# Research on PKIM Energy Construction Engineering Software System Based on Building BIM Technology

Authors: Ying Fu
Journal: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
 (2022)

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## Abstract

In order to study building BIM technology PKIM energy building engineering software system, firstly, the building collaborative platform based on BIM technology and PKPM professional software BIM technology application is constructed. Then, it introduces that PKPM connects all aspects of construction projects through the core 3D data model and takes the lead in realizing the BIM concept of information datalization, data modeling, and model generalization, thus realizing the full utilization of building model data in the whole life cycle. Finally, this paper introduces the seismic analysis method of structure based on BIM platform, taking a complex building with a transfer storey structure as an example. The experiment shows that the BIM model can be used to analyze and calculate the building performance, such as sunshine, energy consumption, daylighting, and evacuation of people, and complete the green building design. The BIM model can also generate professional construction drawings of buildings, structures, and equipment.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has been proposed in the outline of informatization development of construction industry from 2011 to 2015 to accelerate the promotion of the application of BIM, collaborative design, virtual reality, 4D project management, and other technologies in survey and design, construction, and engineering project management; improve the traditional production and management mode; and improve the production efficiency and management level of enterprises [1]. Focus on the research and application of intelligence, visualization, model design, collaboration, and other technologies, integrate the main engineering design software, and create the engineering design collaborative work platform; actively promote the popularization and application of collaborative design technology, change the communication mode of engineering design through collaborative design technology, reduce the occurrence of errors such as “mistakes, omissions, collisions and deficiencies,” and improve the quality of designed products. BIM, namely, building information modeling, is an engineering data model based on three-dimensional digital technology, integrating various relevant information of construction projects. It is a detailed digital expression of relevant information of engineering projects. BIM is the work object of the whole team, which can be repeatedly used by different participants from different angles to improve the work efficiency and data consistency of all participants at all stages (Figure 1). Therefore, the essence of BIM is to realize the full mutual use of information among various disciplines in the construction industry and improve the reuse rate of construction information, so as to reduce construction costs and improve production efficiency [2].Figure 1
Architecture of building information model (BIM).The first mock exam is used to build the model data of PKPM building engineering software system. The models are common, and the models are multiple. The model data is completely three-dimensional, object-oriented, and parametric, which is very convenient for modification and query. The view can be refreshed in real time for any modification of objects. Through the core three-dimensional data model, PKPM connects the conceptual design, architectural design, structural design, equipment design, construction drawing design, engineering quantity calculation, cost statement, construction management, and other links of the construction project and takes the lead in realizing the BIM concept of information digitization, data modeling, and model generalization. Then, the full utilization of building model data in the whole life cycle is realized. Various professional modules of PKPM have conducted extensive research and application in BIM technologies such as data core and data drive, 3D design visualization, parametric design, two-way link between model and construction drawing, data scalability, intelligent statistics, collision inspection, and virtual roaming. BIM technology application covers professional software in many fields [3].


## 2. Literature Review

Xie et al. believe that with the transformation of China’s architectural development situation and the rapid growth of engineering construction to the stage of stable development, the concept of building a city is not only the pursuit of modernization but also pays more attention to green, environmental protection, humanities, wisdom, and livability. The traditional construction mode has been unable to meet the current needs of building quality and efficiency [4]. Zhang, J. et al. analyzed the characteristics of building information model integration process and found the complexity of object expression of building structure model and the repeatability of model data accumulation [5]. Akinade et al. tried to establish a building structure information model ASIM system with strong compatibility, obvious stages, and high scalability and designed the operation process and building modeling process of the system. Finally, an example verified that the system can provide technical support for collaborative design and development of building engineering software based on BIM [6]. Park et al. proposed a BIM 3D solid modeling based on CAD graphics engine based on IFC standard, which can be transformed into surface model to meet the application requirements of BIM geometric data for different stages of construction engineering. This method improves the reusability and universality of avoiding data [7]. Zhu et al. studied how to combine the BIM technical concept with the current plane representation method of structural construction drawings in China, analyzed the feasibility of the plane representation method of structural construction drawings based on BIM platform, proposed a plane representation method of structural construction drawings by sharing parameters and label families, and realized the transformation from FIC standard to Revit structural software, and verified by an example [8]. Zhang et al. analyzed the value and application process of using BIM technology in prefabricated buildings, studied how to apply BIM technology to prefabricated houses, and analyzed their adaptability based on actual project cases, providing a reference for the further application of BIM technology in prefabricated buildings [9]. Singh and Geyer analyzed the characteristics of different BIM core modeling software Revit and Bentley series software, compared the model transfer between the structural model of the two software and the structural analysis software, and introduced in detail the method of model conversion between Revit model and structural analysis software based on Autodesk products [10].


## 3. Preliminary Construction of Building Collaboration Platform Based on BIM Technology

According to the analysis of the function of BIM building collaboration platform and referring to the research done by domestic and foreign research experts on the building collaboration platform based on BIM technology, the basic structure of the building collaboration platform based on BIM technology constructed in this paper is shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Basic architecture of building collaboration platform based on BIM technology.The construction of BIM database complies with IFC standards, which ensures the correctness and integrity of IFC building information model in the process of BIM database input and output, which is also a necessary condition for the realization of BIM technology. At the same time [11], BIM database can centrally store the engineering information of multiple projects. Because the database has the advantages of large storage capacity, high input and output query efficiency, and stable operation, it can provide bottom support for the information model storage of building collaboration platform based on BIM technology. At the same time, functional interfaces such as input, output, and query are developed on the basis of BIM database.


### 3.1. IFC Building Information Model Transformation Stage

In the first stage of BIM application software development, we need to make full use of the relatively mature non-BIM software and develop the building information model conversion function to realize the data conversion between IFC model and non-BIM software model, so that the non-BIM software can be used to design and calculate the building (Figure3).Figure 3
Building information model transformation stage.


### 3.2. BIM Database Storage Phase

With the continuous development of BIM technology, in the near future, all professional application software will support the input and output of IFC building information model [12]. Various departments and disciplines can convert and share the building information model through IFC model. At this stage, BIM application software can be combined with BIM database to realize the sharing and conversion of building information model (Figure 4).Figure 4
BIM database storage stage.


### 3.3. BIM Application Software Phase

With the gradual improvement of BIM technology, building application software can be developed on the basis of BIM database. All building information models generated by the application software are saved in the same BIM database, and designers can get the latest building information from the BIM database, so as to truly realize the sharing and transformation of building information model [13].


## 3.1. IFC Building Information Model Transformation Stage

In the first stage of BIM application software development, we need to make full use of the relatively mature non-BIM software and develop the building information model conversion function to realize the data conversion between IFC model and non-BIM software model, so that the non-BIM software can be used to design and calculate the building (Figure3).Figure 3
Building information model transformation stage.


## 3.2. BIM Database Storage Phase

With the continuous development of BIM technology, in the near future, all professional application software will support the input and output of IFC building information model [12]. Various departments and disciplines can convert and share the building information model through IFC model. At this stage, BIM application software can be combined with BIM database to realize the sharing and conversion of building information model (Figure 4).Figure 4
BIM database storage stage.


## 3.3. BIM Application Software Phase

With the gradual improvement of BIM technology, building application software can be developed on the basis of BIM database. All building information models generated by the application software are saved in the same BIM database, and designers can get the latest building information from the BIM database, so as to truly realize the sharing and transformation of building information model [13].


## 4. BIM Technology Application of PKPM Professional Software

The three-dimensional residential planning and design software in PKPM can be used in residential area planning and design, urban planning and design, urban landscape analysis, and early scheme evaluation of real estate. It adopts 3D modeling technology and professional analysis means to provide functions such as 3D terrain simulation and reconstruction, road and plot design, building layout, building information processing, greening design, dynamic design data statistical calculation, sunshine evaluation, and realistic simulation performance of design analysis results. The software adopts many key technologies, such as three-dimensional modeling technology, digital terrain model construction technology, building information model technology, index dynamic monitoring technology, return light calculation, dynamic shadow simulation technology, and instantaneous rendering technology, so as to realize efficient design data management and direct three-dimensional effect display.


### 4.1. Architectural Design

PKPM’s architectural design software APM is an architectural software developed based on BIM technology. It starts with the model input to establish the core data of the building model. Each functional module is based on the core data and driven by the data. All kinds of construction drawings are automatically generated by the core data. The modeling method of APM is driven by the data core, the graphics are the representation of the data, and the two-dimensional construction drawing is only the two-dimensional expression of the three-dimensional model. APM core data and graphics are closely combined [14]. Once the data changes, the graphics change. All graphic elements on the surface are parameterized professional component objects, which can be modified, queried, deleted, and created. Any operation on components is a direct operation for building components. The establishment of the core data model is carried out while arranging the components, and the components displayed on the drawing are also included in the core database [15–17].


### 4.2. Structural Design

Like the building software, the structural design software PM CAD of PKPM is also developed based on BIM technology and adopts the same core data architecture as the building software. Each functional module from superstructure to foundation is based on and driven by core data. Parametric three-dimensional design is widely used in each module of structural design, and the three-dimensional effect of the model can be seen at any time in the design process. PKPM not only provides a modeling tool that adapts to a wide range of building forms according to the standard floor input mode but also provides a complex spatial model software that can quickly build complex structural forms. Switch to each standard floor for observation at any time according to the user’s needs, and you can also view the building model of the whole building at any time. The component definition is fully parameterized, and the modification of component parameters can be immediately reflected in the whole building model [18]. The actual spatial relationship can be intuitively expressed for the inclined support, interstorey beam, stair, inclined plate, and staggered floor widely used in structural design, which avoids the error of design scheme and provides an accurate calculation model for structural spatial analysis.The steel structure software can complete the three-dimensional parametric modeling of steel structure, section optimization, structural analysis and component checking calculation, three-dimensional design, and construction drawing of nodes. It is suitable for portal frame, multistorey and high-rise frame, truss, support, spatial member steel structure, and other structural types. The 3D design software of heavy industrial plant has reached the international leading level. The steel structure detail design software provides three-dimensional design auxiliary tools for steel structure manufacturing, processing, construction, and design units [19, 20].


### 4.3. Equipment Design

PKPM equipment series software consists of heating, ventilation and air conditioning, building electrical, building indoor water supply and drainage, outdoor water supply and drainage, outdoor heat supply network, and other design software. The data sharing of each software adopts three-dimensional parametric design, which can directly carry out equipment design on the BIM model of PKPM architectural software and structural software, interactively complete the layout of pipelines and plug-ins, and realize the integration of calculation and drawing.Pipeline comprehensive collision inspection software provides auxiliary means for the collaborative work of various disciplines in engineering design. According to the BIM model, the relationship between pipeline and pipeline, pipeline and equipment, and pipeline and structural components can be checked, the collision position can be determined, and the collision inspection between single discipline or multiple disciplines can be realized. The collision location and collision entity are displayed on the three-dimensional diagram, the comprehensive entities of various disciplines are roamed in three-dimensional, the installation effect is displayed in the form of animation, and the equipment graphic database is built [21].


## 4.1. Architectural Design

PKPM’s architectural design software APM is an architectural software developed based on BIM technology. It starts with the model input to establish the core data of the building model. Each functional module is based on the core data and driven by the data. All kinds of construction drawings are automatically generated by the core data. The modeling method of APM is driven by the data core, the graphics are the representation of the data, and the two-dimensional construction drawing is only the two-dimensional expression of the three-dimensional model. APM core data and graphics are closely combined [14]. Once the data changes, the graphics change. All graphic elements on the surface are parameterized professional component objects, which can be modified, queried, deleted, and created. Any operation on components is a direct operation for building components. The establishment of the core data model is carried out while arranging the components, and the components displayed on the drawing are also included in the core database [15–17].


## 4.2. Structural Design

Like the building software, the structural design software PM CAD of PKPM is also developed based on BIM technology and adopts the same core data architecture as the building software. Each functional module from superstructure to foundation is based on and driven by core data. Parametric three-dimensional design is widely used in each module of structural design, and the three-dimensional effect of the model can be seen at any time in the design process. PKPM not only provides a modeling tool that adapts to a wide range of building forms according to the standard floor input mode but also provides a complex spatial model software that can quickly build complex structural forms. Switch to each standard floor for observation at any time according to the user’s needs, and you can also view the building model of the whole building at any time. The component definition is fully parameterized, and the modification of component parameters can be immediately reflected in the whole building model [18]. The actual spatial relationship can be intuitively expressed for the inclined support, interstorey beam, stair, inclined plate, and staggered floor widely used in structural design, which avoids the error of design scheme and provides an accurate calculation model for structural spatial analysis.The steel structure software can complete the three-dimensional parametric modeling of steel structure, section optimization, structural analysis and component checking calculation, three-dimensional design, and construction drawing of nodes. It is suitable for portal frame, multistorey and high-rise frame, truss, support, spatial member steel structure, and other structural types. The 3D design software of heavy industrial plant has reached the international leading level. The steel structure detail design software provides three-dimensional design auxiliary tools for steel structure manufacturing, processing, construction, and design units [19, 20].


## 4.3. Equipment Design

PKPM equipment series software consists of heating, ventilation and air conditioning, building electrical, building indoor water supply and drainage, outdoor water supply and drainage, outdoor heat supply network, and other design software. The data sharing of each software adopts three-dimensional parametric design, which can directly carry out equipment design on the BIM model of PKPM architectural software and structural software, interactively complete the layout of pipelines and plug-ins, and realize the integration of calculation and drawing.Pipeline comprehensive collision inspection software provides auxiliary means for the collaborative work of various disciplines in engineering design. According to the BIM model, the relationship between pipeline and pipeline, pipeline and equipment, and pipeline and structural components can be checked, the collision position can be determined, and the collision inspection between single discipline or multiple disciplines can be realized. The collision location and collision entity are displayed on the three-dimensional diagram, the comprehensive entities of various disciplines are roamed in three-dimensional, the installation effect is displayed in the form of animation, and the equipment graphic database is built [21].


## 5. Experimental Analysis

Taking a complex building project with transfer floor structure as an example, this paper introduces the structural seismic analysis method based on BIM platform. Project features are as follows: single tower structure with chassis. The first to fourth floors are shopping malls [22]. The building function requires large bays, and more than four floors are conventional houses. The structural form is frame-supported shear wall structure with beam transfer floor. PKPM structural model and Revit structural model are established by using conventional method and BIM platform, respectively. For the two models, the conventional structural analysis software SATWE and Yingjianke finite element analysis software with BIM structural analysis software interface are used to analyze the response of the structure under ground earthquake. The modal analysis and response spectrum analysis of the structural model are carried out by using two finite element analysis software, and the results of the two methods are compared [23].


### 5.1. Software Selection

#### 5.1.1. Revit Structure Software

The principle of software modeling is to integrate the physical models of different material properties with editable analysis models into a general model and realize the preparation of structural models and structural documents. Revit structure provides two-way connection for many internationally used finite element software for structural analysis. Revit structure presents the design of the structural engineer in time through the parameter driven model, so as to realize the accurate visualization of the building structure. At the same time, Revit structure is consistent with other Revit series software and also has all the characteristics of automatic generation of plan, elevation and section files, automatic statistics of component schedules, dynamic correlation between drawings, and so on. The 2014 Revit software integrates architecture, structure, and MEP into one software platform to maximize the coordination with professional engineers of architecture, plumbing, and electricity [24].


#### 5.1.2. PKPM Software

As the most popular software in the domestic architectural design market, PKPM has a large number of user bases. SATWE is a building engineering calculation software specially developed by PKPM-CAD engineering department for finite element analysis and structural design of high-rise structures in order to make the latest generation of structural calculation software meet the requirements of structural design and calculation of modern high-rise buildings. SATWE is a finite element analysis software of three-dimensional composite structure based on shell element theory. SATWE is also applicable to ordinary multistorey and high-rise steel-concrete structures, frame shear wall structures, shear wall structures, and most residential and industrial buildings such as high-rise steel structures or steel-concrete hybrid structures. SATWE can also carry out finite element analysis in the design of special forms of structures such as complex high-rise buildings, multitowers, transfer floors, staggered floors, and local openings in floors. Its disadvantage is that the software is relatively closed, the model created by PKPM has poor compatibility with other finite element software, and the data is not exchangeable. When the calculation results are compared with other finite element software, it needs to be modeled and calculated again.


### 5.2. Model Establishment

The project has a total construction area of 32129.8m2, a building height of 98.0 m, a commercial area of 6973m2, a residential area of 19869.8m2, and underground building area of 3487 m2. Buildings occupy 2196.9 m2. There is 1 basement garage, 1-4 floors above the ground are commercial and office areas, and 5 to the top floor are residential areas. The proposed main structure scheme is partial frame-supported shear wall structure, the podium from the first floor underground to the third floor above the ground is frame-supported structure with partial floor shear wall, the tower from the fifth floor to the top floor adopts shear wall structure, and the transfer floor is set on the fourth floor in the form of beam transfer structure. The design service life of the building is 50 years, the safety grade of the building structure is grade II, and the design grade of the foundation is grade A [25].The project shall meet the requirements of the national energy conservation and emission reduction standards and adopt grade III steel. The project is a class C building with a design service life of 50 years. The thickness of the protective layer is set according to Article 8.2.1 of the code for design of concrete structures. The specific parameters are shown in Table1. The main sections, dimensions, and concrete strength grades of structural beams and slabs are shown in Table 2.Table 1
Value of reinforcement cover thickness.
BeamPlateColumn35 mm15 mm35 mmTable 2
Dimensions of main components.
Component nameComponent size (b×h) (mm)Concrete strengthFrame supported beam300×600C45Frame beam300×600C30Coupling beam200×400C30Transfer beam700×1600C45Standard laminate thickness120C25Thickness of transfer layer200C30


### 5.3. Structural Modal Analysis

Modal analysis is to analyze the properties of the structure itself. It is the most commonly used and effective analysis method in the seismic response analysis of nondisaster linear structure or disaster-solved linear structure. At the same time, structural modal analysis is also the analysis basis of response spectrum analysis and time history analysis.Through the finite element software SATWE and Yingjianke, the two structural models are calculated, respectively, and the 18th-order vibration mode is selected for analysis. Read the first 6 vibration modes from the calculation result file. In structural design, in order to make the structure have good torsional resistance, the overall torsional deformation resistance of the structure is usually indirectly reflected by the period ratio, that is, the ratio of the first natural vibration periodTt with torsion to the first natural vibration period Tt with translation as the main. Therefore, the period ratio is also a macro index of the torsional performance of the structure. According to the requirements of Article 3.4.5 of the technical specification for concrete structures of high-rise buildings (hereinafter referred to as the “high specification”), class B high-rise buildings, hybrid structures exceeding class A height, and complex high-rise buildings referred to in the “high specification” mainly include structures with transfer floors, structures with reinforced floors, staggered structures, connected structures, vertical retraction, and cantilever structures, and the period ratio shall not be greater than 0.85. The SATWE calculation results show that the first natural vibration period TI dominated by translation is 3.0524 s, and the torsion deformation capacity of the first natural vibration period is dominated by torsion. The first natural vibration period Tt dominated by torsion is 2.5312 s, and the calculated period ratio is 2.5312/3.0524=0.83<0.85, which meets the specification requirements. The effective mass coefficient in x direction is 96.69%, and the effective mass coefficient in y direction is 95.35%. According to the first paragraph of Article 5.1.13 of the high code, the torsion effect of the structure should be considered for the level B height and the above complex high-rise building structure. The number of vibration modes should not be less than 1.5, and the number of vibration modes calculated in the project is 18. The clause also stipulates that the number of vibration modes shall be calculated so that the sum of the participating masses of each vibration mode shall not be less than 90% of the total mass. It can be seen that the number of vibration modes 18 meets the specification requirements.


## 5.1. Software Selection

### 5.1.1. Revit Structure Software

The principle of software modeling is to integrate the physical models of different material properties with editable analysis models into a general model and realize the preparation of structural models and structural documents. Revit structure provides two-way connection for many internationally used finite element software for structural analysis. Revit structure presents the design of the structural engineer in time through the parameter driven model, so as to realize the accurate visualization of the building structure. At the same time, Revit structure is consistent with other Revit series software and also has all the characteristics of automatic generation of plan, elevation and section files, automatic statistics of component schedules, dynamic correlation between drawings, and so on. The 2014 Revit software integrates architecture, structure, and MEP into one software platform to maximize the coordination with professional engineers of architecture, plumbing, and electricity [24].


### 5.1.2. PKPM Software

As the most popular software in the domestic architectural design market, PKPM has a large number of user bases. SATWE is a building engineering calculation software specially developed by PKPM-CAD engineering department for finite element analysis and structural design of high-rise structures in order to make the latest generation of structural calculation software meet the requirements of structural design and calculation of modern high-rise buildings. SATWE is a finite element analysis software of three-dimensional composite structure based on shell element theory. SATWE is also applicable to ordinary multistorey and high-rise steel-concrete structures, frame shear wall structures, shear wall structures, and most residential and industrial buildings such as high-rise steel structures or steel-concrete hybrid structures. SATWE can also carry out finite element analysis in the design of special forms of structures such as complex high-rise buildings, multitowers, transfer floors, staggered floors, and local openings in floors. Its disadvantage is that the software is relatively closed, the model created by PKPM has poor compatibility with other finite element software, and the data is not exchangeable. When the calculation results are compared with other finite element software, it needs to be modeled and calculated again.


## 5.1.1. Revit Structure Software

The principle of software modeling is to integrate the physical models of different material properties with editable analysis models into a general model and realize the preparation of structural models and structural documents. Revit structure provides two-way connection for many internationally used finite element software for structural analysis. Revit structure presents the design of the structural engineer in time through the parameter driven model, so as to realize the accurate visualization of the building structure. At the same time, Revit structure is consistent with other Revit series software and also has all the characteristics of automatic generation of plan, elevation and section files, automatic statistics of component schedules, dynamic correlation between drawings, and so on. The 2014 Revit software integrates architecture, structure, and MEP into one software platform to maximize the coordination with professional engineers of architecture, plumbing, and electricity [24].


## 5.1.2. PKPM Software

As the most popular software in the domestic architectural design market, PKPM has a large number of user bases. SATWE is a building engineering calculation software specially developed by PKPM-CAD engineering department for finite element analysis and structural design of high-rise structures in order to make the latest generation of structural calculation software meet the requirements of structural design and calculation of modern high-rise buildings. SATWE is a finite element analysis software of three-dimensional composite structure based on shell element theory. SATWE is also applicable to ordinary multistorey and high-rise steel-concrete structures, frame shear wall structures, shear wall structures, and most residential and industrial buildings such as high-rise steel structures or steel-concrete hybrid structures. SATWE can also carry out finite element analysis in the design of special forms of structures such as complex high-rise buildings, multitowers, transfer floors, staggered floors, and local openings in floors. Its disadvantage is that the software is relatively closed, the model created by PKPM has poor compatibility with other finite element software, and the data is not exchangeable. When the calculation results are compared with other finite element software, it needs to be modeled and calculated again.


## 5.2. Model Establishment

The project has a total construction area of 32129.8m2, a building height of 98.0 m, a commercial area of 6973m2, a residential area of 19869.8m2, and underground building area of 3487 m2. Buildings occupy 2196.9 m2. There is 1 basement garage, 1-4 floors above the ground are commercial and office areas, and 5 to the top floor are residential areas. The proposed main structure scheme is partial frame-supported shear wall structure, the podium from the first floor underground to the third floor above the ground is frame-supported structure with partial floor shear wall, the tower from the fifth floor to the top floor adopts shear wall structure, and the transfer floor is set on the fourth floor in the form of beam transfer structure. The design service life of the building is 50 years, the safety grade of the building structure is grade II, and the design grade of the foundation is grade A [25].The project shall meet the requirements of the national energy conservation and emission reduction standards and adopt grade III steel. The project is a class C building with a design service life of 50 years. The thickness of the protective layer is set according to Article 8.2.1 of the code for design of concrete structures. The specific parameters are shown in Table1. The main sections, dimensions, and concrete strength grades of structural beams and slabs are shown in Table 2.Table 1
Value of reinforcement cover thickness.
BeamPlateColumn35 mm15 mm35 mmTable 2
Dimensions of main components.
Component nameComponent size (b×h) (mm)Concrete strengthFrame supported beam300×600C45Frame beam300×600C30Coupling beam200×400C30Transfer beam700×1600C45Standard laminate thickness120C25Thickness of transfer layer200C30


## 5.3. Structural Modal Analysis

Modal analysis is to analyze the properties of the structure itself. It is the most commonly used and effective analysis method in the seismic response analysis of nondisaster linear structure or disaster-solved linear structure. At the same time, structural modal analysis is also the analysis basis of response spectrum analysis and time history analysis.Through the finite element software SATWE and Yingjianke, the two structural models are calculated, respectively, and the 18th-order vibration mode is selected for analysis. Read the first 6 vibration modes from the calculation result file. In structural design, in order to make the structure have good torsional resistance, the overall torsional deformation resistance of the structure is usually indirectly reflected by the period ratio, that is, the ratio of the first natural vibration periodTt with torsion to the first natural vibration period Tt with translation as the main. Therefore, the period ratio is also a macro index of the torsional performance of the structure. According to the requirements of Article 3.4.5 of the technical specification for concrete structures of high-rise buildings (hereinafter referred to as the “high specification”), class B high-rise buildings, hybrid structures exceeding class A height, and complex high-rise buildings referred to in the “high specification” mainly include structures with transfer floors, structures with reinforced floors, staggered structures, connected structures, vertical retraction, and cantilever structures, and the period ratio shall not be greater than 0.85. The SATWE calculation results show that the first natural vibration period TI dominated by translation is 3.0524 s, and the torsion deformation capacity of the first natural vibration period is dominated by torsion. The first natural vibration period Tt dominated by torsion is 2.5312 s, and the calculated period ratio is 2.5312/3.0524=0.83<0.85, which meets the specification requirements. The effective mass coefficient in x direction is 96.69%, and the effective mass coefficient in y direction is 95.35%. According to the first paragraph of Article 5.1.13 of the high code, the torsion effect of the structure should be considered for the level B height and the above complex high-rise building structure. The number of vibration modes should not be less than 1.5, and the number of vibration modes calculated in the project is 18. The clause also stipulates that the number of vibration modes shall be calculated so that the sum of the participating masses of each vibration mode shall not be less than 90% of the total mass. It can be seen that the number of vibration modes 18 meets the specification requirements.


## 6. Conclusion

With the development of super high-rise, super span buildings, and other large and complex civil engineering in China, BIM technology will have a profound impact on China’s construction engineering design industry, including the transformation of architectural design thinking, architectural design method, extensive design to integrated design, and the transformation of the collaborative process of engineering projects. The three-dimensional building information model (BIM) is the basis to achieve the above goals. With the continuous development of large and complex civil engineering such as super high-rise and super long-span buildings in China, BIM technology will have a far-reaching impact on China’s architectural engineering design industry, including the transformation of architectural design thinking, the transformation of architectural design methods, the transformation from extensive design to integrated design, and the transformation of the collaborative process of engineering projects. Developed countries in Europe and America have begun to popularize BIM technology. The popularization rate of application software based on BIM technology has reached 60%-70%. BIM is the general trend and irresistible. At present, the application of BIM technology in China is only in its infancy, which requires the joint efforts of all participants in the construction industry to change the traditional concept and catch up. PKPM is willing to work with the majority of design units to realize the second leap of building information technology as soon as possible.



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*Source: 2546708-2022-04-26.xml*