# Nanomaterials and Research on the Repair of Basketball Sports Ligament Injury

Authors: Zhongyou Xing
Journal: Journal of Nanomaterials
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Sports ligament injury refers to muscle or joint injury caused by excessive use of limbs or long-term use of wrong training methods. This is a very common sports disease, and the body’s ability to heal itself is poor. At present, the clinical methods to treat this disease mainly include autologous structure transplantation, allogeneic structure transplantation, and artificial ligament reconstruction. Nanomaterials refer to materials made of them as basic units. Transplantation of homologous and allogeneic structures may cause immune rejection in the human body. Therefore, the use of nanomaterials to reconstruct artificial ligaments is the current research hotspot of sports injury repair. This article mainly studies the repair effect of nanomaterials on basketball sports ligament injuries. In this paper, by implanting nanofiber scaffolds in sports-injured rabbits, observing and comparing the healing, growth, and proliferation of damaged cells after implantation, and the compatibility of nanofibers with cell tissues, so as to determine that nanomaterials have an impact of lion sports injury repair and the interaction between nanomaterials and cells. According to the experimental results, the implantation of nanofiber scaffolds can greatly accelerate cell proliferation and differentiation and promote the healing of sports-damaged tissues; nanofiber scaffolds have good histocompatibility, so the use of nanomaterials can promote the repair of sports ligament injury in basketball sports.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Partial ligament injury without dislocation of the joint is called transition ligament itself complete fracture, it can also be attached to the bone avulsion, so as to form a potential joint dislocation subluxation or even complete dislocation. The main types of ligament injury are lacerations or ruptures. This is a very common sports disease, and the human body has very poor self-healing ability to this disease. The current clinical methods to treat this disease mainly include autologous structure transplantation, allogeneic structure transplantation, and artificial ligament reconstruction. Artificial ligaments have a long history of repairing sports ligament injuries. As early as the 1970s, artificial ligaments have been used in clinical research. These artificial materials have carbon fiber and other synthetic materials that are well described with human cells. For fibers, the treatment effect is not very good because these materials generally produce great friction with the tissue cells of the body, and even produce some debris, which has a great impact on the body’s movement function. Today, with the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials such as inorganic nanomaterials, polymer organic nanomaterials, nanocomposites, and bionic nanomaterials have been continuously developed, which have been used in the field of biomedicine. In 2007, Qin Ruiyun and others developed nanobone, which has a great effect on repairing damaged tissue cells. The porous structure of the nanomaterial is conducive to cell metabolism, because the effect of nanomaterials on cell structure and function determines the cytotoxicity and application value of nanomaterials, but it will not cause immune rejection in the body, so it has high compatibility with cells [1].At present, homologous structural transplantation and allogeneic structural transplantation that can repair the ligament injury caused by dragon dance and lion dance may cause immune rejection in the body. Therefore, the use of nanomaterials for artificial ligament reconstruction is the current research hotspot of sports injury repair. This article is studying the effect of nanomaterials on the repair of ligament injury caused by dragon dance and lion dance. Nanomaterials have many excellent structural characteristics, like nanomaterials that can be applied to infrared sensor materials because of their high optical absorption. The size of this material is on the order of nanometers. Due to the reduction of its particle size, nanomaterials have a large proportion of surface atoms and strong adsorption capacity, so they have high chemical reaction activity. This feature can regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, there are interactions and connections between nanometer units of nanomaterials. Many artificial synthetic materials used to treat sports ligament injuries have many shortcomings, such as low compatibility, which causes tissue inflammation, and too long use-time that may cause breakage. These problems will cause poor treatment effects. With the development and progress of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have gradually overcome these shortcomings, so nanomaterials will be widely used in the field of biomedicine, especially in the treatment of sports ligament injuries in recent years. This article uses experiments to explore the impact of nanofiber scaffold implantation on the repair of sports ligament injury [2, 3].In this paper, by implanting nanofiber scaffolds into rabbits with sports injuries, the author observed and compared the healing, growth, and proliferation of damaged cells after implantation, and the compatibility of nanofibers with cell tissues, so as to judge the sports injury caused by nanomaterials. The effect of repair and the interaction between nanomaterials and cells. In the experiment, 20 healthy rabbits were selected; all artificially created sports ligament injuries and epidermal wounds. Then, 10 of them were implanted with nanofiber scaffolds as the experimental group, and the remaining 10 were left untreated as the control group. In the following three days, seven days, and ten days, the wound healing of the rabbits was observed, and samples were collected for H&E staining, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy, and corresponding charts were made based on the test results. Implanting nanofiber scaffolds in the body is a very effective method for judging the compatibility of materials and cell tissues. This method can directly observe the body’s response to nanomaterials, and this experiment further studies nanomaterials and nanomaterials through slicing and the relationship between tissue cells. In the experiment, we will also observe the rabbit’s mental state, eating, and wound changes to judge the effect of nanomaterials on wounds and the effect on cell tissue. HE staining in this experiment can clearly observe the state and number of cells, and flow cytometry can count the proliferation and differentiation of cells [4].Sports ligament injuries are often caused by strenuous exercise or external forces, which are mainly divided into lacerations or ruptures. The human body has a poor self-healing ability for this disease. The current clinical treatment of this disease mainly has its own structure. Transplantation, allogeneic structure transplantation, and artificial ligament reconstruction; the first two treatments may cause immune rejection in the human body. Therefore, this article is studying the role of nanomaterials on the repair of ligament damage caused by dragon dance and lion dance. In this paper, by implanting nanofiber scaffolds into rabbits with sports injuries, the author observed and compared the healing, growth, and proliferation of damaged cells after implantation and the compatibility of nanofibers with cell tissues, so as to judge the sports injury caused by nanomaterials. The effect of repair and the interaction between nanomaterials and cells. The experimental results in this paper show that the porous structure of nanomaterials can promote the metabolism of cell tissues. Since the material has no biological activity, it will not cause immune rejection in the body. The implantation of nanofiber scaffolds has a certain promotion effect on wound healing and improves the healing rate of wounds. According to H&E staining tests, nanomaterials can promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and it can be intuitively observed that nanomaterials such as tissue cells have good compatibility which reduces the inflammation caused by the dragon dance and lion dance motor ligament injury, so the use of nanomaterials can promote the repair of the dragon dance and lion ligament injury [5, 6].


## 2. Preparation and Performance of Nanofiber Scaffold

### 2.1. Preparation Method of Nanofiber Scaffold

#### 2.1.1. Weaving

The three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold is a kind of collector that uses a high-speed rotating shaft to prepare a unidirectionally arranged nanofiber mat. The first single-circle-oriented nanofiber scaffold used a high-speed rotating mandrel as a collector, and then cut into thin strips along the direction of fiber arrangement. And then using lasso technology, a relatively good structure nanofiber scaffold can be prepared. Using this principle in the same way, weaving and other textile techniques can be used in the preparation process to prepare PLA, PCL, and other nanomaterials into various specific structures [7].


#### 2.1.2. Gas Foaming

The chemical foaming method uses a chemical method to generate gas to make the plastic foam; heat the chemical foaming agent added to the plastic to decompose it to release the gas and foam. In addition, it can also use the chemical interaction between the plastic components, reacting with the released gas and foam. The gas foaming method can maintain the shape of nanomaterials during the preparation of nanofiber scaffolds. Xie et al. developed another more advanced gas foaming method, which requires the generation of bubbles in aBH4 aqueous solution and then rapid freeze drying. The NaBH4 aqueous solution will quickly penetrate into the nanofiber membrane. In addition, the customized mold combination can optimize the gas foaming method. Based on the predesigned glass cover, the thickness of the expanded nanofiber scaffold can be adjusted [8].


#### 2.1.3. 3D Printing

3D printing is a technology that uses adhesive materials such as powdered metal or plastic to construct objects layer by layer on the basis of digital model files. 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology, also known as additive manufacturing. It is a technology that uses powdered metal or plastic and other bondable materials to construct objects based on digital model files by printing layer by layer. 3D printing technology is realized through a printer, so the computer can precisely control the shape and structure of the nanofiber scaffold. Due to the high precision of this technology, it is very suitable as a new way to prepare the nanofiber scaffold. The nanofiber scaffold prepared by 3D printing has a porous structure and the internal network is built by nanofibers. At present, many nanofiber scaffolds at home and abroad are prepared by using 3D printing technology. It is believed that with the further development of this technology, its role in preparing nanofiber scaffolds will become more and more important [9].


#### 2.1.4. Self-Assembly

Self-assembly is a phenomenon in which the constituent elements of the system gather and organize themselves into a regular structure without the intervention of human external forces. For example, the crystallization of molecules is a self-assembly phenomenon. Self-assembly generally exists in nature. For example, the cells of organisms are self-assembled by various biological molecules; and the self-assembly of various molecules is also a very important method to construct nanomaterials. This so-called bottom-up method is currently widely used to prepare nanomaterials with optical, electrical, magnetic, sensing, and catalytic functions. According to the current research status at home and abroad, molecular self-assembly is a new way to prepare nanomaterials. Generally, the structural units of molecular self-assembled nanomaterials are macromolecular substances such as polypeptides and proteins. Molecular self-assembly is currently widely used in spacecraft at home and abroad. Nanofiber scaffolds prepared by this method have very good performance and are widely popular in domestic and foreign research fields. Therefore, this method has become a research hotspot [10, 11].


#### 2.1.5. Freeze-Drying

Freezing prevents further agglomeration, and vacuum-dried particles tend to agglomerate and grow larger. Freeze-drying uses the principle of sublimation of ice crystals. In a high vacuum environment, the moisture of frozen food materials is directly sublimated from ice solids to steam without melting of ice. Generally, the moisture in vacuum-dried materials is converted in liquid form. The food is dried in the vapor state, so freeze-drying is also called freeze sublimation drying. Freeze-drying technology can not only dry the material quickly but also not destroy the original material structure of the material. This dehydration method is very convenient, efficient, and safe. Therefore, it is often used in two fields of food and materials. It has a wide range of applications, welcomed by everyone. Three-dimensional porous nanofiber refers to the preparation of the scaffold which requires this method. Ding et al. first studied the use of a high-speed homogenizer to break the electrospun nanofiber membrane, and then freeze-dry the material to obtain a nanofiber scaffold. The nanofiber scaffold prepared in this way has a wide range of applications and can be applied to a variety of different tissues, because it is a nanofiber scaffold with a specific shape and function that can be 3D printed using a computer [12].


### 2.2. Performance of Nanofiber Scaffold

Nanofiber scaffolds with good performance need to be able to simulate the natural extracellular matrix environment and need to have the following advantages: high compatibility, certain mechanical strength, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, large specific surface area, and highly penetrating porous structure. The characteristics of nanofiber scaffolds need to enable cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation, as well as the transmission of nutrients and metabolism. Therefore, most of the materials of nanofiber scaffolds are three-dimensional nanofiber porous structures, because this nanomaterial has good compatibility with cell tissues, and its structure not only meets the requirements, but also promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. At present, the preparation process of nanofiber scaffolds at home and abroad includes weaving, gas foaming, 3D printing, self-assembly, freeze-drying and other steps. After being made, they are mostly used to lead the way in biomedicine. This article is about nanofiber scaffolds for dragon dance and lion dance sexual injury. Of course, there are many other preparation methods. Compared with other methods, this method is cheaper and easier to operate and is suitable for large-scale production. At present, nanofiber scaffolds such as PLLA, PCL, and PLAG have been prepared by this method at home and abroad [13].The crystallinity and hydrophobicity of PCL are stronger than those of PLLA. PLLA and PCL are two kinds of nanomaterials that are widely used. They have good compatibility and are biodegradable. However, if PLLA is not easy to be implanted in the body, it may break due to too long use-time. On the contrary, a good PCL can make up for the shortcomings of PLLA. The material has good toughness and strong plasticity but insufficient mechanical strength. Therefore, mixing the two materials can improve each other’s shortcomings. The performance of the new mixed material is very outstanding, and it overcomes the insufficient toughness of PLLA and the insufficient strength of PCL. The mixed material is very popular in clinical medical research [14]. About 72 hours after injury, platelet and multi potential mesenchymal cells began to appear in the wound. At this time, macrophages devoured necrotic tissue and released growth factors including FGF, TGF, and PDGF, which stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts and the synthesis of collagen I, III, and V and noncollagen egg white, and induced vascularization and granulation tissue formation, which we call the proliferation period. In the proliferation stage, fibroblasts produce compact and porous connective tissue with collagen characteristics and are combined in the ligament fracture area, which we call scar tissue. The scar tissue was irregular in shape at the beginning of formation, rich in collagen of type 3 and type 5, and began to form a small diameter collagen fiber bundle, followed by the remodeling and maturity of the tissue, and finally the ligament healing was realized. During the process of regeneration ligament maturation, the porosity of tissue gradually decreases and extracellular matrix gradually enriches and grows along the axial direction. The new tissue begins to have a stable directionality, which lasts for at least one year.If ionomer treatment is performed on the fiber scaffold, the surface of the nanofiber scaffold can be changed for a long time, and the water contact angle of the nanofiber scaffold can be reduced, thereby improving the hydrophilicity of the nanofiber scaffold, and this operation can also improve the nanofiber scaffold biocompatibility, so the performance of the nanofiber scaffold can be improved through this treatment. The hydrophilicity of the nanofiber scaffold increases with the increase of plasma treatment time, and the function of the nanofiber scaffold to promote cell proliferation after plasma treatment is also improved. However, plasma treatment can also damage the fiber structure of the nanofiber scaffold, and the longer the time, the more serious the structure damage, which leads to the destruction of the performance of the nanofiber scaffold. Therefore, when performing plasma treatment on the nanofiber scaffold, it is necessary to strictly follow the steps to control the time within the effective time range that can improve the performance of the nanofiber scaffold without damaging the structure of the nanofiber scaffold. In the preparation of nanofiber scaffolds, it is necessary to change the force applied to the fibers to change the performance of the nanofiber scaffolds [15].


### 2.3. Prospect of Nanomaterials in the Ligament Injury of Basketball Sports

Research on the use of nanofibers in tissue engineering started late and is still in its infancy, especially in the field of biomedicine. There are fewer studies on fusion of nanomaterials. Many domestic and foreign studies have not entered the stage of clinical experimental research, so nanomaterials are used in dragon dance and lion dance. There is little experience in sexual ligament injury, and the related safety and reliability performance still need a lot of experiments to further improve. At present, nanomaterials are still facing many problems when used for sports ligament injuries, such as how to construct the cell-nanomaterial interface, how to reduce the body’s immune rejection caused by nanofiber scaffolds, and how to improve the compatibility of nanomaterials. With the advancement of tissue engineering technology, the second generation of biomaterials began to develop into the third generation of activated bionic materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nanobionic material with repair function in sexual ligament injury and reduce complications such as inflammation caused by immune rejection reaction [16].With the further development of nanotechnology, nanobiology, nanomaterials, nanomedicine, and other disciplines have also developed and progressed. Especially in recent years, these disciplines have gradually begun to merge and penetrate, and there has also been an in-depth integration between the biological field and nano materials. Research has brought new treatment methods and ideas, and the application of nanomaterials in medicine has opened up many new research directions. At present, new nanomaterials will be developed for ligament injuries [17].With the further development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have begun to merge with the biological field. This trend has also provided new ways and methods for the treatment of ligament injury caused by dragon dance and lion dance. Over the years, nanomaterials have made great achievements in the treatment of ligament injuries. Big research results and applications have gradually increased and become research hotspots. However, the application of nanomaterials in various aspects is still insufficient, especially in the biological field. There are fewer studies on fusion of nanomaterials. Many domestic and foreign studies have not entered the stage of clinical experimental research. If nanomaterials are required to be integrated and used more widely in the biological field, it will take a long time to strengthen the research and cooperation of personnel in related fields to develop more useful bionanomaterials and integrate nanomaterials into medical treatment more deeply. We believe that with the further development of nanotechnology and the development of more nanomaterials, there will be progress in disease diagnosis and drug treatment. This material will be used to treat more diseases and bring new hope to more patients [18].


## 2.1. Preparation Method of Nanofiber Scaffold

### 2.1.1. Weaving

The three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold is a kind of collector that uses a high-speed rotating shaft to prepare a unidirectionally arranged nanofiber mat. The first single-circle-oriented nanofiber scaffold used a high-speed rotating mandrel as a collector, and then cut into thin strips along the direction of fiber arrangement. And then using lasso technology, a relatively good structure nanofiber scaffold can be prepared. Using this principle in the same way, weaving and other textile techniques can be used in the preparation process to prepare PLA, PCL, and other nanomaterials into various specific structures [7].


### 2.1.2. Gas Foaming

The chemical foaming method uses a chemical method to generate gas to make the plastic foam; heat the chemical foaming agent added to the plastic to decompose it to release the gas and foam. In addition, it can also use the chemical interaction between the plastic components, reacting with the released gas and foam. The gas foaming method can maintain the shape of nanomaterials during the preparation of nanofiber scaffolds. Xie et al. developed another more advanced gas foaming method, which requires the generation of bubbles in aBH4 aqueous solution and then rapid freeze drying. The NaBH4 aqueous solution will quickly penetrate into the nanofiber membrane. In addition, the customized mold combination can optimize the gas foaming method. Based on the predesigned glass cover, the thickness of the expanded nanofiber scaffold can be adjusted [8].


### 2.1.3. 3D Printing

3D printing is a technology that uses adhesive materials such as powdered metal or plastic to construct objects layer by layer on the basis of digital model files. 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology, also known as additive manufacturing. It is a technology that uses powdered metal or plastic and other bondable materials to construct objects based on digital model files by printing layer by layer. 3D printing technology is realized through a printer, so the computer can precisely control the shape and structure of the nanofiber scaffold. Due to the high precision of this technology, it is very suitable as a new way to prepare the nanofiber scaffold. The nanofiber scaffold prepared by 3D printing has a porous structure and the internal network is built by nanofibers. At present, many nanofiber scaffolds at home and abroad are prepared by using 3D printing technology. It is believed that with the further development of this technology, its role in preparing nanofiber scaffolds will become more and more important [9].


### 2.1.4. Self-Assembly

Self-assembly is a phenomenon in which the constituent elements of the system gather and organize themselves into a regular structure without the intervention of human external forces. For example, the crystallization of molecules is a self-assembly phenomenon. Self-assembly generally exists in nature. For example, the cells of organisms are self-assembled by various biological molecules; and the self-assembly of various molecules is also a very important method to construct nanomaterials. This so-called bottom-up method is currently widely used to prepare nanomaterials with optical, electrical, magnetic, sensing, and catalytic functions. According to the current research status at home and abroad, molecular self-assembly is a new way to prepare nanomaterials. Generally, the structural units of molecular self-assembled nanomaterials are macromolecular substances such as polypeptides and proteins. Molecular self-assembly is currently widely used in spacecraft at home and abroad. Nanofiber scaffolds prepared by this method have very good performance and are widely popular in domestic and foreign research fields. Therefore, this method has become a research hotspot [10, 11].


### 2.1.5. Freeze-Drying

Freezing prevents further agglomeration, and vacuum-dried particles tend to agglomerate and grow larger. Freeze-drying uses the principle of sublimation of ice crystals. In a high vacuum environment, the moisture of frozen food materials is directly sublimated from ice solids to steam without melting of ice. Generally, the moisture in vacuum-dried materials is converted in liquid form. The food is dried in the vapor state, so freeze-drying is also called freeze sublimation drying. Freeze-drying technology can not only dry the material quickly but also not destroy the original material structure of the material. This dehydration method is very convenient, efficient, and safe. Therefore, it is often used in two fields of food and materials. It has a wide range of applications, welcomed by everyone. Three-dimensional porous nanofiber refers to the preparation of the scaffold which requires this method. Ding et al. first studied the use of a high-speed homogenizer to break the electrospun nanofiber membrane, and then freeze-dry the material to obtain a nanofiber scaffold. The nanofiber scaffold prepared in this way has a wide range of applications and can be applied to a variety of different tissues, because it is a nanofiber scaffold with a specific shape and function that can be 3D printed using a computer [12].


## 2.1.1. Weaving

The three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold is a kind of collector that uses a high-speed rotating shaft to prepare a unidirectionally arranged nanofiber mat. The first single-circle-oriented nanofiber scaffold used a high-speed rotating mandrel as a collector, and then cut into thin strips along the direction of fiber arrangement. And then using lasso technology, a relatively good structure nanofiber scaffold can be prepared. Using this principle in the same way, weaving and other textile techniques can be used in the preparation process to prepare PLA, PCL, and other nanomaterials into various specific structures [7].


## 2.1.2. Gas Foaming

The chemical foaming method uses a chemical method to generate gas to make the plastic foam; heat the chemical foaming agent added to the plastic to decompose it to release the gas and foam. In addition, it can also use the chemical interaction between the plastic components, reacting with the released gas and foam. The gas foaming method can maintain the shape of nanomaterials during the preparation of nanofiber scaffolds. Xie et al. developed another more advanced gas foaming method, which requires the generation of bubbles in aBH4 aqueous solution and then rapid freeze drying. The NaBH4 aqueous solution will quickly penetrate into the nanofiber membrane. In addition, the customized mold combination can optimize the gas foaming method. Based on the predesigned glass cover, the thickness of the expanded nanofiber scaffold can be adjusted [8].


## 2.1.3. 3D Printing

3D printing is a technology that uses adhesive materials such as powdered metal or plastic to construct objects layer by layer on the basis of digital model files. 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology, also known as additive manufacturing. It is a technology that uses powdered metal or plastic and other bondable materials to construct objects based on digital model files by printing layer by layer. 3D printing technology is realized through a printer, so the computer can precisely control the shape and structure of the nanofiber scaffold. Due to the high precision of this technology, it is very suitable as a new way to prepare the nanofiber scaffold. The nanofiber scaffold prepared by 3D printing has a porous structure and the internal network is built by nanofibers. At present, many nanofiber scaffolds at home and abroad are prepared by using 3D printing technology. It is believed that with the further development of this technology, its role in preparing nanofiber scaffolds will become more and more important [9].


## 2.1.4. Self-Assembly

Self-assembly is a phenomenon in which the constituent elements of the system gather and organize themselves into a regular structure without the intervention of human external forces. For example, the crystallization of molecules is a self-assembly phenomenon. Self-assembly generally exists in nature. For example, the cells of organisms are self-assembled by various biological molecules; and the self-assembly of various molecules is also a very important method to construct nanomaterials. This so-called bottom-up method is currently widely used to prepare nanomaterials with optical, electrical, magnetic, sensing, and catalytic functions. According to the current research status at home and abroad, molecular self-assembly is a new way to prepare nanomaterials. Generally, the structural units of molecular self-assembled nanomaterials are macromolecular substances such as polypeptides and proteins. Molecular self-assembly is currently widely used in spacecraft at home and abroad. Nanofiber scaffolds prepared by this method have very good performance and are widely popular in domestic and foreign research fields. Therefore, this method has become a research hotspot [10, 11].


## 2.1.5. Freeze-Drying

Freezing prevents further agglomeration, and vacuum-dried particles tend to agglomerate and grow larger. Freeze-drying uses the principle of sublimation of ice crystals. In a high vacuum environment, the moisture of frozen food materials is directly sublimated from ice solids to steam without melting of ice. Generally, the moisture in vacuum-dried materials is converted in liquid form. The food is dried in the vapor state, so freeze-drying is also called freeze sublimation drying. Freeze-drying technology can not only dry the material quickly but also not destroy the original material structure of the material. This dehydration method is very convenient, efficient, and safe. Therefore, it is often used in two fields of food and materials. It has a wide range of applications, welcomed by everyone. Three-dimensional porous nanofiber refers to the preparation of the scaffold which requires this method. Ding et al. first studied the use of a high-speed homogenizer to break the electrospun nanofiber membrane, and then freeze-dry the material to obtain a nanofiber scaffold. The nanofiber scaffold prepared in this way has a wide range of applications and can be applied to a variety of different tissues, because it is a nanofiber scaffold with a specific shape and function that can be 3D printed using a computer [12].


## 2.2. Performance of Nanofiber Scaffold

Nanofiber scaffolds with good performance need to be able to simulate the natural extracellular matrix environment and need to have the following advantages: high compatibility, certain mechanical strength, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, large specific surface area, and highly penetrating porous structure. The characteristics of nanofiber scaffolds need to enable cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation, as well as the transmission of nutrients and metabolism. Therefore, most of the materials of nanofiber scaffolds are three-dimensional nanofiber porous structures, because this nanomaterial has good compatibility with cell tissues, and its structure not only meets the requirements, but also promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. At present, the preparation process of nanofiber scaffolds at home and abroad includes weaving, gas foaming, 3D printing, self-assembly, freeze-drying and other steps. After being made, they are mostly used to lead the way in biomedicine. This article is about nanofiber scaffolds for dragon dance and lion dance sexual injury. Of course, there are many other preparation methods. Compared with other methods, this method is cheaper and easier to operate and is suitable for large-scale production. At present, nanofiber scaffolds such as PLLA, PCL, and PLAG have been prepared by this method at home and abroad [13].The crystallinity and hydrophobicity of PCL are stronger than those of PLLA. PLLA and PCL are two kinds of nanomaterials that are widely used. They have good compatibility and are biodegradable. However, if PLLA is not easy to be implanted in the body, it may break due to too long use-time. On the contrary, a good PCL can make up for the shortcomings of PLLA. The material has good toughness and strong plasticity but insufficient mechanical strength. Therefore, mixing the two materials can improve each other’s shortcomings. The performance of the new mixed material is very outstanding, and it overcomes the insufficient toughness of PLLA and the insufficient strength of PCL. The mixed material is very popular in clinical medical research [14]. About 72 hours after injury, platelet and multi potential mesenchymal cells began to appear in the wound. At this time, macrophages devoured necrotic tissue and released growth factors including FGF, TGF, and PDGF, which stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts and the synthesis of collagen I, III, and V and noncollagen egg white, and induced vascularization and granulation tissue formation, which we call the proliferation period. In the proliferation stage, fibroblasts produce compact and porous connective tissue with collagen characteristics and are combined in the ligament fracture area, which we call scar tissue. The scar tissue was irregular in shape at the beginning of formation, rich in collagen of type 3 and type 5, and began to form a small diameter collagen fiber bundle, followed by the remodeling and maturity of the tissue, and finally the ligament healing was realized. During the process of regeneration ligament maturation, the porosity of tissue gradually decreases and extracellular matrix gradually enriches and grows along the axial direction. The new tissue begins to have a stable directionality, which lasts for at least one year.If ionomer treatment is performed on the fiber scaffold, the surface of the nanofiber scaffold can be changed for a long time, and the water contact angle of the nanofiber scaffold can be reduced, thereby improving the hydrophilicity of the nanofiber scaffold, and this operation can also improve the nanofiber scaffold biocompatibility, so the performance of the nanofiber scaffold can be improved through this treatment. The hydrophilicity of the nanofiber scaffold increases with the increase of plasma treatment time, and the function of the nanofiber scaffold to promote cell proliferation after plasma treatment is also improved. However, plasma treatment can also damage the fiber structure of the nanofiber scaffold, and the longer the time, the more serious the structure damage, which leads to the destruction of the performance of the nanofiber scaffold. Therefore, when performing plasma treatment on the nanofiber scaffold, it is necessary to strictly follow the steps to control the time within the effective time range that can improve the performance of the nanofiber scaffold without damaging the structure of the nanofiber scaffold. In the preparation of nanofiber scaffolds, it is necessary to change the force applied to the fibers to change the performance of the nanofiber scaffolds [15].


## 2.3. Prospect of Nanomaterials in the Ligament Injury of Basketball Sports

Research on the use of nanofibers in tissue engineering started late and is still in its infancy, especially in the field of biomedicine. There are fewer studies on fusion of nanomaterials. Many domestic and foreign studies have not entered the stage of clinical experimental research, so nanomaterials are used in dragon dance and lion dance. There is little experience in sexual ligament injury, and the related safety and reliability performance still need a lot of experiments to further improve. At present, nanomaterials are still facing many problems when used for sports ligament injuries, such as how to construct the cell-nanomaterial interface, how to reduce the body’s immune rejection caused by nanofiber scaffolds, and how to improve the compatibility of nanomaterials. With the advancement of tissue engineering technology, the second generation of biomaterials began to develop into the third generation of activated bionic materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nanobionic material with repair function in sexual ligament injury and reduce complications such as inflammation caused by immune rejection reaction [16].With the further development of nanotechnology, nanobiology, nanomaterials, nanomedicine, and other disciplines have also developed and progressed. Especially in recent years, these disciplines have gradually begun to merge and penetrate, and there has also been an in-depth integration between the biological field and nano materials. Research has brought new treatment methods and ideas, and the application of nanomaterials in medicine has opened up many new research directions. At present, new nanomaterials will be developed for ligament injuries [17].With the further development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have begun to merge with the biological field. This trend has also provided new ways and methods for the treatment of ligament injury caused by dragon dance and lion dance. Over the years, nanomaterials have made great achievements in the treatment of ligament injuries. Big research results and applications have gradually increased and become research hotspots. However, the application of nanomaterials in various aspects is still insufficient, especially in the biological field. There are fewer studies on fusion of nanomaterials. Many domestic and foreign studies have not entered the stage of clinical experimental research. If nanomaterials are required to be integrated and used more widely in the biological field, it will take a long time to strengthen the research and cooperation of personnel in related fields to develop more useful bionanomaterials and integrate nanomaterials into medical treatment more deeply. We believe that with the further development of nanotechnology and the development of more nanomaterials, there will be progress in disease diagnosis and drug treatment. This material will be used to treat more diseases and bring new hope to more patients [18].


## 3. Experimental Steps

### 3.1. Experimental Materials and Instruments

The materials and instruments used were 20 healthy male and female rabbits, PCL nanofiber scaffold, physiological saline, test tube, surgical instrument, pipette, 75% ethanol solution, 30% supersaturated sodium sulfide solution, flow cytometer, microscope, and centrifugal precipitator.


### 3.2. Experiment Method

#### 3.2.1. Experimental Grouping

In the experiment, 20 healthy rabbits were selected, all artificially created sports ligament injuries and epidermal wounds. Then, 10 of them were implanted with nanofiber scaffolds as the experimental group, and the remaining 10 were left untreated as the control group. In the following three days, seven days, and ten days, the wound healing of the rabbits was observed, and samples were collected for H&E staining, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy, and corresponding charts were made based on the test results.


#### 3.2.2. Preparation of Animal Models and Wound Treatment

Shave the hair beside the spine of the healthy rabbit, then gently wipe the rabbit’s back with a 30% supersaturated sodium sulfide solution, and clean it after a few minutes. Subsequently, the rabbit was injected with 3% pentobarbital solution, and then the rabbit’s skin was cut and separated to the deep fascia. Then, 10 rabbits were randomly selected to be implanted with nanofiber scaffolds as the experimental group, and the remaining 10 rabbits were dipped in gauze and wrapped in saline to wrap their wounds as the control group.


#### 3.2.3. Collection of Animal Model Specimens

In three days, seven days, and ten days after the sports ligament injury, the specimens were collected according to the steps. Collect specimens at each observation time node, then fix the specimens with formalin for 48 hours, then dehydrate with ethanol and embed the sections with paraffin, so that the sections are ready.


#### 3.2.4. TUNEL Test

According to the established observation time node, collect the required specimens, follow the detection steps of TUNEL detection, complete the detection step by step, and then carefully observe the number of apoptotic cartilage cells and the spatial distribution characteristics and distribution range under the microscope. Under the microscope, it can be observed that the nucleus of the apoptotic cartilage cells is brown, and their morphology and size are different. Compared with normal cells, the nuclear phase is more compact, and even some cytoplasms may be positive and stained. The apoptotic cells in the late stage will be further broken up, and there are apoptosis cells with different nuclear fragments. Some apoptotic chondrocytes were positive, but the color was very light. The nuclei of normal cargo cells are stained blue, and the nuclei are similar in shape and size. The nucleus is larger than the apoptotic nucleus.


#### 3.2.5. Observation by Transmission Electron Microscope

Take 2 days, 7 days, and 10 days after the injury of the motor ligament, and 2 samples from the control group, then soak the samples in glutaraldehyde phosphate solution, and then put the samples in the refrigerator for two days. After the specimen is processed, it is trimmed into a neat long strip, and then placed in osmic acid and fixed for 2 hours. Then, follow the conventional steps of making slices, process the collected specimens step by step, and finally observe the cell status carefully under the microscope to observe the number of apoptotic cells and the characteristics and range of their distribution locations.


## 3.1. Experimental Materials and Instruments

The materials and instruments used were 20 healthy male and female rabbits, PCL nanofiber scaffold, physiological saline, test tube, surgical instrument, pipette, 75% ethanol solution, 30% supersaturated sodium sulfide solution, flow cytometer, microscope, and centrifugal precipitator.


## 3.2. Experiment Method

### 3.2.1. Experimental Grouping

In the experiment, 20 healthy rabbits were selected, all artificially created sports ligament injuries and epidermal wounds. Then, 10 of them were implanted with nanofiber scaffolds as the experimental group, and the remaining 10 were left untreated as the control group. In the following three days, seven days, and ten days, the wound healing of the rabbits was observed, and samples were collected for H&E staining, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy, and corresponding charts were made based on the test results.


### 3.2.2. Preparation of Animal Models and Wound Treatment

Shave the hair beside the spine of the healthy rabbit, then gently wipe the rabbit’s back with a 30% supersaturated sodium sulfide solution, and clean it after a few minutes. Subsequently, the rabbit was injected with 3% pentobarbital solution, and then the rabbit’s skin was cut and separated to the deep fascia. Then, 10 rabbits were randomly selected to be implanted with nanofiber scaffolds as the experimental group, and the remaining 10 rabbits were dipped in gauze and wrapped in saline to wrap their wounds as the control group.


### 3.2.3. Collection of Animal Model Specimens

In three days, seven days, and ten days after the sports ligament injury, the specimens were collected according to the steps. Collect specimens at each observation time node, then fix the specimens with formalin for 48 hours, then dehydrate with ethanol and embed the sections with paraffin, so that the sections are ready.


### 3.2.4. TUNEL Test

According to the established observation time node, collect the required specimens, follow the detection steps of TUNEL detection, complete the detection step by step, and then carefully observe the number of apoptotic cartilage cells and the spatial distribution characteristics and distribution range under the microscope. Under the microscope, it can be observed that the nucleus of the apoptotic cartilage cells is brown, and their morphology and size are different. Compared with normal cells, the nuclear phase is more compact, and even some cytoplasms may be positive and stained. The apoptotic cells in the late stage will be further broken up, and there are apoptosis cells with different nuclear fragments. Some apoptotic chondrocytes were positive, but the color was very light. The nuclei of normal cargo cells are stained blue, and the nuclei are similar in shape and size. The nucleus is larger than the apoptotic nucleus.


### 3.2.5. Observation by Transmission Electron Microscope

Take 2 days, 7 days, and 10 days after the injury of the motor ligament, and 2 samples from the control group, then soak the samples in glutaraldehyde phosphate solution, and then put the samples in the refrigerator for two days. After the specimen is processed, it is trimmed into a neat long strip, and then placed in osmic acid and fixed for 2 hours. Then, follow the conventional steps of making slices, process the collected specimens step by step, and finally observe the cell status carefully under the microscope to observe the number of apoptotic cells and the characteristics and range of their distribution locations.


## 3.2.1. Experimental Grouping

In the experiment, 20 healthy rabbits were selected, all artificially created sports ligament injuries and epidermal wounds. Then, 10 of them were implanted with nanofiber scaffolds as the experimental group, and the remaining 10 were left untreated as the control group. In the following three days, seven days, and ten days, the wound healing of the rabbits was observed, and samples were collected for H&E staining, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy, and corresponding charts were made based on the test results.


## 3.2.2. Preparation of Animal Models and Wound Treatment

Shave the hair beside the spine of the healthy rabbit, then gently wipe the rabbit’s back with a 30% supersaturated sodium sulfide solution, and clean it after a few minutes. Subsequently, the rabbit was injected with 3% pentobarbital solution, and then the rabbit’s skin was cut and separated to the deep fascia. Then, 10 rabbits were randomly selected to be implanted with nanofiber scaffolds as the experimental group, and the remaining 10 rabbits were dipped in gauze and wrapped in saline to wrap their wounds as the control group.


## 3.2.3. Collection of Animal Model Specimens

In three days, seven days, and ten days after the sports ligament injury, the specimens were collected according to the steps. Collect specimens at each observation time node, then fix the specimens with formalin for 48 hours, then dehydrate with ethanol and embed the sections with paraffin, so that the sections are ready.


## 3.2.4. TUNEL Test

According to the established observation time node, collect the required specimens, follow the detection steps of TUNEL detection, complete the detection step by step, and then carefully observe the number of apoptotic cartilage cells and the spatial distribution characteristics and distribution range under the microscope. Under the microscope, it can be observed that the nucleus of the apoptotic cartilage cells is brown, and their morphology and size are different. Compared with normal cells, the nuclear phase is more compact, and even some cytoplasms may be positive and stained. The apoptotic cells in the late stage will be further broken up, and there are apoptosis cells with different nuclear fragments. Some apoptotic chondrocytes were positive, but the color was very light. The nuclei of normal cargo cells are stained blue, and the nuclei are similar in shape and size. The nucleus is larger than the apoptotic nucleus.


## 3.2.5. Observation by Transmission Electron Microscope

Take 2 days, 7 days, and 10 days after the injury of the motor ligament, and 2 samples from the control group, then soak the samples in glutaraldehyde phosphate solution, and then put the samples in the refrigerator for two days. After the specimen is processed, it is trimmed into a neat long strip, and then placed in osmic acid and fixed for 2 hours. Then, follow the conventional steps of making slices, process the collected specimens step by step, and finally observe the cell status carefully under the microscope to observe the number of apoptotic cells and the characteristics and range of their distribution locations.


## 4. Results Analysis

### 4.1. H&E Staining

After H&E staining, it can be seen that there are a few scattered apoptotic and necrotic cells around the ligament injury area and articular cartilage. The color of the nucleus is very prominent after staining, and it can also be seen that the cell membrane is not broken. Two days after ligament injury, more apoptotic ligament cells can be observed. On the fourth day after injury, the number of apoptotic ligament cells that can be observed reaches a peak and is distributed everywhere. Compared with the control group, after the nanofiber scaffold was implanted in the treatment group, the number of apoptotic ligament cells was much less than that in the control group on the second day, and the rate of cell apoptosis was also greatly delayed.As shown in Figure1, within ten days after the ligament injury, the ligament injury gradually healed over time. Three days after ligament injury, the healing rate of the control group without any treatment was very low, only 25%. On the contrary, the wound healing rate of the experimental group implanted with nanofiber scaffolds was nearly twice as that of the control group, as high as 40%. Seven days after the ligament injury, the wound healing rate of the experimental group soared to 70%. Although the control group also increased slightly, it was still much less than the experimental group, only 57%. Ten days later, the wound healing rate of both groups increased, but because the wounds were basically close to healing, the increase in the experimental group was only 20%, while the increase in the control group was as high as 30%. It can be seen that implanting nanomicroscopic scaffolds in the body can help promote wound healing.Figure 1
Comparison of wound healing rate.In Figure2, the number of normal ligament cell apoptosis is generally very small, while the number of ligament apoptotic cells after ligament injury increases significantly. Two days after the ligament injury, the number of ligament injury cells in the experimental group was 23, while the control group had 62 cells under the microscope. Four days after the ligament injury, the number of apoptotic cells in the ligament reached its peak. There were 117 in the control group, while the experimental group had 78 in comparison. Then, until the fourth week, the apoptotic cells in the ligament began to decline gradually, and the decline in the experimental group was more rapid than the decline in the control group. On the tenth day, the experimental group dropped to 42, while the control group had a little more, down to 59. And then in the fourth week, the two groups’ costs fell to the same level. It can be seen that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in the body can reduce the apoptosis of ligament cells and promote the healing of ligament injuries.Figure 2
Comparison of changes in apoptosis of ligament injury.According to the analysis of this experiment, it can be concluded that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can promote cell metabolism, accelerate wound healing, and reduce the apoptosis of ligament damaged cells. According to the experimental results, no complications such as inflammation and immune rejection occurred, indicating that the nanofiber scaffold has good compatibility with the cells in the body, and promoting wound healing indicates that nanomaterials can increase cell metabolism and accelerate cell proliferation and differentiation.


### 4.2. Flow Cytometry Detection

After implanting the nanofiber scaffold in the experimental group, after the ligament cells reacted with type II collagenase at each observation time node, the collected samples were made into cell suspension, and then tested by flow cytometry. The test results show that compared with the control group and normal ligaments, the apoptosis rate of ligament cells and the number of ligament cells in the treatment group are greatly reduced at each time node. This is for future research on nanomaterials. The relationship with cells plays an important role.The results of flow cytometry can see the proliferation of ligament cells. Figure3 shows the proliferation of ligament cells after ligament injury. It can be seen from the figure that the number of ligament proliferating cells that can be observed under the microscope under normal circumstances is certain. After ligament injury, ligament cells begin to proliferate in large numbers. In the four days after ligament injury, the ligament cells of the experimental group and the control group increased significantly, and the experimental group increased by 10 more than the control group. After the fourth day, the proliferation rate of ligament cells increased. By the seventh day, the number of ligament cells increased, reaching 55 in the control group and 68 in the experimental group. In the next few days, the number of ligament cell proliferation in the experimental group and the control group began to decline, while the control group declined even faster, and it dropped to 20 on the 14th day, while the experimental group dropped to 28. Four weeks later, the number of ligament cell proliferation in the experimental group and the control group was basically the same as the normal group. Figure 3 illustrates that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can promote the proliferation and differentiation of ligament cells after ligament injury, so as to promote the healing of ligament injury.Figure 3
Ligament cell proliferation.In this experiment, the state of the cells can be observed under a microscope, and it can be judged that after ligament injury, there will be ligament cell apoptosis. According to Figure4, in the control group, the apoptotic rate of ligament cells continued to rise within four days after injury, reaching a peak on the fourth day, and then the apoptotic rate decreased. It can be seen that when the ligament is damaged, the ligament cells will continue to undergo apoptosis and necrosis. Within a short time after the ligament is injured, a small amount of apoptosis appears in the surface layer of the ligament. In the following two days, this kind of apoptosis begins to move to the middle layer. After days, apoptotic cells are more widely distributed and the damage is more serious. After 14 days, the damage was reduced and the wound began to recover. Four weeks later, the damage was basically healed, and the cells no longer continued to apoptosis. After the experimental group was implanted with the nanofiber scaffold, although the trend was similar to that of the control group, the cell apoptosis rate was much smaller in comparison. On the second day after ligament injury, the apoptosis rate of ligament cells in the experimental group was 5% lower than that of the control group. On the fourth day of the peak apoptosis rate, the experimental group was 50% lower than that of the control group. After 14 days, the experimental group was 50% lower than that of the control group. The control group was 15% lower than that of the control group on the fourth day, and the rate of difference between the two groups began to drop. Figure 4 shows that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can inhibit ligament cell apoptosis and reduce the rate of ligament cell apoptosis.Figure 4
Comparison of changes in apoptosis rate of ligament cells.The above two figures show that the implantation of nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can promote the division of ligament cells and inhibit the apoptosis of ligament cells. Promoting cell division can prove that the porous structure of nanofibers can promote cell metabolism, and the relatively large surface area is conducive to cell adhesion, which can promote the proliferation of ligament cells. In addition, nanomaterials can also inhibit cell apoptosis, indicating that nanomaterials have good compatibility with ligament cells, which can avoid immune rejection and reduce complications such as inflammation.


## 4.1. H&E Staining

After H&E staining, it can be seen that there are a few scattered apoptotic and necrotic cells around the ligament injury area and articular cartilage. The color of the nucleus is very prominent after staining, and it can also be seen that the cell membrane is not broken. Two days after ligament injury, more apoptotic ligament cells can be observed. On the fourth day after injury, the number of apoptotic ligament cells that can be observed reaches a peak and is distributed everywhere. Compared with the control group, after the nanofiber scaffold was implanted in the treatment group, the number of apoptotic ligament cells was much less than that in the control group on the second day, and the rate of cell apoptosis was also greatly delayed.As shown in Figure1, within ten days after the ligament injury, the ligament injury gradually healed over time. Three days after ligament injury, the healing rate of the control group without any treatment was very low, only 25%. On the contrary, the wound healing rate of the experimental group implanted with nanofiber scaffolds was nearly twice as that of the control group, as high as 40%. Seven days after the ligament injury, the wound healing rate of the experimental group soared to 70%. Although the control group also increased slightly, it was still much less than the experimental group, only 57%. Ten days later, the wound healing rate of both groups increased, but because the wounds were basically close to healing, the increase in the experimental group was only 20%, while the increase in the control group was as high as 30%. It can be seen that implanting nanomicroscopic scaffolds in the body can help promote wound healing.Figure 1
Comparison of wound healing rate.In Figure2, the number of normal ligament cell apoptosis is generally very small, while the number of ligament apoptotic cells after ligament injury increases significantly. Two days after the ligament injury, the number of ligament injury cells in the experimental group was 23, while the control group had 62 cells under the microscope. Four days after the ligament injury, the number of apoptotic cells in the ligament reached its peak. There were 117 in the control group, while the experimental group had 78 in comparison. Then, until the fourth week, the apoptotic cells in the ligament began to decline gradually, and the decline in the experimental group was more rapid than the decline in the control group. On the tenth day, the experimental group dropped to 42, while the control group had a little more, down to 59. And then in the fourth week, the two groups’ costs fell to the same level. It can be seen that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in the body can reduce the apoptosis of ligament cells and promote the healing of ligament injuries.Figure 2
Comparison of changes in apoptosis of ligament injury.According to the analysis of this experiment, it can be concluded that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can promote cell metabolism, accelerate wound healing, and reduce the apoptosis of ligament damaged cells. According to the experimental results, no complications such as inflammation and immune rejection occurred, indicating that the nanofiber scaffold has good compatibility with the cells in the body, and promoting wound healing indicates that nanomaterials can increase cell metabolism and accelerate cell proliferation and differentiation.


## 4.2. Flow Cytometry Detection

After implanting the nanofiber scaffold in the experimental group, after the ligament cells reacted with type II collagenase at each observation time node, the collected samples were made into cell suspension, and then tested by flow cytometry. The test results show that compared with the control group and normal ligaments, the apoptosis rate of ligament cells and the number of ligament cells in the treatment group are greatly reduced at each time node. This is for future research on nanomaterials. The relationship with cells plays an important role.The results of flow cytometry can see the proliferation of ligament cells. Figure3 shows the proliferation of ligament cells after ligament injury. It can be seen from the figure that the number of ligament proliferating cells that can be observed under the microscope under normal circumstances is certain. After ligament injury, ligament cells begin to proliferate in large numbers. In the four days after ligament injury, the ligament cells of the experimental group and the control group increased significantly, and the experimental group increased by 10 more than the control group. After the fourth day, the proliferation rate of ligament cells increased. By the seventh day, the number of ligament cells increased, reaching 55 in the control group and 68 in the experimental group. In the next few days, the number of ligament cell proliferation in the experimental group and the control group began to decline, while the control group declined even faster, and it dropped to 20 on the 14th day, while the experimental group dropped to 28. Four weeks later, the number of ligament cell proliferation in the experimental group and the control group was basically the same as the normal group. Figure 3 illustrates that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can promote the proliferation and differentiation of ligament cells after ligament injury, so as to promote the healing of ligament injury.Figure 3
Ligament cell proliferation.In this experiment, the state of the cells can be observed under a microscope, and it can be judged that after ligament injury, there will be ligament cell apoptosis. According to Figure4, in the control group, the apoptotic rate of ligament cells continued to rise within four days after injury, reaching a peak on the fourth day, and then the apoptotic rate decreased. It can be seen that when the ligament is damaged, the ligament cells will continue to undergo apoptosis and necrosis. Within a short time after the ligament is injured, a small amount of apoptosis appears in the surface layer of the ligament. In the following two days, this kind of apoptosis begins to move to the middle layer. After days, apoptotic cells are more widely distributed and the damage is more serious. After 14 days, the damage was reduced and the wound began to recover. Four weeks later, the damage was basically healed, and the cells no longer continued to apoptosis. After the experimental group was implanted with the nanofiber scaffold, although the trend was similar to that of the control group, the cell apoptosis rate was much smaller in comparison. On the second day after ligament injury, the apoptosis rate of ligament cells in the experimental group was 5% lower than that of the control group. On the fourth day of the peak apoptosis rate, the experimental group was 50% lower than that of the control group. After 14 days, the experimental group was 50% lower than that of the control group. The control group was 15% lower than that of the control group on the fourth day, and the rate of difference between the two groups began to drop. Figure 4 shows that implanting nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can inhibit ligament cell apoptosis and reduce the rate of ligament cell apoptosis.Figure 4
Comparison of changes in apoptosis rate of ligament cells.The above two figures show that the implantation of nanofiber scaffolds in rabbits can promote the division of ligament cells and inhibit the apoptosis of ligament cells. Promoting cell division can prove that the porous structure of nanofibers can promote cell metabolism, and the relatively large surface area is conducive to cell adhesion, which can promote the proliferation of ligament cells. In addition, nanomaterials can also inhibit cell apoptosis, indicating that nanomaterials have good compatibility with ligament cells, which can avoid immune rejection and reduce complications such as inflammation.


## 5. Conclusions

The degree of differentiation of ligament cells is high; the proliferation is slow in vivo, and it is difficult to self-heal for sports ligament injuries. Therefore, the use of nanomaterials in the treatment of sports ligament injuries has become a current research focus. In this paper, nanofiber scaffolds are implanted in rabbits with sports injuries. By observing the results of H&E staining, flow cytometry, and e-sports scanning, the healing and cell organization of damaged wounds before and after nanofiber scaffolds can be compared. The healing rate of serotonin, as well as the cell growth and proliferation after sports ligament injury and the compatibility of nanofibers with cell tissues can be judged, so as to determine the effect of nanomaterials on sports injury repair and the mutual influence between nanomaterials and cells. The experimental results in this paper show that the porous structure of nanomaterials can promote the metabolism of cell tissues. Since the material has no biological activity, it will not cause immune rejection in the body. The implantation of nanofiber scaffolds has a certain promotional effect on wound healing and improves the healing rate of wounds. According to H&E staining tests, nanomaterials can promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and it can be intuitively observed that nanomaterials such as tissue cells have good compatibility and reduces inflammation caused by motor ligament injury. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoelectronics, nanobiology, nanomaterials science, nanomedicine, and other subdisciplines have been established and developed. What is particularly important is that these disciplines are merging and penetrating into each other. The combination of materials science and biomedicine is more and more close, and various materials with specific functions will be more and more applied to biomedicine. In the next few years, nanoceramics in biomaterials will play a leading role in artificial bones. Inorganic and organic composite nanomaterials with various characteristics will also play an important role in the interventional repair of ligament injury. By pretreating OA chondrocytes with mgf-c24e in vitro, the therapeutic effect of mgf-c24e on the complications of ligament injury was studied. It was found that mgf-c24e could inhibit the spontaneous apoptosis of OA chondrocytes and promote the proliferation, migration, mechanical properties recovery, and extracellular matrix synthesis of OA chondrocytes. It was found that mgf-c24e regulated endoplasmic reticulum stress through endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein perk and inhibited cartilage degradation in the pathogenesis of OA.



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*Source: 1797629-2022-05-04.xml*