# Research on Risk Assessment of Science and Technology Data in Network Finance Based on Portfolio Empowerment

Authors: Qi Zhao
Journal: Security and Communication Networks
 (2021)

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## Abstract

At present, the proposed network finance technology data risk assessment time is too long, leading to low accuracy. In order to solve the above problems, this paper puts forward the research on the risk assessment of network financial S&T data based on portfolio weighting, determines the risk index of network financial S&T data, calculates the weight of risk data in network S&T data, searches the risk data characteristic quantity in networks according to network S&T risk index, and completes the extraction of risk data. According to the risk data characteristics of network finance, a decision tree is constructed, the data entropy involved in the decision tree is calculated, the types of risk data characteristics are induced, the nodes of the decision tree are created, and the status of risk data of network finance is obtained. The state of risk data is brought into the definition of Bayesian network probability, and the risk degree of risk data is analyzed to improve the precision of risk data analysis. The experimental results show that the risk assessment of network financial S&T data based on portfolio weighting can effectively shorten the assessment time and improve the accuracy.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

With the rapid development of Internet technology, information systems and computer networks have gradually become tools in our daily life. At the same time, the security of network financial scientific and technological data has aroused people’s attention and become the focus of attention of government departments, enterprises, and institutions [1]. With the development of the times, network finance technology has facilitated the life of the public and hidden operational risks while network finance technology operates. Therefore, effective network finance technology data risk assessment is particularly important. Based on the risk assessment results, network finance technology shall be maintained reasonably to ensure the safety of internal users and resources [2].The work in [3] proposed the quantum risk assessment database, which is used to explore the database of quantum dose response data model in risk assessment and its application in Bayesian dose response analysis. The construction of historical database focuses on chemical risk assessment of quantitative data and uses this database to develop prior Bayesian analysis. The database consists of a variety of existing toxicology data sources, including 733 separate quantum dose response data sets. As an example of database usage, the author constructed the prior distribution of individual model parameters in Bayesian dose response analysis. The study in [4] proposed online risk assessment of distribution network operation data based on adversarial characteristics. With the deployment of the distribution network online monitoring system, a large number of data collected by it contains rich network operation status information. This method includes two stages: (1) Antagonistic Feature Learning. The most representative features are extracted from the online monitoring data, and a statistical index is calculated for these features. (2) Operational Risk Assessment. The level of operational risk is divided into emergency, high risk, prevention, and normal. The p value of each data point is calculated to determine the risk level. There are common risks and joint risks in Internet financial technology. The traditional risk assessment of Internet financial technology can only assess the common risks within the website. The security threat degree of Internet financial technology cannot fully consider the joint risks triggered by the common risks in the network. There are threats to the network security, which makes the website maintenance method based on the assessment results meaningless; as a result, the risk index of Internet financial technology still exists and even the degree of risk increases. Therefore, this paper puts forward the risk assessment of Internet financial technology data based on combination weighting and obtains the effective conclusion through the research.With the continuous development of science and technology and the modern financial industry progress, the Internet has a great impact on the financial industry, and informatization has become the main trend in the development of the financial industry. Therefore, the main means for the financial industry to improve its comprehensive competitiveness is to build a modern financial service system with scientific and flat management. At the same time, information security issues have gradually attracted attention. The informatization, digitalization, and intellectualization of financial technology have brought greater challenges to information security.Our contribution is threefold:(1)
At present, the proposed network finance technology data risk assessment time is too long, leading to low accuracy. In order to solve the above problems, this paper puts forward the research on the risk assessment of network financial S&T data based on portfolio weighting.(2)
According to the risk data characteristics of network finance, a decision tree is constructed, the data entropy involved in the decision tree is calculated, the types of risk data characteristics are induced, the nodes of the decision tree are created, and the status of risk data of network finance is obtained.(3)
The experimental results show that the risk assessment of network financial S&T data based on portfolio weighting can effectively shorten the assessment time and improve the accuracy.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section2 introduces the extraction of technological risk data of online finance. Section 3 discusses experiment and analysis. Section 4 presents the conclusions of the study.


## 2. Extraction of Technological Risk Data of Online Finance

The risk source, hidden risk, and joint risk characteristics of Internet financial technology data are set as the evaluation data characteristics of Internet financial technology risk, which are, respectively, represented by A, B, and C. The samples of risk source indicators are risk grade, risk occurrence probability, and risk attribute. For Internet financial technology, the samples of hidden risk indicators are changed data information risk and hidden data risk. The sample of website joint risk is risk effect [5, 6]. According to the above description of Internet financial technology risk indicators, the evaluation index matrix is constructed as follows:(1)Ej=−M∑i=1syijlnxij.Here,M is the entropy weight of the Internet financial technology risk index data. When it is taken as 1, it means that the Internet financial technology risk confusion degree is the largest and the risk degree is serious; xij is the measure of the risk sample, which is a constant. The index system is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Index system.There is a large amount of information data of Internet financial technology. In order to quickly retrieve the risk data containing risk factors without omission [7], firstly, the data of Internet financial technology is compressed and the risk data of Internet financial technology is filtered by the method of combination weighting. Firstly, the data are multidimensional, and the calculation formula is as follows:(2)c=g×P1×Ej.Here,P1 is the power eigenvector of the actual website data information and g represents the n-dimensional column vector in which the data are converted into vector format. The components in the actual power eigenvector of each type of e-commerce risk data are replaced by corresponding constants, the secure data in the network financial technology risk data set are removed, and the risk data set is obtained as follows:(3)x=∑i=1nhpigi.Here,h is the random vector of data, gi is the error of risk data eigenvector compression, and pi represents the balance coefficient of actual data compression. After the risk data of Internet financial technology is compressed, the process and workload of feature extraction of risk data are reduced. Then, the risk feature vector of Internet financial technology is extracted, all the data are classified in the compressed Internet financial technology risk data set, and then the data is weighted to extract the feature data of different risk data [8]. The calculation formula is as follows:(4)Hjui=∑i=m+1npi−bij.Here,m indicates the number of iterations for multidimensional risk data vector calculation; bij is the initial center position of the risk characteristic data vector; and n is the weighted value of risk data characteristics. The analysis process of network financial technology risk data extraction method is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Analysis flow of extracting technology risk data of network finance.


### 2.1. Risk Assessment Model of Network Finance Technology Data Based on Portfolio Empowerment

Combination weighting is to analyze the data deeply through the algorithm protocol so as to achieve a certain demand. For the risk assessment model of network finance science and technology based on combination weighting, the decision tree in combination weighting technology and the Bayesian network algorithm are adopted to assess the risk data of network finance science and technology. The Bayesian network algorithm can improve the accuracy of decision tree data analysis [9]. The decision tree is shown in Figure 3.Figure 3
Decision tree.Decision tree algorithm is one of the most important methods in data risk analysis. Decision tree divides the whole data into treelike state graph according to the relationship among hierarchy, state, and data and completes data depth analysis [10]. The pivot points within the decision tree structure are the key points connecting all data. When analyzing the data, the decision tree needs a data entropy to guide the data judgment. The formula for calculating the data entropy is as follows:(5)ES=∑i=1nmi+nim+n.Here,S represents the root of the decision tree and the set of data to be analyzed; m and n represent the number of data sets; and ni and mi represent the possible nodes in the decision tree structure.A directed acyclic graph of a Bayesian network is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Directed acyclic graph of Bayesian networks.When analyzing the risk data by decision tree algorithm, the nodes of the decision tree will split up ambiguous nodes according to the actual situation, but the decision tree has a chance to analyze the scientific and technological data of network finance of ambiguous nodes, which reduces the analysis effect of the decision tree. Therefore, the precision of the analysis data of the decision tree is improved by Bayesian network algorithm [11, 12].The essence of Bayesian network algorithm is bidirectional derivation based on conditional probability to complete the forward analysis and inverse analysis of data, on the one hand, the verification of data analysis and on the other hand, to ensure the depth and accuracy of data analysis [13, 14]. The Bayesian network algorithm is defined as follows:(6)pA|B=pB|ApApB.Here,pB is the prior probability of data analysis and pB|A is the posterior probability of data analysis. The decision tree of Bayesian network algorithm is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Decision tree of Bayesian network algorithm.The full probability of each state can be obtained by substituting the multiple states of the decision tree analysis data into the Bayesian network probability algorithm. The formula is as follows:(7)PY=∑i=1npB|A=ai.To sum up, this paper summarizes the analysis process of the risk data of network finance science and technology based on the combination of decision tree and Bayesian network probability algorithm and constructs the risk assessment model of network finance science and technology based on the combination of the above-mentioned methods. The specific steps are shown in Figure6:(1)
Firstly, the risk set of network finance technology is defined as follows:(8)Y=Gvt×loss,G∈G1,G2,G3,G4,G5.Here,G1 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the confidentiality of Internet financial technology data; G2 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the integrity of Internet financial technology data; G3 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the reliability of Internet financial technology data; G4 indicates that there is a risk loophole in the principle of Internet financial technology data; G5 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the defense of Internet financial technology data; Gvt refers to the probability of data risk caused by website attack; and loss refers to the loss in the process of Internet financial technology risk, which is affected by the amount of website data risk.(2)
Then, after the risk data of network finance science and technology is extracted, the extracted risk data shall be compressed according to the decision tree algorithm to simplify the workload of website risk assessment.(3)
Secondly, within the compressed website risk data set, the risk status of website data is calculated according to the decision tree theory and the Bayesian network probability algorithm [15].(4)
Finally, the risk probabilities of the risk status of the technological data of network finance and the hidden probability of the data risk are calculated in a unified manner, and the risk assessment model of the technological data of network finance is obtained. The model is as follows:(9)Ft=1−lim2Fvt+ej×x.Figure 6
Flow chart of network finance technology risk assessment model based on portfolio weighting technology.The results of the risk assessment model of network finance science and technology based on portfolio weighting shall be in the form of percentage system; the assessment results shall be 0–30%, and the network finance science and technology shall be low-risk websites; the assessment results shall be 30–60%, and the network finance science and technology shall be medium-risk websites; the assessment results shall be 60–100%, and the network finance science and technology shall be high-risk websites.


## 2.1. Risk Assessment Model of Network Finance Technology Data Based on Portfolio Empowerment

Combination weighting is to analyze the data deeply through the algorithm protocol so as to achieve a certain demand. For the risk assessment model of network finance science and technology based on combination weighting, the decision tree in combination weighting technology and the Bayesian network algorithm are adopted to assess the risk data of network finance science and technology. The Bayesian network algorithm can improve the accuracy of decision tree data analysis [9]. The decision tree is shown in Figure 3.Figure 3
Decision tree.Decision tree algorithm is one of the most important methods in data risk analysis. Decision tree divides the whole data into treelike state graph according to the relationship among hierarchy, state, and data and completes data depth analysis [10]. The pivot points within the decision tree structure are the key points connecting all data. When analyzing the data, the decision tree needs a data entropy to guide the data judgment. The formula for calculating the data entropy is as follows:(5)ES=∑i=1nmi+nim+n.Here,S represents the root of the decision tree and the set of data to be analyzed; m and n represent the number of data sets; and ni and mi represent the possible nodes in the decision tree structure.A directed acyclic graph of a Bayesian network is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Directed acyclic graph of Bayesian networks.When analyzing the risk data by decision tree algorithm, the nodes of the decision tree will split up ambiguous nodes according to the actual situation, but the decision tree has a chance to analyze the scientific and technological data of network finance of ambiguous nodes, which reduces the analysis effect of the decision tree. Therefore, the precision of the analysis data of the decision tree is improved by Bayesian network algorithm [11, 12].The essence of Bayesian network algorithm is bidirectional derivation based on conditional probability to complete the forward analysis and inverse analysis of data, on the one hand, the verification of data analysis and on the other hand, to ensure the depth and accuracy of data analysis [13, 14]. The Bayesian network algorithm is defined as follows:(6)pA|B=pB|ApApB.Here,pB is the prior probability of data analysis and pB|A is the posterior probability of data analysis. The decision tree of Bayesian network algorithm is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Decision tree of Bayesian network algorithm.The full probability of each state can be obtained by substituting the multiple states of the decision tree analysis data into the Bayesian network probability algorithm. The formula is as follows:(7)PY=∑i=1npB|A=ai.To sum up, this paper summarizes the analysis process of the risk data of network finance science and technology based on the combination of decision tree and Bayesian network probability algorithm and constructs the risk assessment model of network finance science and technology based on the combination of the above-mentioned methods. The specific steps are shown in Figure6:(1)
Firstly, the risk set of network finance technology is defined as follows:(8)Y=Gvt×loss,G∈G1,G2,G3,G4,G5.Here,G1 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the confidentiality of Internet financial technology data; G2 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the integrity of Internet financial technology data; G3 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the reliability of Internet financial technology data; G4 indicates that there is a risk loophole in the principle of Internet financial technology data; G5 indicates that there is a risk vulnerability in the defense of Internet financial technology data; Gvt refers to the probability of data risk caused by website attack; and loss refers to the loss in the process of Internet financial technology risk, which is affected by the amount of website data risk.(2)
Then, after the risk data of network finance science and technology is extracted, the extracted risk data shall be compressed according to the decision tree algorithm to simplify the workload of website risk assessment.(3)
Secondly, within the compressed website risk data set, the risk status of website data is calculated according to the decision tree theory and the Bayesian network probability algorithm [15].(4)
Finally, the risk probabilities of the risk status of the technological data of network finance and the hidden probability of the data risk are calculated in a unified manner, and the risk assessment model of the technological data of network finance is obtained. The model is as follows:(9)Ft=1−lim2Fvt+ej×x.Figure 6
Flow chart of network finance technology risk assessment model based on portfolio weighting technology.The results of the risk assessment model of network finance science and technology based on portfolio weighting shall be in the form of percentage system; the assessment results shall be 0–30%, and the network finance science and technology shall be low-risk websites; the assessment results shall be 30–60%, and the network finance science and technology shall be medium-risk websites; the assessment results shall be 60–100%, and the network finance science and technology shall be high-risk websites.


## 3. Experimental Analysis

In order to verify the performance of risk assessment of network financial science and technology data based on combination weighting, a simulation comparison experiment is designed. The risk assessment host computer shall be connected with the established network data output components, and in the established experimental environment, the control information flow and other physical indicators shall be completely consistent and the specific changes of the error tolerance rate and data sharing time of the experimental group and the control group shall be recorded, respectively. The experimental group shall record the risk assessment of the network finance scientific and technological data, and the control group shall record the methods in [3, 4].The risk assessment of network financial science and technology data needs stable network support, so the first task is to build a stable network environment in order to carry out simulation experiments. The network topology schematic is shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Network topology.The setting of technical parameters of network finance is shown in Table1.Table 1
Network parameter settings.
Parameter nameNumeric valueUnitMain processorHi3507—Infrared parameter20mSignal-to-noise ratio>50dBNetwork interface10/100MProtocol supportTCP/IP—Operating temperature−10 + 55°COperating humidity0–85%Equipment power10WPower supply12VThe experimental data of the present method, the methods of reference [3], and methods of reference [4] are kept stable, and 60 minutes is taken as the given experimental time. During the experimental time, the specific numerical change level of the error tolerance rate is recorded, respectively. The experimental details are shown in Table 2.Table 2
Comparison of tolerance of network information nodes.
Experimental time (min)Network information node evaluation error toleranceMethod in this paperMethods of reference [3]Methods of reference [4]Methods of reference [16]Methods of reference [17]Ideal value57054566656761075545664547615795456635876208454556957752586545561587530885453665673358954516557714090545062587045905457675667509054556254655590545363546360905460605860Table2 shows that in the ideal state, the values of FR of the methods in reference [16] and the methods in reference [17] show fluctuating trend all the time, while the values of FR of network information nodes increase continuously and remain stable after reaching the limit value. To sum up, the application of network financial technology data risk assessment based on portfolio weighting can improve the basic evaluation of network information node fault tolerance.The network information output equals to 1 × 107 T as the starting point and the network information output equals to 9 × 107 T as the ending point, which shall be, respectively, recorded in this interval. The specific changes in the time of data information sharing after the application of the methods of this paper and methods of reference [3, 4, 16, 17] are shown in Figure 8.Figure 8
Data sharing time plot. (a) Experiment I. (b) Experiment II.
(a)(b)Figure8 records the results of two different sets of numerical changes. The data sharing time increases with the increase of the output of network information. Generally, the data sharing time using methods in reference [3] and methods in reference [4] increases more, and that using the method in this article increases little. From the extreme point of view, the maximum value of this method is only 0.80 ms, which is much lower than the maximum value of 1.18 ms in the methods of reference [3]. In conclusion, the risk assessment of network financial science and technology data based on combinatorial weighting can effectively control the sharing time of data information.In order to further verify the accuracy of risk assessment of network financial science and technology data based on combinatorial weighting, the method is tested by multiple linear regression analysis. Table3 shows the evaluation table of risk value and actual deviation of risk assessment of technical data of network finance based on portfolio weighting.Table 3
Assessment of deviations from expert expectations and assessment of risk values.
SETOBD (%)RESANRMKRVPCQR18056283.982324.55LW2201542.564112.03LW3351791.987130.55LV4202251.212140.33LW5191431.16960LW6191131.185120LW7541131.284101.13LW82929142.439122.04LW9821731.147101.13LW103139232.092123.76LVIn Table3, SE is the time series, SA is the sales volume, NR is the number of evaluations, MK is the number of comments marked as conspiracy, RV is the risk value, PC is the payment conversion rate, QR is the quality refund rate, RE is the expert expectation analysis and risk value, TO is the abnormal assessment risk assessment of the dataset, BD is the back-end data, LW is the expected number, and LV is the better number. Using the cumulative frequency and cumulative probability of the sample of risk assessment of network financial technological data based on combination assignment, the coordinate system is established and the sample quality in the abnormal assessment of network financial technological data is shown in the coordinate system through the scatter points. If the sample points of abnormal assessment of network financial technological data are diagonal distribution, the normal distribution is followed. Standard diagram for residuals in multiple linear regression analysis is shown in Figure 9. Residual distribution in multivariate linear regression analysis is shown in Figure 10.Figure 9
Standard diagram for residuals in multiple linear regression analysis.Figure 10
Residual distribution in multivariate linear regression analysis.The residual is distributed in bell shape, and the residual can choose the normal curve of output, so the residual of abnormal risk assessment of network financial technology obeys the positive distribution. Figure10 is the residual distribution chart in the multisource linear regression analysis of the risk assessment method of network financial technology anomaly assessment based on combination weighting. Figures 9 and 10 show that the abnormal assessment risk value of network finance science and technology based on the combination weighted method is normal distribution, which verifies that the accuracy of the method is high.The risk existing in an online finance technology assessment is assessed by adopting the risk assessment method of abnormal assessment of online finance technology based on portfolio empowerment. The basic information of the online finance technology assessment is the seller’s reputation: blue diamond; buyer’s reputation: ordinary; commodity: humidifier; price: CNY60; logistics: Yuantong; and safeguard measures: consumer protection services. The assessment process for adopting the risk assessment method of abnormal assessment of online finance technology based on portfolio empowerment is as follows.The set of evaluation indicators for abnormal evaluation of network finance technology is as follows:X = {high risk x1, higher risk x2, medium risk x3, lower risk x4, low-risk x5}. According to the results of investigation and statistics, the weights of the evaluation indicators at the criterion level are (0.3, 0.45, 0.55). The evaluation indicators at the indicator level and the distribution of the basic credibility are obtained through the Delphi method. Table 4 is the reliability table of the data of the evaluation indicators for abnormal evaluation of network finance technology based on combination weighted.Table 4
Reliability scale.
MBCZZCGFJGZFJDDFBQJYFYH0.040.230.310.4400PT0.080.180.290.390.070JJY0.070.210.320.340.070In Table4, BQ represents uncertainty, and Table 5 represents the ultimate reliability of risk assessment using a combination of weighted approaches to assess technological anomalies in network finance. Final credibility is shown in Table 5.Table 5
Final credibility.
MBCGFJGZFJDDFBQJYF0.050.1790.3210.3910.0530The risk value of the abnormal assessment of network finance technology is calculated, and the risk value of the abnormal assessment of network finance technology is 0.45. The risk value of the abnormal assessment is medium, which indicates that there are assessment risks in the abnormal assessment of online finance technology. The risk assessment method of the abnormal assessment of online finance technology based on combination empowerment removes the uncertainties and strengthens the main assessment indicators. Figure11 shows the comparison between the assessment results obtained by using the risk assessment method of the abnormal assessment of online finance technology based on combination empowerment and the actual assessment results.Figure 11
Comparison of the proposed method with the actual assessment results.Figure11 shows that in four experiments, the result of abnormal evaluation of Internet finance science and technology obtained by using the method of abnormal evaluation of Internet finance science and technology based on combination weighting is almost the same as that of the actual abnormal evaluation of Internet finance science and technology. It is verified that the evaluation result obtained by using the method of abnormal evaluation of Internet finance science and technology based on combination weighting is more accurate and can reflect the situation of the same.


## 4. Conclusion and Prospects

### 4.1. Conclusion

The application of risk assessment of network financial technology data based on portfolio weighting can realize the original intention of improving the basic assessment error tolerance rate of network information nodes, and the risk value of abnormal assessment of network financial technology obtained is subject to normal distribution. There is assessment risk in the abnormal assessment of network financial technology. The risk assessment method of abnormal assessment of network financial technology based on portfolio weighting has handled the removal of uncertain factors and strengthened the main assessment indicators; the assessment results obtained by the risk assessment method of abnormal assessment of network financial technology based on portfolio weighting can reflect the situation in the abnormal assessment of network financial technology.


### 4.2. Prospects

Due to the limitations of regulatory policies and channel sources, the data resources used in this study are based on combination weighted data. We determine the risk index of network financial S&T data, calculate the weight of risk data in network S&T data, search the risk data characteristic quantity in networks according to network S&T risk index, and complete the extraction of risk data. In the next step, the sources and types of data may be expanded and more external data sources such as the Internet and the Internet of Things may be incorporated while the data value and advantages of network finance science and technology are brought into play. In terms of data types, although the majority of financial data is structured data, more unstructured data, such as voice, text, and image, may be tried to be combined in the future. For example, voice information, network points, ATM, and other video and image acquisition of personal image video data can be tried to be included in the scope of data used in research. Through the integration of more resources and personalized data, personal portrait can be displayed from the whole picture, especially from the perspective of credit to enrich and improve personal credit portrait, further reducing information asymmetry.


## 4.1. Conclusion

The application of risk assessment of network financial technology data based on portfolio weighting can realize the original intention of improving the basic assessment error tolerance rate of network information nodes, and the risk value of abnormal assessment of network financial technology obtained is subject to normal distribution. There is assessment risk in the abnormal assessment of network financial technology. The risk assessment method of abnormal assessment of network financial technology based on portfolio weighting has handled the removal of uncertain factors and strengthened the main assessment indicators; the assessment results obtained by the risk assessment method of abnormal assessment of network financial technology based on portfolio weighting can reflect the situation in the abnormal assessment of network financial technology.


## 4.2. Prospects

Due to the limitations of regulatory policies and channel sources, the data resources used in this study are based on combination weighted data. We determine the risk index of network financial S&T data, calculate the weight of risk data in network S&T data, search the risk data characteristic quantity in networks according to network S&T risk index, and complete the extraction of risk data. In the next step, the sources and types of data may be expanded and more external data sources such as the Internet and the Internet of Things may be incorporated while the data value and advantages of network finance science and technology are brought into play. In terms of data types, although the majority of financial data is structured data, more unstructured data, such as voice, text, and image, may be tried to be combined in the future. For example, voice information, network points, ATM, and other video and image acquisition of personal image video data can be tried to be included in the scope of data used in research. Through the integration of more resources and personalized data, personal portrait can be displayed from the whole picture, especially from the perspective of credit to enrich and improve personal credit portrait, further reducing information asymmetry.



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