# An Internet of Things-Based Empirical Study on the Coordination between Rural Economic Development and Ecological Environment Conflict for Luoyang

Authors: Wei Yan
Journal: Mobile Information Systems
 (2022)

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## Abstract

At present, key elements of the Internet of Things (IoT) are becoming increasingly affordable, making the technology incredibly attractive to many countries, particularly China. Collecting data from multiple IoT resources and combining them with data from other sources lead to significant rural economic development, ecological environment, and ecological and environmental ramifications in these nations. The most visible effects of the IoT in these nations include advances in rural economic growth, environmental conflict, and the efficiency of critical sectors. Furthermore, the IoT has the potential to revolutionize the industrial and commercial sectors, notably in terms of data confidentiality and information security. It is required to conduct an empirical study on the coordinated interaction between rural economic growth and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang using an IoT environment. Because the IoT plays a key role in economic growth and the ecological environment, this study examines the coordination of rural economic development and ecological environment conflict in Luoyang’s IoT environment. To analyze the original data for the establishment of index weight, it first employs the enhanced entropy approach by building the coordinated assessment index scheme of rural financial development and environmental surroundings conflict in the IoT environment of Luoyang. Second, it calculates the benefits of rural financial growth and the environmental surroundings benefit index of Luoyang. Then, it carried out the Pearson correlation analysis of the abovementioned calculation results using SPSS software that uses the layered architecture of the IoT, and the degree of conflict and coordination among rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang is judged by referring to relevant standards from 2010 to 2019. The experimental result of this study indicates that the conflict coordination state between rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang has gradually enhanced. Through this study, local decision makers can give additional consideration to the balance between economic development and the coordination of ecological environmental conflicts, especially those indicators that have a great influence on the coordinated development of the two.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

In the current modern world, the world’s ecological environment and economic development are going through considerable change as a result of the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT). The confluence of multiple developments, including advancements in inexpensive devices and sensors, scalable network connection, and the maturation of mobile, cloud, and big data paradigms, is noteworthy concerning the attractiveness of the IoT in tackling the area’s current significant concerns. These supporting technologies have aided users in realizing the advantages of the Internet of Things. Besides, this modern environment economic sector is a service business that combines transportation, warehousing, logistics services, and information technology. It covers a wide range of topics and is crucial in promoting items and driving domestic demand. The environment economic sector is undergoing great expansion as a result of the rapid development of the manufacturing economy and the emergence of the consumer market [1]. The environment economic sector has placed a high value on decision-making departments as a critical component of economic growth. Internet-based technologies, such as the IoT, add management, mechanization, incorporation of ecological finances, and information technology to the environmental economics sector. Furthermore, procedure control skills bring to the industrial surroundings the capability not only to increase economic effectiveness and cost regulator but also to make stronger economic and environmental advantages and effectively enhance the information standards of businesses and associated regions to drive industrial growth.Based on the foregoing, information and communication technologies have evolved into a collection of tools current in daily life and the financial division, growing supply, defining the creation of novel facilities, and, finally, encouraging cost savings, all of which have an impact on an organization’s management platform. Thus, the corporation is ruled over by advances centered on communication and information technologies, among which is the progress brought about by communication systems. In 2020, the IoT increased rapidly at the corporate level, with Asia experiencing the fastest growth (18%), North America experiencing the fastest growth (15%), and Europe experiencing the lowest percentage (9.8%) [2]. Their communication sensors allow them to communicate information and data only through technology, without the need for human intervention.In addition to the above, with the constant growth and progress of human society, the relationship between man and nature is also changing, and human cognition of nature is also gradually deepening. Meanwhile, the idea of sustainable growth was put forward at the conference on environment and development in 1992, nations all over the globe have begun to pay consideration to environmental issues, and how to reach an agreement with the association between economic development and ecological defense is the top priority [3, 4]. The traditional mode of economic growth is extensive, mainly by sacrificing the environment to promote economic development, which leads to increasingly serious ecological environment problems in the process of regional economic development and poses a great threat to human survival and development. The conflict and uncoordinated association between financial growth and the ecological environment have become a huge problem faced by regional development, and ecological environmental problems have begun to hinder the healthy and sustainable development of the regional economy [5, 6]. To solve a sequence of environmental and conservational complications brought about by the process of economic growth, China adopted the “China Agenda 21” in 1994. It marked the official implementation of the sustainable development strategy in China and officially launched the pilot project of building ecological demonstration areas in 1995. The development aim of constructing an environmental protection demonstration city was proposed in the tenth five-year plan. At the 17th National Congress held in 2008, the concept of ecological civilization construction was first put forward and included in the party constitution, which demonstrates the importance of coordinated growth between economic development and the ecological situation [7, 8].The innovations of this study are as follows: (1) This study conducts an empirical investigation in the IoT environment of Luoyang on the coordination of rural economic growth and ecological environment conflict. As per the principles of establishing the indexing scheme and the real condition of Luoyang, this research builds the index scheme of the financial organization and environmental systems. After standardizing the novel data of the index and obtaining the weight, the coupling degree model and coupling coordination degree model are used to calculate the coupling degree result of the economy and environment in Luoyang. In addition, according to the standard of coordinated development, we judge the stage of the coordinated growth level of economic and environmental coupling in the IoT environment of Luoyang. (2) Taking the villages of Luoyang as the investigation object, this research explores the coordinated development process, law of rural financial growth, and ecological environmental conflict by studying the empirical relationship between rural economic development and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang. Through this study, we hope to provide some references and feasible references for realizing rural revitalization and building beautiful villages in China.The organization of the rest of this research work is as follows: Section2 presents the pertinent research of other researchers in the chosen field. Section 3 is based on the materials and methods chosen for coordinating rural economic growth and environmental conflict in Luoyang. Section 4 depicts the evolution of a conflict model between rural economic growth and the natural environment. The study’s outcomes and analysis are reported in Section 5, and the conclusion is offered in Section 6, which is the final portion of this work.


## 2. Related Work

To understand the function of IoT coordination between rural economic growth and ecological environment conflict in the Luoyang Internet of Things environment, it is necessary to first comprehend the many reasons for underdevelopment and development. According to our study of the literature, previous scholars identified basic and proximal reasons for wealth and poverty. Institutions, culture, and geography are all arguably important drivers of wealth. Physical capital disparities, technological differences, human resource differences, and market functioning are all proximal factors. Furthermore, the causes of economic decline are interrelated. For example, in China’s Luoyang city, a shortage of human capital has resulted in a poor rate of structural capital formation. Due to diverse economic theories and environmental development at various phases of economic and social development, foreign theoretical study on the relationship between the economy and the ecological environment is necessary. Because of the various degrees of science and technology, as well as the limitations of people’s comprehension, economists place varying emphasis on this study and reach different conclusions. Foreign theoretical research on the relationship between the economic environments is mainly reflected in two aspects: the first one is whether there is a limit to economic growth caused by the environment and the second one is about the circumstances for the coordinated growth of the economy and surroundings. On the one hand, aiming at the problem of the limit of economic growth, the first is the Club of Rome, led by meadows in 1972. Some economists published the report “the limit of growth” and first put forward this concept. The publication of this report triggered an extensive and fierce debate among economists on whether there is a limit to economic growth. The debate is mainly divided into two factions: pessimism and optimism. The pessimism represented by Mishan (1967) believes that while economic growth provides more material enjoyment to mankind, it also brings more pollutants and the continuous decline of environmental quality, which turns welfare into a negative effect. The optimism represented by Cole (1973) believes that as long as the growth rate of resources is faster than that of population and consumption, the economic system cannot collapse, and there is no limit problem. Domestic research on the coordination relationship between regional economic development and ecological environmental conflict began in the 1990s. The more representative ones are the quantitative analysis methods based on the coordinated development model, which is used to quantitatively analyze the coordination relationship between economic development and ecological environmental conflict in the Pearl River Delta region [9]. Based on the coordinated development trend index method, this method is used to compare and analyze the coordinated relationship between tourism economic development and ecological environmental conflicts in Haikou and Sanya in Hainan Province [10]. Based on the method of integrating the coordination degree and obstacle degree models, this model is used to comprehensively evaluate the coordination state of economic development and ecological environment conflict in the process of urbanization in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, and further analyze the obstacles [11]. The abovementioned methods and models mainly focus on the conflict and coordination between urban economic development and the ecological environment and do not pay attention to the relationship between economic development and the ecological environment in rural areas.Nowadays, the contradiction between China’s ecological environmental problems and economic development has become increasingly prominent and has expanded to become a key topic of common concern all over the world, which is related to how to achieve harmony between man and nature in the future. This is also the development goal pursued by all countries in the world [12, 13]. In particular, the rapid rise of rural tourism in recent years has brought great pressure on the ecological surroundings. It is imperative to study the coordination relationship between rural financial development and environmental environment conflict [14, 15]. Therefore, this study evaluates and empirically analyzes the coordinated growth level of the rural economy and ecological environment conflict in Luoyang from 2010 to 2019 in Henan Province using the IoT. It concludes that, in the future, China should place emphasis on these indicators with greater weight. The coupling degree between rural economic growth and the ecological situation in Luoyang is relatively high, indicating that there is a coordination relationship between the two.


## 3. Materials and Methodology

### 3.1. Multidimensional Collaborative Management Framework of Coordination between Rural Economic Development and Ecological Environment Based on the Internet of Things

The environmental economy and the unfavorable environment are two aspects of multidimensional ecological economic cooperation. This economy encompasses not only waste goods recovery but also the categorization, identification, and disassembly of manufacturing and reprocessing reverse ecological economic processes. However, it also comprises new and reprocessing product storage, distribution, and significant environmental financial procedure allocation, and the network model is complicated, with numerous linkages. As a result, full utilization of the IoT, cloud services, big data, and other technologies for communication and information is required. The system in different areas and nodes should be anticipated with information exchange and communication platforms. Intelligent multidimensional ecological financial activity should be executed, with control being especially vital. The cooperative organization unit is both the particular object and objective of the actual implementation of the information synergy outcomes, as well as the source of data and information for improving the manufacturing of the environment economics to achieve information synergy. As a result, the cooperative organization unit is the bedrock and heart of multifunctional ecological financial data synergy. Figure1 illustrates the design using the three-layer IoT architecture. The data included in the multidimensional ecological financial coordinated organization, match organization, choice organization, and cooperative organization 4 function components may be separated into cooperation and collaboration, sensory acknowledgment, data transmission, data sharing, and request services, depending on the information service level.Figure 1
Design based on the three-layer IoT architecture.According to the figure mentioned above, resource integration focuses mostly on the dimensions of environmental and economic involvement in the firm, and remanufacturing of car parts as well as other material resources are categorized and combined. Simultaneously, the physical qualities of numerous types of resources, as well as the organization features of information coding and classifying, must be provided with perceptual and communication components. It serves as the physical foundation for the IoT to see and identify things as well as gather data and information. Awareness recognition denotes the physical assets used in remanufacturing infrastructures, industrial equipment, and automotive components such as radio frequency identification systems, sensors, GPS, and wireless sensors. Furthermore, the multidimensional environment’s physical amount of economic material assets such as chemical compositions and biomass is translated into digital signals, associated processing, and communication tasks. This allows for the dynamic sensing and identification of physical production resources. Furthermore, real-time and reliable information collection for remanufacturing data coordination may be accomplished.In addition to the above, control and data information can be exchanged bidirectionally and dynamically. Data incorporation is built on cloud computing, including cloud services, virtual machines, and database information retrieval skills for examining different database provisions via mass information storing, comparable computation and mining, comprehensive smart enormous data computation, and the incorporation of multisensor heterogeneous sensory processing data. It satisfies the need for comprehensive environmental coordination and financial organization data. A request facility is created on a service-oriented design, which is achieved through cloud technology, big data, and fuzzy recognition of intelligent computer technologies, including developing multidimensional ecological financial key connections and varied industry demands of the application program service platform. The use of various modular functions, as well as the coordinated administration of multidimensional ecological economical information, allows for rapid and predictable deployment and development.


### 3.2. Economical and Ecological Environment Evaluation System

#### 3.2.1. Data Sources

The data required for this study are mainly from the Henan statistical yearbook, China Environmental Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, and Henan statistical bulletin of national financial and social growth from 2010 to 2019 [16, 17].


#### 3.2.2. Building the Index System

This study chooses three functional groups of ecological foundation, ecological pressure, and ecological response to describe the objective(X) of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang; Three functional groups, rural economic benefits, farmers’ quality of life, and the current situation of agricultural development, are selected to describe the rural economic development goal (Y) of Luoyang.By discussing the current research outcomes, together with the current situation of rural financial growth in Luoyang and the opinions of industry experts [18, 19], this article studies and selects 22 indicators to build an assessment index scheme for the coordinated growth of rural financial growth and environmental situation conflict in Luoyang. The specific index system is shown in Tables 1 and 2. The data in the tables are the standardized data obtained from the original data after the range method is used [20, 21]. Among them, the index weight value is mainly calculated by the improved entropy method, which can effectively reflect the index information entropy utility value [22].Table 1
Benefit index of rural economic development in Luoyang.
Element layerIndex layerCodeInformation entropyWeightForwardRural economic benefits (YA)Proportion of agricultural GDP in GDP (%)y10.9810.063ForwardLabor productivity (Yuan/person)y20.9800.089ForwardGrain per capita (kg/person)y30.9780.055ForwardPer capita share of livestock products (kg)y40.9780.032ForwardFarmers’ living standards (YB)Per capita net income of farmers (Yuan)y50.9850.077ForwardEngel coefficient of farmers (%)y60.9790.121Negative directionNumber of health centers owned by farmers per 1000 peopley70.9900.156ForwardCurrent situation of agricultural development (YC)Cultivated land area per capita (hm2/person)y80.9830.122ForwardTotal momentum of agricultural machinery (kw)y90.9760.112ForwardAgricultural land productivity (Yuan/hm2)y10.09840.047ForwardProportion of effective irrigation area (%)y110.9850.127ForwardTable 2
Benefit index of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang.
Element layerIndex layerCodeInformation entropyWeightForwardEcological basis (XA)Forest coverage (%)x10.9890.093ForwardWater resources per capita (m3)x20.9840.099ForwardAnnual average concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere (%)x30.9900.108Negative directionProportion of sections meeting the specified water quality category in the total monitoring (%)x40.9940.109ForwardEcological pressure (Xb)Use of agricultural chemical fertilizer (T)x50.9860.078Negative directionPesticide usage (T)x60.9790.103Negative directionUsage of mulching film (T)x70.9730.050Negative directionPopulation growth rate (%)x80.9790.084ForwardEcological response (XC)Environmental protection investment (Yuan)x90.9800.119ForwardInvestment in water and soil loss control (Yuan)x100.9920.082ForwardAfforestation area in that year hm2x11x0.9780.075Forward


## 3.1. Multidimensional Collaborative Management Framework of Coordination between Rural Economic Development and Ecological Environment Based on the Internet of Things

The environmental economy and the unfavorable environment are two aspects of multidimensional ecological economic cooperation. This economy encompasses not only waste goods recovery but also the categorization, identification, and disassembly of manufacturing and reprocessing reverse ecological economic processes. However, it also comprises new and reprocessing product storage, distribution, and significant environmental financial procedure allocation, and the network model is complicated, with numerous linkages. As a result, full utilization of the IoT, cloud services, big data, and other technologies for communication and information is required. The system in different areas and nodes should be anticipated with information exchange and communication platforms. Intelligent multidimensional ecological financial activity should be executed, with control being especially vital. The cooperative organization unit is both the particular object and objective of the actual implementation of the information synergy outcomes, as well as the source of data and information for improving the manufacturing of the environment economics to achieve information synergy. As a result, the cooperative organization unit is the bedrock and heart of multifunctional ecological financial data synergy. Figure1 illustrates the design using the three-layer IoT architecture. The data included in the multidimensional ecological financial coordinated organization, match organization, choice organization, and cooperative organization 4 function components may be separated into cooperation and collaboration, sensory acknowledgment, data transmission, data sharing, and request services, depending on the information service level.Figure 1
Design based on the three-layer IoT architecture.According to the figure mentioned above, resource integration focuses mostly on the dimensions of environmental and economic involvement in the firm, and remanufacturing of car parts as well as other material resources are categorized and combined. Simultaneously, the physical qualities of numerous types of resources, as well as the organization features of information coding and classifying, must be provided with perceptual and communication components. It serves as the physical foundation for the IoT to see and identify things as well as gather data and information. Awareness recognition denotes the physical assets used in remanufacturing infrastructures, industrial equipment, and automotive components such as radio frequency identification systems, sensors, GPS, and wireless sensors. Furthermore, the multidimensional environment’s physical amount of economic material assets such as chemical compositions and biomass is translated into digital signals, associated processing, and communication tasks. This allows for the dynamic sensing and identification of physical production resources. Furthermore, real-time and reliable information collection for remanufacturing data coordination may be accomplished.In addition to the above, control and data information can be exchanged bidirectionally and dynamically. Data incorporation is built on cloud computing, including cloud services, virtual machines, and database information retrieval skills for examining different database provisions via mass information storing, comparable computation and mining, comprehensive smart enormous data computation, and the incorporation of multisensor heterogeneous sensory processing data. It satisfies the need for comprehensive environmental coordination and financial organization data. A request facility is created on a service-oriented design, which is achieved through cloud technology, big data, and fuzzy recognition of intelligent computer technologies, including developing multidimensional ecological financial key connections and varied industry demands of the application program service platform. The use of various modular functions, as well as the coordinated administration of multidimensional ecological economical information, allows for rapid and predictable deployment and development.


## 3.2. Economical and Ecological Environment Evaluation System

### 3.2.1. Data Sources

The data required for this study are mainly from the Henan statistical yearbook, China Environmental Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, and Henan statistical bulletin of national financial and social growth from 2010 to 2019 [16, 17].


### 3.2.2. Building the Index System

This study chooses three functional groups of ecological foundation, ecological pressure, and ecological response to describe the objective(X) of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang; Three functional groups, rural economic benefits, farmers’ quality of life, and the current situation of agricultural development, are selected to describe the rural economic development goal (Y) of Luoyang.By discussing the current research outcomes, together with the current situation of rural financial growth in Luoyang and the opinions of industry experts [18, 19], this article studies and selects 22 indicators to build an assessment index scheme for the coordinated growth of rural financial growth and environmental situation conflict in Luoyang. The specific index system is shown in Tables 1 and 2. The data in the tables are the standardized data obtained from the original data after the range method is used [20, 21]. Among them, the index weight value is mainly calculated by the improved entropy method, which can effectively reflect the index information entropy utility value [22].Table 1
Benefit index of rural economic development in Luoyang.
Element layerIndex layerCodeInformation entropyWeightForwardRural economic benefits (YA)Proportion of agricultural GDP in GDP (%)y10.9810.063ForwardLabor productivity (Yuan/person)y20.9800.089ForwardGrain per capita (kg/person)y30.9780.055ForwardPer capita share of livestock products (kg)y40.9780.032ForwardFarmers’ living standards (YB)Per capita net income of farmers (Yuan)y50.9850.077ForwardEngel coefficient of farmers (%)y60.9790.121Negative directionNumber of health centers owned by farmers per 1000 peopley70.9900.156ForwardCurrent situation of agricultural development (YC)Cultivated land area per capita (hm2/person)y80.9830.122ForwardTotal momentum of agricultural machinery (kw)y90.9760.112ForwardAgricultural land productivity (Yuan/hm2)y10.09840.047ForwardProportion of effective irrigation area (%)y110.9850.127ForwardTable 2
Benefit index of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang.
Element layerIndex layerCodeInformation entropyWeightForwardEcological basis (XA)Forest coverage (%)x10.9890.093ForwardWater resources per capita (m3)x20.9840.099ForwardAnnual average concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere (%)x30.9900.108Negative directionProportion of sections meeting the specified water quality category in the total monitoring (%)x40.9940.109ForwardEcological pressure (Xb)Use of agricultural chemical fertilizer (T)x50.9860.078Negative directionPesticide usage (T)x60.9790.103Negative directionUsage of mulching film (T)x70.9730.050Negative directionPopulation growth rate (%)x80.9790.084ForwardEcological response (XC)Environmental protection investment (Yuan)x90.9800.119ForwardInvestment in water and soil loss control (Yuan)x100.9920.082ForwardAfforestation area in that year hm2x11x0.9780.075Forward


## 3.2.1. Data Sources

The data required for this study are mainly from the Henan statistical yearbook, China Environmental Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, and Henan statistical bulletin of national financial and social growth from 2010 to 2019 [16, 17].


## 3.2.2. Building the Index System

This study chooses three functional groups of ecological foundation, ecological pressure, and ecological response to describe the objective(X) of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang; Three functional groups, rural economic benefits, farmers’ quality of life, and the current situation of agricultural development, are selected to describe the rural economic development goal (Y) of Luoyang.By discussing the current research outcomes, together with the current situation of rural financial growth in Luoyang and the opinions of industry experts [18, 19], this article studies and selects 22 indicators to build an assessment index scheme for the coordinated growth of rural financial growth and environmental situation conflict in Luoyang. The specific index system is shown in Tables 1 and 2. The data in the tables are the standardized data obtained from the original data after the range method is used [20, 21]. Among them, the index weight value is mainly calculated by the improved entropy method, which can effectively reflect the index information entropy utility value [22].Table 1
Benefit index of rural economic development in Luoyang.
Element layerIndex layerCodeInformation entropyWeightForwardRural economic benefits (YA)Proportion of agricultural GDP in GDP (%)y10.9810.063ForwardLabor productivity (Yuan/person)y20.9800.089ForwardGrain per capita (kg/person)y30.9780.055ForwardPer capita share of livestock products (kg)y40.9780.032ForwardFarmers’ living standards (YB)Per capita net income of farmers (Yuan)y50.9850.077ForwardEngel coefficient of farmers (%)y60.9790.121Negative directionNumber of health centers owned by farmers per 1000 peopley70.9900.156ForwardCurrent situation of agricultural development (YC)Cultivated land area per capita (hm2/person)y80.9830.122ForwardTotal momentum of agricultural machinery (kw)y90.9760.112ForwardAgricultural land productivity (Yuan/hm2)y10.09840.047ForwardProportion of effective irrigation area (%)y110.9850.127ForwardTable 2
Benefit index of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang.
Element layerIndex layerCodeInformation entropyWeightForwardEcological basis (XA)Forest coverage (%)x10.9890.093ForwardWater resources per capita (m3)x20.9840.099ForwardAnnual average concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere (%)x30.9900.108Negative directionProportion of sections meeting the specified water quality category in the total monitoring (%)x40.9940.109ForwardEcological pressure (Xb)Use of agricultural chemical fertilizer (T)x50.9860.078Negative directionPesticide usage (T)x60.9790.103Negative directionUsage of mulching film (T)x70.9730.050Negative directionPopulation growth rate (%)x80.9790.084ForwardEcological response (XC)Environmental protection investment (Yuan)x90.9800.119ForwardInvestment in water and soil loss control (Yuan)x100.9920.082ForwardAfforestation area in that year hm2x11x0.9780.075Forward


## 4. Construction of a Conflict Model between Rural Economic Development and the Ecological Environment

Figure2 illustrates a complete cooperative architecture of multidimensional economy and the environment in the IoT environment. The purpose of this model is to accomplish intensive and lean management of the multidimensional economy and environment.Figure 2
Multidimensional coordination model of rural economic development and the ecological environment.As per the abovementioned figure, a business procedure is primarily the sequencing from the design and planning stages to the subsequent updated phase in time, and its foundation is the method of the control scheme and execution throughout the project’s life cycle. The closed-loop monitoring of the entire process is an important component of lean implementation since it optimizes and improves the existing business process. As a core component of asset cooperative management, business process cooperation must be thoroughly investigated and refined to enhance the existing business procedure and achieve fundamental cost, quality, and improved efficiency. The cooperative procedure system continues to optimize company processes collaboratively from the viewpoint of multidimensional environment economics, which uses this core activity as the principal line of operation. This work standardizes and coordinates substance organization from the supplier of the multidimensional ecological scheme to guarantee a seamless linking of business operations till the termination of the multidimensional environmental economic system, and we enhance the backward multidimensional ecological coordination planning and claim development top organization commercial relationships and transmission of information.


### 4.1. Luoyang Rural Economic Development Benefit and Ecological Environment Benefit Index

Supposex1,x2,…,x11 and y1,y2,…,y11 are used to describe Luoyang rural economic development benefit index and Luoyang rural ecological environment benefit index, respectively, and the functional relationship between the two can be expressed as(1)fx=∑i=1nwixi′,fy=∑j=1nwjyi′.In the abovementioned equation,fx and fy represent the Luoyang rural economic development benefit index and ecological environment benefit index, respectively. On the other hand, wi and wj, respectively, represent the weight of rural economic development benefit indicators and ecological environment benefit indicators in Luoyang. In addition, xi′ and yi′, respectively, represent the index values after standardization; n refers to the number of indicators. i and j correspond to various indicators of rural financial development benefits and ecological situation benefits in Luoyang correspondingly.


### 4.2. Index Correlation Analysis

The correlation investigation is a statistical device used to regulate whether or not there is a connection between two different factors and the strength of that association. A Pearson correlation analysis of the previously computed Luoyang rural economic development benefit indexf (x) and ecological environment benefit index f (y) is essential to regulate if the evaluation of the coordinated development degree of the conflict between the two is worthwhile [23]. If the Pearson correlation number between the two is larger than 0.6, it suggests that assessing the coordinated growth degree of Luoyang rural financial growth and environmental conflict is worthwhile. The specific calculation formula is given as(2)r=∑i=1nfxu−fx¯×fyu−fy¯∑i=1nfxu−fx¯2×fyu−fy¯2.In the abovementioned equation,u represents the specific year and r represents the Pearson correlation coefficient. The closer the absolute value of r is to 1, the stronger is the correlation between fx andfy.Using spss22.0 software to carry out Pearson correlation analysis on the sequence values offx and fy calculated above, r = 0.872 can be obtained, which shows that there is a positive correlation between Luoyang rural economic development benefit index fx and ecological environment benefit index fy.


### 4.3. Coordinated Development Degree Model

SPSS analyses data for qualitative and multivariate analysis statistics, numerical result forecasts, and grouping identification predictions. Data transformation, charting, and direct marketing capabilities are all included in the product. In its overall form, the software system shows open data analogous to a spreadsheet. The degree of coordinated development, also known as the coefficient of coordinated development, is used to quantitatively describe the degree of coordinated development between two or more systems. As shown in Figure3, the coupling mechanism between rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang is given. This study uses this model to judge the degree of coordination between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang. The specific calculation formula is given as(3)D=T1/24fxfyfx+fyk/2.Figure 3
Coupling mechanism between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang.In the abovementioned equation,k represents the adjustment coefficient, assuming k = 2, and T refers to the comprehensive assessment index of rural financial growth benefits and ecological environmental benefits in Luoyang. Similarly,D∈0,1, and the closer the value of D is to 1, the better the coordination degree is. On the contrary, the closer the value of D is to 0, the worse the coordination degree is.According to the abovementioned calculation, based on the existing research results, the judgment criteria for the coordination degree of rural economic development and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang are set as shown in Table3 [24].Table 3
Criteria for judging the degree of coordination between rural economic development and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang.
Numerical valueDegree of coordinated growthNumerical valueDegree of synchronized growth0 to.09Risky illness0.50 to 0.59Unwillingly manage0.10 to 0.19Severe illness0.60 to 0.69Key organization0.20 to 0.29Moderate illness0.70 to 0.79Middle organization0.30 to 0.39Mild illness0.80 to 0.89Decent organization0.40 to 0.49Edge of disorder0.90 to 1.00High-excellence organization


## 4.1. Luoyang Rural Economic Development Benefit and Ecological Environment Benefit Index

Supposex1,x2,…,x11 and y1,y2,…,y11 are used to describe Luoyang rural economic development benefit index and Luoyang rural ecological environment benefit index, respectively, and the functional relationship between the two can be expressed as(1)fx=∑i=1nwixi′,fy=∑j=1nwjyi′.In the abovementioned equation,fx and fy represent the Luoyang rural economic development benefit index and ecological environment benefit index, respectively. On the other hand, wi and wj, respectively, represent the weight of rural economic development benefit indicators and ecological environment benefit indicators in Luoyang. In addition, xi′ and yi′, respectively, represent the index values after standardization; n refers to the number of indicators. i and j correspond to various indicators of rural financial development benefits and ecological situation benefits in Luoyang correspondingly.


## 4.2. Index Correlation Analysis

The correlation investigation is a statistical device used to regulate whether or not there is a connection between two different factors and the strength of that association. A Pearson correlation analysis of the previously computed Luoyang rural economic development benefit indexf (x) and ecological environment benefit index f (y) is essential to regulate if the evaluation of the coordinated development degree of the conflict between the two is worthwhile [23]. If the Pearson correlation number between the two is larger than 0.6, it suggests that assessing the coordinated growth degree of Luoyang rural financial growth and environmental conflict is worthwhile. The specific calculation formula is given as(2)r=∑i=1nfxu−fx¯×fyu−fy¯∑i=1nfxu−fx¯2×fyu−fy¯2.In the abovementioned equation,u represents the specific year and r represents the Pearson correlation coefficient. The closer the absolute value of r is to 1, the stronger is the correlation between fx andfy.Using spss22.0 software to carry out Pearson correlation analysis on the sequence values offx and fy calculated above, r = 0.872 can be obtained, which shows that there is a positive correlation between Luoyang rural economic development benefit index fx and ecological environment benefit index fy.


## 4.3. Coordinated Development Degree Model

SPSS analyses data for qualitative and multivariate analysis statistics, numerical result forecasts, and grouping identification predictions. Data transformation, charting, and direct marketing capabilities are all included in the product. In its overall form, the software system shows open data analogous to a spreadsheet. The degree of coordinated development, also known as the coefficient of coordinated development, is used to quantitatively describe the degree of coordinated development between two or more systems. As shown in Figure3, the coupling mechanism between rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang is given. This study uses this model to judge the degree of coordination between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang. The specific calculation formula is given as(3)D=T1/24fxfyfx+fyk/2.Figure 3
Coupling mechanism between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang.In the abovementioned equation,k represents the adjustment coefficient, assuming k = 2, and T refers to the comprehensive assessment index of rural financial growth benefits and ecological environmental benefits in Luoyang. Similarly,D∈0,1, and the closer the value of D is to 1, the better the coordination degree is. On the contrary, the closer the value of D is to 0, the worse the coordination degree is.According to the abovementioned calculation, based on the existing research results, the judgment criteria for the coordination degree of rural economic development and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang are set as shown in Table3 [24].Table 3
Criteria for judging the degree of coordination between rural economic development and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang.
Numerical valueDegree of coordinated growthNumerical valueDegree of synchronized growth0 to.09Risky illness0.50 to 0.59Unwillingly manage0.10 to 0.19Severe illness0.60 to 0.69Key organization0.20 to 0.29Moderate illness0.70 to 0.79Middle organization0.30 to 0.39Mild illness0.80 to 0.89Decent organization0.40 to 0.49Edge of disorder0.90 to 1.00High-excellence organization


## 5. Results and Analysis

### 5.1. Investigation on the Development Trend of Rural Economy and Environmental Situation in Luoyang

We choose the year as the abscissa based on the empirical analysis results. The comprehensive evaluation functions of Luoyang rural financial growth and Luoyang rural ecological environment are chosen as the ordinates. We draw the line chart as shown in Figures4 and 5 to analyze the development and change trend of Luoyang’s rural financial growth and ecological environment.Figure 4
Comprehensive evaluation results of rural financial development in Luoyang.Figure 5
Comprehensive evaluation results of the rural environmental situation in Luoyang.It can be seen from the abovementioned figures that the comprehensive evaluation function of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang has always shown an upward trend from 2010 to 2019, which shows that the development of the rural environmental situation in Luoyang is changing in a good way. In addition to a slight decline in 2012, the overall trend of the complete assessment function value of rural financial development in Luoyang is also gradually improving. Besides, the complete assessment function value of rural economic development in Luoyang is lower than the comprehensive evaluation function value of the environmental situation from 2011 to 2013. In addition, the complete assessment function value of economic development in other years is greater than the complete assessment function value of the ecological environment, which shows that the growth speed of the rural economy in Luoyang is gradually accelerating. Hence, this growth speed is quicker than the defense of the ecological situation. In the ten years from 2010 to 2019, the complete assessment index value of the rural ecological situation and the complete assessment function value of economic development in Luoyang increased from 0.025 to 0.965 and from 0.188 to 1.098, respectively. The growth rates of both were very large, but the comprehensive evaluation function value of rural economic development in Luoyang decreased in 2012 and 2018, respectively. The fluctuation range before beginning the 2012 reduction was significant, whereas the fluctuation range before and following the 2018 decrease was insignificant. According to the abovementioned study, there are two inflection points in the complete evaluation function value of Luoyang rural economic development from 2010 to 2019, and the growth pattern is slightly complex. Since 2012, the comprehensive evaluation function value of Luoyang rural economic development has always been greater than the comprehensive evaluation function value of ecological development. The development trend of the comprehensive evaluation function value of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang is always rising.


### 5.2. Investigation of the Indicators That Have the Greatest Impact on the Results of Empirical Analysis

From the perspective of the index weight of Luoyang rural economic development benefit and ecological environment benefit, the principal component analysis method is used to weight each index in the abovementioned Luoyang rural economic development benefit index system and ecological environment benefit index system, and the results shown in Tables1 and 2 can be obtained. It can be seen from these tables that in the Luoyang rural ecological environment function group, the weight value of environmental protection investment is the largest, which is 0.119. After that, the section meets the specified water quality category, accounting for the total monitoring proportion, and the weight value is 0.109. It shows that the ecological environment benefit index of environmental protection investment has the greatest impact on the empirical analysis results. In addition, the section meets the specified water quality category, accounting for the total monitoring proportion. The index with the smallest weight is the use of plastic film, which is 0.050. The index with a slightly higher weight than the use of plastic film is the proportion of effective irrigation area, which is 0.075. It shows that the use of plastic film, an eco-environmental benefit index, has the least impact on the empirical analysis results, followed by the proportion of effective irrigation area.In Luoyang’s rural economic development functional group, the number of health centers owned by thousands of rural residents is the index with the largest weight, with a weight of 0.990, followed by the proportion of rural residents per capita net income and effective irrigation area, with a weight of 0.985, agricultural land productivity, per capita cultivated land area, and the proportion of agricultural GDP. The weight values are close, with 0.984, 0.983, and 0.981, respectively. This shows that the index of the number of health centers owned by rural residents per thousand has the greatest impact on the results of the empirical analysis. Of course, the two indicators of rural occupiers’ per capita net income and the proportion of effective irrigation area also have a great impact on the results of the empirical analysis. The index with the lowest weight value is the total power of agricultural machinery, which is 0.975, indicating that this index has the least impact on the results of empirical analysis. This shows that in the future, China should emphasize environmental protection investment.


### 5.3. Evaluation of the Degree of Coordinated Development between Rural Economic Development and the Ecological Environment in Luoyang

Based on the analysis of the coordinated development degree and division standard of rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang, as shown in Figures6 and 7, the coupling degree of the two and the broken line diagram of the calculation results of the coupling coordination degree are given, respectively.Figure 6
Evaluation of the coupling degree between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang.Figure 7
Evaluation of the coupling coordination degree between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang.As can be seen from Figure6, the coupling degree between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang as a whole showed an upward and downward trend, then increased and decreased, and finally, stabilized. From 2010 to 2013, the coupling degree between the two fluctuated between 0.385 and 1.000, and the floating range was relatively large. Between 2013 and 2019, the fluctuation range of the coupling degree of the two was very small, almost a straight line, and the coupling degree value of the two was relatively high in other years, floating around 0.9, except in 2010, when the coupling degree of the two was 0.385. However, the relatively high degree of coupling between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang can only indicate that there is a coordinated relationship between the two and cannot accurately describe the degree of coordination between the two.As can be seen from Figure7, the degree of coupling and coordination between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang has always been on the rise, and the floating range is relatively large. According to the comparison standard mentioned above, the coupling coordination degree of rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang has experienced four stages in the decade 2010–2019, including a mild imbalance in 2010, primary coordination in 2011–2012, good coordination in 2013–2014, and high-quality coordinated development in 2015–2019. This displays that with the incessant growth of the rural economy in Luoyang, the interaction between the ecological environment and economic development is deepening. The degree of coupling and coordination between the two is also increasing. Among them, the results of the coupling coordination degree from 2011 to 2012 and 2015 to 2019 show the ecological lag type, which shows that the development of the rural economy in Luoyang has caused a certain degree of damage to the ecological environment, which is the rapid economic development at the expense of the ecological environment. The result of the coupling coordination degree from 2012 to 2013 shows that the economy lags, indicating that the rural economy in Luoyang at this stage has a relatively low level of development and a slow development speed, which may be related to the imperfection of relevant laws and regulations and the weak awareness of residents on ecological environmental protection.


## 5.1. Investigation on the Development Trend of Rural Economy and Environmental Situation in Luoyang

We choose the year as the abscissa based on the empirical analysis results. The comprehensive evaluation functions of Luoyang rural financial growth and Luoyang rural ecological environment are chosen as the ordinates. We draw the line chart as shown in Figures4 and 5 to analyze the development and change trend of Luoyang’s rural financial growth and ecological environment.Figure 4
Comprehensive evaluation results of rural financial development in Luoyang.Figure 5
Comprehensive evaluation results of the rural environmental situation in Luoyang.It can be seen from the abovementioned figures that the comprehensive evaluation function of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang has always shown an upward trend from 2010 to 2019, which shows that the development of the rural environmental situation in Luoyang is changing in a good way. In addition to a slight decline in 2012, the overall trend of the complete assessment function value of rural financial development in Luoyang is also gradually improving. Besides, the complete assessment function value of rural economic development in Luoyang is lower than the comprehensive evaluation function value of the environmental situation from 2011 to 2013. In addition, the complete assessment function value of economic development in other years is greater than the complete assessment function value of the ecological environment, which shows that the growth speed of the rural economy in Luoyang is gradually accelerating. Hence, this growth speed is quicker than the defense of the ecological situation. In the ten years from 2010 to 2019, the complete assessment index value of the rural ecological situation and the complete assessment function value of economic development in Luoyang increased from 0.025 to 0.965 and from 0.188 to 1.098, respectively. The growth rates of both were very large, but the comprehensive evaluation function value of rural economic development in Luoyang decreased in 2012 and 2018, respectively. The fluctuation range before beginning the 2012 reduction was significant, whereas the fluctuation range before and following the 2018 decrease was insignificant. According to the abovementioned study, there are two inflection points in the complete evaluation function value of Luoyang rural economic development from 2010 to 2019, and the growth pattern is slightly complex. Since 2012, the comprehensive evaluation function value of Luoyang rural economic development has always been greater than the comprehensive evaluation function value of ecological development. The development trend of the comprehensive evaluation function value of the rural ecological environment in Luoyang is always rising.


## 5.2. Investigation of the Indicators That Have the Greatest Impact on the Results of Empirical Analysis

From the perspective of the index weight of Luoyang rural economic development benefit and ecological environment benefit, the principal component analysis method is used to weight each index in the abovementioned Luoyang rural economic development benefit index system and ecological environment benefit index system, and the results shown in Tables1 and 2 can be obtained. It can be seen from these tables that in the Luoyang rural ecological environment function group, the weight value of environmental protection investment is the largest, which is 0.119. After that, the section meets the specified water quality category, accounting for the total monitoring proportion, and the weight value is 0.109. It shows that the ecological environment benefit index of environmental protection investment has the greatest impact on the empirical analysis results. In addition, the section meets the specified water quality category, accounting for the total monitoring proportion. The index with the smallest weight is the use of plastic film, which is 0.050. The index with a slightly higher weight than the use of plastic film is the proportion of effective irrigation area, which is 0.075. It shows that the use of plastic film, an eco-environmental benefit index, has the least impact on the empirical analysis results, followed by the proportion of effective irrigation area.In Luoyang’s rural economic development functional group, the number of health centers owned by thousands of rural residents is the index with the largest weight, with a weight of 0.990, followed by the proportion of rural residents per capita net income and effective irrigation area, with a weight of 0.985, agricultural land productivity, per capita cultivated land area, and the proportion of agricultural GDP. The weight values are close, with 0.984, 0.983, and 0.981, respectively. This shows that the index of the number of health centers owned by rural residents per thousand has the greatest impact on the results of the empirical analysis. Of course, the two indicators of rural occupiers’ per capita net income and the proportion of effective irrigation area also have a great impact on the results of the empirical analysis. The index with the lowest weight value is the total power of agricultural machinery, which is 0.975, indicating that this index has the least impact on the results of empirical analysis. This shows that in the future, China should emphasize environmental protection investment.


## 5.3. Evaluation of the Degree of Coordinated Development between Rural Economic Development and the Ecological Environment in Luoyang

Based on the analysis of the coordinated development degree and division standard of rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang, as shown in Figures6 and 7, the coupling degree of the two and the broken line diagram of the calculation results of the coupling coordination degree are given, respectively.Figure 6
Evaluation of the coupling degree between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang.Figure 7
Evaluation of the coupling coordination degree between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang.As can be seen from Figure6, the coupling degree between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang as a whole showed an upward and downward trend, then increased and decreased, and finally, stabilized. From 2010 to 2013, the coupling degree between the two fluctuated between 0.385 and 1.000, and the floating range was relatively large. Between 2013 and 2019, the fluctuation range of the coupling degree of the two was very small, almost a straight line, and the coupling degree value of the two was relatively high in other years, floating around 0.9, except in 2010, when the coupling degree of the two was 0.385. However, the relatively high degree of coupling between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang can only indicate that there is a coordinated relationship between the two and cannot accurately describe the degree of coordination between the two.As can be seen from Figure7, the degree of coupling and coordination between rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang has always been on the rise, and the floating range is relatively large. According to the comparison standard mentioned above, the coupling coordination degree of rural economic development and the ecological environment in Luoyang has experienced four stages in the decade 2010–2019, including a mild imbalance in 2010, primary coordination in 2011–2012, good coordination in 2013–2014, and high-quality coordinated development in 2015–2019. This displays that with the incessant growth of the rural economy in Luoyang, the interaction between the ecological environment and economic development is deepening. The degree of coupling and coordination between the two is also increasing. Among them, the results of the coupling coordination degree from 2011 to 2012 and 2015 to 2019 show the ecological lag type, which shows that the development of the rural economy in Luoyang has caused a certain degree of damage to the ecological environment, which is the rapid economic development at the expense of the ecological environment. The result of the coupling coordination degree from 2012 to 2013 shows that the economy lags, indicating that the rural economy in Luoyang at this stage has a relatively low level of development and a slow development speed, which may be related to the imperfection of relevant laws and regulations and the weak awareness of residents on ecological environmental protection.


## 6. Conclusion

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging to impact every aspect of operation in all major sectors. The use of IoT technology and massive industrial machinery fosters the development of a new economy. The industrial IoT allows machines to connect with humans. It enhances the security, safety, and effectiveness of the system. These days, the IoT has the capacity to considerably improve economic effects such as coordinated economic growth and ecological environmental conflict. However, these have become a key issue of concern all over the world. In addition, it is also the top priority for China to implement the national policy of sustainable development strategy. Many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research and exploration in this area, and the evaluation methods are becoming more and more diverse and have made some achievements. Based on the previous research results, this study evaluates and empirically analyzes the coordinated development level of rural economy and ecological environment conflict in Luoyang from 2010 to 2019 in Henan Province using the IoT. The empirical analysis results show that the comprehensive evaluation function value of rural ecological environmental benefits in Luoyang shows an upward trend from 2010 to 2019, indicating that the overall development trend of the ecological environment is good. Although there are two fluctuations in the comprehensive evaluation function value of rural economic development in Luoyang, the overall situation is also gradually getting better. In the Luoyang rural economic development functional group, the number of health centers owned by rural residents per thousand is the index with the largest weight, with a weight of 0.990, followed by the proportion of rural residents per capita net income and effective irrigation area, with a weight of 0.985. In the future, China should focus on these indicators with greater weight. The degree of coupling coordination between the two has constantly been increasing, and the floating range is rather vast, ranging from a slight imbalance in 2010 to main coordination in 2011–2012, strong coordination in 2013–2014, and ultimately high-quality coordination in 2015–2019. This completely demonstrates that the coordination of rural economic growth and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang has increasingly improved, as has the coordination of development between the two.



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*Source: 2233656-2022-10-06.xml*