscape garden through information feedback. During the implementation of the park visitor information collection, the base station mainly adopts the cell system, covering a range of 3.5 km. With the accurate detection tool of data point location, we can analyze the popularity of landscape design and people’s preference for landscape style [21].


#### 2.1.3. Big Data Information Is Comprehensive

In the process of landscape design and construction in the public health urban planning, the research on landscape architecture construction through big data technology mainly focuses on the collection and sorting of urban green space system, green space quality, and other data. Because the green space system and green space quality have very important basis for the research on landscape design and design in the public health urban planning, through a large amount of information data research, we can understand the common characteristics of landscape architecture. It provides valuable guidance for the construction of landscape architecture in China. Big data technology can make up for traditional data technology to some extent [22]. Therefore, using big data technology is more convenient and accurate in obtaining information data. Due to the wide range of information and data obtained and the wide range of sources of information obtained, the data obtained is not universal. In view of the current problems, in addition to using big data information technology to obtain information, questionnaire, interview, action observation, and other methods have been added to obtain information [23].


### 2.2. Application Process of Big Data

#### 2.2.1. Define the Type of Big Data

During the research on landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, it is necessary to analyze the planning and design research objectives, actual information data, and other related attributes on the basis of big data, and a large number of data sources and data volumes are required. Therefore, for landscape researchers, it is necessary to define the type of big data and carry out research in different steps according to different types of big data.


#### 2.2.2. Analysis of Data Resources Formed by Big Data Acquisition and Integration

Because urban landscape design is closely related to urban construction and urban-scale expansion, it is necessary to analyze and integrate data resources during the use of big data to obtain accurate information. Landscape researchers obtain corresponding data according to the characteristics of big data, develop research plans, finally form data resources, use big data technology to establish a unified data model, and apply the data model to landscape design research. Because the data model needs a large amount of information data, during the establishment of the data model, if the information data obtained is not perfect, the staff need to further preprocess the information data to improve the accuracy of the data model for information processing [24].


#### 2.2.3. Mining and Analysis of Big Data

Because big data information technology is not widely used and the scope of specific implementation is small, landscape architecture researchers need to clarify the data mining methods and analysis methods and the main content of the work after encountering problems during the actual application of big data and apply it to the data model by using sea volume and complex and irregular information data. Through a variety of big data information data analysis methods, the obtained information data are finally analyzed on the problems of landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, providing valuable reference for landscape design and construction in public health urban planning [25].


### 2.3. Problems in Landscape Design in Public Health City Planning

In the process of landscape design in public health urban planning, the collision between rational engineering technology and perceptual artistic thinking not only brings sparks of creativity, but also causes many problems, mainly in the following aspects:


#### 2.3.1. The Current Design Concept Is Backward

In terms of landscape architecture design, China is still in the stage of reference and imitation, and even many design schemes have obvious traces of plagiarism. Designers lack personalized design awareness, environmental protection concept, and innovative thinking mode. The government has always advocated “green environmental protection.” We have been growing up under the slogan of “everyone is responsible for protecting the environment.” We live in cities that have always wanted to establish sound rules and regulations to stop environmental pollution. In addition, China is a multiethnic country, and each region and city has different cultural heritage and humanistic characteristics, which should be reflected in the urban landscape architecture. However, these cannot be achieved in the current urban landscape architecture design of most cities in China, resulting in the phenomenon of stereotyped, copied, nonenergy-saving, and nonenvironmental protection. Although the industrial revolution has brought us the possibility of “standardized and batch” production, it is not suitable for urban landscape design. We should avoid the appearance of excessive similarity, lack of individuality, and unsustainable development.


#### 2.3.2. Insufficient Current Technical Level

Landscape architecture design is a field combining art and technology, involving a wide range of professional knowledge and a wide range of fields, such as architectural engineering, botany, soil biology, computer application, and energy-saving technology. This requires designers engaged in landscape architecture design to have various knowledge and skills at the same time. At present, many designers have difficulties to do so, which leads to the phenomenon of insufficient technical level in the design scheme. In addition to the insufficient technical level of personnel, the current construction technology is also lagging behind. After many excellent design schemes are produced, they cannot be realized due to the limitation of insufficient construction technology.


#### 2.3.3. The Current Design Is Divorced from Reality

The design of landscape architecture is actually the design of people’s living environment. People living in different regions are in different living environments, and there are differences in climate, terrain, temperature, humidity, etc. In order to pursue economic benefits, the current landscape architecture design ignores the practical significance of design. Our requirements for ourselves are basically the requirements for the environment. Safety, comfort, convenience, and quickness are the main thrust of our life. The word “enjoy” will never change for small families or everyone. Whether enjoying a warm family or enjoying the fun of life, it needs to be set off by the surrounding environment. Designers have invested a lot in human and material resources, but why is it feasible in some places, while others cannot be compared? This is because the design scheme is divorced from reality, so designers should seriously tell themselves that it is necessary to be responsible for the design behavior.


### 2.4. Relationship between Landscape Design and Big Data in Public Health Urban Planning

In the landscape design of public health city planning, there are problems such as backward design concept, insufficient technical level, and design divorced from reality. The emergence of big data technology can largely solve these problems. The technical problems involved in landscape architecture design are difficult to solve for people with insufficient knowledge reserves, but not for big data computers with large data storage capacity and supercomputing capacity.Using intelligent design to transform garden design can not only let us have better leisure and entertainment but also let us participate in the environment more efficiently. For example, intelligent lighting enables us not only to be free from light pollution but also to be a free man living in harmony with nature. The combination of intelligent public facilities and background music not only brings a kind of enjoyment in life but also helps to alleviate people’s psychological pressure.A large part of the carriers of landscape design are green plants and public facilities. In the past, the park landscape was mostly for self-entertainment, while the big data landscape garden could share resources and help each other in environmental protection. Intelligent garden design is also conducive to the promotion of local human customs and complementing each other. It integrates multiple interests without violating the laws of nature.


## 2.1. Limitations and Improvement Measures of Big Data

### 2.1.1. Accuracy of Big Data Attributes

At present, with the development and application of information technology, information technology has made great changes in people’s life and work. Big data has been well known and used in people’s lives to provide convenience for people’s life and work. For landscape design planning, in terms of information data collection, visitors’ information data can be collected through Sina Weibo, Baidu, and other social platforms to understand the use of tourist activity space and green space. However, during the actual study, visitors were widely distributed and information was scattered. Therefore, the amount of information that can be studied is large and the scope is wide. Supermarkets, coffee bars, fast food restaurants, etc. are the main distribution centers for tourists. The general scope of people’s life can be understood through the way of big data information collection, but further research is needed for more detailed content. During the specific implementation, the service data of leisure places need to be processed to improve the accuracy of landscape green space evaluation [19].


### 2.1.2. Location Accuracy of Big Data

During the development and application of information technology, the position recognition function has been gradually applied to various tools. Among them, LBS data collected by mobile computing devices such as smartphones and tablets can record the current position of instrument users and upload the current position to the system data platform through the position recognition function, and the data platform analyzes and studies the acquired information data to obtain timely and effective information [20]. In the current process of economic development, mobile phone positioning has been widely used by using location precision positioning tools. And this technology is mainly used in the research of park tourists. Visitors can collect information about tourists within the park coverage by using mobile phones and learn about the number of tourists inside the landscape garden through information feedback. During the implementation of the park visitor information collection, the base station mainly adopts the cell system, covering a range of 3.5 km. With the accurate detection tool of data point location, we can analyze the popularity of landscape design and people’s preference for landscape style [21].


### 2.1.3. Big Data Information Is Comprehensive

In the process of landscape design and construction in the public health urban planning, the research on landscape architecture construction through big data technology mainly focuses on the collection and sorting of urban green space system, green space quality, and other data. Because the green space system and green space quality have very important basis for the research on landscape design and design in the public health urban planning, through a large amount of information data research, we can understand the common characteristics of landscape architecture. It provides valuable guidance for the construction of landscape architecture in China. Big data technology can make up for traditional data technology to some extent [22]. Therefore, using big data technology is more convenient and accurate in obtaining information data. Due to the wide range of information and data obtained and the wide range of sources of information obtained, the data obtained is not universal. In view of the current problems, in addition to using big data information technology to obtain information, questionnaire, interview, action observation, and other methods have been added to obtain information [23].


## 2.1.1. Accuracy of Big Data Attributes

At present, with the development and application of information technology, information technology has made great changes in people’s life and work. Big data has been well known and used in people’s lives to provide convenience for people’s life and work. For landscape design planning, in terms of information data collection, visitors’ information data can be collected through Sina Weibo, Baidu, and other social platforms to understand the use of tourist activity space and green space. However, during the actual study, visitors were widely distributed and information was scattered. Therefore, the amount of information that can be studied is large and the scope is wide. Supermarkets, coffee bars, fast food restaurants, etc. are the main distribution centers for tourists. The general scope of people’s life can be understood through the way of big data information collection, but further research is needed for more detailed content. During the specific implementation, the service data of leisure places need to be processed to improve the accuracy of landscape green space evaluation [19].


## 2.1.2. Location Accuracy of Big Data

During the development and application of information technology, the position recognition function has been gradually applied to various tools. Among them, LBS data collected by mobile computing devices such as smartphones and tablets can record the current position of instrument users and upload the current position to the system data platform through the position recognition function, and the data platform analyzes and studies the acquired information data to obtain timely and effective information [20]. In the current process of economic development, mobile phone positioning has been widely used by using location precision positioning tools. And this technology is mainly used in the research of park tourists. Visitors can collect information about tourists within the park coverage by using mobile phones and learn about the number of tourists inside the landscape garden through information feedback. During the implementation of the park visitor information collection, the base station mainly adopts the cell system, covering a range of 3.5 km. With the accurate detection tool of data point location, we can analyze the popularity of landscape design and people’s preference for landscape style [21].


## 2.1.3. Big Data Information Is Comprehensive

In the process of landscape design and construction in the public health urban planning, the research on landscape architecture construction through big data technology mainly focuses on the collection and sorting of urban green space system, green space quality, and other data. Because the green space system and green space quality have very important basis for the research on landscape design and design in the public health urban planning, through a large amount of information data research, we can understand the common characteristics of landscape architecture. It provides valuable guidance for the construction of landscape architecture in China. Big data technology can make up for traditional data technology to some extent [22]. Therefore, using big data technology is more convenient and accurate in obtaining information data. Due to the wide range of information and data obtained and the wide range of sources of information obtained, the data obtained is not universal. In view of the current problems, in addition to using big data information technology to obtain information, questionnaire, interview, action observation, and other methods have been added to obtain information [23].


## 2.2. Application Process of Big Data

### 2.2.1. Define the Type of Big Data

During the research on landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, it is necessary to analyze the planning and design research objectives, actual information data, and other related attributes on the basis of big data, and a large number of data sources and data volumes are required. Therefore, for landscape researchers, it is necessary to define the type of big data and carry out research in different steps according to different types of big data.


### 2.2.2. Analysis of Data Resources Formed by Big Data Acquisition and Integration

Because urban landscape design is closely related to urban construction and urban-scale expansion, it is necessary to analyze and integrate data resources during the use of big data to obtain accurate information. Landscape researchers obtain corresponding data according to the characteristics of big data, develop research plans, finally form data resources, use big data technology to establish a unified data model, and apply the data model to landscape design research. Because the data model needs a large amount of information data, during the establishment of the data model, if the information data obtained is not perfect, the staff need to further preprocess the information data to improve the accuracy of the data model for information processing [24].


### 2.2.3. Mining and Analysis of Big Data

Because big data information technology is not widely used and the scope of specific implementation is small, landscape architecture researchers need to clarify the data mining methods and analysis methods and the main content of the work after encountering problems during the actual application of big data and apply it to the data model by using sea volume and complex and irregular information data. Through a variety of big data information data analysis methods, the obtained information data are finally analyzed on the problems of landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, providing valuable reference for landscape design and construction in public health urban planning [25].


## 2.2.1. Define the Type of Big Data

During the research on landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, it is necessary to analyze the planning and design research objectives, actual information data, and other related attributes on the basis of big data, and a large number of data sources and data volumes are required. Therefore, for landscape researchers, it is necessary to define the type of big data and carry out research in different steps according to different types of big data.


## 2.2.2. Analysis of Data Resources Formed by Big Data Acquisition and Integration

Because urban landscape design is closely related to urban construction and urban-scale expansion, it is necessary to analyze and integrate data resources during the use of big data to obtain accurate information. Landscape researchers obtain corresponding data according to the characteristics of big data, develop research plans, finally form data resources, use big data technology to establish a unified data model, and apply the data model to landscape design research. Because the data model needs a large amount of information data, during the establishment of the data model, if the information data obtained is not perfect, the staff need to further preprocess the information data to improve the accuracy of the data model for information processing [24].


## 2.2.3. Mining and Analysis of Big Data

Because big data information technology is not widely used and the scope of specific implementation is small, landscape architecture researchers need to clarify the data mining methods and analysis methods and the main content of the work after encountering problems during the actual application of big data and apply it to the data model by using sea volume and complex and irregular information data. Through a variety of big data information data analysis methods, the obtained information data are finally analyzed on the problems of landscape design and construction in public health urban planning, providing valuable reference for landscape design and construction in public health urban planning [25].


## 2.3. Problems in Landscape Design in Public Health City Planning

In the process of landscape design in public health urban planning, the collision between rational engineering technology and perceptual artistic thinking not only brings sparks of creativity, but also causes many problems, mainly in the following aspects:


### 2.3.1. The Current Design Concept Is Backward

In terms of landscape architecture design, China is still in the stage of reference and imitation, and even many design schemes have obvious traces of plagiarism. Designers lack personalized design awareness, environmental protection concept, and innovative thinking mode. The government has always advocated “green environmental protection.” We have been growing up under the slogan of “everyone is responsible for protecting the environment.” We live in cities that have always wanted to establish sound rules and regulations to stop environmental pollution. In addition, China is a multiethnic country, and each region and city has different cultural heritage and humanistic characteristics, which should be reflected in the urban landscape architecture. However, these cannot be achieved in the current urban landscape architecture design of most cities in China, resulting in the phenomenon of stereotyped, copied, nonenergy-saving, and nonenvironmental protection. Although the industrial revolution has brought us the possibility of “standardized and batch” production, it is not suitable for urban landscape design. We should avoid the appearance of excessive similarity, lack of individuality, and unsustainable development.


### 2.3.2. Insufficient Current Technical Level

Landscape architecture design is a field combining art and technology, involving a wide range of professional knowledge and a wide range of fields, such as architectural engineering, botany, soil biology, computer application, and energy-saving technology. This requires designers engaged in landscape architecture design to have various knowledge and skills at the same time. At present, many designers have difficulties to do so, which leads to the phenomenon of insufficient technical level in the design scheme. In addition to the insufficient technical level of personnel, the current construction technology is also lagging behind. After many excellent design schemes are produced, they cannot be realized due to the limitation of insufficient construction technology.


### 2.3.3. The Current Design Is Divorced from Reality

The design of landscape architecture is actually the design of people’s living environment. People living in different regions are in different living environments, and there are differences in climate, terrain, temperature, humidity, etc. In order to pursue economic benefits, the current landscape architecture design ignores the practical significance of design. Our requirements for ourselves are basically the requirements for the environment. Safety, comfort, convenience, and quickness are the main thrust of our life. The word “enjoy” will never change for small families or everyone. Whether enjoying a warm family or enjoying the fun of life, it needs to be set off by the surrounding environment. Designers have invested a lot in human and material resources, but why is it feasible in some places, while others cannot be compared? This is because the design scheme is divorced from reality, so designers should seriously tell themselves that it is necessary to be responsible for the design behavior.


## 2.3.1. The Current Design Concept Is Backward

In terms of landscape architecture design, China is still in the stage of reference and imitation, and even many design schemes have obvious traces of plagiarism. Designers lack personalized design awareness, environmental protection concept, and innovative thinking mode. The government has always advocated “green environmental protection.” We have been growing up under the slogan of “everyone is responsible for protecting the environment.” We live in cities that have always wanted to establish sound rules and regulations to stop environmental pollution. In addition, China is a multiethnic country, and each region and city has different cultural heritage and humanistic characteristics, which should be reflected in the urban landscape architecture. However, these cannot be achieved in the current urban landscape architecture design of most cities in China, resulting in the phenomenon of stereotyped, copied, nonenergy-saving, and nonenvironmental protection. Although the industrial revolution has brought us the possibility of “standardized and batch” production, it is not suitable for urban landscape design. We should avoid the appearance of excessive similarity, lack of individuality, and unsustainable development.


## 2.3.2. Insufficient Current Technical Level

Landscape architecture design is a field combining art and technology, involving a wide range of professional knowledge and a wide range of fields, such as architectural engineering, botany, soil biology, computer application, and energy-saving technology. This requires designers engaged in landscape architecture design to have various knowledge and skills at the same time. At present, many designers have difficulties to do so, which leads to the phenomenon of insufficient technical level in the design scheme. In addition to the insufficient technical level of personnel, the current construction technology is also lagging behind. After many excellent design schemes are produced, they cannot be realized due to the limitation of insufficient construction technology.


## 2.3.3. The Current Design Is Divorced from Reality

The design of landscape architecture is actually the design of people’s living environment. People living in different regions are in different living environments, and there are differences in climate, terrain, temperature, humidity, etc. In order to pursue economic benefits, the current landscape architecture design ignores the practical significance of design. Our requirements for ourselves are basically the requirements for the environment. Safety, comfort, convenience, and quickness are the main thrust of our life. The word “enjoy” will never change for small families or everyone. Whether enjoying a warm family or enjoying the fun of life, it needs to be set off by the surrounding environment. Designers have invested a lot in human and material resources, but why is it feasible in some places, while others cannot be compared? This is because the design scheme is divorced from reality, so designers should seriously tell themselves that it is necessary to be responsible for the design behavior.


## 2.4. Relationship between Landscape Design and Big Data in Public Health Urban Planning

In the landscape design of public health city planning, there are problems such as backward design concept, insufficient technical level, and design divorced from reality. The emergence of big data technology can largely solve these problems. The technical problems involved in landscape architecture design are difficult to solve for people with insufficient knowledge reserves, but not for big data computers with large data storage capacity and supercomputing capacity.Using intelligent design to transform garden design can not only let us have better leisure and entertainment but also let us participate in the environment more efficiently. For example, intelligent lighting enables us not only to be free from light pollution but also to be a free man living in harmony with nature. The combination of intelligent public facilities and background music not only brings a kind of enjoyment in life but also helps to alleviate people’s psychological pressure.A large part of the carriers of landscape design are green plants and public facilities. In the past, the park landscape was mostly for self-entertainment, while the big data landscape garden could share resources and help each other in environmental protection. Intelligent garden design is also conducive to the promotion of local human customs and complementing each other. It integrates multiple interests without violating the laws of nature.


## 3. Discussion on the Application of Big Data in the Planning Process

### 3.1. Use of Big Data in Planning

As an emerging research direction, big data has received increasing attention. Big data has caused an upsurge of planning and research through quantitative information in landscape architecture, playing a role in providing new technology or new methods at all stages of landscape planning. In the preliminary analysis of landscape planning, big data mainly introduces new survey methods, expands the data collection methods, and broadens the data collection scope. The added relevant information provides a basis for comprehensive, high-precision, and high granularity research. For example, in the data collection set, data on the characteristics of the user population and emotional information are added, and positioning information is collected through the network. The research in the planning stage focuses on the analysis stage, which is mainly used to discover and mine the relationship between related elements. New types of data commonly used in planning include location communication data, network text data, and network photos. Because it can reflect the spatial location and behavior of individuals, location-based access data is widely used in the identification of spatial functions, the analysis of space use and spatial structure, road planning, and other spatial related issues, as well as the analysis of space-time characteristics of crowd aggregation, crowd activity distribution, crowd behavior, and other analysis related to human activities. As social networks have the characteristics of wide coverage, fast propagation, and good interoperability, they are important channels for building public participatory planning and design. Online text data is generated with the development of social networks. By quantifying the text and finding the public’s concerns, interests, and emotional evaluation, it can be used to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of site management and to build an evaluation system. Network photos not only contain location data but also reflect the current situation of the site. Overlaying this visualized big data on the map can evaluate the space quality, street greening, and road landscape, which is of positive significance to improve the landscape. In the later stage of planning and design, big data mainly enriched the public’s feedback platform and established an online communication network for the public, planners, and decision-makers through social networks and mobile terminals.


### 3.2. Comparison of Data Analysis Methods

While big data brings quantitative analysis to landscape planning, it also introduces new analysis methods. There are two analysis methods for text information, high-frequency word analysis and emotion analysis. High-frequency word analysis is similar to our common frequency distribution, but there are some differences. Frequency distribution is an effective analysis method, which divides the variable value into several intervals according to a certain interval value, and represents the distribution value of each interval. High-frequency word analysis is an analysis method that aims at text data, counts the frequency of each word occurrence, and ranks them according to the number of occurrences, so as to reflect people’s concerns. Although both methods are based on frequency analysis, there are differences between the two methods in terms of objects, methods, scope, etc. The comparison between the two methods is shown in Table1.Table 1
Comparison of frequency analysis methods.
ProjectHigh-frequency word analysisFrequency distributionApplication objectText dataData valueData sourcesNetwork media textSite investigation or official provisionData natureLong time attributeComparative time periods are selectedApplication methodSortAfter setting the interval, it indicates the distribution valueScope of applicationPoints of interest for finding peopleIt is often used to master the frequency distribution of visitorsEmotional analysis is similar to the traditional psychological experimental investigation and analysis. Emotional analysis is the software analysis of words in travel notes or comments, analyzing words with emotional color and understanding tourists’ evaluation and overall impression of the scenic spot. The psychological experiment is to find out the influence of space environment on psychology. It is the same way to quantify psychological feelings. It can be seen from the definition that although both analysis methods are aimed at the user’s feelings, attitudes, preferences, and impressions, the emotional analysis is to collect and summarize the words expressing their emotions without the user’s knowledge, so as to analyze their emotional attitudes towards the research site. The psychological experiment is to quantify the psychological feelings by means of questionnaire survey when the respondents are informed. Specific differences are shown in Table2.Table 2
Comparison of psychoanalysis methods.
Emotional analysisPsychologyApplication objectWritten wordsPsychological feelingsRelationship of respondentsUnknownField experimentData processingAnalyze the proportion of different emotional words by dividing words into emotional colorsQuantification of psychological feelingScope of applicationQuantify emotions, analyze users’ emotional attitudes, and find out the relationship between space environment and psychologyIn the research, the author found that the thermal map combined with TBI browsing data method can be used to study the use of space. The thermal map can reflect the activity characteristics of the crowd in real time, while TBI browsing data can reflect the concerns and characteristics of the crowd. The combination of the two can help planners understand the distribution of people’s behavior and activities and the reasons behind them. Its function is similar to the action observation method, which can be applied to large range, adult flow, large time span of research sites.In the age of big data, many new analysis methods have emerged. These methods may be similar to or have the same functions as traditional analysis methods. There may also be different data sources, different application objects, and different data processing methods. However, both new analysis methods and traditional analysis methods are desirable as long as they can truly reflect the actual situation and provide scientific basis for planning.


### 3.3. Network Media Data and Participatory Landscape Planning

Network media data is particularly important for building public participatory landscape planning and design. Considering the overall planning structure, the role of network media data in analysis, evaluation, and management is only described in the planning procedure, without a systematic introduction to its role in building public participation in planning and design. With the rise of “humanism,” public participation in planning and design has become a hot trend. Network media is a platform for people to express their feelings and ideas, which can be used to build a communication platform among planners, the public, and decision-makers. At the early stage of the planning, the network media data can feed back the needs of the public, and it is also an important supplement to the site information. In the planning, the activity characteristics and emotional changes of the crowd can be analyzed through the network positioning data and the network text data, and the relationship between the user’s emotional changes and the environment can be found to plan and design the site. The network media data is an indispensable resource for the evaluation and management in the later stage of planning. Through the collection and analysis of network media data, problems in planning and design can be found in time, which is conducive to the transformation of planning and design. It can be seen that the network media data enable the planning designers to better understand the needs of the crowd, expand the communication platform, and lay a foundation for planning and designing better works.


### 3.4. Conventional Planning Data and Big Data

In addition to new big data types, traditional data is still the basis of planning and design. In the planning process, although the utilization rate of various conventional data is high, the breadth and depth of data utilization are not enough. Even so, in the process of using data, we should put big data and conventional data in the same important position and cannot blindly pursue and rely on big data. Conventional data cannot be ignored or even discarded because of the rise of microblog positioning, mobile phone signaling, bus swiping, and POI data. Conventional data and big data are mutually verified, supplemented, and reconstructed. When analyzing the temporal and spatial changes of a large range of sites, big data can give play to its advantages of large samples and fast collection speed. However, for small sites, big data cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of the site due to its high universality to meet the needs of users. In the era of big data, we seek to integrate multiple data and consider issues comprehensively. That is, we should continue to collect conventional landscape planning data and emerging planning big data, set a unified standard, compare and verify the data with each other, and screen and clean the data to ensure the quality of the data, so as to give full play to the actual value of big data. Because wrong information cannot guide the planning and design, it will cause greater losses.


## 3.1. Use of Big Data in Planning

As an emerging research direction, big data has received increasing attention. Big data has caused an upsurge of planning and research through quantitative information in landscape architecture, playing a role in providing new technology or new methods at all stages of landscape planning. In the preliminary analysis of landscape planning, big data mainly introduces new survey methods, expands the data collection methods, and broadens the data collection scope. The added relevant information provides a basis for comprehensive, high-precision, and high granularity research. For example, in the data collection set, data on the characteristics of the user population and emotional information are added, and positioning information is collected through the network. The research in the planning stage focuses on the analysis stage, which is mainly used to discover and mine the relationship between related elements. New types of data commonly used in planning include location communication data, network text data, and network photos. Because it can reflect the spatial location and behavior of individuals, location-based access data is widely used in the identification of spatial functions, the analysis of space use and spatial structure, road planning, and other spatial related issues, as well as the analysis of space-time characteristics of crowd aggregation, crowd activity distribution, crowd behavior, and other analysis related to human activities. As social networks have the characteristics of wide coverage, fast propagation, and good interoperability, they are important channels for building public participatory planning and design. Online text data is generated with the development of social networks. By quantifying the text and finding the public’s concerns, interests, and emotional evaluation, it can be used to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of site management and to build an evaluation system. Network photos not only contain location data but also reflect the current situation of the site. Overlaying this visualized big data on the map can evaluate the space quality, street greening, and road landscape, which is of positive significance to improve the landscape. In the later stage of planning and design, big data mainly enriched the public’s feedback platform and established an online communication network for the public, planners, and decision-makers through social networks and mobile terminals.


## 3.2. Comparison of Data Analysis Methods

While big data brings quantitative analysis to landscape planning, it also introduces new analysis methods. There are two analysis methods for text information, high-frequency word analysis and emotion analysis. High-frequency word analysis is similar to our common frequency distribution, but there are some differences. Frequency distribution is an effective analysis method, which divides the variable value into several intervals according to a certain interval value, and represents the distribution value of each interval. High-frequency word analysis is an analysis method that aims at text data, counts the frequency of each word occurrence, and ranks them according to the number of occurrences, so as to reflect people’s concerns. Although both methods are based on frequency analysis, there are differences between the two methods in terms of objects, methods, scope, etc. The comparison between the two methods is shown in Table1.Table 1
Comparison of frequency analysis methods.
ProjectHigh-frequency word analysisFrequency distributionApplication objectText dataData valueData sourcesNetwork media textSite investigation or official provisionData natureLong time attributeComparative time periods are selectedApplication methodSortAfter setting the interval, it indicates the distribution valueScope of applicationPoints of interest for finding peopleIt is often used to master the frequency distribution of visitorsEmotional analysis is similar to the traditional psychological experimental investigation and analysis. Emotional analysis is the software analysis of words in travel notes or comments, analyzing words with emotional color and understanding tourists’ evaluation and overall impression of the scenic spot. The psychological experiment is to find out the influence of space environment on psychology. It is the same way to quantify psychological feelings. It can be seen from the definition that although both analysis methods are aimed at the user’s feelings, attitudes, preferences, and impressions, the emotional analysis is to collect and summarize the words expressing their emotions without the user’s knowledge, so as to analyze their emotional attitudes towards the research site. The psychological experiment is to quantify the psychological feelings by means of questionnaire survey when the respondents are informed. Specific differences are shown in Table2.Table 2
Comparison of psychoanalysis methods.
Emotional analysisPsychologyApplication objectWritten wordsPsychological feelingsRelationship of respondentsUnknownField experimentData processingAnalyze the proportion of different emotional words by dividing words into emotional colorsQuantification of psychological feelingScope of applicationQuantify emotions, analyze users’ emotional attitudes, and find out the relationship between space environment and psychologyIn the research, the author found that the thermal map combined with TBI browsing data method can be used to study the use of space. The thermal map can reflect the activity characteristics of the crowd in real time, while TBI browsing data can reflect the concerns and characteristics of the crowd. The combination of the two can help planners understand the distribution of people’s behavior and activities and the reasons behind them. Its function is similar to the action observation method, which can be applied to large range, adult flow, large time span of research sites.In the age of big data, many new analysis methods have emerged. These methods may be similar to or have the same functions as traditional analysis methods. There may also be different data sources, different application objects, and different data processing methods. However, both new analysis methods and traditional analysis methods are desirable as long as they can truly reflect the actual situation and provide scientific basis for planning.


## 3.3. Network Media Data and Participatory Landscape Planning

Network media data is particularly important for building public participatory landscape planning and design. Considering the overall planning structure, the role of network media data in analysis, evaluation, and management is only described in the planning procedure, without a systematic introduction to its role in building public participation in planning and design. With the rise of “humanism,” public participation in planning and design has become a hot trend. Network media is a platform for people to express their feelings and ideas, which can be used to build a communication platform among planners, the public, and decision-makers. At the early stage of the planning, the network media data can feed back the needs of the public, and it is also an important supplement to the site information. In the planning, the activity characteristics and emotional changes of the crowd can be analyzed through the network positioning data and the network text data, and the relationship between the user’s emotional changes and the environment can be found to plan and design the site. The network media data is an indispensable resource for the evaluation and management in the later stage of planning. Through the collection and analysis of network media data, problems in planning and design can be found in time, which is conducive to the transformation of planning and design. It can be seen that the network media data enable the planning designers to better understand the needs of the crowd, expand the communication platform, and lay a foundation for planning and designing better works.


## 3.4. Conventional Planning Data and Big Data

In addition to new big data types, traditional data is still the basis of planning and design. In the planning process, although the utilization rate of various conventional data is high, the breadth and depth of data utilization are not enough. Even so, in the process of using data, we should put big data and conventional data in the same important position and cannot blindly pursue and rely on big data. Conventional data cannot be ignored or even discarded because of the rise of microblog positioning, mobile phone signaling, bus swiping, and POI data. Conventional data and big data are mutually verified, supplemented, and reconstructed. When analyzing the temporal and spatial changes of a large range of sites, big data can give play to its advantages of large samples and fast collection speed. However, for small sites, big data cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of the site due to its high universality to meet the needs of users. In the era of big data, we seek to integrate multiple data and consider issues comprehensively. That is, we should continue to collect conventional landscape planning data and emerging planning big data, set a unified standard, compare and verify the data with each other, and screen and clean the data to ensure the quality of the data, so as to give full play to the actual value of big data. Because wrong information cannot guide the planning and design, it will cause greater losses.


## 4. Research on Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning Based on Grey Relational Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithm

### 4.1. “Three-Dimensional Index Model” of Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning

Under the indicator of the effectiveness of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning, three three-level indicators are set, as shown in Table3.Table 3
Evaluation index model of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning.
Primary indexSecondary indexLevel III indicatorsQuantitative index model of different landscape design methods and combination of grey relational degree and machine learningEffectiveness of landscape design subjects (A)Capital ratio (A1)Site ratio (A2)Personnel ratio (A3)Number of hosted projects (A4)Number of training participants (A5)Number of papers published (A6)Internet platform activity (A7)Participation of nonstudent workers (A8)Effectiveness of landscape design process (B)Weibo influence index (B1)WeChat WCI index (B2)QQ platform activity (B3)Shift occupancy rate (B4)Financial media construction (B5)Core team ratio (B6)Product quantity (B7)Product quality (award winning) (B8)Number of interactive activities (B9)Interactive communication coverage (B10)Effectiveness of landscape design outcomes (C)Party membership application rate (C1)Participation rate of public welfare activities (C2)Failure rate (C3)Library running rate (C4)Library running rate (C4)Advanced collective of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning (C6)On this basis, we will introduce the grey relational analysis and machine learning algorithm model proposed for landscape design in public health urban planning.


### 4.2. Algorithm Research Based on Grey Relational Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithm Model

#### 4.2.1. Fuzzy c-Means

The objective function formula of FCM is shown in(1)Jm=∑i=1N∑j=1Cuijmxi−cj2,1≤m<∞.Membership degree isUij and cluster center is Cj. The calculation formula of iterative update is expressed as [20–22]
(2)uij=1∑k=1Cxi−cj/xi−ck2/m−1,cj=∑i=1Nuijm⋅xi∑i=1Nuijm.The termination condition of iteration update is(3)maxijuijk+1−uijk<δ.Because FCM is an unsupervised algorithm, there is a problem of validity test. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the algorithm through some clustering evaluation indicators. The commonly used clustering evaluation indicators include entropy, Pearson correlation coefficient, mutual information, and Davies-Bouldin index [23].


#### 4.2.2. Adjust Mutual Information

Assuming the distributions of samples, the entropy of the two distributions are(4)HU=∑i=1UPilogPi,HV=∑j=1VP′jlogP′j.Then, the mutual information betweenu and V can be expressed as
(5)MIU,V=∑i=1U∑j=1VPi,jlogPi,jPiP′j.The closer the AMI value is to 1, the more consistent the sample point is with the actual category.(6)AMI=MI‐EMImeanHU,HV−EMI.


#### 4.2.3. Feature Selection Method

The implementation steps of AMISR are as follows:Then, the matrix formed by themth feature of all n sample signals is shown in
(7)OFm=F11mF12m⋯F1NmF21mF22m⋯F2Nm⋮⋮⋱⋮FC1mFC2m⋯FCNm,SDcm=1N−1∑i=1NScim−Scm¯2,Scm¯=1N∑i=1NScim.Then, after calculation, the standard deviations of allC states are constructed in turn, and the standard deviation set of the mth feature is obtained as SD1m,SD2m,⋯SDCm, and sum it to get
(8)SSDm=∑j=1MSDjm.The calculation formula of AMISR is defined to obtain the AMISR value sequence, and the calculation method is shown in(9)AMISRm=AMImSDm,m=1,2,Λ,M.


#### 4.2.4. Support Vector Machine

In the course of decades of development, support vector machine has been improved and perfected many times by hard margin [24], soft margin, kernel function, and other methods, gradually theorized as a part of statistical learning theory, and has been successfully applied in pattern classification tasks in many fields, as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Linear support vector machine partitioning interface.In order to divide as many sample data as possible correctly, SVM must first obtain the optimal separation hyperplane that maximizes the spacing between different categories of samples.


### 4.3. Extreme Learning Machine

Compared with the traditional feedforward fuzzy complex set-valued measure learning, elm has faster training speed and better generalization performance while ensuring accuracy, as shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Structure of extreme learning machine.Figure2 shows the typical structure of elm, which is usually composed of input layer, hidden layer, and output layer. The neurons between different network layers are fully connected.Suppose a single hidden layer fuzzy complex set-valued measure learning withL hidden nodes can be expressed as
(10)∑i=1LβigWi⋅Xj+bi=oj,j=1,2,⋯,N,HW1,W2,⋯,WL;b1,b2,⋯,bL;X1,X2,⋯,XL=gW1⋅X1+b1⋯gWL⋅X1+bL⋮⋯⋮gW1⋅XN+b1⋯gWL⋅XN+bLN×L,β=β1T⋮βLTL×m,T=T1T⋮TNTN×m


### 4.4. Fuzzy Complex Valued Measure Learning Structure

#### 4.4.1. Convolution Layer

The convolution layer usually contains a set of convolution kernels. Each convolution kernel only convolutes the local area of the input signal or the feature map and then integrates the local features in the next level network to obtain the global feature map.


#### 4.4.2. Activation Layer

The nonlinear mapping of the input features of the convolution layer is realized through the activation function, and the features in the original multidimensional space are mapped to another space to increase the linear separability of the data.


#### 4.4.3. Pool Layer

In the structure of fuzzy complex set-valued measure learning, the pooling layer is usually placed between continuous convolution layers, which is used to realize the downsampling operation of the feature map and reduce the feature map step by step, so as to reduce the parameters and computation in the network and control overfitting, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Pooling operation diagram.


#### 4.4.4. Full Connection Layer

Form the input of the full connection layer and then through the hidden layer using the ReLu function as the activation function, combined with the softmax function to realize the output of the classification results. Its structure is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Schematic diagram of fully connected layer.


### 4.5. Verification of the Evaluation Model of Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning

The training result is shown in Figure5. After 1282 iterations, the error value reaches 0.0009929. The actual output shown in Figure 5 is very close to the expected output result, and the error between the actual output value and the expected output value reaches the preset target; Table 4 shows the evaluation results of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning. The evaluations of different evaluation method are classified based on the evaluation methods of grey correlation and machine learning algorithms. The error between the expected value and the actual output value of the evaluation is very small, which meets the consistency requirements of the evaluation, as shown in Figure 5. It is worth mentioning that in Figure 6, the different output results of the grey correlation and machine learning algorithms proposed in this paper and the original algorithm are shown.Figure 5
Training curve of machine learning algorithm.Table 4
Evaluation results of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning.
Different garden design methodsTraining resultsTraining classificationExpected valueUC10.6707Good0.6968UC20.7336Good0.7410UC30.7193Good0.7405UC40.6679Good0.6984UC50.8011Excellent0.8067UC60.6625Good0.6417UC70.6112Good0.5741UC80.7513Good0.7516UC90.6352Good0.6350UC100.6612Good0.6432UC110.7311Good0.7246UC120.5792Commonly0.5852UC130.7681Good0.7695UC140.7331Good0.7238UC150.6451Good0.6383Figure 6
Actual output and expected output.Through the verification of simulation examples, Figure7 shows the excellent performance of the algorithm based on the combination of grey correlation degree and mechanical learning proposed in this paper.Figure 7
Output value of test sample.


## 4.1. “Three-Dimensional Index Model” of Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning

Under the indicator of the effectiveness of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning, three three-level indicators are set, as shown in Table3.Table 3
Evaluation index model of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning.
Primary indexSecondary indexLevel III indicatorsQuantitative index model of different landscape design methods and combination of grey relational degree and machine learningEffectiveness of landscape design subjects (A)Capital ratio (A1)Site ratio (A2)Personnel ratio (A3)Number of hosted projects (A4)Number of training participants (A5)Number of papers published (A6)Internet platform activity (A7)Participation of nonstudent workers (A8)Effectiveness of landscape design process (B)Weibo influence index (B1)WeChat WCI index (B2)QQ platform activity (B3)Shift occupancy rate (B4)Financial media construction (B5)Core team ratio (B6)Product quantity (B7)Product quality (award winning) (B8)Number of interactive activities (B9)Interactive communication coverage (B10)Effectiveness of landscape design outcomes (C)Party membership application rate (C1)Participation rate of public welfare activities (C2)Failure rate (C3)Library running rate (C4)Library running rate (C4)Advanced collective of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning (C6)On this basis, we will introduce the grey relational analysis and machine learning algorithm model proposed for landscape design in public health urban planning.


## 4.2. Algorithm Research Based on Grey Relational Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithm Model

### 4.2.1. Fuzzy c-Means

The objective function formula of FCM is shown in(1)Jm=∑i=1N∑j=1Cuijmxi−cj2,1≤m<∞.Membership degree isUij and cluster center is Cj. The calculation formula of iterative update is expressed as [20–22]
(2)uij=1∑k=1Cxi−cj/xi−ck2/m−1,cj=∑i=1Nuijm⋅xi∑i=1Nuijm.The termination condition of iteration update is(3)maxijuijk+1−uijk<δ.Because FCM is an unsupervised algorithm, there is a problem of validity test. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the algorithm through some clustering evaluation indicators. The commonly used clustering evaluation indicators include entropy, Pearson correlation coefficient, mutual information, and Davies-Bouldin index [23].


### 4.2.2. Adjust Mutual Information

Assuming the distributions of samples, the entropy of the two distributions are(4)HU=∑i=1UPilogPi,HV=∑j=1VP′jlogP′j.Then, the mutual information betweenu and V can be expressed as
(5)MIU,V=∑i=1U∑j=1VPi,jlogPi,jPiP′j.The closer the AMI value is to 1, the more consistent the sample point is with the actual category.(6)AMI=MI‐EMImeanHU,HV−EMI.


### 4.2.3. Feature Selection Method

The implementation steps of AMISR are as follows:Then, the matrix formed by themth feature of all n sample signals is shown in
(7)OFm=F11mF12m⋯F1NmF21mF22m⋯F2Nm⋮⋮⋱⋮FC1mFC2m⋯FCNm,SDcm=1N−1∑i=1NScim−Scm¯2,Scm¯=1N∑i=1NScim.Then, after calculation, the standard deviations of allC states are constructed in turn, and the standard deviation set of the mth feature is obtained as SD1m,SD2m,⋯SDCm, and sum it to get
(8)SSDm=∑j=1MSDjm.The calculation formula of AMISR is defined to obtain the AMISR value sequence, and the calculation method is shown in(9)AMISRm=AMImSDm,m=1,2,Λ,M.


### 4.2.4. Support Vector Machine

In the course of decades of development, support vector machine has been improved and perfected many times by hard margin [24], soft margin, kernel function, and other methods, gradually theorized as a part of statistical learning theory, and has been successfully applied in pattern classification tasks in many fields, as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Linear support vector machine partitioning interface.In order to divide as many sample data as possible correctly, SVM must first obtain the optimal separation hyperplane that maximizes the spacing between different categories of samples.


## 4.2.1. Fuzzy c-Means

The objective function formula of FCM is shown in(1)Jm=∑i=1N∑j=1Cuijmxi−cj2,1≤m<∞.Membership degree isUij and cluster center is Cj. The calculation formula of iterative update is expressed as [20–22]
(2)uij=1∑k=1Cxi−cj/xi−ck2/m−1,cj=∑i=1Nuijm⋅xi∑i=1Nuijm.The termination condition of iteration update is(3)maxijuijk+1−uijk<δ.Because FCM is an unsupervised algorithm, there is a problem of validity test. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the algorithm through some clustering evaluation indicators. The commonly used clustering evaluation indicators include entropy, Pearson correlation coefficient, mutual information, and Davies-Bouldin index [23].


## 4.2.2. Adjust Mutual Information

Assuming the distributions of samples, the entropy of the two distributions are(4)HU=∑i=1UPilogPi,HV=∑j=1VP′jlogP′j.Then, the mutual information betweenu and V can be expressed as
(5)MIU,V=∑i=1U∑j=1VPi,jlogPi,jPiP′j.The closer the AMI value is to 1, the more consistent the sample point is with the actual category.(6)AMI=MI‐EMImeanHU,HV−EMI.


## 4.2.3. Feature Selection Method

The implementation steps of AMISR are as follows:Then, the matrix formed by themth feature of all n sample signals is shown in
(7)OFm=F11mF12m⋯F1NmF21mF22m⋯F2Nm⋮⋮⋱⋮FC1mFC2m⋯FCNm,SDcm=1N−1∑i=1NScim−Scm¯2,Scm¯=1N∑i=1NScim.Then, after calculation, the standard deviations of allC states are constructed in turn, and the standard deviation set of the mth feature is obtained as SD1m,SD2m,⋯SDCm, and sum it to get
(8)SSDm=∑j=1MSDjm.The calculation formula of AMISR is defined to obtain the AMISR value sequence, and the calculation method is shown in(9)AMISRm=AMImSDm,m=1,2,Λ,M.


## 4.2.4. Support Vector Machine

In the course of decades of development, support vector machine has been improved and perfected many times by hard margin [24], soft margin, kernel function, and other methods, gradually theorized as a part of statistical learning theory, and has been successfully applied in pattern classification tasks in many fields, as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Linear support vector machine partitioning interface.In order to divide as many sample data as possible correctly, SVM must first obtain the optimal separation hyperplane that maximizes the spacing between different categories of samples.


## 4.3. Extreme Learning Machine

Compared with the traditional feedforward fuzzy complex set-valued measure learning, elm has faster training speed and better generalization performance while ensuring accuracy, as shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Structure of extreme learning machine.Figure2 shows the typical structure of elm, which is usually composed of input layer, hidden layer, and output layer. The neurons between different network layers are fully connected.Suppose a single hidden layer fuzzy complex set-valued measure learning withL hidden nodes can be expressed as
(10)∑i=1LβigWi⋅Xj+bi=oj,j=1,2,⋯,N,HW1,W2,⋯,WL;b1,b2,⋯,bL;X1,X2,⋯,XL=gW1⋅X1+b1⋯gWL⋅X1+bL⋮⋯⋮gW1⋅XN+b1⋯gWL⋅XN+bLN×L,β=β1T⋮βLTL×m,T=T1T⋮TNTN×m


## 4.4. Fuzzy Complex Valued Measure Learning Structure

### 4.4.1. Convolution Layer

The convolution layer usually contains a set of convolution kernels. Each convolution kernel only convolutes the local area of the input signal or the feature map and then integrates the local features in the next level network to obtain the global feature map.


### 4.4.2. Activation Layer

The nonlinear mapping of the input features of the convolution layer is realized through the activation function, and the features in the original multidimensional space are mapped to another space to increase the linear separability of the data.


### 4.4.3. Pool Layer

In the structure of fuzzy complex set-valued measure learning, the pooling layer is usually placed between continuous convolution layers, which is used to realize the downsampling operation of the feature map and reduce the feature map step by step, so as to reduce the parameters and computation in the network and control overfitting, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Pooling operation diagram.


### 4.4.4. Full Connection Layer

Form the input of the full connection layer and then through the hidden layer using the ReLu function as the activation function, combined with the softmax function to realize the output of the classification results. Its structure is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Schematic diagram of fully connected layer.


## 4.4.1. Convolution Layer

The convolution layer usually contains a set of convolution kernels. Each convolution kernel only convolutes the local area of the input signal or the feature map and then integrates the local features in the next level network to obtain the global feature map.


## 4.4.2. Activation Layer

The nonlinear mapping of the input features of the convolution layer is realized through the activation function, and the features in the original multidimensional space are mapped to another space to increase the linear separability of the data.


## 4.4.3. Pool Layer

In the structure of fuzzy complex set-valued measure learning, the pooling layer is usually placed between continuous convolution layers, which is used to realize the downsampling operation of the feature map and reduce the feature map step by step, so as to reduce the parameters and computation in the network and control overfitting, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Pooling operation diagram.


## 4.4.4. Full Connection Layer

Form the input of the full connection layer and then through the hidden layer using the ReLu function as the activation function, combined with the softmax function to realize the output of the classification results. Its structure is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Schematic diagram of fully connected layer.


## 4.5. Verification of the Evaluation Model of Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning

The training result is shown in Figure5. After 1282 iterations, the error value reaches 0.0009929. The actual output shown in Figure 5 is very close to the expected output result, and the error between the actual output value and the expected output value reaches the preset target; Table 4 shows the evaluation results of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning. The evaluations of different evaluation method are classified based on the evaluation methods of grey correlation and machine learning algorithms. The error between the expected value and the actual output value of the evaluation is very small, which meets the consistency requirements of the evaluation, as shown in Figure 5. It is worth mentioning that in Figure 6, the different output results of the grey correlation and machine learning algorithms proposed in this paper and the original algorithm are shown.Figure 5
Training curve of machine learning algorithm.Table 4
Evaluation results of garden landscape design method in public health urban planning.
Different garden design methodsTraining resultsTraining classificationExpected valueUC10.6707Good0.6968UC20.7336Good0.7410UC30.7193Good0.7405UC40.6679Good0.6984UC50.8011Excellent0.8067UC60.6625Good0.6417UC70.6112Good0.5741UC80.7513Good0.7516UC90.6352Good0.6350UC100.6612Good0.6432UC110.7311Good0.7246UC120.5792Commonly0.5852UC130.7681Good0.7695UC140.7331Good0.7238UC150.6451Good0.6383Figure 6
Actual output and expected output.Through the verification of simulation examples, Figure7 shows the excellent performance of the algorithm based on the combination of grey correlation degree and mechanical learning proposed in this paper.Figure 7
Output value of test sample.


## 5. The Development Trend of Big Data Analysis Technology in Landscape Design in Public Health Urban Planning

Nowadays, Internet information technology has been integrated into people’s work and life and has had a greater impact on people’s lifestyle, providing convenience for people’s lives. At the same time, in the urban planning and construction of our country, the role of landscape architecture in urban construction is becoming increasingly prominent. In order to improve the role of landscape architecture in the city, we should not only improve the beauty of landscape architecture but also improve the health of landscape architecture. State the role of urban construction. Nowadays, big data technology is used in landscape architecture planning and construction to promote the development of landscape architecture in China.


### 5.1. Development Process of Big Data in Landscape Planning and Design Research

In the process of landscape architecture planning and design research, landscape architecture construction is mainly planned and designed according to the green space area and green space quality of the city and closely combined with the development degree and trend of the city. At present, the application of big data technology in landscape architecture planning and design research mainly goes through two stages: from phenomenon description to planning guidance and from planning guidance to cause analysis.First is from phenomenon description to planning guidance stage. In the application process of big data information technology, people’s dynamic spatial activities are described in detail mainly through the use of technology. At this stage, they mainly stay at the level of description technology, unable to accurately obtain the specific location. However, with the application of Internet data, social network data, mobile communication data, and other aspects, people’s space can be understood from many aspects of activities. At the same time, it is also possible to understand the scope of people’s activities and the personnel density of each activity scope through the data analysis of each platform and plan the scale of landscape architecture construction according to the population distribution, so as to achieve the purpose of rational allocation and use of green space resources. At present, big data technology is used in landscape planning and design research as an auxiliary tool to improve the utilization rate of urban green space.Second is from planning guidance to cause analysis measures. At the beginning of the application of information technology, landscape architecture mainly focuses on the research of landscape planning and construction. With the further development of information technology, people can obtain more information through information technology, which is more accurate. The analysis of urban landscape planning through big data technology can reflect the use and distribution of green space of landscape architecture and make reasonable planning according to the current use to reduce damage and pollution to the urban environment. With the application of big data technology, problems in urban landscape planning and construction can be found, and targeted solutions can be proposed.


### 5.2. Prospect of Big Data Application in Landscape Architecture Planning and Construction

At present, big data technology has been used in social development and construction, promoting the development of various industries. In landscape architecture planning and construction, urban space is mainly planned through big data technology, and urban resources are adjusted and optimized according to the development trend of the city and the current social needs. Today, economic big data, medical and health big data, etc. all provide a basis for social development. Through the analysis of big data information technology, all sectors of society understand people’s needs and provide accurate services for people. In terms of landscape architecture planning and design research, learn about the current advanced technology of landscape architecture construction and people’s preferences for landscape architecture through big data. At the same time, it also analyzes the effect of landscape architecture on the improvement of urban ecological environment. According to the data results of big data analysis, it guides the further improvement of landscape architecture planning and construction in China, especially for the planning and construction of scenic spots, so as to improve the viewing quality of scenic spots as a whole.


## 5.1. Development Process of Big Data in Landscape Planning and Design Research

In the process of landscape architecture planning and design research, landscape architecture construction is mainly planned and designed according to the green space area and green space quality of the city and closely combined with the development degree and trend of the city. At present, the application of big data technology in landscape architecture planning and design research mainly goes through two stages: from phenomenon description to planning guidance and from planning guidance to cause analysis.First is from phenomenon description to planning guidance stage. In the application process of big data information technology, people’s dynamic spatial activities are described in detail mainly through the use of technology. At this stage, they mainly stay at the level of description technology, unable to accurately obtain the specific location. However, with the application of Internet data, social network data, mobile communication data, and other aspects, people’s space can be understood from many aspects of activities. At the same time, it is also possible to understand the scope of people’s activities and the personnel density of each activity scope through the data analysis of each platform and plan the scale of landscape architecture construction according to the population distribution, so as to achieve the purpose of rational allocation and use of green space resources. At present, big data technology is used in landscape planning and design research as an auxiliary tool to improve the utilization rate of urban green space.Second is from planning guidance to cause analysis measures. At the beginning of the application of information technology, landscape architecture mainly focuses on the research of landscape planning and construction. With the further development of information technology, people can obtain more information through information technology, which is more accurate. The analysis of urban landscape planning through big data technology can reflect the use and distribution of green space of landscape architecture and make reasonable planning according to the current use to reduce damage and pollution to the urban environment. With the application of big data technology, problems in urban landscape planning and construction can be found, and targeted solutions can be proposed.


## 5.2. Prospect of Big Data Application in Landscape Architecture Planning and Construction

At present, big data technology has been used in social development and construction, promoting the development of various industries. In landscape architecture planning and construction, urban space is mainly planned through big data technology, and urban resources are adjusted and optimized according to the development trend of the city and the current social needs. Today, economic big data, medical and health big data, etc. all provide a basis for social development. Through the analysis of big data information technology, all sectors of society understand people’s needs and provide accurate services for people. In terms of landscape architecture planning and design research, learn about the current advanced technology of landscape architecture construction and people’s preferences for landscape architecture through big data. At the same time, it also analyzes the effect of landscape architecture on the improvement of urban ecological environment. According to the data results of big data analysis, it guides the further improvement of landscape architecture planning and construction in China, especially for the planning and construction of scenic spots, so as to improve the viewing quality of scenic spots as a whole.


## 6. Conclusion

With the development and application of information technology, the application of big data information technology has broken the status quo of traditional information technology and improved the accuracy and comprehensiveness of information technology in obtaining various information. Using big data information technology to simulate urban population, transportation, construction, transportation, industry, etc. and then carry out reasonable planning and design for landscape projects improves the utilization rate of urban green space, improves the overall city appearance, and improves the urban ecological environment as a whole. “Landscape design method in public health urban planning” has complex information, diverse content, and different data forms. By applying the design method proposed in this paper based on the combination of grey correlation degree and mechanical learning algorithm, it is verified by simulation experiments. It can be well proved that the methods proposed in this paper can effectively solve the “intangible cultural heritage” planning problem information and environmental resources. Big data analysis makes content delivery more accurate and helps to improve the speed and efficiency of its cultural dissemination.



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*Source: 2721247-2022-10-11.xml*