# Impact of Industry 4.0 on Green Decoration Materials in Public Architectural Engineering for Application of Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

Authors: Wei Cui; Hui Liu; Bo Xu; Chen Zhong
Journal: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Industry 4.0 is derived from the concept of German industry, and its essence is to use technology for efficient production. However, the evolution in wireless technologies has opened the door to a new class of plant automation architecture that offers adopters a significant strategic advantage. Under the historical background of advocating low-carbon production, energy conservation and environmental protection, and sustainable development in various fields, the awareness of ecological energy conservation and environmental protection has gradually become a mainstream ideology. This paper principally studies the application of energy conservation and environmental protection green decoration materials in public architectural engineering projects to show the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection green decoration materials in architectural decoration construction and analyzes the future development direction of public architectural decoration in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the public environment and develop new ways of housing renovation with sustainable development goals to create a sustainable Industry 4.0 combining environmental protection and sustainability.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Public architecture is the architectural space of urban population intensive life and office. With the continuous improvement of residential living quality, the ecological quality requirements of living space have also been extraordinarily improved. Therefore, the selection and construction of decoration materials for such architectural space have not only met the space use function and beautified the architectures’ ground, roof, external wall, etc., but also taken the low energy of the architectural consumption, the ecological space environment, the extension of architectural service life, and other responsibilities. With the awakening of residential awareness of environmental protection, the requirements for architectural decoration construction are increasingly getting higher and higher [1]. The traditional architectural decoration construction has been unable to meet the social demands. The application of energy conversation and environmental protection green decoration material technology has gradually become the trend of industry development in the construction engineering. While meeting the requirements of architectural beautification and decoration, it has achieved good energy conversation and environmental protection effects. Thus, it can be seen that it is of practical significance to pay more attention to the research on the application of energy conversation and environmental protection green decoration materials in the construction of architectural decoration.In the coming Industrial 4.0 era, the realization of building energy conservation and environmental protection does not only rely on the environmental protection characteristics of building materials but also takes intelligent and information visualization technology as the main body, through information management of building engineering, automatic assembly construction, modular simulation experiment, intelligent energy regulation, building performance data monitoring and other multiangle and all-round reduction, and regulation of building low-carbon emission and efficient utilization of energy, so as to realize the stability and sustainability of building energy conservation and environmental protection [2].


## 2. The Main Characteristics of Energy Conversation and Environment Protection Decoration Materials

The application of energy conversation and environmental protection and green decoration materials in the field of architectural decoration can make architectures better meet the needs of residential health and environmental protection [3]. Compared with the traditional architectural decoration materials, the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection materials are primarily shown in the following aspects: (1) the resource-saving is the main characteristic of this architectural materials. Firstly, this type of material has a high utilization rate of source materials and will not produce a large amount of waste. Secondly, the use base of natural resources in the production process is small. Most of them are organic composites produced by recycling and reusing waste and relying on synthetic technology. (2) From the point of view of the raw materials of green environmental protection materials, it principally applies for some materials, such as nontoxic harmless or relatively low waste emissions [4]. Toxic substances such as formaldehyde and benzene will not be involved in the production process of materials, which can effectively reduce the damage of architectural materials to residential health by this way. Therefore, the characteristics of green health are also the main characteristics of low-carbon, energy conversation, and environment protection architectural materials. (3) Compared with the traditional architectural materials, energy conservation and environmental protection materials have the characteristics of corrosion resistance and durability [5]. Its service life is also longer than the service life of traditional architectural materials. In addition, antibacterial characteristics, fire characteristics, and sound insulation characteristics are also the main characteristics of low-carbon energy conversation materials. (4) Resource allocation and standard informatization are also another important definition of green environmental protection materials in Industry 4.0. With the support of big data, wireless intelligence, information model, and other technologies, there are accurate data monitoring and intelligent adjustment from material design to production, construction, and even material demolition, so as to realize the great leap from traditional “wet” construction to intelligent assembly, improve the utilization rate of resources, shorten the construction cycle, visualize the building state information, effectively control the generation of construction waste, and let the building enter a long-term process of continuous optimization and adjustment with the renewal of lifestyle.


## 3. Application of Energy Conversation and Environmental Protection Green Decoration Materials in Public Architectures

### 3.1. Soft Film Ceiling

The ceiling is more common in the use of public construction projects, which can play a certain aesthetic role. In the past years, the use of ceiling was mostly solid ceiling shape, relatively rigid, and it also needed to be installed in small pieces one by one; its installation process was relatively complicated. The soft film ceiling can be directly installed during installation, which is more convenient. Soft film ceiling is a kind of soft material with strong plasticity. It is fixed by matching small fasteners, which only need to be fixed in the corresponding position by bolts. In the meantime, it also can enhance the three-dimensional and overall sense of the ceiling. Through rich design, diversified patterns, and clear colors, the decorative effect can be improved. Besides, the soft film ceiling also has multifaceted functions: (1) it has the effect of energy conservation and environmental protection, because the surface of the soft film ceiling is extremely concave and convex, which can effectively spread the light source, thus reducing the electric light equipment in the architectures and saving electric energy [6]. At the same time, the soft film ceiling itself is made of insulating material, which can insulate the electric current, ensure its good safety effect, and adjust the indoor temperature. (2) It has a high spatial density, which can prevent the entry of bacteria and harmful gases, and it can be used in public construction projects, which can effectively inhibit the growth of mold in humid areas such as toilets and kitchens and others. (3) It also has a good sound insulation effect, which can make personal space quieter, can let users prevent noise harassment, and meet their basic needs. The performance parameters of soft film ceiling can refer to Table 1. Meanwhile, the use of the soft film ceiling will not affect the use of light signs, lamps, sprinklers, air conditioning outlets, and other devices.Table 1
Performance parameters of soft film ceiling.
PerformanceNonlongitudinalNo crosswiseFracture strength196.50 kg/cm2220.80 kg/cm2Fracture extension213%309%Tensile strength and splitting extensionR=160dN-A=170%R=200dN-A=255%Mold resistantAflatoxinLevel: 0E. coliAverage antibacterial rate: 92.7%Improving acoustic conditionsIn acoustics, the reflection of 125-250-500-1000-2000 Hz is reduced from 1.5 seconds to 0.7 second, which is the acoustic characteristic of soft film ceilingEnvironment protectionSoft film and corner packaging materials can be recycled; no solvent volatilization; its manufacturing and installation applications use less energy; antistatic; light weight (180 g/m2) long-term stability


### 3.2. Application of Coated Glass

(1) Traditional glass materials can directly absorb solar heat, but the heat dissipation effect is not ideal. Large area use of glass decoration materials will increase the indoor temperature and reduce the indoor environment comfort. (2) The traditional glass material has strong reflection, which will cause strong visual impact on people in daily life and affect the normal operation and work of other architectures and pedestrians around. With the development of energy conversation and environmental protection green decoration materials, as a modern decorative material, low-radiation coated glass has been widely concerned by the society because of its characteristic advantages. This material forms a new energy conversation decorative material by coating the outer surface of glass with metal and matching with corresponding metal mixture. On the one hand, the lighting effect and reflective effect of coated glass are good, which is not much different from the traditional glass materials. At the same time, the low radiation coated glass has good radiation resistance and heat dissipation performance. In public construction projects, the use of coated glass can strengthen the lighting quality of the architectural interior and avoid the impact on the indoor environment quality due to the too strong sunlight in summer, which ensures the indoor environment comfort. Moreover, the coated glass itself has unique physical properties, which can also provide a good indoor temperature environment in the cold winter environment [7]. Not only that, it also has a good performance lower than that of ultraviolet, which can reduce the problem of infrared reflection. According to Table 2, under the same technical parameters, the heat transfer coefficient of single-layer glass is the largest, the second is hollow glass, and the vacuum glass is the smallest; after the low-radiation coated glass is adopted, the overall heat transfer coefficient of the product decreases obviously, especially the heat transfer coefficient of double-layer low-radiation vacuum glass which is the best. There are many production methods of coated glass. Among them, the chemical vapor deposition method is to inject reaction gas into the float glass production line, decompose on the hot glass surface, and deposit evenly on the glass surface to form coated glass. This method is characterized by less equipment investment, easy regulation, low product cost, good chemical stability, and hot processing. It is one of the most promising production methods.Table 2
Heat transfer coefficient, visible light transmittance, and solar heat gain coefficient of common glass.
Types of glassStructure (thickness (mm))Heat transfer coefficient (k) (w·m-2·K-1)Visible light transmittance (%)Solar heat gain coefficient GCSHCommon insulating glass3F+6A+3F3.5~3.5978~80.20.754Heat absorbing insulating glass5X+12A+6F2.7~2.831~610.42~0.54Single-layer sunlight reflecting glass5SR3.7~3.932~430.41~0.50Single-layer low-radiation glass4Low-E3.8~4.076~830.65~0.74Ordinary vacuum glass3F+0.12V+3F2.23~2.572~770.66~0.70Low-radiation vacuum glass4F+0.12V+4L0.81~1.5570~740.63~0.69Double-layer low-radiation vacuum glass4L+0.12V+4L0.7~1.2368~720.60~0.66


### 3.3. Green Stone, Microcrystalline Stone, and Artificial Stone

Stone materials are widely used in decoration, such as the floor and wall of the hotel, the windowsill board of the home, the face plate of the washing table, the stone crossing of the toilet, and the partial shaped wall. The construction technology of stone belongs to assembly installation. It is processed and formed by CNC machine tools in the factory and then installed with supporting fasteners on the project site. The construction efficiency is high, and the cycle is short. Microcrystalline stone or artificial stone shall be selected as far as possible for the space environment of public architectural space, which is more environmental protection. Artificial stone is developed in recent years, which is a pollution-free and environmental protection product synthesized with polymer materials. It is not affected by the ruler difference, which can be connected without leaving a gap. Moreover, it also can be used in any part of the interior decoration modeling, which is not afraid of dampness and deformation. Besides, it has the characteristics of compact, strong wear resistance, smooth and bright, rich color, and acid and alkali resistance, which will not produce the negative effect of pollution. Microcrystalline stone is a new type of environmental protection architectural decoration material, which is generally used in ground decoration. It is made of natural inorganic materials by firing crystal at high temperature whose style is extraordinarily diverse and different sizes [8]. Its production has mostly abundant colors, natural and soft texture, and extremely low water absorption, which is not easy to be polluted. In addition, it also has the better weather resistance, acid and alkaline resistance, bending molding, and economic and durable and environmental protection, which contains the radioactive elements and does not damage the body and other characteristics. According to Table 3, microcrystalline stone has obvious performance advantages and application value.Table 3
Performance comparison of microcrystalline stone, ceramic brick, and stone.
ProjectGraniteMarbleJapanese microcrystalHuanggang microcrystalZhongchen microcrystalDensity (g/cm3)2.6-2.82.-2.72.72.72.65-2.7Bending strength (MPa)15.017.051.051.0740-60Impact strength (kJ/m2)0.840.881.0451.012.45Resistance strength (MPa)60-30090-230120-560585.9549Water absorption (%)0.350.30.000.0570.02Acid resistance 1% H2SO41.010.30.080.0540.08Alkali resistance 1% NaOH0.10.30.050.0310.05Thermalexpansionnumber∗10−7 (°C)50-15080-260658080Frost resistance0.250.230.230.040.028Diffuse reflectance (%)64428281.580


## 3.1. Soft Film Ceiling

The ceiling is more common in the use of public construction projects, which can play a certain aesthetic role. In the past years, the use of ceiling was mostly solid ceiling shape, relatively rigid, and it also needed to be installed in small pieces one by one; its installation process was relatively complicated. The soft film ceiling can be directly installed during installation, which is more convenient. Soft film ceiling is a kind of soft material with strong plasticity. It is fixed by matching small fasteners, which only need to be fixed in the corresponding position by bolts. In the meantime, it also can enhance the three-dimensional and overall sense of the ceiling. Through rich design, diversified patterns, and clear colors, the decorative effect can be improved. Besides, the soft film ceiling also has multifaceted functions: (1) it has the effect of energy conservation and environmental protection, because the surface of the soft film ceiling is extremely concave and convex, which can effectively spread the light source, thus reducing the electric light equipment in the architectures and saving electric energy [6]. At the same time, the soft film ceiling itself is made of insulating material, which can insulate the electric current, ensure its good safety effect, and adjust the indoor temperature. (2) It has a high spatial density, which can prevent the entry of bacteria and harmful gases, and it can be used in public construction projects, which can effectively inhibit the growth of mold in humid areas such as toilets and kitchens and others. (3) It also has a good sound insulation effect, which can make personal space quieter, can let users prevent noise harassment, and meet their basic needs. The performance parameters of soft film ceiling can refer to Table 1. Meanwhile, the use of the soft film ceiling will not affect the use of light signs, lamps, sprinklers, air conditioning outlets, and other devices.Table 1
Performance parameters of soft film ceiling.
PerformanceNonlongitudinalNo crosswiseFracture strength196.50 kg/cm2220.80 kg/cm2Fracture extension213%309%Tensile strength and splitting extensionR=160dN-A=170%R=200dN-A=255%Mold resistantAflatoxinLevel: 0E. coliAverage antibacterial rate: 92.7%Improving acoustic conditionsIn acoustics, the reflection of 125-250-500-1000-2000 Hz is reduced from 1.5 seconds to 0.7 second, which is the acoustic characteristic of soft film ceilingEnvironment protectionSoft film and corner packaging materials can be recycled; no solvent volatilization; its manufacturing and installation applications use less energy; antistatic; light weight (180 g/m2) long-term stability


## 3.2. Application of Coated Glass

(1) Traditional glass materials can directly absorb solar heat, but the heat dissipation effect is not ideal. Large area use of glass decoration materials will increase the indoor temperature and reduce the indoor environment comfort. (2) The traditional glass material has strong reflection, which will cause strong visual impact on people in daily life and affect the normal operation and work of other architectures and pedestrians around. With the development of energy conversation and environmental protection green decoration materials, as a modern decorative material, low-radiation coated glass has been widely concerned by the society because of its characteristic advantages. This material forms a new energy conversation decorative material by coating the outer surface of glass with metal and matching with corresponding metal mixture. On the one hand, the lighting effect and reflective effect of coated glass are good, which is not much different from the traditional glass materials. At the same time, the low radiation coated glass has good radiation resistance and heat dissipation performance. In public construction projects, the use of coated glass can strengthen the lighting quality of the architectural interior and avoid the impact on the indoor environment quality due to the too strong sunlight in summer, which ensures the indoor environment comfort. Moreover, the coated glass itself has unique physical properties, which can also provide a good indoor temperature environment in the cold winter environment [7]. Not only that, it also has a good performance lower than that of ultraviolet, which can reduce the problem of infrared reflection. According to Table 2, under the same technical parameters, the heat transfer coefficient of single-layer glass is the largest, the second is hollow glass, and the vacuum glass is the smallest; after the low-radiation coated glass is adopted, the overall heat transfer coefficient of the product decreases obviously, especially the heat transfer coefficient of double-layer low-radiation vacuum glass which is the best. There are many production methods of coated glass. Among them, the chemical vapor deposition method is to inject reaction gas into the float glass production line, decompose on the hot glass surface, and deposit evenly on the glass surface to form coated glass. This method is characterized by less equipment investment, easy regulation, low product cost, good chemical stability, and hot processing. It is one of the most promising production methods.Table 2
Heat transfer coefficient, visible light transmittance, and solar heat gain coefficient of common glass.
Types of glassStructure (thickness (mm))Heat transfer coefficient (k) (w·m-2·K-1)Visible light transmittance (%)Solar heat gain coefficient GCSHCommon insulating glass3F+6A+3F3.5~3.5978~80.20.754Heat absorbing insulating glass5X+12A+6F2.7~2.831~610.42~0.54Single-layer sunlight reflecting glass5SR3.7~3.932~430.41~0.50Single-layer low-radiation glass4Low-E3.8~4.076~830.65~0.74Ordinary vacuum glass3F+0.12V+3F2.23~2.572~770.66~0.70Low-radiation vacuum glass4F+0.12V+4L0.81~1.5570~740.63~0.69Double-layer low-radiation vacuum glass4L+0.12V+4L0.7~1.2368~720.60~0.66


## 3.3. Green Stone, Microcrystalline Stone, and Artificial Stone

Stone materials are widely used in decoration, such as the floor and wall of the hotel, the windowsill board of the home, the face plate of the washing table, the stone crossing of the toilet, and the partial shaped wall. The construction technology of stone belongs to assembly installation. It is processed and formed by CNC machine tools in the factory and then installed with supporting fasteners on the project site. The construction efficiency is high, and the cycle is short. Microcrystalline stone or artificial stone shall be selected as far as possible for the space environment of public architectural space, which is more environmental protection. Artificial stone is developed in recent years, which is a pollution-free and environmental protection product synthesized with polymer materials. It is not affected by the ruler difference, which can be connected without leaving a gap. Moreover, it also can be used in any part of the interior decoration modeling, which is not afraid of dampness and deformation. Besides, it has the characteristics of compact, strong wear resistance, smooth and bright, rich color, and acid and alkali resistance, which will not produce the negative effect of pollution. Microcrystalline stone is a new type of environmental protection architectural decoration material, which is generally used in ground decoration. It is made of natural inorganic materials by firing crystal at high temperature whose style is extraordinarily diverse and different sizes [8]. Its production has mostly abundant colors, natural and soft texture, and extremely low water absorption, which is not easy to be polluted. In addition, it also has the better weather resistance, acid and alkaline resistance, bending molding, and economic and durable and environmental protection, which contains the radioactive elements and does not damage the body and other characteristics. According to Table 3, microcrystalline stone has obvious performance advantages and application value.Table 3
Performance comparison of microcrystalline stone, ceramic brick, and stone.
ProjectGraniteMarbleJapanese microcrystalHuanggang microcrystalZhongchen microcrystalDensity (g/cm3)2.6-2.82.-2.72.72.72.65-2.7Bending strength (MPa)15.017.051.051.0740-60Impact strength (kJ/m2)0.840.881.0451.012.45Resistance strength (MPa)60-30090-230120-560585.9549Water absorption (%)0.350.30.000.0570.02Acid resistance 1% H2SO41.010.30.080.0540.08Alkali resistance 1% NaOH0.10.30.050.0310.05Thermalexpansionnumber∗10−7 (°C)50-15080-260658080Frost resistance0.250.230.230.040.028Diffuse reflectance (%)64428281.580


## 4. Influence of the Application of Intelligent Wireless Information Technology on the Development of Building Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

In the past, block design was usually used in construction projects, such as hydropower, fire protection, decoration, and other projects independent of each other, which often leads to a series of problems such as cumbersome information and data adjustment and high energy consumption. The intelligent wireless information technology network adopts a design method different from the traditional information network, that is, intelligent interconnection, hierarchical management, and centralized control [9]. This design method can realize the overall planning and adjust the building network structure comprehensively and flexibly. From the initial computer-aided design (CAD) to the later sketch up modeling and then to the combination of building information model BIM and parametric design, it is the process of the construction industry moving towards informatization. BIM technology has formed a data-rich information source for collaborative generation and interconnected maintenance, especially in the energy calculation process and other aspects. In building practice, energy simulation is integrated into the early design process of zero-energy consumption buildings, and the tool is tested on a group of users. In order to fine-tune and develop the design parameters of the template, it is an effective tool to integrate building information and data. Under the background of intelligence and networking, information sharing and interconnection have become increasingly important. For example, the BIM template can be used to design and calculate [10]. The maximum value obtained is the template to neutralize energy consumption by calculating the number of photovoltaic panels required to realize net zero-energy consumption house and realize intelligent adjustment of energy consumption in combination with wireless intelligent management technology. The design of green buildings includes the coordination of many indicators, such as the proportion of green buildings, ecological environmental protection, public transportation, renewable energy utilization, intensive land utilization, renewable water utilization, and waste recycling. Therefore, if the information integration of green building is realized through the BIM model, the collaborative work of design, procurement, construction, operation, and maintenance can be realized, and the analysis, inspection, and simulation of engineering environment, energy consumption, economy, quality, and safety can be supported, which can provide a basis for scheme optimization and scientific decision-making in the whole process of the project. Put it into a building entity model with comprehensive information and wireless interconnection regulation for overall comparison and management; it will provide more convenience for architectural design and help to quickly reflect the decision-making results under the coordination of various indicators in the model. The construction of wireless interconnection will also bring a lot of convenience [11]. For example, robot building technology through intelligent wireless interconnection is a new method and trend of thought in the current construction field. It can replace the heavy and harmful labor, accurately complete the processing and construction of complex shapes, and reduce material waste. Therefore, it is a practical construction method suitable for the development of green buildings.


## 5. Conclusion

The awareness of ecological energy conservation and environmental protection has gradually become a mainstream ideology, and the market demand for energy conservation and environmental protection green decoration materials will be further enhanced, especially for population-intensive public architectures. The selection and construction of architectural decoration materials have a more direct impact on the physical and mental health of its users, so it is necessary to increase the research and development and promotion of new materials and reasonably select energy conservation, and environmental protection green decoration materials can provide people and society with a low energy consumption, ecological, and sustainable architectural space environment [12]. The integration of the IT system improves the production of manufacturing industry. For green buildings, intelligent information integration and wireless interconnection management based on building industry are the future development direction. Wireless Internet information technology will effectively improve the synergy of green buildings in different stages, optimize the fine management of construction projects, meet the needs of green building data interconnection and intersection, and create conditions for quality detection and actual situation simulation.



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*Source: 1360739-2022-03-10.xml*