# Advanced Intelligent Big Data Analytic-Based Automated Layout for Environmental Design Intelligent Sensor Networks

Authors: Xueyong Yu; Heng Yu; Chunjing Liu
Journal: Journal of Sensors
 (2022)

---

## Abstract

In this paper, through the in-depth study of advanced intelligent extensive data analysis and the design of the model of the environment design automatic layout intelligent sensor network, we realize the environment design intuitive layout smart sensor network based on advanced thoughtful and extensive data analysis. According to the non-beacon-enabling CSMA/CA algorithm of the MAC layer of a single node in intelligent sensor network, the analysis model of the node MAC layer of the innovative sensor network based on the Markov chain is established. The mathematical calculation method of node MAC layer delay is obtained through the analysis and calculation of nodes’ Markov state transfer process in this model. By analyzing the internal composition of design grooming, data support, analysis modeling, and platform in environmental design big data and the relationship between each part, the industrial extensive data analysis modeling method system is formed based on the CRISP-DM model, based on which the demand analysis of the industrial comprehensive data analysis modeling platform is carried out, and the overall architecture of the platform is formed; this paper proposes an automatic layout algorithm based on strategy iteration for each. Each type of environment design is modeled, and the layout scheme is sequentially generated. The applicability, aesthetics, and comfort are considered, but the design information provided by the space contour can be regarded to develop a reasonable layout scheme. The experimental results show the rationality and versatility of the automatic layout schemes, proving the practicality and time-saving nature of the work.


---

## Body

## 1. Introduction

The value of big data in various fields has brought opportunities for industry development and driven the development of big data analytics to gain insight into data and conduct in-depth research. Traditional data analysis revolves around relational database management systems, and a series of conventional SQL-based data analysis systems and tools have been derived from the database [1]. The complexity of the data processing process in the era of big data has increased along with the expansion of data scale, and the analytical capability of SQL has become limited and cannot complete the analysis and modeling of data independently, so it needs to move a lot of data-to-data mining tools and analyze and model data with their integrated data mining algorithms, which in turn leads to the problem of reducing the execution efficiency of the data analysis process due to data migration [2]. To cope with the lack of traditional conventional software tools and processing methods, a new multinode master-slave distributed framework data processing model represented by Hadoop was born, with HDFS for data storage and MapReduce computing model, the technical basis for algorithms. HBase storage framework, Spark and Storm, and other computing frameworks have gradually extended the data storage and analysis capabilities of Hadoop, and Walker has implemented machine learning programs based on MapReduce to build and run data mining algorithms such as classification, clustering, and regression on Hadoop [3]. The development of the above-mentioned extensive data analysis and processing tools solves the problem of traditional analysis tools’ weakness in processing big data. Still, there are problems with high professionalism and complicated program code implementation [4]. And data analysts rely on coding to achieve data analysis and application development, which requires a certain degree of learning costs, which makes users who do not have in-depth research on comprehensive data analysis technology at a loss.With the wide application of extensive data analysis in various fields and scientific research, the creator of the vast data analysis process gradually shifts from developers to industrial field personnel. However, the field personnel master the domain knowledge and principle model, but in the face of only providing the calculation framework and analysis library extensive data analysis software, due to its high professionalism, interactive support is not enough, prompting that the development and implementation process needs to pay a lot of time to gradually and repeatedly complete the data processing manually and independently reach from problem analysis to data processing and other aspects of the algorithm and program implementation, resulting in that the efficiency of work is challenging to improve [5]. At the same time, when similar problems recur in the field, it is difficult to reuse the big data analysis tasks developed by combining domain knowledge and expert experience, and writing programs for independent analysis tasks essentially hinders the universality and ease of use of the distributed computing platform, raises the threshold and cost of use, and brings a lot of duplication of work [6]. Therefore, to meet the development needs of big data analytics and promote the deep integration of big data and its applications in various fields, the modeling technology of the extensive data analytics process is studied to fully consider the ease of data analysis, domain complexity, and execution efficiency of big data analytics. It is improving the reusability of typical analysis tasks in the extensive data analysis process, allowing users to focus on domain business analysis logic rather than tool usage in comprehensive data analysis, establishing a domain-oriented reusable and well-structured processing framework for the extensive data analysis process, and relying on the Hadoop platform with distributed storage scale and parallel computing capability to improve the efficiency of comprehensive data analysis [7]. Thus, it assists in extensive data analysis and value discovery in multidisciplinary fields and is essential for building scalable and easy-to-use big data intelligent analysis software systems.When creating a model drawing, designers need to manually arrange a suitable position for the model elements to make the critical information in the picture stand out and the structure of the image more in line with the general reading habits of designers [8]. However, the manual adjustment process is complicated and challenging to achieve the expected results and requires a lot of labor and time. Therefore, the system is needed to provide a series of layout methods that users can choose to assist them in drawing neat and beautiful models, thus improving modeling efficiency. Therefore, studying how to quickly and reasonably layout the built model drawings is necessary [9]. The GEF graphic editing framework is used to develop the architecture modeling tool. Still, the framework comes with a single layout algorithm with few adjustable parameters, which can only lay out simple tree-like diagrams. The layout results cannot fully meet the user’s layout requirements. Some existing layout algorithms and methods for tree diagrams and flowcharts cannot meet the layout requirements of the model diagrams built by this modeling tool, so the current layout algorithms and processes need to be modified and improved according to this architecture modeling tool. This paper proposes a corresponding automatic layout method for model diagrams defined in the architecture tool [10]. The most extensive application of intelligent sensor modules is in the design of various environments. The efficiency, quality, reliability, and safety of the invention in modern design largely depend on the sensors’ performance and processing modules. Smart sensor processing platforms form an interface between the design device and the surrounding environment, providing feedback based on the results of the operations performed. Therefore, sensor systems are widely used in environmental design and play a vital role.


## 2. Related Works

As an aid to deeper understanding and exploration of data, big data analytics is gradually being used as an effective solution for knowledge discovery and valuable information in many fields. The comprehensive data analysis research approach is different from the traditional mathematical model-based approach. Large amounts of data can be analyzed without models and hypotheses [11]. New patterns, knowledge, and laws can be discovered through statistical analysis if there are interrelationships, which often cannot be found in small data or theoretical models. Since the 1990s, complex underlying relationships or embedded models between data have been inferred and searched by statistical or artificial intelligence methods from extensive raw data collections [12]. The existing data mining algorithms are no longer applicable when the size of the data increases and need to be improved by using parallel computing models to speed up the data processing. Therefore, many research institutions, as well as universities and institutes, have actively devoted themselves to the research of high-performance mining algorithms for large-scale datasets, using different techniques to modify and optimize the traditional data mining algorithms, which can make use of the MapReduce parallel computing model of significant data storage architecture to improve the computational operation speed of the model, to meet the current requirements of extensive data mining and analysis [13]. In the face of the rapid development of big data in different fields, promoting the application of big data analytics technology in various areas of value acquisition to encourage the further development of big data analytics, the development of extensive data analytics research as well as tools and platforms is now mainly in both industry and academia. Big data analytics in academia continues to evolve through scientific research and innovation. It proposes new analysis and processing theories and techniques within the framework of big data platforms and processing. However, it exposes users to high technical barriers and complex operations for building composite business processes [14]. A part of it needs to rely on code writing calls for implementation, making it impossible for users without rich experience in data analytics research to get started.Intelligent construction and building intelligence are the development directions in the construction industry. The 21st century has seen rapid economic development, bringing many opportunities to the construction industry and facing more challenges [15]. The current technologies in construction are becoming more and more mature, and the traditional methods with drawbacks are gradually being shed. The future will welcome more and better intelligent methods to solve related problems. A reasonable automatic layout of pipes is essential in complex buildings with many planning requirements. The research on the intuitive layout of environmental design started in the 1980s and 1990s, mainly focusing on the layout of ship pipelines, aerospace engine pipelines, electronic integrated products, etc. [16]. The layout requirements of a building pipeline are different from other pipeline layout requirements, so the layout of the building pipeline can be borrowed from the layout methods of other channels, but the layout methods should be substantially updated and improved according to the actual needs in the building. Automatic layout and mechanical design, which require a reasonable layout of specified designs in a complex and changing environment, are currently popular areas of research [17]. In Magic, draw users can use different plugins to extend its functionality. The advantage of its layout algorithm is that it can place the model elements in the correct position more accurately and arrange the right path for the connecting lines, making the layout of the model drawing neater and more concise. The disadvantage is that the layout algorithm is not targeted, and only a few general layout algorithms are designed to solve all layout problems. However, these available layout algorithms do not consistently achieve good results, and layout failure exists in many cases [18]. For example, some lines will pass through other model elements, and some lines will overlap, making it more difficult for the modeler to distinguish the orientation of the folds.The concept of an intelligent sensor processing platform was first introduced in the 1980s and was initially referred to as a “dexterous sensor system.” The basic idea of sensor systems is to be sensitive to information through sensing elements, determine specific rules converted into electrical signals or other forms of signal output, and complete a certain degree of system processing and transmission functions [19]. Sensor system development is presented roughly through several stages; in the initial sensor system, the sensor unit is generally composed of structural sensing units, the measurement of changes in the physical structure of the sensing unit to reflect changes, such as the displacement of mechanical structures, can generally only transmit analog signals, the circuit is very complicated, the measured error is difficult to control the entire sensor system noise reduction, and calculation mainly relies on hardware circuits to complete the system [20]. In the second generation of sensor systems, the emergence of solid sensing units is primarily composed of semiconductors, magnetic materials, and other materials with unique physical properties; such sensing units have no dynamic structure, and high sensitivity and contactless measurement can be achieved. Such sensing systems enter the digital stage, the extensive use of microprocessors, the measured data processing capacity, and the accuracy of the rise; the software part is mainly realized by several bare-metal programs with low portability, with a certain degree of wired communication capabilities; the third generation of sensor systems is now the mainstream of applications; generally, modular design approach, the flexible use of a variety of sensing units, and the use of embedded operating systems, sensing systems, data processing, and noise reduction functions are all realized by software, significantly reducing the design pressure of the conditioning circuit part and even achieving a more excellent anti-interference performance and further rise in measurement accuracy [21]. Further improve the versatility of the system, portability, through a standardized interface, can achieve networked communication, and sensor system application scenarios have been greatly expanded; the fourth generation of sensor systems was developed through the introduction of the semiconductor manufacturing process, the sensing elements and microprocessors integrated into a standard silicon wafer, and the realization of an SoC (system integrated chip), while being equipped with the corresponding operating system, combined to achieve the computational fusion of measurement data, the automatic calibration of the system automatic compensation, and the related IoT functions [22].


## 3. Automatic Layout of Intelligent Sensor Networks for Environment Design Based on Advanced Thoughtful and Extensive Data Analysis

### 3.1. Advanced Intelligent Big Data Analytic Model Building

Big data analytics is a series of analysis processes to maximize data value for specific domain application scenarios and obtain valuable decision-making information such as basic patterns, trends, and correlations. However, at the same time, big data analytics gradually reveals a situation of polarized knowledge, with data analysts lacking an in-depth understanding of domain business processes and domain personnel relatively lacking in knowledge of data analytics. The traditional general extensive data analytics methodology only provides a set of data mining application methods for practical application. Still, it lacks methodological guidance for integrating the essential domain business representation with the data processing process. Therefore, the planning of extensive data analysis needs to be done jointly by domain business orientation and data drive, i.e., in the process of determining the number of analysis objectives, data understanding, preparation, and modeling to final application in the extensive data analysis methodology; the analysis logic is designed from the decomposition of key business objectives, the analysis process does not stray beyond the goals and requirements of the problem, integrates the business value and data and the completeness of the execution conditions, and transforms it into a solvable data model [23]. The analysis process is transformed into explicable data analysis. Based on the two-layer model of domain-oriented and platform-oriented big data analytic process, big data analytics can be realized by top-down goal decomposition, establishing a domain-oriented big data analytical business process based on the analysis of the interaction and combination relationship of business problems and converting it into platform-oriented big data analytic executable process instances according to the model conversion rules and algorithms. One essential difference between big data analytics nowadays and analytics in the traditional sense is that conventional analytics is based on structured and relational data. And often, a minimal dataset is taken to make predictions and judgments about the actual data. But now is the era of big data, the concept has completely changed, and the extensive data analysis is to store and manage the study of the whole dataset directly. Therefore, the comprehensive data analytical process processing framework is shown in Figure 1. The whole can be divided into user, processing, and execution layers, corresponding to the vast data analytic processes’ construction, mapping, and operation phases.Figure 1
Big data analysis process processing framework.In the construction stage of the extensive data analysis process, this paper defines the subtasks of the complete extensive data analysis process as analysis modules and the significant data analysis process with analysis modules as the smallest reusable unit; the analysis process editor of the user layer provides reliable service column items, makes the analysis modules presented to the user in the form of graphical elements, and defines a set of syntax, semantics, and graphic relations for visual process description. It is convenient for users to visually create and edit domain-oriented extensive data analysis business processes based on the analysis module and to visualize the parameters of each node in the process.In the extensive data analytic process mapping stage, the conversion between process models is realized by the analysis module-based and model-driven model conversion algorithm. The domain-oriented big data analytical business process model is converted to the platform-oriented big data analytic process model; i.e., the model conversion algorithm is used, and according to the consistent correspondence between the user layer analysis module and the processing layer algorithm and the analysis model entity, the big data analytic process is converted from business description to a data processing process. In the operation stage of the extensive data analysis process, the platform-oriented big data analysis process model is instantiated into a process instance that conforms to the execution platform specification based on the analysis module entities corresponding to each node and the input-output pattern information and parameter information. At this point, the user-defined domain-oriented extensive data analysis business process is transformed into a platform-oriented executable process, which can be executed in combination with the execution layer’s computational resources, storage resources, and algorithm resources.We build an extensive data statistics, analysis, and mining platform compatible with specific businesses by adopting current industry-advanced big data processing technologies and models. The big data platform, offline distributed data processing, storage, etc. can be realized through mounting and expansion. The extensive data analysis system completes data statistics and analysis. According to the recommendation model and the needs of the algorithm, the user’s behavior is counted and analyzed by period and geographical area segment. It includes the average viewership rate of the channel, the viewership population in the region of on-demand programs, the number of on-demand broadcasts, the average viewership time of rewatching, etc. The storage and analysis of user behavior play a crucial role in the recommendation of the intelligent system. The architecture of the extensive data analysis system is shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Big data analysis system architecture.In the traditional big data analytics model, each link’s algorithms and program implementation need to write a lot of code, perform independent coding to complete the scheduling, and cooperate between analytical tasks. The domain business-driven extensive data analytics process processing framework breaks the original development model, and the comprehensive data analytics process is expressed by the domain-oriented big data analytics process model, which is converted to the platform-oriented big data analytics process model before the instance of the execution model is put on the execution engine for actual execution [24]. Only the modeling of the domain-oriented big data analytic business process model needs to be completed, and the domain-oriented big data analytical business process model is verified and converted. The process instance is generated and finally submitted to the execution engine for running. In this paper, we use Hadoop as the underlying data processing platform, so the model conversion engine realizes the conversion of the domain-oriented big data analytic business process model to the Oozie-based big data executable process model and then generates executable instances to be submitted to the analytical process execution engine Oozie for execution.


### 3.2. Environment Design Automatic Layout Intelligent Sensor Network Model Design

Creating an interactive relationship between teaching and practice is essential in developing high-level environmental design talent. Many ecological design programs in higher education institutions infuse the teaching process with a practical component, such as field trip courses, to improve students’ basic skills. Reinforcement learning algorithms are divided into value-based and strategy-based iterative principles [25]. Value-based iterative algorithms cannot represent random strategies and often use greedy algorithms to select deterministic strategies. In the operation phase of the extensive data analysis process, the platform-oriented big data analysis process model is instantiated into a process instance that conforms to the execution platform specification according to the analysis module entity corresponding to each node and the input and output pattern information and parameter information. Small changes in output values can cause actions to be fixed or unselected, thus affecting the algorithm’s convergence. Then, furniture layout needs to generate multiple layout schemes for users to choose from. Its optimal strategy is stochastic, which must select different actions with different probabilities. Therefore, the policy gradient algorithm is used here, which directly uses the neural network to learn the policy function πs, i.e., what action should be taken in that state, and for the stochastic policy, the output is the probability value of taking each step, i.e., the conditional probability that
(1)πas=∑p−1as+1.The neural network learns the parameterized policy directly. Its output layer outputs the probability of each action in the form of a probability distribution, like the softmax normalization of the classification process. Here, the strategy function is represented as(2)πas−θ=∑θ=1PrAt−ast−s,where the moment iss, the environment state is s, the parameter is θ, and the probability of output action a is Pt. t=s1,a1,⋯,st,at is a sequence of trajectories in a Markov decision process. Then, its generation probability is
(3)πθ=∑θ=1pθs1,a1,⋯,st,at.The probability of generating a trajectoryτ under the strategy π is further expressed here as
(4)pπ=∑pst−1+πat−st.Now, the goal of the policy gradient algorithm is to find the best set of parameters to represent the policy function and thus maximize the expected value of the cumulative reward, i.e.,(5)θ2=∑argmaxET−Pθstat,(6)RT=∑t=1rst+atT.Specifically, in this paper, using the automatic layout as an environmental feedback model for the current action while adding the cross-entropy loss function for the possibility of active exploration, the parameter update formula of the strategic gradient network is(7)θ=∑∂logπa−s∂−θ+Q−Q0,whereQ0 is the score in the initial state, Q denotes the output of the environmental feedback model, and α indicates the learning rate. A policy gradient network is built for each furniture class during training, and each piece is laid out in order. The actions are selected according to the greedy policy, including the center coordinates, rotation angles, and furniture scaling. The new layout information is obtained and merged with the original state for each furniture layout to reach a new form. The neural network has converged if the parameters change within the threshold value when the network is updated [26]. After completing the activity of the policy network, the piecewise reinforcement learning model is obtained. In the testing process, when the room to be laid out and the corresponding furniture to be laid out is given, the position coordinates, rotation angle, and scaling of each piece of furniture can be output to complete the layout of each piece of furniture, to get the overall layout scheme.The GMF graphical modeling framework provides a set of standard components and runtime framework for developing visual modeling tools. It effectively integrates the business modeling capabilities of EMF and the rich graphical application capabilities of GEF. It also uses the Eclipse plugin platform to provide developers with rich extension capabilities. The development process using GMF is shown in Figure3.Figure 3
GMF development process.The design of the architecture modeling tool is described in detail in three aspects: the organization of the modeling tool, the interface of the modeling tool, and the editing function of the graphical elements. This paper uses Eclipse plugin technology to develop a visual modeling tool based on GMF and GEF graphical modeling frameworks. The device is a set of plugins for the Eclipse platform, with a plain view unique to the Eclipse platform.The primary role of the automatic layout module is to layout the created tree diagram model with different requirements in models such as capability decomposition, mainly including horizontal structure, vertical design, user-defined layout, and subnode layout creation. Considering that there are no rings or loops in the tree diagram, the user is prompted when the model selected by the user contains rings or circles. The user-defined layout is mainly designed to meet users’ unique needs for setting the layer spacing and graphic spacing of node visual elements, graphic size, etc. The automatic layout flowchart design is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Automatic layout flow design.Four layout methods are provided in the automatic layout module to help users effectively layout the model of environment design in various situations [27]. According to the design of the above automatic layout function, the following is the implementation flow of the tree layout algorithm designed to complete the above process: (1) judgment of layout mode: firstly, the layout mode selected by the user should be judged, and the correct layout can be realized subsequently. The layout methods available for users to choose from are horizontal layout and vertical layout. (2) The model graph is abstracted into a directed connected graph to abstract the entity model objects (nodes) in the graph into vertices and the relationship model (connected lines) into directed edges. (3) Specify the directed graph node hierarchy to select the most extended path algorithm to determine the level of each vertex in the graph. (4) Determine whether there are loops in the environment design because the existence of loops is not allowed. Here, to determine whether there are loops in the graph, prepare for the following whether to continue the layout. (5) Minimize the number of edge crossings between adjacent levels of vertices using the K-layer crossing reduction algorithm to adjust the order of vertices between adjacent levels to reduce the number of edge crossings. (6) Determine the horizontal position of the vertices according to the size and interval of the entity model, calculate the coordinates of the corresponding positions of the vertices, and arrange these directed graphs in the entity model as evenly as possible according to the number of nodes. (7) Center the position of the parent node which is the beauty of the environment design; the parent node is in the middle of the corresponding positions of all its children. The root node is in the symmetry axis of the whole graph. (8) Instantiate the directed graph to the model graph. In contrast to step (2), the layout of the directed graph is instantiated to the model graph and displayed in the graph editor.


## 3.1. Advanced Intelligent Big Data Analytic Model Building

Big data analytics is a series of analysis processes to maximize data value for specific domain application scenarios and obtain valuable decision-making information such as basic patterns, trends, and correlations. However, at the same time, big data analytics gradually reveals a situation of polarized knowledge, with data analysts lacking an in-depth understanding of domain business processes and domain personnel relatively lacking in knowledge of data analytics. The traditional general extensive data analytics methodology only provides a set of data mining application methods for practical application. Still, it lacks methodological guidance for integrating the essential domain business representation with the data processing process. Therefore, the planning of extensive data analysis needs to be done jointly by domain business orientation and data drive, i.e., in the process of determining the number of analysis objectives, data understanding, preparation, and modeling to final application in the extensive data analysis methodology; the analysis logic is designed from the decomposition of key business objectives, the analysis process does not stray beyond the goals and requirements of the problem, integrates the business value and data and the completeness of the execution conditions, and transforms it into a solvable data model [23]. The analysis process is transformed into explicable data analysis. Based on the two-layer model of domain-oriented and platform-oriented big data analytic process, big data analytics can be realized by top-down goal decomposition, establishing a domain-oriented big data analytical business process based on the analysis of the interaction and combination relationship of business problems and converting it into platform-oriented big data analytic executable process instances according to the model conversion rules and algorithms. One essential difference between big data analytics nowadays and analytics in the traditional sense is that conventional analytics is based on structured and relational data. And often, a minimal dataset is taken to make predictions and judgments about the actual data. But now is the era of big data, the concept has completely changed, and the extensive data analysis is to store and manage the study of the whole dataset directly. Therefore, the comprehensive data analytical process processing framework is shown in Figure 1. The whole can be divided into user, processing, and execution layers, corresponding to the vast data analytic processes’ construction, mapping, and operation phases.Figure 1
Big data analysis process processing framework.In the construction stage of the extensive data analysis process, this paper defines the subtasks of the complete extensive data analysis process as analysis modules and the significant data analysis process with analysis modules as the smallest reusable unit; the analysis process editor of the user layer provides reliable service column items, makes the analysis modules presented to the user in the form of graphical elements, and defines a set of syntax, semantics, and graphic relations for visual process description. It is convenient for users to visually create and edit domain-oriented extensive data analysis business processes based on the analysis module and to visualize the parameters of each node in the process.In the extensive data analytic process mapping stage, the conversion between process models is realized by the analysis module-based and model-driven model conversion algorithm. The domain-oriented big data analytical business process model is converted to the platform-oriented big data analytic process model; i.e., the model conversion algorithm is used, and according to the consistent correspondence between the user layer analysis module and the processing layer algorithm and the analysis model entity, the big data analytic process is converted from business description to a data processing process. In the operation stage of the extensive data analysis process, the platform-oriented big data analysis process model is instantiated into a process instance that conforms to the execution platform specification based on the analysis module entities corresponding to each node and the input-output pattern information and parameter information. At this point, the user-defined domain-oriented extensive data analysis business process is transformed into a platform-oriented executable process, which can be executed in combination with the execution layer’s computational resources, storage resources, and algorithm resources.We build an extensive data statistics, analysis, and mining platform compatible with specific businesses by adopting current industry-advanced big data processing technologies and models. The big data platform, offline distributed data processing, storage, etc. can be realized through mounting and expansion. The extensive data analysis system completes data statistics and analysis. According to the recommendation model and the needs of the algorithm, the user’s behavior is counted and analyzed by period and geographical area segment. It includes the average viewership rate of the channel, the viewership population in the region of on-demand programs, the number of on-demand broadcasts, the average viewership time of rewatching, etc. The storage and analysis of user behavior play a crucial role in the recommendation of the intelligent system. The architecture of the extensive data analysis system is shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Big data analysis system architecture.In the traditional big data analytics model, each link’s algorithms and program implementation need to write a lot of code, perform independent coding to complete the scheduling, and cooperate between analytical tasks. The domain business-driven extensive data analytics process processing framework breaks the original development model, and the comprehensive data analytics process is expressed by the domain-oriented big data analytics process model, which is converted to the platform-oriented big data analytics process model before the instance of the execution model is put on the execution engine for actual execution [24]. Only the modeling of the domain-oriented big data analytic business process model needs to be completed, and the domain-oriented big data analytical business process model is verified and converted. The process instance is generated and finally submitted to the execution engine for running. In this paper, we use Hadoop as the underlying data processing platform, so the model conversion engine realizes the conversion of the domain-oriented big data analytic business process model to the Oozie-based big data executable process model and then generates executable instances to be submitted to the analytical process execution engine Oozie for execution.


## 3.2. Environment Design Automatic Layout Intelligent Sensor Network Model Design

Creating an interactive relationship between teaching and practice is essential in developing high-level environmental design talent. Many ecological design programs in higher education institutions infuse the teaching process with a practical component, such as field trip courses, to improve students’ basic skills. Reinforcement learning algorithms are divided into value-based and strategy-based iterative principles [25]. Value-based iterative algorithms cannot represent random strategies and often use greedy algorithms to select deterministic strategies. In the operation phase of the extensive data analysis process, the platform-oriented big data analysis process model is instantiated into a process instance that conforms to the execution platform specification according to the analysis module entity corresponding to each node and the input and output pattern information and parameter information. Small changes in output values can cause actions to be fixed or unselected, thus affecting the algorithm’s convergence. Then, furniture layout needs to generate multiple layout schemes for users to choose from. Its optimal strategy is stochastic, which must select different actions with different probabilities. Therefore, the policy gradient algorithm is used here, which directly uses the neural network to learn the policy function πs, i.e., what action should be taken in that state, and for the stochastic policy, the output is the probability value of taking each step, i.e., the conditional probability that
(1)πas=∑p−1as+1.The neural network learns the parameterized policy directly. Its output layer outputs the probability of each action in the form of a probability distribution, like the softmax normalization of the classification process. Here, the strategy function is represented as(2)πas−θ=∑θ=1PrAt−ast−s,where the moment iss, the environment state is s, the parameter is θ, and the probability of output action a is Pt. t=s1,a1,⋯,st,at is a sequence of trajectories in a Markov decision process. Then, its generation probability is
(3)πθ=∑θ=1pθs1,a1,⋯,st,at.The probability of generating a trajectoryτ under the strategy π is further expressed here as
(4)pπ=∑pst−1+πat−st.Now, the goal of the policy gradient algorithm is to find the best set of parameters to represent the policy function and thus maximize the expected value of the cumulative reward, i.e.,(5)θ2=∑argmaxET−Pθstat,(6)RT=∑t=1rst+atT.Specifically, in this paper, using the automatic layout as an environmental feedback model for the current action while adding the cross-entropy loss function for the possibility of active exploration, the parameter update formula of the strategic gradient network is(7)θ=∑∂logπa−s∂−θ+Q−Q0,whereQ0 is the score in the initial state, Q denotes the output of the environmental feedback model, and α indicates the learning rate. A policy gradient network is built for each furniture class during training, and each piece is laid out in order. The actions are selected according to the greedy policy, including the center coordinates, rotation angles, and furniture scaling. The new layout information is obtained and merged with the original state for each furniture layout to reach a new form. The neural network has converged if the parameters change within the threshold value when the network is updated [26]. After completing the activity of the policy network, the piecewise reinforcement learning model is obtained. In the testing process, when the room to be laid out and the corresponding furniture to be laid out is given, the position coordinates, rotation angle, and scaling of each piece of furniture can be output to complete the layout of each piece of furniture, to get the overall layout scheme.The GMF graphical modeling framework provides a set of standard components and runtime framework for developing visual modeling tools. It effectively integrates the business modeling capabilities of EMF and the rich graphical application capabilities of GEF. It also uses the Eclipse plugin platform to provide developers with rich extension capabilities. The development process using GMF is shown in Figure3.Figure 3
GMF development process.The design of the architecture modeling tool is described in detail in three aspects: the organization of the modeling tool, the interface of the modeling tool, and the editing function of the graphical elements. This paper uses Eclipse plugin technology to develop a visual modeling tool based on GMF and GEF graphical modeling frameworks. The device is a set of plugins for the Eclipse platform, with a plain view unique to the Eclipse platform.The primary role of the automatic layout module is to layout the created tree diagram model with different requirements in models such as capability decomposition, mainly including horizontal structure, vertical design, user-defined layout, and subnode layout creation. Considering that there are no rings or loops in the tree diagram, the user is prompted when the model selected by the user contains rings or circles. The user-defined layout is mainly designed to meet users’ unique needs for setting the layer spacing and graphic spacing of node visual elements, graphic size, etc. The automatic layout flowchart design is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Automatic layout flow design.Four layout methods are provided in the automatic layout module to help users effectively layout the model of environment design in various situations [27]. According to the design of the above automatic layout function, the following is the implementation flow of the tree layout algorithm designed to complete the above process: (1) judgment of layout mode: firstly, the layout mode selected by the user should be judged, and the correct layout can be realized subsequently. The layout methods available for users to choose from are horizontal layout and vertical layout. (2) The model graph is abstracted into a directed connected graph to abstract the entity model objects (nodes) in the graph into vertices and the relationship model (connected lines) into directed edges. (3) Specify the directed graph node hierarchy to select the most extended path algorithm to determine the level of each vertex in the graph. (4) Determine whether there are loops in the environment design because the existence of loops is not allowed. Here, to determine whether there are loops in the graph, prepare for the following whether to continue the layout. (5) Minimize the number of edge crossings between adjacent levels of vertices using the K-layer crossing reduction algorithm to adjust the order of vertices between adjacent levels to reduce the number of edge crossings. (6) Determine the horizontal position of the vertices according to the size and interval of the entity model, calculate the coordinates of the corresponding positions of the vertices, and arrange these directed graphs in the entity model as evenly as possible according to the number of nodes. (7) Center the position of the parent node which is the beauty of the environment design; the parent node is in the middle of the corresponding positions of all its children. The root node is in the symmetry axis of the whole graph. (8) Instantiate the directed graph to the model graph. In contrast to step (2), the layout of the directed graph is instantiated to the model graph and displayed in the graph editor.


## 4. Analysis of Results

### 4.1. Automatic Layout Model Analysis of Environmental Design Based on Advanced Intelligent Extensive Data Analysis

In Visual Flow, the underlying domain-oriented big data analytics model and the Hadoop platform-oriented executable process models are directed acyclic graphs. One is distributed storage, and the other is distributed computing. Users can develop distributed programs on their platforms without understanding the underlying details of distribution. It encapsulates the ID, starting node, target node, and the data analysis process to which the node belongs. Adj Matrix Node: Edge’s auxiliary class, adding index property and path value property [28]. In Visual Flow, the nature of the extensive data analysis process is directed graph. Therefore, there are many operations on the directed graph during the execution of the big data analysis process model transformation engine, such as topological sorting and led loop detection: graph transform: the class that converts a data flow graph into a control flow graph, where there is only one transform method; cycle detection: loop detection in directed graphs; topological sort: class for topological sorting of directed acyclic graphs to get the sorting order; and depth-first search: traversal of directed graphs using a depth-first search algorithm to get the order of preorder traversal, postorder traversal, and inverse postorder. Advanced intelligent big data analytics is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Advanced intelligent big data analytics.The automatic layout process demands all aspects of ergonomics, aesthetics, and functionality, so this paper analyzes the rationality of the layout scheme from the following perspectives.(1)
Time-consuming: the time spent is an important criterion to measure the level of automation. Define elapsed time as the time to generate a layout solution given the environment’s design to be laid out(2)
Circulation: according to common sense, practical automatic layout must satisfy the circulation of the whole environment design and the reachability of all plans; that is, all environment strategies must help the reachability, specifically, using the backtracking method to find the path from the environment entrance to each environment design(3)
Functionality: each environment has its core design according to the functional properties. Whether there is a core design is one of the essential factors in measuring the effectiveness of the layout; if there is no core design, it cannot meet the functional attributes of that space(4)
Minimum number of correction steps and minimum correction time: the purpose of the algorithm in this paper is to automate the generation of layout schemes, saving designers a lot of time for layout and adjustment. After the form is automated, the designer can manually make minor adjustments. The minimum number of correction steps refers to the minimum number of steps required for the designer to adjust the layout based on the automatically generated design. Minimum correction time refers to the minimum adjustment time needed for the designer to change the form based on the automatically generated layout manually. The automatic layout dataset is compared with the algorithm shown in Figure6Figure 6
Automatic layout dataset for algorithm comparison.


### 4.2. Environmental Design Automatic Layout Intelligent Sensor Network Model Design Implementation

According to the different applications, the distribution of intelligent sensor network nodes can be used in different ways, and the standard distribution methods are uniform distribution and random distribution. As the distribution of smart devices has the characteristics of wide distribution and a complex geographical environment, the uniform distribution of wireless sensor network nodes used in the smart grid is not in line with the actual situation, and the random distribution of nodes is used in the simulation of this paper. Each packet arriving at a node does not carry the same data, and the packet size also varies. Smart grids require real-time metrics in the range of 10 ms to 200 ms. Considering the idealized assumptions made in the analysis of this paper, such as not assuming the impact of hidden nodes and not believing the time required for packet transmission in the physical medium between nodes, the transmission delay in the actual application of smart grid should be greater than the delay of the simulation analysis, so the upper bound of the multihop wireless sensor network transmission delay in the simulation of this paper is chosen as 30 ms. Other simulation parameters are used in the IEEE802.15.4 standard default value in the actual application of intelligent sensors which can be based on the node requirements of the sampling rate to determine the optimal node’s acquisition data arrival rate to meet the upper bound of the delay requirements and select the number of neighboring nodes, that is, to determine the node density of the sensor network and deployment scheme. The optimal node’s acquisition data arrival rate is shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Optimal node’s collection data arrival rate.Testing JUnit is an open-source Java language unit testing framework. It can unit test the code and generate unit test reports based on unit tests. It has the advantage of writing the codes: you can write a series of test methods to unit test the interfaces or processes in the project. After starting, the tests are automated, the execution results are judged without human intervention, and only the results need to be viewed. Each unit test case is relatively independent, launched by JUnit, and automatically invoked without adding additional call statements. JIRA is a Java-based management system for the project, and transaction tracking tools. It is widely used in several work areas and provides collaborative management features to provide users with an understanding of the project’s progress and improve efficiency. Users can use JIRA to view and record permissions. It has an easy-to-propagate ID system and URL and can be customized for the visualization of processes. The functional testing of the graphical modeling tool focuses on the functionality and the accuracy of the automatic layout of the model. The following practical test of this system was performed by constructing test cases, and the test results are shown in Figure8. The operation of the architecture modeling tool is interactive, and the device should give timely feedback on the user’s process. Each test item is operated 20 times with the mouse in the following, and the average response time is calculated. The response time is recorded in the table mainly for creating, moving, scaling, laying out the model, and parsing and saving the file in the model. From the results of the table, the average response time for most of the operations of the model in the architecture modeling tool is less than 2.5 seconds, and the response time is also within the acceptable range when saving and parsing the model of multiple elements, so this response speed meets the requirements.Figure 8
Automatic layout smart sensor network test comparison.
(a)(b)The sensor in GEF is a set of Edit Part objects; each model object corresponds to an Edit Part object. In the implementation, the abstract factory pattern is used so that decoupling, code repetition reduction, and ease of repair can be achieved; i.e., the Edit Part Factory object is created in this paper to be responsible for creating the corresponding Edit Part object based on a given model object. It can also be used as a container for the canvas. The editor also implements XYL layout’s free drag-and-drop graphics layout, making it easy to record the coordinates of the graphics and mouse positions and information about the coordinates, such as the size of the pictures, when editing graphic elements. Automated layout solution generation saves designers a lot of time in layout and adjustment. After automating the design, the designer can then manually make minor adjustments. The graphical editor in this article comes with a palette, so the toolbox container is implemented by overriding the get Palette Root method, and the toolbox is initialized by the Palette Viewer method. If the nodes at both ends of the line belong to the same layer, first determine whether there are other nodes between the two, there are. If no other node exists, the two nodes are connected directly. If the nodes at both ends of the line are not in the same layer, we first determine whether they are in the adjacent layer. If the two nodes are not on adjacent layers, continue to decide whether they are on the same line (i.e., on the same horizontal line). If they travel across layers, we also need to determine whether there are other nodes between them. If there are other nodes between the two nodes of the cross-layer peer, they are connected to the target node in a fold line from the starting node, bypassing the node between them. If no other nodes exist between the two nodes of the cross-layer peer, they are connected directly. Instantiation of the directed graph to the model graph in the whole layout process is for the directed graph, so the instantiated directed graph after the layout must be displayed in the editor’s model graph. The nodes are more neatly positioned and connected than the flowchart of combat activities before the design.


## 4.1. Automatic Layout Model Analysis of Environmental Design Based on Advanced Intelligent Extensive Data Analysis

In Visual Flow, the underlying domain-oriented big data analytics model and the Hadoop platform-oriented executable process models are directed acyclic graphs. One is distributed storage, and the other is distributed computing. Users can develop distributed programs on their platforms without understanding the underlying details of distribution. It encapsulates the ID, starting node, target node, and the data analysis process to which the node belongs. Adj Matrix Node: Edge’s auxiliary class, adding index property and path value property [28]. In Visual Flow, the nature of the extensive data analysis process is directed graph. Therefore, there are many operations on the directed graph during the execution of the big data analysis process model transformation engine, such as topological sorting and led loop detection: graph transform: the class that converts a data flow graph into a control flow graph, where there is only one transform method; cycle detection: loop detection in directed graphs; topological sort: class for topological sorting of directed acyclic graphs to get the sorting order; and depth-first search: traversal of directed graphs using a depth-first search algorithm to get the order of preorder traversal, postorder traversal, and inverse postorder. Advanced intelligent big data analytics is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Advanced intelligent big data analytics.The automatic layout process demands all aspects of ergonomics, aesthetics, and functionality, so this paper analyzes the rationality of the layout scheme from the following perspectives.(1)
Time-consuming: the time spent is an important criterion to measure the level of automation. Define elapsed time as the time to generate a layout solution given the environment’s design to be laid out(2)
Circulation: according to common sense, practical automatic layout must satisfy the circulation of the whole environment design and the reachability of all plans; that is, all environment strategies must help the reachability, specifically, using the backtracking method to find the path from the environment entrance to each environment design(3)
Functionality: each environment has its core design according to the functional properties. Whether there is a core design is one of the essential factors in measuring the effectiveness of the layout; if there is no core design, it cannot meet the functional attributes of that space(4)
Minimum number of correction steps and minimum correction time: the purpose of the algorithm in this paper is to automate the generation of layout schemes, saving designers a lot of time for layout and adjustment. After the form is automated, the designer can manually make minor adjustments. The minimum number of correction steps refers to the minimum number of steps required for the designer to adjust the layout based on the automatically generated design. Minimum correction time refers to the minimum adjustment time needed for the designer to change the form based on the automatically generated layout manually. The automatic layout dataset is compared with the algorithm shown in Figure6Figure 6
Automatic layout dataset for algorithm comparison.


## 4.2. Environmental Design Automatic Layout Intelligent Sensor Network Model Design Implementation

According to the different applications, the distribution of intelligent sensor network nodes can be used in different ways, and the standard distribution methods are uniform distribution and random distribution. As the distribution of smart devices has the characteristics of wide distribution and a complex geographical environment, the uniform distribution of wireless sensor network nodes used in the smart grid is not in line with the actual situation, and the random distribution of nodes is used in the simulation of this paper. Each packet arriving at a node does not carry the same data, and the packet size also varies. Smart grids require real-time metrics in the range of 10 ms to 200 ms. Considering the idealized assumptions made in the analysis of this paper, such as not assuming the impact of hidden nodes and not believing the time required for packet transmission in the physical medium between nodes, the transmission delay in the actual application of smart grid should be greater than the delay of the simulation analysis, so the upper bound of the multihop wireless sensor network transmission delay in the simulation of this paper is chosen as 30 ms. Other simulation parameters are used in the IEEE802.15.4 standard default value in the actual application of intelligent sensors which can be based on the node requirements of the sampling rate to determine the optimal node’s acquisition data arrival rate to meet the upper bound of the delay requirements and select the number of neighboring nodes, that is, to determine the node density of the sensor network and deployment scheme. The optimal node’s acquisition data arrival rate is shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Optimal node’s collection data arrival rate.Testing JUnit is an open-source Java language unit testing framework. It can unit test the code and generate unit test reports based on unit tests. It has the advantage of writing the codes: you can write a series of test methods to unit test the interfaces or processes in the project. After starting, the tests are automated, the execution results are judged without human intervention, and only the results need to be viewed. Each unit test case is relatively independent, launched by JUnit, and automatically invoked without adding additional call statements. JIRA is a Java-based management system for the project, and transaction tracking tools. It is widely used in several work areas and provides collaborative management features to provide users with an understanding of the project’s progress and improve efficiency. Users can use JIRA to view and record permissions. It has an easy-to-propagate ID system and URL and can be customized for the visualization of processes. The functional testing of the graphical modeling tool focuses on the functionality and the accuracy of the automatic layout of the model. The following practical test of this system was performed by constructing test cases, and the test results are shown in Figure8. The operation of the architecture modeling tool is interactive, and the device should give timely feedback on the user’s process. Each test item is operated 20 times with the mouse in the following, and the average response time is calculated. The response time is recorded in the table mainly for creating, moving, scaling, laying out the model, and parsing and saving the file in the model. From the results of the table, the average response time for most of the operations of the model in the architecture modeling tool is less than 2.5 seconds, and the response time is also within the acceptable range when saving and parsing the model of multiple elements, so this response speed meets the requirements.Figure 8
Automatic layout smart sensor network test comparison.
(a)(b)The sensor in GEF is a set of Edit Part objects; each model object corresponds to an Edit Part object. In the implementation, the abstract factory pattern is used so that decoupling, code repetition reduction, and ease of repair can be achieved; i.e., the Edit Part Factory object is created in this paper to be responsible for creating the corresponding Edit Part object based on a given model object. It can also be used as a container for the canvas. The editor also implements XYL layout’s free drag-and-drop graphics layout, making it easy to record the coordinates of the graphics and mouse positions and information about the coordinates, such as the size of the pictures, when editing graphic elements. Automated layout solution generation saves designers a lot of time in layout and adjustment. After automating the design, the designer can then manually make minor adjustments. The graphical editor in this article comes with a palette, so the toolbox container is implemented by overriding the get Palette Root method, and the toolbox is initialized by the Palette Viewer method. If the nodes at both ends of the line belong to the same layer, first determine whether there are other nodes between the two, there are. If no other node exists, the two nodes are connected directly. If the nodes at both ends of the line are not in the same layer, we first determine whether they are in the adjacent layer. If the two nodes are not on adjacent layers, continue to decide whether they are on the same line (i.e., on the same horizontal line). If they travel across layers, we also need to determine whether there are other nodes between them. If there are other nodes between the two nodes of the cross-layer peer, they are connected to the target node in a fold line from the starting node, bypassing the node between them. If no other nodes exist between the two nodes of the cross-layer peer, they are connected directly. Instantiation of the directed graph to the model graph in the whole layout process is for the directed graph, so the instantiated directed graph after the layout must be displayed in the editor’s model graph. The nodes are more neatly positioned and connected than the flowchart of combat activities before the design.


## 5. Conclusion

In this paper, a detailed analysis of big intelligent data, a detailed design for the architecture modeling tool’s organizational structure, the modeling tool’s interface, and the graphical element editing function are carried out. An automatic layout algorithm suitable for this system is also designed for the layout function of tree diagrams and flowcharts. Through research and analysis of modeling software, a graphical modeling tool for architecture models was implemented on the Eclipse platform using the GEF and GMF visual modeling frameworks, based on the defined architecture modeling metamodel and conceptual language already implemented. The project hierarchy is managed using the project view. The toolbox displays the graphical elements defined in the current model, and the user can create, move, scale, and modify the model’s name in the editing area. According to the non-beacon-enabling CSMA/CA algorithm for the MAC layer of a single node in an intelligent sensor network, a Markov chain-based analytical model of the MAC layer of wireless sensor network nodes is established. The mathematical calculation method of MAC layer delay of nodes is obtained by analyzing and calculating nodes’ Markov state transfer process in this model. The automatic layout algorithm based on imitation learning proposed in this paper can solve the problem of sample efficiency. It can significantly improve the layout efficiency by directly going to learn the existing strategy for the case of a more straightforward environmental structure and layout design. The experimental results demonstrate the layout effect and analyze the superiority of the layout scheme from several angles, proving the algorithm’s rationality and practicality.



---

*Source: 1097888-2022-07-22.xml*