# Real-Time Modulation of Physical Training Intensity Based on Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Networks

Authors: Wenzhou Fang; Lili Wang; Xinxin Liao; Miao Tan
Journal: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
 (2022)

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## Abstract

In this study, a wavelet recurrent fuzzy neural network is used to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the real-time regulation of physical training intensity. Firstly, an inter-process control technique is proposed to solve the problem of incomplete control flow graph construction caused by the inability to effectively collect all program control flow information in the process of static analysis, in preparation for the research of fuzzy testing technique. Next, a wavelet recursive fuzzy neural network-guided fuzzy testing technique is proposed to solve the problem of fuzzy tests falling into invalid variation due to the lack of directionality in the fuzzy testing process. Each neuron in the feedforward network is divided into different groups according to the order of receiving information. Each group can be regarded as a neural layer. The neurons in each layer receive the output of the neurons in the previous layer and output to the neurons in the next layer. The empirical data show that injury-preventive fitness training can effectively improve all physical qualities in the first phase of preparation and can effectively maintain the physical state and effectively contribute to their abilities during the competition period, and its injury-preventive fitness training interventions were verified by statistical analysis to have a dangerous main effect on their pre and post-test performance. Therefore, it is still not possible to determine its correlation with the coordination and improvement of the athletes’ physical fitness, and the integration of the basic physical training and rehabilitation physical training systems, making this theory a new special training theory.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Physical fitness is based on the energy metabolic activities of the three major energy supply systems of the human body and is an important component of athletes’ competitive ability, as expressed through the skeletal muscle system. Physical fitness training is one of the main ways to improve the athletes’ special athletic ability and special performance. With the continuous updating of world records in competitive sports, the important role of physical training is becoming increasingly significant. Based on the data model of each training stage, the stage goal is set and the training goal is “digitized.” The data analysis and feedback method is then used to represent and evaluate the achievement of the athletes’ goals at each stage of training, and if the desired numerical goals are not achieved, the reasons for this are sought and adjustments are made until the goals are achieved [1]. Sports injuries are a topic that every athlete faces and are the most likely to occur during training and competition. The factors that occur are related to the athlete’s type of sport, technique, and tactics, basic physical athletic ability, training and game facility environment, and psychological factors. Basketball is also one of the sports with a high injury rate due to high-intensity confrontation and high-speed rushing, under excessive use of joints muscles and ligaments [2]. Modern basketball is very powerful in terms of physical collision and confrontation, so the risk of injury to athletes during training and competition increases. The nuisance of injuries throughout different intensity levels of basketball has been a pressing issue. It is the only interface between genetic algorithm and specific application problems and is the only basis for natural selection. The genetic operations that change the internal structure of the population are all controlled by the evaluation function. Many types of evaluation functions can be used in genetic algorithms, but they should satisfy the following condition: the function values are partially ordered. From studies and reports, it has been found that common acute injuries among basketball players include bruises, contusions, fractures, joint sprains, and muscle strains. The incidence of sports injuries is as high as 71.1%. Sports injuries not only hurt the physical and mental health of individual athletes but also affect their competitive level and restrict the development of the whole team, forming a vicious circle [3].Injury prevention physical training is a combination of rehabilitation physical training, basic physical training, special physical training, and special technical and tactical needs together to form ways and methods, applied to athletes in different special physical training sports, injury, and functional state supervision to reduce the risk of damage and injury of athletes in the competitive state. It combines the functions of physical training and rehabilitation training [4]. Physical training as an intervention is supported by knowledge of rehabilitation medicine to ensure physical fitness for daily training. The main purpose is to improve and develop the quality of training by providing a basis for recovery training after an athlete’s injury and by combining it with an injury prevention-based training philosophy.Therefore, the inter-test path feedback is needed to use the insert pile technique to use the algorithm to guide the sample variation at the right time to achieve the predefined fuzzy test effect. The stubbing technique is carried out by adding a portion of code to the front of each basic block of the program, which gets executed during the execution of the program [5]. The purpose of this study is to investigate the digital control of physical training of athletes. By creating a relevant physical training monitoring and evaluation system, thus representing the entire training process of the athlete with data. This includes the development of the plan, the statistics of the training data, the evaluation of the stage training effect, and the feedback of the stage training effect. During training, the activation function saturates due to the excessive adjustment of the weights, so that the adjustment of the network weights almost stagnates. To avoid this situation, one is to choose a smaller initial weight, and the other is to use a smaller learning rate. The BP algorithm can make the network weights converge to a final solution, but it cannot guarantee the global optimal solution of the error hyperplane, or it may be a local minimum. The digital control is truly achieved so that the athletes’ fitness level develops in the expected direction, which in turn provides a digital basis for athletes’ fitness training and makes a slight contribution to promoting the development of the sport.In the second part of this study, the existing research is analysed and explained and the shortcomings of the existing research are presented. In the third part of this study, we focus on the design of wavelet recursive fuzzy neural network algorithm and the real-time regulation system of physical training intensity. In the fourth part, we provide a detailed analysis of the neural network algorithm and the performance results of the system. In the last part of this study, we summarize and explain the results of this study.


## 2. Related Works

The influencing factors and implementation effects are comprehensively analyzed. The training process is arranged in slightly different proportions, with the barbell training method as the main body and comprehensive equipment as the auxiliary training. The method of administration required for basketball-specific strength is experimentally corrected, verified that a variety of combined training methods can reduce the excessive fatigue and sports injuries of basketball players [6]. It was pointed out that their characteristics and the choice of basketball training intensity methods must be compatible with each other. The development of basic and special strength training is directed towards training in centrifugal and centripetal, positive, and negative forces, static to dynamic balance, power chains, and responsiveness, and the generation of power differs from the traditional speed and explosive power in muscle power, which is produced by neuromodulation of attack energy [7]. It introduces the concept of strength quality, illustration of body strength training in different parts, classification and description of characteristics according to body position and movement characteristics, intensity division, and flexibility training principles and methods to develop a good basis for training methods and overall training rules, which can be used as a basis and direction for the promotion of special strength of each sport; there are overall strength training methods according to the body power chain and training patterns [8]. With the rehabilitation and injury prevention training, we hope to prevent the incidence of sports injuries and have the effect of postinjury rehabilitation [9].Athletic training is a scientific and theoretical system of great complexity consisting of multiple disciplines and the cross-organization of multiple training theories and training methods guided by the corresponding theories [10]. This object maintains the trend of motion in its direction of motion. The mechanical motion of the object does not occur in isolation, it interacts with the surrounding objects, and this interaction is manifested as the mechanical motion of the moving object and the surrounding objects in the transfer process. Momentum is a physical quantity that measures mechanical motion from the perspective of mechanical motion transmission. The overall system of physical training must analyse evaluating the actual situation. The overall planning, implementation, operation of the training cycle, body load monitoring, nutrition and rehabilitation, injury prevention and fatigue recovery, and evaluation and monitoring of training are composed of seven components, which are different subsystems [11]. The assessment of explosive power and speed qualities refers to the ability of the athlete to reach the fastest speed shown in the shortest possible time with and without changing the direction of travel, and the athlete is tested based on maximum heart rate and respiratory rate for an appropriate period; the assessment of agility qualities refers to the athlete’s ability to decelerate to 0 and accelerate again during a change in direction of travel [12].The motion of a sliding mode variable structure control can be divided into two processes, namely, converging mode and sliding mode. First, the control force will make the system state converge to the sliding mode surface motion before the system does not move to the sliding mode surface, and when the system reaches the sliding mode surface, the control law on the sliding mode surface is determined by the selected sliding mode surface and is no longer affected by external disturbances, which can ensure the stable operation of the system [13].


### 2.1. Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Network Physical Training Intensity Real-Time Modulation Analysis

#### 2.1.1. Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm Design

Neural network control is an artificial intelligence system that emulates the human thought process; however, the initial neurons in neural networks had only two states, on and off, which could not reflect the highly nonlinear characteristics of the actual neurons [14]. As researchers in various fields at home and abroad successively invested in research, it created the rise of artificial intelligence control methods.The input signalx1,x2,…,xn to the basic structure of a neuron is the input signal from other neurons to this neuron. The signal path is like that of the input nerve on the actual neuron structure, that is, the dendrites, which transmit and receive information from other nerve cells. The input signal to the artificial neuron is adjusted by connection weights w1,w2,…,wn, which can be positive or negative, with positive connection weights indicating growth and negative connection weights indicating negative inhibition. Aiming at this problem, a method is proposed to minimize the conflict between the convergence speed and the steady-state error by introducing the momentum term and optimizing the momentum factor. The algorithm reduces the cost function of nonlinear principal component analysis the fastest through the optimized momentum term, so that the convergence speed of the algorithm is accelerated. After the input signals weighted by the connection weights are all summer, the excitation function on the artificial neuron is nonlinearly transformed to obtain a new output signal, which is then communicated to the other neurons of the system, and its function is equivalent to the nucleus of a nerve cell on the actual neuron structure:(1)netj=∑i=1nwji2xi+bij,yj=fnetj+bj,where wji2 shows the value of the connection weight of the i-th input to the j-th neuron, bj denotes the bias of the j-th neuron, fnetj is the nonlinear excitation function of the neuron and converts the sum of the product weights at the input to the value at the output. A single neuron can process and learn data if multiple artificial neurons can be combined into a complete neural network after some proper arrangement. The number of layers of the designed neural network can be decided according to the complexity of the problem to be solved, the classification of neural networks in terms of the number of layers can be broadly classified as single-layer neural networks and multi-layer neural networks, and its structure is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Wavelet recurrent type neural network.As the neural network can learn online, the fuzzy system has the characteristics of logical description and judgment, wavelet processing can analyse time-varying signals, and the recursive structure gives the system better dynamic characteristics [15]. The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network is structurally divided into a total of five layers, with three implicit layers, namely, the affiliation function layer, the rule layer, and the recursive wavelet function layer. The neural network controller combines the neural network with fuzzy logic, wavelet processing, and recursive structure to improve its processing capability and accuracy and to solve the shortcomings of static mapping. The transfer relationship between each layer will be explained next.Both neuron nodes in this layer are input nodes, which are equivalent to the input variables. The error of the H-type motion platform includes the position synchronization error of the two axes and the speed synchronization error of the two axes. The linear transformation relationship between the input and output of the neurons in this layer can be expressed as follows:(2)netj1N=xi2,yj1N=netj1N,j=1,2,where xi2 is the input signal of the input layer, and the input variables are the position synchronization error and velocity synchronization error x11=ey1+ey2, ey1 and the ey2 position tracking error of the Y1 and Y2 linear motors, respectively; yj1N is the output signal of the input layer; N is the number of samples.(3)yj2N=fj2expnetj2NN,j=1,2,…,6.The output of each neuron in the input layer corresponds to 3 neurons in the affiliation function layer, the nonlinear transformation in the affiliation function layer uses Gaussian function, and this transformation method incorporates the fuzzy logic inference method so that the inductive performance of the network is improved. The mutation direction is provided for the sample mutation; then the neural network is used to build a program flow flattening model, the branch logic of the program is simulated smoothly, and a more effective mutation position is obtained through gradient calculation. Here,xi2N=yi2N is the output of the input layer; mj is the mean of the Gaussian function of the affiliation function layer; σj is the standard deviation of the Gaussian function of the affiliation function layer; yi2N is the output of the neurons of the affiliation function layer. This layer contains wavelet function operations, recursive operations, and the posterior part of fuzzy logic rules. The output of the wavelet function is ψk, denoted as follows:(4)ϕikxi1=1bik1+xi1−aik2bik2exp1−xi1−aik222bik2,ψk=∑iwik2ϕikxi1.where is the i-th wavelet function in the k-th neuron of ϕik this layer; ψk is the output of the k-th wavelet function; xi1 is the connection weight of the wavelet function; aik and bik are the translation factor and scaling factor of the wavelet function, respectively. From Figure 2, we can see the relationship between different translation factors and scaling factors on the input and output of wavelet functions.Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the wavelet function.The gradient descent method, also known as the error backpropagation algorithm, is a basic learning algorithm in the regulation process of neural network systems. The computational process of the gradient descent method is to solve for the minimum value along the direction of the decreasing gradient or the maximum value along the direction of the increasing gradient and to adjust the parameters in the neural network in a feedback manner so that the system error gradually approaches the minimum value. The energy functionV is first defined as follows:(5)V=14e2.The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network with parameter learning updates the iterative algorithm in the output layer with the error term, as shown in the following equation:(6)δo5=∂V∂e∂e∂yo5.The algorithm first establishes the most ideal access network and the least ideal access network. The attribute parameters of the most ideal access network are relatively good, and a positive ideal solution can be obtained by normalizing the attribute parameters of the most ideal access network. However, the attribute parameters of the least ideal access network are relatively poor, and a negative ideal solution can be obtained by normalizing the attribute parameters of the least ideal access network. By calculating the geometric distance between each candidate network and the positive and negative ideal solutions, the proximity of each candidate network to the positive and negative ideal solutions is obtained. These closenesses are then sorted. The closest network is the one closest to the ideal solution [16].The fourth layer of the fuzzy neural network model is the fuzzy inference layer. Since each alternative network score corresponds to three layers (L, M, and H), there are a total of 3 M nodes in this layer. The input and output of performing the operation at the fourth layer node yield are expressed as(7)Ii4=∑j∈Gixij4,Oi4=max1,Ii4,The first part fuzzifies the input alternative network parameters, establishes fuzzy rules, outputs the scores of the alternative networks, and relies on the adaptive learning capability of the neural network for error backpropagation in the process of network selection to adaptively adjust the affiliation function parameters, which in turn enables the fuzzy neural network to be trained. After the scores of each alternative network are obtained through training, the scores of each alternative network are weighted according to the degree of preference of different business users for each alternative network, and the alternative network with the highest weighted score is selected to serve the users. The reason is found in time and the corresponding adjustments are made until the goal is achieved. Sports injury is a topic that every athlete will face, and it is the most likely to occur in training and competition. The main part of the second part is to use the dragonfly algorithm to find the optimal initial parameters of the Gaussian affiliation function of the fuzzy neural network when no fuzzy neural network training is performed until the end of the iteration, and the food location found by the dragonfly population is the optimal initial parameter of the Gaussian affiliation function.


#### 2.1.2. Physical Training Intensity Real-Time Regulation System Design

The motion data acquisition side consists of a motion acquisition module and an adjustable weighted dumbbell. The motion acquisition module is placed in a 3D printed circular housing with dimensions of 104 mm outer diameter, 20 mm inner diameter, and 20 mm thickness, which is fixed directly on the threaded rod. The motion acquisition module mainly includes a microprocessor module, a power supply module, and a sensor module. Among them, the microprocessor module uses an ESP8266 microcontroller with a built-in Wi-Fi module, the sensor module uses a JY901 motion sensor, and the power supply module uses a lithium polymer battery and charging circuit [17]. The microprocessor module is the core of the system, and the ESP8266 developed by Loxin is used in this system, which provides a highly integrated Wi-Fi SoC solution with low power consumption, compact design, and high stability to meet the requirements of the system.The ESP8266 has a built-in ultra-low-power Ten silica L106 32 bit RISC processor with a CPU clock speed of up to 160 MHz and supports real-time operating systems (RTOSs) and Wi-Fi protocol stacks, leaving up to 80% of the processing power for application programming and development. Its high level of integration, with standard digital peripheral interfaces, antenna switches, RF, power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, filters, and power management modules, allows it to be significantly reduced in size. At the same time, the ESP8266 features low power consumption and is designed for mobile devices, wearable electronics, and IoT applications, while having ultra-low power consumption. The functional principle of the ESP8266 is shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Functional schematic.After powering up the data acquisition module, the program first initializes the MCU and the sensor module, searches for a Wi-Fi network, and joins it to establish a secondary peer-to-peer network. At this point, the MCU starts collecting data from the sensor module. A brief description of the process of the distribution network follows. There are two cases in which the ESP8266 needs to be wired to connect to a specified Wi-Fi network. The first is when the ESP8266 is first powered up, and the second is when the user has changed the network environment. The traditional method of network pairing is to write the wireless network to be connected into the ESP8266 program, and when the module is powered on, it automatically searches for the specified wireless network and connects to it. This pairing method is easy and fast but has the drawback that it cannot be changed when the wireless network environment changes or when the user needs to reconnect to another wireless network. Therefore, there is a need to improve the network allocation procedure to be able to achieve more flexible network allocation.In the data layer, the server receives the data information from the collector and the client and then needs to store the data on the server and perform some related data processing. Therefore, a database of user information and user workout information needs to be created for easy management. The server uses an SQLite database, and the established database contains the following data tables as listed in Table1.Table 1
Real-time motion data table.
Field nameTypeIllustratation_iddoubleY-axis accelerationxAccdoubleZ-axis accelerationField namedoubleX-axis angular velocityyAccdoubleY-axis angular velocityzAccdoubleZ-axis angular velocityxPalstancedoubleX-axis angleyPalstancedoubleY-axis angleThe collected acceleration signal line is analysed to determine whether the signal needs low-pass or high-pass filtering processing. After a lot of experiments, it was found that the average time to do a dumbbell movement is about 3 s, which corresponds to a frequency of 1/3 Hz, which belongs to the low-frequency part of the signal [18]. It is used under the supervision of athletes in different special physical training sports, injuries, and functional states to reduce the risk of injury and injury of athletes in competitive conditions. It combines the functions of physical training and rehabilitation training. The acceleration signal changes to a certain extent to reflect the changes of the human dumbbell exercise, so the main frequency range of the acceleration signal is mainly distributed in the range of 0–10 Hz. FFT transformation is performed on the collected acceleration signal and its spectrum is viewed, as shown in Figure 4. It can be found that the main frequency components are within 5 Hz, and the amplitude of the signal above 5 Hz is almost negligible. The acceleration signal is low-pass filtered to retain the signal components from 0 to 10 Hz and remove the effect of high-frequency noise.Figure 4
Acceleration signal spectrum.In this study, second-order low pass filtering will be used to filter the signal. The expression of the second-order filter transfer function is given by the following equation:(8)d⋅d2ytdt2−e⋅dytdt−c2yt=a⋅d2xtdt2−b⋅dxtdt−c1xt.yt is the output signal, and xt is the input signal. For a dumbbell movement that rotates around an axis, such as a bending movement, the curve with the largest variance among the three-axis angular velocity curves collected at the acquisition end is selected as the judgment curve of the movement endpoint. The over-zero point of the curve is the highest or lowest point of a single dumbbell action, and the curve between the two zero points is a cycle curve of the dumbbell action. Since the collected data are discrete points and not a continuous curve, and these discrete data cannot be well fitted using a sine function, it is not possible to directly find out the over-zero point of the angle curve. In this study, a moving average filter and an energy threshold judgment are introduced to find the valid angle curve over zero points. The period of a single dumbbell action is about 3 seconds and the sampling frequency is 100 Hz, we can know that there are about 300 discrete points in the angle curve for each dumbbell action.


#### 2.1.3. Experimental Design for Physical Training Moderation

Evaluation is the key link of the digital control process, the setting, and modification, and improvement of training objectives, the formulation, implementation, and regulation of training plan, the evaluation, identification, and feedback of training results all need the participation of evaluation system. Making full use of the guidance, identification, feedback, and motivation of evaluation indexes, a complete set of special physical quality evaluation systems for javelin throwers is established to evaluate the physical fitness level of athletes, such as avoiding the one-sidedness caused by the evaluation of individual physical quality indexes and comparing the gap between the strong and weak items of individual physical quality [19]. According to the average price result, we can carry out targeted training to improve the athletes’ physical fitness level. Physical fitness evaluation is “the assessment of the real state of the athlete’s physical movement ability.”The comprehensive level of physical fitness in this study refers to the average level of 10 physical fitness indicators of athletes. As the athletes’ fitness level improves, the growth rate of each physical quality gradually decreases and the athletes’ pursuit of physical quality gradually fades. Long-term accumulation may lead to athletes’ shortcomings in physical fitness and gradually widen the distance between them and excellent athletes, which is not conducive to athletes’ long-term development. The sample mutation is guided by the timely use of the algorithm to achieve the purpose of the present fuzzing test effect. In response to the above situation, the comprehensive evaluation standard of physical fitness applied to evaluate athletes comprehensively, so that the overall physical fitness level of athletes can be steadily improved and the concept of reflecting the overall level by single quality is rejected, as listed in Table2.Table 2
Paired sample check.
Pair 1Step 1: weight preStep 2: weight postPair 2Step 1: one-step vertical take-off preStep 2: one-step vertical take-off postPair 3Step 1: vertical take-off preStep 2: vertical take-off postPair 4Step 1: bench press 1RM preStep 2: bench press 1RMpost squat 1RM prePair 5Step 1: squat 1RM postmaximum number of 60 kg bench pressPair 6Step 1: maximum number of 60 kg bench press postPair 7Step 1: maximum number of pull-ups postStep 2: maximum number of pull-ups postThe specificity of basketball sports is the need for athletes to have the strong physical strength to accomplish the embodiment of technical movements. In the study, no significant variability was found in the relative peak rotational torque of hip and knee flexors and extensors on both sides in our male basketball players. The results showed that knee strength and knee joint strength were more balanced, and there was no significant difference between the left and right-side surfaces [20].The second phase is the competition period. It can be observed that in the second phase, with the intervention of this training method, the player’s basic strength does not decline, but still maintains a small growth, but not as much as in the first phase, which can be observed by theT-value less than −10. The goal of Phase II is to maintain the player’s base strength capacity so that it does not decrease due to the high level of competition and exertion during the competition, allowing the player to maintain peak physical condition for the entire season.


## 2.1. Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Network Physical Training Intensity Real-Time Modulation Analysis

### 2.1.1. Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm Design

Neural network control is an artificial intelligence system that emulates the human thought process; however, the initial neurons in neural networks had only two states, on and off, which could not reflect the highly nonlinear characteristics of the actual neurons [14]. As researchers in various fields at home and abroad successively invested in research, it created the rise of artificial intelligence control methods.The input signalx1,x2,…,xn to the basic structure of a neuron is the input signal from other neurons to this neuron. The signal path is like that of the input nerve on the actual neuron structure, that is, the dendrites, which transmit and receive information from other nerve cells. The input signal to the artificial neuron is adjusted by connection weights w1,w2,…,wn, which can be positive or negative, with positive connection weights indicating growth and negative connection weights indicating negative inhibition. Aiming at this problem, a method is proposed to minimize the conflict between the convergence speed and the steady-state error by introducing the momentum term and optimizing the momentum factor. The algorithm reduces the cost function of nonlinear principal component analysis the fastest through the optimized momentum term, so that the convergence speed of the algorithm is accelerated. After the input signals weighted by the connection weights are all summer, the excitation function on the artificial neuron is nonlinearly transformed to obtain a new output signal, which is then communicated to the other neurons of the system, and its function is equivalent to the nucleus of a nerve cell on the actual neuron structure:(1)netj=∑i=1nwji2xi+bij,yj=fnetj+bj,where wji2 shows the value of the connection weight of the i-th input to the j-th neuron, bj denotes the bias of the j-th neuron, fnetj is the nonlinear excitation function of the neuron and converts the sum of the product weights at the input to the value at the output. A single neuron can process and learn data if multiple artificial neurons can be combined into a complete neural network after some proper arrangement. The number of layers of the designed neural network can be decided according to the complexity of the problem to be solved, the classification of neural networks in terms of the number of layers can be broadly classified as single-layer neural networks and multi-layer neural networks, and its structure is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Wavelet recurrent type neural network.As the neural network can learn online, the fuzzy system has the characteristics of logical description and judgment, wavelet processing can analyse time-varying signals, and the recursive structure gives the system better dynamic characteristics [15]. The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network is structurally divided into a total of five layers, with three implicit layers, namely, the affiliation function layer, the rule layer, and the recursive wavelet function layer. The neural network controller combines the neural network with fuzzy logic, wavelet processing, and recursive structure to improve its processing capability and accuracy and to solve the shortcomings of static mapping. The transfer relationship between each layer will be explained next.Both neuron nodes in this layer are input nodes, which are equivalent to the input variables. The error of the H-type motion platform includes the position synchronization error of the two axes and the speed synchronization error of the two axes. The linear transformation relationship between the input and output of the neurons in this layer can be expressed as follows:(2)netj1N=xi2,yj1N=netj1N,j=1,2,where xi2 is the input signal of the input layer, and the input variables are the position synchronization error and velocity synchronization error x11=ey1+ey2, ey1 and the ey2 position tracking error of the Y1 and Y2 linear motors, respectively; yj1N is the output signal of the input layer; N is the number of samples.(3)yj2N=fj2expnetj2NN,j=1,2,…,6.The output of each neuron in the input layer corresponds to 3 neurons in the affiliation function layer, the nonlinear transformation in the affiliation function layer uses Gaussian function, and this transformation method incorporates the fuzzy logic inference method so that the inductive performance of the network is improved. The mutation direction is provided for the sample mutation; then the neural network is used to build a program flow flattening model, the branch logic of the program is simulated smoothly, and a more effective mutation position is obtained through gradient calculation. Here,xi2N=yi2N is the output of the input layer; mj is the mean of the Gaussian function of the affiliation function layer; σj is the standard deviation of the Gaussian function of the affiliation function layer; yi2N is the output of the neurons of the affiliation function layer. This layer contains wavelet function operations, recursive operations, and the posterior part of fuzzy logic rules. The output of the wavelet function is ψk, denoted as follows:(4)ϕikxi1=1bik1+xi1−aik2bik2exp1−xi1−aik222bik2,ψk=∑iwik2ϕikxi1.where is the i-th wavelet function in the k-th neuron of ϕik this layer; ψk is the output of the k-th wavelet function; xi1 is the connection weight of the wavelet function; aik and bik are the translation factor and scaling factor of the wavelet function, respectively. From Figure 2, we can see the relationship between different translation factors and scaling factors on the input and output of wavelet functions.Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the wavelet function.The gradient descent method, also known as the error backpropagation algorithm, is a basic learning algorithm in the regulation process of neural network systems. The computational process of the gradient descent method is to solve for the minimum value along the direction of the decreasing gradient or the maximum value along the direction of the increasing gradient and to adjust the parameters in the neural network in a feedback manner so that the system error gradually approaches the minimum value. The energy functionV is first defined as follows:(5)V=14e2.The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network with parameter learning updates the iterative algorithm in the output layer with the error term, as shown in the following equation:(6)δo5=∂V∂e∂e∂yo5.The algorithm first establishes the most ideal access network and the least ideal access network. The attribute parameters of the most ideal access network are relatively good, and a positive ideal solution can be obtained by normalizing the attribute parameters of the most ideal access network. However, the attribute parameters of the least ideal access network are relatively poor, and a negative ideal solution can be obtained by normalizing the attribute parameters of the least ideal access network. By calculating the geometric distance between each candidate network and the positive and negative ideal solutions, the proximity of each candidate network to the positive and negative ideal solutions is obtained. These closenesses are then sorted. The closest network is the one closest to the ideal solution [16].The fourth layer of the fuzzy neural network model is the fuzzy inference layer. Since each alternative network score corresponds to three layers (L, M, and H), there are a total of 3 M nodes in this layer. The input and output of performing the operation at the fourth layer node yield are expressed as(7)Ii4=∑j∈Gixij4,Oi4=max1,Ii4,The first part fuzzifies the input alternative network parameters, establishes fuzzy rules, outputs the scores of the alternative networks, and relies on the adaptive learning capability of the neural network for error backpropagation in the process of network selection to adaptively adjust the affiliation function parameters, which in turn enables the fuzzy neural network to be trained. After the scores of each alternative network are obtained through training, the scores of each alternative network are weighted according to the degree of preference of different business users for each alternative network, and the alternative network with the highest weighted score is selected to serve the users. The reason is found in time and the corresponding adjustments are made until the goal is achieved. Sports injury is a topic that every athlete will face, and it is the most likely to occur in training and competition. The main part of the second part is to use the dragonfly algorithm to find the optimal initial parameters of the Gaussian affiliation function of the fuzzy neural network when no fuzzy neural network training is performed until the end of the iteration, and the food location found by the dragonfly population is the optimal initial parameter of the Gaussian affiliation function.


### 2.1.2. Physical Training Intensity Real-Time Regulation System Design

The motion data acquisition side consists of a motion acquisition module and an adjustable weighted dumbbell. The motion acquisition module is placed in a 3D printed circular housing with dimensions of 104 mm outer diameter, 20 mm inner diameter, and 20 mm thickness, which is fixed directly on the threaded rod. The motion acquisition module mainly includes a microprocessor module, a power supply module, and a sensor module. Among them, the microprocessor module uses an ESP8266 microcontroller with a built-in Wi-Fi module, the sensor module uses a JY901 motion sensor, and the power supply module uses a lithium polymer battery and charging circuit [17]. The microprocessor module is the core of the system, and the ESP8266 developed by Loxin is used in this system, which provides a highly integrated Wi-Fi SoC solution with low power consumption, compact design, and high stability to meet the requirements of the system.The ESP8266 has a built-in ultra-low-power Ten silica L106 32 bit RISC processor with a CPU clock speed of up to 160 MHz and supports real-time operating systems (RTOSs) and Wi-Fi protocol stacks, leaving up to 80% of the processing power for application programming and development. Its high level of integration, with standard digital peripheral interfaces, antenna switches, RF, power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, filters, and power management modules, allows it to be significantly reduced in size. At the same time, the ESP8266 features low power consumption and is designed for mobile devices, wearable electronics, and IoT applications, while having ultra-low power consumption. The functional principle of the ESP8266 is shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Functional schematic.After powering up the data acquisition module, the program first initializes the MCU and the sensor module, searches for a Wi-Fi network, and joins it to establish a secondary peer-to-peer network. At this point, the MCU starts collecting data from the sensor module. A brief description of the process of the distribution network follows. There are two cases in which the ESP8266 needs to be wired to connect to a specified Wi-Fi network. The first is when the ESP8266 is first powered up, and the second is when the user has changed the network environment. The traditional method of network pairing is to write the wireless network to be connected into the ESP8266 program, and when the module is powered on, it automatically searches for the specified wireless network and connects to it. This pairing method is easy and fast but has the drawback that it cannot be changed when the wireless network environment changes or when the user needs to reconnect to another wireless network. Therefore, there is a need to improve the network allocation procedure to be able to achieve more flexible network allocation.In the data layer, the server receives the data information from the collector and the client and then needs to store the data on the server and perform some related data processing. Therefore, a database of user information and user workout information needs to be created for easy management. The server uses an SQLite database, and the established database contains the following data tables as listed in Table1.Table 1
Real-time motion data table.
Field nameTypeIllustratation_iddoubleY-axis accelerationxAccdoubleZ-axis accelerationField namedoubleX-axis angular velocityyAccdoubleY-axis angular velocityzAccdoubleZ-axis angular velocityxPalstancedoubleX-axis angleyPalstancedoubleY-axis angleThe collected acceleration signal line is analysed to determine whether the signal needs low-pass or high-pass filtering processing. After a lot of experiments, it was found that the average time to do a dumbbell movement is about 3 s, which corresponds to a frequency of 1/3 Hz, which belongs to the low-frequency part of the signal [18]. It is used under the supervision of athletes in different special physical training sports, injuries, and functional states to reduce the risk of injury and injury of athletes in competitive conditions. It combines the functions of physical training and rehabilitation training. The acceleration signal changes to a certain extent to reflect the changes of the human dumbbell exercise, so the main frequency range of the acceleration signal is mainly distributed in the range of 0–10 Hz. FFT transformation is performed on the collected acceleration signal and its spectrum is viewed, as shown in Figure 4. It can be found that the main frequency components are within 5 Hz, and the amplitude of the signal above 5 Hz is almost negligible. The acceleration signal is low-pass filtered to retain the signal components from 0 to 10 Hz and remove the effect of high-frequency noise.Figure 4
Acceleration signal spectrum.In this study, second-order low pass filtering will be used to filter the signal. The expression of the second-order filter transfer function is given by the following equation:(8)d⋅d2ytdt2−e⋅dytdt−c2yt=a⋅d2xtdt2−b⋅dxtdt−c1xt.yt is the output signal, and xt is the input signal. For a dumbbell movement that rotates around an axis, such as a bending movement, the curve with the largest variance among the three-axis angular velocity curves collected at the acquisition end is selected as the judgment curve of the movement endpoint. The over-zero point of the curve is the highest or lowest point of a single dumbbell action, and the curve between the two zero points is a cycle curve of the dumbbell action. Since the collected data are discrete points and not a continuous curve, and these discrete data cannot be well fitted using a sine function, it is not possible to directly find out the over-zero point of the angle curve. In this study, a moving average filter and an energy threshold judgment are introduced to find the valid angle curve over zero points. The period of a single dumbbell action is about 3 seconds and the sampling frequency is 100 Hz, we can know that there are about 300 discrete points in the angle curve for each dumbbell action.


### 2.1.3. Experimental Design for Physical Training Moderation

Evaluation is the key link of the digital control process, the setting, and modification, and improvement of training objectives, the formulation, implementation, and regulation of training plan, the evaluation, identification, and feedback of training results all need the participation of evaluation system. Making full use of the guidance, identification, feedback, and motivation of evaluation indexes, a complete set of special physical quality evaluation systems for javelin throwers is established to evaluate the physical fitness level of athletes, such as avoiding the one-sidedness caused by the evaluation of individual physical quality indexes and comparing the gap between the strong and weak items of individual physical quality [19]. According to the average price result, we can carry out targeted training to improve the athletes’ physical fitness level. Physical fitness evaluation is “the assessment of the real state of the athlete’s physical movement ability.”The comprehensive level of physical fitness in this study refers to the average level of 10 physical fitness indicators of athletes. As the athletes’ fitness level improves, the growth rate of each physical quality gradually decreases and the athletes’ pursuit of physical quality gradually fades. Long-term accumulation may lead to athletes’ shortcomings in physical fitness and gradually widen the distance between them and excellent athletes, which is not conducive to athletes’ long-term development. The sample mutation is guided by the timely use of the algorithm to achieve the purpose of the present fuzzing test effect. In response to the above situation, the comprehensive evaluation standard of physical fitness applied to evaluate athletes comprehensively, so that the overall physical fitness level of athletes can be steadily improved and the concept of reflecting the overall level by single quality is rejected, as listed in Table2.Table 2
Paired sample check.
Pair 1Step 1: weight preStep 2: weight postPair 2Step 1: one-step vertical take-off preStep 2: one-step vertical take-off postPair 3Step 1: vertical take-off preStep 2: vertical take-off postPair 4Step 1: bench press 1RM preStep 2: bench press 1RMpost squat 1RM prePair 5Step 1: squat 1RM postmaximum number of 60 kg bench pressPair 6Step 1: maximum number of 60 kg bench press postPair 7Step 1: maximum number of pull-ups postStep 2: maximum number of pull-ups postThe specificity of basketball sports is the need for athletes to have the strong physical strength to accomplish the embodiment of technical movements. In the study, no significant variability was found in the relative peak rotational torque of hip and knee flexors and extensors on both sides in our male basketball players. The results showed that knee strength and knee joint strength were more balanced, and there was no significant difference between the left and right-side surfaces [20].The second phase is the competition period. It can be observed that in the second phase, with the intervention of this training method, the player’s basic strength does not decline, but still maintains a small growth, but not as much as in the first phase, which can be observed by theT-value less than −10. The goal of Phase II is to maintain the player’s base strength capacity so that it does not decrease due to the high level of competition and exertion during the competition, allowing the player to maintain peak physical condition for the entire season.


## 2.1.1. Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm Design

Neural network control is an artificial intelligence system that emulates the human thought process; however, the initial neurons in neural networks had only two states, on and off, which could not reflect the highly nonlinear characteristics of the actual neurons [14]. As researchers in various fields at home and abroad successively invested in research, it created the rise of artificial intelligence control methods.The input signalx1,x2,…,xn to the basic structure of a neuron is the input signal from other neurons to this neuron. The signal path is like that of the input nerve on the actual neuron structure, that is, the dendrites, which transmit and receive information from other nerve cells. The input signal to the artificial neuron is adjusted by connection weights w1,w2,…,wn, which can be positive or negative, with positive connection weights indicating growth and negative connection weights indicating negative inhibition. Aiming at this problem, a method is proposed to minimize the conflict between the convergence speed and the steady-state error by introducing the momentum term and optimizing the momentum factor. The algorithm reduces the cost function of nonlinear principal component analysis the fastest through the optimized momentum term, so that the convergence speed of the algorithm is accelerated. After the input signals weighted by the connection weights are all summer, the excitation function on the artificial neuron is nonlinearly transformed to obtain a new output signal, which is then communicated to the other neurons of the system, and its function is equivalent to the nucleus of a nerve cell on the actual neuron structure:(1)netj=∑i=1nwji2xi+bij,yj=fnetj+bj,where wji2 shows the value of the connection weight of the i-th input to the j-th neuron, bj denotes the bias of the j-th neuron, fnetj is the nonlinear excitation function of the neuron and converts the sum of the product weights at the input to the value at the output. A single neuron can process and learn data if multiple artificial neurons can be combined into a complete neural network after some proper arrangement. The number of layers of the designed neural network can be decided according to the complexity of the problem to be solved, the classification of neural networks in terms of the number of layers can be broadly classified as single-layer neural networks and multi-layer neural networks, and its structure is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Wavelet recurrent type neural network.As the neural network can learn online, the fuzzy system has the characteristics of logical description and judgment, wavelet processing can analyse time-varying signals, and the recursive structure gives the system better dynamic characteristics [15]. The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network is structurally divided into a total of five layers, with three implicit layers, namely, the affiliation function layer, the rule layer, and the recursive wavelet function layer. The neural network controller combines the neural network with fuzzy logic, wavelet processing, and recursive structure to improve its processing capability and accuracy and to solve the shortcomings of static mapping. The transfer relationship between each layer will be explained next.Both neuron nodes in this layer are input nodes, which are equivalent to the input variables. The error of the H-type motion platform includes the position synchronization error of the two axes and the speed synchronization error of the two axes. The linear transformation relationship between the input and output of the neurons in this layer can be expressed as follows:(2)netj1N=xi2,yj1N=netj1N,j=1,2,where xi2 is the input signal of the input layer, and the input variables are the position synchronization error and velocity synchronization error x11=ey1+ey2, ey1 and the ey2 position tracking error of the Y1 and Y2 linear motors, respectively; yj1N is the output signal of the input layer; N is the number of samples.(3)yj2N=fj2expnetj2NN,j=1,2,…,6.The output of each neuron in the input layer corresponds to 3 neurons in the affiliation function layer, the nonlinear transformation in the affiliation function layer uses Gaussian function, and this transformation method incorporates the fuzzy logic inference method so that the inductive performance of the network is improved. The mutation direction is provided for the sample mutation; then the neural network is used to build a program flow flattening model, the branch logic of the program is simulated smoothly, and a more effective mutation position is obtained through gradient calculation. Here,xi2N=yi2N is the output of the input layer; mj is the mean of the Gaussian function of the affiliation function layer; σj is the standard deviation of the Gaussian function of the affiliation function layer; yi2N is the output of the neurons of the affiliation function layer. This layer contains wavelet function operations, recursive operations, and the posterior part of fuzzy logic rules. The output of the wavelet function is ψk, denoted as follows:(4)ϕikxi1=1bik1+xi1−aik2bik2exp1−xi1−aik222bik2,ψk=∑iwik2ϕikxi1.where is the i-th wavelet function in the k-th neuron of ϕik this layer; ψk is the output of the k-th wavelet function; xi1 is the connection weight of the wavelet function; aik and bik are the translation factor and scaling factor of the wavelet function, respectively. From Figure 2, we can see the relationship between different translation factors and scaling factors on the input and output of wavelet functions.Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the wavelet function.The gradient descent method, also known as the error backpropagation algorithm, is a basic learning algorithm in the regulation process of neural network systems. The computational process of the gradient descent method is to solve for the minimum value along the direction of the decreasing gradient or the maximum value along the direction of the increasing gradient and to adjust the parameters in the neural network in a feedback manner so that the system error gradually approaches the minimum value. The energy functionV is first defined as follows:(5)V=14e2.The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network with parameter learning updates the iterative algorithm in the output layer with the error term, as shown in the following equation:(6)δo5=∂V∂e∂e∂yo5.The algorithm first establishes the most ideal access network and the least ideal access network. The attribute parameters of the most ideal access network are relatively good, and a positive ideal solution can be obtained by normalizing the attribute parameters of the most ideal access network. However, the attribute parameters of the least ideal access network are relatively poor, and a negative ideal solution can be obtained by normalizing the attribute parameters of the least ideal access network. By calculating the geometric distance between each candidate network and the positive and negative ideal solutions, the proximity of each candidate network to the positive and negative ideal solutions is obtained. These closenesses are then sorted. The closest network is the one closest to the ideal solution [16].The fourth layer of the fuzzy neural network model is the fuzzy inference layer. Since each alternative network score corresponds to three layers (L, M, and H), there are a total of 3 M nodes in this layer. The input and output of performing the operation at the fourth layer node yield are expressed as(7)Ii4=∑j∈Gixij4,Oi4=max1,Ii4,The first part fuzzifies the input alternative network parameters, establishes fuzzy rules, outputs the scores of the alternative networks, and relies on the adaptive learning capability of the neural network for error backpropagation in the process of network selection to adaptively adjust the affiliation function parameters, which in turn enables the fuzzy neural network to be trained. After the scores of each alternative network are obtained through training, the scores of each alternative network are weighted according to the degree of preference of different business users for each alternative network, and the alternative network with the highest weighted score is selected to serve the users. The reason is found in time and the corresponding adjustments are made until the goal is achieved. Sports injury is a topic that every athlete will face, and it is the most likely to occur in training and competition. The main part of the second part is to use the dragonfly algorithm to find the optimal initial parameters of the Gaussian affiliation function of the fuzzy neural network when no fuzzy neural network training is performed until the end of the iteration, and the food location found by the dragonfly population is the optimal initial parameter of the Gaussian affiliation function.


## 2.1.2. Physical Training Intensity Real-Time Regulation System Design

The motion data acquisition side consists of a motion acquisition module and an adjustable weighted dumbbell. The motion acquisition module is placed in a 3D printed circular housing with dimensions of 104 mm outer diameter, 20 mm inner diameter, and 20 mm thickness, which is fixed directly on the threaded rod. The motion acquisition module mainly includes a microprocessor module, a power supply module, and a sensor module. Among them, the microprocessor module uses an ESP8266 microcontroller with a built-in Wi-Fi module, the sensor module uses a JY901 motion sensor, and the power supply module uses a lithium polymer battery and charging circuit [17]. The microprocessor module is the core of the system, and the ESP8266 developed by Loxin is used in this system, which provides a highly integrated Wi-Fi SoC solution with low power consumption, compact design, and high stability to meet the requirements of the system.The ESP8266 has a built-in ultra-low-power Ten silica L106 32 bit RISC processor with a CPU clock speed of up to 160 MHz and supports real-time operating systems (RTOSs) and Wi-Fi protocol stacks, leaving up to 80% of the processing power for application programming and development. Its high level of integration, with standard digital peripheral interfaces, antenna switches, RF, power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, filters, and power management modules, allows it to be significantly reduced in size. At the same time, the ESP8266 features low power consumption and is designed for mobile devices, wearable electronics, and IoT applications, while having ultra-low power consumption. The functional principle of the ESP8266 is shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Functional schematic.After powering up the data acquisition module, the program first initializes the MCU and the sensor module, searches for a Wi-Fi network, and joins it to establish a secondary peer-to-peer network. At this point, the MCU starts collecting data from the sensor module. A brief description of the process of the distribution network follows. There are two cases in which the ESP8266 needs to be wired to connect to a specified Wi-Fi network. The first is when the ESP8266 is first powered up, and the second is when the user has changed the network environment. The traditional method of network pairing is to write the wireless network to be connected into the ESP8266 program, and when the module is powered on, it automatically searches for the specified wireless network and connects to it. This pairing method is easy and fast but has the drawback that it cannot be changed when the wireless network environment changes or when the user needs to reconnect to another wireless network. Therefore, there is a need to improve the network allocation procedure to be able to achieve more flexible network allocation.In the data layer, the server receives the data information from the collector and the client and then needs to store the data on the server and perform some related data processing. Therefore, a database of user information and user workout information needs to be created for easy management. The server uses an SQLite database, and the established database contains the following data tables as listed in Table1.Table 1
Real-time motion data table.
Field nameTypeIllustratation_iddoubleY-axis accelerationxAccdoubleZ-axis accelerationField namedoubleX-axis angular velocityyAccdoubleY-axis angular velocityzAccdoubleZ-axis angular velocityxPalstancedoubleX-axis angleyPalstancedoubleY-axis angleThe collected acceleration signal line is analysed to determine whether the signal needs low-pass or high-pass filtering processing. After a lot of experiments, it was found that the average time to do a dumbbell movement is about 3 s, which corresponds to a frequency of 1/3 Hz, which belongs to the low-frequency part of the signal [18]. It is used under the supervision of athletes in different special physical training sports, injuries, and functional states to reduce the risk of injury and injury of athletes in competitive conditions. It combines the functions of physical training and rehabilitation training. The acceleration signal changes to a certain extent to reflect the changes of the human dumbbell exercise, so the main frequency range of the acceleration signal is mainly distributed in the range of 0–10 Hz. FFT transformation is performed on the collected acceleration signal and its spectrum is viewed, as shown in Figure 4. It can be found that the main frequency components are within 5 Hz, and the amplitude of the signal above 5 Hz is almost negligible. The acceleration signal is low-pass filtered to retain the signal components from 0 to 10 Hz and remove the effect of high-frequency noise.Figure 4
Acceleration signal spectrum.In this study, second-order low pass filtering will be used to filter the signal. The expression of the second-order filter transfer function is given by the following equation:(8)d⋅d2ytdt2−e⋅dytdt−c2yt=a⋅d2xtdt2−b⋅dxtdt−c1xt.yt is the output signal, and xt is the input signal. For a dumbbell movement that rotates around an axis, such as a bending movement, the curve with the largest variance among the three-axis angular velocity curves collected at the acquisition end is selected as the judgment curve of the movement endpoint. The over-zero point of the curve is the highest or lowest point of a single dumbbell action, and the curve between the two zero points is a cycle curve of the dumbbell action. Since the collected data are discrete points and not a continuous curve, and these discrete data cannot be well fitted using a sine function, it is not possible to directly find out the over-zero point of the angle curve. In this study, a moving average filter and an energy threshold judgment are introduced to find the valid angle curve over zero points. The period of a single dumbbell action is about 3 seconds and the sampling frequency is 100 Hz, we can know that there are about 300 discrete points in the angle curve for each dumbbell action.


## 2.1.3. Experimental Design for Physical Training Moderation

Evaluation is the key link of the digital control process, the setting, and modification, and improvement of training objectives, the formulation, implementation, and regulation of training plan, the evaluation, identification, and feedback of training results all need the participation of evaluation system. Making full use of the guidance, identification, feedback, and motivation of evaluation indexes, a complete set of special physical quality evaluation systems for javelin throwers is established to evaluate the physical fitness level of athletes, such as avoiding the one-sidedness caused by the evaluation of individual physical quality indexes and comparing the gap between the strong and weak items of individual physical quality [19]. According to the average price result, we can carry out targeted training to improve the athletes’ physical fitness level. Physical fitness evaluation is “the assessment of the real state of the athlete’s physical movement ability.”The comprehensive level of physical fitness in this study refers to the average level of 10 physical fitness indicators of athletes. As the athletes’ fitness level improves, the growth rate of each physical quality gradually decreases and the athletes’ pursuit of physical quality gradually fades. Long-term accumulation may lead to athletes’ shortcomings in physical fitness and gradually widen the distance between them and excellent athletes, which is not conducive to athletes’ long-term development. The sample mutation is guided by the timely use of the algorithm to achieve the purpose of the present fuzzing test effect. In response to the above situation, the comprehensive evaluation standard of physical fitness applied to evaluate athletes comprehensively, so that the overall physical fitness level of athletes can be steadily improved and the concept of reflecting the overall level by single quality is rejected, as listed in Table2.Table 2
Paired sample check.
Pair 1Step 1: weight preStep 2: weight postPair 2Step 1: one-step vertical take-off preStep 2: one-step vertical take-off postPair 3Step 1: vertical take-off preStep 2: vertical take-off postPair 4Step 1: bench press 1RM preStep 2: bench press 1RMpost squat 1RM prePair 5Step 1: squat 1RM postmaximum number of 60 kg bench pressPair 6Step 1: maximum number of 60 kg bench press postPair 7Step 1: maximum number of pull-ups postStep 2: maximum number of pull-ups postThe specificity of basketball sports is the need for athletes to have the strong physical strength to accomplish the embodiment of technical movements. In the study, no significant variability was found in the relative peak rotational torque of hip and knee flexors and extensors on both sides in our male basketball players. The results showed that knee strength and knee joint strength were more balanced, and there was no significant difference between the left and right-side surfaces [20].The second phase is the competition period. It can be observed that in the second phase, with the intervention of this training method, the player’s basic strength does not decline, but still maintains a small growth, but not as much as in the first phase, which can be observed by theT-value less than −10. The goal of Phase II is to maintain the player’s base strength capacity so that it does not decrease due to the high level of competition and exertion during the competition, allowing the player to maintain peak physical condition for the entire season.


## 3. Results and Analysis

### 3.1. Performance Results of Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm

The two-axis position synchronization error when using a global sliding mode control method combined with a recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network synchronization compensator. Compared with the cross-coupled controller, the maximum value of the dual-axis position synchronization error is reduced from 16.78μm to 1.02 μm, and the maximum magnitude during regulation is 15.63 μm. Using the recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network synchronization compensator designed in this chapter between the two axes can effectively improve the anti-interference performance of the platform compared to the cross-coupled control compensator.To facilitate the extraction of feature values, 50,000 sets of seems signals collected from the plate support exercise were analysed by grouping every 200 data points into one group, with a total of 250 sets of data, using the first 80% sets of data for network training and the last 20% sets of data for prediction. The prediction results are shown below, where thex-axis represents the data groups and the y-axis represents the frequency values of MF (MPF). The data fitting curve is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Neural network prediction curve fit for MPF values.The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network synchronization compensator designed in this study improves the synchronization performance of the dual axes in theY direction compared with the cross-coupling control compensator, and it can instantly adjust the compensation signal of the dual axes under the change of the beam load, improve the tracking accuracy of the system in the single axis, suppress the influence of the sudden added load on the system, and make the system have a better antidisturbance performance, including plan formulation, training data statistics, stage training effect evaluation, and stage training effect feedback.If adaptive adjustment of the size of the parameters ensures that the sum of squares of the network errors is minimized, network training can greatly improve the generalization ability of the network by effectively controlling the complexity of the network. During the neural network training, a correction function for the performance function is introduced based on the conventional mean square error performance function. The performance of the neural network is analysed by comparing the mean square error MSE before and after optimization, and the results are shown in Figure6.Figure 6
Mean square error MSE of MF before and after optimization for each channel.The network performance indexes obtained by LM and SCG optimization methods are better than the original indexes, in which the LM algorithm is the best, it is known from the quantitative data that the application of the LM optimization algorithm has a great improvement in the accuracy of the designed BP network, and it is also more accurate for the prediction effect, which reduces the prediction error and achieves the purpose of optimization.The simulation results show that the recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network compensation controller can dynamically compensate the single-axis tracking error and the inter-axis synchronization error of the system so that the tracking error and synchronization error of the system are effectively reduced and the influence of the load change and uncertain disturbance terms on the control process of the system is reduced, thus improving the control accuracy and robustness of the H-type motion platform.


### 3.2. Experimental Results of Real-Time Modulation of Physical Training Intensity

When designing a training program, the formulation of phased training objectives and the evaluation of training results are of great importance. The development of training objectives is the premise and basis for the entire training process, and the evaluation of training results is a key step in testing the training program. The combination of these two can be used to test the effectiveness of the current phase of training and to further grasp the overall situation of each athlete’s training effectiveness throughout the year.Compare the “actual training results” with the “expected target results,” if there is no significant difference between the two, then the original training plan is continued to implement; if the difference between the two is more obvious, then the reasons for the deviation are analysed, timely adjustment of the training plan is carried out, and different feedback means are taken. In the following section, we will analyse the completion of the target in the preparation period, the first competition period, and the second competition period, as well as the reasons for the deviation, and point out the adjustment measures to “correct the deviation,” as shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Experimental results.If all the training data of the athlete is normal, and the training intensity and training volume meet the training requirements, but the deviation still exists and is outside the error allowance, the reason is most likely that the goal is set too high. The second is that the athlete fails to maintain a good view of training. This is manifested by the abnormal training data of a certain athlete, where the load intensity, load volume, and target completion rate are significantly lower than those of other athletes. Negative ones indicate reverse inhibition. The connection weight is like the ganglion in the actual neuron structure, which is used to indicate the connection strength between two nerve cells. After continuous learning and adjustment, the output of the neuron can gradually approach the required expected value.Coaches should look at the athletes’ strengths and weaknesses from a “developmental” perspective and combine “multi-year training goals,” “annual training goals,” “large cycle training goals,” and so on. The coach should design a long-term training plan, continue to develop the athlete’s physical strengths, and gradually adjust the athlete’s shortcomings. Physical training needs to be a combination of work and rest, and a good balance between training and recovery time.


## 3.1. Performance Results of Wavelet Recursive Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm

The two-axis position synchronization error when using a global sliding mode control method combined with a recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network synchronization compensator. Compared with the cross-coupled controller, the maximum value of the dual-axis position synchronization error is reduced from 16.78μm to 1.02 μm, and the maximum magnitude during regulation is 15.63 μm. Using the recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network synchronization compensator designed in this chapter between the two axes can effectively improve the anti-interference performance of the platform compared to the cross-coupled control compensator.To facilitate the extraction of feature values, 50,000 sets of seems signals collected from the plate support exercise were analysed by grouping every 200 data points into one group, with a total of 250 sets of data, using the first 80% sets of data for network training and the last 20% sets of data for prediction. The prediction results are shown below, where thex-axis represents the data groups and the y-axis represents the frequency values of MF (MPF). The data fitting curve is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Neural network prediction curve fit for MPF values.The recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network synchronization compensator designed in this study improves the synchronization performance of the dual axes in theY direction compared with the cross-coupling control compensator, and it can instantly adjust the compensation signal of the dual axes under the change of the beam load, improve the tracking accuracy of the system in the single axis, suppress the influence of the sudden added load on the system, and make the system have a better antidisturbance performance, including plan formulation, training data statistics, stage training effect evaluation, and stage training effect feedback.If adaptive adjustment of the size of the parameters ensures that the sum of squares of the network errors is minimized, network training can greatly improve the generalization ability of the network by effectively controlling the complexity of the network. During the neural network training, a correction function for the performance function is introduced based on the conventional mean square error performance function. The performance of the neural network is analysed by comparing the mean square error MSE before and after optimization, and the results are shown in Figure6.Figure 6
Mean square error MSE of MF before and after optimization for each channel.The network performance indexes obtained by LM and SCG optimization methods are better than the original indexes, in which the LM algorithm is the best, it is known from the quantitative data that the application of the LM optimization algorithm has a great improvement in the accuracy of the designed BP network, and it is also more accurate for the prediction effect, which reduces the prediction error and achieves the purpose of optimization.The simulation results show that the recursive wavelet fuzzy neural network compensation controller can dynamically compensate the single-axis tracking error and the inter-axis synchronization error of the system so that the tracking error and synchronization error of the system are effectively reduced and the influence of the load change and uncertain disturbance terms on the control process of the system is reduced, thus improving the control accuracy and robustness of the H-type motion platform.


## 3.2. Experimental Results of Real-Time Modulation of Physical Training Intensity

When designing a training program, the formulation of phased training objectives and the evaluation of training results are of great importance. The development of training objectives is the premise and basis for the entire training process, and the evaluation of training results is a key step in testing the training program. The combination of these two can be used to test the effectiveness of the current phase of training and to further grasp the overall situation of each athlete’s training effectiveness throughout the year.Compare the “actual training results” with the “expected target results,” if there is no significant difference between the two, then the original training plan is continued to implement; if the difference between the two is more obvious, then the reasons for the deviation are analysed, timely adjustment of the training plan is carried out, and different feedback means are taken. In the following section, we will analyse the completion of the target in the preparation period, the first competition period, and the second competition period, as well as the reasons for the deviation, and point out the adjustment measures to “correct the deviation,” as shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Experimental results.If all the training data of the athlete is normal, and the training intensity and training volume meet the training requirements, but the deviation still exists and is outside the error allowance, the reason is most likely that the goal is set too high. The second is that the athlete fails to maintain a good view of training. This is manifested by the abnormal training data of a certain athlete, where the load intensity, load volume, and target completion rate are significantly lower than those of other athletes. Negative ones indicate reverse inhibition. The connection weight is like the ganglion in the actual neuron structure, which is used to indicate the connection strength between two nerve cells. After continuous learning and adjustment, the output of the neuron can gradually approach the required expected value.Coaches should look at the athletes’ strengths and weaknesses from a “developmental” perspective and combine “multi-year training goals,” “annual training goals,” “large cycle training goals,” and so on. The coach should design a long-term training plan, continue to develop the athlete’s physical strengths, and gradually adjust the athlete’s shortcomings. Physical training needs to be a combination of work and rest, and a good balance between training and recovery time.


## 4. Conclusion

In the past, sports medicine has focused on physiologically based recovery and rehabilitation but has neglected to focus on rehabilitation physical training and injury prevention physical training. This has led to repeated injuries and long recovery times for basketball players, as well as an increased risk of injury unknowingly because of injury and lack of in-depth knowledge of physical training. There are major shortcomings in fitness testing, program development, training arrangements, training methods, training monitoring, and effect evaluation, which are the main reasons for the high incidence of sports injuries. Through the assessment and diagnosis of athletes’ physical fitness status and real-time monitoring, the training quality and training load control of physical training can be ensured to effectively reduce the risk of sports injuries. In addition, through the eight basic injury prevention tests, athletes can be targeted to improve their ability to prevent sports injuries and to maintain their athletic performance through functional training and sports medicine treatment programs after suffering a sports injury, and to recover their original athletic performance in a short period and then to improve it. Extracting and analysing the eigenvalues in the time and frequency domains, a multilayer algorithm incorporating decision trees were designed to successfully identify 8 movements. The experimental results show that the algorithm achieves a combined recognition rate of 96.3%.



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*Source: 1353540-2022-03-17.xml*