Gettysburg Konuşması

gettysburg konuşması amerika birleşik devletleri başkanı abraham lincoln tarafından yapılan ve amerika birleşik devletleri tarihinin en ünlü konuşmalarından biridir. amerikan i̇ç savaşı sırasında, konfederasyon güçlerinin birlik güçleri tarafından gettysburg muharebesi'nde yenilmesinden dört buçuk ay sonra 19 kasım 1863 perşembe günü gettysburg, pensilvanya'da gettysburg ulusal mezarlığının kurulması nedeniyle yapılan törende verilmiş bir söylevdir.

konuşma metni

kaynakça

bibliografya 
 barton, william e. (1950). lincoln at gettysburg: what he intended to say; what he said; what he was reported to have said; what he wished he had said. new york: peter smith.
 boritt, gabor (2006). the gettysburg gospel: the lincoln speech that nobody knows simon & schuster. 432 pp. isbn 0-7432-8820-3.
 busey, john w., and martin, david g., regimental strengths and losses at gettysburg, 4th ed., longstreet house, 2005, isbn 0-944413-67-6.
 frassanito, william a. (1995). early photography at gettysburg. gettysburg, pa: thomas publications. isbn 978-1-57747-032-8.
 gramm, kent (2001). november: lincoln's elegy at gettysburg. bloomington: indiana university press. isbn 0-253-34032-2.
 herndon, william h. and welk, jesse w. (1892). abraham lincoln: the true story of a great life (vol ii). new york: d. appleton and company.
 kunhardt, philip b., jr. (1983). a new birth of freedom: lincoln at gettysburg. little brown & co. 263 pp. isbn 0-316-50600-1.
 lafantasie, glenn. "lincoln and the gettysburg awakening". journal of the abraham lincoln association 1995 16(1): 73–89. .
 mcpherson, james m. (1988). battle cry of freedom: the civil war era (oxford history of the united states). oxford: oxford university press. isbn 0-19-503863-0.
 mcpherson, james m. (1996). drawn with the sword: reflections on the american civil war. oxford: oxford university press. isbn 0-19-509679-7.
 murphy, jim (1992). the long road to gettysburg. new york: clarion books. 128 pp. isbn 0-395-55965-0.
 prochnow, victor herbert. ed. (1944). great stories from great lives. freeport: books for libraries press, 1944. isbn 0-8369-2018-x.
 rawley, james a. (1966). turning points of the civil war. university of nebraska press. isbn 0-8032-8935-9.
 reid, ronald f. "newspaper responses to the gettysburg addresses". quarterly journal of speech 1967 53(1): 50–60. .
 sandburg, carl (1939). "lincoln speaks at gettysburg". in: abraham lincoln: the war years new york: harcourt, brace & company. ii, 452–457. asin: b000bpd8gc.
 sauers, richard a. (2000). "battle of gettysburg". in encyclopedia of the american civil war: a political, social, and military history. heidler, david s., and heidler, jeanne t., eds. w. w. norton & company. isbn 0-393-04758-x.
 selzer, linda. "historicizing lincoln: garry wills and the canonization of the 'gettysburg address". rhetoric review vol. 16, no. 1 (autumn 1997), pp. 120–137.
 simon, et al., eds. (1999). the lincoln forum: abraham lincoln, gettysburg, and the civil war. mason city: savas publishing company. isbn 1-882810-37-6.
 white, ronald c., jr. (2005). the eloquent president: a portrait of lincoln through his words. new york: random house. isbn 1-4000-6119-9.
 wieck, carl f. (2002). lincoln's quest for equality: the road to gettysburg. northern illinois university press. 224 pp. isbn 0-87580-299-0.
 wills, garry (1992). lincoln at gettysburg: the words that remade america. new york: simon and schuster. 319 pp. isbn 0-671-76956-1.
 wilson, douglas l. (2006). lincoln's sword: the presidency and the power of words. knopf. 352 pp. isbn 1-4000-4039-6.

temel kaynaklar
 abraham lincoln presidential library foundation, ed. gettysburg replies: the world responds to abraham lincoln's gettysburg address (2015) isbn 1493009125

dış bağlantılar 

 library of congress, gettysburg address exhibit
 gettysburg national military park (gnmp) gettysburg historical handbook
 online lincoln coloring book for teachers and students
 cornell university library exhibit on contemporary newspaper reactions.
 abraham lincoln: a resource guide from the library of congress
 gettysburg address read by sam waterston, matthew broderick, ken burns, david mccullough, stephen lang, paul w. bucha, etc. music by john williams.
 gettysburg address audio performances by jeff daniels, jim getty, johnny cash, colin powell, sam waterston, and w. f. hooley from americanrhetoric.com
 the gettysburg address an online exhibition from the national museum of american history, smithsonian institution
 

abraham lincoln konuşmaları