# A Grey Prediction Algorithm for Enterprise Human Resource Management Validity Model Construction and Improvement

Authors: Yajing Yang
Journal: Security and Communication Networks
 (2022)

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## Abstract

With the deepening development of economic globalization and world economic integration, all enterprises are faced with an increasingly complex and competitive living environment. Therefore, it is particularly important to formulate a human resource strategy suitable for the enterprise’s own development to cope with the external challenges and external competition of the enterprise. However, in the current management practice of state-owned enterprises including power supply enterprises in our country, it is rare to make strategic decisions on human resources by applying scientific, effective, and complete mathematical models. Taking construction enterprises as an example, this study combines human resource management, enterprise management, project management, comprehensive evaluation, and grey system and other theories to systematically study the effect of human resource management in enterprises, and finally constructs a suitable evaluation method for construction enterprises, and an assessment model for diagnosing its human resource management status. We provide practical guidance for the management of human resources in construction enterprises, which is conducive to human resource workers to discover existing problems in time and make improvements, give full play to the potential of human resources, and improve the level of human resource management and the value of enterprises.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

With the continuous development of economic globalization and high-speed integration of information, China’s enterprises are facing an increasingly complex, changing, and increasingly competitive living environment. If enterprises want to have a more relaxed and comfortable living space, and more long-term and broad development prospects, they must explore a more scientific, efficient, and rigorous system of sustainable development. In this development process, human resources play a particularly important role; human resources are not only the main resource of all resources but also the backbone of all positions in the enterprise; and the staffing of any position requires the solid support and coordination of human resources. The core of enterprise competition is the competition of human resources; human resources in turn affect the implementation of enterprise strategy; and there is an irreplaceable mutual force between enterprises and human resources [1]. Therefore, enterprises should attach great importance to human resources, increase the research, strength, and depth of human resource strategy, and make reasonable use of decision-making methods to make decisions on human resource strategy programs. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a human resource strategy in conjunction with the enterprise’s own situation and optimize resource allocation so as to establish core competitiveness in the current complex market environment of both opportunities and challenges [2].“Value evaluation” emphasizes the establishment of a scientific value evaluation and assessment system, which includes personality evaluation, professional behavior ability evaluation, and key performance index evaluation. First, personality evaluation refers to the evaluation of whether employees have the personality characteristics required by a position, or “theme characteristics.” To evaluate personality traits, we must first establish the quality model of various positions in the enterprise. For example, development positions, pilot test positions, and sales positions all require different quality requirements of employees, forming the quality model of different positions. On this basis, the corresponding evaluation system can be established to determine whether the relevant employees have the personality characteristics required by a certain position; second, the evaluation of professional behavior ability refers to the evaluation of whether employees have the job behavior ability required by a job or job competence.Human resource strategy plays an important supporting role in the expansion and long-term development of enterprises. With the development of economy, human resource strategy, as the first resource strategy in the economic knowledge era, has been highly valued by scholars and enterprise managers at home and abroad. The complex and changeable environment makes people gradually realize that the competition of all social and economic activities is fundamentally the competition of human resources. Human resource strategy is a set of binding and guiding management strategies on the selection, employment, and layoff of human resources, which involves goals, plans, and guidelines from the premise of external environment such as market environment, economic environment, political environment, and social environment in which the enterprise is located at home and abroad, and from the starting point of long-term development and overall interests of the enterprise [3]. Especially after China’s accession to the WTO, the competition for human resources in various industries has become more and more intense. Only with strong competitive human resources can enterprises achieve their ultimate strategic goals, promote the growth of efficiency, and finally maximize their profits. Modern human resources pay more attention to the strategic position of human resources in the enterprise, while human resource development and human resource quality are regarded as a holistic concept. Thus, it seems that making good strategic HR decisions is crucial for the company [4].The classical decision-making methods such as principal component analysis and ideal solution method have achieved relatively satisfactory results in deterministic decision-making work. However, in real life and social practice, people are often faced with an uncertain decision problem where some information is known and some information is unknown, and currently, the application of grey system theory to decision-making becomes the main trend [5]. Different decision methods have different scopes and fields of application; therefore, the comparative advantages and limitations of evaluation methods should be comprehensively and objectively analyzed; suitable evaluation methods should be explored according to specific fields and actual situations; and then, comprehensive decision models should be established.The purpose of this study is to embed rich scientific theoretical research and innovative thinking and concepts into the practical application of human resources in Chinese enterprises so that enterprises can better make effective decisions in human resource strategy, and a suitable decision-making method can be reached. The human resource strategic decision-making method with practical operation makes human resource human-oriented in management methods, transparent in salary management, and modern in management methods. The main frame schematic is shown below. By constructing a scientific and reasonable quantitative system, the difficult-to-solve human resource strategic decision-making problems can be effectively solved through objective and scientific qualitative and quantitative analysis, and the theoretical content of human resource disciplines can be enriched, scientific, and formalized [6]. At the same time, it can provide a new method and new tool for human resource decision-making, so that enterprises can better and more fully take human resources as an important starting point, mobilize the initiative and creativity of human resources, and then improve the labor productivity of enterprises. Long-term strategic goals and long-term development are shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Human resource evaluation block diagram.


## 2. State of the Art

Over the past hundred years, modern organizational management has shown a historical trend of “human nature gradually emerging,” which can be roughly divided into several stages: the era of labor management based on the classical management (especially Taylor’s scientific management) theory at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century; in the middle of the 20th century, the era of personnel management based on the theory of organizational behavior and interpersonal relationship; and at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the era of human resource management based on the human capital and strategic management theory.In recent years, under the background of digital technology network, globalization of market economy and humanization of social development, “people-oriented and strategic incentive,” have become the common direction and inevitable choice of all kinds of economic and social organizations in the world to obtain and maintain strategic competitive advantage and realize long-term sustainable development.After years of development, the human resource service industry has become a supporting industry in the service industry, and its development scale is large; Majchrzak et al. concluded from statistics that in the United States, outsourcing services account for more than one-half of the service industry; in addition, personnel outsourcing services account for the largest proportion of outsourcing services; and according to statistics, personnel services account for 10% of outsourcing services [7]. According to Mathematics - Grey System Theory, the growth trend of HR service outsourcing in the U.S. is obvious in recent years, with an average annual growth rate of about 9%, and through the analysis of the growth trend in recent years, they predict that the future demand for HR services is still on the rise [8]. The rapid development of the HR service industry has driven a large increase in social employment. Mathematics - Grey System Theory [9] showed that there is a positive relationship between the growth of the HR service industry and social employment rate. All the above scholars conclude that the HR service industry has a positive effect on social employment, and with this, some scholars have conducted targeted research on the development of the HR service industry itself. Wang et al. shows that the HR service industry has a positive effect on social employment [10]. Javanmardi et al. noted that firms should use HR service outsourcing for noncore activities, such as laundry services in the hospitality industry, and the operations such as security and environmental maintenance [11].Most studies suggest that HR service outsourcing can save costs and improve the core competitiveness of firms, and Mathematics - Grey System Theory studied which sector is more efficient when job placement services are provided by the public and private sectors, and the results showed that the private sector is more efficient than the public sector [12].Unlike our country, there is currently no clear and uniform definition of HR services in foreign countries. Many countries follow the systematic industrial classification dictionary to classify various industries in the national economy, but neither the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) nor the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) clearly classifies the human resource service industry as an independent category [13]. By searching the relevant data and literature, the classification methods of North American countries, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Singapore, where the human resource service industry is more developed, were sorted out. (1) North American countries. In the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) jointly implemented by the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, human resource service-related businesses are found in the following areas: (1) administrative and general management consulting services and human resource and senior management search consulting services; (2) employment services, including employment placement agencies, temporary support services, and employment services. (2) The UK differs from North America; in that, it classifies human resource services under the category of “business management and management consulting” in the “other business services” category [14]. This category can be divided into three smaller sorts: (1) Human resource management consulting; (2) labor recruitment and personnel services; (3) management training services. In the “other business services” category, there are “private employment agencies” and “unclassified services” related to human resource services. Among them, “unclassified services” includes two categories: “labor dispatch” and “unclassified services.” According to the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC), industries related to human resource services are mainly distributed in the following categories: (1) “human resource consulting services”; (2) employment services; and (3) professional and management development training.


## 3. Methodology

### 3.1. Overview of Human Resources

Corporate culture is the “character” of an enterprise and is the sum of the values, business ideas, group consciousness, and code of conduct formed by the enterprise in the process of long-term production and operation. A good corporate culture will have the following impact on the development of human resources: through the moisture of corporate culture, employees’ work enthusiasm is stimulated and employees’ enthusiasm is mobilized. Through the subtle influence of corporate culture, the behavior of each employee is standardized, employees’ dedication to society is stimulated, and a good corporate culture is instilled into employees, so that employees feel that they are working not only for the enterprise but also for the progress of society, so as to produce a sense of participation, self-realization, and nobility, and mobilize their work and enthusiasm. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of corporate culture in human resource management.Although the study of human resource management in China started later than that in western countries, in enterprise practice, with the gradual deepening of international economic integration and the continuous and rapid development of the domestic market economy, enterprises are paying more and more attention to human resource management, improving to the height of strategy, and forming human resource strategy [15]. According to the current research results, China has not formed a unified and publicly recognized concept of human resource strategy, but it can be seen from the suggestions on the implementation of human resource strategy that the academic circle has a similar understanding of the essence of human resource strategy.Evaluation model. According to the system theory and the HRM theory, enterprise HRM can be regarded as a system. The HRM system practice includes human resource planning, position analysis and career planning, human resource recruitment and selection, human resource training and development, salary management, performance evaluation, promotion management, employee management, employee welfare plan, and other functions.In addition, a human resource strategy can promote the improvement of enterprise benefits. By making full use of human resources and integration, not only can we effectively save the enterprise equipment use, prolong the service life of infrastructure, and save to buy more of the labor force capital expenditures and reduce human resource cost, but also will improve the labor productivity of employees, so as to greatly improve the operational efficiency of enterprises and bring more profits to the enterprise.


### 3.2. Grey System Theory

#### 3.2.1. The Connotation of Grey System Theory

The grey system theory was founded in 1982 by Professor Voskoglou, a Chinese scholar [16]. It is a new method to study and deal with uncertain systems with a small amount of data and insufficient information based on mathematical theory. Its main working principle is to use mathematical methods to excavate and develop the known part of the information, study the logical relationship between mathematics and physics, through the research of data “behavior” and rules, can correctly express the system operation rules, and has achieved the purpose of developing and using the system. In the real world, there are generally “small sample” and “poor information” uncertain systems. The grey system theory provides theoretical guidance for describing and understanding these systems.


#### 3.2.2. Application of Grey System Theory

The grey system theory is good at dealing with “poor information” of statistical method, usually less data in the system, not through statistical methods’ system behaviors under the condition of application, is a complement to the method of statistics, so in the social, economic, and engineering technology in areas such as prediction and evaluation, and is widely used in decision-making problems. For example, Liu and Ye applied grey correlation theory to investment decision problems and constructed a decision system model based on the grey correlation method [17]. Yan Jun et al. developed a general quantitative measurement system, which is widely applicable in a social and economic system based on the grey correlation method. In the distributed interactive simulation, Zheng et al. [18] made a comprehensive evaluation of the combat scheme according to the simulation results by using the grey correlation analysis method. The evaluation results showed that the evaluation results obtained by using this method were objective and true, and were in line with the actual situation of enterprises. Chen et al. used the grey system theory to construct the evaluation index system for the implementation effect of an emergency plan and verified it [19]. The results showed that the grey system theory was more scientific and reasonable to construct the index system. All these studies have achieved good results, which verify the validity of the grey theory applied to the uncertain system with small samples. The research sample of this study is too small to be studied by statistical method, so grey system theory is adopted for empirical research.


## 3.1. Overview of Human Resources

Corporate culture is the “character” of an enterprise and is the sum of the values, business ideas, group consciousness, and code of conduct formed by the enterprise in the process of long-term production and operation. A good corporate culture will have the following impact on the development of human resources: through the moisture of corporate culture, employees’ work enthusiasm is stimulated and employees’ enthusiasm is mobilized. Through the subtle influence of corporate culture, the behavior of each employee is standardized, employees’ dedication to society is stimulated, and a good corporate culture is instilled into employees, so that employees feel that they are working not only for the enterprise but also for the progress of society, so as to produce a sense of participation, self-realization, and nobility, and mobilize their work and enthusiasm. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of corporate culture in human resource management.Although the study of human resource management in China started later than that in western countries, in enterprise practice, with the gradual deepening of international economic integration and the continuous and rapid development of the domestic market economy, enterprises are paying more and more attention to human resource management, improving to the height of strategy, and forming human resource strategy [15]. According to the current research results, China has not formed a unified and publicly recognized concept of human resource strategy, but it can be seen from the suggestions on the implementation of human resource strategy that the academic circle has a similar understanding of the essence of human resource strategy.Evaluation model. According to the system theory and the HRM theory, enterprise HRM can be regarded as a system. The HRM system practice includes human resource planning, position analysis and career planning, human resource recruitment and selection, human resource training and development, salary management, performance evaluation, promotion management, employee management, employee welfare plan, and other functions.In addition, a human resource strategy can promote the improvement of enterprise benefits. By making full use of human resources and integration, not only can we effectively save the enterprise equipment use, prolong the service life of infrastructure, and save to buy more of the labor force capital expenditures and reduce human resource cost, but also will improve the labor productivity of employees, so as to greatly improve the operational efficiency of enterprises and bring more profits to the enterprise.


## 3.2. Grey System Theory

### 3.2.1. The Connotation of Grey System Theory

The grey system theory was founded in 1982 by Professor Voskoglou, a Chinese scholar [16]. It is a new method to study and deal with uncertain systems with a small amount of data and insufficient information based on mathematical theory. Its main working principle is to use mathematical methods to excavate and develop the known part of the information, study the logical relationship between mathematics and physics, through the research of data “behavior” and rules, can correctly express the system operation rules, and has achieved the purpose of developing and using the system. In the real world, there are generally “small sample” and “poor information” uncertain systems. The grey system theory provides theoretical guidance for describing and understanding these systems.


### 3.2.2. Application of Grey System Theory

The grey system theory is good at dealing with “poor information” of statistical method, usually less data in the system, not through statistical methods’ system behaviors under the condition of application, is a complement to the method of statistics, so in the social, economic, and engineering technology in areas such as prediction and evaluation, and is widely used in decision-making problems. For example, Liu and Ye applied grey correlation theory to investment decision problems and constructed a decision system model based on the grey correlation method [17]. Yan Jun et al. developed a general quantitative measurement system, which is widely applicable in a social and economic system based on the grey correlation method. In the distributed interactive simulation, Zheng et al. [18] made a comprehensive evaluation of the combat scheme according to the simulation results by using the grey correlation analysis method. The evaluation results showed that the evaluation results obtained by using this method were objective and true, and were in line with the actual situation of enterprises. Chen et al. used the grey system theory to construct the evaluation index system for the implementation effect of an emergency plan and verified it [19]. The results showed that the grey system theory was more scientific and reasonable to construct the index system. All these studies have achieved good results, which verify the validity of the grey theory applied to the uncertain system with small samples. The research sample of this study is too small to be studied by statistical method, so grey system theory is adopted for empirical research.


## 3.2.1. The Connotation of Grey System Theory

The grey system theory was founded in 1982 by Professor Voskoglou, a Chinese scholar [16]. It is a new method to study and deal with uncertain systems with a small amount of data and insufficient information based on mathematical theory. Its main working principle is to use mathematical methods to excavate and develop the known part of the information, study the logical relationship between mathematics and physics, through the research of data “behavior” and rules, can correctly express the system operation rules, and has achieved the purpose of developing and using the system. In the real world, there are generally “small sample” and “poor information” uncertain systems. The grey system theory provides theoretical guidance for describing and understanding these systems.


## 3.2.2. Application of Grey System Theory

The grey system theory is good at dealing with “poor information” of statistical method, usually less data in the system, not through statistical methods’ system behaviors under the condition of application, is a complement to the method of statistics, so in the social, economic, and engineering technology in areas such as prediction and evaluation, and is widely used in decision-making problems. For example, Liu and Ye applied grey correlation theory to investment decision problems and constructed a decision system model based on the grey correlation method [17]. Yan Jun et al. developed a general quantitative measurement system, which is widely applicable in a social and economic system based on the grey correlation method. In the distributed interactive simulation, Zheng et al. [18] made a comprehensive evaluation of the combat scheme according to the simulation results by using the grey correlation analysis method. The evaluation results showed that the evaluation results obtained by using this method were objective and true, and were in line with the actual situation of enterprises. Chen et al. used the grey system theory to construct the evaluation index system for the implementation effect of an emergency plan and verified it [19]. The results showed that the grey system theory was more scientific and reasonable to construct the index system. All these studies have achieved good results, which verify the validity of the grey theory applied to the uncertain system with small samples. The research sample of this study is too small to be studied by statistical method, so grey system theory is adopted for empirical research.


## 4. Result Analysis and Discussion

### 4.1. Determine the Weight of Human Resource Management Effect Evaluation Index

The coordination of human resource management system runs through the inside and outside of human resource management system, which is the overall requirement of system function. The benefit of human resource management is the comprehensive embodiment of system coordination, system efficiency, and effect. Therefore, we should evaluate the benefits of enterprise human resource management from three dimensions: coordination, efficiency, and effect, that is, its adaptability, execution, and effectiveness. The basic framework of enterprise human resource management evaluation index system should also be taken into account.Adaptability is the reflection of internal and external coordination of human resource management system. External coordination mainly includes the adaptability of human resource management policies to the labor market, the compliance with laws, the compatibility with enterprise development strategy, business philosophy, and enterprise culture, and the coordination and cooperation of human resource management system and other subsystems of the enterprise. Internal coordination mainly refers to the coordination between various functions of human resource management, and the coordination and cooperation between human resource management professionals and front-line managers. Executive reflects the internal operation of enterprise human resource management system.Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a weight determination method combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis proposed by Zhang, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh in the United States, in the 1970s. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) first divides the complex problems to form a multilayer analysis structure model and then calculates the weight of each index by the combination of mathematical method and qualitative analysis [20]. It is a simple, flexible, and practical multicriteria decision-making method, which is widely used in the field of performance evaluation. The specific steps to determine the weight of human resource management effect evaluation index of construction enterprises by AHP are as follows.


#### 4.1.1. Establish Hierarchical Structure According to Evaluation Objectives

According to the evaluation of target-human resource management performance evaluation of construction enterprises, various index elements to achieve the goal are constructed into a hierarchical multilayer structure index system according to the relationship between each other. This study has constructed a four-level performance evaluation system of human resource management in construction enterprises, in which the highest level is the target layer, that is, the goal to be achieved by evaluation. The middle layer is the criterion and subcriterion layer, which is the judgment criterion to measure whether the goal can be achieved. The last layer is the scheme layer, that is, all possible schemes and measures to achieve the goal.


#### 4.1.2. Construct the Judgment Matrix

The judgment matrix is the quantitative basis of tomographic analysis, and the basis of relative importance calculation and single-hierarchy sorting. The weight of each index can be obtained through a series of operations on the judgment matrix. It is formed by pairwise comparison and judgment of the relative importance of indicators at the same level by experts in related fields, taking an index A above the level as the evaluation criterion. The construction process of the judgment matrix is as follows:①
To design a questionnaire, this study invites human resource management researchers and experienced human resource management personnel of construction enterprises to evaluate the importance of human resource management evaluation indicators of construction enterprises. The selection of experts should not be too little or too much. Too little cannot effectively reduce the error caused by individual differences, but too many experts will make the actual operation difficult, and the data processing process is too complicated.In order to quantify the comparative results of relative importance and form a numerical judgment matrix, the 1–9 scale method proposed by Professor T.L. Saaty was adopted to quantify the judgment (psychologists believe that there should not be more than 9 factors for paired comparison, that is, there should not be more than 9 indicators in the same group), as shown in Table1. According to the meaning of these scales, experts can compare elements of each level in pairs to form a judgment matrix.②
The questionnaire is organized, and the judgment matrix is constructed.By sorting out the questionnaire, the arithmetical average value of the scoring results of each expert was calculated, which is the relative importance of the corresponding index. According to the expert scoring results, the judgment matrix A-B is obtained as shown in Table2.Table 1
Importance of a matrix description of scales 1 to 9.
The value ofPij975312, 4, 6, 8ReciprocalTable 2
Judgment matrices A-B.
AB1B2B111/2B221


#### 4.1.3. Hierarchical Single Sorting and Consistency Test

(1) Hierarchical Single Sorting. The hierarchical single ranking is to calculate the importance weights of the indexes related to this layer and adjacent upper layers through the judgment matrix. In essence, it is to solve the eigenvector W corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of judgment matrix B, and the W obtained is the weight of the index in single hierarchical order. Combining the principle of the root method (see equations (1)∼(3)) with the calculation function of EXCEL, the eigenvalues and W can be quickly calculated. Tables 2 to 13 show the judgment matrix and calculation results of a single ranking of indicators at each level.(1)Wi¯=n∏j=1nBiji,j=1,2,…,n,(2)Wi=W¯i∑i=1nW¯i,(3)λmax=1n∑i=1nBWiWi.Table 3
RI values of order 1–9 judgment matrix.
n123456789RI0.000.000.580.901.121.241.321.411.45Table 4
A-B judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
AB1B2WeightB111/20.6667B2210.3333Consistency testn ≤ 2, no conformance check is requiredTable 5
B1-C judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
B1C1C2C3WeightC11130.4434C21120.3874C31/31/210.1692Consistency testλmax = 3.0183 CI = 0.0091 RI = 0.58 CR = 0.0158Table 6
B2-C judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
B2C4C5C6C7WeightC411/21/21/20.1364C521320.4269C621/3110.2073C721/2110.2294Consistency testλmax = 4.1171 CI = 0.0390 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0434Table 7
C1-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C1D1D2D3D4WeightDB11/21/21/30.1194D22111/30.2008D32111/20.2222D433210.4577Consistency testλmax = 4.0457 CI = 0.0152 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0169Table 8
C2-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C2D5D6WeightD51½0.6667D6210.3333Consistency testn ≤ 2, no conformance check is requiredTable 9
C3-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C3D7D8D9D10D11D12D13WeightD711/21/41/81/51/51/40.0324D8211/41/61/41/41/20.0484D94411/31/21/230.1381D1086312230.3287D115421/2121/20.1739D125421/21/211/20.1426D13421/31/32210.1358Consistency testλmax = 7.6261 CI = 0.0144 RI = 1.32 CR = 0.0791Table 10
C4-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C4D14D15D16D17D18D19WeightD1411/2341/350.1866D1521451/260.2824D161/31/4121/320.0882D171/41/51/211/410.0546D183234150.3391D191/51/61/211/510.0491Consistency testλmax = 6.2183 CI = 0.0437 RI = 1.24 CR = 0.0352Table 11
C5-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C5D20D21D22D23WeightD2011/421/30.1268D2141520.4492D221/21/511/30.0848D2331/2310.2891Consistency testλmax = 4.0565 CI = 0.0188 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0209Table 12
C6-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C6D24D25D26D27D28WeightD2411/22540.2780D25213650.4314D26½1/31320.1527D271/51/61/311/20.0540D28¼1/51/2210.0839Consistency testλmax = 5.05475 CI = 0.0137 RI = 1.12 CR = 0.0122Table 13
C7-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C7D29D30D31D32WeightD2911/2230.2717D3021350.4832D311/21/3120.1569D321/31/51/210.0882Consistency testλmax = 4.0145 CI = 0.0048 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0054(2) Consistency Test of Judgment Matrix. To satisfy the transitivity axiom simply means that the experts have basically the same scale requirements for the pairwise comparison of indicators when constructing the judgment matrix. However, the complexity of objective things and the diversity of evaluation indicators often result in one-sided and diversified cognition of decision-makers, that is, the judgment matrix obtained by nine scales may also have inconsistent judgment, so a consistency test must be carried out. The consistency test is a very important and indispensable step in analytic hierarchy process, which is directly related to the reasonable weight calculation. The specific inspection process is as follows:We calculate consistency index CI as follows:(4)CI=λmax−nn−1.The random consistency ratio CR was calculated, and the consistency was judged.(5)CR=CIRI.RI is the average random consistency index of the judgment matrix. RI values of order 1–9 judgment matrix are shown in Table3.The discriminant criteria are as follows:n < 2, the judgment is completely consistent; N > 2; when CR < 0.1, the judgment inconsistency can be accepted; when CR > 0.1, the judgment inconsistency cannot be accepted, and the matrix needs to be modified.According to the above calculation method of single ranking of levels and consistency test, the relative index weights of each level of the human resource management effect evaluation system of construction enterprises are obtained as shown in Tables4 to 13, which all meet the consistency requirements.


#### 4.1.4. Hierarchical Total Ordering and Consistency Test

The hierarchical total ranking is for the total goal, and the highest ranking of each factor is its hierarchical total ranking. On the basis of hierarchical single ranking, the importance of each factor to the target layer is calculated from top to bottom, and the absolute weight is obtained.Suppose one of the layers (layerA) contains A1,A2,…,Am, Am contains m elements, and the hierarchical total ranking weights of each index are, respectively, a1,a2,…am; let the next layer (layer B) contain B1, B2,…,Bn, there are n elements in Bn, and the single-order weights of elements in B layer about Aj are b1j,b2j,…,bnj. Then, the total ranking weights of each factor in layer B are, respectively, b1,b2,…,bn, i.e.,(6)bj=∑j=1mbij⋅aji=1,2,…n.Although the consistency test has been carried out for the single sort of each level, the total sort will add up the inconsistencies of each level from top to bottom, which will still result in the inconsistency of the calculation result. Therefore, the consistency test is also required for the total sort of each level, and the calculation formula is as follows:(7)CR=ΣBiCIiΣBiRIi,where Bi is the weight of each subsystem; the discriminant criterion is the same as that of the consistency test. The CR of hierarchical total ranking is not more than 0.10, so the judgment matrix meets the consistency requirement.The advantages and disadvantages of analytic hierarchy process are as follows:(1)
Advantages.(1)
Systematic analysis method;(2)
Simple and practical decision-making methods;(3)
Less quantitative data information is required.(2)
Shortcomings.Unable to provide new solutions for decision-making.


### 4.2. Grey Clustering Evaluation Theory

The research object of grey system theory is “small sample” system with partially known information and relatively little data information. The description and monitoring of system behavior mainly depend on the known part of information. At an international economic conference in the early 1980s, Professor Deng Julong, a Chinese scholar, first puts forward this theory as a participant, marking the formal establishment of this theory.The basis of grey whitening weight function clustering is the whitening weight function of grey number. The whitening weight function is a functional expression of the possibility of taking the value of each element in grey number (grey class). Each point in the function image describes the probability of taking a specific value within the range of grey number. The whitening weight function ofj index k subclass is denoted as fjk⋅. In practical application, the following four whitening weight functions are commonly used as follows:(1)
The typical whitening weight function is denoted asfjkxjk1,xjk2,xjk3,xjk4, and points xjk1， xjk2， xjk3， xjk4, and is fjk⋅.Typical whitening weight functions can be described as piecewise functions as follows:(8)fjkx=0,x∉xjk1,xjk4,x−xjk1xjk2−xjk1,x∈xjk1,xjk2,1,x∈xjk2,xjk3,xjk4−xxjk4−xjk3,x∈xjk3,xjk4.(2)
The whitening weight function of the testing limit is written asfjk−,−,xjk3,xjk4, and there are only turning points xjk3 and xjk4. The whitening weight function of the lower limit measure can be described as a piecewise function as follows:(9)fjkx=0,x∉0,xjk4,1,x∈0,xjk3,xjk4−xxjk4−xjk3,x∈xjk3,xjk4.(3)
The moderate limit whitening weight function is denoted asfjkxjk1,xjk2,−,xjk4, at which the turning points xjk2 and xjk3 coincide. Since the shape of the function image is triangular, it is often called the triangular whitening weight function.The triangular whitening weight function can be described as a piecewise function as follows:(10)fjkx=0,x∉xjk1,xjk4,x−xjk1xjk2−xjk1,x∈xjk1,xjk2,xjk4−xxjk4−xjk2,x∈xjk2,xjk4.(4)
The whitening weight function of the upper limit measure is denoted asfjkxjk1,xjk2,−,−, and there is no turning point at this time, xjk3 and xjk4.The upper bound measure whitening weight function can be described as a piecewise function as follows:(11)fjkx=0,x<xjk1,x−xjk1xjk2−xjk1,x∈xjk1,xjk2,1,x≥xjk2.


### 4.3. Application of Evaluation Model in Enterprise Human Resource Management

The most important aspect of human resource management is to evaluate personal achievements or performance. We assume that four aspects of personnel are invited to rate the performance of the evaluator, namely, his customers, subordinates, colleagues, and leaders.We take the human resource service institutions in W city as an example. The development of the institutions has begun to take shape, and the industry is in a stage of rapid development. As of December 31, 2016, 409 human resource service institutions in W city have participated in the annual inspection. In terms of geographical distribution, 248 institutions are mainly concentrated in region A and region B, accounting for 61% of the total number of institutions, while 161 institutions are located in other 9 districts and counties, accounting for 39% of the total number of institutions.On the whole, the human resource service industry in W city started early, and the number of human resource service agencies has been increasing year by year (see Figure2). According to its growth rate, it can be divided into three developmental stages.Figure 2
Increasing trend of the number of institutions.The development of different types of institutions is uneven, with private enterprises in the majority.According to the annual inspection report, all kinds of human resource service institutions in W city increased by 17.87% in 2016 compared with 2015, among which the number of public service institutions, industry-affiliated institutions, private nonenterprises, and Taiwan-funded enterprises decreased, while the number of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises increased. In 2016, private enterprises accounted for 73.8%, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Comparison of the number of institutions in 2015 and 2016. The number of employees has significantly increased, but the structure is not very reasonable.According to the annual inspection, the number of employees in Xi’an human resource service institutions was 3468 in 2015, and 4372 in 2016, up 26.07% year on year. The number of people with a bachelor’s degree or above is on the rise, up 37.16 % year on year, the number of people with a master’s degree is up 35.9 % year on year, and the number of people with a college degree or below is down 12.01 % year on year, as shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Educational structure of employees.Enterprise human resource management evaluation is a complex system composed of many elements. Each element in the system is not isolated from each other, but an organic dynamic system that influences, penetrates, and restricts each other. Therefore, a systematic analysis method should be adopted to analyze the effect of human resource management in construction enterprises. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the common comprehensive evaluation methods, and considering the “grey characteristics” of human resource management of construction enterprises, this study introduces the grey clustering model of central triangular whitening weight function into the human resource management evaluation field of construction enterprises. The specific application process is as follows:Step 1: We determine the evaluation grade and evaluation standard of each index and divide the evaluation grey category.First of all, according to the effect evaluation objectives, drawing on the relevant literature and expert experience at home and abroad, the human resource management level of construction enterprises is divided into five grades, that is, excellent, good, general, poor, and poor. Second, we establish the evaluation criteria of each factor in the index system. For quantitative indicators, we query industry information by looking at the statistical yearbook of China's construction industry, the Yearbook of Gansu Province, and looking for Internet information such as China construction network. At the same time, combined with the reference value given by the existing research, so that the evaluation value can be given according to the industry overview in the evaluation process. For qualitative indicators, data were obtained through questionnaires. In order to accurately grasp the key points of scoring in practical evaluation, each qualitative indicator was divided into five grades according to the evaluation grade: excellent, good, general, poor, and poor. The human resource management level of construction enterprises is divided into five different categories. The so-called “excellent,” “good,” “general,” “poor,” and “poor” are essentially grey concepts, and the corresponding classification is also grey. Therefore, determining the grey class of evaluation is to determine the number of grey class grades of evaluation.Step 2: We establish the triangular whitening weight function.Combined with the actual situation of the study, the value range of each index grey class is extended, and 0 grey class and 6 grey class are added. Furthermore, the triangular whitening weight function of each index is constructed.Step 3: We investigate and sort out the actual value of indicators.By collecting data from relevant departments, questionnaires, interviews, and other means, this study obtains the actual values of various indicators of the current situation of human resource management in construction enterprises, and quantifies these indicators through calculation formulas or expert scores.Step 4: We calculate the trigonometric whitening weight function value of each index.By substituting the realization values of each index of human resource management level of enterprises in W city into their respective trigonometric whitening weight functions, the whitening weight function values of each index corresponding to “excellent,” “good,” “general,” “poor,” and “poor” grey categories can be calculated.Step 5: We calculate the comprehensive clustering coefficient.According to formula (12), the comprehensive clustering coefficient of each grey class of the object to be evaluated can be calculated.(12)σk=∑j=1mfjkxj⋅ηj.According to the above calculation results, the evaluation level of basic conditions of the institution is “excellent,” indicating that the institution has complete legal person qualification and other licenses, and has good office conditions and service environment (see Table14). The evaluation grade of the informatization level is “good,” indicating that the organization still has shortcomings in informatization construction. The evaluation grade of social responsibility is “medium,” indicating that the organization is not active in undertaking social responsibility. The evaluation level of internal governance is “excellent,” indicating that the internal organizational structure, rules, and regulations of the institution are sound, and the comprehensive quality of employees is high. The work performance evaluation grade is “excellent,” indicating that the organization’s current business benefits and service projects are good. Finally, the grey clustering coefficient of the target layer is calculated, and the comprehensive evaluation grade of the mechanism is “excellent,” indicating that the comprehensive development level of the mechanism is good.Table 14
Comprehensive evaluation.
Primary indexσ15σ14σ13σ12σ11Evaluation gradeBasic conditions0.78910.56410.4190.35690.4087ExcellentInternal governance0.82360.67410.56990.49870.5321ExcellentInformatization level0.34210.78910.58910.45770.6213GoodSocial responsibility0.44510.53290.63940.43790.5582MiddleJob performance0.75740.54330.63210.33980.4278ExcellentTarget layer0.79540.56810.65320.74390.4435Excellent


## 4.1. Determine the Weight of Human Resource Management Effect Evaluation Index

The coordination of human resource management system runs through the inside and outside of human resource management system, which is the overall requirement of system function. The benefit of human resource management is the comprehensive embodiment of system coordination, system efficiency, and effect. Therefore, we should evaluate the benefits of enterprise human resource management from three dimensions: coordination, efficiency, and effect, that is, its adaptability, execution, and effectiveness. The basic framework of enterprise human resource management evaluation index system should also be taken into account.Adaptability is the reflection of internal and external coordination of human resource management system. External coordination mainly includes the adaptability of human resource management policies to the labor market, the compliance with laws, the compatibility with enterprise development strategy, business philosophy, and enterprise culture, and the coordination and cooperation of human resource management system and other subsystems of the enterprise. Internal coordination mainly refers to the coordination between various functions of human resource management, and the coordination and cooperation between human resource management professionals and front-line managers. Executive reflects the internal operation of enterprise human resource management system.Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a weight determination method combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis proposed by Zhang, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh in the United States, in the 1970s. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) first divides the complex problems to form a multilayer analysis structure model and then calculates the weight of each index by the combination of mathematical method and qualitative analysis [20]. It is a simple, flexible, and practical multicriteria decision-making method, which is widely used in the field of performance evaluation. The specific steps to determine the weight of human resource management effect evaluation index of construction enterprises by AHP are as follows.


### 4.1.1. Establish Hierarchical Structure According to Evaluation Objectives

According to the evaluation of target-human resource management performance evaluation of construction enterprises, various index elements to achieve the goal are constructed into a hierarchical multilayer structure index system according to the relationship between each other. This study has constructed a four-level performance evaluation system of human resource management in construction enterprises, in which the highest level is the target layer, that is, the goal to be achieved by evaluation. The middle layer is the criterion and subcriterion layer, which is the judgment criterion to measure whether the goal can be achieved. The last layer is the scheme layer, that is, all possible schemes and measures to achieve the goal.


### 4.1.2. Construct the Judgment Matrix

The judgment matrix is the quantitative basis of tomographic analysis, and the basis of relative importance calculation and single-hierarchy sorting. The weight of each index can be obtained through a series of operations on the judgment matrix. It is formed by pairwise comparison and judgment of the relative importance of indicators at the same level by experts in related fields, taking an index A above the level as the evaluation criterion. The construction process of the judgment matrix is as follows:①
To design a questionnaire, this study invites human resource management researchers and experienced human resource management personnel of construction enterprises to evaluate the importance of human resource management evaluation indicators of construction enterprises. The selection of experts should not be too little or too much. Too little cannot effectively reduce the error caused by individual differences, but too many experts will make the actual operation difficult, and the data processing process is too complicated.In order to quantify the comparative results of relative importance and form a numerical judgment matrix, the 1–9 scale method proposed by Professor T.L. Saaty was adopted to quantify the judgment (psychologists believe that there should not be more than 9 factors for paired comparison, that is, there should not be more than 9 indicators in the same group), as shown in Table1. According to the meaning of these scales, experts can compare elements of each level in pairs to form a judgment matrix.②
The questionnaire is organized, and the judgment matrix is constructed.By sorting out the questionnaire, the arithmetical average value of the scoring results of each expert was calculated, which is the relative importance of the corresponding index. According to the expert scoring results, the judgment matrix A-B is obtained as shown in Table2.Table 1
Importance of a matrix description of scales 1 to 9.
The value ofPij975312, 4, 6, 8ReciprocalTable 2
Judgment matrices A-B.
AB1B2B111/2B221


### 4.1.3. Hierarchical Single Sorting and Consistency Test

(1) Hierarchical Single Sorting. The hierarchical single ranking is to calculate the importance weights of the indexes related to this layer and adjacent upper layers through the judgment matrix. In essence, it is to solve the eigenvector W corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of judgment matrix B, and the W obtained is the weight of the index in single hierarchical order. Combining the principle of the root method (see equations (1)∼(3)) with the calculation function of EXCEL, the eigenvalues and W can be quickly calculated. Tables 2 to 13 show the judgment matrix and calculation results of a single ranking of indicators at each level.(1)Wi¯=n∏j=1nBiji,j=1,2,…,n,(2)Wi=W¯i∑i=1nW¯i,(3)λmax=1n∑i=1nBWiWi.Table 3
RI values of order 1–9 judgment matrix.
n123456789RI0.000.000.580.901.121.241.321.411.45Table 4
A-B judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
AB1B2WeightB111/20.6667B2210.3333Consistency testn ≤ 2, no conformance check is requiredTable 5
B1-C judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
B1C1C2C3WeightC11130.4434C21120.3874C31/31/210.1692Consistency testλmax = 3.0183 CI = 0.0091 RI = 0.58 CR = 0.0158Table 6
B2-C judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
B2C4C5C6C7WeightC411/21/21/20.1364C521320.4269C621/3110.2073C721/2110.2294Consistency testλmax = 4.1171 CI = 0.0390 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0434Table 7
C1-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C1D1D2D3D4WeightDB11/21/21/30.1194D22111/30.2008D32111/20.2222D433210.4577Consistency testλmax = 4.0457 CI = 0.0152 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0169Table 8
C2-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C2D5D6WeightD51½0.6667D6210.3333Consistency testn ≤ 2, no conformance check is requiredTable 9
C3-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C3D7D8D9D10D11D12D13WeightD711/21/41/81/51/51/40.0324D8211/41/61/41/41/20.0484D94411/31/21/230.1381D1086312230.3287D115421/2121/20.1739D125421/21/211/20.1426D13421/31/32210.1358Consistency testλmax = 7.6261 CI = 0.0144 RI = 1.32 CR = 0.0791Table 10
C4-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C4D14D15D16D17D18D19WeightD1411/2341/350.1866D1521451/260.2824D161/31/4121/320.0882D171/41/51/211/410.0546D183234150.3391D191/51/61/211/510.0491Consistency testλmax = 6.2183 CI = 0.0437 RI = 1.24 CR = 0.0352Table 11
C5-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C5D20D21D22D23WeightD2011/421/30.1268D2141520.4492D221/21/511/30.0848D2331/2310.2891Consistency testλmax = 4.0565 CI = 0.0188 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0209Table 12
C6-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C6D24D25D26D27D28WeightD2411/22540.2780D25213650.4314D26½1/31320.1527D271/51/61/311/20.0540D28¼1/51/2210.0839Consistency testλmax = 5.05475 CI = 0.0137 RI = 1.12 CR = 0.0122Table 13
C7-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C7D29D30D31D32WeightD2911/2230.2717D3021350.4832D311/21/3120.1569D321/31/51/210.0882Consistency testλmax = 4.0145 CI = 0.0048 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0054(2) Consistency Test of Judgment Matrix. To satisfy the transitivity axiom simply means that the experts have basically the same scale requirements for the pairwise comparison of indicators when constructing the judgment matrix. However, the complexity of objective things and the diversity of evaluation indicators often result in one-sided and diversified cognition of decision-makers, that is, the judgment matrix obtained by nine scales may also have inconsistent judgment, so a consistency test must be carried out. The consistency test is a very important and indispensable step in analytic hierarchy process, which is directly related to the reasonable weight calculation. The specific inspection process is as follows:We calculate consistency index CI as follows:(4)CI=λmax−nn−1.The random consistency ratio CR was calculated, and the consistency was judged.(5)CR=CIRI.RI is the average random consistency index of the judgment matrix. RI values of order 1–9 judgment matrix are shown in Table3.The discriminant criteria are as follows:n < 2, the judgment is completely consistent; N > 2; when CR < 0.1, the judgment inconsistency can be accepted; when CR > 0.1, the judgment inconsistency cannot be accepted, and the matrix needs to be modified.According to the above calculation method of single ranking of levels and consistency test, the relative index weights of each level of the human resource management effect evaluation system of construction enterprises are obtained as shown in Tables4 to 13, which all meet the consistency requirements.


### 4.1.4. Hierarchical Total Ordering and Consistency Test

The hierarchical total ranking is for the total goal, and the highest ranking of each factor is its hierarchical total ranking. On the basis of hierarchical single ranking, the importance of each factor to the target layer is calculated from top to bottom, and the absolute weight is obtained.Suppose one of the layers (layerA) contains A1,A2,…,Am, Am contains m elements, and the hierarchical total ranking weights of each index are, respectively, a1,a2,…am; let the next layer (layer B) contain B1, B2,…,Bn, there are n elements in Bn, and the single-order weights of elements in B layer about Aj are b1j,b2j,…,bnj. Then, the total ranking weights of each factor in layer B are, respectively, b1,b2,…,bn, i.e.,(6)bj=∑j=1mbij⋅aji=1,2,…n.Although the consistency test has been carried out for the single sort of each level, the total sort will add up the inconsistencies of each level from top to bottom, which will still result in the inconsistency of the calculation result. Therefore, the consistency test is also required for the total sort of each level, and the calculation formula is as follows:(7)CR=ΣBiCIiΣBiRIi,where Bi is the weight of each subsystem; the discriminant criterion is the same as that of the consistency test. The CR of hierarchical total ranking is not more than 0.10, so the judgment matrix meets the consistency requirement.The advantages and disadvantages of analytic hierarchy process are as follows:(1)
Advantages.(1)
Systematic analysis method;(2)
Simple and practical decision-making methods;(3)
Less quantitative data information is required.(2)
Shortcomings.Unable to provide new solutions for decision-making.


## 4.1.1. Establish Hierarchical Structure According to Evaluation Objectives

According to the evaluation of target-human resource management performance evaluation of construction enterprises, various index elements to achieve the goal are constructed into a hierarchical multilayer structure index system according to the relationship between each other. This study has constructed a four-level performance evaluation system of human resource management in construction enterprises, in which the highest level is the target layer, that is, the goal to be achieved by evaluation. The middle layer is the criterion and subcriterion layer, which is the judgment criterion to measure whether the goal can be achieved. The last layer is the scheme layer, that is, all possible schemes and measures to achieve the goal.


## 4.1.2. Construct the Judgment Matrix

The judgment matrix is the quantitative basis of tomographic analysis, and the basis of relative importance calculation and single-hierarchy sorting. The weight of each index can be obtained through a series of operations on the judgment matrix. It is formed by pairwise comparison and judgment of the relative importance of indicators at the same level by experts in related fields, taking an index A above the level as the evaluation criterion. The construction process of the judgment matrix is as follows:①
To design a questionnaire, this study invites human resource management researchers and experienced human resource management personnel of construction enterprises to evaluate the importance of human resource management evaluation indicators of construction enterprises. The selection of experts should not be too little or too much. Too little cannot effectively reduce the error caused by individual differences, but too many experts will make the actual operation difficult, and the data processing process is too complicated.In order to quantify the comparative results of relative importance and form a numerical judgment matrix, the 1–9 scale method proposed by Professor T.L. Saaty was adopted to quantify the judgment (psychologists believe that there should not be more than 9 factors for paired comparison, that is, there should not be more than 9 indicators in the same group), as shown in Table1. According to the meaning of these scales, experts can compare elements of each level in pairs to form a judgment matrix.②
The questionnaire is organized, and the judgment matrix is constructed.By sorting out the questionnaire, the arithmetical average value of the scoring results of each expert was calculated, which is the relative importance of the corresponding index. According to the expert scoring results, the judgment matrix A-B is obtained as shown in Table2.Table 1
Importance of a matrix description of scales 1 to 9.
The value ofPij975312, 4, 6, 8ReciprocalTable 2
Judgment matrices A-B.
AB1B2B111/2B221


## 4.1.3. Hierarchical Single Sorting and Consistency Test

(1) Hierarchical Single Sorting. The hierarchical single ranking is to calculate the importance weights of the indexes related to this layer and adjacent upper layers through the judgment matrix. In essence, it is to solve the eigenvector W corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of judgment matrix B, and the W obtained is the weight of the index in single hierarchical order. Combining the principle of the root method (see equations (1)∼(3)) with the calculation function of EXCEL, the eigenvalues and W can be quickly calculated. Tables 2 to 13 show the judgment matrix and calculation results of a single ranking of indicators at each level.(1)Wi¯=n∏j=1nBiji,j=1,2,…,n,(2)Wi=W¯i∑i=1nW¯i,(3)λmax=1n∑i=1nBWiWi.Table 3
RI values of order 1–9 judgment matrix.
n123456789RI0.000.000.580.901.121.241.321.411.45Table 4
A-B judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
AB1B2WeightB111/20.6667B2210.3333Consistency testn ≤ 2, no conformance check is requiredTable 5
B1-C judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
B1C1C2C3WeightC11130.4434C21120.3874C31/31/210.1692Consistency testλmax = 3.0183 CI = 0.0091 RI = 0.58 CR = 0.0158Table 6
B2-C judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
B2C4C5C6C7WeightC411/21/21/20.1364C521320.4269C621/3110.2073C721/2110.2294Consistency testλmax = 4.1171 CI = 0.0390 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0434Table 7
C1-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C1D1D2D3D4WeightDB11/21/21/30.1194D22111/30.2008D32111/20.2222D433210.4577Consistency testλmax = 4.0457 CI = 0.0152 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0169Table 8
C2-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C2D5D6WeightD51½0.6667D6210.3333Consistency testn ≤ 2, no conformance check is requiredTable 9
C3-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C3D7D8D9D10D11D12D13WeightD711/21/41/81/51/51/40.0324D8211/41/61/41/41/20.0484D94411/31/21/230.1381D1086312230.3287D115421/2121/20.1739D125421/21/211/20.1426D13421/31/32210.1358Consistency testλmax = 7.6261 CI = 0.0144 RI = 1.32 CR = 0.0791Table 10
C4-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C4D14D15D16D17D18D19WeightD1411/2341/350.1866D1521451/260.2824D161/31/4121/320.0882D171/41/51/211/410.0546D183234150.3391D191/51/61/211/510.0491Consistency testλmax = 6.2183 CI = 0.0437 RI = 1.24 CR = 0.0352Table 11
C5-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C5D20D21D22D23WeightD2011/421/30.1268D2141520.4492D221/21/511/30.0848D2331/2310.2891Consistency testλmax = 4.0565 CI = 0.0188 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0209Table 12
C6-D judgment matrix and index weight calculation.
C6D24D25D26D27D28WeightD2411/22540.2780D25213650.4314D26½1/31320.1527D271/51/61/311/20.0540D28¼1/51/2210.0839Consistency testλmax = 5.05475 CI = 0.0137 RI = 1.12 CR = 0.0122Table 13
C7-D judgment matrix and indicator weight calculation.
C7D29D30D31D32WeightD2911/2230.2717D3021350.4832D311/21/3120.1569D321/31/51/210.0882Consistency testλmax = 4.0145 CI = 0.0048 RI = 0.90 CR = 0.0054(2) Consistency Test of Judgment Matrix. To satisfy the transitivity axiom simply means that the experts have basically the same scale requirements for the pairwise comparison of indicators when constructing the judgment matrix. However, the complexity of objective things and the diversity of evaluation indicators often result in one-sided and diversified cognition of decision-makers, that is, the judgment matrix obtained by nine scales may also have inconsistent judgment, so a consistency test must be carried out. The consistency test is a very important and indispensable step in analytic hierarchy process, which is directly related to the reasonable weight calculation. The specific inspection process is as follows:We calculate consistency index CI as follows:(4)CI=λmax−nn−1.The random consistency ratio CR was calculated, and the consistency was judged.(5)CR=CIRI.RI is the average random consistency index of the judgment matrix. RI values of order 1–9 judgment matrix are shown in Table3.The discriminant criteria are as follows:n < 2, the judgment is completely consistent; N > 2; when CR < 0.1, the judgment inconsistency can be accepted; when CR > 0.1, the judgment inconsistency cannot be accepted, and the matrix needs to be modified.According to the above calculation method of single ranking of levels and consistency test, the relative index weights of each level of the human resource management effect evaluation system of construction enterprises are obtained as shown in Tables4 to 13, which all meet the consistency requirements.


## 4.1.4. Hierarchical Total Ordering and Consistency Test

The hierarchical total ranking is for the total goal, and the highest ranking of each factor is its hierarchical total ranking. On the basis of hierarchical single ranking, the importance of each factor to the target layer is calculated from top to bottom, and the absolute weight is obtained.Suppose one of the layers (layerA) contains A1,A2,…,Am, Am contains m elements, and the hierarchical total ranking weights of each index are, respectively, a1,a2,…am; let the next layer (layer B) contain B1, B2,…,Bn, there are n elements in Bn, and the single-order weights of elements in B layer about Aj are b1j,b2j,…,bnj. Then, the total ranking weights of each factor in layer B are, respectively, b1,b2,…,bn, i.e.,(6)bj=∑j=1mbij⋅aji=1,2,…n.Although the consistency test has been carried out for the single sort of each level, the total sort will add up the inconsistencies of each level from top to bottom, which will still result in the inconsistency of the calculation result. Therefore, the consistency test is also required for the total sort of each level, and the calculation formula is as follows:(7)CR=ΣBiCIiΣBiRIi,where Bi is the weight of each subsystem; the discriminant criterion is the same as that of the consistency test. The CR of hierarchical total ranking is not more than 0.10, so the judgment matrix meets the consistency requirement.The advantages and disadvantages of analytic hierarchy process are as follows:(1)
Advantages.(1)
Systematic analysis method;(2)
Simple and practical decision-making methods;(3)
Less quantitative data information is required.(2)
Shortcomings.Unable to provide new solutions for decision-making.


## 4.2. Grey Clustering Evaluation Theory

The research object of grey system theory is “small sample” system with partially known information and relatively little data information. The description and monitoring of system behavior mainly depend on the known part of information. At an international economic conference in the early 1980s, Professor Deng Julong, a Chinese scholar, first puts forward this theory as a participant, marking the formal establishment of this theory.The basis of grey whitening weight function clustering is the whitening weight function of grey number. The whitening weight function is a functional expression of the possibility of taking the value of each element in grey number (grey class). Each point in the function image describes the probability of taking a specific value within the range of grey number. The whitening weight function ofj index k subclass is denoted as fjk⋅. In practical application, the following four whitening weight functions are commonly used as follows:(1)
The typical whitening weight function is denoted asfjkxjk1,xjk2,xjk3,xjk4, and points xjk1， xjk2， xjk3， xjk4, and is fjk⋅.Typical whitening weight functions can be described as piecewise functions as follows:(8)fjkx=0,x∉xjk1,xjk4,x−xjk1xjk2−xjk1,x∈xjk1,xjk2,1,x∈xjk2,xjk3,xjk4−xxjk4−xjk3,x∈xjk3,xjk4.(2)
The whitening weight function of the testing limit is written asfjk−,−,xjk3,xjk4, and there are only turning points xjk3 and xjk4. The whitening weight function of the lower limit measure can be described as a piecewise function as follows:(9)fjkx=0,x∉0,xjk4,1,x∈0,xjk3,xjk4−xxjk4−xjk3,x∈xjk3,xjk4.(3)
The moderate limit whitening weight function is denoted asfjkxjk1,xjk2,−,xjk4, at which the turning points xjk2 and xjk3 coincide. Since the shape of the function image is triangular, it is often called the triangular whitening weight function.The triangular whitening weight function can be described as a piecewise function as follows:(10)fjkx=0,x∉xjk1,xjk4,x−xjk1xjk2−xjk1,x∈xjk1,xjk2,xjk4−xxjk4−xjk2,x∈xjk2,xjk4.(4)
The whitening weight function of the upper limit measure is denoted asfjkxjk1,xjk2,−,−, and there is no turning point at this time, xjk3 and xjk4.The upper bound measure whitening weight function can be described as a piecewise function as follows:(11)fjkx=0,x<xjk1,x−xjk1xjk2−xjk1,x∈xjk1,xjk2,1,x≥xjk2.


## 4.3. Application of Evaluation Model in Enterprise Human Resource Management

The most important aspect of human resource management is to evaluate personal achievements or performance. We assume that four aspects of personnel are invited to rate the performance of the evaluator, namely, his customers, subordinates, colleagues, and leaders.We take the human resource service institutions in W city as an example. The development of the institutions has begun to take shape, and the industry is in a stage of rapid development. As of December 31, 2016, 409 human resource service institutions in W city have participated in the annual inspection. In terms of geographical distribution, 248 institutions are mainly concentrated in region A and region B, accounting for 61% of the total number of institutions, while 161 institutions are located in other 9 districts and counties, accounting for 39% of the total number of institutions.On the whole, the human resource service industry in W city started early, and the number of human resource service agencies has been increasing year by year (see Figure2). According to its growth rate, it can be divided into three developmental stages.Figure 2
Increasing trend of the number of institutions.The development of different types of institutions is uneven, with private enterprises in the majority.According to the annual inspection report, all kinds of human resource service institutions in W city increased by 17.87% in 2016 compared with 2015, among which the number of public service institutions, industry-affiliated institutions, private nonenterprises, and Taiwan-funded enterprises decreased, while the number of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises increased. In 2016, private enterprises accounted for 73.8%, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Comparison of the number of institutions in 2015 and 2016. The number of employees has significantly increased, but the structure is not very reasonable.According to the annual inspection, the number of employees in Xi’an human resource service institutions was 3468 in 2015, and 4372 in 2016, up 26.07% year on year. The number of people with a bachelor’s degree or above is on the rise, up 37.16 % year on year, the number of people with a master’s degree is up 35.9 % year on year, and the number of people with a college degree or below is down 12.01 % year on year, as shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Educational structure of employees.Enterprise human resource management evaluation is a complex system composed of many elements. Each element in the system is not isolated from each other, but an organic dynamic system that influences, penetrates, and restricts each other. Therefore, a systematic analysis method should be adopted to analyze the effect of human resource management in construction enterprises. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the common comprehensive evaluation methods, and considering the “grey characteristics” of human resource management of construction enterprises, this study introduces the grey clustering model of central triangular whitening weight function into the human resource management evaluation field of construction enterprises. The specific application process is as follows:Step 1: We determine the evaluation grade and evaluation standard of each index and divide the evaluation grey category.First of all, according to the effect evaluation objectives, drawing on the relevant literature and expert experience at home and abroad, the human resource management level of construction enterprises is divided into five grades, that is, excellent, good, general, poor, and poor. Second, we establish the evaluation criteria of each factor in the index system. For quantitative indicators, we query industry information by looking at the statistical yearbook of China's construction industry, the Yearbook of Gansu Province, and looking for Internet information such as China construction network. At the same time, combined with the reference value given by the existing research, so that the evaluation value can be given according to the industry overview in the evaluation process. For qualitative indicators, data were obtained through questionnaires. In order to accurately grasp the key points of scoring in practical evaluation, each qualitative indicator was divided into five grades according to the evaluation grade: excellent, good, general, poor, and poor. The human resource management level of construction enterprises is divided into five different categories. The so-called “excellent,” “good,” “general,” “poor,” and “poor” are essentially grey concepts, and the corresponding classification is also grey. Therefore, determining the grey class of evaluation is to determine the number of grey class grades of evaluation.Step 2: We establish the triangular whitening weight function.Combined with the actual situation of the study, the value range of each index grey class is extended, and 0 grey class and 6 grey class are added. Furthermore, the triangular whitening weight function of each index is constructed.Step 3: We investigate and sort out the actual value of indicators.By collecting data from relevant departments, questionnaires, interviews, and other means, this study obtains the actual values of various indicators of the current situation of human resource management in construction enterprises, and quantifies these indicators through calculation formulas or expert scores.Step 4: We calculate the trigonometric whitening weight function value of each index.By substituting the realization values of each index of human resource management level of enterprises in W city into their respective trigonometric whitening weight functions, the whitening weight function values of each index corresponding to “excellent,” “good,” “general,” “poor,” and “poor” grey categories can be calculated.Step 5: We calculate the comprehensive clustering coefficient.According to formula (12), the comprehensive clustering coefficient of each grey class of the object to be evaluated can be calculated.(12)σk=∑j=1mfjkxj⋅ηj.According to the above calculation results, the evaluation level of basic conditions of the institution is “excellent,” indicating that the institution has complete legal person qualification and other licenses, and has good office conditions and service environment (see Table14). The evaluation grade of the informatization level is “good,” indicating that the organization still has shortcomings in informatization construction. The evaluation grade of social responsibility is “medium,” indicating that the organization is not active in undertaking social responsibility. The evaluation level of internal governance is “excellent,” indicating that the internal organizational structure, rules, and regulations of the institution are sound, and the comprehensive quality of employees is high. The work performance evaluation grade is “excellent,” indicating that the organization’s current business benefits and service projects are good. Finally, the grey clustering coefficient of the target layer is calculated, and the comprehensive evaluation grade of the mechanism is “excellent,” indicating that the comprehensive development level of the mechanism is good.Table 14
Comprehensive evaluation.
Primary indexσ15σ14σ13σ12σ11Evaluation gradeBasic conditions0.78910.56410.4190.35690.4087ExcellentInternal governance0.82360.67410.56990.49870.5321ExcellentInformatization level0.34210.78910.58910.45770.6213GoodSocial responsibility0.44510.53290.63940.43790.5582MiddleJob performance0.75740.54330.63210.33980.4278ExcellentTarget layer0.79540.56810.65320.74390.4435Excellent


## 5. Conclusions

As a strategic resource, human resources are very important to the sustainable development of enterprises. How to scientifically evaluate the contribution of human resource management to enterprise development has become an important issue concerned by academia and business circles. In view of the fact that there is a lot of grey information in the process of evaluating the effectiveness of strategic human resource management, this study applies the grey theory to the process of evaluating the effectiveness of strategic human resource management, provides new ideas and methods for studying the performance evaluation of strategic human resource management, and provides new theoretical guidance for enterprises to effectively evaluate the effectiveness of their human resource management.The purpose of enterprise human resource management evaluation is to improve the evaluation that itself is a management tool. Through the implementation of evaluation activities, we can integrate and optimize human resource management functions, improve human resource policies, and promote the continuous improvement of management level, so as to make greater contributions to the realization of enterprise strategic objectives. Evaluation activity is the ultimate goal of the evaluation of the effect of human resource management in enterprises, and it is also the premise of the healthy and sustainable development of enterprises. Based on the relevant theories of human resource management, this study takes construction enterprises as an example and starts from the current situation and characteristics of human resource management of construction enterprises in China, constructs the index system suitable for the evaluation of human resource management effect of construction enterprises, and analyzes the comprehensive evaluation model by using the grey system theory.



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*Source: 2023610-2022-07-08.xml*