{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-107-11", "question": "下列何種繁殖方式最接近水筆仔的胎生苗繁殖?", "A": "酵母菌的出芽繁殖", "B": "蘭花的組織培養以產生新植株", "C": "山蘇的狍子繁殖", "D": "落地生根的不定芽繁殖", "E": "二葉松以㲑果繁殖", "F": null, "answer": "E", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.225946", "source": "GSAT science - 107", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-107-50", "question": "使用基因改造黃豆的製品皆需於成分中標示。此黃豆改造時, 下列哪一步驟為必經過程?", "A": "分離卵子", "B": "產生重組DNA", "C": "將兩黃豆細胞融合", "D": "黃豆染色體間發生重組", "E": "尋找特殊適應能力的野生種黃豆", "F": null, "answer": "B", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.226054", "source": "GSAT science - 107", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-108-9", "question": "細菌和人體細胞的構造, 有共通性也有歧異性, 下列有關兩者的比較何者正確?", "A": "兩者的細胞內都有高基氏體", "B": "人體細胞沒有細胞壁, 內部的次構造皆用膜包圍", "C": "兩者的細胞核中都有粒線體", "D": "兩者的細胞質中都有核糖體", "E": "細菌沒有細胞膜, 但有細胞壁與外界區隔", "F": null, "answer": "D", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.220303", "source": "GSAT science - 108", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-108-11", "question": "螺旋藻為一種藍綠菌, 而小球藻則為一種綠藻, 螺旋藻及小球藻皆被認為富含人體所需的養分。下列有關這兩者的敘述何者正確?", "A": "兩者的細胞壁主要皆由肽聚糖組成", "B": "螺旋藻以葉黃素, 而小球藻則以葉綠素為主要光合色素", "C": "兩者皆行光合作用光反應產生氧", "D": "在三域系統中螺旋藻是細菌, 而小球藻是植物", "E": "兩者皆具葉綠體", "F": null, "answer": "C", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.220307", "source": "GSAT science - 108", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-109-9", "question": "巴拉刈是一種常用來做為除草劑的強氧化劑, 可抑制光反應電子傳遞的過程。對人來說, 巴拉刈也是劇毒, 如果進入細胞會產生大量的過氧化物。下列敘述何者正確 ?", "A": "巴拉朾分解後產生氧使細胞加速受損", "B": "巴拉刈以吸收電子方式干擾電子傳遞過程", "C": "巴拉朾對植物與動物造成毒害的主要胞器完全相同", "D": "植物在噴灑巴拉刈後仍可持續進行碳反應", "E": "巴拉刈在葉綠體的作用位置主要在基質", "F": null, "answer": "B", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.222178", "source": "GSAT science - 109", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-109-37", "question": "生活於大自然裡, 人們不時可感覺到或看見電的效應, 例如靜電放電、閃電。劇烈天氣常伴隨閃電, 以致強烈對流及降雨的地區閃電頻率較高。除上述現象外, 生物體也利用電來運作, 以達成協調的目的。\n生物體所有細胞膜的兩側均有電位差, 形成膜電位。生物體存活期間, 其細胞都維持一定水平的膜電位, 以確保細胞內之微環境恆定。神經生物學家觀察細胞膜之電位變化, 發現神經細胞受刺激後, 細胞膜局部區域的電位會急遽升高。這項電位改變會沿著軸突傳遞, 引起神經衝動, 也稱為動作電位。動作電位不僅使神經元達成傳遞訊息的目的, 也是肌肉收縮的生理基礎。腦的活動需依靠許多神經細胞集體運作。腦波圖即為腦細胞運作時的電壓 (電位差) 隨著時間變化的紀錄, 常用於醫療診斷或神經科學探究。\n此外, 用電對現代生活不可或缺。日常生活的電能是由其他能量轉換而來, 如何有效地將其他能量轉換成電能一直是科技研究重要課題, 當能量形式的轉換次數愈多,能量損失也愈多, 因此若能經由一次直接轉換成電能, 將可減少能量損失。\n下列有關細胞膜及其電位之敘述，何者正確?", "A": "神經細胞受刺激後, 會產生由細胞本體流向軸突的電流", "B": "在靜止狀態下, 細胞膜的兩側電荷分布相同", "C": "動作電位是神經細胞之間所發生的電位變化", "D": "神經衝動發生時, 軸突上之電位會陸續發生變化", "E": "除了神經元外, 其他細胞之膜不會產生動作電位", "F": null, "answer": "D", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.222526", "source": "GSAT science - 109", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-109-53", "question": "林奈及其後繼者的系統分類中, 任何一個物種均可唯一地被歸類於屬、科、目、綱、門及界等六個層級之一。然而 1990 年代之後,「域」被外加於「界」之上,並普遍為生物學界所接受。下列何者是促成此一行動之關鍵?", "A": "發現DNA病毒", "B": "發現具有雙層脂質外膜的病毒", "C": "發現 RNA病毒", "D": "發現現生古（細）菌較相似於真核生物, 而非（真）細菌", "E": "發現（真）細菌存在的地層比古（細）菌更為古老", "F": null, "answer": "D", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.222684", "source": "GSAT science - 109", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-110-1", "question": "寒流來襲, 某地發生因熱水器使用不當造成的一氧化碳 ( $\\mathrm{CO}$ ) 中毒案例, 幸經施予高壓氧及時救回。依上述說明推測, 何者是 $\\mathrm{CO}$ 導致死亡的主要原因? \\\\ \n", "A": "與 $\\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ 競爭血紅素, 造成碳酸鹽無法排出體外而產生酸中毒", "B": "阻斷神經通往肌肉的傳導, 造成呼吸肌癱㿁而窒息", "C": "抑制糖解作用相關酵素功能, 造成細胞呼吸作用停止", "D": "與 $\\mathrm{O}_{2}$ 競爭電子傳遞鍕釋出的電子, 造成有氧呼吸作用停止", "E": "與 $\\mathrm{O}_{2}$ 競爭血紅素, 造成血氧濃度嚴重不足", "F": null, "answer": "E", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.217683", "source": "GSAT science - 110", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-110-2", "question": "顯微鏡下觀察兔子睪丸切片, 可看到 3 型細胞如下：\n甲、位於細精管間的細胞\n乙、靠近細精管壁內緣的細胞\n丙、靠近細精管腔, 蚪蚪形的細胞\n有關這 3型細胞的敘述, 何者正確?", "A": "丙具有雙套染色體", "B": "乙是甲特化形成", "C": "丙具減數分裂能力", "D": "甲、丙為生殖細胞", "E": "甲大量受損可能導致性激素分泌不足", "F": null, "answer": "E", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.217708", "source": "GSAT science - 110", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-110-37", "question": "為了維持生命與從事各種工作, 人體需要攝取食物與由大氣中獲得氧氣, 來提供能量並調節排除熱量的速率, 以維持正常體溫。因此, 人體可視為一個與周圍環境交互作用的系統, 透過新陳代謝, 將能量 (以下稱之為內能) 儲存與轉換, 並與環境進行功與熱的交換。假設在時間 $\\Delta t$ 內, 某人從事騎車、搬運物品等活動,所做的功為 $\\Delta W$, 而由身體離開的淨熱量為 $\\Delta Q$, 則根據能量守恆定律, 其身體的内能變化量 $\\Delta U$ 將遵守以下關係式: $-\\Delta U=\\Delta Q+\\Delta W$ 。上式除以 $\\Delta t$ 後, 就成為相關各量之時間變化率之間的關係; 一般將 $-\\Delta U / \\Delta t$ 當作此人在上述時間內的代謝率。人在靜止休息時維持基本機能 (含體溫) 所需的最低代謝率, 稱為基礎代謝率。平均說來, 每公斤人體質量的基礎代謝率約為 1.0 瓦特。\n維持人體新陳代謝所需的能量, 是食物被消化後與氧作用所產生的。以碳水化合物 (如葡萄糖) 為例, 將它轉換為人體所需能量的一系列過程, 總結起來可簡單表示如下:\n$$\n\\mathrm{C}_{6} \\mathrm{H}_{12} \\mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \\mathrm{O}_{2} \\rightarrow 6 \\mathrm{CO}_{2}+6 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}\n$$\n其中每公克的葡萄糖在此反應中釋出的能量約為 16 千焦耳, 我們習慣稱此能量為其單位質量的熱量。\n人體透過呼吸運動吸進體內的氣體, 其最主要成分為何? \\\\ \n", "A": "臭氧", "B": "水氣", "C": "二氧化碳", "D": "氮氣", "E": "氧氣", "F": null, "answer": "D", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.217938", "source": "GSAT science - 110", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-110-43", "question": "BrDU 是人工合成的核苷酸, 可被細胞吸收並使用為 DNA 複製原料, 過程中與腺嘌呤配對。四位同學甲～丁依上述提出相關論述：\n甲、BrDU是核苷酸, 結構包括 5 碳糖、含氮嗝基與磷酸\n乙、BrDU在有絲分裂過程中染色體排列於細胞中央時, 被嵌入複製中的DNA\n丙、BrDU與腺嘌呤形成配對, 故在細胞複製DNA時取代尿嘧啶\n丁、細胞完成某次分裂後給予 BrDU, 待再完成一次分裂後, 則所有DNA只有單股含 $\\mathrm{BrDU}$\n何者為論述正確的同學？", "A": "甲 、乙", "B": "甲、丙", "C": "乙、丙", "D": "甲 、丁", "E": "乙、丁", "F": null, "answer": "D", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.217979", "source": "GSAT science - 110", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-111-19", "question": "分析細胞的DNA含量可瞭解組織中細胞的染色體套數或細胞所處之時期。研究者對某一具隻套染色體之生物, 將其DNA以螢光物質染色, 利用DNA含量與螢光強度成正比的原理, 統計組織中不同螢光強度的細胞個數。\n依據上文, 下列對於細胞有絲分裂的敘述, 何者正確?", "A": "細胞分裂完成時, 細胞具雙套染色體, 螢光強度較間期時弱", "B": "細胞DNA複製時, 是處於細胞分裂期", "C": "細胞分裂過程中, 細胞因具單套染色體, 螢光強度最弱", "D": "細胞完成DNA複製時, 細胞具三套染色體, 螢光強度最強", "E": "細胞完成DNA複製後進入間期, 此時螢光強度最強", "F": null, "answer": "A", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.219242", "source": "GSAT science - 111", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-112-13", "question": "取石蓮為材料欲觀察葉片保衛細胞之形態，下列玻片製作法何者最佳？", "A": "將材料以手指折撕", "B": "將材料以牙籤或解剖針塗抹於載玻片", "C": "將材料以小刀徒手切下薄片", "D": "將材料直接放置於載玻片上", "E": "將材料以蓋玻片壓散", "F": null, "answer": "A", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.224897", "source": "GSAT science - 112", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-112-14", "question": "比較大腸桿菌和酵母菌的細胞, 下列何者是它們共同擁有的結構?", "A": "粒線體", "B": "內質網", "C": "細胞核", "D": "高基氏體", "E": "核糖體", "F": null, "answer": "E", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.224901", "source": "GSAT science - 112", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-112-15", "question": "某物種生殖母細胞雙套染色體數為 12 , 下列何者正確?", "A": "該物種卵細胞中的染色體數是 6", "B": "該物種精子中的染色體數是 3", "C": "減數分裂第一階段 (減數分裂I) 之後, 每個子細胞中的二分體數是 12", "D": "減數分裂一開始, 每個生殖母細胞中的同源染色體數是 24 對", "E": "開始減數分裂之稍前, 染色體發生聯會成為四分體數是 48", "F": null, "answer": "A", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.224905", "source": "GSAT science - 112", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}
{"id": "GSAT_biology_test-112-18", "question": "科學家篩到了兩個突變株 (甲和乙), 其果實皆較野生型小。下列有關證實甲和乙突變為同一基因的敘述，何者正確?", "A": "若甲和乙皆為顯性異型合子, 進行互交, 得子代為同樣小果, 則可證實", "B": "若甲和乙皆為隱性同型合子，進行互交，得子代果實較甲乙小，則可證實", "C": "若甲和乙皆為顯性同型合子, 進行互交, 得子代為同樣小果, 則可證實", "D": "若甲和乙皆為隱性同型合子, 進行互交, 得子代為同樣小果, 則可證實", "E": "若甲和乙皆為顯性同型合子, 進行互交, 得子代果實較甲乙小, 則可證實", "F": null, "answer": "D", "explanation": "", "metadata": {"timestamp": "2023-10-23T15:45:29.224917", "source": "GSAT science - 112", "explanation_source": ""}, "human_evaluation": {"quality": "", "comments": ""}}