# Big Data System for Dragon Boat Rowing Action Training Based on Multidimensional Stereo Vision

Authors: Sun Tao
Journal: Mathematical Problems in Engineering
 (2022)

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## Abstract

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology and the widespread use of sensing technology in education, human-computer interaction teaching has gradually developed in sports and education. Traditionally, teachers explain and demonstrate the fundamentals of movements first, then organize exercises, and students gradually consolidate technical movements through repetition. This process requires teachers to repeatedly explain, such that students can develop movement concepts, and to assist students in correcting their movements through practice. Eventually, students can master the dragon boat’s paddling movements. Teachers frequently struggle to observe all of their students’ movements and are therefore unable to correct them in a timely and effective manner. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a big data system for multidimensional stereo vision training in dragon boat paddling action. The stock price action recognition of dragon boat paddles and the movement of students’ dragon boat paddles are realized through the multidimensional fusion of attention mechanism and spatiotemporal graph convolution. Make judgments to more effectively guide and train students’ paddling movements.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Because of the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, as well as the widespread use of sensing technology, human-computer interaction instruction has increasingly taken shape in sports and education, particularly in the context of educational informatization. When it comes to traditional dragon boat training and teaching, teachers normally begin by explaining and demonstrating the essentials of movements, followed by the organization of exercises, and pupils gradually solidify technical motions via repetition. To complete this procedure, teachers must continually explain so that students may develop movement concepts, then assist students in correcting their actions via repeated practice, until students have mastered the paddling movements of the dragon boat, which takes many months [1–4]. A typical class has only one teacher and 30 to 40 students, with a boat that can hold approximately 24 people. Students must not only practice on the land, but also in the water via boat, in order to be successful. Observing and correcting all of the motions of students while they are training in the water is typically difficult for teachers to do in a timely and effective manner. For the purpose of resolving the aforementioned issues, the self-developed intelligent dragon boat training system can be deployed to assist in the classroom. Students who experience basic challenges throughout the practice phase or who meet problems that they are unable to fix in time while training in the water can benefit from this method if there are not enough coaches available.Today, the smart education model, which is supported by information technologies such as big data analysis and artificial intelligence, has emerged as the most popular trend in the field of education informatization. It can evaluate the behavior of students and teachers in the classroom on its own, using deep learning methods such as action recognition, and then complete intelligent analysis in conjunction with assessment indicators, which is the central component of intelligent teaching [5, 6].Currently available methods combine visual appearance, depth information, optical flow, and even sound to fuse and help in the recognition of actions from many data dimensions in order to investigate the action recognition problem from multiple data dimensions. When compared to visual appearance data, skeletal data provide highly abstract information because they only contain 2D or 3D position data of key joints of the human body, avoiding the interference of environmental noise, such as background clutter, lighting conditions, and clothing, allowing actions to be performed without the need for additional information. The action itself can be focused on by the action recognition algorithm. This is especially true for the strategy of employing the skeleton spatiotemporal graph to explain the mobility of action joints, which works exceptionally well on large-scale human action recognition datasets such as the NTU-RGB + D [7–9].In the field of skeleton-based action recognition, the spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (STGCN) was the first to employ a GCN to model skeleton data, and this was the first time this was done in the literature. Spatiotemporal graphs based on the natural connections of human joints have been developed by certain researchers, and they have proposed a spatiotemporal network model with a GCN layer as the fundamental module. Other researchers presented a dual-stream adaptive GCN that linked the second-order information of bones (the length and orientation of human bones) with the first-order information (coordinates of joints), combining the length and orientation of human bones with the coordinates of joints. When combined with a discrete multiscale aggregation method and a spatiotemporal graph convolution operator termed G3D, MSG3D yields a powerful feature extraction structure with high performance. The Dynamic-GCN introduces a context-encoding network to improve context feature correlation and automatically learn skeleton topology, as well as to improve context feature correlation. After extending the spatial graph convolution to the temporal graph convolution, REGINA achieves the goal of a spatiotemporal unified graph architecture by combining the two convolutions. Improvements should be made in the data. Other researchers have used third-order features to efficiently capture the interaction between joints and body parts, and they have developed a novel progressive multiscale convolution to capture long- and short-term correlations in both the spatial and temporal domains, among other things. Although the method described above employs the spatiotemporal graph convolution design, it will result in four common issues. These are as follows:(1)
The topology of the graph is fixed at all layers, and there is no flexibility in modeling the multilevel semantics included in different layers since the topology of the graph is fixed at all layers.(2)
It is challenging to ensure that the graph structure is optimum for diverse action samples because of the data dependencies in the graph structure.(3)
In order to meet the real-time needs of practical applications, the computational complexity of currently available methods is just too great.(4)
When designing graph convolution kernels, the strategy does not take into account the relationship between the number of kernels and the complexity of the graph structure. As a result, the topology of the network will be too smooth and will not be able to fully capture the distance between distant joints while the learning process is taking place [10–16].If the separable concept is transferred to the architecture of spatiotemporal graph convolution, and multidimensional channel mapping is performed by point-by-point convolution, it is possible to significantly improve the abstract expression ability of the model while simultaneously reducing the number of parameters and the complexity of the computation. On the other hand, the contribution of each feature to the action detection job varies depending on the dimension of the skeleton data, and some features even cause noise. The attention mechanism can be used to increase the performance and stability of a model by focusing on its most significant characteristics [17–23].Based on the findings of the previous research, we introduce the idea of deep separable convolution and multidimensional attention mechanism into spatiotemporal graph convolution in order to assist students in carrying out dragon boat paddling training and correcting their incorrect dragon boat paddling movements. This improves the performance of the skeleton behavior recognition task at the end. Students’ incorrect activities when paddling can be quickly corrected if skeletal behavior is accurately identified and recognized.


## 2. Background

### 2.1. The Dilemma of Inheritance and Development of Dragon Boat Culture

Cultural identity is the acceptance and recognition of a group of people’s proclivity for culture. The same cultural identity is upheld by people who adhere to the same cultural conceptions, obey the same cultural rules, and pursue the same cultural ideals. The collision of multiculturalism has weakened the inherent stability of cultural identity as a result of the changes in society, and people’s original cultural identities are confronting difficulties.The culture of dragon boats has its roots in ancient Chinese history and culture. During the cultural stage of dragon boat racing, people express their adoration for heroes and awe of gods, and they create a common collective memory and culture through unique cultural symbols such as the ritual of praying for rain and harvest, as well as the Dragon Boat Festival. Emotional connection is established first, followed by the formation of a specific cultural community. "Original ecology" is a term used to describe a culture that is closely tied to the natural environment, production methods, and folk customs. Dragon boat culture possesses these traits. It has changed because the social context has changed, because the original ecological cultural environment of dragon boat racing has been broken and separated from the mother, and because the primal religious color contained inside it has progressively faded away. As a result of the rise and development of modern Olympic sports, modern competitive sports have become a mainstream part of sports culture, the competition characteristics of dragon boat sports have been expanded, and dragon boat racing has progressed from traditional folk activities to competitive events. The traditional national cultural connotation used for the sake of competition has been eroded as a result of this. To fulfill the demands of competition, the traditional method of making dragon boats has been abandoned in order to suit the demands of the sport. Eventually, it will go completely. As a result of the numerous consequences of societal change, people’s dragon boat cultural identities are confronted with significant practical difficulties [24, 25].Traditionally, Chinese dragon boat racing is a popular folk sport, and its spiritual significance serves as a showcase for the most profound aspects of Chinese culture and history. The Huaxia clan’s prehistoric totem dragon sacrifice culture gave rise to the traditional dragon boat culture that is still practiced today. During the dragon boat race, the ancestors demonstrated their piety by performing a number of relatively rigid and elaborate ceremonies. Because they are based on beliefs and ideologies, these rituals have a generally constant pattern of performance. The establishment of rituals as a result of dragon boat racing contributes to the development of the cultural significance of dragon boats [26]. It will be impossible to effectively exhibit and explain the original meaning of dragon boat culture if the ceremonies associated with dragon boat activities are simplified, if not completely eliminated altogether.With the progression of time, and under the influence of business interests and value diversification, dragon boat racing has embarked on the road to the dragon boat stage and economic and trade singing, as well as other forms of economic and trade singing. The traditional dragon boat race should be divided into two sections that should be completed in succession, namely rowing the dragon boat and winning the championship. However, the majority of the dragon boat festivities have been reduced to serving primarily as a transitional connection between the ceremony’s beginning and its conclusion. The opening ceremonies, which included weighing the boat and finishing the eyes, were simply replaced by the referee’s gunshots, and the celebratory dragon boat meal, which included delicious roast meat and mellow wine, was simply replaced by a standardized award ceremony, which was held in the same location. Traditional dragon boat races are characterized by the gradual disintegration of the main ceremonies, which represent solemnity, suspense, joy, and other dramatic narratives. As a result, neither the participants nor the audience is able to fully appreciate the connotation of traditional folk culture. The focus on form and light content in dragon boat activities has resulted in a serious underestimation of the significance of dragon boat culture [27–30].


### 2.2. Methods of Physical Training for Dragon Boat Athletes

#### 2.2.1. Strength Training

Strength in the upper body is particularly crucial for dragon boat athletes, and almost every dragon boat athlete possesses exceptional upper body strength. A strong starting paddle at the start of the competition might help the athlete get up to speed faster and gain an advantage in the race, increasing their chances of winning. A greater amount of exertion is required of the dragon boat competitors’ upper limbs during the large-scale pulling stage. The last sprint stage necessitates the development of endurance, particularly in terms of strength endurance. The ability to maintain good strength and endurance is essential for success. Generally speaking, the biceps, triceps, and deltoid are the primary muscular groups that contribute to upper body strength. Supine flat push barbell, rapid push barbell, prone pull barbell, high clean and jerk, lateral raise, neck lift, and other training methods are all possible with the flat push barbell.Strength training for the waist and abdominal muscles is also very vital for dragon boat athletes. Every row of dragon boat athletes necessitates the development of abdominal and waist strength. During the paddle, the twisting of the waist and belly might assist the athlete in transferring and expelling more energy. Kettlebell rotations, weight-bearing back muscles, and weight-bearing abdominal muscles are some of the newer pieces of equipment that are frequently utilized in core strength training of the waist and abdomen during training.The physical fitness requirements for dragon boat sports are extremely high. Body strength is essential in many aspects of life, including upper body strength, lower body strength, and waist and abdominal strength. Due to the lack of lower body strength and the resulting unstable center of gravity, dragon boat sports will be characterized by erratic paddling skills, insufficient force, and the release of force. As a result, it is vital to increase the amount of time spent exercising lower body strength. As the lower body’s strength grows in proportion to its size, the force becomes more sufficient, and hence the work becomes more effective. Leg kicks, prone legs, and other exercises that target the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, and tibialis anterior muscles are effective ways to strengthen the muscles that control the lower limbs. Other exercises that target these muscles include the abdominal jump, weight-bearing squat, squat kettlebell, supine leg kicks, and prone legs.


#### 2.2.2. Endurance Training Method

It is a method of continuous training with low load intensity, extended load time, and unbroken continuous training in order for the body’s motor function to generate stable adaptation under long-term load, and the internal organs to produce adaptive changes and increase their performance. The ability to provide aerobic energy serves as a solid basis for the ability to provide anaerobic energy. For dragon boat competitors, short-term, high-intensity competition necessitates a high level of physical fitness due to the nature of the sport. No less than 5 minutes should be allotted for training purposes. The heart rate should be kept under control around 150 beats per minute. The next training session will be carried out once the heart rate has returned to 130 beats per minute.For athletes in track and field, the Fartlek training approach is an important part of their middle-distance running preparation. In order to undertake variable-speed running training, it is necessary to utilize the natural environment, which is one of the most effective methods of improving physical fitness in dragon boat athletes. When it comes to modifying a single training method, increasing the excitability of an athlete’s training, helping the body withstand a greater amount of exercise, and boosting the athlete’s psychological training are effective.The use of interval training is a vital part of any physical training program. Exercises with stringent constraints on movement structure and load intensity interval time are referred to as interval training. This type of training is used to imitate altitude sickness by allowing the body to undertake the next training when it is not fully recovered from the previous one. It is a type of training that helps athletes improve their endurance. The utilization of interval training for dragon boat athletes can help them improve their endurance quality in both water and land training. Meanwhile, it should draw on and integrate with regular physical training in order to accelerate the improvement of athletes’ endurance quality.


#### 2.2.3. Flexibility and Agility Training

In addition, training in flexibility and agility is essential for dragon boat competitions. When it comes to physical training, flexibility can help dragon boat athletes accomplish numerous technical motions in a more efficient manner. It can also enhance intramuscular coordination and overall body composition. Feel the stimulation and widen the range of your pulling motion. Training in agility can have a higher impact on an athlete’s technical level than other types of training. Athletic athletes with good agility will have a better understanding of sports skills, and they will find it easier to operate specific techniques. Jumping hip rotation, RNF training method, spring-shock pulling, zigzag running, dodge running, backward long leap, deep jump, dragon boat start exercises, and other techniques are used to improve flexibility and agility.


#### 2.2.4. Coordination Training

To swiftly learn and master numerous sports skills, dragon boat athletes must have excellent coordination abilities. They must also have the capacity to master new technologies and adapt to new exercises, which requires a high level of coordination. Strength, flexibility, agility, and psychology are all factors that influence an athlete’s ability to coordinate their movements and mobilize their entire body to exert force during training and competition. Coordination is related to an athlete’s nervous system’s ability to control their muscles, and it determines whether they can integrate whole-body qualities such as strength, flexibility, agility, and psychology, and mobilize their entire body to exert force during training and competition. Coordination plays an important part in the promotion of the growth of sporting excellence.


#### 2.2.5. Speed Training

Due to the fact that dragon boat sports are a physically demanding competitive sport, they also have high criteria for speed, and there are several stages of speed at different phases. The rower’s speed is inextricably linked to the speed of each paddle he or she uses. The faster the paddler’s paddles and the higher the frequency with which they paddle, the faster the dragon boat will accelerate. The importance of speed and strength training should be emphasized during regular training, and land training should be mixed with specialized training. Pay close attention to the speed with which you pull the pulp each time you workout, and combine the pace with slow, loose, and tight pulls as needed. As soon as the pulling pulp is entirely exerted and the returning pulp is fully relaxed, the next pulp can be fully exerted and the speed will increase as the pulling pulp continues to be fully exerted. When it comes to speed training, it should be paired with explosive training and anaerobic training, and different speed training methods should be used at different stages of the training process.


## 2.1. The Dilemma of Inheritance and Development of Dragon Boat Culture

Cultural identity is the acceptance and recognition of a group of people’s proclivity for culture. The same cultural identity is upheld by people who adhere to the same cultural conceptions, obey the same cultural rules, and pursue the same cultural ideals. The collision of multiculturalism has weakened the inherent stability of cultural identity as a result of the changes in society, and people’s original cultural identities are confronting difficulties.The culture of dragon boats has its roots in ancient Chinese history and culture. During the cultural stage of dragon boat racing, people express their adoration for heroes and awe of gods, and they create a common collective memory and culture through unique cultural symbols such as the ritual of praying for rain and harvest, as well as the Dragon Boat Festival. Emotional connection is established first, followed by the formation of a specific cultural community. "Original ecology" is a term used to describe a culture that is closely tied to the natural environment, production methods, and folk customs. Dragon boat culture possesses these traits. It has changed because the social context has changed, because the original ecological cultural environment of dragon boat racing has been broken and separated from the mother, and because the primal religious color contained inside it has progressively faded away. As a result of the rise and development of modern Olympic sports, modern competitive sports have become a mainstream part of sports culture, the competition characteristics of dragon boat sports have been expanded, and dragon boat racing has progressed from traditional folk activities to competitive events. The traditional national cultural connotation used for the sake of competition has been eroded as a result of this. To fulfill the demands of competition, the traditional method of making dragon boats has been abandoned in order to suit the demands of the sport. Eventually, it will go completely. As a result of the numerous consequences of societal change, people’s dragon boat cultural identities are confronted with significant practical difficulties [24, 25].Traditionally, Chinese dragon boat racing is a popular folk sport, and its spiritual significance serves as a showcase for the most profound aspects of Chinese culture and history. The Huaxia clan’s prehistoric totem dragon sacrifice culture gave rise to the traditional dragon boat culture that is still practiced today. During the dragon boat race, the ancestors demonstrated their piety by performing a number of relatively rigid and elaborate ceremonies. Because they are based on beliefs and ideologies, these rituals have a generally constant pattern of performance. The establishment of rituals as a result of dragon boat racing contributes to the development of the cultural significance of dragon boats [26]. It will be impossible to effectively exhibit and explain the original meaning of dragon boat culture if the ceremonies associated with dragon boat activities are simplified, if not completely eliminated altogether.With the progression of time, and under the influence of business interests and value diversification, dragon boat racing has embarked on the road to the dragon boat stage and economic and trade singing, as well as other forms of economic and trade singing. The traditional dragon boat race should be divided into two sections that should be completed in succession, namely rowing the dragon boat and winning the championship. However, the majority of the dragon boat festivities have been reduced to serving primarily as a transitional connection between the ceremony’s beginning and its conclusion. The opening ceremonies, which included weighing the boat and finishing the eyes, were simply replaced by the referee’s gunshots, and the celebratory dragon boat meal, which included delicious roast meat and mellow wine, was simply replaced by a standardized award ceremony, which was held in the same location. Traditional dragon boat races are characterized by the gradual disintegration of the main ceremonies, which represent solemnity, suspense, joy, and other dramatic narratives. As a result, neither the participants nor the audience is able to fully appreciate the connotation of traditional folk culture. The focus on form and light content in dragon boat activities has resulted in a serious underestimation of the significance of dragon boat culture [27–30].


## 2.2. Methods of Physical Training for Dragon Boat Athletes

### 2.2.1. Strength Training

Strength in the upper body is particularly crucial for dragon boat athletes, and almost every dragon boat athlete possesses exceptional upper body strength. A strong starting paddle at the start of the competition might help the athlete get up to speed faster and gain an advantage in the race, increasing their chances of winning. A greater amount of exertion is required of the dragon boat competitors’ upper limbs during the large-scale pulling stage. The last sprint stage necessitates the development of endurance, particularly in terms of strength endurance. The ability to maintain good strength and endurance is essential for success. Generally speaking, the biceps, triceps, and deltoid are the primary muscular groups that contribute to upper body strength. Supine flat push barbell, rapid push barbell, prone pull barbell, high clean and jerk, lateral raise, neck lift, and other training methods are all possible with the flat push barbell.Strength training for the waist and abdominal muscles is also very vital for dragon boat athletes. Every row of dragon boat athletes necessitates the development of abdominal and waist strength. During the paddle, the twisting of the waist and belly might assist the athlete in transferring and expelling more energy. Kettlebell rotations, weight-bearing back muscles, and weight-bearing abdominal muscles are some of the newer pieces of equipment that are frequently utilized in core strength training of the waist and abdomen during training.The physical fitness requirements for dragon boat sports are extremely high. Body strength is essential in many aspects of life, including upper body strength, lower body strength, and waist and abdominal strength. Due to the lack of lower body strength and the resulting unstable center of gravity, dragon boat sports will be characterized by erratic paddling skills, insufficient force, and the release of force. As a result, it is vital to increase the amount of time spent exercising lower body strength. As the lower body’s strength grows in proportion to its size, the force becomes more sufficient, and hence the work becomes more effective. Leg kicks, prone legs, and other exercises that target the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, and tibialis anterior muscles are effective ways to strengthen the muscles that control the lower limbs. Other exercises that target these muscles include the abdominal jump, weight-bearing squat, squat kettlebell, supine leg kicks, and prone legs.


### 2.2.2. Endurance Training Method

It is a method of continuous training with low load intensity, extended load time, and unbroken continuous training in order for the body’s motor function to generate stable adaptation under long-term load, and the internal organs to produce adaptive changes and increase their performance. The ability to provide aerobic energy serves as a solid basis for the ability to provide anaerobic energy. For dragon boat competitors, short-term, high-intensity competition necessitates a high level of physical fitness due to the nature of the sport. No less than 5 minutes should be allotted for training purposes. The heart rate should be kept under control around 150 beats per minute. The next training session will be carried out once the heart rate has returned to 130 beats per minute.For athletes in track and field, the Fartlek training approach is an important part of their middle-distance running preparation. In order to undertake variable-speed running training, it is necessary to utilize the natural environment, which is one of the most effective methods of improving physical fitness in dragon boat athletes. When it comes to modifying a single training method, increasing the excitability of an athlete’s training, helping the body withstand a greater amount of exercise, and boosting the athlete’s psychological training are effective.The use of interval training is a vital part of any physical training program. Exercises with stringent constraints on movement structure and load intensity interval time are referred to as interval training. This type of training is used to imitate altitude sickness by allowing the body to undertake the next training when it is not fully recovered from the previous one. It is a type of training that helps athletes improve their endurance. The utilization of interval training for dragon boat athletes can help them improve their endurance quality in both water and land training. Meanwhile, it should draw on and integrate with regular physical training in order to accelerate the improvement of athletes’ endurance quality.


### 2.2.3. Flexibility and Agility Training

In addition, training in flexibility and agility is essential for dragon boat competitions. When it comes to physical training, flexibility can help dragon boat athletes accomplish numerous technical motions in a more efficient manner. It can also enhance intramuscular coordination and overall body composition. Feel the stimulation and widen the range of your pulling motion. Training in agility can have a higher impact on an athlete’s technical level than other types of training. Athletic athletes with good agility will have a better understanding of sports skills, and they will find it easier to operate specific techniques. Jumping hip rotation, RNF training method, spring-shock pulling, zigzag running, dodge running, backward long leap, deep jump, dragon boat start exercises, and other techniques are used to improve flexibility and agility.


### 2.2.4. Coordination Training

To swiftly learn and master numerous sports skills, dragon boat athletes must have excellent coordination abilities. They must also have the capacity to master new technologies and adapt to new exercises, which requires a high level of coordination. Strength, flexibility, agility, and psychology are all factors that influence an athlete’s ability to coordinate their movements and mobilize their entire body to exert force during training and competition. Coordination is related to an athlete’s nervous system’s ability to control their muscles, and it determines whether they can integrate whole-body qualities such as strength, flexibility, agility, and psychology, and mobilize their entire body to exert force during training and competition. Coordination plays an important part in the promotion of the growth of sporting excellence.


### 2.2.5. Speed Training

Due to the fact that dragon boat sports are a physically demanding competitive sport, they also have high criteria for speed, and there are several stages of speed at different phases. The rower’s speed is inextricably linked to the speed of each paddle he or she uses. The faster the paddler’s paddles and the higher the frequency with which they paddle, the faster the dragon boat will accelerate. The importance of speed and strength training should be emphasized during regular training, and land training should be mixed with specialized training. Pay close attention to the speed with which you pull the pulp each time you workout, and combine the pace with slow, loose, and tight pulls as needed. As soon as the pulling pulp is entirely exerted and the returning pulp is fully relaxed, the next pulp can be fully exerted and the speed will increase as the pulling pulp continues to be fully exerted. When it comes to speed training, it should be paired with explosive training and anaerobic training, and different speed training methods should be used at different stages of the training process.


## 2.2.1. Strength Training

Strength in the upper body is particularly crucial for dragon boat athletes, and almost every dragon boat athlete possesses exceptional upper body strength. A strong starting paddle at the start of the competition might help the athlete get up to speed faster and gain an advantage in the race, increasing their chances of winning. A greater amount of exertion is required of the dragon boat competitors’ upper limbs during the large-scale pulling stage. The last sprint stage necessitates the development of endurance, particularly in terms of strength endurance. The ability to maintain good strength and endurance is essential for success. Generally speaking, the biceps, triceps, and deltoid are the primary muscular groups that contribute to upper body strength. Supine flat push barbell, rapid push barbell, prone pull barbell, high clean and jerk, lateral raise, neck lift, and other training methods are all possible with the flat push barbell.Strength training for the waist and abdominal muscles is also very vital for dragon boat athletes. Every row of dragon boat athletes necessitates the development of abdominal and waist strength. During the paddle, the twisting of the waist and belly might assist the athlete in transferring and expelling more energy. Kettlebell rotations, weight-bearing back muscles, and weight-bearing abdominal muscles are some of the newer pieces of equipment that are frequently utilized in core strength training of the waist and abdomen during training.The physical fitness requirements for dragon boat sports are extremely high. Body strength is essential in many aspects of life, including upper body strength, lower body strength, and waist and abdominal strength. Due to the lack of lower body strength and the resulting unstable center of gravity, dragon boat sports will be characterized by erratic paddling skills, insufficient force, and the release of force. As a result, it is vital to increase the amount of time spent exercising lower body strength. As the lower body’s strength grows in proportion to its size, the force becomes more sufficient, and hence the work becomes more effective. Leg kicks, prone legs, and other exercises that target the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, and tibialis anterior muscles are effective ways to strengthen the muscles that control the lower limbs. Other exercises that target these muscles include the abdominal jump, weight-bearing squat, squat kettlebell, supine leg kicks, and prone legs.


## 2.2.2. Endurance Training Method

It is a method of continuous training with low load intensity, extended load time, and unbroken continuous training in order for the body’s motor function to generate stable adaptation under long-term load, and the internal organs to produce adaptive changes and increase their performance. The ability to provide aerobic energy serves as a solid basis for the ability to provide anaerobic energy. For dragon boat competitors, short-term, high-intensity competition necessitates a high level of physical fitness due to the nature of the sport. No less than 5 minutes should be allotted for training purposes. The heart rate should be kept under control around 150 beats per minute. The next training session will be carried out once the heart rate has returned to 130 beats per minute.For athletes in track and field, the Fartlek training approach is an important part of their middle-distance running preparation. In order to undertake variable-speed running training, it is necessary to utilize the natural environment, which is one of the most effective methods of improving physical fitness in dragon boat athletes. When it comes to modifying a single training method, increasing the excitability of an athlete’s training, helping the body withstand a greater amount of exercise, and boosting the athlete’s psychological training are effective.The use of interval training is a vital part of any physical training program. Exercises with stringent constraints on movement structure and load intensity interval time are referred to as interval training. This type of training is used to imitate altitude sickness by allowing the body to undertake the next training when it is not fully recovered from the previous one. It is a type of training that helps athletes improve their endurance. The utilization of interval training for dragon boat athletes can help them improve their endurance quality in both water and land training. Meanwhile, it should draw on and integrate with regular physical training in order to accelerate the improvement of athletes’ endurance quality.


## 2.2.3. Flexibility and Agility Training

In addition, training in flexibility and agility is essential for dragon boat competitions. When it comes to physical training, flexibility can help dragon boat athletes accomplish numerous technical motions in a more efficient manner. It can also enhance intramuscular coordination and overall body composition. Feel the stimulation and widen the range of your pulling motion. Training in agility can have a higher impact on an athlete’s technical level than other types of training. Athletic athletes with good agility will have a better understanding of sports skills, and they will find it easier to operate specific techniques. Jumping hip rotation, RNF training method, spring-shock pulling, zigzag running, dodge running, backward long leap, deep jump, dragon boat start exercises, and other techniques are used to improve flexibility and agility.


## 2.2.4. Coordination Training

To swiftly learn and master numerous sports skills, dragon boat athletes must have excellent coordination abilities. They must also have the capacity to master new technologies and adapt to new exercises, which requires a high level of coordination. Strength, flexibility, agility, and psychology are all factors that influence an athlete’s ability to coordinate their movements and mobilize their entire body to exert force during training and competition. Coordination is related to an athlete’s nervous system’s ability to control their muscles, and it determines whether they can integrate whole-body qualities such as strength, flexibility, agility, and psychology, and mobilize their entire body to exert force during training and competition. Coordination plays an important part in the promotion of the growth of sporting excellence.


## 2.2.5. Speed Training

Due to the fact that dragon boat sports are a physically demanding competitive sport, they also have high criteria for speed, and there are several stages of speed at different phases. The rower’s speed is inextricably linked to the speed of each paddle he or she uses. The faster the paddler’s paddles and the higher the frequency with which they paddle, the faster the dragon boat will accelerate. The importance of speed and strength training should be emphasized during regular training, and land training should be mixed with specialized training. Pay close attention to the speed with which you pull the pulp each time you workout, and combine the pace with slow, loose, and tight pulls as needed. As soon as the pulling pulp is entirely exerted and the returning pulp is fully relaxed, the next pulp can be fully exerted and the speed will increase as the pulling pulp continues to be fully exerted. When it comes to speed training, it should be paired with explosive training and anaerobic training, and different speed training methods should be used at different stages of the training process.


## 3. Method

### 3.1. GCN

The spectral convolution on the graph can be defined as the product of the signalx∈RN and the filter gθ=diagθ∈RN in the Fourier domain, as shown in the equation:(1)gθ⋅x=σUgθ∧UTx,where U is the eigenvector matrix of the normalized graph Laplace equation L, the elements on the diagonal are the degrees of each node in the graph, ∧ is the eigenvalue diagonal matrix, UTx is the graph of the Fourier transform of x, gθ∧ is the feature vector function of L, and x is the feature vector corresponding to each vertex on the graph.(2)gθ∧=∑0k−1βkTk∧,where Tk∧ is a Chebyshev polynomial of order and βk is a parameter that is iteratively updated during training. The update feature of the i-th node in the spectral graph convolution is calculated by(3)Xl+1=σ∧−1/2A∧−1/2XlWl,where A represents the adjacency matrix of the graph and ∧−1/2 is the degree matrix of A.


### 3.2. ST-GCN

The ST-GCN model first models the human skeleton sequence as a spatial graph, with joint points serving as vertices and bones serving as edges, and then connects the same joints in two adjacent frames to form a spatial-temporal graph, which is then connected to another adjacent frame to form a spatial-temporal graph. According to the partitioning approach, each node and its neighbors are classified into one of three classes in the ST-GCN network. To be more specific, each node and its adjacent nodes form a neighbor set, with the central node being referred to as the root node, and the partition strategy divides the neighbor set into three subsets, namely the root node itself, the centripetal group, and the centrifugal group. The adjacency matrix of the graph is also divided into three pieces, which are denoted by the lettersA1, A2, and A3. Using the adjacency matrix, which is formed by merging the three matrices, the final spatial characteristic of the action is produced.(4)Xl+1=σ∑j=13∧j−1/2Aj∧j−1/2XlWjl.


### 3.3. The Proposed Method

The skeleton graph of the human body is defined asG=V,E where V represents the node set of N joints and E represents the skeleton set of edges, in the symmetric adjacency matrix A∈RN×N. If vi and vj joints are directly connected by the skeleton, then Ai,j=1; otherwise, Ai,j=0. The graph sequence feature is represented as X=xt,n∈Rc, and the feature tensor can be expressed as X∈RT×N×C, where xt,n represents the total T frame node vn at time t.It is shown in Figure1 that the graph convolutional network structure described in this paper, which is based on separation and attention mechanisms, has nine groups of graph convolutional layers and is based on separation and attention mechanisms. Action features can be further subdivided into two categories: spatial features and temporal features. Spatial features are those that occur in a specific location. The graph convolution portion of the algorithm is responsible for performing the spatial feature extraction function. Firstly, a temporal convolution is applied to extract temporal features, and then each graph convolution as well as the temporal features are used in conjunction with the extracted temporal features. The product is a critical component of the network’s overall design and architecture. In order to form the final network, each of the nine basic modules must be stacked on top of the others, with the basic modules consisting primarily of the separable self-attention graph reconfiguration, the temporal convolution, and the attention module, which is in charge of implementing spatial convolution. The basic modules B1 through B9 are represented by the letters B1 through B9, and the global average pooling layer (GAP) is represented by the letters GAP. The channel attention mechanism and the self-attention adjacency matrix method are both included in the SC-Attention algorithm, whereas the TC-Attention algorithm only includes the temporal channel fusion attention module. It should also be noted that the algorithms represented by the two algorithms are distinct in their specifics. In addition, the network structure of the previous work is complex, and we use the ST-GCN and channel attention modules, which can reduce network complexity.Figure 1
Framework of our method.To begin with, the spatial domain element of the separable approach for spatial graphs is analogous to Depthwise Separable Convolution (DSC), in that it consists of point-wise convolution (PC) and channel-wise convolution (CWC), respectively (DC). To perform a convolution operation to translate low-dimensional information into a high-dimensional space, a 1-1 filter that is several times larger than the input channel itself is introduced into the equation. Given how easily the complexity of the original input information can interfere with model stability as well as classification accuracy, we further adopt the channel attention module to strengthen the channels that are closely related to the recognition task and suppress the channels that are not related to the recognition task in order to improve the antinoise performance and robustness of this model.The channel attention module is implemented in two stages: dimensional compression and local cross-channel interaction. Dimension compression is the first stage of the implementation process. Multidimensional information is compressed into the channel representation dimension at the dimension compression step, which is accomplished through the use of global average pooling. The following is the procedure for channel dimension compression:(5)hC=1T×V∑i=1T∑j=1VfinCi,j.The local cross-channel is as follows:(6)ZC=σδW1×1hC.Then correct the input data by equation:(7)f˜inC=ZC⊗finC.Further, we introduce a self-attention mechanism, and the updated formula is as follows:(8)AV=SquC,TTransV,T,CfinT⊗SquC,TTransV,T,Cfin,A′=A⊕softmaxAV,finl+1=conv1×1σ∑i=13∧i−12∧i′∧i−12finlWil+conv1×1finl.


## 3.1. GCN

The spectral convolution on the graph can be defined as the product of the signalx∈RN and the filter gθ=diagθ∈RN in the Fourier domain, as shown in the equation:(1)gθ⋅x=σUgθ∧UTx,where U is the eigenvector matrix of the normalized graph Laplace equation L, the elements on the diagonal are the degrees of each node in the graph, ∧ is the eigenvalue diagonal matrix, UTx is the graph of the Fourier transform of x, gθ∧ is the feature vector function of L, and x is the feature vector corresponding to each vertex on the graph.(2)gθ∧=∑0k−1βkTk∧,where Tk∧ is a Chebyshev polynomial of order and βk is a parameter that is iteratively updated during training. The update feature of the i-th node in the spectral graph convolution is calculated by(3)Xl+1=σ∧−1/2A∧−1/2XlWl,where A represents the adjacency matrix of the graph and ∧−1/2 is the degree matrix of A.


## 3.2. ST-GCN

The ST-GCN model first models the human skeleton sequence as a spatial graph, with joint points serving as vertices and bones serving as edges, and then connects the same joints in two adjacent frames to form a spatial-temporal graph, which is then connected to another adjacent frame to form a spatial-temporal graph. According to the partitioning approach, each node and its neighbors are classified into one of three classes in the ST-GCN network. To be more specific, each node and its adjacent nodes form a neighbor set, with the central node being referred to as the root node, and the partition strategy divides the neighbor set into three subsets, namely the root node itself, the centripetal group, and the centrifugal group. The adjacency matrix of the graph is also divided into three pieces, which are denoted by the lettersA1, A2, and A3. Using the adjacency matrix, which is formed by merging the three matrices, the final spatial characteristic of the action is produced.(4)Xl+1=σ∑j=13∧j−1/2Aj∧j−1/2XlWjl.


## 3.3. The Proposed Method

The skeleton graph of the human body is defined asG=V,E where V represents the node set of N joints and E represents the skeleton set of edges, in the symmetric adjacency matrix A∈RN×N. If vi and vj joints are directly connected by the skeleton, then Ai,j=1; otherwise, Ai,j=0. The graph sequence feature is represented as X=xt,n∈Rc, and the feature tensor can be expressed as X∈RT×N×C, where xt,n represents the total T frame node vn at time t.It is shown in Figure1 that the graph convolutional network structure described in this paper, which is based on separation and attention mechanisms, has nine groups of graph convolutional layers and is based on separation and attention mechanisms. Action features can be further subdivided into two categories: spatial features and temporal features. Spatial features are those that occur in a specific location. The graph convolution portion of the algorithm is responsible for performing the spatial feature extraction function. Firstly, a temporal convolution is applied to extract temporal features, and then each graph convolution as well as the temporal features are used in conjunction with the extracted temporal features. The product is a critical component of the network’s overall design and architecture. In order to form the final network, each of the nine basic modules must be stacked on top of the others, with the basic modules consisting primarily of the separable self-attention graph reconfiguration, the temporal convolution, and the attention module, which is in charge of implementing spatial convolution. The basic modules B1 through B9 are represented by the letters B1 through B9, and the global average pooling layer (GAP) is represented by the letters GAP. The channel attention mechanism and the self-attention adjacency matrix method are both included in the SC-Attention algorithm, whereas the TC-Attention algorithm only includes the temporal channel fusion attention module. It should also be noted that the algorithms represented by the two algorithms are distinct in their specifics. In addition, the network structure of the previous work is complex, and we use the ST-GCN and channel attention modules, which can reduce network complexity.Figure 1
Framework of our method.To begin with, the spatial domain element of the separable approach for spatial graphs is analogous to Depthwise Separable Convolution (DSC), in that it consists of point-wise convolution (PC) and channel-wise convolution (CWC), respectively (DC). To perform a convolution operation to translate low-dimensional information into a high-dimensional space, a 1-1 filter that is several times larger than the input channel itself is introduced into the equation. Given how easily the complexity of the original input information can interfere with model stability as well as classification accuracy, we further adopt the channel attention module to strengthen the channels that are closely related to the recognition task and suppress the channels that are not related to the recognition task in order to improve the antinoise performance and robustness of this model.The channel attention module is implemented in two stages: dimensional compression and local cross-channel interaction. Dimension compression is the first stage of the implementation process. Multidimensional information is compressed into the channel representation dimension at the dimension compression step, which is accomplished through the use of global average pooling. The following is the procedure for channel dimension compression:(5)hC=1T×V∑i=1T∑j=1VfinCi,j.The local cross-channel is as follows:(6)ZC=σδW1×1hC.Then correct the input data by equation:(7)f˜inC=ZC⊗finC.Further, we introduce a self-attention mechanism, and the updated formula is as follows:(8)AV=SquC,TTransV,T,CfinT⊗SquC,TTransV,T,Cfin,A′=A⊕softmaxAV,finl+1=conv1×1σ∑i=13∧i−12∧i′∧i−12finlWil+conv1×1finl.


## 4. Results

Specifically, this paper collects data from rowing photographs taken by a university dragon boat coach and divides it into two sets: a training set and a validation set, with the latter being used to test the effectiveness of the method presented in this paper. Specifically, we recorded videos of professional athletes rowing dragon boats through high-definition cameras, divided the videos into each frame, and then annotated the pictures of each frame to find the human skeleton structure. When used as the backbone network, the ST-GCN replaces the spatial convolution layer with a depth-wise separable graph convolution layer that is based on self-attention. The channels are dilated by three times the original input, and six sets of parameterized adjacency matrices are used for each graph with the self-attention layer. It is necessary to pay close attention in order to collect the input for the final network adjacency matrix. Training the model is accomplished through the use of the SGD algorithm; the number of training epochs is 60, and the initial learning rate is 0.01. In the 30th and 50th epochs, the learning rate is reduced to a tenth of the current rate of learning. It has been determined that the batch-size and weight decay should be 64 and 0.001, respectively.The performance of our model on the dragon boat paddling dataset is evaluated in comparison to the performance of other skeletal action recognition-based models, which are depicted in Figures2 and 3. From this comparison, it can be shown that the algorithm described in this work has the best performance overall.Figure 2
Comparison results on the training set.Figure 3
Comparison results on the testing set.In addition, we investigated the rate at which linked movements of dragon boat paddling were recognized. The results of the tests are depicted in Figure4. As can be shown, the recognition accuracy rate for the majority of actions exceeded 90 percent in most instances. The greater the range of movement, the less difficult it is to precisely identify the object.Figure 4
Recognition rate of related actions of dragon boat paddling.We also compared the amount of parameters (P) of different methods. The smaller the P, the better the effect of the method. The comparison results are shown in Figure5.Figure 5
Comparison of parameters of different methods.


## 5. Conclusion

Because of the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, as well as the widespread use of sensing technology, human-computer interaction instruction has increasingly taken shape in sports and education, particularly in the context of educational informatization. When it comes to traditional dragon boat training and teaching, teachers normally begin by explaining and demonstrating the essentials of movements, followed by the organization of exercises, and pupils gradually solidify technical motions via repetition. This approach necessitates teachers continually explaining so that students may develop movement concepts, assisting students in correcting their mistakes via repeated practice, and lastly helping students master the paddling movements of the dragon boat. Teachers typically find it difficult to keep track of all of their students’ movements, and they are unable to correct them in a timely and effective manner. This research is built on a big data system of multidimensional stereo vision for dragon boat paddling action training in order to tackle the challenges mentioned above. Using a multidimensional fusion of the attention mechanism and spatiotemporal graph convolution, it is possible to recognize the stock price action of a dragon boat paddle and to recognize the movement of students’ dragon boat paddle. Make judgments to more effectively guide and train pupils’ paddling movements in the water.



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*Source: 1594741-2022-05-18.xml*