# Common Fixed Point Theorem of Two Mappings Satisfying a Generalized Weak Contractive Condition

Authors: M. Abbas; M. Ali Khan
Journal: International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
 (2009)

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## Abstract

Existence of common fixed point for two mappings which satisfy a generalized weak contractive condition is established. As a consequence, a common fixed point result for mappings satisfying a contractive
condition of integral type is obtained. Our results generalize, extend, and unify several well-known comparable results in literature.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction and Preliminaries

LetX be a metric space and T:C→C a mapping. Recall that T is contraction if d(Tx,Ty)≤kd(x,y) for all x,y∈X, where 0≤k<1. A point x∈C is a fixed point of T provided Tx=x. If a map T satisfies F(T)=F(Tn) for each n∈N, where F(T) denotes the set of all fixed points of T, then it is said to have property P. Banach contraction principle which gives an answer on existence and uniqueness of a solution of an operator equation Tx=x is the most widely used fixed point theorem in all of analysis. Branciari [1] obtained a fixed point theorem for a mapping satisfying an analogue of Banach's contraction principle for an integral type inequality. Akgun and Rhoades [2] have shown that a map satisfying a Meir- Keeler type contractive condition of integral type has a property P. Rhoades and Abbas [3] extended [4, Theorem1] for mappings satisfying contractive condition of integral type. They also studied several results for maps which have property P, defined on a metric space satisfying generalized contractive conditions of integral type. Rhoades [5] proved two fixed point theorems involving more general contractive condition of integral type (see, also [6, 7]). If maps S and T satisfy F(S)∩F(T)=F(Sn)∩F(Tn) for each n∈N, then they are said to have property Q. Jeong and Rhoades [8] studied the property Q for pairs of maps satisfying a number of contractive conditions.Recently Dutta and Choudhury [9] gave a generalization of Banach contraction principle, which in turn generalize [4, Theorem 1] and corresponding result of [10]. Sessa [11] defined the concept of weakly commuting to obtain common fixed point for pairs of maps. Jungck generalized this idea, first to compatible mappings [12] and then to weakly compatible mappings [13]. There are examples that show that each of these generalizations of commutativity is a proper extension of the previous definition. The aim of this paper is to present a common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible maps satisfying a generalized weak contractive condition which is more general than the corresponding contractive condition of integral type. Our results substantially extend, improve, and generalize comparable results in literature [3, 14, 15].The following definitions and results will be needed in the sequel.Definition 1.1.
LetX be a set, and f,g selfmaps of X. A point x in X is called a coincidence point of f and g if and only if  fx=gx. We will call w=fx=gx a point of coincidence of f and g.Definition 1.2.
Two mapsf and g are said to be weakly compatible if they commute at their coincidence points.Lemma 1.3  (see [16]).
Letf and g be weakly compatible self maps of a set X. If f and g have a unique point of coincidence w (say), then w is the unique common fixed point of f and g.


## 2. A Common Fixed Point Theorem

SetϜ={ϕ:R+→R+:ϕ is a Lebesgue integrable mapping which is summable and nonnegative and satisfies ∫0εϕ(t)dt>0, for each ε>0} and G={ψ:[0,∞]→[0,∞]:ψ is continuous and nondecreasing mapping with ψ(t)=0 if and only if t=0}.The following is the main result of this paper.Theorem 2.1.
Letf,g  be two self maps of a metric space (X,d) satisfying
(2.1)ψ(d(fx,fy))≤ψ(d(gx,gy))-φ(d(gx,gy))
for allx,y∈X, where ψ,φ∈G. If  range of g contains the range of f and g(X) is a complete subspace of X, then f and g have a unique point of coincidence in X. Moreover if f and g are weakly compatible, f and g have a unique common fixed point.Proof.
Letx0 be an arbitrary point of X. Choose a point x1in X such that f(x0)=g(x1). This can be done, since the range of g contains the range of f. Continuing this process, having chosen xn in X, we obtain xn+1 in X such that f(xn)=g(xn+1),n=0,1,2,…. Suppose for any n,g(xn)≠g(xn+1), since, otherwise, f and g have a point of coincidence. From (2.1), we have
(2.2)ψ(d(gxn+1,gxn))=ψ(d(fxn,fxn-1))≤ψ(d(gxn,gxn-1))-φ(d(gxn,gxn-1))<ψ(d(gxn,gxn-1)),
that is, ψ(d(gxn+1,gxn))<ψ(d(gxn,gxn-1)), and hence
(2.3)d(gxn,gxn+1)≤d(gxn,gxn-1).
It follows that {d(gxn,gxn+1)} is monotone decreasing sequence of numbers and consequently there exists r≥0 such that d(gxn,gxn+1)→r as n→∞. Suppose that r>0, then
(2.4)0<ψ(r)≤ψ(d(gxn+1,gxn))=ψ(d(fxn,fxn-1))≤ψ(d(gxn,gxn-1))-φ(d(gxn,gxn-1)),
which on taking limit as n→∞ yields
(2.5)ψ(r)≤ψ(r)-φ(r)<ψ(r),
which is a contradiction. Therefore r=0. Now we prove that {gxn} is a Cauchy sequence. If not, then there exist some ε>0 and subsequences {gxnk} and {gxmk} of {gxn} with k<nk<mk such that d(gxnk,gxmk)≥3ε for each k. As d(gxnk+1,gxnk)→0 as k→∞, for large enough k, we have d(gxnk+1,gxnk)<ε and d(gxmk+1,gxmk)<ε. Thus we obtain
(2.6)d(gxnk+1,gxmk)≥d(gxnk,gxmk)-d(gxnk+1,gxnk)>ε,d(gxnk+1,gxmk-1)≥d(gxnk,gxmk)-d(gxmk-1,gxmk)-d(gxnk+1,gxnk)>ε.
We may assume that nk are even and mk are odd and that d(gxnk,gxmk)>ε for all k. Put
(2.7)rk=min{mk:d(gxnk,gxmk)>ε}.
Now,
(2.8)ε<d(gxnk,gxrk)≤d(gxnk,gxrk-2)+d(gxrk-2,gxrk-1)+d(gxrk-1,gxrk)
implies that d(gxnk,gxrk)→ε as k→∞. Furthermore
(2.9)d(gxnk,gxrk)-d(gxnk,gxnk+1)-d(gxrk,gxrk+1)≤d(gxnk+1,gxrk+1)≤d(gxnk,gxrk)+d(gxnk,gxnk+1)+d(gxrk,gxrk+1)
gives d(gxnk+1,gxrk+1)→ε , as k→∞. Therefore
(2.10)ψ(d(gxnk+1,gxrk+1))=ψ(d(fxnk,fxrk))≤ψ(d(gxnk,gxrk))-φ(d(gxnk,gxrk)).
Taking limit as k→∞ yields
(2.11)ψ(ε)≤ψ(ε)-φ(ε),
which is a contradiction. Hence {gxn} is a Cauchy sequence. From completeness of g(X), there exists a point q in g(X) such that gxn→q as n→∞. Consequently, we can find p in X such that g(p)=q. Now
(2.12)ψ(d(gxn+1,fp))=ψ(d(fxn,fp))≤ψ(d(gxn,gp))-φ(d(gxn,gp))
on taking limit as n→∞ implies
(2.13)ψ(d(q,fp))≤ψ(0)-φ(0),ψ(d(q,fp))=0, and f(p)=q. Hence q is the point of coincidence of f and g.  Assume that there is another point of coincident r in X such that r≠q. Then there exists s in X such that f(s)=g(s)=r.Using (2.1), we have
(2.14)ψ(d(gp,gs))=ψ(d(fp,fs))≤ψ(d(gp,gs))-φ(d(gp,gs))<ψ(d(gp,gs)),
which is a contradiction which proves the uniqueness of point of coincidence; the result now follows from Lemma 1.3Corollary 2.2.
Letf,g be two self maps of a metric space (X,d) satisfying
(2.15)∫0ψ(d(fx,fy))ϕ(t)dt≤∫0ψ(d(gx,gy))ϕ(t)dt-∫0φ(d(gx,gy))ϕ(t)dt
for all x,y∈X, where ϕ∈Ϝ and ψ,φ∈G. If range of g contains the range of f and g(X) is a complete subspace of X, then f and g have a unique point of coincidence in X. Moreover if f and g are weakly compatible, f and g have a unique common fixed point.Proof.
DefineΦ:R+→R+ by Φ(x)=∫0xϕ(t)dt, then Φ∈G and (2.15) becomes
(2.16)Φ(ψ(d(fx,fy)))≤Φ(ψ(d(gx,gy)))-Φ(φ(d(gx,gy))),
which further can be written as
(2.17)ψ1(d(fx,fy))≤ψ1(d(gx,gy))-φ1(d(gx,gy)),
where ψ1=Φ∘ψ and φ1=Φ∘φ∈G. Clearly ψ1,φ1∈G. Hence by Theorem 2.1f and g have unique common fixed point.Now we present two examples in the support of Theorem2.1.Example 2.3.
LetX=[0,1]∪{2,3,4,…},
(2.18)d(x,y)={|x-y|,ifx,y∈[0,1],x≠y,x+y,ifatleastoneofxory∉[0,1],x≠y,0,ifx=y.
Then (X,d) is a complete metric space [17]. Consider f:X→X, and ψ,φ∈G as given in [9]:
(2.19)fx={x-12x2,if0≤x≤1,x-1,ifx>1,(2.20)ψ(t)={t,if0≤t≤1,t2,ift≥1,(2.21)φ(t)={12t2,if0≤t≤1,12,ift≥1.
Let g:X→X be defined as
(2.22)gx={x,if0≤x≤1,x+1,ifx>1.
Assume that x>y and discuss the following cases.
Whenx∈[0,1], then
(2.23)ψ(d(fx,fy))=(x-12x2)-(y-12y2)≤(x-y)-12(x-y)2=ψ(d(gx,gy))-φ(d(gx,gy)).
Taking x in {3,4,…}, and y in [0,1], we obtain
(2.24)ψ(d(fx,fy))=(x-1+y-12y2)2≤(x+y-1)2,ψ(d(gx,gy))=(x+y+1)2,φ(d(gx,gy))=12.
Hence
(2.25)ψ(d(fx,fy))≤ψ(d(gx,gy))-φ(d(gx,gy)).
Now, when x∈{3,4,…}, and y∉[0,1], then
(2.26)ψ(d(fx,fy))=(x-1+y-1)2<(x+y-1)2,ψ(d(gx,gy))=(x+y+2)2,φ(d(gx,gy))=12.
Obviously (2.31) holds. Finally when x=2, we have y∈[0,1], fx=1, and
(2.27)d(fx,fy)=1-(y-12y2)≤1,
so that ψ(d(fx,fy))≤1, then
(2.28)ψ(d(gx,gy))-φ(d(gx,gy))=(3+y)2-12>1≥ψ(d(fx,fy)).
Thus all conditions of Theorem 2.1 are satisfied. Moreover fandg have a unique common fixed point.Example 2.4.
LetX=[0,1] and  f,g:X→X be given as
(2.29)f(x)=25x2+35,g(x)=23x2+13.
Consider ψ,φ∈G as ψ(t)=(1/2)t and φ(t)=(1/10)t. Then we have
(2.30)ψ(d(fx,fy))=210|x2-y2|≤1223|x2-y2|-11023|x2-y2|=ψ(d(gx,gy))-φ(d(gx,gy)).
Note that x=1 is the unique coincidence point of f and g, and f and g are commuting at x=1. Hence all conditions of Theorem 2.1 are satisfied. Moreover, x=1 is the unique common fixed point of f and g.Following theorem can be viewed as generalization and extension of [3, Theorem 3].Theorem 2.5.
Letf be a self map of a complete metric space (X,d) satisfying
(2.31)∫0ψ(d(fx,fy))ϕ(t)dt≤∫0ψ(d(x,y))ϕ(t)dt-∫0φ(d(x,y))ϕ(t)dt
for all x,y∈X, where ϕ∈Ϝ and ψ,φ∈G. Then f has a unique fixed point. Moreover f has property P.Proof.
Existence and uniqueness of fixed point off follows from Corollary 2.2. Now we prove that f has property P. Let u∈F(fn). We shall always assume that n>1, since the statement for n=1 is trivial. We claim that fu=u. If not, then, by (2.31),
(2.32)∫0ψ(d(u,fu))ϕ(t)dt=∫0ψ(d(fnu,f(fnu)))ϕ(t)dt=∫0ψ(d(f(fn-1u),f(fnu)))ϕ(t)dt≤∫0ψ(d(fn-1u,fnu))ϕ(t)dt-∫0φ(d(fn-1u,fnu))ϕ(t)dt≤∫0ψ(d(fn-1u,fnu))ϕ(t)dt=∫0ψ(d(f(fn-2u),f(fn-1u)))ϕ(t)dt≤∫0ψ(d(fn-2u,fn-1u))ϕ(t)dt-∫0φ(d(fn-2u,fn-1u))ϕ(t)dt≤∫0ψ(d(fn-2u,fn-1u))ϕ(t)dt.
Continuing this process we arrive at
(2.33)∫0ψ(d(u,fu))ϕ(t)dt≤∫0ψ(d(u,fu))ϕ(t)dt-∫0φ(d(u,fu))ϕ(t)dt<∫0ψ(d(u,fu))ϕ(t)dt,
which is a contradiction. Hence the result follows.Remark 2.6 s.
Existence and uniqueness of fixed point off in above theorem also follows from [9, Theorem  1].Remark 2.7 s.
(a) It is noted that if mapsf and g involved in Theorem 2.1 are commuting, then they have property Q.
(b) Suzuki  [18] observed that Branciari [1, Theorem  1] is a particular case of Meir-Keeler fixed point theorem [19]. We pose an open problem to see if a link exists between the contractive conditions (2.15) and the Meir-Keeler condition.



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