{"id": 0, "input_1": "However, how frataxin interacts with the Fe-S cluster biosynthesis components remains unclear as direct one-to-one interactions with each component were reported (IscS [12,22], IscU/Isu1 [6,11,16] or ISD11/Isd11 [14,15]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1, "input_1": "In the study by Hickey et al. (2012), spikes were sampled from the field at the point of physiological\nrobinson et al.: genomic regions influencing root traits in barley 11 of 13\nmaturity, dried, grain threshed by hand, and stored at −20C to preserve grain dormancy before germination testing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2, "input_1": "The drug also reduces catecholamine secretion, thereby reducing stress and leading to a modest (10-20%) reduction in heart rate and blood pressure, which may be particularly beneficial in patients with cardiovascular disease.(7) Unlike midazolam, dexmedetomidine does not affect the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3, "input_1": "By clustering with lowly aggressive close kin (King 1989a,b; Viblanc et al. 2010; Arnaud, Dobson & Murie 2012), breeding females may decrease the time/energy cost of maintaining territorial boundaries (Festa-Bianchet & Boag 1982; Murie & Harris 1988), which could ultimately lead to increases in net energy income (TA) or higher allocations in somatic or reproductive functions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4, "input_1": "Ophthalmic symptoms are rare manifestations of the intracranial arachnoid cyst, and include unilateral exophthalmos, visual field abnormality, decreased visual acuity and isolated palsies of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves [1–5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5, "input_1": "Recent studies identified Wee1 as a potential molecular target in cancer cells and the selective small molecule Wee1-inhibitor MK-1775 demonstrated promising results in cancer cells with enhanced levels of Wee1 (96-98).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6, "input_1": "These problems combine to make early diagnosis essential and immediate treatment a necessity, even for the youngest patients [17, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7, "input_1": "Also, results demonstrated that the molecular weight and G/M ratio were important factors in controlling the antioxidant properties of sodium alginate (Şen 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8, "input_1": "Recently, the light-induced method, which is based on the changes of surface wettability of certain materials [12], has been developed and provides amore convenient approach for cell harvesting [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 9, "input_1": "Currently, with advances in radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and surgical techniques, limb-salvage surgery has become an accepted treatment [2–9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 10, "input_1": "…lifetimes, whereas indirect benefits refer to benefits to genetically related recipients; i.e., benefits that increase the inclusive fitness of benefactors but typicaly imply fitness costs that are not compensated during the benefactors’ lifetimes (Hamilton 1964; Trivers 1971; West et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 11, "input_1": "DOI: 10.7554/eLife.08828 1 of 27\nmitochondrial division (Friedman et al., 2011; Korobova et al., 2013; Murley et al., 2013; Korobova et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 12, "input_1": "The remnant of the total plasma membranes after extraction of caveolae is called bulk plasma membranes (40) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 13, "input_1": "We used an active contour algorithm [10] to segment the organs from 340 coronal slices over the two patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 14, "input_1": "For women with competing care-giving responsibilities, this involves allowing them to be accompanied by their children, providing on-site childcare or offering childcare subsidies [64,68,79].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 15, "input_1": "This change accelerates mitochondrial electron transport in the respiratory chain and produces more influx of electrons to the mitochondrial matrix, which in turn produces more ROS and RNS [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–118].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 16, "input_1": "Nevertheless, there is no high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of manipulative therapy for the treatment of CR.([8,17,18]) Shi-style cervical manipulation (SCM) is commonly used to treat CR in China.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 17, "input_1": "Consistent with previous reports (al-Khodairy et al., 1995; Seufert et al., 1995; Tanaka et al., 1999; Biggins et al., 2001), our data showed that Smt3 and Ubc9 have pivotal functions during mitosis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 18, "input_1": "Scp160p has already been implicated in one such network, the SESA (SMY2/EAP1/SCP160/ASC1) network, in the function of a translational activator (11,25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 19, "input_1": "Clinical reports of energetic stress in HCM hearts (14, 15) prompted us to measure mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial copy number, ROS emission/scavenging, and calcium handling in these 2 HCM mouse models.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 20, "input_1": "Previous empirical analyses of subnational consumer subsidies found that a majority of solar adoption was attributable to subsidies (e.g., Hughes and Podolefsky, 2015; Burr, 2016; De Groote and Verboven, 2016; Gillingham and Tsvetanov, 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 21, "input_1": "The third group of proteins might be necessary to cope with the alterations in electron Xow such as NdhD2, OCP, and the thioredoxin-like AhpC (Ohkawa et al. 2000; Kobayashi et al. 2004; Wilson et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 22, "input_1": "These results are consistent with field observations of plasma electrolyte concentrations and thermal behaviour of the lizards Sauromalus hispidus and Uromastix acanthinurus (Grenot 1976; Smits 1984) and laboratory observations of S. hispidus (Smits et al. 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 23, "input_1": "4 lead to a decrease in SC absorption in mice (Deng et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 24, "input_1": "found that SNPs of MMP-1 were linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer [12,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 25, "input_1": "Matricellular proteins are thought to contribute to the organization and biomechanical stability of\nthe ECM by modulating cell-matrix interactions and cell signaling rather than by serving directly as structural components (Bornstein et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 26, "input_1": "The beneficial role of PBM as supportive modality in the management of postmastectomy lymphedema is well established based on strong evidence [15, 16] and recent data suggest its beneficial role concerning radiation-induced oral mucositis [17–20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 27, "input_1": "The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured using flow cytometry of cells stained with 5,5′,6,6′- tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanineiodide (JC-1) (Cossarizza et al., 1993) as described previously (Dymkowska et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 28, "input_1": "The language models were characterN-grams trained using texts from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ) [23], which contains 12.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 29, "input_1": "Cisplatin has dramatically been used as the first line treatment for several types of solid tumors, such as breast, head and neck, ovarian, and lung cancers [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 30, "input_1": "In recent years, a similar genotype shift has been observed in South Korea, northern Vietnam, China, Taiwan and Thailand (Chen et al., 2011; Nam et al., 1996; Nga et al., 2004; Nitatpattana et al., 2008; Pan et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2004; Yun et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2009, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 31, "input_1": "However, localization of additional γ-tubulin that surrounds the centrosomes only during mitosis does require microtubules (McNally and Thomas, 1998; Khodjakov and Rieder, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 32, "input_1": "…is consistent with the currently-held notion that dsRNA targets the gene-specific destruction of mRNA in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells (Fire et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1999; Sanchez-Alvorado and Newmark, 1999; Grishok et al., 2000; Boscher and Labouesse, 2000;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 33, "input_1": "Spermatogonial transplantation was performed and recipients were prepared as described previously [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 34, "input_1": "More examples of contradictory results have been observed in bovines; some reports (Zakhartchenko et al., 2001; Bhuiyan et al., 2004) indicated a significant decrease in blastocyst", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 35, "input_1": "Increasing the number of EPIYA motifs leads to an increase in the level of CagA phosphorylation (Higashi et al., 2002a; Argent et al., 2004, 2008a; Zhang et al., 2005; Naito et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 36, "input_1": ", 2008), and Srebp1/2 are known to interact with Hmgb1/2; their activity has been reported to be enhanced by Hmgb1 (Najima et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 37, "input_1": "This is in keeping with the report of Blickstein et al,[3,15] which showed that the higher the combined twin birthweight the less likely it was to deliver discordant pairs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 38, "input_1": "Coinciding with our results, it has been previously reported that i.p. injections of β-glucan reduced IFN-γ production induced by concanavalin A in mice (Pelizon et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 39, "input_1": "The occurrence of soft tissue tumors in such field of low-dose irradiation (LDRI) has also been emphasized by other authors [50, 52, 53] reporting the development of tumors of the skull bone and neck after exposure to full-mouth diagnostic dental X-ray film [3] and to irradiation for enlarged tonsils [54] and thymus [55].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 40, "input_1": "In this chapter we will present the formalism for these different kinds of beamformers in their scalar form, then develop the formalism for a vector beamformer (Sekihara et al., 2001, Quraan and Cheyne 2010) and an eigenstate-projected vector beamformer (Sekihara et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 41, "input_1": ", 2010), and retromer tubule formation is reported to be maximal at the time of Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion (Cullen and Korswagen, 2012; van Weering et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 42, "input_1": "A serotype-shift occurred over the years with a predominance of DENV-1in 2010, DENV-2 in 2013 and again DENV-1 in 2016 [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 43, "input_1": "Existing applications of neural meanfield models to anesthesiainduced changes in spontaneous EEG rhythmsmostly focused on understanding the dynamical mechanisms underlying bi-phasic responses (Bojak and Liley, 2005; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Steyn-Ross et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 44, "input_1": "In phytophagous arthropods, atranorin was reported to elicit a significant avoidance (Nimis and Skert 2006) or to reduce growth of insect larvae (Pöykkö et al. 2005; Slansky 1979) but no protective effect of atranorin was noticed in snails (Gauslaa 2005; Hesbacher et al. 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 45, "input_1": "…has been undertaken at several locations including the Ganges delta of southern Bangladesh (Wang and Imhoff 1993), Everglades National Park (Simard et al. 2006), Madagascar (Pasqualini et al. 1999), Kakadu and Daintree National Parks in Australia, French Guiana and Malaysia (Lucas et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 46, "input_1": "In [3], the authors show the bandwidth towards the L0 scratchpad memory is around L0Y times larger than the minimal (where each pixel is transferred once from the L1 to the L0 scratchpad memory).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 47, "input_1": "…Takamori et al. (2001)\nEndocrine cells, diencephalon (thalamus);\npresynaptic\nBrainstem catecholaminergic groups\nStornetta et al. (2002a, b); PVN (Herman et al. 2004); ME CRH cells, PP Wittmann et al. (2013)\nNot Viable (die at birth)\nMoechars et al. (2006), WallenMackenzie et al. (2006)\nVGluT3…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 48, "input_1": "Following Carreras (2007) and Koo and Collins (2010), before training we transform the training set trees to be the best achievable within the model class (i.e., the closest projective tree or 1-Endpoint-Crossing tree).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 49, "input_1": "A series of genes (termed exo) involved in succinoglycan biosynthesis have been cloned and sequenced (10, 11, 12, 67, 68, 103, 113).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 50, "input_1": "The main distribution of 13-galactosidase-producing cells in tissues from the different lines is summarized in Table I in parallel with the evaluation of collagen VI expression products in control embryos at different locations (Marvulli et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 51, "input_1": "…a high overlap between PSD-95 and PLCb1 signals in the cerebral cortex, thus confirming a well defined subcellular location for PLCb1, which previously could be only demonstrated by Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions (Taguchi et al., 2007) or electron microscopy (Fukaya et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 52, "input_1": "Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 24 months using the Revised Griffith’s scales of Mental Development [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 53, "input_1": "The antioxidant BHT accumulates predominantly in the lung and induces alveolar epithelial damage because of its action on AEC1 (21), which is followed by the proliferation of pulmonary parenchymal cells resembling human UIP (20,22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 54, "input_1": "However, unlike Cochrane and Saa-Requejo (2000), the authors do not use a Sharpe ratio criterion to restrict the price interval for assets in incomplete markets, but a generalized version of the coherent risk measure first introduced by Artzner et al. (1999). Carr et al. (2001) argue that economic agents will not only invest in any arbitrage opportunity, but also invest in any acceptable opportunity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 55, "input_1": "Stress and the subsequent activation of the HPA axis facilitate the acquisition of cocaine self-administration (Tidey and Miczek, 1997; Mantsch et al., 1998); manipulations of the HPA axis resulting in a reduction of function through pharmacological or surgical means can attenuate the acquisition…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 56, "input_1": "For example, elk may form smaller groups when exposed to wolf predation risk in relatively closed habitats (Creel & Winnie 2005), but form larger groups in open habitats where wolf densities are higher (Gower et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 57, "input_1": "…mechanisms of resistance to CDDP have been described, including reduced intracellular accumulation of CDDP; increased detoxification of CDDP by the thiols, glutathione and metallothionein; increased DNA-repair activity; and increased tolerance to DNA damage (Galluzzi et al. 2012; Kelland 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 58, "input_1": "2000) and in skeletal muscle denervated by transection of the sciatic nerve (Baumeister et al. 1997; Tsukamoto et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 59, "input_1": "Other potentially carcinogenic effects of insulin resistance stem from abnormal levels of glucose and fatty acids, which include: altered intracellular signaling, chronic inflammation resulting from production of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced proliferation of transformed colonocytes due to increased energy supply [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 60, "input_1": "Recent studies have shown that the global flux distribution in oleaginous Chlorella protothecoides and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii remains stable under nitrogen limiting conditions and is controlled by the availability of carbon precursors (Xiong et al. 2010; Fan et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 61, "input_1": "…Lemos et al., 2015) at baseline, allowed for the division of the aMCI group according to an AD-alike pattern of impairment at baseline (Lemos et al., 2015), and was associated with the risk of conversion to AD in follow-up studies (Auriacombe et al., 2010; Petersen, 2007; Sarazin et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 62, "input_1": "While there have been remarkable developments in the last ten years [1–6], structuring large-scale visual data is still an active research area and any improvements would have wide applicability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 63, "input_1": "…2010b), jasmonic acid (JA) (Truman et al., 2007), azeleic acid (AA) (Jung et al., 2009), a CDR1-derived peptide (Xia et al., 2004), plastid glycerolipids (Nandi et al., 2004; Chaturvedi et al., 2008), G3P (Chanda et al., 2011) and an abietane diterpenoid, dehydroabietinal (Chaturvedi et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 64, "input_1": "rural, we calculated the relative prevalence of a missing value by other demographic and fitness variables using logistic regression [49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 65, "input_1": "Consequently, the findings of our study suggest that increased PWV noted in new onset diabetes after kidney transplantation [48,49] may already, at least in part, be present before the transplantation and a result of pre-diabetes or insulin resistance in the uraemic patients awaiting a kidney transplant.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 66, "input_1": "However, even when using adjusted relative risk estimates, PAF estimates can be biased if there are unaccounted confounding factors leadings to overestimation of PAF [51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 67, "input_1": "Other mutations in the sgl locus were identi®ed as demonstrating a cuticle phenotype similar to that of wingless (wg) mutants (HaÈ cker et al. 1997; Haerry et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 68, "input_1": "In a follow-up study using a clinical sample (Amir et al. 2012), individuals with SAD similarly lacked a positive reaction time bias relative to controls without SAD but, interestingly, did not differ in their reaction time to endorse or reject negative interpretations of social sentences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 69, "input_1": "The data on avian influenza outbreaks in Vietnam from 2003 through to 2006 was provided by the Epidemiology Unit of the Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam; the characteristics of this dataset are explained elsewhere [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 70, "input_1": "With regard to family fit, there is evidence that a minority of deaf couples would prefer to have deaf children and would consider using prenatal diagnosis to identify and terminate a hearing fetus (Middleton et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 71, "input_1": "reported that a temporary bite change occurs in most patients the morning after removal of the appliance, and permanent occlusal changes have been observed after longterm treatment with OAs in individual cases [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 72, "input_1": "This study differed from others where NE was achieved in that the birds were given liquid inoculations rather than cultures mixed with feed (Chalmers et al., 2007; Cooper & Songer, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 73, "input_1": "Prolonged imbalance of systemic hemodynamics and insufficient postprandial sympathetic activation might cause PPH (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995; Umehara et al. 2014; Hirayama et al. 1993; Mathias 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 74, "input_1": "…reflect early face processing mechanisms related to the structural encoding of faces (Bentin and Deouell, 2000; Bentin et al., 1996; Eimer, 2000a; Holmes et al., 2003) and has been found to be insensitive to changes in facial expression (Eimer et al., 2003; Holmes et al., 2003) or familiarity…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 75, "input_1": "Our results were consistent with the findings in the literature that visual impairment is common among patients in rehabilitation facilities (Cox et al., 2005; Grue et al., 2009; Lieberman et al., 2004; Lotery et al., 2000; Park et al., 2005; Squirrell et al., 2005; Wainapel et al., 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 76, "input_1": "All femurs were fractured by simulating a fall on the greater trochantor in a modified Hayes-fall configuration (Courtney et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 77, "input_1": "The potential for BCL-xL to modulate other channels in the outer mitochondrial membrane is suggested by the finding that BCL-xL regulates the open state of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in synthetic membranes (Degterev et al., 2001; Vander Heiden et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 78, "input_1": "This is in agreement with some results where different antibiotics led to less negatively charged zeta potential in Gram-negative bacteria as a consequence of modification or complete loss of LPS and/or lipid A from the outer membrane (Winfield et al., 2005; Gooderham and Hancock, 2009; Moffatt et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 79, "input_1": "Depression Assessment The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) [13] is increasingly employed in clinical research since results from earlier studies had suggested that the scale could be superior to the traditional HAMD17 with respect to sensitivity to change [13,14,15] and other psychometric properties [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 80, "input_1": "These results are consistent with findings that there is a selective migration of stimulated lymphocytes to specific effector sites of the mucosal immune system (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 81, "input_1": "To reduce indels at off-target sites, double nicking of opposite strands by the RuvC dead mutant Cas9D10A with two gRNAs has been proposed (Ran et al. 2013a; Shen et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 82, "input_1": "For example, the second version of the Microsoft Kinect (Kinect V2) is one of the most low-cost and high-speed Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors in the market [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 83, "input_1": "GFP-Pex34p, like the peroxisomal matrix protein Pot1p, localized preferentially to a 20,000 × g pellet (20KgP) fraction enriched for mature peroxisomes and some forms of immature peroxisomes (Tam et al., 2003; Vizeacoumar et al., 2003, 2004) (Figure 1B).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 84, "input_1": "In this study, all coated NiTi wires showed more deflection with the unloading force than the loading force, which is consistent with previously reported\nresults (Lim et al., ’94; Krishnan and Kumar, 2004; Elayyan et al., 2008, 2010; Alavi and Hosseini, 2012; Wilkinson et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 85, "input_1": "[8] investigated the thermal decomposition processes of 10 types of natural fibres commonly used in the polymer composite industry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 86, "input_1": "The evaluation of the impact in the accuracy of the node’s response has been performed for each supported frequency by comparing the results with our reference model programmed in Matlab which mimics the node’s architecture and is already used in [3], [4], [5] and [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 87, "input_1": "Mothers with incomplete socio-demographic or labor data (n = 36), caesarean sections (n = 42) or exceptionally long labor (> 24 hours, n = 1) were excluded because labor has been reported to influence lymphocyte distribution [15], leaving 1,397 subjects for this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 88, "input_1": "This conclusion is consistent with the results and conclusions of Fu et al. (2002) who allowed N-22 patients 3 mo to adapt to an octave shift.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 89, "input_1": "…role, with local effects of dust and land surface changes having potentially intensified drought conditions during the Dust Bowl era, although the importance of these factors is still under discussion (McCrary and Randall 2010; Broennimann et al. 2009; Cook et al. 2009; Hoerling et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 90, "input_1": "Another clinically important feature is the length of the MBs, sometimes referred as the width (Mohlenkamp et al. 2002; Ozbag et al. 2002; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 91, "input_1": "This design captured 11,383,697 bp within the non-recombining malespecific Y-chromosome, consistent with regions genotyped by previous Y sequencing studies [41] and the Y positions placed on the phylogenetic tree by the Y Chromosome Consortium [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 92, "input_1": "Straight lines on these semi-log plots are indicative of exponential distributions [4,36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 93, "input_1": "The Extended Yale B [14] dataset contains frontal face images of 38 individuals each under 64 different illumination conditions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 94, "input_1": "2003; Maier 2003), but such capability was rarely reported for cold-adapted isolates (Yakimov et al. 1999; Pini et al. 2007; Cai et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 95, "input_1": "[27], the Lineweaver-Burke equation was used to calculate the maximum deformability (EImax) and the shear stress required for one-half of this maximal deformation (SS K).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 96, "input_1": "Early-fruit removal in cotton has been used to study plant recovery potential and source-sink relation (Dong et al. 2008b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 97, "input_1": "• Even more efficient pure TSP heuristics such as the Lin-Kernighan heuristic (LKH) (Lin and Kernighan, 1973), using the LKH implementation (Helsgaun, 2000, http://www.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 98, "input_1": "Other forms of elevated CK signaling, such as CK application or overexpression of IPT [39, 40] or KNOTTED genes [41], were insufficient to promote tubers in tomato, probably due to inappropriate local hormonal balances or to changing ratios among CK metabolites [42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 99, "input_1": "Although MB morphogenesis involves Dscam variants lacking exons 19 and 23, past studies have shown that the Dscam 19 23 transgene, no matter which ectodomain it carries and whether it is fused with GFP at the C terminus or not, can effectively prevent sister branches from extending into the same axon bundle in single-cell clones of Dscam mutant neurons (Wang et al., 2004; Zhan et al., 2004; Soba et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 100, "input_1": "This finding is different from that in our previous analysis of the original survey data, in which AOD use was unrelated to major depression after controlling for other social and behavioural variables (Mao et al. 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 101, "input_1": "Given that BARE-2 is a chimera between BARE-1 and WIS-2 [25], the likelihood is that sequences adjacent to the arrays must have undergone multiple rounds of recombination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 102, "input_1": "The 28-item Dissociative Experiences Scale–II (DES-II) measures the frequency of psychoform dissociative experiences on a 0–100 scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986; Carlson & Putnam, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 103, "input_1": "Rutin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside, Figure 2) also called sophorin, rutoside, and quercetin-3rutinoside is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, largely extracted from natural sources such as oranges, lemons, grapes, limes, berries, and peaches [30, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 104, "input_1": "topology: a package for performing structural analysis – the current version contains the reporter metabolites algorithm of Patil & Nielsen [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 105, "input_1": "Previous work revealed that Dusp6 mutant mice exhibit increased pERK and Erm expression, skeletal dwarfism, craniosynostosis, and hearing loss [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 106, "input_1": "Butanol tolerance is a complex phenotype involving multiple loci (Makarova et al., 2006; Papoutsakis, 2008; Winkler et al., 2010), making the engineering of strains with enhanced tolerance to this solvent difficult.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 107, "input_1": "pro-hypertrophic effector mechanisms regulated by GATA4 is ANP [14] which is in turn suppressed by sorafenib treatment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 108, "input_1": "Among possible explanations is the contribution of sex hormones in the modulation of Tregs.34\nTreg-mediated local immune evasion underpins the second finding of our study, i.e. the positive association between higher FOXP3-positive T cells and the presence of VELIPI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 109, "input_1": "The most common reported mechanisms are CSF and hematogenous dissemination [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 110, "input_1": "Surveys, based on The Organisational Values Questionnaire (OVQ) developed by Reino [9] and Resistance to Change Scale (RTC) developed by Oreg [8], were sent out to 4 hospital wards in a medical clinic in Sweden.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 111, "input_1": "(Costa et al., 2013; Thabtah et al., 2004), have pointed out that the minsupp threshold often controls the numbers of rules generated and the training time consumed during the rule discovery and production steps.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 112, "input_1": "…and (b) Logical Memory (LM) standard scores for immediate and delayed (30-minute delay) recall subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale— Revised (WMS-R; Wechsler, 1987) with more recent normative data for the LM subtest from the Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS; Ivnik et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 113, "input_1": "Quinolinic acid (Sigma, St. Louis) was used to lesion the hippocampal formation and caudate nucleus (Schwartz et al., 1983) as described (Worley et al., 1986a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 114, "input_1": ", in the massive MIMO regime, the channel becomes (nearly) deterministic and the effect of smallscale fading is averaged out [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 115, "input_1": "Overall, changes in pattern of species richness may disrupt marine biodiversity and ecosystems, and impact commercial fisheries (Roessig et al. 2004; Worm et al. 2006; Cheung et al. 2008b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 116, "input_1": "In addition, a precise supracondylar osteotomy with the desired angle is a technically demanding procedure and placement of a plate requires a rather large incision [4, 10, 17, 19, 23, 30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 117, "input_1": "[46] reported improved model performance to predict the presence of prairie fish species if information on reach and catchment scale are combined.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 118, "input_1": "Insulin resistance, defined as cellular unresponsiveness to the effects of insulin, results in increasingly higher levels of insulin needed to achieve normal glucose levels [1, 4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 119, "input_1": "…reduced engagement of medial temporal regions during the construction of future events in depressed patients (Hach et al., 2014), which is consistent with the reduced episodic detail and vividness of mental imagery that is associated with this disorder (Holmes et al., 2008b; King et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 120, "input_1": "Activated PERK blocks protein synthesis by phosphorylating eIF2α [13], and the phosphorylation makes ATF4, a transcription factor, to translocate into the nucleus, and induce the transcription of genes needed to restore ER homeostasis (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 121, "input_1": "Flow cytometry Flow cytometric analyses were performed on dissociated embryonic pancreatic cells from MIP-GFP mice using FACSAria II (BD Biosciences) (see ESM Methods).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 122, "input_1": "Synchronization is the most commonly-used method [1], [2], [3] to eliminate atomicity violations, which is an important class of concurrency errors [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 123, "input_1": "To assess interobserver variability between two raters of the SYNTAX score, Cohen’s kappa statistics [27] was used after tertile partitioning of their initial SYNTAX scorings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 124, "input_1": "Assigning economic values to an environmental function or ecological service has been widely debated, with researchers employing a variety of methodologies [9–11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 125, "input_1": "The improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of ixazomib compared to bortezomib have made it a focus of investigation for use in combination with other pro-apoptotic agents [11, 14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 126, "input_1": "As the rate of periapical abscesses in the CH group was the same as in the induction study [Cleaton-Jones et al., 2002] but that in the ZOE teeth was a quarter of the induction rate, there is a suggestion that ZOE is superior to CH. The higher success rate may also have been influenced by filling to the apex only, as Holan and Fuks [1993] showed clearly that overfilling with ZOE is detrimental to periapical healing. Tchaou et al. [1996] exposed standard bacterial cultures to 10 root filling materials or combinations of these.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 127, "input_1": "However, as previously discussed, choice of host species has been shown to greatly influence the outcome of a Salmonella infection, and several studies utilizing a variety of advanced model systems have shown that T3SSs are necessary for Salmonella invasion and infection of these models [17,18,19,21,22,23,26,39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 128, "input_1": "We reviewed the radiology reports of two subsets of patients: those undergoing CT thorax (pulmonary embolism [PE] protocol) and those undergoing cervical spine CT.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 129, "input_1": "Thus, herbivory in leaves or roots can induce whole-plant changes in allelochemistry ( Bezemer et al. , 2004; Kaplan et al. , 2008a ), resulting in indirect effects on co-occurring species ( Bezemer et al. , 2003; Soler et al. , 2005, 2007 ; van Dam et al. , 2005 ).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 130, "input_1": "We evaluate our method on two collective activity datasets from [6,7] and a newly recorded dataset collected by ourselves.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 131, "input_1": "…is known to be induced by Ras and repressed by p53 signaling (Li et al. 2008) and is involved in the inactivation of extrinsic as well as intrinsic apoptosis pathways, by interacting with pro-apoptotic proteins like p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, PUMA, MSH2, MSH6 and others (Ludwig-Galezowska et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 132, "input_1": "Similar to Krajcarski et al. (1999), Chiang (in press) concluded that increased muscular activity due to pre-loads leads to increases in trunk muscle stiffness and spine stability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 133, "input_1": "Post-translational modification by this ubiquitinlike modifier (ULM) appears to have multifunctional effects and operates in states of tolerance to preserve homeostasis under stress (Tempé et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 134, "input_1": "Binding of PP1c to scaffold proteins may modulate ion channel activity (44), while at neuronal synapses, neurabins I and II (also termed spinophilin) localize PP1c to the actin cytoskeleton at the plasma membrane (1, 32, 33, 37).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 135, "input_1": "In this study, the unstimulated flow rate was significantly higher in the asymptomatic group; 0.17, when compared with 0.11 in the symptomatic ⁄AIDS group (P = 0.003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 136, "input_1": "5 m plastic boards and were distributed in the field to be used as GCPs for UAS-based image processing [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 137, "input_1": "This last assumption was supported by the thymic model: flutamide exposure has an opposing effect in the thymus as compared with the testis (Olsen et al., 1998; Dulos and Bagchus, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 138, "input_1": "This pattern of shifting N and P availability has been observed in a limited number of established long-term substrate age gradients (e.g. Crews et al. 1995; Wardle et al. 2004; Selmants and Hart 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 139, "input_1": "For the classical ones including DOME and SAFE rules, we used one-shot screening, while for the others, we used a sequential screening setting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 140, "input_1": "As a novel biomechanical analysis from video recordings, a Model-Based Image-Matching (MBIM) motion analysis technique has been introduced to investigate human motion from uncalibrated video sequences (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 141, "input_1": "Other studies suggest that altering affinity to FcRn might alter the bioavailability of mAbs (Deng et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2012), and SC bioavailability appears lower in FcRn-deficient mice as compared to wild type animals (Wang et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 142, "input_1": "The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made based on imaging studies and impaired liver synthetic function [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 143, "input_1": "This may demonstrate retroperitoneal air as streaking opacities in the right upper quadrant and outlining the kidney margins and along the psoas muscle [17, 23, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 144, "input_1": "The insertion of this time delay is critical because in previous work, it has been shown to allow the development of an inhibitory relationship between the outcome and the stimulus that follows; that is, it allows S1 to predict the absence of subsequent O1 delivery and S2 to predict the absence of subsequent O2 delivery; that is, stimuli trained in such manner exhibit properties (such as retardation) identical to those display by other conditioned inhibitors (Rescorla, 1969; Maier et al., 1976; Delamater et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 145, "input_1": "Level 1 patients require immediate lifesaving interventions, level 2 patients are in a high-risk situation, are lethargic, confused, or have severe pain, and levels 3, 4, and 5 patients need many, 1, or no resources, respectively.(19) All adult (ie, 18 years of age) nontrauma patients were eligible for inclusion to the study, if they had an ESI score of 2 or 3 and vital signs within the normal range and presented in 1 of the 2 EDs between May 24, 2007, and February 8, 2011.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 146, "input_1": "The high numbers of all three species found in MT confirm the importance of this large, lowland forest block for primate conservation and further support the proposal to restore the Mngeta conservation corridor between US and Iyondo forest, a lowland to montane forest that is contiguous with MT (Rovero et al. 2012; St. John 2008) and is currently under gazettement as forest reserve (N.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 147, "input_1": "Current evidence also indicates that shear stress activates two MAP kinases by distinct signaling pathways: activation of ERK is mediated by mechanisms involving Gai-2, protein kinases [Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and protein kinase C-e], and Ras, whereas JNK activation requires Gb/g, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-g, tyrosine kinases (Src and FAK), and Ras (11, 14, 15, 22, 37).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 148, "input_1": "…to perform a time calibrated phylogenetic analysis, using three node constraints derived from Santos et al. (2009) in the software Beast 1.7 (Drummond and Rambaut 2007): (1) the divergence between Dendrobates truncatus and Dendrobates auratus was constrained with an uniform prior with an…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 149, "input_1": "Dense Trajectory features are formed by the sequence of displacement vectors in an optical flow field, together with the HoG-HoF descriptor (Laptev et al, 2008) and the motion boundary histogram (MBH) descriptor (Dalal et al, 2006) computed over a local neighbourhood along the trajectory.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 150, "input_1": "…by the release of SPEs and other antigens, which function as superantigens (Proft et al., 2003; Marrack and Kappler, 1990; Talkington et al., 1993; Baxter and McChesney, 2000; Eriksson et al., 1999; Darenberg et al., 2004; Norrby-Teglund et al., 2005; Zurawski et al., 1998; Ekelund et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 151, "input_1": "…negative correlation, such that more positive mean PBR occurred concurrently with a more negative mean NBR, is in agreement with previous studies (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002), suggesting that the magnitude of ipsilateral inhibition increases with the magnitude of increasing…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 152, "input_1": "Mouse IgG 30 lg/ml final concentration was added as control (Schmid et al., 2000; Tang et al., 2006; Yeaney et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 153, "input_1": "…neighbor matrices, PCNM) as predictors in our analyses as these are suggested to produce inflated R2-statistics apparently due to over-fitting (i.e. selection of too many axes,\nwhich may overemphasise the spatial component in the data) even when forward selection is used (Gilbert & Bennett, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 154, "input_1": "c-IAP2, which has been functionally implicated in the inhibition of TNF-mediated death, is transcriptionally regulated by NF-kB (40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 155, "input_1": "In mitochondria LDH and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase do not donate electrons to the respiratory chain, yet in bacteria they are membrane-bound enzymes transferring their electrons directly to ubiquinol (Barnes and Kaback 1970; Lascelles 1978; Doig et al. 1999; Modun and Williams 1999; Dym et al. 2000; Delgado et al. 2001; Fuller et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 156, "input_1": "It is also interesting to note that the proportion of frozenthawed primordial follicles (36%) found after 28 weeks of grafting is comparable to that (41%) found after 3 weeks of grafting [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 157, "input_1": "The results observed in the study carried out by Hallal et al. (2006), which analyzed 4452 Brazilian adolescents, are in accordance with the analyses of Davison et al. (2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 158, "input_1": "Since the first ON1 location in Ontario [Eshaghi et al., 2012], geographical dispersion has been reported worldwide [Choudhary et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 159, "input_1": "We concentrate here on the computational issues, extending the Static Sensor Field model (SSSF) [2], to scenarios in which dynamicity is of relevance.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 160, "input_1": "To alleviate this, wireless-powered strategy is proposed by making use of radiofrequency (RF) signals emitted from other communication nodes to provide stable energy supply for relay nodes [14– 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 161, "input_1": "The explanation for such finding is not clear, since the pellet dissolves within the proventriculus (Nir et al., 1994c), and thus it was not expected that physical form of the diet would have any effect in this portion of the gastrintestinal tract.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 162, "input_1": "This implies that about 40% of the study population living in the North would  benefit  from  increasing  the duration  of  solar  exposure  as presented previously  [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 163, "input_1": "Although they mimic many phorbol ester effects, including inhibition of cell-cell communication (25, 26), they have been reported not to induce differentiation of HL-60 cells (27) or to inhibit maturation of granulosa cells (28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 164, "input_1": "The observed levels of heavy metal variation in soil samples could be attributed to the varying amount of metals in the irrigation water as well as other agronomic practices of the respective areas (Yadav et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 165, "input_1": "There is a gradual increase in the double phosphorylation of the Thr-Glu-Tyr motif, characteristic of activated kinases such as ERK1, 2 and 5 in two proteins of 80 and 105 kDa in capacitating human spermatozoa (de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002; Thundathil et al., 2002, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 166, "input_1": "Homeoproteins contain a highly conserved, 60 amino acid peptide domain known as the homeodomain (McGinnis et al., 1984a,b; Laughon and Scott, 1984), a peptide motif conferring sequence-specific DNA binding ability to the homeoproteins (Laughon and Scott, 1984; Desplan et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 167, "input_1": "In informal experiments, it’s found that only inserting LN cannot achieve satisfactory adaptation results, and inspired by [11], we combine fine-tuning output layer with Full-LN/LRPD-LN based method in the following experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 168, "input_1": "This translocation event is independent of the HBV nucleocapsid and can be subsequently detected on secreted virions and SVP (5, 24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 169, "input_1": "Prominent within the HBC are the balls – events in which the houses come together to compete in various categories for cash prizes and ‘ball status’ (Galindo, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 170, "input_1": "…tRNA selection on the ribosome during protein synthesis (Blanchard et al., 2004) (reviewed in Johansson et al., 2008; Rodnina et al., 2005), acetylcholine receptor desensitization (Dilger and Brett, 1990; Matsubara et al., 1992), and subunit rotation of F0F1-ATP synthase (Diez et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 171, "input_1": "This prolongs the circulation time and potential for interaction of the antigen with APCs and may reduce the need for multiple vaccinations [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 172, "input_1": "For group Lasso we have adapted the implementation presented in [21] whereas for comparisons with standard multiple kernel learning, we have used the GMKL implementation presented by Varma and Babu [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 173, "input_1": "The first of these is a class of appearance-based approaches in which a linear subspace is used to capture the variation of a particular face due variations in illumination [8, 2, 11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 174, "input_1": "Here we use the value of ten (because our previous study showed this is the number of items that can be managed efficiently in the browser’s sidebar [Moreau et al., 2002]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 175, "input_1": "PKCη-C2 domain induces chondrogenic diffe-\nrentiation in hMSCs The C2 domain of PKCη is thought not to affect substrate-specificity of the kinase but instead aid in its localization to membranous systems (Littler et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 176, "input_1": "A rook pivoting scheme as in [3] and [11] can be implemented for tridiagonal matrices, but a full rook scheme for general banded matrices would probably lead to a ”chasing” scheme as in [5] or [15] .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 177, "input_1": "The original architecture proposed in [5] has been improved in [6] by rearranging the detection method (DM) in a modular fashion and by reducing the control management.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 178, "input_1": "The three-sigma signal is triggered when any data point is further than 3 standard deviations away from the overall process average [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 179, "input_1": "Therefore, the equilibrium and stability analysis of neural networks with time delays has been received much interest in recent years [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 25, 24, 30, 21, 22, 23, 33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 180, "input_1": "Some approaches address the cause of aligning both classes and entities simultaneously: the RiMOM [66] and iliads [98] systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 181, "input_1": "Olfactory bulb odorant ORFs These results are consistent with previously reported studies of mitral–tufted cell responses to odorants differing in carbon chain length (Imamura et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 182, "input_1": "Amplified neural activity was connected to an analog-to-digital converter (Cambridge Electronic Design) and passed through an integrator circuit (Shimatani et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 183, "input_1": "If NusA is not present, antitermination still occurs, but in this case there is evidence that antipausing is the mechanism: Restricting elongation rate at the critical release site of an intrinsic terminator by reducing the substrate NTP concentration impairs antitermination in the absence of NusA, but not in its presence (126).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 184, "input_1": "First, depression is observed at all synaptic connections between layer 5 pyramidal neurons even though U varies from 0.1 to 0.95 (Markram and Tsodyks, 1996, Tsodyks and Markram, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 185, "input_1": "Using the identifying restrictions of Baker et al. (2012), I find that the estimated response of the economy to a shock to policy uncertainty is much larger when the last 4 years of data are included in the dataset.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 186, "input_1": "The reversal component requires orbitofrontal cortex (Dias et al., 1996; Fellows and Farah, 2003; Hornak et al., 2004; Izquierdo et al., 2004; Murray and Izquierdo, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 187, "input_1": "As for exposure assessment, underestimation is considered according to the study designs; conversely for outcome and confounding assessment, overestimation is considered (Porta et al. 2009; WHO 2007; Franchini et al. 2004; Giusti 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 188, "input_1": "The TNM staging of the GBC tumors was assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guidelines [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 189, "input_1": "17Recently, Davidsson & Sibbertsen (2002) introduced a model which nests the Error Duration model of Parke (1999). One interpretation of the model is that innovations become alive again once they have died.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 190, "input_1": "The inadequacy of CCS implementation in the primary care setting, which was also reported by physicians’ survey from Italy, France, and Greece [6, 20–25] and by a qualitative study from UK [26], is further strengthened by our results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 191, "input_1": "Further comparison with the distribution of 11 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which is found in the DCT and CNT (4) confirmed the different pattern of expression of RhCG in these segments (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 192, "input_1": "The use of a throat pack increased the risk of developing sore throat by more than 3 times; this finding is in contrast to previous studies in which the presence of a throat pack was not found to be a risk factor in the development of POST.17,18\nOur patients predominantly underwent ENT surgery, in which it is common to use a throat pack to prevent blood from trickling into the stomach and leading to postoperative nausea and vomiting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 193, "input_1": "To block the entire time-course of morphine reward and not just the short time that the animals were in the place-conditioning apparatus immediately after morphine or saline injection, the TPP was reversibly inactivated with the local anesthetic bupivacaine, which has an effect that lasts for at least 2 h (Swerdlow & Jones, 1970; Covino, 1986), compared with the time-course (approximately 30–60 min) of the faster acting anesthetic lidocaine (Covino, 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 194, "input_1": "It is also offering a wealth of new approaches such as emitters [3, 4] and sensors [5-7] in terms of THz applications.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 195, "input_1": "It conditions resistance to penicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam, and its activity is well inhibited by clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam [7, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 196, "input_1": "Because ribbons and short-wavelength folds occur together at the margins of crustal plateaus and show compatible principal strain orientations [Ghent and Hansen, 1999], it is possible that they formed simultaneously, under the principle that the shortest-wavelength tectonic features represent the earliest stages of deformation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 197, "input_1": "I estimate a vector autoregression (VAR) that includes the policy uncertainty index created by Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 198, "input_1": "Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet was measured, calculating the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 199, "input_1": "including non-violent crimes, drug abuse, and impulsive disorder, all had increased risk for violence.[9] These results were in line with the results of the present study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 200, "input_1": "(13) indicated that the segmental BI analysis could be applicable to the estimation of trunk SM volume.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 201, "input_1": "A shifting task was used (Hampshire & Owen, 2006) in which participants had to work out which object was the target in a stimulus set consisting of two faces and two buildings (Figure 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 202, "input_1": "Accordingly, almost all Arabidopsis D-type cyclins (CYCD4;2 being the only exception) contain at least one potential or poor PEST region (Menges et al. 2007) located N-terminal or C-terminal to the cyclin box, or even being present in both locations (Wang et al. 2004; Menges et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 203, "input_1": "…(LING)] thalamus (THA), as well as limbic/paralimbic regions [e.g. insula, superior temporal pole and inferior orbitofrontal cortex] (Table 2), which is in accordance with previous findings on functional brain networks constructed using resting-state fMRI (Achard et al., 2006; He et al., 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 204, "input_1": "q                                   (3) It worth noting that the optimal conductance parameter can be estimated by iterative methods (Tsiotsios and Petrou, 2013), however, we have a fixed κ based on the previous optimization in MRI and DTI studies (Moraschi et al., 2010; Senra et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 205, "input_1": "Overall, combined with the known QOL benefits of physical activity for other cancer survivor populations (7-9), the current study results suggest that interventions that successfully promote lung cancer survivors’ engagement in physical activity may increase their QOL in several domains.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 206, "input_1": "UBC13 (UBE2N) was also identified to interact with RNF168 (Doil et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 207, "input_1": "Sound reflections off the rat’s pinnae create frequency cues that change linearly with vertical position of sound over 60° in the frontal sound field (Koka et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 208, "input_1": "Previous investigations illustrated that a single afferent potential is sufficient to trigger the reflex (Krans and Chapple 2005), that spontaneous afferent potentials that occur during reflex activation of the motoneurons do not reset the reflex (Chapple and Krans 2004), and that the excitatory…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 209, "input_1": "The rats were placed on a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) except normotensive control for 9 weeks by adding 8% NaCl to the feed [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 210, "input_1": "The results after surgical discectomy were generally excellent.((1,7,8,10-14)) Borgesen and Vang reviewed 158 adolescent patients reported in the literature and in their series.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 211, "input_1": "Other sources of stress such as nutrient runoff, sedimentation, overfishing, and ocean acidification appear to interact with heat stress to change the bleaching threshold [11,18,24,25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 212, "input_1": "…on cells of the CA1 subregion (Barnes et al., 1997; Shen et al., 1997; McEchron et al., 2001; Rosenzweig et al., 2003) or have combined the data obtained from the CA1 and CA3 subregions for analytical purposes (Tanila et al., 1997a; Oler and Markus, 2000; Wilson et al., 2003, 2004, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 213, "input_1": "Executive function skills rely heavily on frontal lobe development (Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Casey et al., 1997; Rubia et al., 2003), which has been noted to peak in structural maturation during adolescence (Giedd et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 214, "input_1": "6 See for example studies of Morocco by Haddad and Harrison (1993); Venezuela by Aitken and Harrison (1999); Bulgaria and Romania by Konings (2000); Russia by Yudaeva et al. (2003); the Czech Republic by Kosova (2004); and China by Abraham, Konings and Slootmaekers (2006). In the Chinese case, Abraham, Konings and Slootmaekers (2006) find positive horizontal spillovers for certain types of firms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 215, "input_1": "Tidal freshwater marshes have been found to have higher rates of carbon storage than brackish or saline tidal marshes (Bridgham et al. 2006; Craft 2007; Trulio et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 216, "input_1": "Costunolide (1) has been studied various inhibitory activities of melanogenesis (Choi et al., 2008), production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin6 (Pae et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 217, "input_1": "Measurement of the Tp-Te interval was obtained from leads V2 and V5, corrected for heart rate (cTp-Te).(11) The Tp-Te/QT and cTp-Te/QT ratios were calculated from these measurements.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 218, "input_1": "It may also be that disease activity in psoriasis correlates with levels of CD-associated antibodies (Lindqvist et al., 2002; Woo et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 219, "input_1": "COQN-term anti-COQ7(1-37)specific antibodies were derived using the same protocol but starting with antiCOQ7 (Santa Cruz, sc-135040).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 220, "input_1": "In a second experiment, ten Antarctic prions were rendered anosmic using an injection of zinc sulphate solution into the olfactory chambers (Bonadonna et al. 2001), and ten other birds, acting as controls, were sham-treated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 221, "input_1": "Stem Cell Reports This is an open access arti without the use of transgenes remain dependent on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) (Chan et al., 2013; Gafni et al., 2013; Valamehr et al., 2014; Ware et al., 2014; Duggal et al., 2015; Qin et al., 2016), which is a major property of the primed state (Vallier et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 222, "input_1": "Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was performed for quantitative identification of 6-keto-PGF1 (the stable degradation product of PGI2) and TXB2 (the stable degradation product of TXA2) as described previously (20, 25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 223, "input_1": "…et al. (2003)\nherbimycin A non-receptor type PTK 8–12 10 Leclerc et al. (1997) ERK Pathway CGP78850 competes for Grb2-SH2 0.043 30 Gay et al. (1999); de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002)\nSulindac sulphid Ras-Raf Interaction – 100 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) ZM336372 Raf, competitive inhibition 0.07–…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 224, "input_1": "Mental health status was assessed using the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 (K6) scale [20], a screening scale for psychological distress that can effectively discriminate between cases and non-cases of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) disorders [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 225, "input_1": "…identification and analysis of putative promoter sequence was conducted using the ProScan suite of programs (http://thr.cit.nih.gov/molbio/ proscan/) using the default settings [Prestridge, 2000] as per our previous gene characterization protocols [Philibert et al., 1999; Philibert et al., 2000].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 226, "input_1": "PTOV1 can bind to flotillin-1 (Santamaria et al. 2005) and the 14-3-3 protein (Benzinger et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 227, "input_1": "In general, our results on the effect of contact compounds from grapes differ from those published by other authors (Maher and Thiery 2004a, 2006; Maher et al. 2006; Moreau et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 228, "input_1": "That is, experience can maintain an existing ability (Pascalis et al., 2005), but research is needed that examines whether, and under what conditions, experience leads to the ‘‘re-emergence’’ of perceptual discrimination of previously unfamiliar faces of another species once perceptual narrowing…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 229, "input_1": "Fusion between the virus membrane and the plasma membrane of intact cells can be induced by a drop in pH, and in this case the cells were infected (White et aL, 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 230, "input_1": ", 2000), which interacts with other proteins involved in neuronal migration, cell-signalling and -proliferation (Ishizuka et al., 2006), cytosceletal and synaptic function, neurite extension (Murdoch et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 231, "input_1": "evaluate the semantic clarity of each filter, we chose three benchmark datasets with landmark3/part annotations for training and testing, including the ILSVRC 2013 DET Animal-Part dataset [36], the CUB200-2011 dataset [30], and the Pascal VOC Part dataset [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 232, "input_1": "Overexpression of Skp1 or absence of pathway activity drives the O2 requirement up to 1821% (near ambient level), whereas decreased Skp1 or overexpression of PhyA drives the O2 requirement down to 5% or less [5,10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 233, "input_1": "Earlier, we studied potential four- and three-stranded architectures that may participate in GQ folding pathways (60,61).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 234, "input_1": "The potential tectonic control reported by Finnegan et al. (2008) for the eastern Himalaya has also been suggested for the Eastern Cordillera and the upper Beni region (Safran et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 235, "input_1": "Baird et al. (2007) hypothesize that symbiont community shuffling to clade D may persist only as a result of enduring changes in environmental conditions, e.g. repeated warm summers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 236, "input_1": "…and SR19 (5′-[880]GGGATAGAGACACCAATACC-3′) to yield a 740-bp fragment for exon 3 (the nucleotide numbers in square brackets refer to the deposited genomic DNA sequences) (Ohye et al. 1998; GenBank accession numbers AB017547, for exons 1 and 2, and AB017548, for exon 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 237, "input_1": "Doses were based on pilot studies as well as data reported in the literature (McGregor and Roberts 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 238, "input_1": "Functional status was measured by eight items from the Lawton–Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale [14]: e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 239, "input_1": "Then, the SVM, which has been proven to have high efficiency in classifying the high-dimensional feature in previous studies (Lilleberg et al. 2015, Zhang et al. 2015b), was applied to our proposed model to identify the urban land use types in the TAZs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 240, "input_1": "MMP-2 is considered a constitutively expressed MMP, whereas MMP-9 is expressed at low levels under normal conditions (Gottschall et al., 1995; Yong et al., 1998; Planas et al., 2001) but is induced under pathological conditions, such as cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration (Aoki et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 241, "input_1": ", 2007), and Cytb(6)f complex (Stroebel et al., 2003) were cloned into the AD vector pGADGH to form the mini-library.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 242, "input_1": "2, which can inhibit mDA neuronal differentiation Fgf8, Shh and Otx2, genes involved in the early regional specification, are capable of promoting dopaminergic cell specification in greater abundance in their normal location as well as ectopically in naïve hindbrain or forebrain tissue [13,21,25,28,32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 243, "input_1": "harzianum the qid74 gene encodes a cell wall protein which has an important role in adherence to hydrophobic surfaces and cellular protection [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 244, "input_1": "Several authors stated that genotoxicity induced by environmental pollutants may involve the interaction of them with DNA, either directly or indirectly via the induction of oxidative stress (Gichner et al. 2008; Patnaik et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 245, "input_1": "The results presented here are in general agreement with results previously reported for [3H]DHA (1, 9) and [14C]artemisinin (25) uptake.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 246, "input_1": "Thus, searches can be conducted using Gene Symbols/Names, Keywords (partial terms such as casp for caspase), Keyword Symbols (partial symbols, such as erb for erbb2), OMIM ids (online mendelian inheritance in man [30]), diseases/disorders (such as diabetes), Tissue specificity (tissue expression patterns, such as genes expressed in muscle, derived from UniGene [31]), Gene Accessions, Protein Accessions, Entrez Gene IDs (from Entrez Gene [13]), UniGene Cluster IDs (from UniGene [31]), CDD Domain IDs (from conserved domain database [32]), Gene Ontology IDs (from Gene Ontology [9]), Definitions (from definition lines in GenBank [4]), HUGO IDs (from IDs defined by HUGO [5]), ENSEMBL IDs (from IDs defined by ENSEMBL [3]), SNPs (from dbSNP [33]) and Sequences (nucleic acid and protein sequences).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 247, "input_1": "During RNA degradation, 28S rRNA degrades faster than 18S rRNA, and therefore, the appearance of higher 28S rRNA peaks compared to 18S peaks has been recognized as a sign of preserved RNA quality (Schroeder et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 248, "input_1": "Distractor suppression has previously been shown to strongly affect performance and capacity in both attentional (Bettencourt & Somers, 2009; Pylyshyn, 2006) and VSTM tasks (Vogel et al., 2005; Zanto & Gazzaley, 2009), making it an ideal process to examine the role of resource use across both types of tasks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 249, "input_1": "FCWF cells and fMHV were obtained from Paul S. Masters (Albany, New York). fMHV is a recombinant MHV that contains the ectodomain of the S protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus, with the rest of the genes derived from MHV-A59 (Kuo et al, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 250, "input_1": "They are important tools for the assessment of pathological mechanisms, for the testing of hypotheses that cannot be addressed in clinical studies and for the development of novel pharmacological treatment (Nestler et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 251, "input_1": "The presence of complications associated with IBD is also common as several patients report having fistulas, abscesses, arthritis and dermatological, ocular and gynaecological complaints (e.g. Levine and Burakoff, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 252, "input_1": "Using decompositions similar to those of Caponnetto et al., 2007; Sriperumbudur et al., 2017, we apply concentration inequalities on the general Hilbert space H to get a probabilistic bound on the estimation error of order O( 1\nλ √ n ).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 253, "input_1": "…metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors and the emergence of theta-rhythm and sharp-wave-related network activity, all of which promote state-dependent bidirectional effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity (Qin et al. 2005, Hu et al. 2007, Seol et al. 2007, Vyazovskiy et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 254, "input_1": "R intergenic region. pTH1960 was introduced into RmP110, RmP1710 and RmP1712 through triparental conjugation with the E. coli helper strain MT616 (pRK600) (Finan et al., 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 255, "input_1": "Some concepts of theory contraction and revision are studied, for example, by Alchourr6n, Gardenfors and Makinson in [1], [2], [6], [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 256, "input_1": ", 2004; Van Alstyne and Puglisi, 2007), and MT production through anaerobic processes in the sediment (Lomans et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 257, "input_1": "There are also many other relevant approaches to model-based assurance of security-critical systems which are not based on UML, such as [14, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 258, "input_1": "Tivozanib serum concentrations were determined using a validated HPLC–MS/MS assay [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 259, "input_1": "In this review, 8 studies [2,17-23] addressed the practice and perception of Ramadan fasting and 15 studies [21-35] reported on the metabolic effects of Ramadan fasting on maternal health in healthy pregnant women.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 260, "input_1": "These results are in agreement with a previous report concerning the inhibitory effect of CFTR on VSOR currents in CPAE and COS cells [51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 261, "input_1": "Reports of use of other multikinase inhibitors in sarcoma such as imatinib have not been very encouraging [22] or restricted to a smaller patient sub-population such as use of crizotinib in ALK driven tumors [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 262, "input_1": "To induce acute lung injury, E coli 0111:B4 LPS (1 mg/kg) in PBS was administered into the oropharynx as previously performed (15, 50, 51).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 263, "input_1": "This substance accumulates in adipose tissue due to its lipophilic characteristics, promotes an increase in triglycerides and inhibits the release of adiponectin, increases the release of proinflammatory cytokines through the activation of the pathway JUNK, STAT3 and NFκB (Nappi et al. 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 264, "input_1": "Furthermore, while the N400 event-related potential (ERP) is known to modulated by various semantic effects (Holcomb and Neville, 1990; Kutas and Hillyard, 1980, 1984), our results suggest that earlier components (possibly as early as 200–300 ms) may also contribute to the encoding of object…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 265, "input_1": "…to effectiveness, they must also allow for selectivity in providing benefits (e.g., on the basis of learned attitudes toward more or less ‘‘deserving’’ recipients of benefits), as is required by genetic cost-benefit models such as kin selection (Hamilton 1964) or reciprocal altruism (Trivers 1971).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 266, "input_1": "Preservation of hexokinase-II, inhibition of p53 and suppression of adenine nucleotide transport into the mitochondria are among the possible mechanisms of cardiomyocyte protection by GSK-3β phosphorylation as we discussed elsewhere [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 267, "input_1": "Previous studies have examined direct and indirect effects of Bt toxins in model tri-trophic systems with cruciferous plants, the herbivore Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), and the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Chilcutt and Tabashnik 1997a, b; 1999a, b; Schuler et al. 1999, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 268, "input_1": "IV APAP was associated with fewer potential ORADEs [37] than oral APAP in Cesarean section surgeries (relative risk = 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 269, "input_1": "our approach did not include any cell preselection, neither positive, for CD34+ [8–11], nor negative, against CD3-CD14- [13], nor adherence depletion [1,3], and not even phased culturing [6,12,14]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 270, "input_1": "The aVOR time constant was determined by Wtting slow phase eye velocities with the velocity storage model approach (Dai et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 271, "input_1": "For our implementation, we used HElib [8], which is an implementation of the Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan (BGV) scheme proposed in [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 272, "input_1": "…Schwann cells (tSCs) at the NMJ mediate the compensatory process: they become activated in response to paralysis or denervation (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992) and extend fine processes, the hallmark of tSC activation, that induce and guide terminal sprouts (Son and Thompson, 1995a; Ko and Chen, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 273, "input_1": "Cowan et al. (2004) calculated PD interval by counting HUES-7 periodically over 7 days without passaging, while Amit et al. (2004) achieved efficient separation of H-9 and feeders by exploiting the tolerance of this line to collagenase-passaging on low density MEFs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 274, "input_1": "Manganese superoxide dismutase, fibronectin ELISA and SIRT1 enzyme activity assay Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and fibronectin (FN) ELISAs were performed using commercially available kits [26, 43].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 275, "input_1": "DiVerent studies on SVCT2 in mouse, rat and human cells have shown either a single immunoreactive band of 50,000 Da (Li et al. 2003; Godoy et al. 2007; Savini et al. 2007a) or a 65,000–75,000 Da doublet, possibly due to glycosylation (Garcia Mde et al. 2005; Savini et al. 2007b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 276, "input_1": "1, data not shown), suggesting that epithelial cell apoptosis induced by reovirus 1/L is limited (19, 20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 277, "input_1": "involving phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase (53), protein ki* Corresponding author.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 278, "input_1": "Increased expression of Smad6 and Smad7 has also been described in human pancreatic and prostate carcinomas [20,21], respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 279, "input_1": "This seems inconsistent with the purely brittle, spatially localized faulting that characterizes ribbon structures [Hansen and Willis, 1996, 1998, and references therein; Ghent and Hansen, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 280, "input_1": "The exponent of the power law correlation is considered a measure of the magnitude of the Matthew Effect (Katz 1999; Ronda-Pupo and Katz 2016c; van Raan 2013) mathematically described in the following way.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 281, "input_1": "HPLC analysis of phosphoinositides was performed by 32P labeling of cells, extraction of lipids, deacylation of lipids and HPLC analysis of glycero-phosphoinositides as previously described (Serunian et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 282, "input_1": "Experiment 1\nThe purpose of Experiment 1 was to examine whether we could replicate the general pattern of results found by Pascalis and colleagues (Pascalis et al., 2002; Pascalis et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 283, "input_1": "It is likely that PCM-1 granules moving along polymerized microtubules are protein complexes that are shuttling between the cytosol and the centrosome to transport molecules into the centrosome (19,20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 284, "input_1": "Previous studies have published on the relationship between markers of ECM remodelling with CHD [5,6,29], but the results have been inconsistent with studies reporting either a positive or null effect while others have shown that markers of inflammation largely confound the association.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 285, "input_1": "Apigenin inhibits the expression and transcriptional activity of HIF-1a by modulating several pathways [127– 129] or by inhibiting CK2 activity [61, 130] in different cancer cell lines.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 286, "input_1": "The pigs were killed at the end of the infusion, and tissue was collected as previously described (10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 287, "input_1": "In the study of Park et al., 2005 it was proposed that IFN-γ employs the MEK/ERK signalling pathway to induce NF-κB activation in BV2-cells (Park\net al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 288, "input_1": "These aspects are particularly important for modeling induction and near-DC remote sensors for deep probing of generally anisotropic and conductive geophysical media [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 289, "input_1": "…even if the higher estimate is more realistic, the population of the Udzungwa red colobus is by no means secure; its range is very limited, its populations are fragmented and discontinuous, and the threats from further habitat loss and human disturbance continued undiminished (Rovero et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 290, "input_1": "…hair cells (which differ from ‘short’ hair cells with respect to the location of the stereovillar bundle within the apical hair cell surface; Smith et al., 1985) are present in the two species, we measured the distance of the stereovillar bundle from the hair cell border (in the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 291, "input_1": "Finally we show that, from a single input image, we are able to generate the basis images employed by a number of illumination-insensitive recognition algorithms (Illumination Cone [8], Harmonic Images [2] and Nine Points of Light[11]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 292, "input_1": "Predisposing factors associated with NE have been used in challenges to increase the potential for disease replication with varying results (Olkowski et al., 2006; Chalmers et al., 2007; Gholamiandehkordi et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 293, "input_1": "well with the characteristics of tryptophan fluorescence spectra (Boubellouta and Dufour 2008), which is present in meat proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 294, "input_1": "In addition, gstA harbours sequences upstream of the initial ATG with similarity to the xenobiotic (XRE) and antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) involved in regulation of mammalian GSTs (Hayes and Pulford, 1995; Rushmore et al., 1991; Rushmore and Pickett, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 295, "input_1": "5, TBX5) have been identified to be associated with AF by genome wide association studies (GWAS) [16, 18, 22, 25, 39, 46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 296, "input_1": "Fetal rat lung fibroblasts were isolated from e19 Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured at 37°C in chamber slides, six-well plates, and 100-mm dishes, as described by us previously (21, 36, 38).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 297, "input_1": "Static Single Assignment (SSA) [2] is a standard program representation used in modern optimizing compilers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 298, "input_1": "Although a back-reaction from hL to hKL was not explicitly included in the model, it was noted that such a reaction could contribute to the long-lived HOOP modes (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 299, "input_1": "We adopt the Workflow Reference Model [23] which describes the major functional components, interfaces, and information interchange flows of a general workflow management system (WfMS).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 300, "input_1": "In the numerical experiments, we set, as suggested in [16], β = 10−2, η = 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 301, "input_1": "…of ER-mitochondria intersections within cells, and that Spire1CΔKIND-mediated disruption of mitochondrial fission (see Figure 4C, right panel) could be due to a reduction in ER-mediated mitochondrial constriction in these cells (Friedman et al., 2011; Korobova et al., 2013; Murley et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 302, "input_1": "Although these occipital components are modulated by spatially-focused attention (Hillyard and Anllo-Vento, 1998), it was not predicted that these components would", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 303, "input_1": "This enables one to describe the trend in dietary pattern (or dietary pattern trajectories) over time while taking account of the correlation that exists between successive measures of dietary data (40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 304, "input_1": "…analogous categorization applicable to this study region only, and these categories correspond approximately to those (in parentheses) described by Spitzer and Danks (2006) (Table 2): (1) bog specialist (tyrphobiontic)—restricted or nearly so to peatlands; (2) bog affiliate…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 305, "input_1": "For each syllable, F0 was time-normalized by extracting 10 temporally equidistant F0 measurements using the Praat script ProsodyPro [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 306, "input_1": "Such a conclusionmight also explain the apparent absence of structural protein fragments from 2DE maps in the tender group, as it has been reported that lower pH (other than actual proteolysis) contributes to fiber dissociation and triggers exposition of muscle fibers to proteolytic attacks [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 307, "input_1": "After being presented by Jacobs and Bruscos (1995), diverse IG-based algorithms have been applied to solve various scheduling problems, including single-machine scheduling problems (Ying et al, 2009), parallel-machine scheduling problems (Lin et al, 2011), flowshop scheduling problems (Ribas et al, 2011; Pan and Ruiz, 2014), HFSPs (Ying, 2009; Ying et al, 2014), distributed flowshop scheduling problems (Lin et al, 2013b; Fernandez-Viagas and Framinan, 2015; Ribas et al, 2017), and personnel task scheduling problems (Lin and Ying, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 308, "input_1": "For the sake of brevity, we used a seven-item version of the ECR (ECR-short), which included three anxiety and four avoidance items (for details, see Bartz & Lydon, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 309, "input_1": "For example, one of the two human Caf1 orthologs, hCaf1, associates with the arginine methyltransferase, PRMT1 [42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 310, "input_1": "The results for veridical recall replicated previous results in the literature (Bal-\n lardini et al., 2008; McDermott & Watson, 2001), with the average recall of studied words increas-\n ing monotonically as SOA increased.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 311, "input_1": "…that were negative for both DAF and CD59 (a PNH phenotype), which are known as reliable indicators of a favourable response to IST in AA (Sugimori et al, 2006), were detectable by our flow cytometry 5 months after the first appearance of NKG2D ligand-expressing granulocytes in 2004…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 312, "input_1": "This result is similar to that described in bovine and contrary to that described in equine in which both beta-1 and beta-2 globulin fractions are present (Kaneko et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 313, "input_1": "To date, these reactions have primarily been investigated on an interpersonal level – the level of individual profiles (e.g., Hooper & Kalidas, 2012; McLaughlin & Vitak, 2012; Peña & Brody, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 314, "input_1": "After briefly summarizing our combined model, we proceed to review the individual techniques employed: query-likelihood (Lafferty & Zhai 2001), relevance and pseudo-relevance feedback (Lavrenko & Croft 2001), and Markov random field modeling of sequential term dependencies (Metzler & Croft 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 315, "input_1": "This validation can be readily done using a specific PCR and PCR product sequencing, for which miR-RACE can be prefered method due to its effectiveness in the validation of precise sequences, especially both ends of miRNAs [19,36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 316, "input_1": "+1-701-777-2624; Fax +1-701-777-3894 e-mail kevin'y~ medicine'und'n~ raise for reducing rejection of organ transplants in mammals (Kino and Goto 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 317, "input_1": "rufifacies were still observed flying around deer carrion when the ambient temperature was ∼9 °C in South Carolina of USA (Cammack and Nelder 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 318, "input_1": "(orb), egl, and BicD (Costa et al., 2005; Mach and Lehmann, 1997; Suter and Steward, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 319, "input_1": ", 2011); (ii) 99 metabolites allowed discrimination of humanised and gnotobiotic mice, although they possess quite distinct microbiota (85% of the microbial genera and species are different) (Marcobal et al., 2013); (iii) 43 metabolites were found to differ when comparing the human, mouse and rat faecal metabolomes (Saric et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 320, "input_1": "Following the discovery of the receptors, fatty acid endogenous ligands, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and a degradation system including a re-uptake mechanism and hydrolytic enzymes have been identi®ed (Devane et al., 1992; Deutsch and Chin, 1993; Mechoulam et al., 1995; Dinh et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 321, "input_1": "These results are similar to those reports for Trichoderma harzianum (Benhamou and Chet, 1993, 1996, 1997) and P. oligandrum (Benhamou et al., 1999) as well as Microsphaeropsis sp. (Carisse et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 322, "input_1": "The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was evaluated on the initial non-enhanced CT [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 323, "input_1": "These results were evident when comparing levels in fasting pregnant women with non-fasting [21,24-29], non-pregnant [24], or lactating women [24] or even with their own levels measured before and after breaking fast [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 324, "input_1": "For some PESP-models, the genetic algorithm that has been proposed by Nachtigall and Voget ([15]), constitutes a competitive alternative ([11, 5]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 325, "input_1": "errors of all expressed transcripts in the diploid C57Bl/6J, Cast/EiJ transcriptome were estimated using MMSEQ (Turro et al., 2011) for each mapped", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 326, "input_1": "The 8-point RLS is widely used in Sweden in some emergency departments and neurosurgical units instead of the GCS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 327, "input_1": "It was related for females of Bitis nasicornis (Marsh and Glatston, 1974), Crotalus adamanteus (Mebs and Kornalik, 1984), and Calloselasma rhodostoma (Daltry et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 328, "input_1": "Because most off-target nicks are not adjacent to each other and do not form DSBs, these nicks are repaired precisely and rarely lead to indels (Ran et al. 2013a; Shen et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 329, "input_1": "…personality and a general tendency to engage in high-risk/externalizing behaviors, such as drinking, illicit drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and other antisocial behaviors (Conrod et al., 2010; Finn, Sharkansky, Brandt, & Turcotte, 2000; Krueger et al., 2002; Mackie, Castellanos, & Conrod, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 330, "input_1": "However this mostly affects preprocessor macros and demacrofication [76] allows those to be replaced by function calls, which are accurately represented in the bitcode.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 331, "input_1": "Gui et al. (2006) reported that CatD in B. mori is ecdysteroid-induced, differentially and spatially expressed in the larval fat body of the final instar and in the larval gut of pupal stage, and its expression led to programmed cell death.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 332, "input_1": "Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 333, "input_1": "A video version of this idea has been explored as well [8,9], with varying degrees of success.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 334, "input_1": "…Smt3 and Ubc9 1379\n© 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Molecular Microbiology, 51, 1375–1387\nProteolysis of cyclin and non-cyclin APC/C substrates is impaired in ubc9-2 and smt3-331 mutants\nPrevious results described a role for Ubc9 in the degradation of cyclins Clb2 and Clb5 (Seufert et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 335, "input_1": "T1Rs and T2Rs, when activated, transduce taste signals to G-proteins (Kusakabe et al. 2000; Wong et al. 1996) and then to the effector enzyme, namely phospholipase C-b 2 (PLC-b 2) (Adler et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 336, "input_1": "Another MAGE family member, Dlxin-1 (encoded by the Maged1 gene), has also been shown to complex with necdin and Msx/Dlx family members (17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 337, "input_1": "This transient response to +CO2 has been observed in several experiments (Norby and others 1999; Körner 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 338, "input_1": "In the Philippines, the National Newborn Screening Program enables early detection of newborns with CAH so that timely and appropriate management is instituted (Padilla and Therrell 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 339, "input_1": "…role of CA1 structural damage in episodic encoding deficits evidenced here in aMCI is therefore consistent with both hypotheses of an anterior (Lepage et al., 1998) and an antero-posterior (Schacter and Wagner, 1999) in se rm -0 06 42 17 6,\nv er\nsi on\n1 -\n21 N\nov 2\n01 1\n14\nspecialization…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 340, "input_1": "…can be used to determine parameter values of the Farquhar model (Farquhar et al., 1980), and\nleaf venation, which has recently been defined in a\nconsistent way and appears to be correlated with\nother leaf functional traits (Sack & Frole, 2006; Brodribb\net al., 2007; Blonder et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 341, "input_1": "Comparing Saudi DIDS with previously reported cases [Table III] [10, 18, 19], our patients have less rate of cutaneous viral infections [p value: 0.0019 ].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 342, "input_1": "A large part of Shannon’s seminal work [16] is devoted to both theoretical and practical aspects of products, and his invocation of the pastry dough mixing analogy [16, p.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 343, "input_1": "The PCR reactions were multiplex PCR using three sets of primers: Mycgen-F, Mycgen-R, Mycav-R; RD4F, RD4R, RD4intF; and RD10F, RD10R, RD10intR [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 344, "input_1": "Positive control sections for SPARC were of mouse kidney (Kopp et al., 1992) and were always positive.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 345, "input_1": "in allele substitution effect, due to the overall rarity of such genetic effects when measured in large sample sizes [16,19,20,21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 346, "input_1": "Dearman and Peirce [1] extended this investigation to a population of academics and industry workers, and documented how these users", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 347, "input_1": "These findings were generated in the presence of counterbalancing and IL-12- and IFN- -mediated Th1-type responses, which are also expressed in BALB/c mice by the second week of infection (30, 45).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 348, "input_1": "Similar results were found by Sideris et al. (1999) in Greece and Mohebali et al. (2005) in Iran.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 349, "input_1": "Statistical methods employed by this group (see Table 1) to incorporate filters or informative priors are mostly based on regression models [27, 30, 33, 36, 37]; one is also based on counting methods [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 350, "input_1": "Given that the determination of phenolic OH groups of lignins with 1H NMR has also been recommended (Faix et al., 1994), we calculated functional groups (phenolic hydroxyl (ArOH), aliphatic hydroxyl (AlkOH), and methoxyl (MeO) groups) with 1H NMR (Pan et al., 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 351, "input_1": "In the literature there are some papers related with this topic by studying changes between two time-invariant filter banks [10,11,12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 352, "input_1": "However, it is a general principle of adaptive evolution that oscillations in the intensity of environmental stressors results in higher mutation rates and a greater need to adapt when compared with constant stressor pressure [24, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 353, "input_1": "Fecal fat was estimated by Van de Kamer quantitative method and fecal fat content >7 g/day in adults was taken as abnormal [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 354, "input_1": "LA Volume: The measurement of left atrial (LA) volume was obtained from the biplane method of disks (modified Simpson’s rule) using apical 4-chamber (A4C) and apical 2-chamber (A2C) views at ventricular end systole [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 355, "input_1": "…metazon divergence\nMolecular clock analyses have challenged the conventional wisdom about the emergence of several metazoan phyla in late Vendian and early Cambrian periods [<600 million years ago (mya)] (e.g., Runnager 1982; Doolittle et al. 1996; Wray et al. 1996; Nikoh et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 356, "input_1": "This is also indicative of the results of Kerzenmacher and Gardiner (1998), who applied an inversion method on data from a spruce forest and obtained a CD = 0.2 for the stem region (below 8 m) and a CD = 0.1 for the crown region (above 8 m), i.e. a Pm of 2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 357, "input_1": "In another study, 550 V of high-voltage electrical stimulation was applied to Cabrito carcasses, and ES increased a∗ and b∗ values of carcasses [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 358, "input_1": "The Cornell protocol [2] applied to 1127 patients with symptoms of and/or exposure to inhalational anthrax (IA) presenting to emergency departments and evaluated during the 2001 bioterrorism-related outbreak of IA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 359, "input_1": "CDK complexes, and if control of the cell cycle is disrupted, progress through the cycle might be stimulated by overexpressed cyclins, enhanced CDK activity or inactivated CDK inhibitors (Hunter and Pines, 1994; Sherr, 1995; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Chulu and Liu, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 360, "input_1": "A similar result was obtained by Monteiro et al. (2011), who also found no seasonal differences in bark regeneration of M. urundeuva.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 361, "input_1": "…copy number (genome equivalents) per mitochondrial particle was determined from the total mtDAPI FI relative to DAPI FI from vaccinia virus using a method analogous to that described in (Miyamura et al. 1986) and used to determine ptDNA copy number (Oldenburg and Bendich 2004; Zheng et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 362, "input_1": "Since the hypothetical Q1 chair GQ is stable in standard simulations with full ion binding, we applied the unfolding (denaturing) no-salt simulation (60,78).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 363, "input_1": "In addition, it has also been reported that Dox impairs cardiac autophagosome formation and its degradation, resulting in cardiac dysfunction (18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 364, "input_1": "Left renal glucose utilization and splanchnic glucose utilization (utilization) were calculated using the formula\n utilization 5 FEGlc 3 3Glc4a 3 R1H2PF (4)\n where R(H)PF equals either unilateral renal plasma flow or hepatic plasma flow.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 365, "input_1": "The maturation and mineralization of the newly formed bone in the extraction socket can be accelerated or improved by graft materials[13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 366, "input_1": "…ago from the mouse cerebellum (Furuichi et al., 1989), numerous inositol\ntrisphosphate receptor genes have been identified and grouped\ninto a family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels\n(Vannier et al., 1998; Blondel et al., 1993; Maranto, 1994; Ross\net al., 1992; Sudhof et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 367, "input_1": "We have focused herein on the importance of TJs in maintaining the proper compartmentalization of bile constituents, a concept that is supported by results from recent studies using experimental models of colitis or bile duct ligation (16, 18, 21, 31, 34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 368, "input_1": "See for instance Nishimura and Ozaki (2007), p681.\nha ls\nhs -0\n05 34\n02 7,\nv er\nsi on\n1 -\n8 N\nov 2\n01 0\n(unique) critical value *W such that option is exercised if and only if *\ntW W ; if not, the option\nis kept moving forward, defining a continuation region where *\ntW W .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 369, "input_1": "…that there is ample evidence from functional magnetic imaging experiments that in humans prediction errors are indeed encoded in the dorsal striatum (e.g. Valentin & O’Doherty, 2009; Cooper et al., 2011), including regions of dorsal putamen most comparable to rat DLS (e.g. Garrison et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 370, "input_1": "These were derived from prior non-operative studies for inguinal hernia and ventral hernia [15, 23, 28, 29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 371, "input_1": "…of the common 59 leader sequence to the different 39 body segments present in arterivirus and coronavirus sg mRNAs (previously reviewed by e.g. Sawicki & Sawicki, 1995, 2005; van der Most & Spaan, 1995; Lai & Cavanagh, 1997; Brian & Spaan, 1997; Snijder & Meulenberg, 1998; Lai & Holmes, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 372, "input_1": "Although Arpp/Ankrd2 has been reported to be localized mainly in the I-band of striated muscle (Tsukamoto et al. 2002; Miller et al. 2003), a recent study has revealed that Arpp/Ankrd2 can interact with nuclear proteins, including premyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), p53 and YB-1, in vitro (Kojic…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 373, "input_1": "…and negatively regulated by different p80 katanin domains The contradictory findings that human p60 binds stably to microtubules in vitro but never co-localizes with microtubules in vivo (McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggested that katanin might interact transiently with microtubules in vivo.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 374, "input_1": "As in other studies, major depression among the gay men we surveyed was strongly associated with weaker social support, less community involvement, the experience of more stress and a reliance on passive coping strategies (Dew et al. 1997; Mao et al. 2009b; Mills et al. 2004; Prachakul et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 375, "input_1": "The present results confirm earlier studies that the increased NH3(aq) concentration and temperature may increase the inactivation of microorganisms (Pecson et al.,2007; Nordin et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 376, "input_1": "Literature values for hydrolysis of DG and DGS range from 100 to 180 mg/g (Kim et al., 2008b; Tucker et al., 2004; Bals et al., 2009; Noureddini et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 377, "input_1": ", 2006; Hengst and Jaffrey, 2007), the question of whether local protein translation is required for growth cone responses to guidance cues remains unresolved as a result of conflicting findings from different neuronal populations (Piper et al., 2006; Yao et al., 2006; Lin and Holt, 2007; Bouchard et al., 2008; Lang et al., 2008; Roche et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 378, "input_1": "Intakes of calcium were obtained from the EPIC Nutrient Data Base (ENDB); in which the nutritional composition of foods across the different countries has been standardized [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 379, "input_1": "This is possible because the generation time is shorter, the genetic material can be manipulated easily and the cultural conditions can be optimized easily (Gupta et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 380, "input_1": "FaultTracer [80] and TestTube [13] collect dependencies on methods, Echelon [68] collects dependencies on basic blocks, etc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 381, "input_1": "Substrata such as surrogate geological materials (Reardon et al. 2004; Bennett et al. 2000) or Bio-sep beads (Microbial Insights, Inc., Rockford, TN) (Geyer et al. 2005; Kastner et al. 2006) can also be deployed to investigate the in situ microbial community.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 382, "input_1": "MMP-2 is considered a constitutively expressed MMP, whereas MMP-9 is expressed at low levels under normal conditions (Gottschall et al., 1995; Yong et al., 1998; Planas et al., 2001) but is induced under pathological conditions, such as cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration (Aoki et al., 2002; Lo…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 383, "input_1": "4% of the cells contained in human ADH/dysplasia [29], and in 59% of the cells within human DCISs at Penylvania State U niersity on Feruary 3, 2013 http://carcfordjournals.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 384, "input_1": "Later, due to spontaneous symplasmic isolation, plasmatic connections between shield cells as well as between shield cell, basal cell and manubrial cell break [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 385, "input_1": "crime and traffic), which might account for the limited association (Ding et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 386, "input_1": "…α subunits that are required for L-AChR function at the NMJ but are also expressed in the nervous system (Fleming et al., 1997); (Culetto et al., 2004); (Eimer et al., 2007). unc-50 and unc-74 encode genes previously implicated in L-AChR maturation and are broadly expressed in muscles and neurons.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 387, "input_1": "Why our results differ from studies of tropical forests (e.g., Augspurger 1983, 1984; Augspurger and Kelly\n 1984; Kitajima and Augspurger 1989) is unclear.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 388, "input_1": "Several common abnormal laboratory results are known to be predictive of poor outcomes in older persons, such as high C-reactive protein (CRP) level [7], high homocysteine level [8], low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) [9], low albumin level [10], low alanine transaminase level [11], low hemoglobin level [12,13], and poor kidney function (low creatinin clearance) [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 389, "input_1": "decussata is similar to those of some long-lived, wind-pollinated species with fragmented distributions (Huang et al. 2002; Petit et al. 2005; Jaramillo-Correa et al. 2006; Provan et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 390, "input_1": "…(Balana et al., 2011; Bottcher et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2011; Ghai et al., 2013; Ghai et al., 2011; Hayashi et al., 2012; Joubert et al., 2004; Knauth et al., 2005; Lauffer et al., 2010; Lunn et al., 2007; Steinberg et al., 2013; Temkin et al., 2011; Valdes et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 391, "input_1": "SVMs have also been proved to outperform other nonlinear techniques including neural network-based techniques such as multilayer perceptrons (MLP) [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 392, "input_1": "guidance, angiogenesis, and long-term potentiation, a form of associative synaptic plasticity observed at hippocampal synapses (Klein, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 393, "input_1": "Age or growth-dependent increases of trace-elements (such as Hg and Se) were often found in tissues of top-predators (Kunito et al., 2004; Seixas et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 394, "input_1": "Interestingly, association of TXNIP hypo-me at the same CpG3 with type 2 diabetes and related traits (including fasting glucose, HbA1C, and insulin resistance) (57–60), serum metabolites related to diabetes (61), and high blood triglycerides (62) in WB DNA from various cohorts was recently reported.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 395, "input_1": "Imagebased models yielded joint kinematics, net joint moments, hip joint forces, muscle activation patterns and bone strains in the proximal-lateral femoral shaft in agreement with earlier studies (Aamodt et al., 1997; Bergmann et al., 2001; Inman et al., 1989; Kadaba et al., 1989; Stacoff et al., 2005). We found errors in the hip-joint-centre location of up to 2.01 cm for the scaled-generic model, which is similar to the 2.09 proximal shift of the hip-jointcentre location reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009). Errors in the flexion–extension moment arms of the hip-spanning muscles over the investigated activities were as high as 38.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 396, "input_1": "The rows represent the model from Bikel and Chiang (2000) and Bikel (2004), the SVM and ensemble models from Wang et al. (2006), and our parser, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 397, "input_1": "The use of a throat pack increased the risk of developing sore throat by more than 3 times; this finding is in contrast to previous studies in which the presence of a throat pack was not found to be a risk factor in the development of POST.17,18\n Our patients predominantly underwent ENT surgery, in which it is common to use a throat pack to prevent blood from trickling into the stomach and leading to postoperative nausea and vomiting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 398, "input_1": "Aortic segments were used for immunoblotting as described above and for the determination of vascular nitrate levels while aortic rings were used to measure vascular reactivity as described previously.(28,29) Immunoblotting in aortic homogenates was performed following a pull-down with eNOS as described in an available protocol (Cell Signaling); therefore, IgG was used as a loading control and corresponded directly with eNOS levels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 399, "input_1": "during B deficiency has been considered harmful for the plant growth through their enhanced oxidation (Cakmak and Römheld 1997) and the B-deficiency induced production of excess phenolic acids has even been proposed to cause eventual death of plants (Lee and Aronoff 1967).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 400, "input_1": "…preferred TFs ranged from 0.25 to 6.5 Hz (mean = 1.1 Hz), which were consistent with previous electrophysiological reports (Niell and Stryker, 2008; Gao et al., 2010; LeDue et al., 2012, 2013), and within the ranges indicated by recent multi-photon imaging studies (Andermann et al., 2011; Marshel…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 401, "input_1": "…processes, such as incentive salience (Knutson et al, 2000; Knutson et al, 2001; Knutson et al, 2003), the hedonic experience of reward (O’Doherty et al, 2001), and reward learning (Asaad and Eskandar, 2011; Berns et al, 2001; McClure et al, 2003; O’Doherty et al, 2003; Schultz, et al,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 402, "input_1": "[33] reported that selenium deficiency led to a decline in selenoprotein levels, which resulted in a deficiency in muscle functions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 403, "input_1": "micranthos were sampled in 102 sites in its invaded and native ranges, as previously reported (Shipunov et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 404, "input_1": "However, it has been supposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the impairment of salivary gland function due to aging, inflammation, drugs, and ionizing irradiation [1-4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 405, "input_1": "There is no doubt that IgA nephropathy is an extremely common disease (5-8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 406, "input_1": "As discussed in [3, 36], non-rigid parts of animal categories usually present great challenges for part localization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 407, "input_1": "…2005), with research documenting the unique role of dehumanization in shaping intergroup hostility (e.g., Andrighetto et al., 2014; Haslam, 2006; Kteily et al., 2015), we theorized that meta-dehumanization would uniquely predict aggressive outgroup attitudes and behavior via reciprocated…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 408, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with the general model of Parton et al. (2007) where initial N concentrations of tissues control\n N immobilization and mineralization more than climate and other litter quality parameters.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 409, "input_1": "Noscapine (Nos) is an antitussive agent that has been used for decades for its cough-suppressive action (Ke et al., 2000; Ye et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 410, "input_1": "The Actigraph accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, Florida) has been extensively and successfully used to assess physical activity in children in both small [4,5,6,7,8,9] and large scale [10,11] epidemiological studies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 411, "input_1": "The tuberin/hamartin complex can also associate with and positively regulate mTORC2 (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Dann et al., 2007; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 412, "input_1": "In eight of these patients, venous or arterial thromboembolism was the reason for hospital admission and subsequent heparin therapy [16, 22, 32, 36, 42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 413, "input_1": "In the CAPOA algorithm, occlusion detection is based on image blocks, not individual pixels as is done in [7], [8], [23] and [24], because spatial context plays an important role in deciding whether a target is occluded.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 414, "input_1": "This result is consistent with other research suggesting that USVs are not related to cocaine- or amphetamine-induced locomotor activity (Taracha et al. 2012, 2014; Ahrens et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 415, "input_1": "Many studies consistently report a lack of significant differences between organically and conventionally grown food in terms of safety and nutritional value, suggesting that crops and livestock products produced in both farming systems are comparable with regard to their nutrient content (Smith-Spangler et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 416, "input_1": "An alternative dose description approach, using pharmacokinetic analyses based on models described in the literature (Willems et al., 2001; Quick and Shuler, 1999; Sweeney et al., 1996; Frederick et al., 1998, 2001; NTP, 2000) was evaluated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 417, "input_1": "Besides, it provides intelligence to both the physical and medium access control (MAC) layers and network information to upper layers [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 418, "input_1": "context (Cooper et al. 1994; Coggon et al. 2000; Sandmark et al. 2000; Seidler et al. 2008; Klussmann et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 419, "input_1": "Particles size of the diet seems to have great importance in regulating the intake in broiler chickens, that show preference for diets containing larger particles instead of those finely ground (Nir et al., 1994a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 420, "input_1": "We conclude that the FSClow OX1low cells represent microglia which are smaller than macrophages and lymphocytes (Milligan et al., 1991) and have a lower OX1 expression than haematogenously derived cells (Sedgwick et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 421, "input_1": "The use of SAT-solving is of course the essence of MACE-style model-finding, but the difference here is that we do not simply work with the ground instances of the input theory, T, over a fixed set of constants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 422, "input_1": "…to Zeilberger (1990), Chyzak (2000) and Koutschan (2013) for the holonomic approach, to Wilf and Zeilberger (1992), Wegschaider (1997) and Apagodu and Zeilberger (2006) for the multi-sum approach, or to Schneider (2005a, 2008, 2010c, 2015) for further refinements of the difference field approach.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 423, "input_1": "For comparison, we also implement the multiparty FSS scheme in [14] using 2048 bit Paillier encryption [48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 424, "input_1": "Based on current evidence, patients not suitable for the Stupp et al.(1,2) protocol of chemo-radiation to a dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions include alternative hypofractioned regimes such as 40 Gy in 15 fractions, 45 Gy in 20 fractions and 34 Gy in 10 fractions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 425, "input_1": "…2011 [10]\nReconstruction of ulna fracture after resection of tumour Reversed lateral upper arm flap with vascularized distal humerus Ulna 1 Good\n3 Zhen et al., 2011 [11] Reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures Free vascularized fibula or osteocutaneous fibular flap Tibia 38 Good outcome…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 426, "input_1": "Initial observations suggested this cell population possesses retinal stem cell properties, yet further analysis demonstrated that these cells could not differentiate into retinal neurons in vitro or in vivo (Cicero et al., 2009; Gualdoni et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 427, "input_1": "Theory of Mind Assessment Scale\nThe Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s., Bosco et al., 2009a) is a semi-structured interview using a unitary methodology to investigate the various aspects of ToM abilities and to delineate a comprehensive profile thereof (see Appendix A).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 428, "input_1": "Lymphoma is a multiorgan condition that can affect intraocular and periocular structures such as the choroid, retina, vitreous, conjunctiva, and orbit.(1-20) Systemic nonHodgkin lymphoma is estimated to affect 43 000 persons per year in the United States; ocular involvement is uncommon, representing approximately 2% of all extranodal lymphoma cases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 429, "input_1": "Previous studies have shown that the intracellular correlates of SRFPs are dominated by GABA-A receptordependent IPSPs (IPSCs in voltage-clamp recordings) in both CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons (Wu et al., 2002, 2005a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 430, "input_1": "This result is comparable to results of previous reports that showed a prevalence of ON after internal fixation to be between 11 and 25% [1, 4, 16, 18, 27, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 431, "input_1": "For example, by using IBN-Net, DenseNet169 [13], ResNet101 [8], ResNeXt101 [31], and SE-ResNet101 [12], outperform their original versions by 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 432, "input_1": "The subsurface location C has essentially no elastic stress concentration but it has a residual tensile stress of about 0:4 Y. Fatigue cracks have been observed to nucleate at all three locations (Peters et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 433, "input_1": "…of contractile stress fibers (SFs), transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) lines on the dorsal cell surface that position the nucleus, filopodia at the leading edge, isotropic cortical actin networks, and actin important for mitochondrial fission (Skau and Waterman 2015; Campellone and Welch 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 434, "input_1": "different from unity [43], but available methods for calculating non-ideal behavior of protein solutions are referenced to electrolyte solutions [44] and depend on structural parameters of proteins that would be difficult to deduce from metagenomic sequence fragments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 435, "input_1": "It has been shown that the dopaminergic protection exerted by estradiol involves the interaction between neurons and astrocytes [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 436, "input_1": "While Masek et al. (1994) called for an orographic precipitation control on the overall shape of the Beni basin, Safran et al. (2005) did\nnot find explicit correlations between erosion and climate with the existing data sets.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 437, "input_1": "However, the AD filter applicability is only robust on specific regions of interest, mainly on areas where exist dense fiber concentrations, such as the corpus callosum (Moraschi et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 438, "input_1": "However, not every patient has access to support fromAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-specific staff as these roles are not available in many locations throughout Australia.(6,16,68,69) In terms of managing symptoms, functional impairments and side-effects, some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with experience of cancer reported a limited understanding of clinical notions of pain relief and cultural concerns can impact pain management.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 439, "input_1": "The content of neutral detergent fi ber (NDF) was evaluated according MERTENS (2002), using an Ankom fi ber analyzer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 440, "input_1": "The current staging system for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging,(2) which provides only a definition of the anatomic extent of the neoplasia: size, location, and extent of the primary lesion; presence and location of the locoregional lymph node metastasis; and systemic metastatic disease.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 441, "input_1": "Sarbu [14] considered hyperintense fluid occurred more frequently and earlier in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade ones, which is something expected for a sign related to disease progression, given that high-grade gliomas progress earlier and more frequently than low-grade gliomas.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 442, "input_1": "England et al. (2006) suggested that recent Indian Ocean warming trends across the eastern basin bias the SST distribution to a pattern that\n4 corresponds to anomalous dry conditions for SWWA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 443, "input_1": "Maternal diabetes has been shown to alter the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and differentiation of NSCs, leading to neural tube defects [7,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 444, "input_1": "…consistent with previous evidences in mice, showing a predominant expression of PLCb1 protein (Gerfen et al., 1988; Hannan et al., 1998; Hozumi et al., 2008; Fukaya et al., 2008) in cerebral cortex, caudate–putamen and hippocampus, along with lower levels in diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 445, "input_1": "4%) individuals with psoriatic arthritis had CD (the Swedish study used no controls; Lindqvist et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 446, "input_1": "In view of the lack of effect of 3 days of UUO on AT1 and AT2 receptor mRNA in either obstructed or contralateral kidneys (48), it is likely that these effects are mediated by signaling downstream from ANG binding with its receptors and modulated by the stretched tubules in the obstructed kidney.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 447, "input_1": "The\nisoforms differ in sequence primarily by the inclusion of an extended N-terminus (‘short\nconsensus repeats’ or ‘sushi domains’) on the GABAB(1a) isoform (Kaupmann et al. 1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 448, "input_1": "Climate15 change alters global meteorological processes such as atmospheric circulation and precipitation (Seneviratne et al., 2006; IPCC 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 449, "input_1": "5-fold more often at late stationary phase (323 sites) (Okanishi et al. 2014) than mid-stationary phase (129 sites; this study).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 450, "input_1": "Both crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated from odds ratios produced by the logistic regression models using the approach suggested by Cummings (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 451, "input_1": "These results support a model in which EBV matures via a similar pathway to other herpesviruses, as previously thought (Johnson and Baines, 2011; Henaff et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 452, "input_1": "computationally expensive, including DTW [26], [38], [4], [25] and EDR [11], whose computation cost is OðnÞ, where", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 453, "input_1": "Stimuli The stimulus figures were the random polygons originally developed by Attneave and Arnoult (1956) and modified by Cooper (1975; Cooper & Podgorny, 1976), with examples shown in Figure 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 454, "input_1": "In previous studies, the L791P mutation did not affect the ability of BCAR1 to promote SRC activation and COS cell migration (30), whereas the L791D mutation partially reduced the BCAR3-dependent increase in the hyperphosphorylated BCAR1 upper band (39) and BCAR3-dependent SRC activation (51).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 455, "input_1": "K+–2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC2) and the K+ channel (ROMK) in the TAL (Riccardi & Brown, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 456, "input_1": "This was supported by the results of multivariate analysis that showed PiB PET to be the strongest predictor of progres-\n sion to AD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 457, "input_1": "…from both monocots and eudicots pointing to the early origin of the diverging D-type cyclin groups and to the reported conservation of expression patterns and/or function of the corresponding genes within each clade (Vandepoele et al. 2002; Menges et al. 2007; De Almeida-Engler et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 458, "input_1": "Estimation of equation (4) is then conducted simultaneously with the family planning outcome equation (3) via the method of Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML) [48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 459, "input_1": "studies available comprise a limited and inhomogeneous patient sample [5,6,8-11,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 460, "input_1": "The face detector, built with the same approach as that of Viola and Jones [16], had an accuracy of more than 95 %.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 461, "input_1": "…for regulating development of neocortical areas as well as for expansion and gyrification of the forebrain during primate evolution (Fietz et al., 2010; Hansen et al., 2010; Lui et al., 2011; Reillo et al., 2011), although this is still controversial (Hevner and Haydar, 2012; Kelava et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 462, "input_1": "All these results recently obtained, in a rat model of pancreatic cancer [33] are in agreement with our results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 463, "input_1": "2014) in eukaryotes, and propionylation in bacteria (Okanishi et al. 2014) were recently revealed as prevalent PTMs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 464, "input_1": "Our results show that gene flow has indeed had a contribution to the recovery after bottlenecks as suggested by Hailer et al. (2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 465, "input_1": "In more than 150 human WAT samples collected and processed as we previously described (5, 11), the percentage of nonhematopoietic (CD45", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 466, "input_1": "in [22] pointed out that it would be interesting to investigate discontinuous neural networks with more general delays.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 467, "input_1": "Since relatesTo arguably subsume the relation of containment, Urinary Content, Profile-Defining Content and Profile-Defining Presence become special cases of Urinary Relatum, Profile-Defining Relatum and Profile-Defining Context respectively (e.g. as Urinary Content is something related to some Urine by a relation of\n7 Although the original work concerning UFO and OntoUML [Guizzardi, 2005] prescribes that antirigid types (such as RoleMixin types) could be instantiated exclusively by objects, more recent works [Guizzardi, Guarino, Almeida, 2016] acknowledged the idea that all endurants (including intrinsic properties, such as Modes or Qualities) can instantiate anti-rigid types.\ncontainment, it is also a Urinary Relatum).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 468, "input_1": "Concerning the first question, because of the identical parameterizations and subject pools it is illustrative to compare the behavior in NoCom to the results of the individual wage (IWT) and equal wage treatment (EWT) reported in Abeler et al. (2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 469, "input_1": "In recent years, laparoscopy has become the gold-standard for the treatment of ovarian endometriotic cysts (Daniell et al., 1991; Donnez et al., 1996; Sutton et al., 1997; Yuen et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 470, "input_1": "…firing rates of Purkinje cells are found in large parts of the cerebellum in cats, rabbits, and even primates (Chan et al. 1982; Eccles 1973; Frysinger et al. 1984; Lisberger and Fuchs 1978; Mano and Yamamoto 1980; Medina and Lisberger 2008; Miyashita and Nagao 1984; Yamamoto et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 471, "input_1": "In cat, most cortical cells that receive input from relay cells inherit key properties of the receptive field such as segregated On and Off subregions (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Martinez et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 472, "input_1": "We also measured the performance of our techniques on a model of a concurrent binary search tree, which was also used in [89].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 473, "input_1": "For example, polymer based nanoparticles may be prepared by the well-known solvent evaporation method, in which the droplets of a nanoemulsion are composed of a volatile organic solvent in which the polymer is solubilized [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 474, "input_1": "Chloride uptake experiment was performed essentially as described by us previously [23, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 475, "input_1": "It is unusual to have variability and asymmetries in Drosophila neural circuits\n(Ohyama et al., 2015; Berck et al., 2016; Schlegel et al., 2016; Jovanic et al., 2016; Schneider-\nMizell et al., 2016) but it has been observed before (Takemura et al., 2015; Tobin et al., 2017;\nEichler et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 476, "input_1": "A private key is required in the verifier side to generate N pseudo random locations to be used for retrieving the watermark; (2) a watermark is embedded into two or more halftoning images, where the retrieval approaches can be overlays of halftone images [15] or using a look up table (LUT) to decode the watermark [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 477, "input_1": "Similar observations were also made by other authors, including DRAGAN [5], SCHMALZRIED, JASTY, HARRIS [20], VASU, CARTER, and HARRIS [22], WALL, DRAGAN [23], and WALL [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 478, "input_1": "The vast majority of mutations in FUS/TLS-related familial ALS cases were identified in C-terminal NLS, which result in the retention and the inclusion of FUS/TLS in the cytoplasm [2,3,5,8,14], and FUS/TLS as well as TDP-43 is recruited to SGs under stress conditions such as arsenite, heat shock and hypoxia [28,29,30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 479, "input_1": "This could be explained by the requirement for specific spacers that match the invader DNA (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), and also by the existence in E.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 480, "input_1": "Interestingly, despite the possible impact of training programmes, Stanton et al. (2005) maintain that improvement in these areas also brings a greater likelihood of writing down one’s password, or even sharing passwords, which indicates a lack of InfoSec awareness (Dinev and Hu 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 481, "input_1": "(Meis-Kindblom et al. 1995; Antonescu et al., 2001), whereas LGFMS has been characterized as having a “low-grade” protracted clinical course with local recurrences and late metastasis (Evans, 1987, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 482, "input_1": "…the lesions with pure SEF morphology (90% of patients), feature that has not been documented previously in the largest SEF series published to date (Meis-Kindblom et al., 1995; Doyle et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2012), except for a slight female tendency in Antonescu et al. (2001) SEF cohort, in…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 483, "input_1": "We used the same setup that was used by McIntosh & Lashley [11] and Borchers et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 484, "input_1": "This method, which we used previously (22, 24), maintained a constant temperature, pH, PCO2, and PO2 of the suffusate during infusion of drugs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 485, "input_1": "…were: (1) Enlarged ventricles out of proportion to sulcal atrophy on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (Evan’s index of at least 0.3; Shprecher et al., 2008), (2) Gait disturbance with either urinary incontinence and/or cognitive impairment, (3) No evidence of a known cause for…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 486, "input_1": "In line with past studies (e.g., Anderson et al., 1998; Craik et al., 1996) results of the current study showed that secondary task performance i.e., the RT task, was disrupted to a greater extent when attention is divided during retrieval than when attention is divided during encoding.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 487, "input_1": "For example, although some research indicates that forests can sustain increased productivity under elevated CO2 by enhancing N uptake (Finzi and others 2007), few studies have followed forests through important stand development phases (for example, establishment, canopy closure, age-related declines in stand productivity) to examine whether the early stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO2 persists as stands mature after reaching maximum productivity (Körner 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 488, "input_1": "As a result, MEK protein, like the MAPK family of proteins, may comprise a family of enzymes regulated by a variety of stimuli and in different cell types (5, 10); (/>) disorders of phosphatase(s) that negatively regulate MAPK activity may exist.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 489, "input_1": "During the early stages of autophagic induction, LC3-I is conjugated with phophatidylethanolamine, to produce LC3-II (Mizushima and Yoshimori 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 490, "input_1": "Intestinal permeability was determined using the Smurf assay, as described by Rera et al. (2011), (2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 491, "input_1": "…experiments and numerical analyses of stratified flow provide more tangible evidence that buoy-\nant gravity currents, characterized by a convergent front, can lead to accumulation and transport of buoyant particles in the direction of the propagating front (Franks 1997, Helfrich & Pineda 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 492, "input_1": "F proteins are acid pH dependent and contain a predicted signal peptide at the amino terminus, a transmembrane domain near the carboxyl terminus, up to 11 conserved cysteines, and a furin cleavage site (40, 51, 56).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 493, "input_1": "In agreement with findings showing that PLCb1 is mostly located at presynaptic sites (Fukaya et al., 2008) and with its apparent absence from the PSD-95 complex (Dosemeci et al., 2007), the intensity levels of PLCb1 and PSD-95 signals were not correlated each to other, as expected for two proteins…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 494, "input_1": "It had 2565 (2805) states optimized with the variational Bayesian estimation and clustering (VBEC) technique (Watanabe et al., 2006) and each state had 32 (32) -mixture Gaussian pdfs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 495, "input_1": "Preterminal and terminal Schwann cells serve as a growth substrate that guides the nodal sprouts to the original endplates of denervated muscle fibers (Son and Thompson, 1995b; Koirala et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 496, "input_1": "in the brain of ALS and FTLD patients are highly prone to aggregation.(17,22,31,32) Furthermore, it was reported that wild-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 497, "input_1": "Mutation sites in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein The spike protein of CoVs is responsible for cell receptor attachment and membrane fusion to mediate virus entry (Li, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 498, "input_1": "However, several studies [3,4,5] of bipolar patients with and without lithium treatment have found similar results in personality.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 499, "input_1": "Using the final XML description that contains the intended architecture, we are able to perform a final architecture analysis to measure the violations in the code of the intended architecture (and thereby to measure the architectural decay [11] of the code).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 500, "input_1": "Moreover, although we lacked specific phylogenetic information for our species, the general patterns we observed were robust to topological uncertainty, and equal branch lengths are associated with fewer errors than other topological approaches (Ackerly 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 501, "input_1": "by the ICMJE [16], and none limited inclusion to trials completed after the 2007 U.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 502, "input_1": "The presence of the SWI/SNF and RSC chromatin remodeling complexes at the HIR-dependent histone genes has been previously reported to be dependent on the Hir proteins [22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 503, "input_1": "There are now several papers (for instance [12, 3, 4, 5, 6]) with bounds polynomial in the number of variables concerning the quadratic case.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 504, "input_1": "Here, we rely on the freely available implementation of the Haar face detector that ships with the OpenCV library [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 505, "input_1": "aureus according to conventional methods, including Gram staining, colony morphology, hemolysis, catalase and tube coagulase test, as well as 16S rRNA, coa and nuc gene sequence analysis, as described [6, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 506, "input_1": "We adopted the Th.o.m.a.s., an interview aimed at an articulated exploration of ToM (Bosco et al., 2009a; Castellino et al., 2011) and an advanced ToM test, namely the Strange Stories test (Happé et al., 1999), aiming to provide a complete assessment of such complex cognitive ability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 507, "input_1": "We used lipid/biomass ratios and tissue thickness as measures of coral health at the time of collection [25,44].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 508, "input_1": "Furthermore, curcumin has been shown to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells (Allam 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 509, "input_1": "The manifold assumption states that input samples with equal class labels are located on manifolds or subspaces, respectively, of the input space (Belkin et al. (2006), Bilenko et al. (2004)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 510, "input_1": "An example of the OR request model is a read request for a replicated data object, where reading any copy of the data satisfies the request [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 511, "input_1": "The NE turnover rate is calculated as the product of k times the endogenous concentration of NE at time 0 (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 512, "input_1": "9 for a normalized kinetic energy of = 12 ( p= Y)v 2 0 = 0:2, corresponding to the Berkeley experiments wherein a steel ball impacts Ti–6Al–4V at v0 = 300 m=s (Peters et al., 2000, 2002; Boyce et al., 2001b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 513, "input_1": "1b), such as triglycerides, sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines, encompassing many lipids associated with risk for developing type II diabetes (Floegel et al. 2012; Rhee et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 514, "input_1": "fast growing and nutrient sensitive) bacteria in seawater recruiting to the mucus matrix and increasing rapidly in abundance (Allers et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 515, "input_1": "The median operative time in our study was 82 minutes for LA, which is relatively longer than that reported by other studies.[20-22] This", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 516, "input_1": "The importance of reliable M-shell Fe DR data has also been shown by the analyses of recent Chandra and XMM AGN spectra.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 517, "input_1": "Minimizing the first two terms of equation 6.7, which are\n7 This mechanism was proposed in Amari (1977) and Pouget and Zhang (1997).\nof order 1, determines that the stable state is on the line attractor.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 518, "input_1": "(1986) using 5S rDNA probes obtained by PCR from Prochilodus genomic DNA using the primers A (5_-TACGCCCGATCTCG TCCGATC-3_) and B (5_-CAGGCTGGTATGGCCGTAAGC-3_) (Pendás et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 519, "input_1": "Online retrieval for SNP genotype information from NCBI using SNP ID and gene input is similar to the function described in the SNP-Flankplus [17] and SNP ID-info [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 520, "input_1": "The factors associated with the increased rate of anastomotic dehiscence are: atherosclerosis, anemia, low anastomosis site, diabetes, advanced age, bowel perforation or obstruction, and total mesorectal excision (TME) [6, 9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 521, "input_1": "A modified version of the ”Maze Game”, devised by Garrod and Anderson (1987) was developed. This task creates a recurrent need for pairs of participants to produce location descriptions. These descriptions can be reliably classified into four broad categories (see below). Alignment of the category of description used by participants can then be used as an index of semantic coordination (Garrod and Anderson, 1987; Garrod and Doherty, 1994). To support turn-level experimental manipulations of the dialogues the chat-tool technique described by Healey, Purver, King, Ginzburg, and Mills (2003) was used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 522, "input_1": "RAG-mediated cleavage of oligonucleotide substrates, PCR-generated long DNA fragments, or plasmid DNA was analyzed using an in vitro cleavage assay described previously [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 523, "input_1": "Given the statistical advantages to using age- and sex-specific BMI Z-scores (Must & Anderson, 2006), we chose to test hypotheses using BMI Z-scores as the dependent variable.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 524, "input_1": "00D between the right and left eyes.[8,14,18] Although photorefraction is not able to accurately determine refractive measurements in eyes with myopia>7.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 525, "input_1": "The high-resolution crystal structures of AChBP–neonicotinoid complexes with IMI and THIA reported here, and in earlier findings for an EPIoccupied AChBP crystal structure (4) and its nicotinic agonist relatives (11), are generally consistent with the results of photoaffinity labeling in a physiological condition with 5-azido-6chloropyridin-3-yl IMI, THIA, and EPI probes (12–14).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 526, "input_1": "Little is known about the ranges at which toothed whales detect prey in the wild (Au et al. 2004, Madsen et al. 2004), but the extensive studies on trained delphinids in target detection experiments may offer a useful framework to estimate the range at which a squid of known TS can be detected.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 527, "input_1": "Other sources of MF and SB input to the GCD are the lateral reticular nucleus, the pontine nuclei and inferior olive (Weinberg and Rustioni, 1987; Zhou and Shore, 2004; Ryugo et al., 2003), as well as the contralateral CN (Zhou et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 528, "input_1": "[17] described that lower gestational age had more chance of colonization, but in contrast to their findings, we found that gestational age was not significant for colonization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 529, "input_1": "Expression values for PIF3 were calculated using the equation 2-ΔΔCt, and 18S rRNA served as the control (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001; Pfaffl, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 530, "input_1": "Parameters are chosen as in Abeler et al. (2010) such that higher effort by agents is always socially efficient, but principals and agents have immediate material incentives to free-ride and avoid the cost of paying high wages or effort costs, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 531, "input_1": "Although standard economic models based on the idea of utility maximization take more choice to be unambiguously welfare-enhancing, scholars have argued that availability and use of certain products can in reality be detrimental to the society (Crane et al., 2014; Karnani, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 532, "input_1": "These results seem to contradict previous findings indicating that alcohol-related harm is closely related to prices on distilled spirits [7-12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 533, "input_1": "…and Sieving 1995; Frishman et al. 1996), but during rod vision, neural adaptation is apparent at light intensities too low to cause adaptation of rod phototransduction (Barlow and Levick 1969; Enroth-Cugell and Shapley 1973; Frishman and Sieving 1995; Naarendorp et al. 2001; Saszik et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 534, "input_1": "In studies examining dose–response relationships between knee-straining work activities and degenerative knee disorders, retrospective exposure assessment has usually been based on self-reports (Felson et al. 1991; Vingard et al. 1991; Coggon et al. 2000; Sandmark et al. 2000; Seidler et al. 2008; Muraki et al. 2009; Klussmann et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 535, "input_1": "In\naddition, there are continued new developments in lowcost, light-weight, and long-duration UAVs (Lucieer et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 536, "input_1": "In this experiment, we also use the 10-fold cross validation, and we also use the F-score, AUROC, and RPBEP performance measures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 537, "input_1": "Longini et al. (2004) used values that were similar to these estimates in a stochastic simulation model of pandemic influenza to show that the targeted use of oseltamivir in close contact groups could slow the transmission of influenza on the community level.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 538, "input_1": "The values of the free parameters mij ∈ [0, 2], bij ∈ [0, 1], and aij ∈ [−2, 2] are searched to find a betterperformed fuzzy predictor.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 539, "input_1": "These results support those of Good et al. (2001) who also found that, compared with men, adult women had higher WM density bilaterally within the internal capsule.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 540, "input_1": "The Newman index of degree assortativity (Newman 2002) is equal to 0.24 implying that highly intra-collaborative researchers moderately tend to be directly connected among themselves.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 541, "input_1": "The process capture was facilitated by considering a modelling case study based on the development of a model for a field campaign that took place in Tasmania, SOAPEX [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 542, "input_1": "To control for access to other home- and community-based services (HCBS), at the market level, defined by county boundaries, I controlled for home care capacity using the number of home health agencies per 1,000 people aged 65+ in the county (Hahn et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 543, "input_1": "…multiple genes interact with psycho-socio-cultural factors in determining an individual’s overall liability to develop these disorders [Dick and Foroud, 2003; Higuchi et al., 2006], genetic factors alone may account for up to 50–60% of the variance in the population [Tyndale, 2003; McGue, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 544, "input_1": "But concurrently, Amazon competes with Apple on the device layer with its own Kindle eBook readers and tablets [57].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 545, "input_1": "Elsewhere, I demonstrate that non-breeders avoid becoming actual\ncompetitors for reproduction, and thereby avoid eviction, by modifying their growth and remaining small (Buston 2003b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 546, "input_1": "These values are consistent with previous studies (Akiyama et al. 2010; Liu et al. 2009; Wilson et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 547, "input_1": "Finally, our results indicate that sustainability planning focused on securing additional funds and aligning the program with the implementing organization is a key predictor of sustainability across program types, thus supporting sustainability theory (Johnson et al. 2004) and previous empirical work with this sample (Tibbits et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 548, "input_1": "…813 ± 82 831 ± 55\na aa, amino acids. b Based on within-vertebrate divergence times. c Based on animal–fungus divergence times.\ninvertebrate divergence time is more reliable than theirs, because mitochondrial genes they used are not evolving in a clocklike fashion in vertebrates (Nikoh et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 549, "input_1": "Also in data centric storage (DCS) [24, 27, 42, 56], the election of storage nodes may not be possible if the hashed location for a certain event is within certain holes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 550, "input_1": "…a 15-mm sphere functional ROI for dorsal pons [2 30 32] was derived from previous work demonstrating its sensitivity to first order representations of bodily state (Critchley et al., 2001), implicating it in anger processing (Damasio et al., 2000) and core aspects of emotion (Damasio, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 551, "input_1": "In barley roots, using GGT inhibitors in association with the thiol oxidizing molecule diamide resulted in a net glutathione extrusion and accumulation in the extracellularmedium (Ferretti et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 552, "input_1": "A number of studies have delineated in DAFC-66D the 320bp Amplification Control Element on the third chromosome, ACE3, required for high levels of amplification (Figure 3C) (de Cicco and Spradling, 1984; Delidakis and Kafatos, 1989; Orr-Weaver et al., 1989; Orr-Weaver and Spradling, 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 553, "input_1": "To fulfill these functions, Hsp90 interacts with its cofactors and cochaperones including Hsp70, immunophilins, and p23, to form the Hsp90based chaperone complex.(1,2) Natural compounds such as geldanamycin and radicicol bind the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, and disrupt its chaperone function.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 554, "input_1": "Our extensive sampling of the first exon of bindin over the entire species range has confirmed the finding of McCartney and Lessios (2004) from Panamanian populations that selection is acting on this molecule in E. lucunter.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 555, "input_1": "In Igf2mutantmice, nutrient transporters are initially upregulated when there is first evidence of maldevelopment of the interhaemal compartment in the placental labyrinth layer (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 556, "input_1": "an XX/XY or ZZ/ZW system, respectively), individuals of the heterogametic sex possess sexspecific genomic regions for which sex-specific molecular genetic markers can be developed (Gamble 2016; Griffiths and Tiwari 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 557, "input_1": "Antibiotic production is perceived to provide a fitness benefit to the producer by inhibiting the growth of competing microbes (Williams and Vickers, 1986; Firn and Jones, 2000; Davelos et al., 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 558, "input_1": "previously hypothesized that disturbance in the pseudoautosomal regions may disrupt pairing of the sex chromosomes during meiosis [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 559, "input_1": "In the Pascal VOC Part dataset [3], we used four parts for the bird category.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 560, "input_1": "The other potential source of discrepancy in the results between the two studies is the experimental task – in the study of\nTodd et al. (2004) the subjects had to specify the position of the local extrema of the depth function on a single scan line while in the present experiment the subjects had…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 561, "input_1": "We consider as unknown true system the half-load model of the flexible transmission system used as a benchmark in a special issue of the European Journal of Control (Landau et al., 1995b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 562, "input_1": "Exercise has been recommended for the prescription but the exact intensity of physical activity is still unclear (Duschek and Schandry, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 563, "input_1": "Our results agree with previous\n19\nreports showing that a single exposure to dexamethasone rapidly stimulated Sgk1 mRNA in cell cultures (Wang et al., 2007) and that a single injection of DEX in vivo resulted in increased Fkbp5 mRNA in mice (Scharf et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 564, "input_1": "…of the most abundant synaptic proteins, Ca2+/calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), is concentrated at postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in spines (Kennedy et al., 1983), along with downstream substrates, including NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs) and AMPA-receptors (AMPA-Rs) (Yoshimura et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 565, "input_1": "We use Minimum Error Rate Training (MERT) [17] for tuning the lambda values for all systems, and we report results in terms of BLEU score [18] on lowercased output with tokenized punctuation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 566, "input_1": "Concerning age, other studies that included dogs treated with trilostane or mitotane have reported similar results.(33,35) In contrast, age was not reported to be associated with survival in another study that included dogs treated with trilostane, and our results are consistent with theirs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 567, "input_1": "…or slightly improved discrimination even when comparing our results to the subset of studies that used a GRS constructed with a similar set of SNPs (Brautbar et al., 2012; Hughes et al., 2012; Thanassoulis et al., 2012; Ganna et al., 2013; Thanassoulis et al., 2013; Tikkanen et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 568, "input_1": "While our objective, the symmetric difference, is similar to the one used in k-effector [21], our novel formulation does not require the knowledge of the number of infection sources k.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 569, "input_1": "It is to be noted that the theories for SNRe and CNRe (Varghese and Ophir 1997R, 1998) provide upper bounds on the corresponding values and, therefore, the simulation and experimental results are expected to be lower than the theoretical values.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 570, "input_1": "Metaanalysis was undertaken using the meta command in PLINK [19] in the entire samples and in a sample limited to individuals treated with a serotonergic antidepressant.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 571, "input_1": "The techniques used in this field [3], [4], [5] have to do with agent-based models and simulations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 572, "input_1": "The polydispersity value of 3.9 observed for the two-stage, OS7 derived lignin (Table 5) was relatively high when compared to previously reported values (Pan et al., 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 573, "input_1": "Previously, we reported that HMGA1 is a novel target of ATM following DNA damage (Pentimalli et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 574, "input_1": "1986) and used to determine ptDNA copy number (Oldenburg and Bendich 2004; Zheng et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 575, "input_1": "17Recently, Davidsson & Sibbertsen (2002) introduced a model which nests the Error Duration model of Parke (1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 576, "input_1": "Consistent with previous reports that acute in vitro exposure of brain slices to kynurenine enhances KYNA synthesis (Turski et al., 1989; Gramsbergen et al., 1997; Scharfman et al., 1999), incubation of rat hippocampal slices with 200 M kynurenine led to a continuous de novo synthesis of endogenous…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 577, "input_1": "Moreover, canids are the only known eutherian mammals to carry a Prdm9 which has acquired disruptive mutations (Mu~ noz-Fuentes et al. 2011; Ponting 2011; Axelsson et al. 2012) (a marsupial, the opossum Monodelphis domestica, has a Prdm9 which lacks zinc fingers; Ponting 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 578, "input_1": "The low level of Cd can be attributed to its continuous removal by leafy green plants grown in the designated areas (Yadav et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 579, "input_1": "…but moderately correlated with reaction time interpretation bias, suggesting that the two measures assess separate but related processes (Amir et al. 2012; Beard and Amir 2009).1 Given the intriguing but somewhat contradictory findings of these preliminary WSAP studies, we sought to…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 580, "input_1": "In a third cross-sectional study of 680 elderly men in the US, long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution was associated with lower Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores as well as with lower global cognitive function (Power et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 581, "input_1": "Such results may point out that ROS might be the major mechanism of the nanoHA– ZnO granules’ antibacterial effect, which is in good agreement with other reports [10, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 582, "input_1": "Other clinical scales used were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) [34], the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) [72], the severity subscale of the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) [25], the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) [19], and the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 583, "input_1": "Several practical, environmental, and biochemical characteristics of EOs make them a potential alternative for insect pest management [3,4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 584, "input_1": "This is important because organisms seldom follow a single optimal path [43], and because redundant connections help to ensure continued connectivity in the face of unpredictable environmental changes [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 585, "input_1": "Cells were analysed on a FACScan device (Becton Dickinson) as described previously (Hu et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 586, "input_1": "Executive functioning or meta-cognition was examined using either the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive FunctionParent (BRIEF) [Gioia et al., 2000] or the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult Version (BRIEF-A) [Roth et al., 2005].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 587, "input_1": "For the formal definition of safety an areaS was introduced in (Rüdiger et al., 2007a) and further discussed in (Rüdiger et al., 2007b), which leads to catastrophic consequences when left.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 588, "input_1": "The conditions of the incubation reactions as well as the concentration of the substrate reaction probes utilized were established based on previous CYP450 inhibition studies by our group in human liver microsomes [20–24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 589, "input_1": "[8,18] These signs as well as others could be used to help develop a diagnostic algorithm, as proposed by Nguena et al, to help clinicians identify OSSN and know when to appropriately refer for more specialized care.[8] Tumor depth could also provide a simple clinical measure to use in order to differentiate between high risk OSSN and benign lesions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 590, "input_1": "The first experimental contribution to unravelling the molecular mechanism of CRISPR processing came from Escherichia coli studies (Brouns et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 591, "input_1": "Generation of overlays to compare molecular shape and charge distribution with a known ligand\nIn addition to property and pharmacophore-based filtering, Screenlamp invokes the ROCS [10] software to generate 3D molecular overlays to evaluate similarity in volumetric and chemistry (or “color” [69]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 592, "input_1": "This fact agrees with our previous data, which showed that ATP production after UV treatment is attributable to the metabolism of the DNA degradation products [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 593, "input_1": "This suggests a generalized reinforcement rule that is still in the class of EWA [12, 18] approaches:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 594, "input_1": "In addition, I followed the approach pioneered by Brownlee et al. (1969) and Novotny et al. (1986, 1990b) and compiled examples of differences in composition between secretions (in the broadest sense, i.e. including urine, faeces, breath etc.) from different categories of mammal, (for example,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 595, "input_1": "A number of studies have been published recently, which analyze the location, orientation, and identity ofmacromolecular complexes, based on the outcome of template-matching (Brandt et al., 2009; Ortiz et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 596, "input_1": "…it has been recognized that Tertiary Neogene tectonic and palaeogeographical reorganization have also been important drivers of the origin of Neotropical (Pennington et al. 2004; Hoorn et al. 2010; Rull 2011) and temperate biodiversity (Quiroga & Premoli 2010; S ersic et al. 2011) in South America.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 597, "input_1": "1998), to provide great £exibility in testing evolutionary hypotheses (Huelsenbeck & Rannala 1997), and simply to give excellent results in the inference of evolutionary relationships (Kuhner & Felsenstein 1994; Huelsenbeck 1995). Constraints imposed by computational complexity are becoming less restrictive as computers improve. Given the recognition of phylogenetic inference as being inherently statistical in nature, it is surprising that so little attention has been paid to experimental design. A number of topics of relevance to experimental design in phylogenetics have been discussed previously. There is something of a folklore surrounding the choice of genes or other genomic regions for investigating particular evolutionary questions, but almost no published quantitative results. It is widely accepted that sequences that have undergone very little evolutionary change since their divergence from a common ancestor, through low substitution rates or short evolutionary times, will exhibit too few di¡erences to contain useful evolutionary information. Equally, sequences that have undergone very large amounts of change (high rates or long times) become `saturated' with changes and no evolutionary signal is detectable amid the noise. Consequently, a happy medium is expected at some intermediate level of sequence divergence, but the àsymptotic' results (for extreme high and low levels of divergence) give no clue as to where this lies. Although there is considerable experience with particular genes and organisms (see Hillis et al. (1996, pp. 336^339) for an extensive list of studies), where comparisons among genes have been made they tend to be evaluated empirically by the congruence of the results obtained among themselves and with researchers'a priori expectations. In addition, a large laboratory e¡ort is needed before even these qualitative conclusions can be reached. The methods introduced in this paper can quantify the e¡ects of varying levels of divergence. They con¢rm the belief that intermediate levels of...", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 598, "input_1": "Measurements of pH and pepsin in the refluxate thus provide information helpful to an understanding of the pathophysiology in these patients (17, 23, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 599, "input_1": "In addition to expression in the fetus, Igf2 is expressed by the placenta (Constância et al. 2002) and mice lacking the placenta-specific Igf2 transcript show IUGRaswell as placentas that are small and have altered nutrient transport (Constância et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 600, "input_1": "CDDO-Me is a synthetic triterpenoid that was under phase III clinical development for the treatment of advanced chronic kidney disease (37, 38) However, due to adverse events in the phase III clinical trial, further development of CDDO-Me was terminated (39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 601, "input_1": "Nevertheless, previous studies from the same setting in 2011 [23], and subsequently in 2012–2014 [38], persistently identified a role of B.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 602, "input_1": "Efficient phytoextraction species should translocate high quantities of heavy metals (HMs) into their aboveground biomass without toxicity symptoms, and at the same time produce large amounts of biomass (Vangronsveld et al., 2009; Luo et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 603, "input_1": "…from the word meaning in a color–word Stroop task (Fan et al., 2003; MacDonald et al., 2000; MacLeod, 1991) or from flankers in a flanker task (Fan et al., 2003; Casey et al., 2000; Botvinick et al., 1999; Cohen & Shoup, 1997; Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974)] can be estimated as less than or equal…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 604, "input_1": "A region with considerable high lead occurrence is the Beaufort Sea which is in accordance with the results ofMiles and Barry(1998). Rigor et al.(2002) described the ice drift in the Beaufort Sea, which follows the rotational movement of the Beaufort Gyre.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 605, "input_1": "This hypothesis is supported by the previous studies indicating that RAN was targeted by vesicular stomatitis virus to block transport of RNAs and proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis oocytes [50].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 606, "input_1": "Oral disposition index (DI), a measure of pancreatic b-cell function in response to ambient insulin sensitivity, was calculated as: INS0–60/GLC0–60 9 Matsuda index (Abdul-Ghani et al. 2006; Miyazaki et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 607, "input_1": "Most of these atlases are based on a single animal (Cannestra et al., 1997; Saleem and Logothetis, 2006; Van Essen, 2002, 2004); while others are based on small samples of 6–12 animals (Black et al., 2001a; Black et al., 2001b; Greer et al., 2002; Vincent et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 608, "input_1": "Approximately 1/3 of the glucan in DGS is starch, indicating the need for amylase as well as cellulase (Kim et al., 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 609, "input_1": "Using this strategy, we generated HA-tagged chimeras encoding the N-terminal domain of PR NS1 fused to the C terminus of Tx NS1 [PR(1-80)Tx(81-230)] and vice versa [Tx(180)PR(81-230)].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 610, "input_1": "A growing number of animal studies showed that imaging or therapeutic agents larger than the BBB’s exclusion threshold of 400 Da could be successfully delivered by FUS with microbubbles (Alonso et al. 2013; Choi et al. 2007; Choi et al. 2010a; Hynynen et al. 2001; Kinoshita et al. 2006; Marquet et al. 2014; Shen et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 611, "input_1": "This supports and complements the recent results of Baik, Deift, and Johansson (1999), who apparently knew of the monte-carlo results of Odlyzko and Rains (2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 612, "input_1": "While previous pharmacological studies of AVP have often yielded ambiguous anxiety results, the most consistent data on the effects of AVP is the stimulation of a stereotypy of scratching and autogrooming (Meisenberg, 1988; Moody et al, 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 613, "input_1": ", 2010) and Zn (Religa et al., 2006) have been observed in the cortex of human AD patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 614, "input_1": "oped a new scoring system based on consensus between clinicians that allows better correspondence between the vastly adopted CBCL scale and the currently employed DSM-IV diagnostic criteria [3, 4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 615, "input_1": "The commercial vaccines, Gavac and TickGARD, contained the recombinant R. microplus Bm86 gut antigen (Willadsen et al. 1989; Rand et al. 1989; Rodríguez et al. 1994; de la Fuente and Kocan 2003; de la Fuente et al. 2007a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 616, "input_1": "Neuropsychological testing\nParticipants completed the World Health Organization (WHO)/NIMH/UCLA international battery (Maj et al. 1993, 1994) consisting of measures designed to assess the following skills: motor speed and fine motor control, verbal and visual memory, attention, and cognitive…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 617, "input_1": "These morphologic findings in nonhuman primate fetuses are comparable with early anatomic descriptions of the DV morphology in human fetuses.(9,11,14,15) The intrahepatic BPV in nonhuman primate fetuses possess a well-organized media with a higher density of smooth muscle cells than the isthmic portion of the DV.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 618, "input_1": "We can then use Uppaal [12] to check the satisfiability of φ over finite timed words, or LTSmin [10] with opaal front-end to check satisfiability over infinite timed words.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 619, "input_1": "The fiber length distribution and coarseness were measured using a fiber quality analyzer (FQA, OpTest Equipment Inc., Hawkesbury, Canada) with an average of 5,000 fibers analyzed as previously described (Ju et al. 2013b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 620, "input_1": "We will therefore continue to use the previously suggested nomenclature of hKL (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a) to indicate the “late” or “last” hK intermediate, which relaxes directly to hL in the room-temperature photocycle and which is the structural analog of KL (or KL) in the bR photocycle.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 621, "input_1": "The single study we examined that was limited to trials initiated after the ICMJE statement still found primary outcome inconsistencies in 15 of 55 (27 %) included trials [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 622, "input_1": "[11] take the simplest possible approach to constructing a subspace which captures the variation in illumination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 623, "input_1": "The defects of yeast ubc9-1\nmutants in the degradation of B-type cyclins may also indicate a link between SUMOylation and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (Seufert et al\n., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 624, "input_1": "recent studies have shown that lifetime incidence could be as high as 25 % [1, 5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 625, "input_1": "MacLeod, personal communication) in a small, isolated mountain range (Cerros del Sira) in Huánuco department (Herzog and Kessler 1998; MacLeod et al. 2006; BirdLife International 2011d; Gastañaga Corvacho et al. 2011). Gastañaga Corvacho et al. (2011) presented evidence for elevating both subspecies to species rank, which is followed here.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 626, "input_1": "A recent qualitative study explored the views of individuals living with SCI towards the descriptive systems of six established instruments (15D, AQoL 8-dimension questionnaire (AQoL-8D) [28], EQ5D-5L [29], HUI, QWB-SA [30] and the SF-36v2 [31]) [32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 627, "input_1": "By modulating the membrane conductance of the postsynaptic neurons, tonic inhibition greatly influences the excitability of single neurons as well as networks [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 628, "input_1": "At the same time, Snail also regulates the transcription of Ncadherin [21, 22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 629, "input_1": "An extensive survey of features for quality flaw recognition has been provided by Anderka et al. (2012). We selected a subset of these features for our experiments and grouped them into four feature sets in order to determine how well different combinations of features perform in the task.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 630, "input_1": "Andean uplift was one of the major drivers of biodiversity organization in South America (Gentry 1982; Jørgensen & Le on-Y anez 1999; Antonelli et al. 2010; Hoorn et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 631, "input_1": "Since the elements of the p √ó p coefficient matrix in VAR model should be estimated and determined whether they are zero or not, we use Lasso for sparse learning like BSSMVAR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 632, "input_1": "This issue has very little been studied in the context of reproductive outcomes (Brauer et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 633, "input_1": "However, evidences of CPGs structures have been proposed for human (Duysens and Van de Crommert, 1998; Marder, 2000), initially for locomotion while recent insights suggest that the concept of CPG applies to the upper limb as well (see e.g. Dietz, 2002; Zehr et al., 2004; White et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 634, "input_1": "A MANET [14] consists of a set of mobile wireless terminals forming impromptu networks on the basis of nodes’ encounters while they move in a shared ph ysical environment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 635, "input_1": "The regularization method introduced in [16] and our present regularized method were conceived with quite different purposes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 636, "input_1": "Antibody-specific escape mutations in HIV-1 typically occur within the epitope targeted by the antibody (Andrus et al., 1998; Diskin et al., 2011; Horwitz et al., 2013; Klein et al., 2012; West et al., 2013), although allosteric mutations may also alter antibody binding in some cases (Bradley et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 637, "input_1": "Patients with hyperuricemia often have glomerular hypertrophy and tubule interstitial injury independent of intrarenal crystal formation [6, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 638, "input_1": "However, these results are in contrast to those studies that suggest that only osteocytes are capable of stimulating osteogenesis (Heino et al., 2004; Hoey et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 639, "input_1": "mine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake, and the enhanced monoaminergic signals lead to addictive behaviors (Ritz et al. 1990; Ritz et al. 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 640, "input_1": "However, this was inconsistent with the investigations that showed a generally higher abundance of the tryptophan-like components in Lake Taihu than in its tributary samples (Yao et al. 2011; Zhou et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 641, "input_1": "SphK1 was found over-expressed in ovarian cancer [30, 31], participating tumorigenesis and tumor cell resistance [30–32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 642, "input_1": "The most common carboxylates in root exudates (citrate, malate, malonate, acetate, fumarate, succinate, lactate and oxalate) are primarily involved in respiration, stomatal regulation and other metabolic pathways (Rengel and Marschner 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 643, "input_1": "Typically however, when a fungus was isolated from a seed, it was the only isolate, and roughly 74% seeds were free of all culturable fungi (Shipunov et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 644, "input_1": "Anderson and von Meyenburg (1) likewise observed that the specific rate of respiration by E.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 645, "input_1": "1 The stratified bisimulation relations (Milner, 1980; Hennessy and Milner, 1985) ∼k⊆ Pr× Pr for k ∈ N are defined as follows:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 646, "input_1": "In an attempt to overcome this limitation, Achenbach, Dumenici, and Rescorla [4] developed a new scoring system based on consensus between clinicians that allows better correspondence between the vastly adopted CBCL scales and the currently employed DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 647, "input_1": "CGRP increases the proliferation of osteoblasts (9,17), prevents bone loss when delivered systemically to ovariectomized (OVX) rats (18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 648, "input_1": "GSH/GSSG, reduced PC/oxidised PC, and reduced Protein/oxidised Protein) can protect cells from oxidative damage (Tsuji et al., 2002), this produces an imbalance in the redox status that may lead to other unwanted effects such as changes in intracellular pH, which is, to our knowledge, an effect that has not been explored to date.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 649, "input_1": "The persistence of arctic ground squirrels in the low elevation-meadow and alpinemeadow habitats in 2008–10, and the simultaneous extirpation of ground squirrels from the boreal forest since 1998 (Donker and Krebs 2011), provides supportive evidence that the boreal forest is functioning as sink habitat for arctic ground squirrels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 650, "input_1": "As previously demonstrated by our group (20), the BHT model resembles human UIP because of clear evidence of alveolar collapse and chronic scarring, typically patchy subpleural or paraseptal distribution, evidence of active fibrosis as fibroblastic foci, and intervening normal areas.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 651, "input_1": "In agreement, repression of Fgf signalling results in a similar but much stronger phenotype compared to down-regulation of Satb1, with all ICM cells expressing EPI lineage markers (Frankenberg et al., 2011; Yamanaka et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 652, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with previous ones (Gabrielson et al., 2002; Al-Bakri and Afifi, 2007), so that such assays seem to be not particularly useful for enterococci.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 653, "input_1": "’s [14] study had an exercise regimen consisting of a variety of endurance activities which included a cross-training mix of treadmill walking/jogging, stationary cycling, seated rowing, stationary stair climbing and weight training.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 654, "input_1": "movements that are relevant to late stages of folding, as described elsewhere (60,78).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 655, "input_1": "This is regarded as the onset of the average Si-O coordination number increasing from 6 to 6+ (“6+-fold (Si)” in this figure) in each glass (see Murakami and Bass 2010, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 656, "input_1": "Demonstration of intrathecal immunoglobulin and antibody synthesis are powerful tools for diagnosis of neurological disorders, as has been shown for multiple sclerosis and several infectious diseases of the CNS (Reiber and Lange, 1991; Felgenhauer and Reiber, 1992; Andersson et al., 1994; Tumani et al., 1995; Reiber and Peter, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 657, "input_1": "…in cuticle thickness reported\n here is in agreement with other studies which show that cuticle thickness increases (e.g. Gratani and Bonito 2009; Varone and Gratani 2009) and wax formation continues (e.g. Bukovac et al. 1979; Gülz et al. 1991; McWhorter et al. 1990) throughout leaf expansion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 658, "input_1": "LASTZ represents a new implementation of the previous BLASTZ (30) algorithm and includes several improvements (29).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 659, "input_1": "each capture the contributions of classes of radiation effects: hard, collinear and wide-angle soft radiation [34–39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 660, "input_1": "We compare SISI with the dynamic programming algorithm, temporarily called k-effector, in [21] when the infection process follows the IC model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 661, "input_1": "Figure 6 shows the segmentation of the AVG page with the implementation of the BOM approach.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 662, "input_1": "The membrane fluorescence and lipid fluidity of cells were measured in accordance with the method described by Shinitzky and Inbar [30, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 663, "input_1": "On the other hand, transgenes were expressed in the central nervous system and in the retina, tissues where collagen VI was not detected (Marvulli et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 664, "input_1": ", 2003), none identify specific mechanisms by which successful invaders establish and expand their new ranges (Ehrlich, 1989; Mack et al., 2000; Viet and Lewis, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 665, "input_1": "The update rule above is a special instance of a more general experience-weighted attraction rule [12, 18], which has been shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data on human learning in repeated games.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 666, "input_1": "RNA molecules are extremely sensitive and easily degraded by ribonucleases (RNases) or contaminated by genomic DNA during the isolation process (Schroeder et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 667, "input_1": "The third model, which assumes unrelatedness, accounts for the possibility “that the blunted VS response as observed in individuals with ADHD is related to additional disease-related factors and not trait impulsivity per se” (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 668, "input_1": "For the linguistic feature extraction phase we wrapped several state-of-the-art NLP tools: Stanford CoreNLP12 for POS, NERC, TERN, and coreference resolution; mate-tools13 for DP and SRL, with mappings between frame resources from the Predicate Matrix [10]; DBpedia Spotlight14 for EL; and, UKB15 for WSD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 669, "input_1": "Firstly, the intracellular phosphoprotein networks investigated (pathways or single mediators integrating signaling through several pathways) are important for downstream signaling from growth factor receptors commonly expressed by primary human AML cells [12, 13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 670, "input_1": "For cartilage staining, embryos were fixed for 2 hours to overnight in buffered 4% formaldehyde, rinsed briefly in distilled water and transferred directly into a 0.1% solution of Alcian blue to stain overnight (Dingerkus and Uhler, 1977).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 671, "input_1": "This probably contributes to a fast down-regulation of the fulllength ABI3 in ripe seeds, which is necessary to inhibit the seed maturation program in germinating seeds (Sugliani et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 672, "input_1": "In the first pass, we display the diffuse lobe of the BRDF through spherical harmonic environment map rendering [Ramamoorthi and Hanrahan 2001].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 673, "input_1": "Scientometric studies employing bibliometric analyses have been used on many occasions to study scientific specialty profiles (e.g., Rorissa and Yuan 2012; Bajwa et al. 2013; Sanz-Casado et al. 2013) and domain mapping (e.g., White and McCain 1998; Reid and Chen 2007; Liu et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 674, "input_1": "During this differentiation, the bacterium forms a cytoplasmic region of size half the cell’s length and a large periplasmic region with a small invasion tip (Iwatani et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 675, "input_1": "This condition has been described variously, as intramural coronary artery, mural coronary artery, coronary artery overbridging, and most commonly myocardial bridging (MB) (Canyigit et al. 2009; Lazoura et al. 2010; Mohlenkamp et al. 2002; Montaudon et al. 2007; Ozbag et al. 2002; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 676, "input_1": ", 2010), and consequently breast biomechanics research has made recommendations to wear a high level of breast support (sports bra) when exercising to reduce breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010; White et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 677, "input_1": "In addition, human Lpin1 polymorphisms have been associated with numerous metabolic traits including insulin and/or glucose levels (Suviolahti et al., 2006; Loos et al., 2007; Wiedmann et al., 2008), resting metabolic rate (Loos et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 678, "input_1": "GM requires that the input to a neuron is highly variable, and it vanishes for a constant input current (Holt & Koch, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 679, "input_1": "Thus, a role for glutamate and excitotoxicity in the direct mechanisms of ALS is appearing tenuous (Martin, 2010a), and the concept has so far failed to bear effective therapeutic fruit after more than 20 years (Rothstein et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 680, "input_1": "Data on relative testes size were taken from an earlier review (Kappeler 1997a, eight species), gathered from the literature (nine species) and through personal communication with colleagues (six species).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 681, "input_1": "Only, two studies [3, 56] reported inclusion criteria for entry into the maintenance phase.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 682, "input_1": "It was demonstrated previously that BPD provides excellent results in long-term weight loss maintenance, resolution or improvement of severe metabolic disorders that are often associated with obesity, and ultimately improved QOL.(7-12,16-22,33-36) Conversely, restrictive procedures have not provided the same satisfactory results in other reports, particularly in controlling type 2 diabetes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 683, "input_1": "Samples were applied to a capillary electrophoresis system equipped with an Agilent 6210 time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CE-TOFMS, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), as previously described [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 684, "input_1": "[22] References were identified through PubMed for papers published in English between January 1970 and September 2014, which reported population based studies of skin disorders, with specific reference to impetigo or pyoderma prevalence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 685, "input_1": "Temporal patterning of EOM myogenesis is, in part, directed by visual- and vestibular-driven eye movements, since maldevelopment of either sensory system impairs EOM development (5, 7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 686, "input_1": "While there has been ground-breaking progress in determining the structures of several members of the pLGIC family, from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin, an unequivocal assignment of functional states to these conformations has not been achieved (Unwin and Fujiyoshi, 2012; Du et al., 2015; Hilf and Dutzler, 2009, 2008; Sauguet et al., 2013; Bocquet et al., 2009; Miller and Aricescu, 2014; Hassaine et al., 2014; Hibbs and Gouaux, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 687, "input_1": "Variations in transcript levels were determined by real time PCR amplification of cDNAs of interest after RT of total mRNAs, as previously detailed (Nadam et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 688, "input_1": "The systemic nature of this disease is reflected in the involvement of multiple organ systems, including skin, lungs, and vasculature as well as diffuse tissue inflammation and increased risk of atherosclerosis (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 689, "input_1": "1, CD62L, CD44, Streptavidin (BD Biosciences), Gr-1 (in house), and a conjugate of NP to phycoerythrein, made as described (28), were used to identify leukocyte subsets by flow cytometry, with absolute cell numbers determined by live cell count in 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 690, "input_1": "Each fragment was purified and submitted to sequence analysis in the MegaBACE 1000 DNA Analysis System (Amersham Biosciences).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 691, "input_1": "Regarding the RNA content of EVs, they were found to carry both mRNAs and small RNAs (Valadi et al., 2007; Crescitelli et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 692, "input_1": "It should be noted that in the absence of BDM, an elevated level of perfusate calcium normally causes NADH levels to decrease because NADH consumption is also stimulated (35).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 693, "input_1": "Expression values for PIF3 were calculated using the equation 2-ΔΔCt, and 18S rRNA served as the control (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001; Pfaffl, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 694, "input_1": "For the non-smoothing solution not in H(1)(Ω), a element-local L2 projection technique was presented in [14] to deal with the nonconvex Lipschitz polyhedron with reentrant corners and edges.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 695, "input_1": "ization properties (4), and their in vivo optimization and therapeutic efficacy in HER2-overexpressing tumor models (27).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 696, "input_1": "[13] performed splenic artery embolization prior to trans-splenic management of portal vein occlusion in three children.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 697, "input_1": "(66) we can get\nqðxlyÞ ¼ Xk ‘¼1 G xlA‘y þ c‘;s2‘ pð‘lyÞ;\npð‘lyÞ ¼ Gðylm‘;L‘Þa‘Xk ‘¼1 Gðylm‘;L‘Þa‘ ;\nð86Þ\nwhich is a typical case of the alternative mixture-of-expert model (Xu, 1998a; Xu et al., 1995) for mapping y ! x: On the average, we have the regression EðxlyÞ ¼ Pk‘¼1 pð‘lyÞ ðA‘y þ c‘Þ…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 698, "input_1": "However, rats are able to discriminate harmful food from harmless food by their well-developed olfactory system (Kalat and Rozin 1973; Rana et al. 1975; Bhardwaj and Prakash 1982; Balakrishnan and Alexander 1985).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 699, "input_1": "A subclone named M5 with enhanced metastatic abilities in liver and a subclone named SCP 51 with enhanced metastatic abilities in liver and lymph node were isolated by in vivo selection of SW480 cells through a process described in our previous studies [18-20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 700, "input_1": "The use of bisimilarity in this context is particularly attractive because, as essentially shown in (Hennessy and Milner, 1985), bisimilarity provides an abstraction technique that preserves the truth and falsehood of any formula expressed in the µ-calculus (Kozen, 1983), and hence all CTL∗ (Dam,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 701, "input_1": "Consistent with the results of previous studies using poeciliid fish (e.g., Dosen and Montgomerie 2004b; Plath et al. 2008; Wong and McCarthy 2009; Ziege et al. 2009; Jeswiet et al. 2011) and other taxa (e.g., Schwagmeyer and Parker 1990; White and Galef 1999), male guppies here tended to reduce…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 702, "input_1": "Only some plasma or blood values in field conditions in different areas from Morocco [3], China [4], and Saudi Arabia [5] are available in the literature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 703, "input_1": "The previously published evaluation of outcomes took place three months after baseline measurement and the follow-up outcome measurement reported in the present paper was conducted one year after baseline measurement [18,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 704, "input_1": "This is not only an interesting problem by itself [3], but is also a key component to many potential applications including 3D reconstruction [1, 7, 8], graphical navigation [3, 2], and content-based retrieval [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 705, "input_1": "The effects of two osmolytes, sarcosine and sorbitol, were studied for their ability to stabilize hemoglobin against heat-induced dissociation followed by aggregation [55].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 706, "input_1": "The point probe for fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy was also evaluated in a Phase II study on a similar number of tissue specimens—and these results were comparable to those obtained by other groups.(54,55,74,75) This investigation helped to identify the causes of measurement variability in the clinical setting (eg, differences in menopausal status), giving information essential for developing effective downstream normalization and analytical approaches.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 707, "input_1": "In this scenario, actin filament polymerization within the gap between the ER tubule surrounding the mitochondria and the mitochondrial outer membrane (Figure 8A) results in localized pressure that drives mitochondrial constriction to diameters required for Drp1 helix formation (Korobova et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 708, "input_1": "Taken together with studies on the function of female ornamentation (Lebas 2006; Weiss 2006; Pryke 2007; reviewed in Amundsen & Parn 2006) and song in female songbirds (Ritchison 1983; Catchpole & Slater 1995; Searcy & Yasukawa 1995; Langmore 1998), these results suggest that the processes…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 709, "input_1": "We and others have applied several treatments for RN, such as anticoagulants, vitamin E, corticosteroids, and surgical resection [2-4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 710, "input_1": "…(Xu, 1998a; Xu et al., 1995), as well as normalized RBF nets (Moody & Darken, 1989; Nowlan, 1990; Xu et al., 1994) and its extensions (Xu, 1998a), but also new adaptive algorithms for learning and new criteria for deciding the number of hidden units, experts, and basis functions (Xu, 1998a, 2001b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 711, "input_1": "Lithium chloride is an inhibitor to both GSK3α and GSK3β isoforms, which has been shown to increase IL-17-induced gene expression in two previous studies (8, 20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 712, "input_1": "For example, we could construct information divergence interpretations of other message-passing algorithms, such as generalized belief propagation (Yedidia et al., 2004), max-product versions of BP and TRW (Wainwright et al., 2005a), Laplace propagation (Smola et al., 2003), and bound propagation…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 713, "input_1": "Criteria for intracellular identification of the ventral superficial muscle motoneurons have been described in detail (Chapple and Krans 2004; Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 714, "input_1": "For experiments measuring the effect of Sch-28080 and ouabain on pHi recovery in ICs, only basolateral Cl removal was used to differentiate IC types (15, 17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 715, "input_1": "Recently, Korayem and Bamdad [4] determined the dynamic load carrying capacity of a typical cable suspended manipulator regarding tensile capacity of cables and actuators torque capacity for a given trajectory in a specified time, and Korayem et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 716, "input_1": "The preparation of plasma membrane and isolation of caveolae were achieved using the methods mentioned above (35, 40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 717, "input_1": "Moreover, reinforcement learning allows the agent to be both reactive and adaptive, but it requires a simple yet consistent representation of the task environment [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 718, "input_1": "PAN is directly activated by RTA and is the most abundant viral transcript in the lytic cycle [3,6–8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 719, "input_1": "PCR Testing The PCR assays performed at our institutions have been described previously in detail (2, 12, 13, 15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 720, "input_1": "for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) [142, 143], and label-free quantitative methods [144, 145] such as selected/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) [146,", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 721, "input_1": "On the other hand, ATP recognition has been studied because of its significant roles in biological systems, and thus number of ATP-targeting fluorescent probes have been reported over the last few decades [25–27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 722, "input_1": "In fact, we were able to explain up to 39% of the ethnic differences in EBV seroprevalences, of which socioeconomic position was the most important contributor, which is in line with previous studies.(42,44) However, it has been suggested that ethnic differences could not be explained by crowding.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 723, "input_1": "…Lamirande and Gagnon (2002)\nSulindac sulphid Ras-Raf Interaction – 100 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) ZM336372 Raf, competitive inhibition 0.07– 0.007 3 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) PD98059 prevents MEK activation by Raf 4–50 50 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) U126 inhibits activated MEK…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 724, "input_1": "Redistribution of synaptic efficacy has been observed following Hebbian pairing (Markram and Tsodyks, 1996) and this change reflects a change in U (Tsodyks and Markram, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 725, "input_1": "The first subclass is discussed by Trivers (1971) in terms of reciprocal altruism.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 726, "input_1": "Although the time-constants of the learning window used in this study were much shorter than those reported for hippocampal neurons by Bi and Poo [27] (viz.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 727, "input_1": ", shootin1 and Singar1/2 (44, 45)] resulting from asymmetric intrinsic or extrinsic factors could also serve as the initial trigger for the activation of PI3K.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 728, "input_1": "The average rate at which these radioactive boluses were transported along the trachea by mucociliary activity was measured by using six aligned 8-mm-thick scintillation detectors in conjunction with a six-channel count/time recorder, as previously described (31, 38).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 729, "input_1": "In Table 1, we also include the 40-core times for a modified version of the best publicly available parallel suffix tree code of Blelloch and Shun [2] (labeled PST).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 730, "input_1": "Similar data were found by Nir et al. (1994a) and Nir et al. (1995), who reported that the pelleting process reduced proventriculus and gizzard weight, as well as their contents, without changing the pH of these segments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 731, "input_1": "…co-infection to be associated with increased variability of parasite strains (Chicharro et al. 2003; Mathis et al. 2005) or the discovery of previously unknown strains (Pieniazek et al. 1999; Gramiccia, 2003), but the origin and epidemiological characteristics of these strains are often unknown.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 732, "input_1": "Data on sex, age, health characteristics such as hospital stay, antibiotic therapy during the previous three months and surgery within the past 30 days, current healthcare-associated infection and/ or antibiotic therapy, presence of urinary or vascular catheters, pressure sores and other wounds as well as case history for MDRO were obtained for all participants, using the well-established HALT questionnaire (healthcare-associated infections in LTCFs) in Europe [32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 733, "input_1": "Although these studies indicate that the invasion process is at least in part deterministic (Duncan et al., 2003), none identify specific mechanisms by which successful invaders establish and expand their new ranges (Ehrlich, 1989; Mack et al., 2000; Viet and Lewis, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 734, "input_1": "Notice that this implementation of the framework is a reconstruction of the implementation proposed in Peng et al. (2012) by following the MAPE-K architecture, integrating uncertainty handling and adopting quantitative goal reasoning.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 735, "input_1": "The rapid growth of aquatic plants such as harmful algal blooms and consequently depletion of dissolved oxygen takes place in the eutrophication phenomenon [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 736, "input_1": "Several laparoscopic techniques have been described as alternatives for the endoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriomas: cyst wall laser vaporization preceded or not by medical therapy (Brosens et al., 1996; Donnez et al., 1996; Sutton et al., 1997), drainage and bipolar coagulation of the cyst wall (Beretta et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 737, "input_1": "These data are in agreement with reports of clinical cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats which have only been reported from Southeastern, Midwestern, and Mid-Atlantic states and not from California, Colorado, North Dakota, Ohio, or West Virginia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 738, "input_1": "Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that responses to HDR appear to be independent of the influences of neck muscle afferents, baroreflexes, central command, visual input, and increased intracranial pressure (14, 25, 26, 34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 739, "input_1": "In particular, this research is situated within the broader framework of the social shaping of technology (SST) approach (MacKenzie & Wajcman, 1999; Williams & Edge, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 740, "input_1": "The pathogenesis of PCOS still remains largely obscure, but more and more studies have implicated a number of genes [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 741, "input_1": "For the individual species mapping approach, predictive models were developed from the museum occurrence data using the GARP modeling system (Stockwell and Noble, 1992; Stockwell and Peters, 1999; Stockwell, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 742, "input_1": "Examples include minimum variance portfolio (Jorion, 1985; 1986), short-sell constrained minimum variance portfolios (Jagannathan and Ma, 2003), the equally weighted diversification (DeMiguel, Garlappi and Uppal, 2009), and other modifications to the mean-variance portfolio rule (see, e.g., Pesaran…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 743, "input_1": "As a consequence, by their activities, earthworms could therefore modify metal speciation, mobility (Sizmur and Hodson, 2009) and bioavailability (Capowiez et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 744, "input_1": "As a means to evaluate the effects of the Prrx1 isoforms upon cell polarity, we employed three-dimensional (3D) cyst assays (Wescott et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 745, "input_1": "Soluble plasma (p) FN is required for the stability of blood clots (Ni et al., 2003b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 746, "input_1": "In our aim to analyse the transcriptional programme that determines fruiting body formation of the ascomycete A. nidulans, we made use of a simple but straightforward approach as it had been described recently (Ray et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 747, "input_1": "Several OPG polymorphisms have been studied in osteoporosis, but not surprisingly published results about the association between the OPG polymorphisms and osteoporosis are highly variable [6–12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 748, "input_1": "The TGF-b superfamily has wide variety of activities, but the signaling cascade is relatively simple [4–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 749, "input_1": "S3B) and, together, these observations are consistent with a previously defined role for Pk in the clustering of Vang (Bastock et al., 2003; Cho et al., 2015; Strutt and Strutt, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 750, "input_1": "…(anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which are known to modulate synaptic transmission throughout the brain (Zogopoulos et al., 2013).\nmental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy. or Brain Research/Fondazione . a), s.marinelli@ebri.it\nUnlike other…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 751, "input_1": "suggested that longer followup is needed because there may be some regret after the first couple of years [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 752, "input_1": "Parsing accuracy is measured in the experiments by three different metrics: • Attachment score (AS): The proportion of tokens (excluding punctuation) that are assigned the correct head (or no head if the token is a root) (Eisner, 1996; Collins et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 753, "input_1": "All ‘don’t know’ and ‘unsure’ responses (Table 1) were classed as missing values in the dataset and Maximum Likelihood (ML) imputation was used to estimate replacement values for all missing data [52,53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 754, "input_1": "of Rosenstein et al. (1993). Using the model free method of Rosenstein et al. (1993), the three treatments were all found to result in slightly positive LEs, but the results were deemed inconclusive given the small sample size (4 replicates of 18 generations) and the sensitivity of the method to any kind of stochastic noise (demographic or environmental).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 755, "input_1": "Detailed description of micro-core sampling and culturing conditions can be found in (Davelos et al., 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 756, "input_1": "Illustra PuReTaq ReadyTo-Go PCR beads (0.5 ml tubes, GE healthcare) were used to amplify DTL, SLFN5, TRIM47, WRAP53 and CHN1 transcripts (denaturing at 94uC for 30 s, annealing at 58uC for 1 min and elongation at 72uC for 2 min, 25–35 cycles).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 757, "input_1": "Such a converge conveys an increased bilineal vulnerability to affective disorders in the parents’ offspring (3, 4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 758, "input_1": "In contrast to the above finding, the relationship between population structure and AMB susceptibility was small.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 759, "input_1": "treatment with Fgf8b is shown, because Fgf8b, the most potent isoform of Fgf8, is the only gene of the studied FGF family members that has been found to be crucial in mesoderm development in the mouse (Guo and Li, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 760, "input_1": "Individual flight activity was scored using the one-zero sampling method (Altmann, 1974; Martin & Bateson, 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 761, "input_1": "Five of 8 subscales of this previously validated instrument were used: (1) limitations in physical activities because of physical or emotional problems; (2) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; (3) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional health problems; (4) general health perceptions; and (5) general mental health.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 762, "input_1": "These results are contrary to the previous study [29] reporting that the time interval between seeding osteoblasts and adding culture medium significantly affected the osteoblast proliferation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 763, "input_1": "XY, ZW, including multiple sex chromosomes) and temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), as well as species in which the two modes of sex determination interact [6,8,27-29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 764, "input_1": "Regarding the RNA content of EVs, they were found to carry both mRNAs\nand small RNAs (Valadi et al., 2007; Crescitelli et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 765, "input_1": "This fact is because overweight individuals are more likely to have difficulty moving around, resulting in greater economy of movement, increased energy expenditure and early fatigue in aerobic activities, reducing performance in physical tests (32).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 766, "input_1": "The similar profile of memory dysfunction has been described between MCI and AD (Petersen, 2004b; Petersen et al., 1999), and in MCI subjects with a higher risk of conversion to AD (Petersen, 2007; Sarazin et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 767, "input_1": "In accordance with previous results obtained in our laboratory and by other groups, we have observed that the limited access protocol leads to the development of fat-bingeing behaviors (Corwin et al., 1998; Corwin, 2004; Wojnicki et al., 2008; Blanco-Gandia et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 768, "input_1": "We analyzed gamma-band activity over central parietal and occipital electrodes, the electrodes that produced activity correlated with microsaccades in adults (Yuval-Greenberg et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 769, "input_1": "Finally, pigeons may even be superior to humans in their capacity to mentally rotate visual information, as they show no increase in reaction time when judging the identity of stimuli presented at increasingly different angular orientations, whereas humans do (Hollard & Delius, 1982).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 770, "input_1": "These models are the radial-modesof-vibration model of Abdullah (1966), the tornado/ boundary interaction model of Tatom et al. (1995), and the corotating vortex model (Powell 1964; Georges 1976; Mitchell et al. 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 771, "input_1": "NSP1 also binds specifically to all rotavirus mRNAs [4, 15], and while the sequence necessary for NSP1 binding has not been precisely identified, it is known to be located near the 5′-end, since gene 5 mRNA probes containing the first 278 nucleotides are sufficient for NSP1 binding [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 772, "input_1": "4910, which contains a PK domain most similar to PDK1, a master AGC kinase in other eukaryotes [32] the CAMK Tb927.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 773, "input_1": "To support regional applications, ALEXI couples The Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model [4] with an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model to simulate changes in near surface air temperature (Ta) that are consistent with TSEB modeled surface fluxes[2,3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 774, "input_1": "Figure 3 shows the fit of the model to the dynamics of divergence and diversity of patients S-P1—SP11 [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 775, "input_1": "Recent results on the computational universality in language equations of an extremely simple form, obtained by Kunc [10,11] and by Jeż and Okhotin [7,8], make one suspect universality even in this restricted case.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 776, "input_1": "To illuminate the evolutionary history of GBP family, all newly identified genes combined with 13 previously described GBP genes (Olszewski et al. 2006; Degrandi et al. 2007) were used to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 777, "input_1": "Moreover, the values obtained were similar to those reported in other qPCR assays designed to quantify several biological control agents (15, 32, 55).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 778, "input_1": "Another work [9] proposes a blind reversible watermarking approach for medical images based on histogram shifting in a wavelet domain.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 779, "input_1": "72 The percent reflectance (R) is equated to a form of a pseudo-absorption coefficient (K/S) with this method, similar to that obtained through transmission experiments.(72)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 780, "input_1": "Based on the kinetics data in Figure 1 and Figure S2, the previously reported kinetics data [17,18], and a crystal structure study of the ATP-RT complex [11], we assumed mixed noncompetitive inhibition of ATP and competitive inhibition of NRTIs (Figure 2C).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 781, "input_1": "The present study was not able to confirm any of the studied anatomical variables as predictive factors of venous congestion, despite being suggested in the literature.[5,6,13,14] The abdominal superficial venous dominance is one of the most extended and accepted (but not proved) hypothesis for explaining the diffuse congestion as a large diameter SIEV may denote dominance over the deep venous system.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 782, "input_1": "Experience of using technology has a significant impact on an individual’s attitude and intention to use technology (Igbaria and Guimaraes, 1995; Kim and Garrison, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 783, "input_1": "Fatigue crack growth is promoted at the rim from these microcrack sites, particularly when max= Y is high ( max ≈ 12 Y) (Peters et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 784, "input_1": "Our CSU diagnostic evaluation, described in greater detail elsewhere (Carroll et al., 1981) consists of a 14-day drug-free period (patients are completely free of psychotropic medications during this period): several clinical interviews; a structured diagnostic interview, the Schedule for Affective…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 785, "input_1": "This procedure is consistent with earlier experiments [5,8] Next, they watched a second video with a different story and visualization followed by a questionnaire about the second story.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 786, "input_1": "For the second problem, we have employed a design policy of interactive behaviors, such as a pseudo-learning mechanism and talking about personal matters (Kanda et al. 2004 b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 787, "input_1": "A high LDL-C level was treated in accordance with the evidence-based practice guideline 2009 for the treatment of chronic kidney disease established by the Japanese Society of Nephrology and clinical guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients established by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy [17,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 788, "input_1": "This may be due to poor cell cycle synchronization in the former or to a higher level of Mrc1 protein in hsk1-89 cells, which can potentially cause adverse effects on signal enrichment in a ChIP assay (41).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 789, "input_1": "Hajos et al. (2001) found that WIN55,212-2 depressed excitatory transmission in the hippocampus of both wildtype and CB1-/- mice, while two other groups have found that excitatory transmission was depressed only in wildtype mice (Kawamura et al., 2006; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 790, "input_1": "Recent studies have implicated several risk factors for ESBL-E colonization at admission: prior ESBL-E carriage, transfer from hospitalization units and especially long-term care facilities or ICUs, coming from a high-prevalence country, poor functional status, current antibiotic use and chronic renal insufficiency [14,17,19-23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 791, "input_1": "This result is consistent with findings by Bland et al.21\n Several ultrasonography studies after carpal tunnel release have been reported previously.13,14,22–25 However, the clinical significance of a reduction in the CSA after carpal tunnel release remains controversial.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 792, "input_1": "Advantages: Good cosmetic result by forming a cylindrical phallus, creation of an acceptable sensate phallus,(25) providing good sensory nerves for its neurovascular pedicle,(12) excellent phallus sensation if the nerve is well-functioned,(54) and well-vascularized neourethra that allows voiding from a standing position.(29,47)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 793, "input_1": "These results resembled those of the previous report that the Taiwan clone (SCCmecVT-ST59-spa t437 or t441-pvl+) with resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline constituted most of the pvl+ CC59 CA-MRSA strains found in Western Australia [49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 794, "input_1": "…forests through important stand development phases (for example, establishment, canopy closure, age-related declines in stand productivity) to examine whether the early stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO2 persists as stands\nmature after reaching maximum productivity (Körner 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 795, "input_1": "Solutions exist for specific connectivity [14, 2, 13] and syntax/form [18, 4, 19] problems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 796, "input_1": "Further, we assume based on available experimental results (Pimanda et al., 2007b; Smith et al., 2008) that the increase in the transcriptional rate occurs via modulation of the state of chromatin rather than through direct interaction with transcriptional machinery.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 797, "input_1": "Our observations, showing increased sIL2R levels during acute exercise, are supported by the results of others (Baum et al. 1994; Dufaux and Order 1989; Sprenger et al. 1992; Tilz et al. 1993); together these findings suggest that elevated receptor levels during exercise could bind IL-2, and hence down-regulate IL-2-dependent cell-mediated immune responses by reducing free circulating IL-2 levels and/or mitogen-stimulated cell proliferation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 798, "input_1": "Estimation of overall mortality ratio (relative risk) was carried out using the random e ects model according to DerSimonian and Laird [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 799, "input_1": "…activation patterns were consistent with the results of the previous studies on infants (Dehaene-Lambertz et al., 2002, 2004) and adults (Petersen et al., 1988; Price, 2000; Homae et al., 2002); all of these studies reported that the both hemispheres are involved in processing of speech sounds.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 800, "input_1": "The biological processes underlying physiological hypofunction of the salivary glands is not yet well understood, although the involvement of ROS is suspected [1-4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 801, "input_1": "nidulans, we made use of a simple but straightforward approach as it had been described recently (Ray et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 802, "input_1": "In contrast to our results, one study reported that high AI correlated with poor survival of MPM patients [31], but the overall prognostic significance of apoptosis in cancer remains unclear [33, 34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 803, "input_1": "Moreover, these general network properties were demonstrated to have great impacts on the networkbased problems, such as traffic transport [12, 13, 14, 15, 16], epidemic spreading [17, 18, 19, 20, 21], network attacks [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28], synchronization [29, 30] and control [31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36], link prediction [37, 38, 39], etc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 804, "input_1": "Oxidative damage of telomeres along with a general damage of DNA because of aged and thereby inefficient mitochondria could be an explanation (Chen et al., 1995), although contradictory results have been published on this matter (von Zglinicki et al., 2000; Britt-Compton et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 805, "input_1": "The STSS is thought to be mediated by the release of SPEs and other antigens, which function as superantigens (Proft et al., 2003; Marrack and Kappler, 1990; Talkington et al., 1993; Baxter and McChesney, 2000; Eriksson et al., 1999; Darenberg et al., 2004; Norrby-Teglund et al., 2005; Zurawski et al., 1998; Ekelund et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 806, "input_1": "The PPR and PRA-based approaches, together with the baseline, have been applied over graphs 1 and 2 (without and with SVO-inferred relationships, respectively).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 807, "input_1": ", 2008), high-order partial differential equations (Bai and Feng, 2007; Moraschi et al., 2010), diffusion tensor Enhancing quality in Diffusion Tensor Imaging with anisotropic anomalous diffusion filter", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 808, "input_1": "Moreover, the key regulator of Fe homeostasis, Fur, is also directly regulated by PerR at the transcriptional level (Fuangthong et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 809, "input_1": "We generalize the model of Parke (1999), and it appears that fractional orders of integration at the seasonal frequencies may be caused by aggregation of seasonal duration processes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 810, "input_1": "…cocaine seeking progressively increases over the first months of withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration and remains elevated even 6 months after the last exposure (Neisewander et al., 2000; Grimm et al., 2001; Lu et al., 2004b; c; Sorge and Stewart, 2005; Pickens et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 811, "input_1": "The finding that BMI is closely related to TBF and PBF derived from DXA is compatible with several previous investigations in children over a wide age range and in adults (7, 13, 14, 16, 22, 24, 30, 32, 36).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 812, "input_1": "The results of the present dead weight noise testing indicate that the ‘CoP path velocity’ noise of the WBB (4.1–5.3 mm s 1) is considerable, which is in accordance with Pagnacco et al. (2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 813, "input_1": "However, our previous data on healthy paediatric patients (age 3 to 18 years) undergoing catheterisation for atrial septal defect closure resulted in a transfer function with the same peak at the fourth harmonic as demonstrated by Nichols and O’Rourke [8] suggesting the validity of this technique [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 814, "input_1": "…the growth of not only Bifidobacteria, but also of strains belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria phyla, while\ninhibiting Firmicutes strains (especially Clostridium) (Martinez et al., 2010), which is consistent with the presented results on the dietary fiber K1 and K2 preparations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 815, "input_1": "(Notice that opponent spatiotemporal energy magnitude will be relatively large in response to a locally coherent motion [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 816, "input_1": "In addition, we recently demonstrated the important role of another 89-kDa periplasmic protein localized in the invasion tip during bacterial escape from the host digestive vacuole, migration through the host cytoplasm towards the target nucleus, and invasion into the macronucleus (Iwatani et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 817, "input_1": "Our results regarding cortisol are in line with several studies showing that sleep deprivation elevates cortisol levels.(34)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 818, "input_1": "Prior findings of a strong correlation between exposure to a pathogenic environment and CRP in the CLHNS sample provided impetus to further examine gene-by-pathogen interactions on CRP level [9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 819, "input_1": "Our proposed algorithm seeks to improve upon the performance of several existing algorithms, including ABS [47, 48, 18, 43], local principal component analysis (PCA) [5], local adaptive singular value cancellation (aSVC) [1] and non-local aSVC [1, Section 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 820, "input_1": ", 1998) and human (Straiker et al., 1999; Porcella et al. 2000) ciliary bodies of signi®cantly detectable levels of CB1 transcripts and proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 821, "input_1": "These findings are in concordance with previously published studies suggesting a negative impact of Af sensitization in CF.15–17 Af sensitization likely facilitates CF-ABPA and multiple factors, including degree of fungal exposure, mucus viscosity, immune status, atopy and age may also have interdependent roles.12,32,39 Other factors, such as HLA-DR/HLA-DQ subtypes and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms\n 14\n in the IL-4 binding site of IL-4 receptor alpha have also been described to associate with development of ABPA.40–42 Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm that Af sensitization routinely precedes ABPA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 822, "input_1": "In this sense, accidentally encountered information is also always algorithmically framed and often personalised by for example previous searches and geographical location (e.g. Abel et al., 2011; Feuz et al., 2011; Hannak et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 823, "input_1": "The involvement of the clock in Pai-1 gene regulation has been described (Maemura et al., 2000; Minami et al., 2002; Schoenhard et al., 2003; Oishi et al., 2005a; Chong et al., 2006; Oishi et al., 2007), although the precise molecular mechanism on how the clock regulates the intrinsic daily…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 824, "input_1": "In contrast to most plant PPR proteins identified so far, which contain 12 PPR repeats on average (Lurin et al., 2004; Tourasse et al., 2013), PPR7 consists of only four PPR units, followed by a very short, positively charged conserved tail (Supplemental Figure 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 825, "input_1": "Second, we have previously shown that STAT3 expression was not changed by modulating RKIP expression in 293T cells [60] and third, because 293T cells have a higher transfection efficiency with the plasmids we were using, especially under the serum free conditions used in the experiments described below.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 826, "input_1": "Several authors (Anderson et al., 2009; Malmierca et al., 2009; Ulanovsky et al., 2004, 2003) use the normalized frequency difference:\nf norm, f2 − f1√\nf1 f2 (A.1)\nwhere f1 and f2 have Hertz units, while others use the octave frequency separation (e.g., Von der Behrens et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 827, "input_1": "These polyphenols and other components have been described as having antioxidant (5), pro-oxidant (6), tumor inhibitory (7,8), antiapoptotic (9), antiangiogenesis (10,11), antiestrogenic (12,13), epigenetic (14), and other potentially chemopreventive properties (1,3,4,15,16).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 828, "input_1": "The methods of research are described in most detail in [1]; the methods of measurement and analysis of EEG coherence are described in [2]; brief information about their most essential elements is given below.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 829, "input_1": "In this study, we restrict perturbations of the kinematic environment to rotations of the visual feedback of the position of the end-effector, since this kind of transformation is well studied in both healthy human subjects and those with neurological disorders (Pine et al. 1996; Contreras-Vidal and Buch 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 830, "input_1": "quantification of RAM in the biological fluids including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Gupta et al., 2011; Pilli et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2014), high performance", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 831, "input_1": "Moreover, two distinct types of regulated secretion have been distinguished in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells (Kelly, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 832, "input_1": "Despite significant variation in the prevalence of unhealthy weights, results of this study are comparable to previous studies [14,16,49] showing the existence of the double burden of malnutrition in the seven African countries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 833, "input_1": "In addition, more than three quarters of 97% OTUs in these proteobacterial classes contain SSU rRNA genes detected in PCR-based studies and appear in the SILVA database [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 834, "input_1": "These spatial variations in the sedimentary regime will drive coral species distributions depending on coral tolerances to sediments [16,17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 835, "input_1": "zeamais, which could be an attractive alternative considering the great potential of the oil as insecticide and repellent, particularly because it is rich in monoterpenes [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 836, "input_1": "Binding of C2 domains (C2A, C2B, and C2AB) of SYT2 to phospholipids was measured according to previous descriptions (Fernandez et al., 2001; Fernandez-Chacon et al., 2002; Shin et al., 2003; Schapire et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 837, "input_1": "A discussion of particular channel estimation techniques is beyond the scope of this paper, therefore without loss of generality, we use the least-square (LS) channel estimator [14] in Sections IV and V due its widespread adoption in OFDM systems and low computational complexity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 838, "input_1": "In addition, according to [6], instead of performing gradient descent based on Wh, we can compute the following formulation as:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 839, "input_1": "All katanin derivatives were PCR amplified from the human p60 (McNally and Thomas, 1998) or human p80 (Hartman et al., 1998) cDNAs previously described.\np80 derivatives The WD40 domain of p80 (WD) consisted of amino acids 1-304, WDpro consisted of residues 1-484, pro-con80 consisted of residues…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 840, "input_1": "The effect of VEGF on glutamatergic transmission is still controversial, with evidence\nfor both inhibition (McCloskey et al., 2005) and enhancement (Kim et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 841, "input_1": "Heavy metals contamination of Bohai Bay in the past few years have been investigated (Zhang et al. 2002; Hua et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2005; Wang and Li 2006; Wang and Wang 2007; Liu et al. 2007; Meng et al. 2008), however, no comparison was available to show the spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in the bay sediments in an 11-year duration.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 842, "input_1": "First, we prove that deciding whether a set of vertices of a graph G is a clique-transversal is Co-NP-Complete, a problem whose complexity is mentioned as open in [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 843, "input_1": "Evidence in the literature suggests that a non-CB1 receptor exists on excitatory\nterminals in the hippocampus (Hajos and Freund, 2002; Rouach and Nicoll, 2003), but this remains controversial (Hoffman et al., 2005; Kawamura et al., 2006; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 844, "input_1": "This is troubling because hyperinsulinemia, a hallmark of insulin resistance, is considered a likely biological mechanism of increased risk for colon cancer and adenoma [1, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 845, "input_1": "These measures provide important, but indirect, data on personal income, and may suffer from the “ecologic fallacy” of misclassifying income level on the basis of geographic economic factors, which can lead to substantial measurement error (22,23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 846, "input_1": "Alternative splicing of exon 10 produces 2 tau protein isoforms, 3R (without exon 10) and 4R (with exon 10), and a healthy brain includes similar levels of 3R and 4R.(6) One study reported that the MAPT gene region that includes the 30-end of exon 10 and 50end of intron 10–11 is self-complementary and forms a hairpin (regulatory hairpin).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 847, "input_1": "4 tend to reach a ‘‘plateau’’ and do not converge at the same point, even though no spontaneous reactivation is detected (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 848, "input_1": "The increased ODC1 expression after fadrozole treatment may indicate an enhancement of the ODC/polyamine system and/or suggests a new pathway for E2 to regulate GABA production in addition to the known effects of E2 on glutamic acid decarboxylase in goldfish (46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 849, "input_1": "Given their relatively low species diversity, biofilms growing within acid mine drainage (AMD) environments are a model system for the study of ecological processes in natural environments using ‘omic’ techniques (Denef et al., 2010a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 850, "input_1": "The fact that others have shown that continued experience or exposure can modify when perceptual narrowing (or perceptual attenuation) occurs (Pascalis et al., 2005; Scott & Monesson, 2009), and the current results that perceptual discrimination is possible after narrowing has occurred, demonstrate…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 851, "input_1": "This result might explain why high IFP is associated with poor prognosis in human cancer (4, 21, 22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 852, "input_1": "Climatic data\nLarge scale climatic conditions have been shown to affect avian productivity in general (Nott et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 853, "input_1": "…construction site visit, site trainings, computer games and simulations, and problem-based learning, Though roleplaying is not a popular pedagogical approach adopted in construction education, it has major benefits and potentials for improving students‟ learning (Bhattacharjee & Ghosh, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 854, "input_1": "To get a rough approximation of the divergence time for the main phylogroups, we used both the higher and the lower sequence divergence rates proposed by Pinho et al. (2007) for the ND4–tRNALeu mitochondrial fragment (2.78% and 1.74% per million years, respectively).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 855, "input_1": "This is in agreement with a previous finding that wt CLN5 is stable in cells [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 856, "input_1": "Additionally, MeCP2 has been implicated not in inhibition but in the promotion of activity of some genes(Chahrour et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 857, "input_1": "Differences between the immune function of males and females have also been reported for birds (Romano et al., 2011), reptiles (Svensson et al., 2009) and fish (Hoeger et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 858, "input_1": "There is strong evidence that accumulation of Aβ peptide is responsible for age-related memory decline in these mice [5–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 859, "input_1": "DCS is preferable to External Storage (ES) at the base station, especially when there are many types of event to detect and report, and not all event types are queried often in a large network [56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 860, "input_1": "6A) do not follow the characteristic dipper function found for superimposed masking (Legge and Foley, 1980; Foley, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 861, "input_1": "Given that normal hippocampal functioning is essential for both episodic AM and everyday memory (Vargha-Khadem et al., 1997; Isaacs et al., 2000), we also examined the effects of age and sex on everyday memory in order to determine whether\nthe results would be similar to those observed in episodic…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 862, "input_1": "These results are aligned with the claims made by authors such as Kampenes et al. (2009), Jackson (2002), GroÃànniger et al. (2007), Petre (1995), as it was discussed in Sect.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 863, "input_1": "…as:\nP xið Þ ¼ e aþ Pn j¼1 bjxij\n1þ e aþ Pn j¼1 bjxij\n: ð1Þ\nHere P(xi) is the probability of detection (0–1) of MODIS pixel i based on the linear combination of ASTER fire pixel summary statistics ( j=1,n), and α and βj are parameters derived from the data (Agresti, 1990; Morisette et al., 2005b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 864, "input_1": "Nitrogen levels in the medium also influence the transcription of the ech42 endochitinase gene (Donzelli and Harman 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 865, "input_1": "The electrode locations, acquired with a post-implantation CT were projected on the T1weighted individual anatomy scan (Hermes et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 866, "input_1": "3 To this end, the proposed method is compared with several recommendation methods including User-based CF (UCF), Item-based CF (ICF) [51], SlopeOne [52], SVD++ [53], TARS [12], SoRec [31], SoReg [54], TrustMF [22], SocialMF [28], TrustSVD [25], IPG [26], CETrust [21], and 2DGC [55].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 867, "input_1": "Protocol The study protocol followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and Cochrane Collaboration for systematic reviews and meta-analysis [12,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 868, "input_1": "Harpins are found to mediate HRbased PCD and produce elevated defense responses in plants (Lee et al. 2001a; Dong et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 869, "input_1": "The sequence of intermediates in the hR photocycle and their interconversions have been the subject of numerous studies (Va´ró et al., 1995a, b; Hazemoto et al., 1984; Zimányi and Lanyi, 1989a, b; Zima´nyi et al., 1989; Spencer and Dewey, 1990; Ames et al., 1992; Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 870, "input_1": "…and high levels of defecation are interpreted as indicators of high levels of emotionality (DeFries, Wilson, & McClearn, 1970; Flint et al., 1995; Gervais, 1976), although the validity of ambulation and defecation as indexes of emotionality has been questioned (Lister, 1990; Ramos & Mormède, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 871, "input_1": "Following prior work (Haghighi et al., 2008; Prochasson and Fung, 2011; Vulić and Moens, 2013b), we retain only nouns that occur at least 5 times in the corpus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 872, "input_1": "5 nM and individuals need to ingest at least 25–50 μg of vitamin D per day to sustain a blood level of > 75 nM 25(OH) vitamin D [22, 23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 873, "input_1": "The Caribbean sample includes sequences from Panama that were previously obtained by McCartney and Lessios (2004), with GenBank accession numbers AY451242–AY451275.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 874, "input_1": "The LAA orifice area was then calculated by using the equation [19]: LAA orifice area = π x (Dmax/2) x (Dmin/2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 875, "input_1": "Discussion In the past five years, several studies have aimed to evaluate the impact of PTGS2 SNPs on the risk of developing different types of cancer [10,15,16,21-46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 876, "input_1": "Fluoroscopy-guided anterior scalene (ASM) or pectoalis minor (PM) muscle blocks, or both, with local aneshetic were frequently used to help reinforce the clinical iagnosis of NTOS and to provide additional insight into he likely responsiveness to treatment.(7,11) All patients not reviously treated for NTOS and those for whom previous hysical therapy did not appear to have been suitably tareted toward NTOS, underwent a 4- to 6-week course of TOS-specific physical therapy overseen by a therapist ith experience and expertise in the management of TOS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 877, "input_1": "It is estimated that the abuse and misuse of prescription opioids are responsible for somewhere between $53 to $72 billion in cumulative costs annually.(33,34) These fig-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 878, "input_1": "that can destroy tumor cells but are instead induced to suppress anti-tumor immune responses by releasing elevated levels of the immune suppressive products, nitric oxide, IL10 and TGF- , and down-regulating levels of the immune stimulatory product IL-12 [10, 17, 14, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 879, "input_1": "…either undergoing pain or suffering emotionally, localized a core network including anterior insula (AI), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) (Singer et al. 2004; Jackson et al. 2006; Singer 2006; Decety and Moriguchi 2007; Fan et al. 2011; Lamm et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 880, "input_1": "The differential magnitude of effect in large versus small studies (Ioannidis et al.\n2003; Zintzaras et al. 2005) for the allele contrast was tested using the Egger regression test for funnel plot asymmetry (Egger et al. 1997) and the Begg-Mazumdar test, which is based on Kendall’s tau (Begg and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 881, "input_1": "Even, the GU toxicity in our study are high, the observed rate averaged those described in former reports [1,4,5,7,10,11,25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 882, "input_1": "…of these findings, the difference in thigmotaxis between the selectively bred HOFT and LOFT mice seemed to be a stable and robust feature of these animals, suggesting that the two lines differed with regard to trait anxiety rather than to state anxiety (see Belzung & Griebel, 2001; Lister, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 883, "input_1": "Division of Arabidopsis thaliana Proteins into Families using PFAM\nEach probeset in the Affymetrix ATH1 microarray platform was mapped using BLAST (Altschul et al., 1990) to the\nTable 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 884, "input_1": "The computational system arising from the ad-hoc computation network point of view has been modeled by combining the notion of distributed data streams [5] with classic distributed approaches to solve problems on particular topologies [6] as the SSSF model [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 885, "input_1": "Matthews et al. (2002) concluded that 3–4 days monitoring were required to correctly measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and that 7 days were needed to reliably estimate physical inactivity [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 886, "input_1": "Force feedback (FFB) has been shown to increase the usability and to decrease the cognitive workload during the surgery, as reflected in faster learning curves (Narazaki et al. 2006; Okamura 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 887, "input_1": "Trait data collection\nWe used 10 plant functional traits related to growth, survival, and the response to environmental change (Pérez-Harguindeguy et al. 2013), including leaf area (LA; mm2), specific leaf area (SLA; mm2 g 1), chlorophyll content (measured by the SPAD device unit [see below]),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 888, "input_1": "Infection Control Measures/Investigation of Implicated Re-useable Medical Device: After the first site visit on May 31, 2006, ACDC issued interim recommendations including adding antibiotic coverage from gram-negative organisms for cardiac surgery patients, collecting surveillance cultures (sputum) on all intubated CVICU patients, collecting environmental cultures, and culturing the TEE equipment and removing it from use.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 889, "input_1": "Bifidobacteria is the third most common genus in the human intestine, constituting about 3% of the adult fecal flora and more than 75% of the infant fecal flora (Langendijk et al., 1995; Franks et al., 1998; Harmsen et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 890, "input_1": "Exercise has an important role not only in promoting general health but also in the prevention and treatment of various kinds of ailments, such as mood disorders (Agras, 1995) and constitutional hypotension (Duschek and Schandry, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 891, "input_1": "Note that Drieghe et al. (2008) have proposed that parafoveal-on-foveal effects (i.e., an effect of the word to the right of fixation that appears in the eye movement record before the eyes have actually left the fixated word) may be likely to arise in cases in which the saccadic targeting system…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 892, "input_1": "Starting from the reference C-based implementation provided in the CORTEXSUITE, a recently-released suite of benchmarks designed to challenge current hardware systems [26], we completed a design specification in synthesizable SystemC that is parametric with respect to the PLM size.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 893, "input_1": "The level of expression of amyloid- protein precursor investigated gene did not coincide with the earlier data concerning staining of different parts of amyloidprotein precursor in the rat cortex [17, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 894, "input_1": "This transition was introduced first by Prince and Elder (2007) and it simplifies formulas for parameter update on Mstep of EM algorithm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 895, "input_1": "Experimental evidence and clinical observations support the concept that these molecules participate in the pathogenesis of organ injury and that their blood levels correlate with severity of illness and outcome (5, 6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 896, "input_1": "The frame rate was set between 60 and 90 frames per second.(7) Echocardiograms were digitally stored and later analysed off-line using acoustic-tracking software (Echo-Pac version 7.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 897, "input_1": "…side-effects are found with currently available hypnotics, it will be of interest to determine whether newer genetic methods for enhancing sleep in rodents can reverse/attenuate or slow-down Alzheimer's pathology in rodent models (Jego et al., 2013; Konadhode et al., 2013; Anaclet et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 898, "input_1": "Indeed, strong correlations between inhibitions at different ISIs have been reported previously (Roshan et al. 2003) which would be consistent with this idea.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 899, "input_1": "Although previous reports suggest that ISC differentiation is compromised by constant signals through CD40 (41, 42), in this study we demonstrate that activation through CD40 alone drives B cell differentiation, evidenced by moderate levels of Ig secretion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 900, "input_1": "(Following Clarke [5], to prove these results one could also replace the above two requirements by the single one that the weakest precondition be definable.)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 901, "input_1": "This dose of D1 antagonist was previously shown to suppress the increase in locomotor activity measured in the open-field test, induced by BC264 (Ladurelle et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 902, "input_1": "A few non-axisymmetric calculations have been carried out for inclined impact of deep substrates (Chen, 2001; Peters et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 903, "input_1": "RNA interference in ticks Genes for RNAi were selected based on previous results in R. microplus or Dermacentor variabilis demonstrating the effect of gene knockdown on tick attachment, mortality, and/or fertility (de la Fuente et al. 2007b; 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 904, "input_1": "These include the HGMD (Stenson et al. 2009), the NHGRI Catalog of Published GWAS (Hindorff et al. 2001) and the OMIM (Amberger et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 905, "input_1": "Body weight and height were collected for all subjects using SECA 600 model while obesity was defined as BMI>30 kg/m 2 , according to the criteria of International Obesity Task Force [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 906, "input_1": ", 2007a) and further discussed in (Rüdiger et al., 2007b), which leads to catastrophic consequences when left.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 907, "input_1": "Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS) The ZDHS is a nationally representative population-based survey, and HIV testing was included in selected households in its 2001/2002 and 2007 rounds [21,22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 908, "input_1": "For the CVLT–II index, the probability of invalid effort was calculated by the formula developed by Wolfe et al. (2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 909, "input_1": "A possible cause is that few approaches take advantages of the information about relations included in ontologies [Huang et al., 2004b, 2006b], which usually are used like simple dictionaries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 910, "input_1": "Plan recognition, which seeks to infer agents’ goals along with their plans for achieving them from sequences of observable actions, has been studied for tasks ranging from traffic monitoring (Pynadath and Wellman 2000) to operating system usage (Blaylock and Allen 2003) to story understanding (Charniak and Goldman 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 911, "input_1": "Measurement This study assessed frustration using the four-item scale of Kammann and Flett [1983] and continuance intention using the three-item scale of Bhattacherjee and Premkumar [2004]. Intensity of gamer experience was measured using the item “On average, how many hours per week do you spend playing this game?”.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 912, "input_1": "Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected with either the human TNF-a gene cloned into a mammalian expression vector (TNF-a cells) or the mammalian expression vector alone (CHO cells, control) as described previously (5, 7, 8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 913, "input_1": ", 2010) Lack of HPWS/HRM in Victorian health care organisations Victorian state public health care organisations report limited HRM/HPWS components (Leggat et al., 2008) Victorian state public hospitals report fewer aspects of HPWS then community health services (Leggat et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 914, "input_1": "…have also been particularly well investigated (Perez-Coll et al. 1988; Pérez-Coll & Herkovits 1990; Steele et al. 1991; Strickler-Shaw & Taylor 1991; Sobotka & Rahwan 1995; Stansley & Roscoe 1996; Stansley et al. 1997; Kumar 1999; Rice et al. 2001; Rosenberg et al. 2003; Fink & Salibian 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 915, "input_1": "The bottoms of the Bohai and Yellow Seas are composed mainly of sand, mud and mixed sediment and are not suitable for the\nsettlement of A. coerulea planula larvae (Chen & Zhu, 2012; Duarte et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 916, "input_1": "For a first experiment, 18 isolates representing 14 OTUs were randomly selected from the 92 OTUs (Shipunov et al., 2008) to serve as inoculants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 917, "input_1": "In contrast, our analysis of the binding sites of 34 TFs revealed that many iUCEs likely serve as enhancers in early fly development, similarly to what has been observed in mammals (Pennacchio et al. 2006; Visel et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 918, "input_1": "Fragments of the Dem gene were cloned by inverse PCR (IPCR) (Thomas et al., 1994) and used to screen a lgt10 cDNA library constructed using seedling mRNA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 919, "input_1": "The Scottish translocation (St Clair et al., 1990) interrupting the coding sequence of DISC1 occurs between exons 8 and 9 (Ishizuka et al., 2006; Millar et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 920, "input_1": "…it induces the acrosome reaction of the spermatozoon; and, finally, immediately after fertilization, it prevents polyspermy (Baker et al. 2000; Bleil and Wassarman 1990; Herrler and Beier 1999; Serrano and Garcia-Suarez 2001;Thaler and Cardullo 2002; Yanagimachi 1994; Zhao and Dean 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 921, "input_1": "In animals, supplementation with antioxidants seems to protect against CP-induced side effects (Greggi-Antunes et al., 2000; Mansour et al., 2002; Sueishi et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 922, "input_1": "The stress-wave velocity of each of these logs was measured using the HM-200 (Fibre-gen, Auckland, New Zealand) resonance-based tool.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 923, "input_1": "Activation of both the Jak/STAT and MEK/ERK signalling pathways has been implicated on IFN-γ-induced iNOS expression (Blanchette et al., 2003; Park et al., 2005; Shen et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 924, "input_1": "Interestingly, on average, individuals choose to exercise at intensities around VT [10-12,19] but individual differences in the chosen intensity are also demonstrated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 925, "input_1": "However, we did expect the manipulation to modulate the processing fluency of the metaphoric target sentences, so that the metaphoric target sentence would be processed more easily in the matched than in the mixed or literal contexts (Thibodeau & Durgin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 926, "input_1": "Unfortunately, especially in cases of hereditary renal magnesium wasting, normal values for total serum magnesium are hardly achieved by oral substitution without considerable side effects, mainly resulting from the cathartic effects of magnesium salts [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 927, "input_1": "Interestingly, CLN5 is capable of utilizing MPR-independent pathway(s) to reach the lysosomes in the absence of MPRs [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 928, "input_1": "We suggest that the interaction of two superimposed stimuli occurs during early sensory processing, while the interaction of two spots or separated patches of dots may occur later in sensory-motor integration or even in the motor pathways for pursuit (e.g., Kahlon and Lisberger 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 929, "input_1": "…are that the flipped classroom approach focusses student-centred and collaborative, problem-based learning activities, thus enabling teachers to spend more time identifying student problems and knowledge gaps (Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2014; Prober & Khan, 2013; Strayer, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 930, "input_1": "In mouse models of amyloid-b accumulation, reduced cerebral blood flow occurs well before any pathological or neuro-\nlogical abnormalities (Niwa et al., 2002a, b; Iadecola,\n2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 931, "input_1": "In 2004 and 2005, we analysed variation in the concentration of carotenoids in relation to embryo sex in a nondestructive way (see Rubolini et al., 2006b; Saino et al., 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 932, "input_1": "A more recent study has employed a novel technique to measure body fluid compartments using bioimpedance spectroscopy, and showed increases in measured total body water (TBW) and ECFV with a trend for intracellular fluid increase in RGZ-treated mice (Fu et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 933, "input_1": "It is known that contractile agonists, in addition to causing smooth muscle cells to generate force by the actomyosin mechanism, also result in actin polymerization (34, 49).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 934, "input_1": "Protein phosphorylation was analyzed by flow cytometry as described in detail previously [12-14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 935, "input_1": "A novel prokaryotic immunity-like system (CRISPR/CAS) has been recently discovered (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), involving two main constituents: (i) clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and (ii) CAS (CRISPR-associated…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 936, "input_1": "As observed previously (Worley et al., 1986b), 3H-forskolin binding differs strikingly from that of IP, in the hippocampus, with highest densities in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the mossy fiber projection to CA3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 937, "input_1": "However, evidences of CPGs structures have been proposed for human (Duysens and Van de Crommert, 1998; Marder, 2000), initially for locomotion while recent insights suggest that the concept of CPG applies to the upper limb as well (see e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 938, "input_1": "The left hand was used so the results could be compared with previous studies (Burnett et al. 2000; Christou et al. 2003, 2007; Laidlaw et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 939, "input_1": "Hence, the high sensitivity of RNA and its easy degradation are consequently highly affected by the extraction procedure utilized (Schroeder et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 940, "input_1": "Further, selection was based on the following criteria: (1) both twins completed the 1987 VETR enrollment survey and the 1992 Harvard Drug Study (HDS; Tsuang et al. 1996) survey; (2) at least one twin reported that he had children born between 1974 and 1988; and (3) at least one twin met criteria for a lifetime diagnoses of DSM-III-R alcohol dependence (for COA) or drug dependence (for TAP) (as determined by the HDS; Tsuang et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 941, "input_1": "Another mass transfer technique for film cooled endwalls was applied by Friedrichs et al. (1996) using the Ammonia-Diazo method for discrete hole film cooling. Jabbari et al. (1996) among others used the naphthalene sublimation technique for such an application.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 942, "input_1": "In the earlier definition in Taiwan, developmental disability was attributed mainly to health conditions or impairment of body functions, likely to be lifelong in nature and to result in substantial activity limitations and restrictions in societal participation [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 943, "input_1": "…research quality, our results point instead to two alternative explanations: on the one hand, our findings appear to complement recent work by Stern (2004), which argues that firms benefit by promoting science not because it improves theR&Dprocess, but rather because talented employees…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 944, "input_1": "…the AN model, each of which has been tested against physiological responses from cats to simple and complex stimuli, including tones, two-tone complexes, broadband noise, and vowels (Carney 1993; Heinz et al. 2001; Zhang et al. 2001; Bruce et al. 2003; Tan and Carney 2003; Zilany and Bruce 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 945, "input_1": "This dysbiosis may impact the presence of interleukin-17 (IL17)-producing T-helper cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as the development of these cells is heavily reliant on the microbial composition (Atarashi et al. 2011; Ivanov et al. 2009; Kriegel et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 946, "input_1": "…of the precentral sulcus, superior to the cingulate sulcus (or the paracingulate sulcus, when present), and behind the coronal plane perpendicular to the anterior commissure – posterior commissure (AC – PC) line and tangent to the posterior margin of the AC (Chainay et al. 2004; Fink et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 947, "input_1": "With “Ayur” meaning life and “veda” meaning knowledge or science, Ayurveda is centered on health principles (Patwardhan and Mashelkar, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 948, "input_1": "Comparison of sperm retrieval rate according to testicular histology\nFive of the included studies made a comparison of sperm retrieval according to testicular histology (Okada et al., 2002; Tsujimura et al., 2002; Ramasamy et al., 2005; Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 949, "input_1": "comparable to that in a recent study conducted in the mainland China [16], which has population health characteristics comparable to those in Taiwan.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 950, "input_1": "[30] focus on returning the fragments rooted at SLCA nodes, and propose an XML keyword search engine XSeek.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 951, "input_1": "3D organotypic culture was performed as described previously (Wescott et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 952, "input_1": "The contradiction between our results and those of Morrel may be explained by the fact that Morrel’s conception was based on studying neuronal plasticity in animal models and human tumorous epilepsies and not on the classic chronic human epilepsies e.g. HS-associated TLE.101\n In subprimate species, the mirror focus usually develops after some days to\n months.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 953, "input_1": "Because BOOP is generally a noninfective infiltrative lung disease, anti-infective agents are not routinely part of the treatment regimen.(3,5,17,72)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 954, "input_1": "As otoliths grow, elements from the surrounding water mass become incorporated into the aragonite matrix, creating a chemical fingerprint that can be used to distinguish among geographic regions [36,37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 955, "input_1": "Letters\n The Role of Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Glaucoma Cannot Be Studied With Multivariable Regression Analysis Applied to Surrogates\n Ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) is not easily directly measurable, and the difference between blood pressure and intraocular pressure (IOP) has been suggested as a simple surrogate of OPP.1 We write in relation to publications in this journal2,3 and elsewhere4 that have reported a significant association between OPP surrogates and glaucoma.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 956, "input_1": "In this sense, coffee is a complex mixture, with dozens of chemicals appearing in the circulatory system after consumption, absorption and metabolism, and where individual circulating metabolites may exert different effects within the human body [20, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 957, "input_1": "Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular senescence is one of the intrinsic safeguards against cancer progression as well as contributes to tissue/organism aging and age-related disease [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 958, "input_1": "Previous studies have only found an increased anteroposterior diameter of the left atrium in patients with IAF as compared to the general population(6); this condition could act as an anatomical substrate favourable for the development of IAF.(7) Epidemiological studies have shown that hypertension is the most important risk factor involved in the development of AF.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 959, "input_1": "Because numerous reports have demonstrated impaired sensory filtering in schizophrenics (Adler et al., 1982; Freedman et al., 1987; Snyder, 1973; Solomon et al., 1981; Sorensen et al., 1993), the results of the present study suggest that activation of 5-HT2 receptors could improve sensory filtering in these individuals.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 960, "input_1": "…within health care organisations within Victoria showed a general lack of strategic HRM, including HPWS, within the health care organisations of this state (Leggat et al., 2008), with larger hospitals demonstrating fewer aspects of HPWS than smaller community health services (Leggat et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 961, "input_1": "were noted to influence pain perception in previous studies (Nafiu, Shanks, Abdo, Taylo, & Tremper, 2013; Tüfekci et al., 2009) were obtained by a research assistant from the medical records.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 962, "input_1": "Our findings also confirm results from much less extensive studies in the European brown bear (Hissa et al. 1998) and the grizzly bear (Gardi et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 963, "input_1": "Our results showed that the treatment response of the 5 mg/day vortioxetine group was greater than the placebo group, and the pooled ES of the studies (Katona et al. 2012; Mahableshwarkar et al. 2013; Henigsberg et al. 2012; Jain et al. 2013) demonstrated the antidepressant efficacy of vortioxetine.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 964, "input_1": "Utilizing previously established coculture conditions (21), this study shows that 1) rat PAECs but not PASMCs synthesize serotonin, 2) PAEC-derived serotonin passes through myoendothelial gap junctions into PASMCs, and 3) PAEC-derived serotonin activates TGF- signaling and promotes PASMC differentiation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 965, "input_1": "Given the known deWcits in cortical processing of prosody in children with ASD (Erwin et al. 1991; Wang et al. 2001; Kujala et al. 2005; Korpilahti et al. 2006), one may speculate that the disrup-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 966, "input_1": "FAF changes in early age-related maculopathy (ARM) and in atrophic ARMD [7, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 967, "input_1": "Dead individuals were removed, surface sterilized with 5.2% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed twice with sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar to confirm that mortality was due to infection by M. anisopliae (Rosengaus et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 968, "input_1": "We also estimated the prevalence of other risk factors for falls and fractures, including osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, ataxia, visual impairment, deafness and delirium, using ICD-10-AM codes also tested on the VAED [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 969, "input_1": "Previous Peruvian studies have documented that children experience high rates of Giardia reinfection (19) and that children attain adult levels of seropositivity against Giardia by 6 months of age (30).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 970, "input_1": "10 Note, Filippini and Hunt (2012) utilize the Mundlak’s modification to the Pitt and Lee (1981) model instead.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 971, "input_1": "[4] The use of multiple maneuvers including swallowing water, separate-day imaging, oblique and lateral imaging, correlating with other imaging techniques, is essential for accurate diagnosis.[26] In the current study physical examinations revealed no palpable midline neck mass in any of the subjects, and postoperative US revealed no abnormally enlarged lymph nodes in the central compartment of the anterior neck.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 972, "input_1": "Although McCartney and Lessios (2004) suggested a number of alternative sources of selection on E. lucunter bindin, their samples included only Panamanian populations, leaving reinforcement as a possibility.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 973, "input_1": "In general, results were consistent with any of the following possibilities: (1) language delays in ASD are not a result of implicit learning deficits; other research has proposed a variety of alternative mechanisms for atypical and delayed language development in ASD, including, for example atypically developed joint attention (Charman 2003), and poor motor control (Gernsbacher et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 974, "input_1": "…genes identified to play a specific role in the development of peptidergic neurons was dimmed (dimm), which encodes a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that is required for the differentiation of diverse peptidergic neurons (Hewes et al. 2003; Park et al. 2008; Hamanaka et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 975, "input_1": "The expression of ISL1 was significantly higher in gastric adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry and bound up with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and histological grade [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 976, "input_1": "Potassium (Kþ) channels have the greatest amount of diversity among ion channels in the plasma membrane, which are encoded by over 75 distinct genes [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 977, "input_1": "We establish consistency in the well specified case by generalising the arguments of Sriperumbudur et al., 2017 to the vector-valued RKHS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 978, "input_1": "Its levels can also be elevated during menstruation or pregnancy, as well as in other benign gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis, peritonitis or cirrhosis, especially with ascites production (Tuxen et al, 1995, Meyer and Rustin, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 979, "input_1": "Anemone survival is crucial for the survival of the fish (Mariscal 1970; Elliott et al. 1995; Buston 2003a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 980, "input_1": "…others (Roshan et al. 2003; Fisher et al. 2002), the results of SICI with threshold tracking showed two periods of maximal inhibition at ISIs 1 and 3 ms. Fisher et al. (2002) demonstrated peaks at 1 ms and between 2.2 and 2.8 ms while Roshan et al. (2003) found peaks of inhibition at 1 and 2.5 ms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 981, "input_1": "Some international studies [39–41] that did assess the relationship between patients’ knowledge about oral anticoagulants and anticoagulation control using the Rosendaal Method had results in line with our finding of no significant association between them, while a few other international surveys found that knowledge positively affects the INR control [23, 42, 43].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 982, "input_1": "Moreover it is not only difficult to achieve site specific functionalization [15] but also align opposite edges of a GNR while rolling for nanotube formation [16] as suggested ear-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 983, "input_1": "The definition we used for prolonged postoperative ileus followed the recommendations published by Vather et al. (2013): the absence of passage of flatus/stool or inability to tolerate oral diet ‚â• 4 postoperative days.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 984, "input_1": "Queuing networks is one of the most used tools to model Discrete Event Dynamic System (DEDS), Cassandras and Lafortune (1999), useful to model realities like communication networks or manufacturing systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 985, "input_1": "Whereas Qazi et al. (2013) primarily manipulated channel selection and current levels within each temporal region in order to investigate the impact of noise-induced errors in sound coding strategies, the present study manipulated the gains that are applied in\na preceding noise reduction stage in…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 986, "input_1": "However, a previous discussion of time-resolved FTIR data (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a) argued that a similar transition with t .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 987, "input_1": "Spacers specifically determine the targets of CRISPR-mediated immunity (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), most likely after a base-pairing recognition of the complementary sequence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 988, "input_1": "An option is ‘targeted surveillance’ of patients with severe underlying disease or risk factors for ESBL-E carriage at admission [17,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 989, "input_1": "phospholipid degradation following tissue damage such as an ischemic brain insult (Horrocks et al., 1981).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 990, "input_1": "As in previous experiments (de la Fuente et al. 2007b, 2008), RNAi with UBQ, EF-1a, and SUB increased R. microplus mortality and reduced oviposition when compared to controls (Table 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 991, "input_1": "Finally, quantitative analyses were restricted to EHMs with a latency larger than 65 ms (rejecting 11 responses out of 251), which is the shortest visuo-motor delay based on the estimates of afferent and efferent delays of SC motor neurons (Guitton & Munoz, 1991; Munoz et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 992, "input_1": "Our water chemistry results are consistent with results published by Basterrechea (1988a) for Lakes SalpeteÃÅn,\n YaxhaÃÅ, Atescatempa, and Ayarza.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 993, "input_1": "The most extensive studies have characterized chick brain BgtRs in which three bands with molecular weights of ;50, ;57, and ;67 kDa were observed (ContiTronconi et al., 1985; Gotti et al., 1991, 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 994, "input_1": "In [10] the authors analyzed the time-varying wavelet transform through changing the two-band filter banks used in the tree-structured implementation of DWTs with an simple example.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 995, "input_1": "VDR\ndownregulation was not found to be driven by copy number variation or mutation and\nthus epigenetic mechanisms may be primarily responsible for altered expression(Long\nand Campbell, 2015) (Long et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 996, "input_1": "In line with our data, junior resident level has been shown to be associated with increased operative time for both open and laparoscopic hernia repair in adults compared with more senior residents.(13) Similarly, junior cardiac surgery fellows were found to have longer operative times compared with the senior fellow when performing coronary artery bypass grafting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 997, "input_1": "The level of the participants’ dementia varied from mild to extremely severe, as assessed by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [20], Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) [21] or Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 998, "input_1": "(2010). They collected verbal estimates and free-hand measures of outdoor hills using the present device for a set of campus paths ranging from nearly flat (0.5°) to fairly steep (8.6°). Note that the perceived orientation of any specific outdoor hill may depend on a variety of factors in addition to its physical slant (e.g., curvature and viewing distance), but if the free-hand measure represents the NSE orientation, then we should expect the relationship between verbal estimates and free hand (NSE) estimates to remain similar to that observed for near surfaces. In other words, we should be able to make a prediction about the verbal estimates based on the free-hand estimates. ----- Figure 7 to be inserted here ----Figure 7 shows Stigliani et al.’s (2010) numeric estimation data for outdoor slopes plotted against the corresponding free-hand estimates (NSE) for each physical path (physical path inclination is shown next to each data point).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 999, "input_1": "Second, HASM cells in culture, when observed between 3 and 6 h after plating, were not spindle shaped or aligned in parallel, as they are at the tissue level (5); instead, they were irregularly shaped (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1000, "input_1": "These results are inconsistent with those of previous studies, which generally suggest that leptin is associated with sympathetic activation [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1001, "input_1": "polycystic lesions showing extensive growth in the extracerebral CSF spaces and secondary invagination of the brain [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1002, "input_1": "The 47 pixels whose NDVI values were greater than 0 and less than 0.2 were seen as non-vegetation pixels (Tsai et al., 2007; Noujdina and Ustin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1003, "input_1": ") Botswana[102], Nigeria[87], South Africa[101], Zimbabwe[94] Comoro rousette (Rousettus oblivious) Comoros[107] House mouse (Mus musculus) Kenya[124], Madagascar[118] Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) South Africa[104, 122] Rusty-bellied brush-furred rat (Lophuromys sikapusi) Cameroon[109] L.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1004, "input_1": "Our algorithm extends the work [25] which addresses the traditional semi-supervised learning problem where labeled data is from a single source.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1005, "input_1": "Contrarily for the TRECVID 2010 dataset we have used linear SVM to learn from a suitable feature map (homogeneous kernel map) built by the histogram intersection kernel [137, 138].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1006, "input_1": "The application that motivated the calculation of g J was the identification of dot-depth one languages [49] according to a natural hierarchy of plus-free languages introduced by Brzozowski [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1007, "input_1": "To quantify habitat indication for each native and non-native species, we used an objective method that we developed in previous studies of effects of invasions, land management practices, or environmental conditions on plant species composition in a variety of ecosystems in MS (Brewer 2008; Brewer and Menzel 2009; Brewer 2011; Brewer et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1008, "input_1": "However, the reduction of GnRHR gene expression during inflammation in the PT may also result from the direct action of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress, because both IL-1β and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were shown to suppress GnRHR expression [14,38,39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1009, "input_1": "The vast majority of the Dot/Icm T4S effectors that gain access to the host cell cytoplasm are not absolutely required for bacterial intracellular replication, as the individual effector mutants do not replicate to lower numbers than WT bacteria (91).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1010, "input_1": "However, there are inevitably errors or uncertainties in spatial data, which are used to represent reality world (Goodchild and Gopal, 1989; Guptill and Morrison, 1995 Burrough and Frank, 1996; Shi and Liu, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1011, "input_1": "5 (Duarte et al., 2004; Hamada et al., 1999; Hrabe de Angelis et al., 1997; Xue et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1012, "input_1": "Candida spp. has been reported as one of the most common pathogens that cause hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in patients undergoing surgical or chemotherapeutic interventions and/or with underlying immunological deficiencies (Wisplinghoff et al., 2004; Pfaller & Diekema, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1013, "input_1": "By Perron’s theorem [27], the eigenvalue 1 is of multiplicity 1 and is the unique eigenvalue with maximum magnitude.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1014, "input_1": "This would also be consistent we our earlier study showing a threshold effect in electric field sensitivity, as evidenced by a sigmoidal dose–response curve (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000), which is a widelyrecognized feature of systems exhibiting cooperativity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1015, "input_1": "Two possible interpretations of these observations are (a) the spontaneous hydrolysis of PMSF (James 1978) and/ or (b) the existence of spontaneous reactivation (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1016, "input_1": "NC is thought to be the result of growth dysregulation affecting the mesodermal portion of the pilosebaceous unit (2), leading to a follicle-based hamartoma with imperfect differentiation in the epithelial portion (4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1017, "input_1": "Greater scapular upward rotation was demonstrated in rotator cuff dysfunction [14, 40, 41] and anterior glenohumeral joint tightness [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1018, "input_1": "Partial and total inbreeding coefficients were calculated with the ENDOG program (Gutierrez et al., 2003), that uses the algorithms described by Meuwissen et al. (1992) y Lacy et al. (1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1019, "input_1": "The thromboembolic complication was the first symptom of HIT preceding a subsequent platelet-count decrease in four patients [22, 25, 36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1020, "input_1": "unstructured in HSPB6 and predicted to have similar properties in HSPB1 (18), that is essential for this preferred association.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1021, "input_1": "Cyclin D1 protein is overexpressed in more than 50% of human BCs [28] and has been frequently detected early in breast pre-neoplasias [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1022, "input_1": "The MEK inhibitor PD98059, prevented AR induced by LPC (de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002) but not by A23187 and zona pellucida (du Plessis et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1023, "input_1": "GST-fusion proteins comprising the C-terminus of wild-type and mutant SERTs were used for pull-down experiments carried out with SEC24C and SEC24D.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1024, "input_1": "In all previous attempts [15, 30, 34, 8, 64, 43], the overlap problem is handled by partitioning the placement area and adding new constraints to the formulation to restrict the movement of the cells before solving another optimization problem.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1025, "input_1": "mutant embryos (Deng et al., 1994; Yamaguchi et al., 1994; Sun et al., 1999; Guo and Li, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1026, "input_1": "Metal concentrations were measured using an ELAN® 6000 ICP-MS (Perkin-Elmer, SCIEX, USA) (Maher et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1027, "input_1": "A recent storytelling task by Hendriks et al. (2014) confirmed this overall pattern but also highlighted that other factors can modulate this effect of the discourse stages.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1028, "input_1": "…did not use any chemical, biochemical or physiological characters, but in later taxomomic studies of Aspergillus physiological tests (Klich\n& Pitt 1988) and secondary metabolites (for example Frisvad 1989; Frisvad et al. 1998a, 2004; Samson et al. 2004; Frisvad et al. 2007) have been introduced.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1029, "input_1": "During the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, river captures and flow reversals caused regional extension of the Yangtze River basin to the eastern Tibetan Plateau (Clark et al. 2004; Fan et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1030, "input_1": "Nowadays, there are only a few studies that have a systemic view on these accidents (Bentley 2008) and which try, by using detailed analysis (Gao and Abeysekera 2004, Leclercq and Thouy 2004, Bentley et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1031, "input_1": "The authors proposed that partial repairs would restore the force couple of the humeral head and increase acromion-humeral distance, resulting in dramatic changes in pain and function [16-19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1032, "input_1": "Given that the angular spacings between adjacent views in golden angle acquisition are unevenly distributed, 610 views were used in the outermost region to fulfill the Nyquist criterion for a 240 240 image matrix (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1033, "input_1": "Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the insulin sensitivity index (SI) [6]; beta cell function was assessed as an index of the corrected insulinogenic response (CIR) [7] and disposition index (DI=CIR×SI) to adjust insulin secretion for SI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1034, "input_1": "Neurotransmitter release at the NMJ is regulated by factors intrinsic to the motor neuron, including proteins that regulate intracellular signaling, as well as retrograde signals that convey postsynaptic activity levels to modulate neuronal properties (Collins and DiAntonio, 2007; Harris and Littleton, 2015; Menon et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1035, "input_1": "This indicates that GJIC is important for controlling the balance between proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts in the skin, as well as for managing the production of ECM [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1036, "input_1": "While many genetic correlations between body parts in Drosophila are positive (Cowley and Atchley 1990; Norry et al. 1997), an exception appears to exist for the eyes and head.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1037, "input_1": "HA monomer, consisting of two linked subunits; HA1 (~324 amino acids) and HA2 (~222 amino acids, (Webster et al., 1992), totally weighs about 60 kDa in the unglycosylated form (Sriwilaijaroen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1038, "input_1": "Duschek and Schandry (2007) reported recently that impaired brain perfusion in hypotension especially in middle cerebral arteries (MCA) can cause cognitive deficits and even depression.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1039, "input_1": "Thus, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (Kroenke et al. 2001)—already administered to students seeking services at the clinic—was chosen as the screening instrument for the study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1040, "input_1": "Wadge has proposed in [112] a fragment of higher-order Horn logic called “definitional programs” as a meta-programming language “based on Church’s Simple Theory of Types” [112], that is, the Simply Typed Lambda Calculus or λ→ [28, 6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1041, "input_1": "[35] To document in-depth the effects that cognitive impairment has on women’s personal and professional lives.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1042, "input_1": "In particular, it has been noted that high levels of abdominal fat pose a particularly severe risk for progress to metabolic disease (12–18), whereas fat deposited subcutaneously is more benign (17,19) and may actually be protective (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1043, "input_1": "In a number of cases this resulted in a similar effect on transcription, namely activation of cryptic splice sites and exon skipping (Gardella et al, 1996; Posteraro et al, 1998; Terracina et al, 1998; Weil et al, 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1044, "input_1": "…sample into two groups comparing those who displayed high levels of behavior problems as indexed by the Eyberg Problem or Intensity factor, using previously validated cut-off scores and mirroring the criteria applied during recruitment for the study (Burns and Patterson 2001; Dishion et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1045, "input_1": "Dominant and non-dominant breast categorisation was implemented by examining the magnitude of superioinferior breast displacement (the direction in which the greatest breast displacement occurred; Scurr et al., 2010) of each breast, within each participant, and assigning the breast with the greatest superioinferior displacement as the dominant breast and the least as the non-dominant breast.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1046, "input_1": "…River Capture\nThere is overwhelming evidence that the Indus, Brahmaputra, and Ganges Rivers, existed as separate river systems soon after the original India-Asia collision (~55–45 Million Years (MY) ago) and even before large-scale elevation of the Himalayan mountains (Clift and Blusztajn 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1047, "input_1": "Group II anti-cryptococcal mAbs have been shown to enhance the function of effector cells (29, 44, 55) which likely have a primary role in host defense (56).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1048, "input_1": "For the MEC study, data for the three SNPs presented in this study were extracted from the GWA scan data generated using Illumina 660W.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1049, "input_1": "…remove excess copper and is observed by clinical symptoms such as hepatic abnormalities, neurological defects, more commonly psychiatric/behavioral symptoms (Hedera 2017), and eventually liver failure which can cause death when untreated (Chesi et al. 2016; DiDonato et al. 2002; Yu et al. 2017c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1050, "input_1": "Comparison of Ptf1a regulation in the CNS and pancreas These findings parallel those recently reported in the pancreas, where the 2.3 kb 5 element is also active (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1051, "input_1": "found that about 74 % had no regrets about treatment choice although about half reported difficulty and distress in making the decision [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1052, "input_1": "…turkey P450 1A and 3A orthologs with respect to AFB1 metabolism in liver microsomal and heterologously-expressed systems, which are, in fact closer to humans than those from either mice and rats (Rawal et al., 2010b; Gallagher et al., 1994, 1996; Ueng et al., 1995, 1997; Yip and Coulombe, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1053, "input_1": "functions as a molecular switch that both controls the duration of the NF-nB transcriptional response (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1054, "input_1": "On the whole, we had better results than Winslow and Brunt [31], perhaps because all the operations were performed by a single surgeon in our series.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1055, "input_1": "32 We note that our use of the term ‘blatant’ refers to the type (and not extent) of dehumanization perceptions (see also Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1056, "input_1": "Recent research has shown that features of interest in physiological signals such as electrocardiogram [5], [6] and photoplethysmogram [7] can be detected accurately from these sparse pulses.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1057, "input_1": "Inclusion criteria were having erosions detected by endoscopy at enrollment into this study or having a past history of RE, and having reflux symptoms at enrollment into this study, which could be evaluated using the 8-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF 8TM, Japanese translation) [12, 13] and the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1058, "input_1": "In addition, they are in keeping with reports that Ser19 phosphorylation is low in swine carotid arteries relaxed with forskolin (Meeks et al. 2008) as well as in a-toxin permeabilized mouse tail arteries relaxed with urocortin and cAMP (Lubomirov et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1059, "input_1": "In the domain of supply chain, logistics, and operations management, the approach has been popularized by Holmström et al. (2009),\nleading to promising initial applications (e.g., Finne and Holmström, 2013; Schleper and Busse, 2013; Tanskanen et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1060, "input_1": "While quantitative changes in bacterial numbers in the soil surrounding the AMF are seldom reported, changes in bacterial composition may occur (Olsson et al., 1996; Andrade et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1061, "input_1": "Up to now, studies of brucine are mainly focused on reducing the central toxicity by transdermal administration and improving the efficacy through a novel drug carrier [3, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1062, "input_1": "On the other hand, phospho-GSK-3β has recently received attention as a common mediator in protective mechanisms activated by different interventions, including IPC and ischemic postconditioning (IPost-C) [3,4,11,12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1063, "input_1": "Given the tree and the MSA, the Rate4Site algorithm (16) is used to calculate positionspecific evolutionary rates under an empirical Bayesian methodology (17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1064, "input_1": "It has previously been shown that members of the ADAM family of metalloproteinases are expressed in adult thymi [7,8,9,10,12,13] and that ADAM8 is expressed in fetal and adult thymi [12,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1065, "input_1": "For PLP-based features, we used mixtures of 128 for baseline, SWCE and Multi-peak and mixture of 64 Gaussians for the Thomson_1 and Thomson_2 systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1066, "input_1": "The invaded range of the species\nis well known (e.g. Brown et al. 2011), but the native\nrange of the species in Asia has until now been poorly\nunderstood (Poutsma et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1067, "input_1": "Similar results were found in other restinga areas of the State of Rio de Janeiro, where Eugenia and Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) were pointed out as super host plants (Maia, 2001; Oliveira and Maia, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1068, "input_1": "lingual phrase-based machine translation system with a reranking post-processing step8 (Wubben et al., 2012) and Hybrid, a model which first performs sentence splitting and deletion operations over discourse representation structures and then further simplifies sentences with PBMT-R (Narayan and Gardent, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1069, "input_1": "Sixteen other subjects took part in studies of lower intensity but more prolonged exercise comprising 45 min at 70% _ VO2peak then to fatigue at 90% _ VO2peak [3, 4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1070, "input_1": "This was surprising since sLex bearing LGALS3BP has been shown to be involved in the rolling of the ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell line on endothelial cells (8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1071, "input_1": "2002) or by enforcing constitutive expression of Dnmt1 in cells (Feltus et al. 2003) or of the CpG-specific bacterial DNA methyltransferase SssI in isolated nuclei (Fatemi et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1072, "input_1": "But from the experimental results in Wang et al. [2014], we find that R1MP outperforms these algorithms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1073, "input_1": "qRT-PCR of androgen regulated genes (TMPRSS2, KLK3), and DNA repair genes (PRKDC, POLE2, FANCI), were carried out as described previously (4) using the following primer pairs: GAPDH (F: GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT, R: GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG); TMPRSS2 (F: TACTCTGGAAGTTCATGGGC R: GTCATCCACTATTCCTTGGCT); KLK3 (F: TGAACCAGAGGAGTTCTTGAC R: TGACGTGATACCTTGAAGCA); PRKDC (F: AGCTGGCTTGCGCCTATTT R: GGGCACACCACTTTAACAAGA); POLE2 (F: CTGCTCCGTGGTGAAGCTAT, R: ATTCCTGGACTGCTGCTTCC); FANCI (F: TTCTCACTGCTCTTTTCAGGGAT, R: GCCCTGTTTCCTTTAGCTGC).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1074, "input_1": "Here we analyse the sustainability of the initiative over a 32-month period of operations, using a modified version of a framework developed by Sarriot et al. (2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1075, "input_1": "…independent real factor analysis (or noisy ICA), together with the corresponding criteria for the number of independent factors (Xu, 1998b, 2000, 2001a); as well as (e) several extensions of LMSER learning and the corresponding criteria for the number of hidden units (Xu, 1993, 1998b, 2000, 2001a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1076, "input_1": "8\nTo validate the quality of our categorization, the next section discusses series of experiments that compare the performance of the vector space categorization approach with one of the top classifiers, Naïve-Bayes (Friedman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1077, "input_1": "Critically, however, our reliability results converge with other investigations in the literature using a variety of methodologies (e.g., Brown et al. 2014; Enock et al. 2014; Schmukle 2005; Staugaard 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1078, "input_1": "On the other hand, there were reports showing that chewing rate and eating behavior did not differ between people with high and normal BMI [64, 65].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1079, "input_1": "Modelled HO2 concentrations were generally found to agree with observations (Mao et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1080, "input_1": "Recent studies found that dynein which was involved in neuronal migration may play an important role in the function of BDNF (Tsai et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1081, "input_1": "Twelve studies [3, 11, 15, 44, 50, 56, 60–62, 67, 69] reported incorporating some form of cultural adaptation salient to AAs including recruitment of only AA participants [60–62, 67], culturally specific diet and PA modifications [3, 11, 50, 56, 60, 61, 67], cultural sensitivity training for research staff [44, 56], employing AA case managers and interventionists [3, 11, 50, 60, 67], special attention to religion and spirituality [60, 62], AA community-focused field-trips to grocery stores, parks, and so forth [50], selection of study site in anAA community [67], and the formation of a minority implementation committee [56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1082, "input_1": ", 1993), and the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) proteins (Lydersen and Pettijohn, 1980; Compton et al., 1992; Yang and Snyder, 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1083, "input_1": "This protein was essential for the maintenance of the kDNA during cell division (12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1084, "input_1": "Periodic boundary conditions were applied and electrostatic interactions were treated using the smooth particle mesh Ewald method [41] with a grid spacing of 1 Å.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1085, "input_1": "The same 24 color pictures of Barbary macaques used in Pascalis et al. (2005) were used in this experiment to create 12 pairings (6 easy and 6 hard pairings).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1086, "input_1": "To understand the relationship between exercise intensity and affective responses research has focused on quantifying pre- to during and pre- to post-exercise changes in affective responses at different exercise intensities [3-14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1087, "input_1": "They have been identified as one of the major threats to the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (Ruiz et al., 1997; Mack et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1088, "input_1": "The Tsimane’ reported being healthy at the time of the study but, in the past, they might have suffered from otorhinolaryngological or other diseases impairing olfaction [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1089, "input_1": "Imaging studies showed reduced activation of visual cortices during vestibular stimulation (Brandt et al., 1998; Brandt, 1999; Bense et al., 2001), and this was hypothesized to be a cortical mechanism contributing to stabilize visual images during self-motion, along with brainstem reflexes (such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1090, "input_1": "The joint distribution differs significantly from the earlier distribution, developed in Forest et al. (2002) and used in Webster et al. (2003), because the model simulations for the twentieth century used by Forest et al. (2006, 2008) include several additional forcings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1091, "input_1": "Our recent characterization of spike frequency adaptation intrinsic to VSMN led us to hypothesize that the duration of phase 2 should be positively correlated with increasing phase 3 frequency (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1092, "input_1": "Total IgA fractions from all sera were purified as previously described [13] and used in experiments at a concentration of 1 μg/ml.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1093, "input_1": "For example, Kawato et al. (1990) suggested that movement trajectories can be projected using critical via-points through which the trajectory has to pass at a certain time, rather than in terms of the moment-by-moment dynamics of the implemented movement trajectory. Optimal trajectories can then be learnt by applying local optimising principles for getting from one via-point to the next. In this way, impoverished predictions can be used to monitor rich implementations. In the same way, language users might predict particularly crucial aspects of an utterance, but the aspects that they predict will depend on the circumstances. More generally, Meyer & Hagoort question the value of predicting one’s own utterance. They argue that prediction is useful when it is likely to differ from the actual event. This is the case when predicting another person’s behaviour or when the result of one’s action is uncertain (e.g., moving in a strong wind). But they argue that people are confident about their own speech. Meyer & Hagoort admit that they will tend to be less confident in dialogue, and we agree. But more important, we argue that the behaviour of the production implementer is not fully determined by the production command, because the complex processes involved in production are subject to internal (“neural”) noise or priming (i.e., influences that may not be a result of the production command). Assuming that these sources of noise do not necessarily affect forward modelling as well, predicted speech may differ from actual speech. In addition, prediction is useful even if the behaviour is fully predictable, because it allows the actor to plan future behaviour on the basis of the prediction. In fact, we made such a proposal in relation to the order of heavy and light phrases (see sect. 3.1, target article). Hartsuiker claims that our account incorrectly predicts an early competitor effect in Huettig and Hartsuiker (2010). His claim is based on the assumption that Response/Pickering & Garrod: An integrated theory of...", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1094, "input_1": "These results are in agreement with those reported by Schmalz et al.(20), who did not observe any negative effect in the viability of fibroblastkeratinocyte cells cultured onto pure Pd during 24 h.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1095, "input_1": "Synaptic heterogeneity is not the only evidence for plasticity of several synaptic parameters: (1) Hebbian pairing of pre and postsynaptic neurons was shown to result in a selective increase in low frequency synaptic transmission (Markram and Tsodyks, 1996) which is due to a specific change in U (Tsodyks and Markram, 1997); (2) while presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release is typically considered as a mechanism to block or enhance transmission between neurons, this action rather serves to change the frequency dependence of transmission; (3) paired pulse experiments that demonstrated changes in paired pulse ratios rather demonstrated changes in frequency dependence; (4) we have recently found that an initial stage of LTDa is preceded by a selective loss of facilitation (LTDf) (A.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1096, "input_1": "This technique is also applied to chemoembolization of tumor-feeding extrahepatic collateral vessels that develop with an incidence of approximately 25% (5,7), and chemoembolization of these ves-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1097, "input_1": "This antibody has been shown to detect a protein of 70 kDa when wild-type ChAT was expressed in COS cells (Ohno et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1098, "input_1": "In this review article, we first briefly explain the steps of a well-performed SR/MA [1] and then apply them to the topic of VUR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1099, "input_1": "First and foremost, consistent with our previous work (Leonard and Baum, 1998; Leonard et al., 1997a, 1997b), the results of this study represent yet another demonstration of the ability of RHD individuals to use a given type of contextual information, even under conditions of increased\nprocessing…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1100, "input_1": "Given that a higher prevalence of favourable rs12979860 genotype has been found among healthy individuals when compared to HCV-infected patients [41], it is plausible that our results support the notion of a protective effect of IL28B “good” response genotype within the Uruguayan population, as has been previously suggested by others [10, 44].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1101, "input_1": "Modified Cox-Snell residuals were used with dropout modeling in previous applications [9, 22], however they do not account for within-subject correlation and, thus, would not be appropriate in this setting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1102, "input_1": "The PISA radius derived from the M-mode (mm) was obtained by dividing the area between the first aliasing border and the valve leaflet leading edge during systole by the width of the area [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1103, "input_1": "The optimal multiuser receiver developed in [32][31] is based on the maximum likelihood sequence detection criteria.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1104, "input_1": "…isoforms (N-ter, R-233, PLCb136–87, D-8) recognized two bands with apparent molecular masses consistent with previous reports (Lee et al., 1987, 1993; Fukaya et al., 2008), whereas G-12 antibody only detected the heaviest band, in agreement with its expected specificity for the PLCb1a isoform (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1105, "input_1": "Additional rodent work investigating the effects of bilateral cortical lesions shortly following birth demonstrates a difficulty for early-cortical lesioned male, but not female, rodents to discriminate rapidly presented tones (<350 ms), while both sexes could reliably discriminate tones presented at longer interstimulus intervals (ISIs) (Herman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1106, "input_1": "For example, male sex, unmarried status, poor premorbid functioning, a family history of mental illness, birth complications and urban residence have all been associated both earlier onset and more severe illness (Jablensky, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1107, "input_1": "AtVAD1 VASt domain 3D structure modeling and structure-based clustering The 3D structure of AtVAD1 (At1g02120) VASt domain (residues 257 to 449) was predicted with I-TASSER web server (http://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/I-TASSER/).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1108, "input_1": "Anemone size reflects the size of the territory (Buston 2003a), and territory size could influence the fitness of breeders (Booth 1995; Beukers and Jones 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1109, "input_1": "…‘LA1698’ and susceptible genotype ‘LA2683’\nsynthase (PaKCS6) (Khadivi-Khub 2015; Balbontı́n et al. 2014, 2013; Kasai et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2006; Lu et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2006; Moctezuma et al. 2003; Schuch et al. 1991; Peet 1992; Cuartero et al. 1981) have also been identified to be…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1110, "input_1": "In a follow-up experiment Pascalis et al. (2005) examined the plasticity of infants’ discrimination of monkey faces by providing 6-month-olds with folders containing pictures of six unfamiliar monkey faces where parents were asked to show these pictures to their infant for 1–2 min each day (see…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1111, "input_1": "However, it does not significantly affect the kinetic stabilities and dynamics of both topologies on the s time scale of the simulations (60).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1112, "input_1": "SIFT, RANSAC and Homography are well known algorithms and interested readers can refer to [110] and [111].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1113, "input_1": "AY9944 (trans-1,4 bis-(2-dichlorobenzylaminomethyl)cyclohexane dihydrochloride) (1 μM as a working solution), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1114, "input_1": "Shelf dataset: We use a full body model with 14 parts in this case as described in the original paper [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1115, "input_1": "As such, the analysis of aDNA has been greatly enabled by NGS (Green et al. 2010; Krause et al. 2010; Rasmussen et al. 2010; Meyer et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1116, "input_1": "At each quarterly follow-up visit, we conducted HIV and STI counseling and testing, treatment of curable STIs (as applicable), product adherence and risk reduction counseling and pregnancy testing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1117, "input_1": "Immunofluorescence microscopy, colony and Western immunoblotting, and determination of switch frequencies were carried out using anti-α%$ antiserum in accordance with established procedures (Eisenstein, 1981; Caffrey et al., 1988; Henderson et al., 1997a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1118, "input_1": "These properties of EGFR-targeted ILs are consistent with previous results obtained with HER2-targeted ILs, which indicated a similar threshold for HER2-overexpression (3, 4, 27).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1119, "input_1": "As can be seen, the temporal transition models provided by the HMMs result in about 5% performance gain in both state and environment tasks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1120, "input_1": "Further investigation on the chemical constituents of the extract resulted in the isolation of eight new chromones (1–8) and three new phenol derivatives (9–11) together with eight known compounds: sydowinin A (12) [4], pinselin (13) [5], sydowinin B (14) [5,6], aspergillusone B (15) [7], AGI-B4 (16) [8], diorcinol (17) [9], cordyol C (18) [10], and hydroxysydonic acid (19) [11] (Figure 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1121, "input_1": "Findings of difficulties in locating the presented tactile stimuli, which were space- and not arm-based [32], and difficulties in deciding on the exact position and orientation of the limb or on the laterality of pictured hands in limb laterality recognition tests [29,42,48], are reminiscent of patients with poststroke", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1122, "input_1": "Another method is locally linear metric adaptation (LLMA) [18], which is more general in that it is linear locally but nonlinear globally.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1123, "input_1": "There is a strong correlation between the progression of interstitial fibrosis and the progression of cystic disease [9,10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1124, "input_1": "On the other hand, the studies have opened the operational HRN experiences through which providing the evidence-based inputs and facilities leads to predetermine supervised research outputs and outcomes (5-7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1125, "input_1": "4). nlp-3 is expressed in many sensory neurons, including the ADFs, ASEs, ASHs, ASJs, and AWBs (Nathoo et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1126, "input_1": "The enhanced levels of ROMs production lead to DNA damage (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1127, "input_1": "On the synonym choice task, we compute the accuracy of the covered items with partial credit for ties, following Mohammad et al. (2007). We report performance on all items as well as on the respective subset of covered items.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1128, "input_1": "The validity between the SNAP output and the Illumina Cardio-Metabochip product file was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa coefficient which calculates the percentage of agreement between both methods [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1129, "input_1": "AChE is required for endoderm adhesion to fibronectin\nIn vitro, AChE binds to extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands, promoting cell-\nsubstrate adhesion (Johnson and Moore, 1999; Johnson and Moore, 2004; Johnson et al., 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1130, "input_1": "As defined in [11], a graph G is cliqueperfect if τC(H) = αC(H), for every induced subgraph H of G.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1131, "input_1": "However, Nam has a significant impact in the area consumption and in the node’s power consumption as detailed in [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1132, "input_1": "included demographic information (sex, age, ethnicity), drinking status, smoking status, and personal medical history (described in Whitcomb et al.(45)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1133, "input_1": "In normalized form, these two eigenvalues provide a useful characterization of the global properties of the signal [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1134, "input_1": "As expected for a proline-rich glycoprotein, we have shown that these proteins contain various repeats of the decapeptide POVEKPOVYK and that the amino acid sequence of their amino terminal ends is the same, except for the fourth residue (García-Gómez et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1135, "input_1": "The promoter of S. elongatus glnN displays an imperfect NtcA-binding site (Aldehni & Forchhammer, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1136, "input_1": "One study has presented a daily average sedentary time of 9 h and 55 min (3 h and 10 min SD) [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1137, "input_1": "The study on the graft transmission of phloem proteins in interspecific and intergeneric heterografts in the Cucurbitaceae family suggested that the direction of phloem protein translocation depended on the scion/rootstock combination [43].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1138, "input_1": "These results are inconsistent with Se concentrations in individual tissues (Sevcikova et al. 2011), where groups supplemented with lactate-protein complex and Se-proteinate showed higher concentrations that groups supplemented with inorganic selenium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1139, "input_1": "The C2 motif is suggested to be involved in the transcriptional repression by AtMYB4 and FaMYB1, containing the core sequence LXLXL, which is also part of the EAR repressor motif (Jin et al. 2000; Aharoni et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1140, "input_1": "In a meta-analysis, a majority of patients present initially with mild epigastric tenderness that leads to fever and tachycardia, then peritonitis after several hours [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1141, "input_1": "The measurement was performed in the sit-\n ting position with the arm held in a comfortable position as described by Spijkerman et al.29 Maximum strength was expressed in kilograms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1142, "input_1": "Previous work has shown that such measures are related to dual tasking measures of gait variability (Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005) and that they respond as expected to cognitive-enhancing pharmacologic therapy (Auriel et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1143, "input_1": "These results corroborate studies that have demonstrated an enhancement of other types of reward with Dz-specific agonists [6,17,21,52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1144, "input_1": "This finding may account for the apparent persistence of previously unknown parasite strains in populations that are severely affected by HIV-1 (Pieniazek et al. 1999; Gramiccia, 2003; Pratlong et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1145, "input_1": "Both problems can be solved in polynomial time for strongly chordal graphs [6], comparability graphs [4] and Helly circular-arc graphs [7,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1146, "input_1": "The enzyme 3β-HSD has been localized in the ovary of a variety of mammalian species (Baillie et al., 1966; hamsters, Saidapur & Greenwald, 1978; humans, Sasano et al., 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1147, "input_1": "Social ties can provide key resources necessary for individuals to perform the roles or tasks of daily living [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1148, "input_1": "The inability to shut off STAT signaling properly in anterior follicle cells enables an excessive number of cells to acquire invasive properties, which can impede border cell migration (Silver et al., 2005; Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011; Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1149, "input_1": "with type 2 diabetes in recent years corresponds with results from several studies conducted in developed countries, including Canada [16], the UK [27], Denmark [11, 28], Australia [29] and the USA [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1150, "input_1": "The shape of this curve is also justified by the so-called S-curve of software testing [7, 4] that shows that the search", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1151, "input_1": "The mean value of 0.46 obtained for the interclass Hamming distance distribution (see Figure 15b) is practically the same reported in the literature, in spite of the fact that a different iris image database\nwas used, indicating that the implementation of Daugman’s method used in this work presents coherent results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1152, "input_1": "We chose this amplitude as it has been successfully used to elicit a female response in choice experiments (Hunt et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1153, "input_1": "Our results are consistent with those in mouse that show loss of mesodermal Fgf8a expression upon deletion of Tbx1 in the Mesp1-positive mesoderm (Zhang et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1154, "input_1": "The MPPD was applied to calculate the fraction of particles deposited and retained in specific parts of the human lung by comparing two different human exposure scenarios in the MASP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1155, "input_1": "…(SNPs) compose the VZ while intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) and basal radial glia (bRG), which are derived from VZ cells, populate the SVZ (Noctor et al., 2001; Gal et al., 2006; Kowalczyk et al., 2009; Fietz et al., 2010; Hansen et al., 2010; Shitamukai et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1156, "input_1": "…2005), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) (Law et al., 2004; Verheyen et al., 2002) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (Kushida and Gotoda, 2013; Miyazaki et al., 2011) or enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (Miyazaki et al., 2011) and hydroxypropyl…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1157, "input_1": "We speculate that CL may be the result of the NHEJ-dependent fusion of uncapped telomeres and subsequent chromosomal non-disjunction, while IHR may be the result of the recombinational repair of replication lesions (Meyer and Bailis, 2007), or exonucleolytically digested chromosome ends (Hackett et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1158, "input_1": "Only the statistically powered NLST study, with a sample size of 53,454, has detected a 20% mortality reduction with low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening [5], which was why we simulated 100,000 participants to obtain robust results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1159, "input_1": "Although predicting assay success rates based on the 50% duplication estimate of Allendorf & Thorgaard (1984) is subject to errors based on a large number of factors, our results are surprisingly consistent with their estimate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1160, "input_1": "Results for multi-task GP We now investigate the merit of using MTL, using the trainingdata tabulated in Table 1 for loadsc1, . . . , c14.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1161, "input_1": "Third, for reachability query processing, we select seven state-of-the-art algorithms for comparison with our LORch algorithm, including GRAIL [30] (abbreviated as GRL3), FELINE [26] (abbreviated as FL), IP+ [27],4 PLL [29] , TF [5], BFL [21] and BFL+ [21].5 We test these reachability algorithms using both random and equal workloads, where each one contains 1,000,000 reachability queries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1162, "input_1": "These correlation coefficients were then combined across all metaanalyses to obtain a summary correlation coefficient with a fixed effects model [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1163, "input_1": "…we identified 361 propionylation sites in 183 mid-exponential and late stationary phase proteins in Thermus thermophilus, an extremely thermophilic eubacterium (Okanishi et al. 2014), which was the first report showing the prevalence of post-translational lysine propionylation on diverse proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1164, "input_1": "Conventional meta-analysis proceeds by conducting a separate meta-analysis for each type of treatment against all others [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1165, "input_1": "Another study reported improved knee function following conventional treatment and retro-walking program in individuals with knee OA [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1166, "input_1": "Procedures for animal management have been reported in our companion paper on the same animals [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1167, "input_1": "Two distinct steps define mitochondrial division - an initial constriction of mitochondrial membranes, followed by final membrane scission (Friedman et al., 2011; Korobova et al., 2013;Murley et al., 2013; Korobova et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1168, "input_1": "Asexual parasites of the 3D7 clone were grown and transfected as described previously (Dorin-Semblat et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1169, "input_1": "Nadolol, a nonselective β-blocker for the β1- and β2-AR, was selected because previous studies revealed this drug to be a full inverse agonist at the β2-AR (Bond et al. 1995; Wisler et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1170, "input_1": "While Karnani (2007) insightfully opined about the potential role of disempowerment in the demand for skin whitening creams, the focus of his research was to study the case of “Fair & Lovely”, a skin whitening cream marketed by Unilever in order to demonstrate that Fair & Lovely is indeed doing…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1171, "input_1": "Although these methods were initially introduced into language processing for classification tasks [106, 107] many different NLP fields have adopted this idea to reduce the cost of training.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1172, "input_1": "Haplotype definitions were adapted from the Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB) [1], while phenotype translations and clinical guidelines were taken from the Clinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation consortium (CPIC) [2], the Dutch Pharmacogenomics Working Group [3] or the American College of Rheumatology [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1173, "input_1": "In [10] and, the sliding-mode control technique was used for robot navigation and obstacle avoidance in an environment modeled with artificial potentials.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1174, "input_1": "Similar reductions in crested wheatgrass cover as a result of herbicide applications have been demonstrated in grasslands without patch burn grazing (Bakker et al., 1997; Hansen and Wilson, 2006; Wilson and Gerry, 1995; Wilson and Partel, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1175, "input_1": "To overcome this issue we start from pre-trained models that we obtain by training networks without Sparse Variational Dropout for several epochs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1176, "input_1": "Nevertheless, the function of IL-27 on inhibition of IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells was substantial compromised in absence of STAT1 (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1177, "input_1": "Other categories might include ‘sex siren’, a category for masculine men who are judged for their sex appeal and physical attractiveness; ‘butch queen vogue’, a category that uses elements of vogue of hands, spins and dips; ‘femme queen’, and ‘virgin runway’, a category that is open to participants who are relatively new to the Ball scene (Dickson-Gomez et al., 2014; Galindo, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1178, "input_1": "Antidepressant use during follow-up was associated with more frequent mood episodes [436].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1179, "input_1": "…for multivariate analyses and experimental manipulations\nWithin groups of A. percula, the size of the largest individual influences group size (Buston 2003b), group size correlates with anemone size (Fautin 1992), and anemone size correlates with the size of the largest individual (Fautin…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1180, "input_1": "We modified the implementation of Virpioja et al. (2013) to remove the previous segments of the word from the parameters before reanalyzing the word, and re-adding the segments of the new optimal segmentation afterwards.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1181, "input_1": "As an example, we investigate the 27 nt pseudoknot PK1 of the upstream pseudoknot domain of the 3’-UTR of tobacco mild green mosaic virus, pseudobase ID PKB92 (Leathers et al., 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1182, "input_1": "TSSs of HERG1b, KCNQ1a, and KCNQ1b genes were determined with Ambion’s RNA-Ready cDNA Human Heart RNA Ligase-Mediated Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (5 -RACE) kit, as previously described (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1183, "input_1": "Comparative proteomics profiling of the attenuated line identified key changes in parasite thiol-redox metabolism [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1184, "input_1": "Akin to dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (29), free-induction decay s-SNOM (15), and nano-FTIR (17, 20), we use an asymmetric Michelson interferometer to frequency resolve the scattered near-field signal and amplify the weak, tip-scattered light.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1185, "input_1": "Nevertheless, the high sequence similarity, overlapping expression domains, and similarities in dimerization partners (Immink et al., 2003) of a number of petunia MADS box genes, especially among members of the same subfamily, suggest that genetic redundancy may be the major cause of the lack of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1186, "input_1": "All typical features of SDR (Oppermann et al. 2003) were found in the obtained model (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1187, "input_1": "In the rat kidney, carrier-mediated urate transport is reported to be operational in the proximal tubule based on microperfusion studies (Sansom et al. 1981; Weinman et al. 1983).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1188, "input_1": "A previously described computerized force-sensitive system was used to quantify gait cycle timing, specifically the swing time and the stride-to-stride variability of swing time (Yogev et al. 2005; Bazner et al. 2000; Frenkel-Toledo et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1189, "input_1": "For the dose–response analysis, we used GLST command in Stata software as the method proposed by Greenland and Longnecker [30] and Orsini et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1190, "input_1": "The first is the algorithm proposed in [8] which utilizes a variable-length n-gram model to balance the trade-off between the information of the underlying database retained and the magnitude of Laplace noise added.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1191, "input_1": "In other words, architectural styles can model well-formedness conditions of FIMs as well as the patterns induced by the security and trust requirements studied in [4, 5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1192, "input_1": "The MIC of DPU compounds for wild-type M. tuberculosis H37Rv was determined essentially as described by measurement of AlamarBlue fluorescence (Ananthan et al., 2009; Maddry et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1193, "input_1": "…exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010), and consequently breast biomechanics research has made recommendations to wear a high level of breast support (sports bra) when exercising to reduce breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010; White et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1194, "input_1": "Oxygen consumption of an additional set of 26 weanlings from 4 litters was individually recorded continuously from postnatal day 21 to 35 in an open flow system as previously described (21, 42).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1195, "input_1": "However, some of these studies did not separate out the double/triple-hit lymphomas from those with only MYC abnormalities in their analyses [17, 19, 20, 22, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1196, "input_1": "Urine in humans typically contains 10–30% inorganic arsenic, 10–20% MMA, and 60–80% DMA, indicating relatively efficient methylation (Cohen et al., 2006; NRC, 1999; Vahter and Concha, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1197, "input_1": "Hence, this result is consistent with the previous findings that both mammalian atrial and ventricular myocytes isolated from several different species, including humans, contain muscarinic receptors (15, 17, 18, 19, 38).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1198, "input_1": "In order to force the Morfessor method to follow the linguistic morphs produced by Omorfi, we added some new features to the Morfessor Baseline implementation by Virpioja et al. (2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1199, "input_1": "1995), and previous studies on Amboseli groups have found that dry periods are associated with increased time spent foraging (Bronikowski and Altmann 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1200, "input_1": "In maize, the plastid DNA (ptDNA) level increases and then declines, in some cases to undetectable levels in individual plastids, during plant development and in response to light (Oldenburg and Bendich 2004; Oldenburg et al. 2006; Zheng et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1201, "input_1": "This result is consistent with our previous finding that cyclosporine A could block FGF23-induced, but not FGF2induced, hypertrophy of NRVM (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1202, "input_1": "By pooling the data sets from both Ouguerram et al [20] and Schwartz et al [21] and using mmap~2 to account for the difference in the structures of compartmental models, we obtain: kCETP HL\n~5:47+2:05 pool/ day (mean6SEM).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1203, "input_1": "To follow up that study, we recently investigated in vitro RAG-mediated cleavage of these plasmid substrates, using ligation-mediated PCR (LM-PCR) to detect blunt signal end breaks (SEBs) at the 23-RSS or the cRSS [24] (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1204, "input_1": "Our finding is consistent with the report from the BGS [20] and other studies conducted in Nepal [22, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1205, "input_1": "A recent report (Teixeira et al. 2007) corroborated some of the previous observations and found that the o/w microemulsion was effective in reducing the cell numbers and preformed biofilms of five food-borne pathogens but lost all antimicrobial properties when diluted by the addition of water due…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1206, "input_1": "These results agree with the observation that impaired SAMe synthesis and a lower rate of transmethylation is a frequent feature in human NAFLD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1207, "input_1": "Compared to their k-based counterparts 2D SPEN pulses can have, under the right conditions, an enhanced robustness vis-à-vis field heterogeneities and chemical shifts [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1208, "input_1": "Anticancer activities of antioxidants are investigated thoroughly revealing the most common mechanism of action as the fenton reaction in which antioxidants at higher concentrations act as oxidants to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells (Matés and Sánchez-Jiménez 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1209, "input_1": "Less work has been done on assessing the value of FLAIR signal in the postoperative cavity [13–16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1210, "input_1": "Specific, limiting problems in attempting to model fit the felodipine data have been discussed from the classical modeling perspective [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1211, "input_1": "…frequency-dependent synaptic transmission\nIn order to examine frequency-dependent synapses in a quantitative manner it is possible to examine only the averaged response to a high frequency train of APs (Markram and Tsodyks, 1996, Markram, 1997,\nMarkram et al., 1998, Tsodyks and Markram, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1212, "input_1": "Our patient satisfaction rates are consistent with the results of other studies that have used diode lasers for turbinate reduction [3–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1213, "input_1": "These results fit with a dissociating pattern observed in LBD patients by Goldenberg & Karnath (2006), who found that some could imitate hand but not finger postures, whereas others could imitate finger but not hand postures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1214, "input_1": "…that denitrification is limited to the upper few cm of the hyporheic zone close to the sediment–water interface (Hill et al., 1998; Harvey et al., 2013), our results are in accordance to findings by Zarnetske et al. (2011b) and Kessler et al. (2012) who also report extended active hyporheic zones.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1215, "input_1": "…with a number of regulatory factors, including the putative Rab7 GTPaseactivating protein TBC1D5 (Seaman et al., 2009; Harbour et al., 2010), and retromer tubule formation is reported to be maximal at the time of Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion (Cullen and Korswagen, 2012; van Weering et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1216, "input_1": "In the early 1990s, Burkhart [16-18] coined the term functional tear of rotator cuff to describe a tear that was anatomically deficient but biomechanically intact.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1217, "input_1": "Classification of Genetic Variants All genetic variants in our cohort and those reported in the manuscripts uncovered by the literature search were reassessed and classified according to the current guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics.13 For this evaluation, we used MAF data derived from the Exome Aggregation Consortium and the Exome Variant Server.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1218, "input_1": "These interactions are only quantifiable in a realistic way by means of heat balance models (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 1998; Höppe 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1219, "input_1": "Although it can be argued that cull cow meat is generally used in processed meats and that meat tenderness is therefore not important, cuts such as the loin and fillet could be used as fresh cuts due to their higher value (Stelzleni et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1220, "input_1": "The Error Duration Model of Parke (1999) is essentially a discrete time analogue of the aforementioned model. However, the article contributes to the economics literature by formulating and interpreting the model in economic terms. The model to be presented below is an extension of Parke’s (1999) Error Duration Model, and the exposition follows that of Parke (1999) for ease of comparison.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1221, "input_1": "The moonlighting functions of several canonical metabolic enzymes have been described in mammals, fungi, plants, and protozoa (12, 13, 44).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1222, "input_1": "Therefore, TRPA1 is considered to be a promising target for use in identifying analgesic drugs [26-31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1223, "input_1": "Reagents\nIAP antagonists (IAP-As) LBW242 and LCL161[25–27] were kindly provided by Novartis Pharma Ag and solubilized in 100 % DMSO at 10 mM.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1224, "input_1": "However, the pretreatment ADC values had conflicting results to predict response in the studies of unsubtyped breast cancer.(7,10) Our study found that the preNAC ADC value of pCRs was significantly lower than that of pNCRs only in the triple-negative subtype among four subtypes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1225, "input_1": "Based on previously published results associating disease malignancy and miR-34c-5p expression and p63 and Ki-67 immunostainings in LSCC survival [17, 35–39], we", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1226, "input_1": "subtilis fur which has only one PerR box sequence in the promoter region (Fuangthong et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1227, "input_1": "In a case series report of 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis who received IT therapy with morphine and/or other opioid or nonopioid medications via internal pump devices (40), meningitis was documented in two patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1228, "input_1": "Similar with [10], in [12] the authors studied time-varying wavelet packets more theoretically with changing the two orthogonal two-band filter banks used in tree-structure of DWTs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1229, "input_1": "Also, in Serbia first outbreak of West Nile virus infection was reported in humans in August to October 2012, and evidence of detected virus activity in horses, wild birds and mosquitos (10-12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1230, "input_1": "potentially embarrassing or personal nature of reproductive studies per se (Handelsman et al., 1985), the attitudes of those seeking care (Tielemans et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1231, "input_1": "In Igf2mutantmice, nutrient transporters are initially upregulated when there is first evidence of maldevelopment of the interhaemal compartment in the placental labyrinth layer (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1232, "input_1": "Nevertheless, even if the higher estimate is more realistic, the population of the Udzungwa red colobus is by no means secure; its range is very limited, its populations are fragmented and discontinuous, and the threats from further habitat loss and human disturbance continued undiminished (Rovero et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1233, "input_1": "Primary antibodies were mouse anti-PLD1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX) diluted 1:100, or custom-made rabbit anti-ChKα antibody [24] diluted 1:250.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1234, "input_1": "Two representative software of this type are ssahaSNP (Ning et al., 2001) and PolyBayes (Marth et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1235, "input_1": "The physiological and toxicological roles of this enzyme involved in the formation of drug-ADP adducts are not well understood (Peterson et al., 1994; Hecht, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1236, "input_1": "However, this hinges on the critical assumption that PMan is equivalent to J ms [23] which, to the best of our understanding, has not been directly demonstrated [17], and is further complicated by a protracted 2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1237, "input_1": "Our results clearly demonstrated that PjPORB gene expression was subjected to leaf developmental control; and they were basically consistent with previous observations that PORB was strongly expressed early in seedling development, especially in seedling de-etiolation, and that its mRNA levels remained detectable in older seedlings and adult plants (Armstrong et al. 1995; Oosawa et al. 2000; Su et al. 2001; Frick et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1238, "input_1": "In denervated muscle, elevated\nHDAC4 has a dual role: it represses muscle structural gene tran-\nscription (Cohen et al., 2009) but also induces genes involved in\nsynapse formation andmuscle atrophy (Cohen et al., 2007; Mor-\nesi et al., 2010; Tang et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1239, "input_1": "The phase 1, or cardiodynamic phase (Whipp et al. 1982), is followed by a primary and rapid exponential process (phase 2), with the third phase characterised by a delayed rise in _ VO2 (slow component) which causes _ VO2 to increase toward an elevated steady state, or else it is truncated by the achievement of peak _ VO2 (Gaesser and Poole 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1240, "input_1": "Seasonal rise of prices or alteration in appetite to some food items has been documented in developed areas and could be considered as the reasons for the seasonal intake patterns (42).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1241, "input_1": "…have shown that a depressive mood state and poor quality of life are less likely in elderly individuals who meet empirical minimum standards of habitual physical activity: >4,000 steps/day or >5 min/day at an intensity ≥3 metabolic equivalents (METs; Yasunaga et al., 2006; Yoshiuchi et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1242, "input_1": "Bartroff and Lai (2008) carried out comprehensive simulation studies of the performance, measured in terms of the expected sample size and power functions, of their adaptive test and compared it with other adaptive tests in the literature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1243, "input_1": "[56] analyzed the effects of Emab on the cytokine production by purified total blood B cells from healthy donors and SLE patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1244, "input_1": "The sampling-grid free adaptive chirplet decomposition [10] is the extension of the so-called adaptive normalized Gaussian representation [7] and matching pursuit methods [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1245, "input_1": "OFD V (Thurston syndrome) is characterized by a midline cleft lip and postaxial polydactyly of the hands and feet [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1246, "input_1": "On the contrary, when nonvertebrobasilar vertigo is considered, the combination of cervical MRI, TCD and BAEP has superiorities to rule out vertebrobasilar insufficiency for their negative correlations [14, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1247, "input_1": "Although the study of heat transfer in magmatic systems has a venerable history (e.g. Ingersoll et al., 1954; Shaw, 1965; Jaeger, 1968; Spera, 1979; Carrigan, 1988; Huppert & Sparks, 1988; Bergantz, 1989; Marsh, 1989), the explicit connection between heat transfer and the trace element and isotopic…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1248, "input_1": "Health-related literacy was measured using the reading component of the STOFHLA.(7) The test generally requires 7 minutes to administer and is intended to determine participants’ ability to read and understand written health-related passages with readability levels of 4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1249, "input_1": "The plus­maze task mimicks the neurobiological and behavioral studies that will serve as future validation for the model (Albertin et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1250, "input_1": "The frequency of chronic of nausea reported in this study is consistent with results reported in previous studies [37, 39, 40]; however, compared to previous studies, which explored nausea related to chemotherapy [17, 34, 41], our study is one of the first to evaluate the specific problem of chronic nausea among outpatient advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1251, "input_1": "…evaluation in NLP applications such as information retrieval (Doucet and Ahonen-Myka 2004; Xu et al. 2010; Acosta et al. 2011), word sense disambiguation (Finlayson and Kulkarni 2011), MT (Carpuat and Diab 2010; Pal et al. 2010) and ontology learning (Venkatsubramanyan and Perez-Carballo 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1252, "input_1": "These results were corroborated with Souza et al., (2011) who observed ultimate pH of thigh muscle was higher compared to breast muscle and reported no significant effect of sex on ultimate pH in broilers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1253, "input_1": "Although the declining CO2 stimulation of leaf production observed here is supported by theory (Körner 2006) and observations from similar experiments (for example, Gielen and others 2003), less is known about the long-term response of forests to elevated O3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1254, "input_1": "Another study found that both low BMI and obesity were associated with increased risk of hospitalization (Hanlon et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1255, "input_1": "Our results showed that the frequencies of nodular hyperintensity on T2weighted images, nodular enhancement, and washout were significantly higher for locally recurrent HCCs than for successfully ablated lesions, as previous studies reported [5, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1256, "input_1": "HOLE [Nickel et al., 2016] extends the system scalability by learning knowledge base within the framework of compositional vector space model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1257, "input_1": "Although PPH is one of the most important types of autonomic failure in patients with PD (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995; Loew et al. 1995; Umehara et al. 2014) and related disorders (Hakusui et al. 1991; Hirayama et al. 1993; Mathias 1991), its predictors remain unclear.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1258, "input_1": "As for soluble TF, both patient groups differed significantly from the controls (146 [104-188] and 116 [92150] pg/mL in the patient groups, respectively, versus 76 [32-108] in the control group).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1259, "input_1": "To train the UAR mentioned above, we utilize bottleneck features (BNF) generated by a structured deep neural network (DNN) [23, 24, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1260, "input_1": "For example, people with a higher tonic HRV cope better with stress [26], express greater positive emotion [27,28], and make faster and more accurate responses in cognitive tasks involving executive function [25,29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1261, "input_1": "The concentration of glucose in MS loC is the concentration used to produce C-starved cells (Spector & Cubitt, 1992; O’Neal et al., 1994; Kenyon et al., 2002) and provides sufficient glucose to support growth for 3–4 generations before being exhausted.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1262, "input_1": "…glycoprotein that modulates interactions between\nadherent cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) via a host of cellular receptors, cytokines, growth\n2\nfactors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and other components of the ECM (Bornstein et al., 2000; Calabro et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1263, "input_1": "Apart from this, previous research [6], [7] have demonstrated the potential of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to identify ageing mechanisms offline in LIBs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1264, "input_1": "Examples are sensor networks [8], social networks or pocket switched networks [6], smart environments, and vehicular ad-hoc networks [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1265, "input_1": "For sedated patients our protocol introduced the Behavioral pain scale (BPS) a validated 3-item score [9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1266, "input_1": "Studies targeting the regulator of PI3K, PTEN—whose loss is common in medulloblastoma—have shown innate resistance to SHH inhibitors in PTEN null medulloblastomas compared to PTEN wild-type medulloblastoma [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1267, "input_1": "callosum, components of the commissural fibres; these results were similar to those of other studies [8,13,14,23,26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1268, "input_1": "A useful outcome of these results is that despite the higher-thanexpected NAC concentrations, there were minimal adverse effects of the drug seen (Table 2), as previously reported [2–4], although our data demonstrate that adverse effects graded ‘‘mild’’ were more than twice as common in the NAC phase compared with the control.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1269, "input_1": "In a similar way, several authors using flow cytometry, RAPD or RFLP also failed to observe somaclonal variations in various species (Pinto et al. 2004, Saker et al. 2005, Latto et al. 2006, Rady 2006, Loureiro et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1270, "input_1": "Pricing via a coherent risk measure was first introduced by Artzner et al. (1999) and it reduces to a search for the infimum3 of all risk measures over an acceptance set.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1271, "input_1": "Other investigators (4) have observed that patients who achieved zero or negative fluid balance on 2 consecutive days during the first 7 days of septic shock and acute lung injury had the best mortality.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1272, "input_1": "For color staining, 2% indigo carmine dye and crystal violet were applied directly through the endoscope channel and the pit pattern was identified by Kudo’s Classification [6, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1273, "input_1": "The firing properties of the Renshaw cells in this study were similar to those previously reported for the thoracic spinal cord (Kirkwood et al. 1981, 1988; Hilaire et al. 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1274, "input_1": "In this regard, one promising technique that has been considered is to employ variable forgetting factor (VFF) mechanisms to adjust the forgetting factor automatically [21]-[27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1275, "input_1": "(14) and simplifying we obtain the effective Hamiltonian for each step of the walk on the discrete position space,", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1276, "input_1": "Thirty relevant studies concerning OPG polymorphisms and BMD were identified by MEDLINE and by hand searching, and 16 of these studies were selected for fulltext review based on their titles and abstracts [6–12, 17– 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1277, "input_1": "Early molecular investigations and recent mRNA profiling studies have demonstrated that these adaptive responses occur at the transcriptional level in Arabidopsis (Branco-Price et al. 2005; Liu et al. 2005; Klok et al. 2002) and crop species, such as rice (Lasanthi-Kudahettige et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1278, "input_1": "It might be possible to resolve this problem using the concept of cluster ensembles [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1279, "input_1": "…Keddy 1989; see the review by Pausas and Austin 2001 and disturbance frequency gradients Connell 1978; Lubchenco 1978; Huston 1979; Wilson and Keddy 1988 could also be applied to the time since abandonment e.g., Peet 1978 , although the underlying factors may be different in each of these cases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1280, "input_1": "We have performed studies regarding lip hypoesthesia after SSRO using TSEP for long time (Nakagawa et al., 1997, 2001, 2003; Hashiba et al., 2007; Takazakura et al., 2007; Hashiba et al., 2008; Ueki et al., 2012, 2013a, 2013b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1281, "input_1": "They are applicable in scenarios such as designing questions for reading comprehension (Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017a; Yuan et al., 2017), and justifying the visual understanding by generating questions to a given image (video) (Mostafazadeh et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1282, "input_1": "Stat3 activity has been implicated in promoting various types of human cancers by regulating gene products involved in cell survival and proliferation [24, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1283, "input_1": "This combination of electrodes can measure Z from five regions: both sides of the upper trunk (ZTRur and ZTRul), the middle trunk (ZTRm), and both sides of the lower trunk (ZTRlr and ZTRll) (13).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1284, "input_1": "…study where similar P. falciparum growth inhibition was obtained (Table 1), in proliferation inhibition studies with mammalian cells, belinostat has been shown to be up to 11-fold more active than vorinostat (Khan et al., 2008; Andrews et al., 2012a; Sumanadasa et al., 2012; Parker et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1285, "input_1": "All individuals with schizophrenia received antipsychotic medication (amisulpiride, aripiprazole, clozapine, flupenthixole, olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone; mean chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZe) 297 (SD 178); CPZe for second generation antipsychotics were calculated as suggested by Woods [63].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1286, "input_1": "For fitting, all data were normalized for imaging-related photobleaching during postbleach time lapse (Walczak et al., 2010), and the average of all experimental traces from the wild type or synthetic double mutant was fit with a single exponential curve.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1287, "input_1": "The results of our abscess culture data are consistent with previously published reports [1–7], which suggest that these results are generalizable to the broader population.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1288, "input_1": "Classic classification principles are not able to effectively solve this task since they impose conditional independence among the periods under classification (Tsoumakas and Katakis 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1289, "input_1": "Recent studies have clarified that such mycoheterotrophic gametophytes are associated with a particular AM fungal group (Winther and Friedman 2007, 2008, 2009), but knowledge about mycorrhizal associations of aboveground photosynthetic gametophytes is still unclear for most pteridophyte families.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1290, "input_1": "The 2-cluster\n solution is consistent with prior results that used similar variables for clustering (Bensaou and Venkatraman, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1291, "input_1": "We used the stepwise multiple linear regression that accounts for repeated measurements in the same dog (4) first to test whether there was a difference among values for resistances and for elastances between control and emphysema at each mean Paw, considering the entire range of f and VT of forcing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1292, "input_1": "We obtain a dense (3NN + 7)-dimensional linear algebraic problem, which is solved using standard LU decomposition subroutines (Press et al. 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1293, "input_1": "Although there were significant structural and functional differences among hydro-geomorphic habitats, the lack of temporal replication in the present study means that the\nresults need to be interpreted with caution inherent in studies that lack temporal replication (Oksanen, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1294, "input_1": "In particular, our model results are largely consistent with a classical description of the neurophonic as a dipole field generated by postsynaptic currents in MSO neurons [3,4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1295, "input_1": "The accuracy of the MBIM technique was validated in a previous study (Krosshaug and\nBahr, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1296, "input_1": "Panobinostat also decreased the expression of T-cell–activating costimulatory receptor CD40, DC- and T-cell–activating receptor CD83 (23), and antigen-presenting molecules HLA-A/B/C (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1297, "input_1": "Architectural aspects of FIMs are formalised using Architectural Design Rewriting (ADR) that is a graphical formalism introduced in [4, 5] to formally specify architectural aspects of systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1298, "input_1": "While in [12] the authors classify memory accesses at page level, we leverage existing cache coherence infrastructure and by adding some more state information to the directory in a cache coherence protocol, classify memory accesses at cache block level.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1299, "input_1": "Such multi-way models have been applied to auto-fluorescence landscapes of food systems as well, like sugar (Bro 1999), meat (Moller and others 2003), fish oil (Pedersen and others 2002), milk (Boubellouta and Dufour 2008), yogurt (Christensen and others 2005), cheese (Christensen and others 2003), wines (AiradoRodriguez and others 2009), and edible oils (Guimet and others 2004; Sikorska and others 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1300, "input_1": "Subsequently, the natural infection of pigs with 2009/H1N1 has been reported in more than 10 countries, including China [3,4], Thailand [5], South Korea", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1301, "input_1": "In Arabidopsis, testa color is associated with seed dormancy, longevity, and germination (Debeaujon et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1302, "input_1": "…posttraining and follow-up was moderate in size after self-study instruction (mean d = −0.57; Martino et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2004; Moyers et al., 2008; Sholomskas et al., 2005) and after didactic workshop training (mean d = −0.55; Baer et al., 2004; Miller et al., 2004; Moyers et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1303, "input_1": "…to detect QTL related to yield components or fiber traits using mapping populations derived from different fiber mutants (Rong et al. 2005, 2007; Abdurakhmonov et al. 2007) or a multiple dominant marker line T586 (including a fuzzless locus N1) (Zhang et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2006; Wan et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1304, "input_1": "The antibacterial activity of manuka extract was tested using absorbance (Patton et al. 2006) on a microplate reader at 595nm for 36hrs at 30°C.\nField Experiment\nI. Soil Quality Tests\nThe bait laminar test is a good indicator of soil invertebrates and soil microorganisms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1305, "input_1": "All subjects were right-handed according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory [29] and completed a safety check-list screening for contraindications to MRI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1306, "input_1": "However, just as in the research results demonstrated by Murugappan et al. (Murugappan et al., 2007), (Murugappan et al., 2010), our classification results also indicate that the accuracy can be improved by covering the entire area with more EEG electrodes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1307, "input_1": "…values resulted in a less than ideal fit, it must be highlighted that fit indices are affected by the sample size [i.e., chi-square (Jöreskog, 1969; Tuker and Lewis, 1973; Bentler and Bonett, 1980; James and Mulaik, 1982; Kline, 2015)] and the number of considered indicators respectively [i.e.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1308, "input_1": "Lim, Shanthikumar and Vahn, from their experiments [9], observed significant variation in the efficient mean-CVaR frontiers when the number of scenarios that is used to generate each frontier is small, even though the true mean is known in the TMEC problem or the mean is not taken into account in the GMC problem.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1309, "input_1": "…sulfur cycling (Steudler and Peterson, 1984; Dacey et al., 1987) based on production of DMSP and DMS by benthic microalgae, macrophytes and macroinvertebrates (Otte et al., 2004; Van Alstyne and Puglisi, 2007), and MT production through anaerobic processes in the sediment (Lomans et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1310, "input_1": "To avoid patient-to-patient transmission, it may be important to detect patients colonized by 3GC-RE at admission to ICUs [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1311, "input_1": "In our experiments, the nonunified EIA is generated by the proposed method and the unified EIA is generated by our previous method [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1312, "input_1": "Polymorphism on Chr Y was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for zinc finger protein 2, Y linked (Zfy2) with primer pairs (forward primer 50-GTGAGAGG CACAAGTTGGC-30 and reverse primer 50-GTGCTCCTG GTATGGTGTAT-30) for distinguishing Chr Y between Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus (Prager et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1313, "input_1": "Meristems were fixed and embedded in Steedman’s wax according to a previously described protocol (Paciorek et al., 2006) and sectioned at 8 mm by a microtome (Leica CM3050S).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1314, "input_1": "We previously found that feeding a diet depleted of amino acids [protein-free diet (PFD)] to mice for 5 days decreases the total protein content and alters the protein pattern of the liver [14, 38, 42, 47, 48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1315, "input_1": "Selection: Selection of parents for reproduction is carried out using the roulette wheel rank weighting method [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1316, "input_1": "The time-dependence of glutamate uptake was insensitive to osmotic boundary conditions, as shown previously for leucine uptake (Hennigan et al. 1993b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1317, "input_1": "in adults older than 30 years; and cases in children or adolescents are rare [4,5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1318, "input_1": "Similar results were found in other species in which B is phloem immobile, such as strawberry (Brown et al. 1999) and tomato (Guidi et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1319, "input_1": "In line with classical interaction analyses for identification of “low level” spatiotemporal or perceptual audiovisual integration processes (Calvert et al., 2001; Noppeney, 2010), our factorial design enables us to reveal audiovisual integration processes at the decisional level by the interaction…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1320, "input_1": "The maximum residual tensile stress at both locations vary between 0:4 Y and 0:8 Y, in general agreement with experiment measurements (Boyce et al., 2001b; Peters et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1321, "input_1": "…which is lower than previous estimates of 30-80%, probably results from our use of a national data source which does not restrict the cases to children with CP who attend specialty practices or other sites of research (Graham & Rutter, 1968a; Houcade & Pasrette, 1984; McDonald, 1987; Rosenbloom.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1322, "input_1": "Neural acceleration requires the following changes to the SM and SIMD lanes and are modeled using McPAT [33] and CACTI 6.5 [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1323, "input_1": "We use BLEU (up to 4-grams) (Papineni et al., 2002) as evaluation metric, which computes the precision of n-grams in generated summaries with gold-standard abstracts as the reference.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1324, "input_1": "Furthermore, deleterious p53 mutations are observed in approximately one-third of luminal B tumors (Calza et al., 2006; Cancer Genome Atlas Network, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1325, "input_1": "Five different pain rating scales with questionnaires included in the study were Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS) (2), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (3, 4), Faces Pain Scale- Revised (FPS-R) (2, 3, 5), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (2, 3, 4) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) (4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1326, "input_1": "First, we use a simple heuristic proposed by Nikolopoulos et al. (2011) that prescribes the aggregation level to match the forecast horizon (more specifically that would be the lead time plus review period).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1327, "input_1": "These properties have been noticed by others who used ̂κ in place of ̂ (Friedman 1989; Brown et al. 1999), and they can be exploited to reduce the computation time for regularized discriminant analysis in high-dimensional settings (Hastie and Tibshirani 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1328, "input_1": "MinE, which is the topological regulator of the Min system, binds MinD on a binding site overlapping to that for MinC (Wu et al. 2011) and thus can\ndisplace MinC from the MinD-covered surface back to the cytoplasm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1329, "input_1": "A direct consequence is that overheads for address translation have grown to dominate run time for many important workloads with large memory footprint [46, 113, 241, 302, 303, 375].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1330, "input_1": "…internal consistency of the total scale and the subscales ranged from good to excellent (Streiner and Norman, 2008) and were on the same or better level comparedwith other studies (Jocovic et al., 2002; Marshman et al., 2005; Brown and Al-Khayal., 2006; Goursand et al., 2008; McGrath et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1331, "input_1": "9.2 Testing Queries Having Alternative Plans with Same Buffering Cost\nFigure 13 shows an example query template from an XML benchmark, XMark [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1332, "input_1": "Binding of EphB2 to its physiological ligand ephrin initiates signaling pathways critical for neuroplastic processes such as axon guidance, angiogenesis, and long-term potentiation, a form of associative synaptic plasticity observed at hippocampal synapses (Klein, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1333, "input_1": "Unlike the packed ER cisternae characteristic of professional secretory cells (Harding et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2005), the ER of adipocytes (d5) have few loosely dispersed cisternae with discernible ribosomes (Figure 3G) as shown previously (Novikoff et al., 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1334, "input_1": "-Actin, renin, COX-1, COX-2, nNOS, and endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA levels were measured by ribonuclease protection assays, as described elsewhere (4, 26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1335, "input_1": "…and Osmunda gametophytes and Glomus group A fungi, but it remains uncertain whether the gametophytes have specificity toward Glomus group A fungi as do mycoheterotrophic fern gametophytes (Winther and Friedman 2007, 2008, 2009), or specific Glomus A fungi are abundant in the sampling sites.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1336, "input_1": "systemically [13,18-23] or directly into the anterior portion of the striatum [24] alters the speed of interval timing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1337, "input_1": "Many algorithms use information from previous weight updates to determine how large an update can be made without diverging [1,13,15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1338, "input_1": "…24 April 1, 2013 Rap1 and Canoe regulate polarity | 947\nroles in regulating cell–cell and cell matrix adhesion (Kooistra et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2011) and AJ:actin linkage during apical constriction (Sawyer et al., 2009) and its presence at the plasma membrane cytoskeleton is…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1339, "input_1": "These current results therefore extend previous studies that have reported discrepancies in pain perception following manipulated representations of the body (Ramachandran et al. 2009; Preston and Newport 2011) independent of the influence of pure response bias (Romano and Maravita 2014; Mancini et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1340, "input_1": "…Star, Legend, and, ultimately Icon statuses, which are based on the number of years in the community, number of awards or trophies amassed, recognition within a particular category, and the number of balls participated in through the years (Galindo, 2013; personal communication with POSSE CAB).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1341, "input_1": "…species with a male or a female heterogametic sex determination system (i.e. an XX/XY or ZZ/ZW system, respectively), individuals of the heterogametic sex possess sexspecific genomic regions for which sex-specific molecular genetic markers can be developed (Gamble 2016; Griffiths and Tiwari 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1342, "input_1": "The striatum consists of two parallel motor circuits that have antagonistic effects on motor behavior, direct pathway neurons activated through D1 receptors that facilitate motor behaviors and indirect pathway neurons inhibited by D2 receptor activity that prevent motor cortex activity (Albin et al., 1989; Gradinaru et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1343, "input_1": "In accordance with our results, the exogenous application of BRs has been shown to lead inhibition of root growth (Schumacher and Chory 2000), which was also previously reported for Arabidopsis (Clouse et al. 1993) and tomato (Dhaubhadel et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1344, "input_1": "The reference methods we considered in the com-\nparative study include the following:\n• Hierarchical Dirichlet process, denoted as HDP (Goldwater et al., 2009);\n• Nested Pitman-Yor process, denoted as NPY (Mochihashi et al., 2009);\n• Adaptor grammars, denoted as AG (Johnson and Goldwater, 2009);\n• Branching entropy + MDL, denoted as EntMDL (Zhikov et al., 2010);\n• Bootstrap voting experts + MDL, denoted as BVE-MDL (Hewlett and Cohen, 2011);\n• Description length gain, denoted as DLG (Zhao and Kit, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1345, "input_1": "Large (23 S-like) and small (16 S-like) ribosomal subunit RNA sequences were obtained from the Antwerp database and the Ribosomal Database Project (Maidak et al., 1997; van de Peer et al., 1997a,b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1346, "input_1": "For this we employ QVTo, an Eclipse integration of the QVT Operational Mappings model transformation standard [18], Uppaal as an external model checker, and EMF Compare [6] to compare arbitrary EMF models.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1347, "input_1": "The performance of this method is carried out by examining the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) [28, 29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1348, "input_1": "However, the inclusion of a reducing agent enabled rapid and complete reconstitution of ADA (35) but not LigY.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1349, "input_1": "Similarly, we have recently found that coculture of pulmonary arterial ECs (PAECs) with pulmonary arterial SMCs (PASMCs) results in formation of myoendothelial gap junctions, which induce activation of TGF- signaling and differentiation of the PASMCs toward a contractile phenotype (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1350, "input_1": "After having estimated the TVAR for a given lag of the threshold variable, we perform a sup-LR test (Hansen, 1999; Lo and Zivot, 2001; Galvão, 2003; Clements and Galvão, 2004), in order to check the robustness of the results provided by the Tsay tests as to possible small-sample biases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1351, "input_1": "The stronger association observed between BMI and TBF than between BMI and PBF is consistent with several previous investigations (7, 21, 32).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1352, "input_1": "In contrast, Bork et al. (2010) observed that except for some genes such as homeobox genes, methylation patterns were maintained throughout long-term culture of BM-MSCs, showing different results than those in our present study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1353, "input_1": "On the other hand, SRC activation by BCAR3 (30, 32) has been recently shown to promote phosphorylation of the Tyr-789 motif of PTP , a receptor-type phosphatase that can potentiate SRC activation by dephosphorylating its inhibitory Tyr-527 phosphorylation site (37).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1354, "input_1": "…been shown to be required for furrow ingression, and membrane-marking experiments have indicated regions where directed membrane addition is likely to occur (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000; Sisson et al., 2000; Pelissier et al., 2003; Riggs et al., 2003; Fabrowski et al., 2013; Figard et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1355, "input_1": "Most of the breast cancer survivors reported changes in the cognitive domains of short and long term memory, processing speed, attention, concentration, language, verbal memory and executive functioning [32,33,35,36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1356, "input_1": "Much is known about LH signaling at the somatic cell level (Richards et al., 2002; Tsafriri et al., 2005; Conti et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1357, "input_1": "The report by Jablensky and Cole (1997) listed age at onset of schizophrenia (AAO) in thirteen northern hemisphere cities.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1358, "input_1": "From our perspective, it seems the current results, along with those of Pascalis and others (Pascalis et al., 2002; Pascalis et al., 2005), are equally consistent within a framework of perceptual learning.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1359, "input_1": "This result is highly relevant, as fluid movement has been implicated in nutrient transport and mechanotransduction and may be fundamentally important in the behavior of fascicles in normal tissues [6,9,26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1360, "input_1": "We used longitudinal sequence samples for 15 patients from two independent studies [13,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1361, "input_1": "These findings are consistent with previously reported studies that have attributed decreased Na-K-ATPase activity in hypothyroidism to a selective decrement in the -subunit of Na-K-ATPase (8, 17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1362, "input_1": "Other PROs included the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale [24]; morning stiffness, measured by its severity on a 0-mm (no problem) to 100-mm (major problem) VAS [25]; the Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) questionnaire [26]; and the RA-specific Work Productivity Survey (WPS-RA) [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1363, "input_1": "[Ca(21)]i was measured as described previously (19), with a slight modification for humans.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1364, "input_1": "GATA-binding factors are both positive and negative regulators of vitellogenesis (23, 28), and discernible mRNA accumulation patterns are associated with distinct members of the GATA-motif family.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1365, "input_1": "More recent examples for maize include Labate et al. (1999) and Coque and Gallais (2006) for yield selection, and Wisser et al. (2008) for disease resistance, while De Koeyer et al. (2001) examined yield in oats.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1366, "input_1": "Immunoblotting using primary antibodies for anti-eNOS (BD Biosciences), anti-phospho-eNOS Thr495 (Cell Signaling), anti-phosphoeNOS Ser1177 (Millipore), anti-eNOS (BD Transduction Laboratories), anti-RhoA (Abcam), and anti-b-actin (Sigma) was performed as described previously, following a 1 h incubation with IL-17 (mouse rIL-17A, 1 mg/mL; eBioscience).(28,29) Immunoblotting was also performed for these proteins in IL17-treated cells following co-treatment with an IL-17 neutralizing antibody (20 ng/mL for 30 min; BioLegend), the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Gö6976 (1 mmol/L for 30 min; Sigma), the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (50 mmol/L for 30 min; Cayman Chemical Co.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1367, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with those from others, who showed that a few specialized colons are responsible for the majority of S. aureus mastitis cases (Kapur et al., 1995; Akineden et al., 2001; Mork et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1368, "input_1": "When there are internally generated gamma rhythms, the stimulus with the largest magnitude is represented by the downstream population with a high probability; this result is similar to the previous\nresults (Börgers et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1369, "input_1": "However, other studies in RA patients have not found a correlation between the SE and PD or Pg antibodies [5,14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1370, "input_1": "In the last 5 years, it has been published as the most comprehensive study on the distribution of PLCb1 in the mouse brain, showing that it is highly expressed in the somatodendritic compartment of principal neurons of the telencephalon (Fukaya et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1371, "input_1": "The findings from the experimental studies considered (Von der Behrens et al., 2009; Anderson et al., 2009; Malmierca et al., 2009; Ulanovsky et al., 2004, 2003) vary in\nrespect to their details but nevertheless appear to reveal a set of common relations between these basic parameters and the SI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1372, "input_1": "InFO is designed as a set of ontology design patterns [237, 121], which are described in Section 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1373, "input_1": "The histologic results are in conformity with those previously reported by several authors (Tansurat 1971; Viranuvatti and Stitnimankarn 1972; Bhamaraprarah et al. 1978; reviews in Schwartz 1980 and Flavell 1981; Riganti et al. 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1374, "input_1": "Therefore, single-channel and the whole cell patch-clamp experiments confirmed the previous reports that ANG II stimulates ENaC by an aldosterone-independent and AT1R-dependent mechanism (6, 33).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1375, "input_1": "…of the insect brain such as the central complex with its proven key role in sensory/motor coordination (Strauss 2002; Heinze and Homberg 2007; Strausfeld 2009) and spatial memory and orientation (Liu et al. 2006; Neuser et al. 2008) are built according to an elaborate molecular program whose…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1376, "input_1": "2015), thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the biology of sexually reproducing organisms (Griffiths and Tiwari 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1377, "input_1": "For sentence-level similarity, Ji and Eisenstein [14] apply data-driven approach for weighting the features for paraphrase classification task.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1378, "input_1": "Previous studies of the chronic intoxication with cylindrospermopsin [41] or MCs have shown proliferation of connective tissue and dilatation of tubules and glomeruli [19,29] filled with proteinaceous material.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1379, "input_1": "In contrast, the pro-hypertrophic effects of the prototypical paracrine FGF family member, FGF2, were blocked by inhibitors of the Ras/MAPK cascade (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1380, "input_1": "Correct control of DNA methylation is vital to normal cellular function, and DNA methylation dysfunction has been linked to a number of human pathologies [18,19], including complex neuropsychiatric phenotypes such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1381, "input_1": ", 1998), and it was then found that their impaired system initiates narcoleptic symptoms (Chemelli et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999; Mieda and Yanagisawa, 2002; Sutcliffe and de Lecea, 2002; Sakurai, 2005; Nishino, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1382, "input_1": "In particular, mesenchymal fibroblast growth factor–10 (34), endodermally derived fibroblast growth factor receptor–2 (35), sonic hedgehog (SHH)/GLI 2,3 (36), and retinoic acid receptors (37) each play important roles during early tracheal–pulmonary morphogenesis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1383, "input_1": ", 2006) and Bombyx mori (Gui et al., 2006; Lee et al., 2009) and are involved in programmed cell death during metamorphosis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1384, "input_1": "Abdullah (1966) found expressions for the fundamental (F0) and first harmonic (F1) of the vibrational modes in Hertz to be\nF0 4U2 C2 25 2 16 2C 2 R, 3 and\nF1 4U2 C2 81 2 16 2C 2 R, 4 where C is the speed of sound in meters per second (a value of 330 m s 1 is used in making the estimates below), U…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1385, "input_1": "Based on these findings, the antagonistic activities between Nodal and BMP signaling are at least in part due to the formation of signaling-inactive Nodal (or Xnr3) -BMP heterodimers (Haramoto et al., 2004; Yeo and Whitman, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1386, "input_1": "To find neighboring genes on the genome, a custom track for the ‘374 Gene Set’ was generated and analyzed with the UCSC Genome Browser [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1387, "input_1": "The cells, grown on 25-mm coverslips, were loaded with rhodamine 123 (R123, Molecular Probes) by incubation with 10 mg/ml for 30 min at 37°C (11, 12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1388, "input_1": "Both from our laboratory and studies from other investigators demonstrated that clinical radiotherapy resulted in predominant activation of NFκB in surviving tumor cells including breast cancer cells [15-17,27-29,31,33,39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1389, "input_1": "16S rRNA Gene Sequencing The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced for a random subset of 323 of the 459 isolates as described previously (Davelos et al., 2004c) (plot 1, n=146; plot 2N, n=51, plot 3, n=39; plot 4N, n= 27; plot 5, n= 42; plot 6N, n=18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1390, "input_1": "Oxidized graphene nanomaterials were demonstrated to be able to serve as efficient carrier systems for the targeted delivery of chemical drugs [19-22] and biomolecules including proteins, DNA and siRNA [23-26] Furthermore, the potential of GO for biosensing [27,28] and bioimaging applications is being explored [29-32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1391, "input_1": "We examined WC and WHR as measures of central adiposity, due to recent evidence suggesting that central fat may be superior to BMI in estimating the etiologic role of excess fat in CRC [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1392, "input_1": ", 2006) and the circadian expression of heart mPai-1 was completely abolished in Clockmutant mice (Minami et al., 2002; Oishi et al., 2005a), these results suggest that the distal mPai-1 E-box identified here is a target for GC action and may contribute to the synchronization of Pai-1 by DEX in vivo.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1393, "input_1": "For this dataset we considered a linear kernel computed on a set of biologically inspired features [5] as well as the Gaussian kernel on the same features.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1394, "input_1": "Recently, researchers have utilized novel distributed hash table (DHT) techniques to build virtual structures on overlay networks by mapping nodes to a specific structure be it a CHORD [12] or a coordinate space [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1395, "input_1": "It involves progressive fibrous and fatty replacement of myocardium in the inflow, apical and outflow portions of the right ventricle, resulting in ventricular tachycardia with incurrent risk of sudden death and in a proportion of cases, progressive RV dysfunction [1-5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1396, "input_1": "These results extend bivariate findings from a previous study showing a significant association between multidisciplinary services and reduction of mistreatment risk in cases of elder mistreatment (Ernst & Smith, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1397, "input_1": "The area under the curve represents the probability that the logistic regression model will rank a randomly chosen positive instance (i.e., an error) higher than a randomly chosen negative instance (i.e., nonerror; Fawcett, 2006; Macmillan & Creelman, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1398, "input_1": "For metabolite assays, capillary blood ( 60 ll) was collected and treated according to methods described previously (Christmass et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1399, "input_1": "Data analysis Data from Gajdosik et al (1985) showed a mean difference between passive SLR and SLR/DF ranges of 10 degrees with a standard deviation of 5 degrees.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1400, "input_1": "Peripheral nerve disease is a chronic complication of human and experimental diabetes (30) that may confound observational or quantitative measurements of evoked motor responses.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1401, "input_1": "FGFR4 Blockade Attenuates LVH in the 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Model of CKD We tested the therapeutic potential of interfering with cardiac FGF23-FGFR4 signaling in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of CKD that develops increased FGF23 levels, severe hypertension, and LVH within 14 days after nephrectomy (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1402, "input_1": "…allowing the device to include a range of features (e.g. digital compasses, accelerometers, gyroscopes and light meters), to act as global positioning (GPS) receivers, and to run software that processes geospatial information in ways\ncomparable to more expensive computing devices (Kwok 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1403, "input_1": "In addition, sequences homologous to the cao-2 (Saelices et al. 2007) and ylo-1 (Estrada et al. 2008) genes for the Wnal steps to neurosporene are present in the sequenced genome from P. anserina (Espagne et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1404, "input_1": "On the morning of the infusion day, catheters were placed percutaneously into one tail vein and one tail artery under local lidocaine anaesthesia [16], and the tail was then secured as described above.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1405, "input_1": "CRISPs are single-polypeptide proteins with molecular weights of ;20 to 30 kDa (Yamazaki and Morita 2004, 2007) and are known to have a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity and a highly conserved specific pattern of 16 cysteine residues.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1406, "input_1": "For all in vivo measurements of protein synthesis with SUnSET (Goodman et al., 2011b), puromycin solution was prepared by diluting the appropriate volume of the stock solution that was needed to inject micewith 0.04 µmol/g body weight in 200 µl of PBS, and subsequently administered into the animals…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1407, "input_1": "In the context of stream joins, this is usually done by selectively dropping some of the input tuples or selectively processing only a subset of the join windows [3,9,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1408, "input_1": "26 Finally, Gillingham and Tsvetanov (2017) provide support for their assumption of static demand using data on purchases and a consumer survey in the residential solar market in Connecticut, in the United States.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1409, "input_1": "In addition, the MMSE [16], the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) [35] and Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [26] were administered to assess mental state.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1410, "input_1": "4.2 the COLD-Saarb dataset is concisely described, while detailed information can be found in (Ullah et al 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1411, "input_1": "Surface staining for flow cytometry was performed by standard techniques (Johnston et al., 2009) and the following clones: CD4 (RM4-5), CD45.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1412, "input_1": "The importance of Lcarnitine in improving oocyte quality and reproductive performance has been demonstrated in animal and human studies [19-24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1413, "input_1": "persistence of previously unknown parasite strains in populations that are severely affected by HIV-1 (Pieniazek et al. 1999; Gramiccia, 2003; Pratlong et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1414, "input_1": "Based upon this review of slides, cases were assembled into three case-series representing progressively more stringent de®nitions of OED, the most restrictive of which required that both blinded pathologists diagnose the case as having OED [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1415, "input_1": "…0.1-1 µg/ml IgG) followed by fluorescent secondary antibody, both diluted in 4% BSA in TBST. α-Tubulin was detected with mouse monoclonal DM1α (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, MO). p60 katanin was detected with an affinity-purified anti-human p60 rabbit polyclonal antibody (McNally and Thomas, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1416, "input_1": "For amplification of over 500 bp of rpoB, primers (rpobF, rpoBR, rpoBF2 and rpoBR2) and PCR cycling conditions described by Rajaniemi et al. (2005) were used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1417, "input_1": "A poor performance on the FCSRT has also shown a high correlation with atrophy in the medial temporal lobe (Sánchez-Benavides et al., 2010; Sarazin et al., 2010), and was significantly associated with cerebrospinal fluid ADbiomarkers (Rami et al., 2011; Wagner et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1418, "input_1": "The SUM1315 cell line was purchased from Asterand (Detroit, MI, USA) in 2009 and cultured as in [17] from freeze downs from 2009.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1419, "input_1": "…eVects of gravity\n The results of this experiment are consistent with the hypothesis that human observers apply a simpliWed model of gravity when predicting the vertical movements of an object (McIntyre et al. 2001; Senot et al. 2005; Zago and Lacquaniti 2005; Zago et al. 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1420, "input_1": "A few years ago, a kinetic model was proposed for the glucosidase II alpha subunit (1, 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1421, "input_1": "Maxout MLP has previously been proven as a universal approximator [7], wherein a maxout unit is implemented by the following function:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1422, "input_1": "We choose InferSent because it performed competitively with the best-scoring systems on the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset (Bowman et al., 2015), while being representative of the types of neural architectures commonly used for NLI tasks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1423, "input_1": "EF was assessed using the Behavior Rating of Executive Function – SelfReport (BRIEF-SR; Guy et al. 2004), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Computerized Version 4 (WCST-CV4), and five computerized tasks: Go/No-Go, Anti-Saccade Arrows Task, Task Switching, the Flanker Task, and Shape Matching (Friedman and Miyake 2004; Nigg 2000; Rogers and Monsell 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1424, "input_1": "Different mechanisms of resistance to CDDP have been described, including reduced intracellular accumulation of CDDP; increased detoxification of CDDP by the thiols, glutathione and metallothionein; increased DNA-repair activity; and increased tolerance to DNA damage (Galluzzi et al. 2012; Kelland 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1425, "input_1": "Either explanation (DIR1 dimers or DIR1-protein complexes) fits with the appearance of trypsin-sensitive high molecular weight fractions in dehydroabietinal-elicited SAR observed by Chaturvedi et al. (2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1426, "input_1": "Similar results were reported by Lima et al. (2011) when using fruit extracts, and by NazaÃÅrio (2011), when using extracts from recalcitrant seeds of the palm tree Bactris gasipaes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1427, "input_1": "The type species, Aedes aegypti densonucleosisvirus (AaeDNV) genome encodes two overlapping ORFs the nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2 (Afanasiev et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1428, "input_1": "We computed texture features that have been shown in previous studies with mammograms to distinguish the parenchymal patterns of women at different risk levels [2, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1429, "input_1": "Our fieldwork included hands-on participation in maker projects, drawing from methods such as research through design and critical making [5, 51, 71].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1430, "input_1": "While azoospermia is common in males with isodicentric Y chromosome, our understanding of the cause of spermatogenic failure is clear only for those idic Yp patients with breakpoints that occur along the Yq and typically result in AZF deletion and/or recombination [12, 13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1431, "input_1": "Our results are also consistent with those of recent studies of how experimentally conditioned aversive stimuli inhibit instrumental approach behavior (Geurts et al., 2013; Huys et al., 2011), which have been modeled as competing valuation systems in RL models (Dayan et al., 2006; Guitart-Masip et al., 2012, 2014; Huys et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1432, "input_1": "In this paper, the RP of LC is obtained by using the calculation method given in our published manuscripts [20, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1433, "input_1": "In that study, they concluded that the error probability of each option was dependent on its position in the interface (the same conclusions were obtained in Velasco-Álvarez & Ron-Angevin, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1434, "input_1": "For bladder cancer, clinical studies yielded conflicting results on the cancer prevention effects of statins in patients with bladder cancer [8–10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1435, "input_1": "…NMJ is regulated by factors intrinsic to the motor neuron, including proteins that regulate intracellular signaling, as well as retrograde signals that convey postsynaptic activity levels to modulate neuronal properties (Collins and DiAntonio, 2007; Harris and Littleton, 2015; Menon et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1436, "input_1": "This is in agreement with adult studies indicating elevated proportions of saturated fatty acids and reduced proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat in abdominal as opposed to buttock depots (Malcom et al, 1989; Phinney et al, 1994; Schafer & Overvad, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1437, "input_1": "These results are in line with previous reports which confirmed that phorbol esters can enhance the contractile response to EFS [20,52,53], however, these groups did not determine the sensitivity, and concentration-dependent relationship.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1438, "input_1": "This classical finding (Nachmias and Sansbury, 1974; Legge and Foley, 1980; Wilson, 1980) means that our ability to discriminate contrast is best around a non-zero contrast value, which is typically close to the detection threshold.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1439, "input_1": "These PKC (1) isoforms can be divided into the following three subgroups based on cofactor requirements: conventional PKCs (a, b, and g), which are dependent on Ca(21) and diacylglycerol (DAG) for activity; novel PKCs (d, e, h, and u), which are not dependent on Ca(21) but are activated by DAG; and atypical PKCs (z, l, and i), which are not dependent on Ca(21) and are not stimulated by DAG (7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1440, "input_1": "The most common concepts used are the flipped classroom approach (Mason, Shuman, & Cook, 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2014; Prober & Khan, 2013; Strayer, 2012; Tucker, 2012) and the inverted classroom (Gannod, Burge, & Helmick, 2008; Mason et al., 2013; Strayer,\n2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1441, "input_1": "…(Xu, 1997, 2001b); (b) an adaptive algorithm for Gaussian factor analysis and a criterion for determining the dimension of\nprincipal subspace (Xu, 1998b); (c) a learned parametric model for Independent Component Analysis (ICA) that works on sources mixed with super-Gaussian and subGaussian…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1442, "input_1": "Schuler et al. (1999, 2003) used two types of Brassica napus (oilseed rape/canola), a conventional variety and a transgenic variety that expressed Bt toxin Cry1Ac.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1443, "input_1": "Theoretical studies (17) suggested that slowly growing immunogenic tumors that are sensitive to the immune response would engage regulatory T cell and induce tolerance to themselves, while poorly immunogenic, fast growing tumors would progress in a regulatory T cell independent manner.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1444, "input_1": "Le taux des patientes perdues de vu varie dans la littérature entre 0 et 12% [7-10,14,17,20,30] et il est le plus souvent inférieur à 4% [8-10,14,20,30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1445, "input_1": "To that end, the Internet intervention that successfully increased physical activity in the present study and previous research [12] should be administered in a larger RCT that examines the possible secondary effects of increased physical activity on meaningful outcomes for persons with MS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1446, "input_1": "These results are in line with morphological abnormalities in a rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis [8, 47], in neonatal and adult rat models [7, 51] and in human autopsy cases [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1447, "input_1": "It was reported that ESCs may be short or long term cultivated on synthetic substrates in com mercial chemically defined media (Brafman et al., 2010; Mahlstedt et al., 2010; Higuchi et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2011; Nandivada et al., 2011; Valamehr et al., 2011; Ueda et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1448, "input_1": "Group living in African herpestids is particularly pronounced in relatively small-bodied species inhabiting open habitats for which predation risk is high (Waser 1981; Rood 1986; Clutton-Brock et al. 1999a; Schneider and Kappeler 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1449, "input_1": "A hold latch must be inserted at the output of each scan flip-flop in order to implement an enhanced scan flip-flop [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1450, "input_1": ", 2005); however, with longer periods (3 h) of IFN-γ exposure NF-κB binding to DNA was described (Park et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1451, "input_1": "To assay human p60/GST-procon80 heterodimers, taxolstabilized, tetra-methyl rhodamine-labeled microtubules were immobilized on coverslips by first perfusing flow cells with a mutant kinesin that binds strongly to microtubules but is unable to hydrolyze ATP (McNally and Thomas, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1452, "input_1": "reast and the kidney and only few of these 82 cases are reported o be prostate carcinoma [3,6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1453, "input_1": "In the study, the PHQ-9 summary score ranged from 0 to 27 (α=0.92) (Mao et al. 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1454, "input_1": "In present study, efficacy of CS alone in reduction of histological lesions was moderate which is in agreement with results already reported by Leeb et al. (2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1455, "input_1": "Some of the classes in COLD-Saarb are labeled only for the EXT path and some only for one of the portions A or B (more details in Table I of (Ullah et al 2008)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1456, "input_1": "2008), but researchers have since demonstrated that individual differences in baseline metabolic rate can persist over the lifetime of individuals (Nespolo and Franco 2007; Burton et al. 2011; White et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1457, "input_1": "2 × 8 mm) breath-hold 2D inversion recovery sequence in 14 ICM patients [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1458, "input_1": "congolense [7-11] suggested a complex evolution of PRAC genes in trypanosomes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1459, "input_1": "…one manifestation of the BRCA1–TONSL genetic interaction may well operate at sites of UV-induced damage, where both proteins are normally engaged in complex DNA damage responses (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010; Pathania et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1460, "input_1": "Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) revealed a higher apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in cortical tubers compared to normal-appearing brain, as well as higher ADC values in epileptogenic tubers in comparison to nonepileptogenic tubers [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1461, "input_1": "Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method of studying functional activation through monitoring changes in the haemodynamic properties of the brain (Huppert et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1462, "input_1": "Although a broad array of research is needed to identify such a threshold dose for reinforcement (e.g., Goodwin et al. 2015; Grebenstein et al. 2015; Hatsukami et al. 2012; Hatsukami et al. 2013a; Hecht 2012), this dose likely is not lower than the threshold dose for discriminating nicotine’s…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1463, "input_1": "This represents a decrease in the threshold in the UK for the introduction of biologics, which the BSR estimate will increase biologic use from 6 to 8–12 %, a potential doubling of current costs [10, 32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1464, "input_1": "Determination of FST analogues for temporally distinct samples has been used in other studies to detect population dynamics (Takami et al. 2004); although our data are limited, they do support the\nN .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1465, "input_1": "phylogenetic relationships among taxa from several plant families (Stedje 1998; Doust and Kellog 2002; Goldblatt et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1466, "input_1": "The maximal aerobic power is a key physiological marker of middle distance running performance and is also considered a good performance predictor in heterogeneous, but not in homogeneous groups (Noakes, 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1467, "input_1": "Furthermore, the findings herein are in agreement with previous studies reporting a high intra-observer reproducibility of diastolic filling and LV mass measurements [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1468, "input_1": "mentation models such as collision induced dissociation (CID) [133], electron transfer dissociation (ETD) [134], and electro capture dissociation (ECD) [128, 135], which provides", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1469, "input_1": "Overall, the findings are consistent with our previous work (Leonard and Baum, 1998; Leonard et al., 1997a, 1997b) in demonstrating that RHD individuals can use context under conditions of reduced processing demands.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1470, "input_1": "cresylglucuronide (pCG), p-cresylsulfate (pCS), indole-3acetic acid (IAA), and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) [9–19], all solutes of pathophysiological relevance.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1471, "input_1": "Therefore, we generated a yeast strain in which Scp160p expression is under control of a repressible Tet-off operator, which allows rapid depletion of the protein on addition of doxycyclin (11,25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1472, "input_1": "[21] Bathymetric maps were generated for each Alvin dive, by merging vehicle navigation and attitude data with traveltimes recorded by the sonar through a series of Matlabk programs [Ballard et al., 2000; Singh et al., 2000; Whitcomb et al., 2000; Ferrini et al., 2004, 2005a].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1473, "input_1": "Furthermore, we previously showed that the increase of eIF2a phosphorylation induced by Sal 003, a specific inhibitor of its phosphatase, can elevate BACE1 protein levels in 6-month-old 5XFAD mice, which have not yet showed BACE1 upregulation consistent with only marginal changes in eIF2a phosphorylation [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1474, "input_1": "There are two mechanisms by which rTMS can decrease cortical and corticospinal excitability (Chen et al., 1997; Maeda et al., 2000; Muellbacher et al., 2000; Fierro et al., 2001; Touge et al., 2001; Fitzgerald et al., 2002; Romero et al., 2002; Tsuji and Rothwell, 2002) while increasing rCBF (synaptic activity).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1475, "input_1": "Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that co-administration of L-DOPA with a neuroprotective agent that inhibits excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation reduces LID in animal models of PD (Spinnewyn et al., 2011; Aron Badin et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1476, "input_1": "Several assessed the appropriate monitoring frames to reliably estimate habitual physical behaviour intensities independently [5, 6, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1477, "input_1": "An understanding of the roles of food availability, vegetation cover, grazing intensity and burning on bird nesting success across management types (Little et al. 2013) bring us closer to understanding the overall effect of farming practices on birds in the system as compared to the conservation…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1478, "input_1": "Instead they were identified directly from the Encyclopaedia Of DNA Elements Project [65], in which the α-globin cluster is one of the targeted regions [12,66].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1479, "input_1": "Recently two novel actin-binding proteins found in mammalian neurons, neurabin I and II, have been shown to bind PP1c (1, 32, 33, 37).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1480, "input_1": "Due to its manageable behavior, Kademlia [17] and its variant Kad use iterative routing in their design.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1481, "input_1": "Recently, we identified Wnt5a as a novel factor, expressed by feeder cells and Sertoli cells, that supports SSC renewal [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1482, "input_1": "To our surprise, but as noted in previous research [1], participants rarely if ever engaged in an activity on one device that they were interested in continuing on another, and expressed very little interest in the type of “hand-off” capability we suggested.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1483, "input_1": "STAT activation is initially widespread, but must be dampened to produce an optimal number of invasive cells by stage 9 (Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011; Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1484, "input_1": "Attachment of phage F6 to the type IV pili of Pph is mediated by the viral attachment protein P3 [10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1485, "input_1": "In the study by Suwazono et al. (2006), the results were adjusted for age, BMI, smoking and exercise, but not for family history.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1486, "input_1": "Previously, it was reported that cofilin defects cause the failure of neural tube closure, and the loss of both cofilin and destrin results in the arrest of epithelial branching with F-actin accumulation in kidney organogenesis [43, 44].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1487, "input_1": "For example, Kanamycin sulfate treatment, causing complete loss of OHCs, with preservation of IHCs, results in threshold shifts of 40 dB and more in chinchillas (Woolf et al., 1981).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1488, "input_1": "Intratumoral therapy of mice with glioma flank tumors The treatment regimen presented here was modeled after the methods developed by Oldfield and coworkers for Tf-CRM107 (28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1489, "input_1": "For example, our findings support the theoretically derived memory-based movement models of Van Moorter et al. (2009), Boyer & Walsh (2010), Spencer (2012) and Nabe-Nielsen et al. (2013), which all predict increased foraging efficiency compared to a forager without memory, and in most cases, an…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1490, "input_1": "The basic T-tag suturing method, which had been first described in 2002 [20], was further developed during an Inventorama devoted solely to suturing; improvements to the articulating grasper resulted from the NOTES Toolbox event.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1491, "input_1": "Furthermore, hypercellular spindle cell areas resembling fibrosarcoma have been described in both SEF and LGFMS (Evans, 1987,\n1993; Meis-Kindblom et al., 1995; Antonescu et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1492, "input_1": "When simulating alternative initiation at a TISs other than the canonical one, the scanning model of translation initiation was assumed (Kozak 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1493, "input_1": "We assessed the following aspects of study quality:\n (1) Study design (RCT, quasi-RCT, quasi-experimental\n study)\n (2) Method of allocating participants to trial arms (3) Concealment of allocation sequence from trial staff\n and from personnel who recruit participants into the trial (for RCTs)\n (4) Blinding of participants, program staff, and outcome\n assessors (we did not expect most studies in this field\n to blind participants and/or facilitators, as preliminary research suggests that these interventions often involve time and personal contact)\n (5) Baseline differences between trial arms, methods of\n controlling for differences in analyses\n (6) Attrition: percentage dropout at each follow-up,\n differential attrition between trial arms, and differences between dropouts and participants who are retained\n (7) Method of outcome assessment (e.g., ACASI, bio-\n markers, self-report)\n (8) Analytic procedures: Intention to treat, complete case,\n per-protocol, or treatment-on-the-treated\n We did not make any exclusions due to study quality, but instead report these aspects of methodological quality in the review.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1494, "input_1": "The results support the conclusion that an increased mortality from lung cancer was observed among workers initially employed before 1955 in two soluble/mixed beryllium facilities (Lorain and Reading), but not among beryllium workers at any plant in 1955 or later, or those who worked at facilities that only processed insoluble forms of beryllium materials during any period [15, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1495, "input_1": "The Division I players from the current study were older than the Division II players, however, all were within the typical range of collegiate soccer players documented in the literature [3,5,28,29,40,49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1496, "input_1": "A potential NarLbinding site in the arcD promoter (pDH11) was mutated using the crossover PCR technique (Ho et al., 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1497, "input_1": "Based on the analysis of [9], we know that the number of old contents is the difference of two Poisson distribution and follows the Skellam distribution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1498, "input_1": "(A) Palmitoylation of mSpi would result in membrane association at both termini, whereas mSpiCS cannot be palmitoylated and remains free at its Nterminus. mSpiAG and mSpiCSAG contain mutations that prevent cleavage by Rho (purple asterisks) (Strisovsky et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1499, "input_1": "Several studies have shown that hypertension is a good predictor of RAS in patients with CAD or undergoing coronary angiography.(19,20) However, in some studies, hypertension failed to predict the presence of RAS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1500, "input_1": "However, the major concern is regarding the safety of cultures that are consumed live in large quantities (Senok et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1501, "input_1": "Each of the individual components of the de novo Fe-S biosynthesis complex (Isu/Iscu, IscS and Isd11) has been proposed to be the molecular adaptor for frataxin interaction [6,11,12,14,15,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1502, "input_1": "The regulation and localization of actin nucleation factors are likely critical for specifying the function of actin structures in cells (Skau and Waterman 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1503, "input_1": "In accordance with our results, several studies demonstrated increased serum levels of sTNF-αR1 in the patients with chronic liver disease (Jorge et al. 2004), liver cirrhosis (von Baehr et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1504, "input_1": "Both peptides are required for the normal display of behavioral rhythms in constant conditions—producing short period rhythms or arrhythmicity—and both affect the rhythmicity of cellular pacemaking (VIP: Harmar et al., 2002; Aton et al., 2005; PDF: Peng et al., 2003; Klarsfeld et al., 2004; Lin et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1505, "input_1": "A major limitation of many studies involving training in HIV-positive populations is small sample sizes (MacArthur et al., 1993; Rigsby et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1506, "input_1": "Second, overall, results of the studies on the metabolic effects of Ramadan fasting in healthy pregnant women [21-35] (Tables 2) give enough evidence that accelerated starvation, especially in late pregnancy [24], exists during fasting day hours with evident low blood glucose, elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate [21,24,25,29,33], ketosis, and ketonemia [26,29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1507, "input_1": "Vaccine-controlled field trials in combination with acaricide treatments demonstrated that an integrated approach resulted in control of tick infestations while reducing the use of acaricides (de la Fuente et al. 1998, 2007a; de la Fuente and Kocan 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1508, "input_1": "In addition, there is significant evidence for hydrophobic clustering in the unfolded states of some folded proteins, including the drkN SH3 domain (35–37), reduced unfolded lysozyme (38), and acid-denatured apomyoglobin (24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1509, "input_1": "Go trials occurred with probability p .75 to encourage hand preparation as in previous studies using the hybrid-choice RT go/no-go paradigm (e.g., Abdel Rahman et al., 2002; Miller & Hackley, 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1510, "input_1": "First, Table 7 compares of our optimized Chebyshev quadratic and cubic interpolators with an optimized bipartite table method (SBTM) [13], an optimized symmetric table additional method (STAM) [20], a Chebyshev method without any optimization and standard multipliers [18], multipartite table methods [14], a Chebyshev method with constant-correction truncated multipliers [26], an enhanced quadratic minimax method [25] and two linear approximation algorithms (DM97 [12] and Tak98 [24]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1511, "input_1": "…found in an apicolateral\n898\nD E V E LO\nP M\nE N T\nregion on cellularizing furrows, which is the region of the furrow to which membrane addition is known to occur (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000; Sisson et al., 2000; Pelissier et al., 2003), and furrow formation fails when Rab8 function is disrupted.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1512, "input_1": "…to the optic nerve in the neonatal rat induces the appearance of chromatin condensation (pyknosis) in ganglion cells (Miller and Oberdorfer, 1981; Beazley et al., 1987; Rabacchi et al., 1994a) as well as nuclear DNA fragmentation, as assessed by applying a method of in situ detection of DNA…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1513, "input_1": "Symptoms typically manifest when patients are in their 50s or 60s, and women are disproportionately more frequently affected compared to men [1,3-5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1514, "input_1": "…of support and accountability and decrease dependency on insecure resources (financial, human, technical, informational), in order for local stakeholders to negotiate their respective roles in the pursuit of health and development, beyond a project intervention’ (Sarriot et al., 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1515, "input_1": "In order to fulfill this point the most popular technic is the replication in different providers [2], however this process generates a waste of storage resources when the system makes unnecessary replicas.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1516, "input_1": "A series of nonfluorescing exo mutants that fail to produce succinoglycan were isolated; most of the exo genes are located in a cluster, which has been sequenced (10, 11, 12, 67, 68, 94, 103, 113).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1517, "input_1": "Such kinds of response have been observed in female exposed chronically to glucocorticoid.(16) Moreover, testicular steroidogenic activities in the fetus start at earlier part of the last week of gestation in rats.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1518, "input_1": "Habitat selection was then expressed with a simple estimator corresponding to the ratio of observed:expected use for a given habitat type (selection ratios according to Manly et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1519, "input_1": ", 2010), Symfeat (SYM for short) dataset (Hauagge and Snavely, 2012) and VGG dataset (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1520, "input_1": "The 13.4Ptf1a5 -lacZ construct contains chr2:19353922-19367481, and the 15.6Ptf1a5 -lacZ construct contains chr2:19351717-19367481 placed 5 to a lacZ reporter gene (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1521, "input_1": "They did not have access to a computer or the internet, or sufficient skill to use them; this has been found elsewhere [2, 4, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1522, "input_1": "More recent investigations have shown that dyslexics have difficulty discriminating and processing both simple and complex rapid sound sequences (Hari and Kiesilä, 1996; Kujala et al., 2000; Renvall and Hari, 2002; Schulte- Körne, Deimel, Bartling, Remschmidt, 1998; Tallal, Miller, Jenkins, &…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1523, "input_1": "Hence, the ILD ABL response area analysis window included the physiologic ILD range ( 40 dB) characterized previously (Koka et al., 2008) and an ABL range from threshold to 40 dB above ABL threshold.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1524, "input_1": "This is a similar idea to the concept of a course or career fitting an individual’s values and expectations (Richardson & Watt, 2005) and may be a useful framework for considering decisions to pursue teacher education despite negative comments and experiences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1525, "input_1": "However, giant panda habitat analyses have been performed mainly inside nature reserves (Linderman et al., 2005; Liu et al., 1999, 2001, 2005; Viña et al., 2007, 2008) or within single mountain regions (Feng et al., 2009; Loucks et al., 2003; Shen et al., 2008; Xu et al., 2006) and often using…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1526, "input_1": "Poincaré plots were constructed from the R–R interval data for each participant (Carrasco et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1527, "input_1": "0% depending on the detection wavelengths (25), experimental setup, and illumination source.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1528, "input_1": "…the Care Pathway Having this information as input (in the form of HPDL domain and problem files), the IACTIVE planner can find a solution for the problem of obtaining a plan tailored to a patient profile (step 3 of Figure 5.6), while respecting the available resources [Fdez-Olivares et al., 2011a].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1529, "input_1": "Homeoproteins contain a highly conserved, 60 amino acid peptide domain known as the homeodomain (McGinnis et al., 1984a,b; Laughon and Scott, 1984), a peptide motif conferring sequence-specific DNA binding ability to the homeoproteins (Laughon and Scott, 1984; Desplan et al., 1985; Beachy et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1530, "input_1": "The results of Deubel et al. (1996, 1998), Demeyer et al. (2010) and Tas et al. (2012) show clearly that inserting a post-saccadic blank improves people’s ability to judge which way the saccade target moved, whereas our results demonstrate that inserting a postsaccadic blank leads people to believe…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1531, "input_1": "gov/pubmed/) and both the total number of publications and the growth rate of the number of publications are increasing exponentially [18, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1532, "input_1": "radiata are usually diurnal [30], [37] herbivores, whose broad diets occasionally include non-vegetative matter, such as carrion [38], [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1533, "input_1": "[5, 8, 38–40] We identified a higher prevalence of multimorbidity among the most affluent groups, which contrasts with some earlier studies from LMICs.[5, 36] This could be due to self-reporting of NCD status in our data, as respondents from higher socioeconomic background have better access to health services resulting in better diagnoses of their NCDs[37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1534, "input_1": "The principal features of this transition are a loss of intensity of the positive HOOP mode at 965 cm21 (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a; Gerscher et al., 1997; Pande et al., 1989), an intensity increase for the positive band at 1556 cm21, with contributions from amide II and retinal CAC stretch modes…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1535, "input_1": "These results support findings in the literature that describe deficits in explicit processing of dynamic emotional expression in individuals with ASD (Back et al., 2007; Lindner & Rosén, 2006), but preserved lipreading skills (De Gelder et al., 1991; Gepner et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1536, "input_1": "tomato (Pst) has been recently characterized as a MAMP, which may be specifically recognized by Solanaceae species (Cai et al., 2011; Clarke et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1537, "input_1": "In the cautery study, sites used their usual cautery occlusion technique, two with and two without FI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1538, "input_1": "into a C-terminal fragment, which is capable of immune signaling (10, 11), and an N-terminal cleavage fragment, the functional role of which is still unclear.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1539, "input_1": "Wang et al. (2013b) utilized the subspace model to represent the target and imposed sparsity on the residual errors to deal with occlusions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1540, "input_1": "When they finished playing the game, the participants were asked to complete a post-knowledge acquisition questionnaire, a 15-question AGT survey (Elliot & McGregor, 2001) and an 11-question player type survey (Foster, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1541, "input_1": "…and MTR A2756G polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer, but the results of our study are consistent with those of previous studies (Cho et al., 2007; Larsson et al., 2007; Gao et al., 2009; Webb et al., 2011; de Cássia Carvalho Barbosa et al., 2012a, b; Lajin et al., 2012; Diakite et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1542, "input_1": "Prophages from the indicated strains in Table S1 were either spontaneously released into culture (Htp1) or induced by growth in BHI cultures supplemented with 150 mg ml(21) of fosfomycin [46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1543, "input_1": "ported lower levels in cases (15, 16, 19, 22); four reported higher levels in cases than in controls (18, 20, 23, 27); and one reported equal levels in cases and controls (17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1544, "input_1": "With regard to the application of RVP-Net [21,22], a previous investigation of protein methylation [25] demonstrated that the RVPNet-computed ASA value is consistent with the observed values in PDB tertiary structures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1545, "input_1": "[57] conception of layered modular architectures, we theorize digital platforms as encapsulating five distinct and interlinked platform layers: (1) device; (2) system; (3) network; (4) service, and; (5) content.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1546, "input_1": "029 interaction resulting in dedifferentiation of the Schwann cells and activation of a growth promoting phenotype (Hall, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1547, "input_1": "Given the accession number of a gene, we retrieved its gene sequence from the above Web sites and mapped its location on the genome using BLAT (Kent 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1548, "input_1": "Safran et al. (2005) showed that 10Be-based denudation rates in this region correlate well with channel steepness patterns and suggested a tectonic control.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1549, "input_1": "All MLP analyses [also known as back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs)] were carried out with a user-friendly neural network simulation program, NeuFrame version 3.0.0.0 (Neural Computer Sciences, Lulworth Business Centre, Totton, Southampton, UK), which runs under Microsoft Windows NT on an IBMcompatible personal computer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1550, "input_1": "The DNA obtained from 14 different isolates was evaluated by amplifying markers commonly used in phylogenetic and population studies: the ITS region (Cooke et al. 2000) and two polymorphic microsatellites, PS36 (Dorrance and Grünwald 2009) and P74-75 (Schena et al. 2008), respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1551, "input_1": "Demographics Questionnaire A demographics questionnaire was administered at ages 2 and 3, which included questions about parental education and income (Dishion et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1552, "input_1": "Impact + resistance intervention The impact + resistance intervention (POWIR) was similar to that used in older, postmenopausal BCS [15] and was based on our prior interventions in women without cancer [17, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1553, "input_1": "Thus, cephamycin biosynthesis may be limited by the flux of L-lysine, which regulates expression of the lat gene (Fang et al. 1996; Rius et al. 1996; Romero et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1554, "input_1": "The endoglucanase, cellobiohy drolase, xylanase, and mannanase activities were determined using CMC, MCC, glucuronoxylan, and galactomannan (Sigma) as the substrates, respectively, by the initial speed of formation of reducing sugars (RS) by the Somogyi Nelson method [20–22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1555, "input_1": "The finding that several inflammation-related genes are upregulated in GAS-KO mice is in agreement with the results of another recently published microarray analysis of GAS-KO mice (10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1556, "input_1": "reach satisfactory performance, similar to Haight et al. (2011) and Seçer (2014). As Lyon (2010) mentioned, the hypothetical approach of these items might be confusing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1557, "input_1": "This finding contrasts with telomere attrition that is observed in human cells with undetectable telomerase activity (our data) and in mouse cells (Gu et al., 2012) that display significantly lower telomerase activity compared to cancer cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1558, "input_1": "The presence in Europe of two haplotypes (A and B) of the intron of the plastid gene for Leu tRNA (trnL) having different lengths (Spagnuolo et al. 2007) is interesting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1559, "input_1": "SVM and MaxEnt have proved successful in information structure analysis (e.g. (Merity et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2011)) but, to the best of our knowledge, their semi-supervised versions have not been used for AZ of full articles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1560, "input_1": "While the maximum likelihood solution is ill-posed in infinite dimensions, Sriperumbudur et al. (2017) have demonstrated that it is possible to fit the KEF via score matching (Hyvärinen, 2005), which entails solving a linear system of size n × d, where n is the number of samples and d is the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1561, "input_1": "Although the existence of serum and retinal nonresponders may be explained by interindividual variations in the uptake of lutein into serum [16], this argument cannot explain the existence of retinal nonresponders.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1562, "input_1": "CBT values were lower in subjects with cirrhosis of varying etiology than in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B or C [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1563, "input_1": "pelagicus only covers the Arctic Ocean and the sub-polar Northern Hemisphere (McIntyre and Bé, 1967; McIntyre et al., 1970), with a particular prevalence in the sub-polar North Atlantic (Milliman, 1980; Tarran et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1564, "input_1": "It is likely that during lactation\na variety of physiological responses to stress are suppressed, including responsiveness of the adrenocortical axis; hyporesponsiveness during lactation has been described for rats Rattus norvegicus (e.g. Windle et al. 1997) and humans (Altemus et al. 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1565, "input_1": "We made sure that such a simplification was valid in the case of the MBQ dye and the other dyes displaying reversible ESIPT kinetics [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1566, "input_1": "High differentiation of populations in M. decussata is similar to those of some long-lived, wind-pollinated species with fragmented distributions (Huang et al. 2002; Petit et al. 2005;\nJaramillo-Correa et al. 2006; Provan et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1567, "input_1": "5% of the patients at a mean of 19 years follow-up, although the rate of good results was 90% the first year after surgery.((1)) During a follow-up study after 27.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1568, "input_1": "Serine hydroxymethyl-transferase (SHMT) has been shown to catalyze the inversion of glycine and serine [33], but in the present experiment, SHMT, was a highly light induced protein closely concerned with the photorespiratory pathway [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1569, "input_1": "The current findings however do not support that of past studies (e.g., Anderson et al., 1998; Craik et al., 1996; Park et al., 1989) which show that memory performance is affected more when attention is divided at encoding than when attention is divided at retrieval.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1570, "input_1": "2005) without reservation and none of the features invoked by Jaeger et al. (1999) have been reassessed or challenged in detail, with the exception of the character analysis by Gunnell and Miller (2001). This defining list of traits overlaps considerably the battery of features long used to support the adapid-anthropoid hypothesis and now regarded as likely convergences (e.g., Rosenberger et al. 1985). Kay et al. (2004) also added to the basic argument of Jaeger et al. (1999) by suggesting that the orbit of Bahinia, as inferred from the radius of curvature of its inferior margin, was relatively small as in typical anthropoids.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1571, "input_1": "Methods for extraction, amplification and sequencing of the nuclear 5.8S rRNA gene and the two flanking, ITS regions were as previously published (Ganley et al., 2004; Shipunov et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1572, "input_1": "These results indicate that estradiol is important for optimal skeletal muscle contractility, agreeing with some (8, 33, 34) but not all previous studies (5, 18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1573, "input_1": ", 1994], and the plasma sheet [DeCoster and Frank, 1979; Takahashi and Hones, 1988], we have extended the global MHD model BATS-R-US [Powell et al., 1999] to solve for anisotropic ion pressure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1574, "input_1": "These cells, however, were subsequently identified as pigmented epithelial cells, which could form clonogenic spheres but failed to differentiate into retinal neurons (Cicero et al., 2009; Gualdoni et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1575, "input_1": "These muscle fiber changes with aging concomitantly result in an altered skeletal muscle contractile property [3–5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1576, "input_1": "…is a three-step mechanism containing three separate steps: (i) binding the enzyme E to the substrate S, (ii) the reversible catalytic conversion between the enzyme-substrate ES and the enzyme-product EP complexes, and (iii) binding of the enzyme E to product P (Heinrich and Schuster, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1577, "input_1": "While simple, this model captures the basic observation that crustal deformation during the seismic cycle consists of coseismic elastic deformation followed by postseismic viscoelastic adjustment of the lower crust [e.g., Savage and Prescott, 1978; Segall, 2002] and has been successfully employed to provide first-order estimates of fault zone and lower-crustal properties in other regions [e.g., Segall, 2002].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1578, "input_1": "Unlabeled DNA substrates containing consensus 12-RSS, 23-RSS, Hox11 or non-specific DNA sequences (DAR81/82) were prepared from oligonucleotides described previously [11,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1579, "input_1": "Participants\nThe participants in the current study were recruited from the Qingdao Twin Registry (QTR), China (Duan et al.\n2013; Pang et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1580, "input_1": "The lower level of enrichment of Mrc1 may be partly due to instability of Mrc1 protein (41).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1581, "input_1": "), it is a direct measure of sympathetic activity that is relatively free of any influence of somatic symptoms (respiratory cycles or muscle tone) [Geer, 1966; Corah and Pantera, 1968; West et al., 1983; Jiménez, 1995; Lundgren et al., 2001].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1582, "input_1": "1991) and empirical studies (e.g. Kruuk 1978; Kruuk and Parish 1982; Mills 1989; Mills and Gorman 1997; Geffen et al. 1992; Patterson and Messier 2001; Valenzuela and Macdonald 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1583, "input_1": "Following the experimental design proposed in Yannakakis and Hallam (2007c) and Yannakakis et al. (2008) for effectively capturing the level of entertainment, the test-bed game under investigation is played in variants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1584, "input_1": "The results of the two regression equations, which examined subjective ratings as predictors of retention (question 5), were somewhat inconsistent with research presented in the introduction (Hill and Scharff 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1585, "input_1": "Furthermore, a recent study found that BDL rats took more time to locate the hidden platform than the control rats [56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1586, "input_1": "How do the response properties of neurons in the PGN compare with those of the LGN and cortex? In cat, most cortical cells that receive input from relay cells inherit key properties of the receptive field such as segregated On and Off subregions (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Martinez et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1587, "input_1": "Some investigators have noted an association of Pg antibodies with anti-CCP antibody levels, but not with RF values [14,15], whereas others found a correlation of Pg immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies with RF levels, but not with CCP antibody values [5,16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1588, "input_1": "The causes of subdural hematomas are variable and consist of falls, particularly in the elderly, assault, other forms of trauma, and child abuse [4-6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1589, "input_1": "This finding extends previous work that has shown that certain aspects of gait may depend on cognitive function and attention (Springer et al. 2006; Woollacott and Shumway-Cook 2002; Yogev et al. 2005; Bloem et al. 2001; Morris et al. 1996; Auriel et al. 2006; Van Wegen et al. 2006; Verghese et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1590, "input_1": "Therefore applying the agent link is not recommended in OISR modelling, as it represents a thing that is out of the modelled domain (see [16]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1591, "input_1": "Muller and Schupp [80] proved that a finitely generated graph has finitary end-structure if and only if Γ is isomorphic to the complete transition graph Γ(M) of some pushdown automaton M .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1592, "input_1": "For a fair comparison, we try to reproduce experiment of state-of-theart method[36] on the same baseline network.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1593, "input_1": "Previous V1 studies have shown that global visual contours within a cluttered background induce two complementary modulatory effects (Chen et al., 2014; Gilad et al., 2013; Yan et al., 2014): enhancing responses of neurons with RFs lying on the contour (referred to as the contour facilitation) and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1594, "input_1": "Herbivore- or elicitor-induced volatile release varies with time and treatment, applied amount of elicitor (Halitschke et al. 2000), and the herbivore damage level (Gouinguene et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1595, "input_1": "Stimuli\nThe stimuli were 24 VOT continua synthesized with the Sensyn implementation of the cascade branch of the Klatt synthesizer (Klatt & Klatt, 1990) at 12-bit resolution and 10 kHz sampling rate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1596, "input_1": "However, the mechanisms of this effect are controversial (1, 2, 46, 53, 57).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1597, "input_1": ", PP-DGgranule cell layer synapses), if the tetanus is delivered to a positive peak of y in urethane-anesthetized rats (27, 28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1598, "input_1": "Furthermore, GFP-ATG16L1△(1–320) precipitated mCherryTMEM74 and endogenous TMEM74 (Figure 2e), conversely, GFP-ATG16(1-320) failed to bindmCherry-TMEM74 (Figure 2f), suggesting that the WD repeats domain of ATG16L1 was required for the interaction with TMEM74.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1599, "input_1": "…the three different components of episodic memory: registration (by ensuring that all items have been truly registered), storage (by providing the semantic cues for facilitating the access to stored information), and retrieval (by the spontaneous recall of items after delay) (Sarazin et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1600, "input_1": "The one-tap NLMS algorithm can be employed for an effective phase estimation and carrier recovery [34-36], and the tap weight WNLMS in the one-tap NLMS CPR algorithm can be expressed as:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1601, "input_1": "Kinocilial links are, like tip links, BAPTA-sensitive/ subtilisin-resistant structures (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1602, "input_1": "…lesions shortly following birth demonstrates a difficulty for early-cortical lesioned male, but not female, rodents to discriminate rapidly presented tones ( 350 ms), while both sexes could reliably discriminate tones presented at longer interstimulus intervals (ISIs) (Herman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1603, "input_1": "As Jaeger et al. (1999) noted, several of the dental and mandibular characteristics cited as anthropoid synapomorphies or phenetic resemblances to anthropoids in their original description of the species are found among adapids as well (see Rosenberger et al. 1985; Gebo 2002), in combination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1604, "input_1": "EMG currents were recorded using modified models of a previously described monopolar current amplifier [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1605, "input_1": "In our model, we did this by varying the linear response (gsac) of this current in a series of simulations from 0 to 250 (S/Fs), which corresponds up to two times the published values for these types of currents (15, 45), to account for other possible similar current sources and establish potential trends.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1606, "input_1": "Although these occipital components are modulated by spatially-focused attention (Hillyard and Anllo-Vento, 1998), it was not predicted that these components would be sensitive to emotive modulations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1607, "input_1": "All the included patients, except for those who died, were followed up for ≥3 years [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1608, "input_1": "In addition, decay in spike rate during the phase 1 burst, when triggered by afferent potentials, is more rapid than that generated by intracellular current injection (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1609, "input_1": "(3)\nIt worth noting that the optimal conductance parameter can be estimated by iterative methods (Tsiotsios and Petrou, 2013), however, we have a fixed κ based on the previous optimization in MRI and DTI studies (Moraschi et al., 2010; Senra et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1610, "input_1": "membrane, a result that fully agrees with the observations by Zhang and Barritt in LNCaP cells [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1611, "input_1": "We use McPAT [Li et al. 2009] and CACTI [Muralimanohar et al. 2007] to measure energy benefits while considering all the overheads associated with RFVP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1612, "input_1": "This prediction has been supported in comparative studies on primates (Short 1979; Harcourt et al. 1981; Harvey and Harcourt 1984; Kappeler 1997a) and many other taxa (review, e.g., in Møller and Briskie 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1613, "input_1": "Four items measured anthropomorphism, defined as attributing humanlike mental capacities of agency and experience to it (Epley et al., 2007; Gray et al., 2007; Waytz et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1614, "input_1": "Additionally, the studies in general point out that the type of transportation seems to be more related to social and environmental factors than to the students’ freedom of choice, as observed in the studies carried out by Davison et al. (2008); Dollman & Lewis (2007); Robertson-Wilson et al. (2008); and Timperio et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1615, "input_1": "One programming model that favors tractability is Chapel[8], which provides a small set of primitive domain maps such as blocked, cyclic, or replicated distributions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1616, "input_1": "Desaturation/elongation of EFAs occur mainly in liver microsomes, but active EFA metabolism has been also found in other tissues, such as kidney [3] and testis [4], and we demonstrated that even heart microsomes have the ability to desaturate LA and to synthesize arachidonic acid (AA) to satisfy partially tissue needs for eicosanoid production [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1617, "input_1": "Indole-3-carbinol is used as standard reference compound as its chemopreventive potential by modulating the activities of phase I and phase II enzymes has been well established in the literature [20–24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1618, "input_1": "Furthermore, risk-factor awareness among patients with lower-limb ischemia is suboptimal, and one benefit of a NLC is the opportunity to educate patients.(24,25) Indeed, our results show significant benefits of a protocol-based NLC for claudicants with a 25% relative risk reduction of predicted 10-year coronary events over a 3-month period.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1619, "input_1": "…out in PBS containing 50 mg DEAE-dextran ml21 and 2 % FCS. Inoculations with a low dose (m.o.i. ¡ 0.05) of MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV (strain HKU-39849; Zeng et al., 2003) were carried out directly in EMEM containing 2 % FCS. Virus titrations by plaque assay were performed as described previously…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1620, "input_1": "Then, to transfer knowledge, one can either share the S(k) = {U ,V } (Pan et al., 2010) or S(k) = B (Gao et al., 2013b;a; Li et al., 2009; Long et al., 2012) across all domains.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1621, "input_1": "Thus, the authors focus on the tf ⋅ idf value (term frequency times inverse document frequency) [20, 21] used as a feature selection value when representing documents as multidimensional vectors, then use this as a word weight and apply it to Profit Sharing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1622, "input_1": "…primate conservation and further support the proposal to restore the Mngeta conservation corridor between US and Iyondo forest, a lowland to montane forest that is contiguous with MT (Rovero et al. 2012; St. John 2008) and is currently under gazettement as forest reserve (N. Burgess, pers. comm.).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1623, "input_1": "Here, magnesium is reabsorbed passively via the paracellular route together with calcium through specialized tight junctions driven by a favorable transepithelial potential [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1624, "input_1": "Similar results were previously reported in the ischemic striatum and fronto-parietal cortex, the core and the penumbra of the ischemia induced by MCAo, of rats with a similar survival and neurological impairment (Vannucchi et al., 2005, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1625, "input_1": "Several studies support our results showing that IFN-c plays an important role in recovery from influenza viral infection by helping to clear the virus [27,28,29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1626, "input_1": "In his article [9], Oporowski established the existence of an infinite graph which is not isomorphic to a proper minor of itself.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1627, "input_1": "This study used the three-form (25% missing) and SQSD (50% missing) designs, although others are available (Graham et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1628, "input_1": "In order to determine the severity of ASAD, Adulthood Separation Anxiety Checklist (ASA) (Diriöz et al., 2012; Manicavasagar et al., 2003) and Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI) (Diriöz et al., 2012; Silove et al., 1993) were used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1629, "input_1": "To train our CNN for classification, we set initial learning rate to 0.01 and optimize cross-entropy loss with Adagrad [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1630, "input_1": "Since, muscle fatigue has an effect on the ability of the spine to maintain stability, it would be of significant interest to determine whether a fatigued trunk system responds differently to the pre- and added loads that were described by Krajcarski et al (1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1631, "input_1": "assessment, underestimation is considered according to the study designs; conversely for outcome and confounding assessment, overestimation is considered (Porta et al. 2009; WHO 2007; Franchini et al. 2004; Giusti 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1632, "input_1": "…results in the light of the current debate concerning the probable agents responsible for the high level of biodiversity and its geographical distribution across the different biogeographical regions in this continent (Hoorn et al. 2010; Antonelli & Sanmartin 2011; Rull 2011; S ersic et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1633, "input_1": "Adequately understanding and managing product data is seen to have clear business benefits (Otto, 2012a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1634, "input_1": "al also indicated that women who were 18 years or older at marriage were more likely to discuss family size with their husbands and were also more likely to find out about a method of contraceptive than their younger counterparts (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1635, "input_1": "This section also reports on performances of friendship estimation (Kanda et al., 2004 c) among children through these two experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1636, "input_1": "Laboratory parameters considered in this study were those already found significantly different between early PMF and WHO-ET: Hb (g/dL), WBC (3109/L), PLT (3109/L), and LDH (mU/mL).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1637, "input_1": "Third, PLCb1 is accumulated at the perisynaptic site of excitatory synapses, and thereby exhibits extensive overlap with mGluR1, mGluR5 and M1 receptors (Fukaya et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1638, "input_1": "…transcription depends on the level of activin receptor signaling in pituitary gonadotrophs, which in turn is modulated by the balance of locally produced activin and circulating levels of inhibin, an activin antagonist secreted from the gonads (Gregory and Kaiser, 2004; Bilezikjian et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1639, "input_1": "Two studies assessed testicular volume as a predictor of successful sperm retrieval (Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1640, "input_1": "4 is important for optimization of pharmacokinetic behavior (Deng et al., 2010; Datta-Mannan et al., 2012; Deng et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1641, "input_1": "Sequencing reactions with Big Dye Taq premix were performed using forward primers of Cladosporium and Fusarium on an ABI 3130xl automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems) as described previously in Shipunov et al. (2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1642, "input_1": "The first three exons of nhr-64 encode a predicted DNA binding domain (DBD) and the remaining 5 exons encode a predicted ligand binding domain (LBD) [26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1643, "input_1": "Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy may be of great help for an in vivo morphological demonstration of fibro-fatty myocardial replacement [10], but recent studies have shown a high degree of interobserver variability in assessing fatty deposition, which may be observed even in normal hearts [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1644, "input_1": "In contrast, in other studies, DFI media has been reported to have lower specificity due to occurrence of non-Cronobacter strains with α-glycosidase activity (Cawthorn et al. 2008; Iversen et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1645, "input_1": "Primary cardiomyocyte cultures from 1-day-old Wistar rats were prepared according to the procedure described previously (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1646, "input_1": "Most studies [24,25,27,28,29,30,33,34] were of a small sample size (less than 100).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1647, "input_1": ", mitochondria and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER)] (11, 12, 39) and thus induce cell death.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1648, "input_1": "Lots of studies revealed that the variants of UMOD were associated with different risk of CKD, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, T allele of rs12917707 was associated with lower risk of CKD and ESRD [9, 10, 18, 19, 23, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1649, "input_1": "Following [2], [3], we measure the specificness of the constituent entities of a semantic association x using the technique reviewed in Section 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1650, "input_1": "With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the negative regulation of the synthesis of flavonoids in grapevine, a search was conducted in the NCBI/GenBank Database using the sequence of Fragaria × ananasa FaMYB1, a repressor of the flavonoid biosynthesis (Aharoni et al. 2001; Paolocci et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1651, "input_1": "Reduced CREB activity has been shown to reduce excitability of nucleus accumbens neurons (Dong et al., 2006), whereas loss of c-Fos leads to increased neuronal excitability (Zhang et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1652, "input_1": "Samples previously analyzed by de Stephanis et al. (2008b) were analyzed at the isotopic mass relationship spectrometry laboratory of the Autonomous University of Madrid (LIM-UAM, Spain) using a Micromass Cf-Isochrom of magnetic sector that analyzes the isotopic relationship through the continuous…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1653, "input_1": "In multiple publications [9, 23, 11], our preferred definition of provenance stated that it is an “explicit representation of the processes that led to that data item”.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1654, "input_1": "IP, receptors are not detected in the adjacent olfactory bulb, contrasting with the high density of PKC in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb reported previously (Worley et al., 1986a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1655, "input_1": "Our results are supported by the findings of another group of investigators who utilised FISH [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1656, "input_1": "In (Rüdiger et al., 2007b) a reduction of the dependability tree was proposed for the application of autonomous mobile systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1657, "input_1": "This is conWrmed by the superior results of functional conservative or postsurgical treatment procedures in comparison to non-weight bearing plaster cast immobilisation [14, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1658, "input_1": "Jaeger et al. (1999) described Bahinia pondaungensis from three associated specimens—a moderately large left and right maxilla and a lower jaw—recovered from the middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1659, "input_1": "The function generating the judgment criterion y included two multiplicative combinations of the cues x1,..., x4:\ny = 4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 + 2x1x2x3 + x2x3x4\n8.5 (1)\nWe used the same items in the judgment task as in previous studies (Hoffmann et al., 2014, 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1660, "input_1": "Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks have been reported to be associated with the transmission of SFTSV (Sun et al. 2014; Jiang et al. 2012; Yu et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1661, "input_1": "2008), if managed correctly it is likely the most biodiversity-friendly form of land use (Muchai 2002; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1662, "input_1": "…(1994), Abramov and Zima (1996), Bronstein (2000), Schneider (2001, 2005c), simplifying the solutions by our advanced telescoping algorithms (Schneider, 2005a, 2008, 2010c, 2015) and taking the first 4 initial values of S(n) produces\nS(n)= (−1)n n∑\ni=1\n(−3)i i\n− (−1)n n∑\ni=1\n(−1)i i\n+ 3n…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1663, "input_1": "2010) or acting as a competitive inhibitor of MYB activators by sequestering bHLH proteins and therefore operating within the MBW complex (Aharoni et al. 2001; Paolocci et al. 2011; Matsui et al. 2008; Dubos et al. 2008; Albert et al. 2011), required to be investigated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1664, "input_1": "For each chemical dose and SAC ratio trial, the difference between the number escaping from treated and control test chambers; and the difference between KD or dead in mosquitoes that escaped and those that did not escape were analyzed using the Wilcoxon 2-sample test as previously described [26,28,39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1665, "input_1": "We described that CD45 CD34þ progenitors from human WAT may promote breast cancer growth and metastases in preclinical models (5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1666, "input_1": ", Rockford, TN) (Geyer et al. 2005; Kastner et al. 2006) can also be deployed to investigate the in situ microbial community.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1667, "input_1": "conserved extreme C-terminus that encodes a non-classic nuclear localization signal (NLS) recognized by transportin [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1668, "input_1": "After the avian and mammalian lineages diverged, there were further tandem duplications of the π/ζ and αA lineages to produce more complex marsupial and eutherian ('placental') mammalian α-globin clusters, 5'-ζ-ψζ'-αD-ψα3-α2-α1-θ-3' (see [12,15-18]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1669, "input_1": "This could be explained by the requirement for specific spacers that match the invader DNA (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), and also by the existence in E. coli of alternative defence mechanisms that mask the action of CRISPR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1670, "input_1": "In previous studies, we reported that dilatation of pial arterioles in response to agonists that stimulate the synthesis/release of nitric oxide is profoundly impaired during acute exposure to high concentrations of alcohol and during chronic (2–3 mo) alcohol consumption (22, 23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1671, "input_1": "…be widely distributed in Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, Portugal, Thailand and Venezuela (Crous et al. 2006, 2007b; Hunter et al. 2006; Whyte et al. 2005) and it is also considered a primary pathogen that can affect as much as 70% of the foliage of susceptible trees (Whyte et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1672, "input_1": "We also suggest that our MP framework is a more accurate depiction of epidemiological findings supporting the core group hypothesis (Rothenberg 1983; Potterat et al. 1985; Zenilman et al. 1999; Bernstein et al. 2004), and resolves some of the prior ambiguity about what constitutes the core group for STI transmission (Thomas & Tucker 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1673, "input_1": "However, the social systems of their sister group, the Eupleridae, remain poorly studied (Brooke et al. 2014; Schneider and Kappeler 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1674, "input_1": "Pain catastrophising was measured with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [26], a 13-item scale that measures the participant’s expression of worry and excessive focus on negative aspects of the painful situation, expectations of negative outcomes and the inability to cope effectively with pain [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1675, "input_1": "The number of core eukaryotic genes present in the assembly was assessed using CEGMA (Parra et al. 2007) through the iPLANT Discovery Environment interface (https://de.iplantcollaborative.org/de/) and gene predictions were obtained using AUGUSTUS v. 3.0.2 with Coprinopsis cinerea gene models (Stanke et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1676, "input_1": "In 1966, Lotter et al. described the prevalence of ASD in England as 4/10 000 for children aged 8–10 years (Lotter 1966).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1677, "input_1": "This paper examines these problems by evolving the PCL (Pictorial Computing Laboratory) model presented in [8, 9] for WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers) environments [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1678, "input_1": "Hence, pulmonary function in patients with severe scoliosis was seriously diminished, which can increase the risk of corrective surgery and affect the patient’s daily activities, growth and development and appearance [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1679, "input_1": "Evidence from animal studies point in this direction, demonstrating that vitamin D deficiency impairs insulin secretion [32,33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1680, "input_1": "After the slow phase of cellularization, the network shifts into a fast phase of rapid furrow ingression and membrane addition is targeted to an apicolateral location (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1681, "input_1": "In contrast to earlier studies (Harcourt et al. 1981; Kappeler 1997a), most data included here stem from wild populations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1682, "input_1": "On the other hand, clique-perfect graphs are not necessarily perfect, answering a question formulated in [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1683, "input_1": "Several lines of evidence suggest that REIC down-regulation in cancers is caused by promoter methylation (Ding et al., 2009; Yu et al., 2009; Veeck et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1684, "input_1": "Laboratory analysis and main outcome measures Antibodies to the vaccine strain A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) and to the seasonal influenza vaccine strains A/NewCaledonia/ 20/1999 and A/Brisbane/59/2007 were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay, according to standard methods [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1685, "input_1": "Consistent with previous reports (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014), we found that overexpressing INF2 A149 resulted in significant shortening of mitochondria (Figure 6C,E; A149 alone).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1686, "input_1": "A fifth link type, the kinocilial link, connects the kinocilium, when present, to the adjacent stereocilia (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1687, "input_1": "During the same recording session, the children participated in an EEG recording with three to four stimulus sequences with background noise [48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1688, "input_1": "Joint based generators use a two-step pipeline [4,14]; or applying a joint model for both tasks [19,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1689, "input_1": "Interpersonal problems are a crucial feature of borderline personality disorder and underlie other straining characteristics of the disease, such as self-harming behavior, affective dysregulation, and impaired social functioning in the longterm course (BPD; Stiglmayr et al., 2005; Gunderson, 2007; Zanarini et al., 2007; Skodol, 2008; Gunderson, 2011; Livesley, 2012; Dammann et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1690, "input_1": "…building on the basic elements the Fisher-Ford test have been proposed by Templeton (1974), Schaffer et al. (1977), Gibson et al. (1979), Wilson (1980), Watterson (1982), Waples (1989b), De Koeyer et al. (2001), Goldringer and Bataillon (2004), Wisser et al. (2008), and Sandoval-Castellanos (2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1691, "input_1": "C33-I (Auersperg, 1964), HeLa (Puck et al., 1958), CaSki (Patillo, 1977) and SiHa (Friedl et al., 1979) cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium supplemented with 10~ foetal calf serum.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1692, "input_1": "…or species’means and treated analytically as measurement error (Careau et al. 2008), but researchers have since demonstrated that individual differences in baseline metabolic rate can persist over the lifetime of individuals (Nespolo and Franco 2007; Burton et al. 2011; White et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1693, "input_1": "1% SDS and 1% Triton X-100 and processed for Western blot analysis as described previously (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1694, "input_1": "This approach was used to minimize the contribution of each individual patient sample to the set of significantly altered genes [51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1695, "input_1": ", 1995) and in vitro (Fellous and Sejnowski, 2000), and their spike timing reliably shifts forward along the u-cycle phase during spatial behavior of the animals (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1696, "input_1": "The eight studies included were performed on four European [6, 7, 9, 12] and four Asian population samples [8, 10, 11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1697, "input_1": "To minimize the potential for bias due to cohort differences in BMI (Reynolds & Himes, 2007), respondents from a single cohort (1931-1941 birth years) were analyzed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1698, "input_1": "GFAP is found in the white and gray matter of the CNS and is considered brain specific (Missler et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1699, "input_1": "…ADHIB expression as untreated basal conditions in all ADHIB haplotypes following exposure to 1.5 mg ml 1 concentration (36 mM) and is consistent with low concentration EtOH effects observed in other cell types (Chen et al., 1993; D’Souza et al., 1994; De Vito et al., 2000; Nakatani et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1700, "input_1": "These results were confirmed in another study where statistical modelling was used to estimate potential effects on usual nutrient intakes if Dutch consumers would only choose foods that comply with Choices criteria [59].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1701, "input_1": "ATRX mutation in glioma is primarily seen in adolescents and young adults (ages 10 to 30 years) (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1702, "input_1": "BBS4 binds to PCM-1 and acts together at centriolar satellites for protein recruitment and microtubule organization (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1703, "input_1": "Interestingly, there is evidence that NAD(P)H oxidase and/or ROS may also act upstream of tuberin/ mTORC1 (34,40,41), suggesting that ROS generated bymTORinduced Nox4 may target tuberin via a feedback loop.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1704, "input_1": "Mck mutants resulted in a low-level viremia, poor dissemination to salivary glands, and reduced MCMV-associated inflammation in livers (Fleming et al., 1999; Saederup et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1705, "input_1": "…TONSL and BRCA1 both participate in the repair of stalled replication forks (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010; Pathania\n1962 GENES & DEVELOPMENT\nHill et al.\net al. 2011; Schlacher et al. 2012), we asked whether a BRCA1–TONSL complex is…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1706, "input_1": "To identify cell types by FCM, the target molecules of lineage-specific antibodies ideally should be (1) present on all the cells of that lineage, (2) uniquely expressed on that lineage, and (3) have known function.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1707, "input_1": "Statistics\n G-tests of interdependence (Sokal and Rohlf 1981) were used to compare overall activity, locomotor, posture, and support-use profiles (Doran 1992, 1993; McGraw 1996, 1998a, b; Dunham and McGraw 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1708, "input_1": "Because females perform phonotaxis or courtship solicitation displays, while males respond to social signals with evoked calling and call timing, females are generally found to be the more discriminating sex (Brenowitz 1982; Searcy and Brenowitz 1988; Bernal et al. 2007; Danner et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1709, "input_1": "Spontaneous remission was defined as remission occurring in the absence of corticosteroid therapy, that is, disappearance of the pancreatic swelling visualized on CT and/or resolution of the diffuse narrowing of the main pancreatic duct as visualized by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) prior to the commencement of steroid therapy, as previously described [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1710, "input_1": "1b, left panel), previously described in detail (e.g. Rouiller et al. 1998; Liu and Rouiller 1999; Schmidlin et al. 2004; Freund et al. 2006,\n2009; Kaeser et al. 2010, 2011): briefly, the tests were performed on a perspex board (10 cm 9 20 cm) containing 50 randomly distributed slots, each filled…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1711, "input_1": "To do so, we augment the UDs that result from running the SDC on the PTB with the dependencies in the CCGbank (Hockenmaier and Steedman, 2007), since the latter includes lexicalized dependencies derived from gold PTB traces.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1712, "input_1": "Approximately 45% of the predicted proteome of Leptospirillum Group II, the numerically dominant organism in floating AMD biofilms (Tyson et al., 2004; Denef et al., 2010b), was identified.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1713, "input_1": "…Webster et al., 1999) and the subtropical Indian Ocean (e.g., Behera and Yamagata, 2001; Reason, 2002), as well as links between the SST anomalies across the eastern Indian Ocean and regional rainfall (Nicholls, 1989; Frederiksen and Balgovind, 1994; England et al., 2006; Ummenhofer et al., 2008c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1714, "input_1": "It ameliorated ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in a rabbit myocardial infarction model of heart failure [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1715, "input_1": "The mtDNA and NRY variation in Brazilian admixed populations was first mined from the literature: Afro-Brazilian mtDNA [34–36] (n = 277) and NRY [12,34,35] (n = 380) and White Brazilian mtDNA [11,12] (n = 247) and NRY [12] (n = 180) and mtDNA/ NRY n = 245/132 of the general population of Cuba [37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1716, "input_1": "Our assessments were based on the recently revised ADOS algorithms (Gotham et al. 2007) which include the domains of Social Affect and Restricted-Repetitive Behaviors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1717, "input_1": "Besides, the cysteine-maleimide linkages are instable in a circulatory system, because the maleimide-linker reaction can be exchanged by the active thiol group of cysteine in human serum, resulting in the premature release of toxins before internalization [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1718, "input_1": "Sepsis was defined according to the new consensus of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Society of Critical CareMedicine published in February 2016, with diagnosis based on the combination of infection and SOFA score ≥ 2 points [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1719, "input_1": "A reduced clearance capacity of triglyceride-rich particles from the plasma could be the result of reduced efficiency of endovascular lipolysis due to reduced levels of lipoprotein lipase (10, 14), abnormal lipoprotein particles (15), or elevated levels of apoC-III (16–18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1720, "input_1": "The participants spoke several languages, including Spanish (Belalcazar-Bolaños et al. 2013a, b; Orozco-Arroyave et al. 2013a, b, 2014a, b, 2015b, 2016; Naranjo et al. 2016; Vásquez-Correa et al. 2015; VillaCanas et al. 2014), English (Arora et al. 2015; Aström and Koker 2011; Bakar et al. 2012;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1721, "input_1": ", 2010) leading to contamination of surface waters, seawaters, groundwater and in some cases also drinking waters (Salgado et al., 2012; Pereira et al., 2015; de Jesus Gaffney et al., 2015; Lolić et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1722, "input_1": "From our results and from some complementary findings elsewhere (e.g., Ullmann et al. 1985; Bowie and Ward 2004; Scalon and Wright 2015; Scalon et al. 2016a), we could confirm that mistletoe stomatal behaviour was responding to environmental influences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1723, "input_1": "Enteroglucagon is produced in the small intestine and its role is supported by evidence that chronic administration can increase jejunal absorption of sugars and amino acids in rats [81].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1724, "input_1": "…1988 [42] Manual (IM) postop xray 25 92 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (IM) postop xray 25 92 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (EM) postop xray 25 80 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (EM) postop xray 25 80 Decking et al., 2005 [13] Manual postop xray 25 36 Decking et al. 2005 [13] Manual postop…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1725, "input_1": "Secondary to this, a decrease of mGluR protein persists into adulthood and causes altered synaptic learning rules and attention behavior (Counotte et al., 2011a; Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1726, "input_1": "Our specific contribution is to advance what has so far been anecdotes-based debate on how skin whitening products can or cannot perpetuate sociocultural biases and lead to exploitation of vulnerable women (Karnani, 2007; Hammond and Prahalad, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1727, "input_1": "Similar results have been reported in other species such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Bell et al. 1993; Ruyter et al. 2006), brown trout (Salmo trutta) (Tocher et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1728, "input_1": "The more common skeletal defects are scoliosis, fusion of the vertebrae, spina bifida occulta, absence of the fifth finger and supernumerary digits (1,4,5,8,11,12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1729, "input_1": "This figure is constructed, based on previous reports (Choi et al 2011; Beuschlein et al. 2013; Seidel and Scholl 2016).\nacteristics, including male dominance, increased plasma aldosterone concentration, and lower potassium concentration, compared with cases without these mutations (Beuschlein et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1730, "input_1": "The two plasmid-encoded MAR in C. necator JMP134 have been extensively studied (Kasberg et al., 1995; Muller et al., 1996; Seibert et al., 1993; Vollmer et al., 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1731, "input_1": "These defects in vascular patterning in the cvp2 and cvl1cvp2 mutants are seen in the preprocambium and procambium, indicating that CVP2 and CVL1 play a role in proper preprocambium formation (Carland et al., 1999; Carland and Nelson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1732, "input_1": "such autoreceptor function has been shown to increase cholinergic tone, and to impair striatal LTD (Wess et al., 2007; Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1733, "input_1": "It is possible that the results of the present study differ from those of Todd et al. (2004) due to the differences in sparseness of the surface curves in the two studies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1734, "input_1": "All individuals aged 12 years or older who met the criteria for their diagnosis based on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria [11, 12] and have the ability of understanding the interview were recruited.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1735, "input_1": "…Germany\nM. A. Rieger Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany\ncontext (Cooper et al. 1994; Coggon et al. 2000; Sandmark et al. 2000; Seidler et al. 2008; Klussmann et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1736, "input_1": "To determine the role of endogenous serotonin signaling in the PAEC-induced myoendothelial-dependent differentiation of PASMCs, Sprague-Dawley rat proximal PAECs and PASMCs were cultured alone (monocultured), cocultured on opposite sides of a porous Transwell membrane (touch coculture), or PAECs were cultured on the bottom of a six-well plate and PASMCs on the Transwell membrane (no-touch coculture) as previously described (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1737, "input_1": "reliability Reliability was estimated by two aspects: one was internal consistency through the value of Cronbach’s α for the total score of the AIR-C scale and the other was test–retest reliability, which was done by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for absolute agreement between two tests.(31,32) A Cronbach’s α of .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1738, "input_1": "In contrast to steam pretreatment, organosolv pretreatment results in the solubilisation of lignin that can be subsequently precipitated as a highly functional, enriched fraction with low carbohydrate contamination (Pan et al., 2006a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1739, "input_1": "RO91 contains a translational fusion that harbors the turnover element susceptible to proteolysis [genotype, MC4100 (λRZ5:rpoS742::lacZ)hybr] (MUFFLER et al. 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1740, "input_1": "Several plans to unlock subglacial lakes exist ( Siegert et al. , 2004; Inman, 2005; Siegert et al. , 2007; Schiermeier , 2008; Woodward et al. , 2009) and valuable knowledge will be available as soon as direct samples of subglacial water and sediments are taken.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1741, "input_1": "classification [14] (type 1—short lateral lamella (1–3 mm depth), type II; has a moderate lateral lamella (4–7 mm) and", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1742, "input_1": "…and seedling growth under low temperatures (qLTG3-1, LTG1), tolerance of low temperatures at the fertilization stage and cold tolerance at the booting stage (Nonoue et al. 2008;Wu et al. 2013; Fujino et al. 2013; Hori et al. 2013; Shinada et al. 2013, 2014; Naranjo et al. 2014; Lu et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1743, "input_1": "In the case of analysis with the assumption of a molecular clock, the tree has a natural root node and there are the restrictions that the distances from this root to each of the tips must be equal (Felsenstein 1981).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1744, "input_1": "We evaluate the performance of our approach on three public datasets: UTKinect-Action [Xia et al. 2012], MSR-Action3D [Li et al. 2010] and Florence3D-Action [Seidenari et al. 2013].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1745, "input_1": "A second sub-population (2% to 10% of total muscle SP) is blood-derived and expresses the immune marker CD45 [19–21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1746, "input_1": "These results are similar to those of Nilsson et al. (1994), who suggested that the abundance and species richness of Dytiscidae were correlated with the amount and complexity of vegetation, as well as shore slope in a number of Swedish lakes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1747, "input_1": "…and Konofagou 2014; Choi et al. 2010b), chemotherapy agents (Aryal et al. 2013; Treat et al. 2007; Treat et al. 2012; Yang et al. 2012), antibodies (Kinoshita et al. 2006), magnetic nanoparticles (Fan et al. 2013), gene therapy vectors (Alonso et al. 2013), stem cells (Burgess et al. 2011) etc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1748, "input_1": "…cortical organization is well documented in the human cerebrum, particularly in the perisylvian speechlanguage regions (leftward) (LeMay 1976, 1999; Galaburda et al. 1978; Hepper et al. 1991; Foundas et al. 1995; Shapleske et al. 1999; Naidich et al. 2001; Knaus et al. 2006; Hamilton et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1749, "input_1": "The selected test set contains 29 small-scale equality-constrained optimization problems used by Colson [1] in his numerical tests, and our results are compared to those obtained with the software CDFO in this reference, which is a derivative-free adaptation of the Filter-SQP method, originally proposed by Fletcher and Leyffer [10], and to those obtained with the software COBYLA by Powell [25], a trust-region method for constrained problems that models the objective and constraint functions by linear interpolation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1750, "input_1": "Williams et al. (2008) reported evidence for convergent validity with diagnoses from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV (First et al. 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1751, "input_1": "Identifying Cul2 as part of the STAT regulatory circuit provides mechanistic insight about how an optimal number of border cells are specified (Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011;Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1752, "input_1": "ERGMs are particularly useful for testing hypotheses about network relations, and they have started to be applied more widely in public health [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1753, "input_1": "These results are intriguing because they run counter to previous reports of\nthe influence of HRT on response to SSRIs in depression (Schneider et al., 1997; Amsterdam et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1754, "input_1": "The Problem Factor of the EBCI has previously been shown to\ndemonstrate high reliability in the current sample from ages 2 to 4 (range, α=0.84 to 0.94; Dishion et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1755, "input_1": "To understand the logic of ubiquities services within competitive market environments, we subscribe to the layered modular architecture [57] as our theoretical and analytical lens to unpack the constituents and competitive dimensions of platform-driven ubiquitous systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1756, "input_1": "Furthermore, adjustment of the K+ current resulted in a linear depolarization of\nspike threshold, another commonly observed feature of the D-current (Bekkers and Delaney 2001; Dodson et al. 2002; Shen et al. 2004; Guan et al. 2007; Shu et al. 2007a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1757, "input_1": "The various phosphorylated forms of 4E-BP1 (designated , , and ) were separated by SDSPAGE electrophoresis and quantitated by protein immunoblot analysis as described previously (27, 45, 46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1758, "input_1": "Computational analysis by Robetta alanine scanning [25] and KFC2 [26] servers predicted the position of hotspots, indicating that binding was focused around Y33, R35 and E93.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1759, "input_1": "Spectra for water and the O2 dimer are not included in the DOAS fit as previous retrievals found 15 their inclusion unnecessary (Boersma et al., 2007; Bucsela et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1760, "input_1": "Similar results have been reported in Phaseolus vulgaris plants exposed to non-filtered air supplied with 80 ppb of O3 [59].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1761, "input_1": "One approach, such as the three-step search (TSS)[1], and twodimensional logarithm search (TDL)[2], new three-step search (N3SS)[3], efficient three-step search (E3SS)[4], and cross search (CS)[5] employ coarse-to-fine searching to reduce the number of search points.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1762, "input_1": ", 2013; Tucker, 2012), but other interactive technologies or materials such as textbooks and handouts are also mentioned (McLaughlin et al., 2014; Prober & Khan, 2013; Strayer, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1763, "input_1": "In grassland systems, grazing intensity can alter the composition and structure of both vegetation and the associated prey base (arthropods) for grassland-nesting birds (Fondell and Ball 2004; Sutter and Ritchison 2005; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1764, "input_1": "Nuclear localization of FANCA is critical for its function, and appears to be regulated by its tertiary conformation of the C-terminus;(18,27,39) and Hsp90 regulates transmembrane trafficking of some client proteins.(2) We therefore studied the effect of 17-AAG on subcellular localization of FANCA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1765, "input_1": "The p35S::RPS4: GFP and the pABA2::ABA2 cassettes were transferred into the pHPT binary vector (Tzfira et al., 2005) or pMDC123 (Curtis and Grossniklaus, 2003) using LR clonase (Invitrogen), respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1766, "input_1": "Biological hydrogen production via anaerobic fermentation is renewable, and may be sustainable and energy efficient (Jung et al., 2011; Xia et al., 2015a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1767, "input_1": "donovani-infected WT BALB/c mice also initially express IL-4 mRNA in parasitized liver and/or spleen (28, 30, 34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1768, "input_1": "…strength to screen charge to study the interaction of various toxin blockers with Ca21-activated K1 (KCa) channels (MacKinnon and Miller, 1988; Anderson et al., 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991; Giangiacomo et al., 1992) and the block induced by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin in Na1 channels…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1769, "input_1": "As a part of her baseline evaluation for the study she underwent neurological assessment using the ISNCSCI [6] and autonomic screening using the International Standards to document remaining Autonomic Function after Spinal Cord Injury (ISAFSCI) [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1770, "input_1": "Shi and Liu (2000) built a kind of g-band model of random line object based on stoma process.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1771, "input_1": "As an example, it has recently been demonstrated that one or two strains are sufficient to drive major changes in gastrointestinal and host (mouse) metabolic profiles, where up to 10(12) microbial cells or 4500 species may coexist (Marcobal et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1772, "input_1": "In previous work, we found that pharmacological inhibition of PKC reduces the high basal glucose uptake of muscle and adipose cells overexpressing PED and rescues most of the insulin effect in glucose uptake (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1773, "input_1": "Disease stage was classified according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System.(15) Survival time was defined as the number of years from diagnosis to death from any cause, or for children who were alive at last follow-up, as the number of years from diagnosis to last follow-up.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1774, "input_1": "…by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society 721\nvivo UV cross-linking does not promote formation of covalent bonds between proteins (Pashev et al. 1991; Suchanek et al. 2005), and hence offers an approach to “freeze” directly binding RBPs to RNAs in vivo for subsequent…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1775, "input_1": "…sulfoxide (Kitamura et al. 1977; Kimura et al. 1979), 2,5-dichlorophenylmethyl sulfone (Kitamura et al. 1977; Kimura et al. 1979) and mercapturic acid derivatives (Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997) have also been identified as urinary metabolites.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1776, "input_1": "We used a global database of 1054 river basins across the world (Brosse et al. 2013) for which the native and nonnative status in each basin has been recorded for 9722 freshwater fish species.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1777, "input_1": "[34] A prior episode of symptomatic demyelinating optic neuritis was diagnosed when there was a history of a subacute episode of visual blurring or visual loss associated with eye pain and when this event was confirmed by medical record review and subject interview.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1778, "input_1": "The conversion of daidzein to equol is the result of further bacterial degradation (Setchell et al. 1984).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1779, "input_1": "McCartney and Lessios (2004) found evidence that the bindin of E. lucunter (but not of E. viridis) evolves under strong selection.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1780, "input_1": "The final species, Siderastrea siderea, was collected from both Floridian reefs and at\nNNP in the Bahamas (Thornhill et al. 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1781, "input_1": "A household wealth index was constructed from household characteristics and asset data using principal component analysis (PCA) [18,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1782, "input_1": "This incidence of inbreeding is less than the equilibrium inbreeding coefficient (0.30), indicating an excess of heterozygous plants in the syn-4 population, which may have resulted from\nheterozygote advantage due to heterotic selection (Clegg, 1980; Rüter et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1783, "input_1": "The perisylvian speech-language region in humans is known to be predominantly larger in the left hemisphere of righthanded individuals (LeMay 1976; Galaburda et al. 1978; Hepper et al. 1991; Foundas et al. 1994; LeMay 1999; Shapleske et al. 1999; Naidich et al. 2001; Hamilton et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1784, "input_1": "This transformation, which in fact makes the task more challenging [11], aims to make the data set compatible", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1785, "input_1": "Psychotropic medication was found to be more frequent in the autistic group, a result that concurs with past evidence (Posey & McDougle, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1786, "input_1": "…2009), compare the quality of association measures through mean average precision (Evert and Krenn 2005), compare different methods (Pearce 2002; Ramisch et al. 2008a), and measure the impact of acquired MWEs on NLP applications (Finlayson and Kulkarni 2011; Xu et al. 2010; Carpuat and Diab 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1787, "input_1": "5-HT3A receptors also exhibit inwardly rectifyingmacroscopic and single channel current-voltage relationships, slow desensitization kinetics, and substantial Ca(2) permeability (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1788, "input_1": "Ferritin can control the free iron concentration inside the cell and thus reduce its availability for the production of hydrogen peroxide derived hydroxyl radical [44].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1789, "input_1": "We began the analysis with open coding that involved examining interviews line by line to document the discovery of emerging codes and their properties (Beck, 2004; Chenitz & Swanson, 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1790, "input_1": "All participants also completed Mindstreams (NeuroTrax Corp., New York, NY, USA), a computerized cognitive test battery designed to evaluate multiple cognitive domains (Dwolatzky et al. 2003; Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1791, "input_1": "We investigate implementing the three methods by using a recurrent network, following the ideas in Deneve et al. (1999), Pouget and Zhang (1997), and Pouget et al. (1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1792, "input_1": "Transformation by GSTO1-1 is the rate-limiting step in inorganic-arsenic metabolism and requires glutathione as a reductant (Cohen et al., 2006; Pott et al., 2001; Tapio and Grosche, 2006; Tseng, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1793, "input_1": "Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) has emerged as an important alternative to transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) capable of providing highquality local excision for rectal neoplasia [1–10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1794, "input_1": "Biomarker measures were standardized for batch effect as described by Rosner et al (32). ß coefficients from a linear regression model of each biomarker, with a batch indicator variable was averaged.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1795, "input_1": "Before describing some aspects of the experiment in more detail, let me elaborate more\non the changes in the design compared to Bloomfield and Hales (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1796, "input_1": "A suspension of cerebellar granule cells was prepared from 10-15 day old ICR mice (Taconic Biotechnology, Inc., Germantown, NY) using the procedures described in previous investigations from our laboratory (Oyama et al., 1996; Carpenter et al., 1997; Boldyrev et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1797, "input_1": "These results seem to confirm the hypothesis that viral lysis is a significant factor for producing shifts in the composition of heterotrophic eubacteria and cyanobacteria and not their abundance [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1798, "input_1": "Our results are in accordance with previous studies of diabetes patients that have found associations between albuminuria and incidence of CVD and mortality [21–29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1799, "input_1": "The list of significantly enriched TFs included developmental factors such as Hairy, which plays a critical role in the segmentation of the early embryo (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus 1980), Fruitless, which promotes male-specific neural development and behavior (Manoli et al. 2005), as well as Homothorax, a Hox protein co-factor (Ryoo et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1800, "input_1": "In the late differentiation phases of somatotroph cells, GHRH activates Gs alpha, cAMP, and the protein kinase A pathway through its cell membrane receptor GHRH-R (1,10,11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1801, "input_1": "due to mitochondrial dysfunction caused by age-related mitochondrial DNA mutations, deletions 151 (10, 21) and damage (25, 59).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1802, "input_1": "…have considerably advanced our understanding of how selection by parasites in conjunction with sexual selection drives the polymorphism of the classical major histocompatibility complex class I and II genes (Landry et al. 2001; Langefors et al. 2001a; Reusch et al. 2001; Wegner et al. 2003a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1803, "input_1": "The reflectance data were converted to pseudoabsorption using the Kubelka-Munk remission function.(72) The absorption onsets (Figure 4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1804, "input_1": "Several gene duplications gained during further evolutionary steps increased the carbon flow through glycolysis [29], optimized the conversion between acetaldehyde and ethanol [4], and elevated the sugar uptake.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1805, "input_1": "Comparison of sperm retrieval rate according to testicular histology Five of the included studies made a comparison of sperm retrieval according to testicular histology (Okada et al., 2002; Tsujimura et al., 2002; Ramasamy et al., 2005; Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1806, "input_1": "This finding agrees with recent investigations that suggest that only a limited number of\nThe ISME Journal\nbacterial species can drive major changes in the gut microbiota and, thus, influence the metabolic profile (Marcobal et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1807, "input_1": "…(Polo-Parada et al., 2004, 2005), also caused transmission failures with high-, but not low-frequency stimulation, further supporting the importance of the MLCK–myosin II pathway in maintaining synaptic transmission with high, but physiological (Gorassini et al., 2000), stimulus frequencies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1808, "input_1": "…Lagoon, Papua New Guinea, groups of the clown anemonefish, A. percula, are confined to sea anemones (Heteractis magnifica) that provide the fish with food, oviposition sites, and protection from predators (Mariscal 1970; Fautin 1992; Elliott et al. 1995; Elliott and Mariscal 2001; Buston 2003a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1809, "input_1": "The key insight of the authors in [12] is that a memory access to a location which is private to a given thread can be successfully reordered with respect to a memory access to a location which is shared amongst multiple threads without violating SC; it is only for memory operations to shared data that ordering constraints need to be imposed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1810, "input_1": "If the desired accuracy is , according to [6], the SPG algorithm needs O( √ 2D= ) iterations to converge.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1811, "input_1": "The coactivation of the transcription factors to promoter regions is carried out by PGC-1a, which is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis (380).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1812, "input_1": "The emerging data from clinical trials with GDC-0449 show both the benefits and possible pitfalls of a pure SMO antagonist; a clear tumor response in Hh driven tumors such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma [34,55,56], and the occurrence of a drug induced resistance caused by mutations in the Smo locus [34,55].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1813, "input_1": "Analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of LC can assist to understand the underlying mechanism of the flashover process [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1814, "input_1": "Often, multiple interventions are bundled by a single artifact, which is an “artificial thing” (Romme, 2003, p. 562) that serves as “a means to an end” (Holmström et al., 2009, p. 67).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1815, "input_1": "The list of extracted items was based on the guidance issued by Cochrane for data extraction [22] and critical appraisal for systematic reviews of prediction models (the CHARMS checklist [23]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1816, "input_1": "CART, Random Forest and kNN parameters (min_samples_leaf ∈ [1, 10] for tree-based algorithms and k ∈ {1, 2, 5, 15, 30, 50} for kNN) were chosen in stratified 5-fold cross-validation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1817, "input_1": "Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework better encapsulates semantic or category-level shape information while requiring less supervision or relatively inexpensive weak supervision compared to prior works [6, 49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1818, "input_1": "This matrix transformed the global coordinate system into a local orthogonal coordinate system using a direct frame by frame method (Scurr et al., 2010), identifying the suprasternal notch as the origin and establishing the right and left nipple coordinates relative to the trunk (Scurr et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1819, "input_1": "To determine the pressure conditions at which this abrupt change of dVS/dP occurs, we adopted the same criteria as Murakami and Bass (2010, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1820, "input_1": "Mean sensitivity estimates (ap) for Group 11 (between .25 and .32) were similar to the mean sensitivity estimate of .20 found by Lie and Alsop (2009), who used a similar task and sample of participants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1821, "input_1": ", Mg and Zn) are associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers that increased risk of MS.[2,36] The differences between our results and previous studies may be explained by differences in sample size, population group and the method of dietary assessment; or the definitions of MS may not be appropriate for an Iranian population; and self‐reported intake may be imprecise.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1822, "input_1": "studies have convincingly shown that MIF RNA and protein are present in most brain areas under non-pathological conditions also [33, 34], the absence of immunohistochemically detectable MIF expression was surprising.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1823, "input_1": "…both 3 and 5 directions were assembled using the programs phred (Ewing and Green 1998; Ewing et al. 1998), phrap (http://www.phrap.org) and Consed (Gordon et al. 1998), and were submitted to the GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast) and Rhizobase databases…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1824, "input_1": "We have proposed a method of friendship estimation by observing interaction among children via a robot (Kanda et al., 2004 c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1825, "input_1": "The topographic trend in China was reversed from right tilt to left tilt, with the flow direction of the main river systems turned eastward to the sea (Clark et al. 2004; Zheng et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1826, "input_1": "Bacterial strains and growth conditions The genome sequences of B. pertussis TohamaI, Bordetella parapertussis 12822, Bordetella bronchesipteca RB50 [34] and Bordetella avium N197 [35] were used in the computational analyses.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1827, "input_1": "Nonbreeders are potentially costly competitors for reproduction, but they avoid becoming actual competitors for reproduction by modifying their growth and remaining small (Buston 2003b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1828, "input_1": "The underlying mechanisms of the release of water molecules from macromolecular binding remain to be established as HA does not appear to be directly involved in this process (Sedin et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1829, "input_1": "Although many researchers [1-10] have proposed numerous algorithms in literature, it is still very difficult to solve it efficiently due to the appearance or motion changes of the object, such as pose, occlusion, or illumination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1830, "input_1": "For the purpose of small-signal stability analysis, the DAE model (1) is linearized around a given system operating point [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1831, "input_1": "We used two luxAB reporter strains, strain FAM431, which contains the fulllength glnN promoter fused to luxAB, and FAM84, which only retains the NtcA-binding site in its promoter fused to luxAB (Aldehni & Forchhammer, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1832, "input_1": "This result is in apparent contradiction with a previous study showing that the dominant repression of MYB52 caused a severe reduction in SCW thickening in both interfascicular fibers and xylary fibers of the inflorescence stem (Zhong et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1833, "input_1": "Scores may become more reliable after daily repetition of the dot probe task for several weeks (Enock et al. 2014); this repetition is of course not feasible for most ABT studies, which typically take place in a single session and seek to measure pre-treatment bias.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1834, "input_1": "We compare the proposed CF3D with other correlation filter based RGB-D trackers, i.e., DS-KCF [9] and SAMF+Depth [48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1835, "input_1": "Despite a study performed by Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) did not demonstrate superior activities by higher doses of CrEL-based paclitaxel [18], data from several other phase II studies in MBC suggest a dose-response relationship.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1836, "input_1": "dN and dS were calculated for the aligned regions using the codeml programme from the PAML package [56], with default settings for pairwise analyses and nine free parameters used to account for codon frequencies (F3X4; [57]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1837, "input_1": "1B) and introduced a site-specific nick in the sense strand of the EGFPcC>G reporter by transfecting reporter cells with PX462 plasmids (Ran et al. 2013b) that coexpressed Cas9D10A and EGFP-specific sgRNA (sgEGFP).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1838, "input_1": "Indeed, our research confirms that talking to a close friend or family member, and maintaining contact with these social networks, are actions young people considered to prevent or apply in situations of depressive distress or similar states [13,28,29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1839, "input_1": "These new scenarios require the use of different scales (nominal or ordinal, as opposed to ratio scales [12]), and as such will mean using different metrics on the databases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1840, "input_1": "…(Mongera et al., 2013), Tg(crestin:creERT2);Tg(-3.5ubi:loxP-GFP-loxP-mCherry) (Mosimann et al., 2011; Kaufman et al., 2016), tfap2amob;foxd3mos (Wang et al., 2011) and Tg(sox17:creERT2;cmlc2: DsRed) [created using the sox17 promoter from Mizoguchi et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1841, "input_1": "We tested model performance using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) statistic, which gives a measure of ability to discriminate between observed presences and absences, and has been widely applied (Acevedo et al. 2010; Anderson and Raza 2010; Phillips et al. 2006; but see Lobo et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1842, "input_1": "determined using a simple ray-triangle intersection algorithm which calculates the distance that the ray has travelled before each triangle intersection [20, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1843, "input_1": "Additional studies have implicated Rab5A and 5C in microneme protein trafficking and rhoptry biogenesis [22], and homologues of dynamin and sortilin have also been identified as critical for the trafficking of some proteins [23,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1844, "input_1": "These molecules may replace some expensive growth factors and are promising for standardization of ESC cultivation (Burton et al., 2010; Tsutsui et al., 2011; Valamehr et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1845, "input_1": "Comparison of overall sperm retrieval rate\nAll seven included studies compared the overall SRR (Schlegel, 1999; Amer et al., 2000; Okada et al., 2002; Tsujimura et al., 2002; Ramasamy et al., 2005; Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1846, "input_1": "We split the sample into two groups comparing those who displayed high levels of behavior problems as indexed by the Eyberg Problem or Intensity factor, using previously validated cut-off scores and mirroring the criteria applied during recruitment for the study (Burns and Patterson 2001; Dishion et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1847, "input_1": "The particles, or signals, are well known [2, 3, 6, 10, 12] in cellular automata (CAs) where iterated parallel processing of strings occurs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1848, "input_1": "Serum CA125 is elevated in a proportion of patients with diverse malignancies, such as colon, breast, endometrial, lung, liver and pancreatic tumours (Tuxen et al, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1849, "input_1": "TK, (7, 8) using EcoRI (5′) and BamHI (3′) and then inserted into the GFP vector.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1850, "input_1": "There was no difference in results between the two treatment backgrounds, the presence of metformin did not affect the results, which is consistent with earlier studies of the SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin [15,16] and canagliflozin [17,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1851, "input_1": "When MgTx was applied to the rare cells subsequently shown to express only TTX-sensitive Na current (A-type neurons) (Stansfeld and Wallis 1985; Schild and Kunze 1997; Li and Schild 2007b), there was no change in the duration of the action potential measured at 0 mV (0.74 0.09 vs. 0.76 0.1 ms, n 3,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1852, "input_1": "These study areas have all been managed in the same way for multiple generations (from the onset of farming in the area) and are dominated by indigenous vegetation (Little et al. 2013), they have also only been utilized as livestock farms (the region is not suitable for\ncrop agriculture).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1853, "input_1": "In both alignments, the most significant eigenposition is approximately invariant across the organisms and correlates with the average frequency of all nucleotides across the positions [34], with the correlation w0:995.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1854, "input_1": "Prenatal care utilization was classified as inadequate, intermediate, adequate, and adequate plus according to Kotelchuck’s Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1855, "input_1": "[11], is a tree-building technique which could be ideally suited to the generation of information fusion rules among sensors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1856, "input_1": "Member pairs were considered linked if one or both indicated a relationship, following established social network data management protocols [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1857, "input_1": "As suggested by several authors, the abnormal FRP can result from an initial fear-avoidance reaction to back pain triggering and over time evolve into an unintentional protection mechanism [28,32,53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1858, "input_1": "…have been found that possess IQ motif/s: the IQD family that contains a IQ67 domain (Abel et al. 2005; Levy et al. 2005), the myosin family (Knight and Kendrick 1993; Reddy and Day 2001; Holweg and Nick 2004; Ojangu et al. 2007), the CaMbinding transcriptional activators (CAMTA) family…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1859, "input_1": "In this sense, our results agree with previous studies reporting decreased binding levels (Oviedo et al., 1993; Rodriguez de Fonseca et al., 1994; Romero et al., 1997b), receptor activation of GTP-binding proteins (Sim et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1860, "input_1": "standing for the mode coupling between two adjacent waveguides and κ κ κ = = + + n n n n in 2 2 1 2 1 2 standing for the mode coupling within the same waveguides, Eqs (17) and (18) can be written as", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1861, "input_1": "California Sheephead and Kelp Bass density and size structure were extracted from data collected from 2007 through 2009 following a standardized comprehensive community monitoring survey protocol; for more details on the protocol see [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1862, "input_1": "METHODS: There were 4 distinct interventions used to plan and implement this conversion program: (1) literature review, (2) product selection, (3) policy and operational changes, and (4) staff training.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1863, "input_1": "These adaptations consisted of using an analytical approximation for the stress fiber remodeling algorithm to reduce computational costs (Ristori et al., 2015), and including both the loaded and unloaded configuration in the assessment of the degree of collagen contraction and strain-induced collagen degradation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1864, "input_1": "Annual public expenditure on home-care services tripled from €102.3 million in 2001 (Timonen et al. 2006a) to €331 million in 2008 (PA Consulting 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1865, "input_1": "The items are internally consistent and reproducible and the questionnaire may therefore be considered to have at least as favourable levels of reliability as clinical scores used to assess outcomes (Koran 1975).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1866, "input_1": "3 Implementation\n3.1 Data pre-processing\nAlthough the WHO database allows for the transmission and storage of large amounts of data for each individual case report, few case reports have even the majority of the fields filled in (Bate et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1867, "input_1": "some authors regard phenprocoumon as a valuable alternative for therapeutic OAC of patients expressing a CYP2C9 polymorphism [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1868, "input_1": "Similar results have been described by our group in human lymphocytes [32], and by other researchers in murine macrophages [65].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1869, "input_1": "First, by altering the immunophysiology of the host during infection, pathogens can modify host behavior.(12,13) Common", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1870, "input_1": "Data on the occurrence of the principal mycotoxins on foods and beverages are increasing due to the availability and use of modern and sensitive LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS methodologies suitable for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins (Capriotti et al., 2012; Rodríguez-Carrasco et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1871, "input_1": "Two meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials indicated that consumption of unfiltered coffee increases serum lipid levels [77, 78].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1872, "input_1": "These strategies can hopefully lead to earlier diagnosis and earlier, less invasive interventions for OSSN, particularly in places such as East Africa where there is limited access to specialists.[8] Our review suggests a lack of utilization of topical chemotherapy to treat OSSN in Africa.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1873, "input_1": "The best μ solutions from the union of the μ parent solutions and the λ offspring are carried over into the new population P (t + 1) (Li et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1874, "input_1": "Yet, allowing for interruptions might decrease classification accuracy [24] as well as making results vulnerable to variation in wear time if analyzed with different epoch lengths [37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1875, "input_1": "As mentioned in the Introduction, a functional specialisation within the hippocampus for episodic encoding and retrieval processes in healthy young subjects was initially proposed as part of the HIPER model, with the anterior part of the hippocampus being preferentially involved in encoding, and retrieval mainly depending on its posterior portion (Lepage et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1876, "input_1": "The 12-item Short-Form Survey (SF-12) was used to assess overall physical and mental well-being using the Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1877, "input_1": "For instance, the relatively unconserved 13.4 kb region between the 2.3 kb 5 enhancer and Ptf1a coding region contains sufficient information to direct expression specifically to Ptf1a-positive cells in the pancreas, and this expression is synergistic with the 2.3 kb element (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1878, "input_1": ", 2010), identifying the suprasternal notch as the origin and establishing the right and left nipple coordinates relative to the trunk (Scurr et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1879, "input_1": "RNA and Protein Analysis Total RNAwas isolated from transduced (Ametrine) CD4 or CD8 T cells and used for cDNA synthesis as previously described (Johnston et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1880, "input_1": "For a close and equitable comparison with other systems based on the same biologically motivated model, we chose to do our experiments on the Caltech-101 database [7], which has become a de facto standard for evaluating algorithms for multiclass category-level recognition, though it lacks in several important sources of intra-class variability [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1881, "input_1": "We use the MPI based distributed Version (IntelCaffe) [1] of the popular open source framework Caffe [9] for our evaluation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1882, "input_1": "These subjects have intact cognitive function and their gait is essentially ‘‘automatic’’ (Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005), at least compared with the patient populations studied here.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1883, "input_1": "These results are consistent with other applications of AMOR and rhBMP-2 in repair of critical size defects [39, 43, 44, 47, 48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1884, "input_1": "The diagrams illustrate typical cm, db and ssm configurations [19], where water molecules are depicted by dashed circles and amino acid residues are represented by solid circles (drawings adapted from Liu and Chan [31]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1885, "input_1": "Only one published paper (Enock et al. 2014) has examined this question, and thatwas in the context of anABM training study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1886, "input_1": "Lai and Massey [10] introduced a proposal for a new block encryption standard named IDEA which is based on ARX design with three different group operations modular addition, bitwise XOR and modular multiplication to achieve strong confusion and diffusion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1887, "input_1": "Several biologically-inspired algorithms have been applied to the HPlattice optimization problem, including memetic algorithms [5,6], particle swarm optimization [7], a contact interactions method [8], an immune algorithm [9] and ant colony optimization [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1888, "input_1": "For each condition, the magnitude of luminance or chromatic increments was set by the adaptive QUEST algorithm (Watson & Pelli, 1983).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1889, "input_1": "As training data, we use the IWSLT07 Chinese– English data set (Fordyce, 2007), which contains\n46,867 sentence pairs of training data, and 489 Chinese sentences with 6 English reference translations each as test data; all the sentences are taken from the traveling domain.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1890, "input_1": "While some studies demonstrated that lean mass exhibit a positive relationship with BMD (10, 11) another reported that lean mass does not have an impact on BMD (14).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1891, "input_1": "The observed pH-dependence of the reaction rate in solution is consistent with base catalysis and with the thiolate anion as the reactive species, as reported previously.(17,18)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1892, "input_1": "Global gene expression profiles of developing brain in embryos of diabetic mice has shown differential expression of several genes that control various functions such as metabolism, cellular physiological process, cell cycle progression and cell migration during brain development [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1893, "input_1": "In several elasticity-imaging techniques [3–5,11,12,24], the acoustic radiation force was considered to be a spatial impulse (delta function) generated precisely at the geometric focus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1894, "input_1": "At 6 days after LCMV infection, virus-specific Tfh cells (CXCR5+ SLAMlo) and Th1 cells (CXCR5 SLAMhi) (Choi et al., 2013; Johnston et al., 2009) were isolated by flow cytometry and deep sequenced for differential representation of the shRNAs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1895, "input_1": "So far, the Arianna database has been shown to provide accurate and reliable information on drug utilization [9–11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1896, "input_1": "During compression, the AmB molecules change their orientation to vertical at a surface pressure of approximately 15 mN/m (Arczewska and Gagoś 2011; Gagoś and Arczewska 2010; Gruszecki et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1897, "input_1": "One interesting exception to this pattern has recently been reported by Hendriks et al. (2014), who observed a strong rate of definite references at a point in their stories at which they expected their second character to be maintained in focus (their “Maintain-2” condition; see also Contemori and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1898, "input_1": "According to Hale et al. (2000), the presence of the LINE-1 element is part of the “taurine” haplotype of the GHR gene; no such sequence was found in Zebu cattle (Bos indicus).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1899, "input_1": "6(d)) may seem to contrast the decreased firing rates reported in previous modeling studies (Bojak and Liley, 2005; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Steyn-Ross et al., 1999) and observed in experiments (Antkowiak, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1900, "input_1": "Ten Caucasian patients with grossly increased levels of N-isovalerylglycine and N-isovalerylcarnitine were diagnosed with IVA and the metadata on these cases are described in Dercksen et al. 2012.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1901, "input_1": "The in-vitro blue-plaque-forming assay was performed to observe the competitive inhibition effect of CCR5 mimic peptides with its phage counterparts [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1902, "input_1": "The second approach involves an integrated network of services that work in partnership to connect and refer women to the appropriate provider [74], such as case management [71,77,79,80].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1903, "input_1": "We evaluated four SNPs in DICER, DROSHA, XPO5, and RAN, which are essential for miRNA biogenesis [26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1904, "input_1": "…and central VTA) (Valenti et al., 2012; Lammel et al., 2012), whereas short-term stress or other different chronic stressors (e.g., repeated intermittent stress) (Shaham et al., 2000 & 2003) may increase activity of these cells (Moore et al., 2001, Valenti et al., 2011, Valenti et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1905, "input_1": "Enock et al. (2014) found that both groups had very unreliable (near 0) dot probe bias scores initially and in the first week of ABM.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1906, "input_1": "Nevertheless, one area of ethics for HTA that indeed is considerably underdeveloped in comparison to other areas of HTA is quality assessment of ethics analyses in HTA [10], [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1907, "input_1": "FUS dC is Partially Co-localized with PRMT1 in the Cytoplasmic Inclusions FUS/TLS encodes 526 amino acid protein, characterized by N-terminal QGSY region, G-rich domain, RRM (RNA recognition motif), two RGG (Arg-Gly-Gly repeats), and Cterminal non-classical NLS (514-526 aa) [8,14] (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1908, "input_1": "…methods rely on some additional and often heuristic step to generate an initial solution, such as adversarially-trained neural networks [Conneau et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2017a,b], robust self-learning [Artetxe et al., 2018b] or\n5This can be easily verified by noting that the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1909, "input_1": "rentiation in hMSCs The C2 domain of PKCη is thought not to affect substrate-specificity of the kinase but instead aid in its localization to membranous systems (Littler et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1910, "input_1": "In previous studies, we found a strong correlation between chemokine and cytokine mRNA and protein levels [27, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1911, "input_1": "Such multiorientation representations can be made using various techniques, such as invertible orientation scores (which is obtained via a coherent state transform) [3,30,11,36, 40,6], continuous wavelet transforms [28,30,61,11], orientation lifts [65,14], or orientation channel representations [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1912, "input_1": "In order to analyse victimization the Screener Sum Version [20] was used to compute total victimization reports on the", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1913, "input_1": "…recognizing mammalian homologs of katanin also recognize large microtubule-dependent structures surrounding γ-tubulin foci at spindle poles in several cell types and, in addition, recognize a smaller microtubule-independent focus at the centrosome in some cell types (McNally and Thomas, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1914, "input_1": "Details regarding the study design and characteristics of the study participants have been published elsewhere [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1915, "input_1": "The oils, which are generally composed of complex mixtures of monoterpenes, phenols, and sesquiterpenes, have demonstrated insecticidal, repellent, antifeedant and insect growth regulatory properties, and suppression of adult insect fertility and oviposition [4,6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1916, "input_1": "…may exist between slow freezing and vitrification protocols, since vitrified whole sheep ovaries in contrast to slow frozen ovaries contained substantially reduced numbers of primordial follicles and blood vessels with some degree of damage (Courbiere et al., 2005, 2006; Baudot et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1917, "input_1": "Besides, the cys eine-male mide linkages are instable in a circulator syst , because the maleimide-linker reaction can be exchanged by the active th ol group of cysteine in human serum, resulting in the premature release of toxin before internalization [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1918, "input_1": "Rac plays important roles in the activation of NOX1, NOX2, and c-Src (11, 23, 24, 28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1919, "input_1": "However, they are very unstable in all other situations, namely, in simulations of GQs lacking the channel ions (54,60), in G-triplexes even in excess salt conditions (61) and in isolation (the present work).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1920, "input_1": "5mW/cm power of UV365 for 30min to obtain cell sheets from the TN and TR surface [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1921, "input_1": "This can be readily observed when selection is artificially induced by forcing GC B cell-T follicular helper (Tfh) cell interactions (Gitlin et al., 2015; Gitlin et al., 2014; Victora et al., 2010), but is also likely to be at the origin of the ‘‘clonal bursts’’ that can lead to radical loss of clonal diversity in GCs under unmanipulated conditions (Tas et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1922, "input_1": "…2010; Heilman and Smith, 2010), slotfilling with question templates (Popowich and Winne, 2013; Chali and Golestanirad, 2016; Labutov et al., 2015), or implicitly modeled by recent neural models(Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017b; Yuan et al., 2017; Song et al., 2017; Subramanian et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1923, "input_1": "Elevated blood pH is consistent with one reported result (56) but differs from most other studies in which pH of hibernating and euthermic ground squirrels do not differ (15, 16, 27, 29, 40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1924, "input_1": "But societal readiness also impacts on public and patient readiness, so it addressed the issue of accessibility to e-health innovations by the public and patients as well.(3,11,18) Also, core readiness addressed components of organisational readiness and healthcare provider 1830 articles and links identified from electronic databases", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1925, "input_1": "(vii) Multiple subcellular locations enable the same protein to exert different functions in different parts of the cell [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1926, "input_1": "Only the learning trials of the CVLT2 and BVMTR were administered, in accordance with BICAMS opinion paper (Langdon et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1927, "input_1": "Nevertheless, recent reports have implicated CHH as a regulator of multiple physiological effects, which include reproduction (De Kleijn and Van Herp, 1998; Khayat et al., 1998), molting (Chung et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1928, "input_1": "The current results in healthy participants also align well with studies showing impaired value-based decision-making across substance-use disorders (Lubman et al, 2009; Paulus, 2007) and with the growing evidence for dysregulation of MOR function across addictions (Ghitza et al, 2010; Mick et al, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1929, "input_1": "Network-based studies gave rise to the disease module hypothesis (Barabási et al 2011; Vidal et al 2011) where diseases with an overlap in biological networks show significant symptom similarity and common disease mechanisms, whereas diseases residing in separated network neighborhoods are…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1930, "input_1": "For example, collagen fibers lack proper organization in the skin and tendons of TSP2-null mice, with underlying fibrils being loosely packed with larger than normal diameters and nonuniform cross-sections (Bornstein et al., 2000; Kyriakides et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1931, "input_1": "Our model is a further development of the previous remarkably detailed model by Halter and Clark (1991) in which the separation of the axonal membrane, myelin sheath and the corresponding compartments was first reported in the literature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1932, "input_1": "Probes EUB338 I-III (Amann et al., 1990; Daims et al., 1999) for the domain Bacteria and Gam42a with competitor (Manz et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1933, "input_1": "The demonstrated modulators were based on either a MOS capacitor [7], a forward-biased p-i-n diode [8-9], or a reversebiased pn junction [10-14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1934, "input_1": "The genotype frequencies of RAN rs14035 and XPO5 rs11077 in the control group of our study showed similar patterns to the results in the control groups of previous reports regarding lung cancer and breast cancer in Korea [26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1935, "input_1": "U-box domain does not depend on zinc binding to keep its stability, but have evolved instead networks of hydrogen bonds and salt bridges formed by the corresponding residues at metal ligand positions (Hatakeyama et al., 2001; Nordquist et al., 2010; Wiborg et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1936, "input_1": "We also assess the rate of convergence of the OFO algorithm in a pure online learning setup.3\n The online learner A in OFO was implemented in different ways, using Logistic Regression (LOGREG), the classical Perceptron algorithm (PERCEPTRON) [13] and an online linear SVM called PEGASOS [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1937, "input_1": "…represent a range of efficacy: morphine (intermediate efficacy), buprenorphine (relatively low efficacy), and etorphine (relatively high efficacy) (Emmerson et al. 1996; Selley et al. 1998) on the hot-plate and tail-flick tests under conditions previously described (Paronis and Holtzman 1991;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1938, "input_1": "The model was generated on the basis of the kinetics data in Figure 1 and Figure S2, previously reported kinetics data [17,18], and a crystal structure study of the ATP-RT complex [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1939, "input_1": "There are some exact [6, 4] and population based approaches [7] for finding the bulge knee.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1940, "input_1": "(3) The maximum diameter of the postoperative cavity was greater than 15 mm [14] for avoiding of partial volume effect when measuring, such as adjacent cerebrospinal fluid, the parenchyma FLAIR high signal intensity surrounding the cavity, as well as vessels, etc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1941, "input_1": ", 2005); others indicate that, byactivating Jak/STATindependent pathways, IFN-γ induces the nuclear translocation of both NF-κB and IRF-1 (Kim et al., 2004; Park et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1942, "input_1": "The SNF1 gene (also known as CCR1 or CAT1) is essential for derepression of these genes [3–5], and sequencing and expression studies have revealed that SNF1 encodes a protein kinase [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1943, "input_1": "To construct the wild-type strain containing the plasmid pCap1GFP [24], the plasmid was transformed into DAY1, obtaining the strain DAY1 ? pCap1-GFP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1944, "input_1": "The results of Todd et al. (2004) also show that there is a very high correlation between the ground truth and the adjusted depth of the near and far points for all the orientations of the planar cuts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1945, "input_1": "95 USD) per capita in 2010 based on survey in 17 sample centers and model estimation [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1946, "input_1": "(9) have demonstrated an almost complete inhibition of ROI production in mice null deficient for PKC .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1947, "input_1": "Our results show that dynein arms are apparently intact after elastase treatment, whereas trypsin induces fragmentation of the HCs, as has previously been reported (Ogawa, 1973; Ow et al., 1987; Inaba, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1948, "input_1": "DRS scores as reported were adjusted for participant age and education (Age and Education Corrected Moan’s Scaled Score, or “AEMSS”; according to the DRS reference manual; www.psychassessments.com).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1949, "input_1": "This result was in accordance with the\n findings that oxidation could impair water-binding in meat (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, 2005; Morzel et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1950, "input_1": "…Comparative algorithms\nMost of exiting dynamic evolutionary algorithms were applied to moving peaks benchmark problem (MPB) (Mendes and Mohais 2005; Bui et al. 2005; Blackwell and Branke 2006; Moser and Hendtlass 2007; Woldesenbet and Yen 2009; Daneshyari and Yen 2011; Li and Yang 2012; Sharifi et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1951, "input_1": "[10] present the obstruction-free step complexity which is the maximum number of steps that an operation needs to perform if no other processes are taking steps.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1952, "input_1": "For example, the design in [103] uses a 1 bit counter in each pixel and reaches a dynamic range of 90 dB when operated at high speed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1953, "input_1": "Accumulating evidence indicates that NSAIDs have pleiotropic effects in many cell types, and therefore may have a therapeutic role in several conditions including prevention and treatment of certain types of cancer,([36]) and in prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease.([22]) It has been demonstrated previously that Ibuprofen, as well as other NSAIDs, activate PPARγ in several cell types.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1954, "input_1": "…dual tasking adversely affects multiple aspects of gait in patients with PD and in older adult idiopathic fallers (i.e., those elderly who fall without any clear reason) (Bond and Morris 2000; Camicioli et al. 1998; O’Shea et al. 2002; Yogev et al. 2005; Springer et al. 2006; Bloem et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1955, "input_1": "Northern blotting\n The ORF sequence for HvNAS1 (AB010086) was used to create an HvNAS1 probe (Suzuki et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1956, "input_1": "…H0) between monospecific and mixed patches were assumed when the 95 % confidence intervals did not overlap 100 samples (Badano and Cavieres 2006); when the number of samples was less than 100, we used the extrapolation routine proposed by Colwell et al. (2012) to obtain S0 and H0 to 100 samples.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1957, "input_1": "These effects of locomotion on the baseline activity of Sst interneurons confirm some previous results (Polack et al., 2013) but they appear to disagree with other measurements (Fu et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1958, "input_1": "Similarly, we chose not to estimate demand using the method laid out by Davis [5] due to potentially confounding instances when neighbours increase water availability as seen in studies of facilitation [37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1959, "input_1": "Moreover, CNT have a great pollutant adsorption capacity and may in the future be explored for bioremediation purposes [33-38,53,65-72].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1960, "input_1": "For example, the contributions of the EGF and HRG bound HER1HER3 dimer to the EGFR and HER3 phosphorylation signals at the cell surface are respectively expressed as [R13EHs]*pf13ehs and [R13EHs]*pf31ehs where [R13EHs] is the dimer abundance and pf13ehs and pf31ehs are cell surface phosphorylation factors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1961, "input_1": "These results are in accordance with observations made for translocation of Foxo3a from the nuclei of oocytes during follicle activation of mice and pigs (Castrillon et al., 2003; Ding et al., 2010) but differs for Foxo3a immunodetection in pre-granulosa cells from primordial follicles of other species (Tarnawa et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1962, "input_1": "For bji in (16) represents the interference from the other D2D pairs that share spectrum resources with user j and user i [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1963, "input_1": "FREAD was applied to model the missing loops [49], and finally, I-TASSER was applied to model all the rest missing residues [50].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1964, "input_1": "5-HT-evoked currents recorded from outside-out patches excised fromHEK-293 cells expressing WT 5-HT3A receptors resemble miniature whole cell currents with no discernible unitary events (3, 5, 7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1965, "input_1": "Vol. 74, Nr. 9, 2009—JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE E537\nE:Food Engineering & PhysicalProperties\nSynchronous spectroscopy of meat . . .\nwell with the characteristics of tryptophan fluorescence spectra (Boubellouta and Dufour 2008), which is present in meat proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1966, "input_1": "Some of the reasons for the discrepancies include lateral and elevational motion (Kallel et al. 1997) and frequencydependent attenuation (Varghese and Ophir 1997c), low SNRs, nonhomogeneity of the phantoms, and nonuniform compression.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1967, "input_1": "play a role in proper preprocambium formation (Carland et al., 1999; Carland and Nelson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1968, "input_1": "out mainly in rural areas of Tenerife [2], along with the high prevalence of P.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1969, "input_1": "Whether Arctic clouds have a net warming or cooling effect depends on the time of year and location (Garrett et al., 2002; Garrett and Zhao, 2006; Lubin and Vogelmann, 2007; Sedlar et al., 2010; Shupe and Intrieri, 2004; Tjernström, 2005; Wang and Key, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1970, "input_1": "Unitarymicroscopic currents are too small to be directly resolved using conventional electrophysiological recording techniques (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1971, "input_1": "014-inch guidewire as described (14,15); 2) after the wire connected the 2 large blood vessels, we implanted a covered stent (“endograft”) to bridge the 2 vessels; and 3) BMS anchoring was used as an SVC end-to-end anastomosis landing zone and to secure the right PA end-to-side anastomosis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1972, "input_1": "8-kb human COX-2 cDNA containing the entire coding region of human COX-2 was inserted into the first exon of the human growth hormone gene controlled by the mouse albumin enhancer/promoter (14, 15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1973, "input_1": "The leader appears to promote transcription towards the repeats (Brouns et al., 2008; Hale et al., 2008; Lillestøl et al., 2006, 2009; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), generating the RNAs that constitute the molecular base of the interference action (Brouns et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1974, "input_1": "The results of behavioral analyses are consistent with published data reporting that the Ts65Dn mice show normal or hyperactive exploration in the open filed (Coussons-Read and Crnic, 1996; Martínez-Cué et al., 2002; Faizi et al., 2011; Incerti et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1975, "input_1": "This may include looking for signs that are more prevalent in malignant cases, such as feeder vessels, gelatinous appearance and leukoplakia [Figure 1].[8,18] These signs as well as others could be used to help develop a diagnostic algorithm, as proposed by Nguena et al, to help clinicians identify OSSN and know when to appropriately refer for more specialized care.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1976, "input_1": "These included a shortened version of the Extended Mental State Exam [25] (SF-EMSE), letter cancellation task [26] as used in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS) [27], Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) [28], Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Paired Associates Learning Test (CANTAB-PAL) [29-31], Visual Sensitivity Test (VST) to assess visual impairment deficits contributing to cognitive impairment [32] Short National Adult Reading Test (Short-NART) [33] and a test for prospective memory (also as described in MRC CFAS) [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1977, "input_1": "This negative correlation, such that more positive mean PBR occurred concurrently with a more negative mean NBR, is in agreement with previous studies (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002), suggesting that the magnitude of ipsilateral inhibition increases with the magnitude of increasing contralateral excitation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1978, "input_1": "…amount of antibiotics in wastewater and/or in ponds by fish farmers without regulations and/or in agriculture These finding are similar to those of (Kusuda and Sugiyama, 1981) who showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis which present in the aquatic environment originated from water (or fish) rather…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1979, "input_1": "Thus, in HEK293 cells, FGF23 and FGF2 activate distinct FGFR adaptor proteins, which could explain their differential downstream signaling in cardiac myocytes (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1980, "input_1": "It was suggested that the protective and rescue effect of ( )-deprenyl is unrelated to the inhibition of MAO-B enzyme activity (Finnegan, 1990; Ansari et al., 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1981, "input_1": "The concept of functional repair was first introduced by Burkhart and colleagues in the early 1990’s [2,16-18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1982, "input_1": "There are various reports regarding tobacco consumption from different parts of India, i.e., 1.9% in\n New Delhi to 75% in Mizoram;[8] the total prevalence of tobacco consumption in the present study was found to be 48.8% [Table 1], this finding is significantly higher than the reports of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2009 (14.6%),[3] 2006 (13.7%),[1] and 2003 (16.9%).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1983, "input_1": "Quantification of the α-subunit of H,K-ATPase exhibits a characteristic translocation typically seen in histamine-stimulated secreting parietal cells (11,18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1984, "input_1": "This prompts speculation that non-neuronal defects observed following exposure to chemical AChE inhibitors reflect off-target effects (Behra et al., 2004) or that in vitro morphogenetic functions of AChE are irrelevant/redundant in vivo (Cousin et al., 2005; Johnson et al., 2008b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1985, "input_1": "This concurs with previous studies which have addressed this question (40, 53), the results of which have piqued the idea that estrogen receptor b, expressed in lung cancer cells, may be causal to this observation (54, 55), though various other hypotheses have also been suggested (56).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 1986, "input_1": "We assessed participants’ dehumanization of Arabs by using\nthe Ascent scale of blatant dehumanization (Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1987, "input_1": "As ectotherms, they are active and feed during the cooler times of the day, usually from dawn until mid-morning and from mid-afternoon until dusk [39], [40], [41].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1988, "input_1": "when there is an expectation of a reward than on trials when there is none (Murray et al. 2008; Pessiglione et al. 2006), reflecting an increased motivation to obtain rewards.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1989, "input_1": "Currently, high-throughput methods to screen high-producer cells have been developed [48, 49]; including automated systems such as colony picking and the Cello systems [50].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1990, "input_1": "Pd of turtles and lizards also have Enk-IR neurons and has a peculiar, very dense, Enk-IR-containing terminal area in its core (our data, [47, 67].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1991, "input_1": "Hybridization, normalization, and signal acquisition were performed as previously described according to the Affymetrix protocol (23, 33).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1992, "input_1": "All speech was recorded using a head-mounted microphone while the participants were connected to a Finometer [4], a device that enables continuous monitoring of CV parameters in a non-intrusive manner, i.e., by using a finger-cuff.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1993, "input_1": "We augment phrase tables only with synthetic phrases that capture simulated ASR errors, the methodology that we advocate, however, is applicable to many problems in translation (Tsvetkov et al., 2013a; Ammar et al., 2013; Chahuneau et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1994, "input_1": "A constant-phase model (25) was employed to compute Raw (“Raw-FOT”), in addition to tissue resistance (Gti) and elastance (Hti) coefficients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1995, "input_1": "…fabric is a quasiperiodic fabric with a small (1–5 km) characteristic wavelength, and hence arises from deformation of a layer of smaller effective mechanical thickness than the longer-wavelength (5 to >30 km) folds [Hansen and Willis, 1996, 1998; Phillips and Hansen, 1998; Ghent and Hansen, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1996, "input_1": "The presence of such micro-cracks provides a potent site for fatigue cracks to nucleate under high-cycle fatigue loading (Peters et al., 2000, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1997, "input_1": "Indeed, compounds such as methyl benzene, ethylbenzene, 1-octene, xylenes, styrene and 1,4 dichlorobenzene have been found in packaged food (Lau and Wong 2000; Nerì et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 1998, "input_1": "We compare our full algorithm to several variants, along with recent [2] and concurrent work [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 1999, "input_1": "Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were measured from the date of diagnosis and were estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method[21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2000, "input_1": "3 MYago the major tributaries of the Ganges in Punjab were gradually re-routed into the Indus (Clift and Blusztajn 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2001, "input_1": "’s [14] study possibly because, in addition to following their dietary regimen, subjects in D were weighed weekly to ensure a body weight loss of 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2002, "input_1": "…local protein translation is required for growth cone responses to guidance cues remains unresolved as a result of conflicting findings from different neuronal populations (Piper et al., 2006; Yao et al., 2006; Lin and Holt, 2007; Bouchard et al., 2008; Lang et al., 2008; Roche et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2003, "input_1": "A closed-loop relay test scheme was proposed in [15] which identifies directly the crossover frequency (the frequency at which the loop gain is equal to 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2004, "input_1": "This series represents a very high risk group as lower body weight, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, more severe PRISM scores, the need for greater inotropic support, and more severe fluid overload, are associated with increased risk of mortality for children receiving CRRT [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2005, "input_1": "To overcome this problem, sliding mode control has been widely used as one of the precise and robust algorithms [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2006, "input_1": "[48] reported another negative result of GRHL2 susceptibility with ARHI, the samples in this study having a higher proportion of flat-shaped audiograms might be also a reason of the different results in these two researchs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2007, "input_1": "Preclinical work by Dyrby et al. (2013) highlights the benefits of such strong gradients and the first results from the Connectome scanner (McNab et al., 2013; Duval et al., 2014; Ferizi et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2015) are now starting to verify those findings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2008, "input_1": "While gene duplications in the MADS-box transcription factor family likely contributed to the earliest floral development regulatory networks [11,12,16-19], it is not clear whether these were single gene duplications or the product of polyploidization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2009, "input_1": "Mammalian Rap1 isoforms are perhaps best known for regulating integrinbased cell matrix adhesion (Bos, 2005; Kim et al., 2011), but Rap1 also regulates cell–cell AJs in both Drosophila and mice (Kooistra et al., 2007; Boettner and Van Aelst, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2010, "input_1": "The tests were as follows: the C-MMSE [13], the LMT [18], the RCFT [19], the Boston Naming Test (the 30-item version) [20,21], the Animal Verbal Fluency Test [22], the Symbol Digit Modalities Test [23], the Trail Making Test–", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2011, "input_1": "The stringency level was specified so that analog plasma profiles achieving the criteria match their referent more closely than did those obtained using the nonlinear mixed-effects approach [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2012, "input_1": "…report also has important implications for drug development and future clinical management of patients with CKD. Previously, we reported that delivery of a pan-FGFR inhibitor could prevent development\nC\nof LVH and reverse established LVH in rats with CKD (Di Marco et al., 2014; Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2013, "input_1": "The dat-1(ok157) strain was a gift of J. Duerr and J. Rand (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation) Mutant lines were initially screened using single worm PCR (24, 25) with oligos directed to the gene of interest.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2014, "input_1": "Previous reports have shown that the indiscriminate use of axillary ultrasound alone or in combination with fine needle aspiration or core biopsies in all breast cancer patients is not practical or cost-effective [12, 13, 16, 26– 31]; however, as stressed in this review, when this approach is targeted to a breast cancer population at higher risk for axillary metastases, the approach is not only clinically justified but is also cost-effective [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2015, "input_1": "TNFalso upregulated several growth factors and proteins associated with cell cycle progression, but downregulated proteins associated with cell cycle inhibition, including CEBP- (Table 1) (18), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (p18), growtharrest specific 1 (19,20), and growth-arrest and DNAdamage–inducible- gene (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2016, "input_1": "2003), and in which NAS activity is suppressed by the introduction of an antisense Arabidopsis NAS gene (Herbik et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2017, "input_1": "The subjects with AD met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition Revised) (DSM-IIIR) criteria of dementia [14] and were clinically diagnosed by a dementia investigative team as having probable late-onset AD according to criteria from the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2018, "input_1": "Finally, to confirm that our protocol of ischemic preconditioning is, as previously described [3, 9, 27], dependent on RISK and/or SAFE activation, we tested the effectiveness of both drugs to attenuate protection in hearts from Cx43 mice treated with vehicle (n = 4/group).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2019, "input_1": "Lens removal (Tigges et al., 1992) and atropine instillation (Hendrickson et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2020, "input_1": "However, it was found that the behaviors on the insulator surface showed nonlinear properties during the flashover process [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2021, "input_1": "…3 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) PD98059 prevents MEK activation by Raf 4–50 50 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) U126 inhibits activated MEK 0.058–0.072 0.3 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002)\nPI3K Wortmannin catalytic subunit 0.005 0.01 Fisher et al. (1998); Nauc et al. (2004) Akt Akt inhibitor…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2022, "input_1": "Although there is limited evidence concerning the role of PPAR-α on memory and cognition, our results are in line with previous studies showing that systemic administrations of OEA, URB597, or WY14643 (a PPAR-α agonist) facilitate learning processes and enhance retention of inhibitory avoidance task through activation of PPAR-α (Campolongo et al., 2009a; Mazzola et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2023, "input_1": "Anamnesis was structured according to ICCS recommendations [1, 2] and followed by a complete clinical examination, completion of sleep disorders questionnaires (Berlin Questionnaire, Children’s Sleep Disorders Scale and Epworth Scale) [18–20], evaluation of balance and completion by patients and their caregivers of a quality of life questionnaire [Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2024, "input_1": "Today, naltrexone is often considered an effective and recommendable medication for gambling addiction (Grant et al., 2003; Kim, Grant, Adson, & Shin, 2001; National Center for Responsible Gambling [NCRG], 2009; Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Center, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2025, "input_1": "Our ISCA 2012 paper [66] provides a detailed evaluation of SALP-1, SALP-2, and MASA, including:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2026, "input_1": "EPA is also shown to attenuate renal fibrosis and TGF- 1 expression in a diabetic mice model (44).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2027, "input_1": "These were described using standard SIFT descriptors [16] and clustered to a vocabulary of 2,000 visual words using K-means (these features are also publicly available3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2028, "input_1": "IL-10 is also considered to be an anti-inflammatory cytokine, but in contrast to most anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 concentrations increases during endurance exercise in thermoneutral conditions (Nieman et al. 2012; Peake et al. 2005, 2008; Svendsen et al. 2014) and increases further when exercise is conducted in a hot laboratory environment (Peake et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2029, "input_1": "Griffiths et al. (2007) demonstrate that the Topic model outperforms LSA in predicting word association and several other semantic phenomena.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2030, "input_1": "In addition, our results seem to support the previous studies’ results that both training programs produced statistical significance on functional outcomes.[33-37]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2031, "input_1": "Protein concentrations were determined using the DC™ protein assay following the manufacturer’s instructions with bovine serum albumin as standard (Bio-Rad, Mississauga, Ontario) [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2032, "input_1": "…in the tree-cover product was selected with the assumption that pixels with at least 10% tree cover have the potential to be classified as forest under natural conditions, in order to account for the deforestation that has occurred during the last decades (Liu et al., 2001; Viña et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2033, "input_1": "This constitutes an improvement over previous synoptic giant panda habitat evaluations in which the presence of understory bamboo was ignored (Liu et al., 2001; Loucks et al., 2003; Viña et al., 2007) due to the difficulty in isolating its signal from that of overstory canopy (Linderman et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2034, "input_1": "Using the previously validated methodology for measuring mental workload, [20] any response to the vibration stimulus of more than the upper limit of normal (1350 ms) was regarded as evidence of cognitive overload.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2035, "input_1": "5 mm 24 mm), fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min, permeabilized with 20 mM NaOH for 45 s (Iwatani et al., 2005), and washed twice with PBS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2036, "input_1": "…the coexistence of diagnostic indices of both normal and reduced systolic function is common and difficult to reconcile in HFpEF (Tan et al. 2009; Norman et al. 2011; Hiemstra et al. 2013; Marshall et al. 2013) and results from this study contribute to this interesting and often observed paradox.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2037, "input_1": "Model equations and approaches for analyzing the kinetic behavior of multienzymatic systems in the presence of an inhibitor, either with or without spontaneous reactivation, have been recently reviewed (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2038, "input_1": "These results, similar to those obtained by Ananthanarayanan et al [17] in cell proliferation and by Helpap [18] in α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase expression pattern, give support to the presence of a field effect in prostatic carcinogenesis, both in the CyPs and RPs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2039, "input_1": "In this work, network oscillations in theta band are investigated by evaluating the summed membrane potentials of the neurons (Pedroarena and Llinas 1997) (this is equivalent to using a summation of synaptic currents as illustrated in Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2040, "input_1": "My results give one way to interpret the empirical evidence from Baker et al. (2012) that suggests that fiscal policy uncertainty has been an important force behind the fall in consumption, investment, and output that we have seen during the Great Recession. In addition, my model is consistent with the relatively small effects reported by Fernández-Villaverde et al. (2012b) and Born and Pfeifer (2011) since both studies do not consider the impact of the ZLB.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2041, "input_1": "The participants tested in the present study were comparable to similar groups of older men tested in our laboratory; the sVO2p values in the full step (44 ± 11 s), which are greater than those generally reported for healthy younger adults (*20–30 s) (DeLorey et al. 2004; Gurd et al. 2006, 2008; Murias et al. 2010), are similar to pretraining values recently reported (43 ± 11 s) by Murias et al. (2010) in a study of older men of the same age and fitness (age, 68 ± 7 years, VO2peak, 2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2042, "input_1": "A major concern that remains is the loss of follicles associated with the stripping procedure (Brosens et al., 1996; Donnez et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2043, "input_1": "Unlike earlysenescencent maize and cotton, the late senescent cultivars had more cytokinins and less ABA in leaves and roots (He et al. 2005; Dong et al. 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2044, "input_1": "Patient related factors Arrhythmia / Atrial fibrillation [5, 9, 16, 20, 21, 28, 34, 35]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2045, "input_1": "[20] we believe it is important for further research to consider other groupings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2046, "input_1": "Drieghe et al. (2008) also demonstrated that such effects are most likely to arise on fixations that are within a few character positions of the parafoveal word.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2047, "input_1": "This set of documents has been used before to evaluate coreference resolution sys-\ntems in (Poon and Domingos, 2008; Haghighi and Klein, 2009; Raghunathan et al., 2010), with the best results so far obtained by the deterministic sieve system of Lee at al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2048, "input_1": "So far in the literature only the result for aversion to ambiguity had been established in the case of a perpetual option (Nishimura and Ozaki, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2049, "input_1": "I-SSGPR is trained with 200 and 400 sparse spectrum features, indicated as I-SSGPR200(400), where 200 features is the optimal design choice according to [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2050, "input_1": "2 is that, in the terminology of Mazur [12], we can compute both first and second twists of the universal family above X(n).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2051, "input_1": "SphK1 catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine-1phosphate (S1P), thus decreasing the level of pro-apoptosis ceramide and increasing pro-survival S1P production [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2052, "input_1": "D222G, the mutation found in a virus isolate from a dead case (CBI10), is previously shown to be associated with the more virulent phenotype in humans and mice [19,21,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2053, "input_1": "Suwazono et al.,\n2006, Japan\nMale employees\nin steel industries 2426 shift, 3203 day\nMean age:\nShift 37.7 (SD 8.8) Day 35.1 (SD 9.9)\nRotating\nnight-shift\nType 2 diabetes HbA1c 6.0% 10 years OR¼ 1.35 (CI 1.05–1.75)\nmultivariate adj.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2054, "input_1": "Previous quantitative genetic studies showed that the anaemia control measured by packed cell volume (PCV) is heritable and highly correlated with productivity (Trail et al. 1991a,b, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2055, "input_1": "Considering the non-ideal estimator, new algorithms were proposed [12]–[15] taking into account the erroneous CSI estimation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2056, "input_1": "Typhimurium entry into M cells, as previous studies have shown an absence of PECAM-1 expression on in vitro cultured M-cell-like cells (25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2057, "input_1": "As sequence data (from different organisms) are not sufficient for this purpose, several alternative approaches were suggested as compromises between using multigenes and using multiorganisms (e.g., Wray et al. 1996; Doolittle et al. 1996; Nikoh et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2058, "input_1": "We further investigated the propionylation sites identified in our previous report, which presented the prevalent lysine propionylation sites in T. thermophilus (Okanishi et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2059, "input_1": "The problem is completely solved in the i.i.d case, however, it is not easy to check effectively, since it has been proved in Blondel et al. (2000) that computing the Lyapunov exponents is an NP-hard problem.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2060, "input_1": "Various other reports that found Nestin expression in progenitor cells of diverse tissue types may suggest that this marker is indicative of a general precursor cell rather than one specifically committed to a neural lineage (About et al., 2000; Ha et al., 2003; Mokry and Nemecek, 1998; Niki et al., 1999; Sejersen and Lendahl, 1993; Zulewski et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2061, "input_1": "In the other patient, pump migration within the abdominal wall interfered with bladder function and necessitated surgery to reposition the device (40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2062, "input_1": "We have shown previously that the kidneys of NZB/W mice express a number of inflammatory mediators at the onset of proteinuria and that some of these decrease to prenephritic levels after remission induction, suggesting that they are biomarkers for active renal inflammation (19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2063, "input_1": "Consistent with previous results (Koroch et al. 2002; Liu et al. 2002; Staniszewska et al. 2003; Washida et al. 2004), the addition of IBA at optimum levels enhanced the growth of HRC of Echinacea but had no effect on the production of secondary metabolites.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2064, "input_1": "1 (chr2:172,788,173-174,646,059) in proband 06, detected previously in this proband using aCGH [11], was independently detected in our WGS analyses and now shown to represent a de novo structural variant.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2065, "input_1": "In the testis, we have previously detected the expression of classical b-catenin signalling class Wnts, notably Wnt1 and Wnt2b [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2066, "input_1": "Moreover, in agreement with those of some authors [17, 21], but in contrast to those of others [15, 16, 22], our results showed no significant relationships between the glucocorticoid CD and QUS parameters.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2067, "input_1": "In agreement with previously reported data (48, 53), RA treatment of the neuroblast-like (N-type) and RA-sensitive SY5Y and KCNR cell lines caused a marked morphological differe tiation characterized by the extension of neurites exceeding at least twice the length of the cell soma clearly detectable after 4 days (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2068, "input_1": "Quality of the analyzed RNA samples was evaluated using electropherograms obtained from microcapillary electrophoresis\nmicrocapillary electrophoretic RNA separation (by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer) showed higher sensitivity for the assessment of RNA quality (Schroeder et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2069, "input_1": "The spike protein of CoVs is a membrane glycoprotein that contains important antigenic determinants and neutralizing epitopes and plays a key role in mediating the entry of the CoVs into host cells through receptor binding and membrane fusion (Cruz et al, 2008; Sun et al, 2008; Li, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2070, "input_1": "Line and hard were chosen because they have served in various WSD studies to date (e.g., Leacock et al., 1993) and a corpus of occurrences of these words from the Wall Street Journal corpus was generously made available for comparison.2 Serve, another word frequently used in these studies, did not…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2071, "input_1": "…protein pattern differential analysis\nTotal proteins were extracted from the shoots of two biological replicates corresponding to different pots (for treatments i, ii, and iii) and separated by 2-DE; MS/MS analysis and protein identification were performed as described in Farinati et al. (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2072, "input_1": "At the end of a 20-min stabilization period, Ca(21)dependent contractile reserve was assessed as described by our laboratory (8,10,14,16).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2073, "input_1": "The economic costs of physical inactivity are evaluated using the cost-ofillness approach,2 where the medical and non-medical costs of NCDs associated with inactivity are evaluated (Oldridge, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2074, "input_1": "The estimation of glomerular function by this formula may be superior to that based on creatinine clearance in children (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2075, "input_1": "All our experimental settings match previous work (Yamada and Matsumoto, 2003; McDonald et al., 2005; Koo et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2076, "input_1": "(13) assumed the trunk to be one cylinder and obtained the Z value using a network circuit model with the detector electrodes on both sides of knee and elbow.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2077, "input_1": "For example, increased Fe (Smith et al., 2010) and Zn (Religa et al., 2006) have been observed in the cortex of human AD patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2078, "input_1": "See Pascalis et al. (2005) for details regarding image properties and editing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2079, "input_1": "or in any medium, provided the original work is p the formation and evolution of meteorite parent bodies (Ebihara et al. 2011; Nagao et al. 2011; Nakamura et al. 2011; Noguchi et al. 2011; Tsuchiyama et al. 2011; Yurimoto et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2080, "input_1": "1996) survey; (2) at least one twin reported that he had children born between 1974 and 1988; and (3) at least one twin met criteria for a lifetime diagnoses of DSM-III-R alcohol dependence (for COA) or drug dependence (for TAP) (as determined by the HDS; Tsuang et al. 1996), or both twins were part of a random sample of non-substance dependent control pairs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2081, "input_1": "Finally, if there is a significant association between a candidate SNP and BPF, we performed causal pathway analyses using Cooper’s Local Causal Discovery algorithm [28] to determine whether the relationships between candidate SNP and BPF is mediated by T2LV.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2082, "input_1": "Our suggestion that the Andropogoneae of the Panicoid subfamily is monophyletic diVers from the results from the tb1 gene (Lukens and Doebley 2001), but is in agreement with reports based on other genes (Clark et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2083, "input_1": "The determination of model parameters (Mendes and Kell, 1998) and the transfer of in vitro determined parameters to in vivo conditions (van den Brink et al, 2008) is essential but very difficult.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2084, "input_1": "Notably, a large number of propionylation sites were found not only in T. thermophilus, as previously reported (Okanishi et al. 2014), but also in another thermophilic bacterium, G. kaustophilus (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2085, "input_1": "Also, some papillae from frontal eye field and dorsolateral pons core on the other side and papillae from flocus and cerebellum dorsal vermis are involved in it (Kuicken et al., 2001-2002; Lee et al., 2006; Parker et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2086, "input_1": "been shown to be long circulating, with or without extensive pegylation (26, 27).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2087, "input_1": "Mammalian UCEs have been linked to a diverse set of regulatory functions including transcriptional enhancers (Woolfe et al. 2005; Pennacchio et al. 2006; Lampe et al. 2008; Visel et al. 2008; Viturawong et al. 2013) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) (Feng et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2088, "input_1": "However, only Konkol and Konopı́k [11] evaluated their system according to the CoNLL metric and reported an F-score performance of 74.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2089, "input_1": "Our results indicated that concentrations of CRP, Hp and SAA increased significantly in pigs infected with H1N2, but these increases were smaller than reported previously for various bacterial pig diseases (Heegaard et al., 1998; Sorensen et al., 2006; Pomorska-Mól et al., 2011a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2090, "input_1": "CXCR4 by various receptor tyrosine kinases has been linked to both normal and disease-related signaling in multiple cell types.(16-19) This transactivation often involves a physical association between receptors and site-specific phosphorylation of CXCR4 that activates various signaling outcomes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2091, "input_1": "Therefore, ScvO2 has become a metabolic monitoring parameter with extraordinary value in the resuscitation of septic shock patients and a cornerstone of an outcome-oriented algorithm such as early goal-directed therapy [3-5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2092, "input_1": "Velthuis et al. (2009) allowed us, through their study, to establish some similarities with the results of the present investigation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2093, "input_1": "Deciding what to ask and how is an indicator of machine understanding (Mostafazadeh et al., 2016), as demonstrated in machine comprehension (Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017b; Yuan et al., 2017) and question answering (Tang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2094, "input_1": "RNA isolation, reverse transcription-PCR, and northern analysis Total RNA was isolated from vegetative cells following the methods of Wilkerson et al. (1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2095, "input_1": "It is clear that ingressing furrows in both cytokinetic cells and the early fly embryo require membrane trafficking pathways as part of the furrowing mechanism (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000; Albertson et al., 2005; Prekeris and Gould, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2096, "input_1": "5 concentrations were computed for each participant using a hierarchical spatiotemporal model fit with a pragmatic estimation procedure described elsewhere [30,31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2097, "input_1": "Importantly, none of these studies have attempted to simultaneously examine the influences of individualand neighborhood-SES, the built environment, and the social dimensions of neighborhoods (Ding et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2098, "input_1": "We recently cloned, mapped and functionally characterized P450 1A5 (Yip and Coulombe, 2006) and 3A37 (Rawal et al., 2010b; Rawal et al., 2009) from turkey liver, which, like their human orthologs,\nproduced exo-AFBO, and the detoxified metabolites aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin Q1 (AFQ1),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2099, "input_1": "The study results are also consistent with the results of previous studies, in which the researchers found that SHS exposure significantly reduced neonate’s birth weight [27,34,37,49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2100, "input_1": "In a previous work (17), we studied the tumor-immune system dynamics in the presence of effector T (TE) cells that can potentially reject or induce the rejection of the tumor, and TR cells, by formulating a simple mathematical model for the interaction between a solid tumor and the lymphocytes on its adjacent lymph node.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2101, "input_1": "This approach – a kind of ‘Artificial Life route’ to self-organized criticality – could promote the development of conceptual models explaining how organisms are driven towards criticality in an abstract level, working as ‘proofs of concept’ (Barandiaran and Chemero, 2009) and supporting existing and future experimental findings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2102, "input_1": "Other studies have found that GAD patients have a lower level of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors on their T lymphocytes [36], suggesting that benzodiazepines (which are antianxiety drugs) may also exert a regulatory effect on immune function [37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2103, "input_1": "The existence of bona fide human naive pluripotent stem cells remains controversial, although various methods have been reported for maintaining hPSCs in states similar to those of mESCs (Hanna et al., 2010; Gafni et al., 2013; Chan et al., 2013; Takashima et al., 2014; Theunissen et al., 2014; Valamehr et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2014; Ware et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2015; Duggal et al., 2015; Hayashi et al., 2015; Qin et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2104, "input_1": "…(Buttle et al., 2006), and there are many examples of studies examining the adoption of mobile technology and mobile services (Balocco et al., 2009; Kim and Garrison, 2009; Liang et al., 2007), to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to combine these two perspectives in an…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2105, "input_1": "Pubertal stage was scored by trained nurses according to Tanner (24,25) as a means of controlling for differences among children in maturational development not captured in reference growth curves for BMI (26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2106, "input_1": "evolutionary transitions between different levels of carnivore sociality as well as insights into the mechanisms driving social evolution in general (Schneider and Kappeler 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2107, "input_1": "br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2108, "input_1": "However, one of the above studies included both not on ART and ART-experienced patients [17] and also was a secondary data analysis of 642 patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2109, "input_1": "The methods working directly on the count data can be broadly divided into parametric (baySeq [14], EBSeq [24], ShrinkSeq [27], edgeR [23], DESeq [7], NBPSeq [15] and TSPM [13]) and non-parametric methods (NOISeq [25] and SAMseq [26]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2110, "input_1": "A key in vitro finding was the increased release of cytochrome c, the molecular initiator of intrinsic apoptosis in many cancer cell lines, including: non-small cell lung carcinoma (H460) [16,17], squamous cell lung carcinoma (CH27) [18], hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2, HCCM, and Hep3B) [24], nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) [25,26], human neuroblastoma (SK-N-Be(2c) and SJ-N-KP) [27], premalignant keratinocytic (HaCaT) cells [33], skin fibroblast (Hs68) [33], epidermoid carcinoma (A431) [33], head and neck SCC (SCC25) [33], skin melanoma (A375) [33,34,36], and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-4) [40].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2111, "input_1": "Intradural xtramedullary metastatic lesions associated with primary tumors riginating outside the neuroaxis are uncommon, occurring in 5% of ll spinal metastasis [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2112, "input_1": "delayed in monoamine oxidase A-deficient (Tg8) neonatal mice that display high 5-HT levels in the CNS (Cazalets et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2113, "input_1": "The LDA parameters were estimated through variational Bayesian inference as described in Blei et al. (Blei, Ng, and Jordan 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2114, "input_1": "DBL1 (3D7 and 7G8), DBL1+2 FCR3, DBL2 FCR3, DBL3 (FCR3) and DBL5 (FCR3) were coupled at 1 mg/million microspheres [24]; FV2 was coupled at 3 mg protein/million microspheres based on previous optimization studies [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2115, "input_1": "However, CVP2 has higher catalytic activity than CVL1 in vitro and the cvp2 mutant shows early termination of vascular elongation, while the cvl1 mutant resembles wild type, suggesting an unequal redundancy in which CVP2 plays a more significant role in PtdIns(4,5)P2 degradation and PtdIns(4)P production (Carland and Nelson, 2009; Carland et al., 1999; Carland and Nelson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2116, "input_1": "The above equation is the starting point of absolute perspective pose estimation [8, 14, 13, 9]: given a set of 3D–2D point correspondences (xi ↔ Xi), one can recover the 3D rigid body transformation (R, t) : W → C acting between the world coordinate frame W and the camera coordinate frame C.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2117, "input_1": "The C2 motif contains the core sequence LXLXL, which is also present in the EAR repressor motif (Jin et al. 2000; Aharoni et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2118, "input_1": "It should be recognized nevertheless that the previously proposed formation and decay times of this hKL intermediate (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a) are now concluded to have been incorrect.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2119, "input_1": "Dissociative conscious sedation as a method with the characteristics of maintaining spontaneous ventilation, patient cooperation, patient comfort and enough amnesia has been reported in 2011 [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2120, "input_1": "The problem of maximizing the amount of data transmitted up to a certain point is considered in [29, 46, 77, 94].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2121, "input_1": "Among them, HWP1 and ALS3 encode adhesins and are activated by the transcriptional regulator Efg1 during hyphal formation (Argimón et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2122, "input_1": "Studies have shown that hyperuricemia could accelerate renal disease in the remnant kidney model and cyclosporine nephropathy [4, 7, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2123, "input_1": "By taking a qualitative approach to this part of the study and targeting registered nurses with appropriate experiences the study’s credibility was strengthened (Gabrielle et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2124, "input_1": "Although CD5 is a transmembrane molecule, a soluble form of human CD5 (shCD5) can be generated in activated T lymphocytes as a result of proteolytic cleavage [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2125, "input_1": "The downregulation of IL-12 and TNF-α by atRA could further redirect the immune balance toward immunoglobulin production and a humoral immune response as suggested by the studies in vitamin A deficient mice (53, 54) and the increased susceptibility of vitamin A deficient children to measles (7, 55).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2126, "input_1": "First, correlational and principal components analyses were used to examine the relationship between TVA parameters and performance on the Fixed and Ran-\ndom versions of the SART (Robertson et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2127, "input_1": "Previous studies have also shown that lower levels of BDNF were associated with lower levels of NPY in both rat brain and cultured neurons (Barnea and Roberts, 2001; Nawa et al., 1993, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2128, "input_1": "Our participants had performed the movements\n only twice during the intervention epoch while in the ‘expert’ studies participants had experienced motor training over years (Calvo-Merino et al., 2005, 2006; Haslinger et al., 2005), several days (Reithler et al., 2007) or weeks (Cross et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2129, "input_1": "…for comparing VBM pre-processing algorithms besides comparison to empirically derived information we report a qualitative comparison of our findings with well-established anatomical distribution patterns associated with AD pathology (Braak and Braak, 1991; Frisoni et al., 2010; Hyman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2130, "input_1": "Experiments on standard testbed videos demonstrate that our algorithm possesses comparable or superior performance comparing to the state-of-the-art approaches designed for specific applications [11, 9, 17, 18, 5, 13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2131, "input_1": "As TIMP-1 functions not only as a MMP-8 inhibitor, but also exerts proinflammatory and growth factor –like characteristics, it may promote inflammation and atherogenesis [19, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2132, "input_1": "Starting from this point, practically all free arachidonic acid that still remained in the medium and in the cells became complexed by serum albumin present in the medium (Dymkowska et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2133, "input_1": "Similar results were also observed by Potter et al. (1996) and Balmir et al. (1996) who reported that weaning hamsters consumed 6 to 7.5 gm of food daily that contained isolated soy protein.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2134, "input_1": "These results along with that reported by others [19,20] using error corrective feedback support KramerJohansen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2135, "input_1": "…et al., 2011), in the virulence\nof some bacteria like extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains,\nEdwardsiella tarda, or Salmonella typhimurium and plays a role\nin the biosynthesis of antibiotic and toxins (Dang et al., 2011;\nGarcie et al., 2016; Verbrugghe et al., 2015; Vivien et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2136, "input_1": "The loss of white matter following injury might be the result of the retraction or degeneration of injured descending fibres (Schwab and Bartholdi 1996), although this typically occurs over only short distances (Schnell and Schwab 1993) and therefore probably does not explain the loss seen in the present study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2137, "input_1": "The location of this plasticity is also consistent with previous functional imaging research showing cross-modal activity for visual motion stimuli in the right PTR (Cardin et al., 2013; Dewey and Hartley, 2015; Fine et al., 2005; Finney et al., 2001; Petitto et al., 2000; Sadato et al., 2005; Shiell et al., 2015a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2138, "input_1": "The partial mitochondrial control region (domains I and II) was amplified and sequenced as described in Kvist et al. (1999, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2139, "input_1": "ADAM8 expression in the thymus has previously been described [7,8,9,10,12,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2140, "input_1": "The colocalization of VGLUT2 with Cu terminals in the CN shown in this study confirms that the Cu pathway to the CN is glutamatergic and demonstrates that Cu projections, like those from Sp5 and the contralateral CN (Zhou et al., 2010) use VGLUT2 to mediate glutamate transport at both MF and SB terminal endings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2141, "input_1": "For example, because coral mucus provides an important carbon source for coral-associated bacteria (Ferrier-Pages et al. 2000; Brown and Bythell 2005; Wegley et al. 2007; Allers et al. 2008; Kimes et al. 2010), changes in production rates of mucus due to abiotic factors (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2142, "input_1": "Significant inhibition of CaM kinase II activity has been observed in many models of delayed neuronal cell death including whole animal models of ischemia (Taft et al., 1988; Churn et al., 1990b, 1992a; Zivin et al., 1991; Aronowski et al., 1992) and glutamate excitotoxicity in neuronal cultures (Churn et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2143, "input_1": "These results support the previous study in the M. fascicularis (Ruiz-Herrera et al., 2002a), where 51.14% of chromosome bands where ITSs are located express aphidicolin-induced fragile sites.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2144, "input_1": "Survivors noticed cognitive changes during and after chemotherapy treatment [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2145, "input_1": "[KOOS], pedometry studies, and gait analyses) [8, 10, 15, 23, 30], and cost-to-utility (ie, cost-to-quality adjusted lifeyears) [21, 22, 26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2146, "input_1": "However, consistent with previous reports [24], IFN-γ was undetectable in PEL lines, suggesting this is not a contributing mechanism.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2147, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with the findings by Roger (1995), although his work was done in rice production systems and with different legume species.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2148, "input_1": "study reaches = 10) to perform a depletion removal study to estimate actual abundance of Okaloosa darters (Dorazio et al. 2005) and evaluate accuracy of visual surveys.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2149, "input_1": "For neuronal differentiation of the neurospheres, they were partially dissociated as above and seeded on polylysine/ laminin-coated coverslips in neurogenic medium containing DMEM/F12 (1:1), B27 supplement (1:50, Invitrogen,USA), glutamine 2 mM, 50 U/ml penicillin, 50 μg/ml streptomycin, and 10 ng/ml mNGF (Alomone), as previously reported in [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2150, "input_1": "nanotubes may be released intentionally in the future, as they are been explored for remediation and water cleaning purposes [33-38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2151, "input_1": "This is consistent with reports that miR-155 is downstream of several molecules necessary for induction of the M1 phenotype, such as TLRs [50] or Akt2 activity [51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2152, "input_1": "This protective effect of FGF21 against obesity is consistent with the results of a previous report using DIO mice((30,31)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2153, "input_1": "These results are consistent with preclinical studies\n showing binding to both D3 and D2 receptors in vivo (Gyertyán et al. 2011) and preferential binding to D3 receptors in vitro (Kiss et al. 2010) as well as PET studies in nonhuman primates (Seneca et al. 2011; Toth et al. 2013) and humans (Keator…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2154, "input_1": "However, neither IL-4 nor IL-13 plays a consistently suppressive role; their effects appear model and/or Leishmania species dependent (22, 23, 27, 30, 31, 49, 53, 56, 57).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2155, "input_1": "132 outflow from the superficial towards the deep system, several studies[6,7,11] have suggested that the absence of direct communications between the SIEV and the DIEV through venous perforators could favor congestion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2156, "input_1": "Typically, case studies combine data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, questionnaires, and document and text analysis (Darke, Shanks & Broadbent, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2157, "input_1": "fumigatus encodes two transcription factors, hapX and sreA, that maintain iron homeostasis whereby hapX represses sreA expression and subsequently ironconsuming pathways, and activates siderophore biosynthesis during iron-starvation, while sreA represses hapX during iron-sufficient conditions in a negative feedback loop [35,56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2158, "input_1": "The two focused ultrasound beams A and B are excited at the same source pressure and at the angular frequencies xa = x0 Dx/2 and xb = x0 + Dx/2, where x0 = 2pf0 and Dx are the center and modulation angular frequencies, respectively, such that Dx x0 (f0 being the center frequency) [3,4,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2159, "input_1": "These results might be interpreted based on the previous observations that testosterone supplementation can decrease total cholesterol levels without affecting HDL-cholesterol levels (53,55).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2160, "input_1": "Although other metabolic engineering efforts in amino acid metabolism such as over expressing glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase resulted in improved total free amino acids and growth phenotypes in transgenic plants (Ameziane et al., 2000; Migge et al., 2000; Chichkova et al., 2001; Fuentes et al., 2001; Oliveira et al., 2002; Fu et al., 2003), the bacterial L-aspartate-a-decarboxylase was not previously expressed in transgenic", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2161, "input_1": "The findings in literature, confirmed by the results obtained in this study, relate significantly low self-confidence in the possibility to stop smoking [31–33] and low adherence to therapeutic program [3, 24, 34] with failure in therapy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2162, "input_1": "[77] found that TGF-ß induced apoptosis in KATO-III but not in other cell lines, such as MKN-l, MKN-28, MKN-45,", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2163, "input_1": "2002) and mice lacking the placenta-specific Igf2 transcript show IUGRaswell as placentas that are small and have altered nutrient transport (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004; Sferruzzi-Perri et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2164, "input_1": "Sixth, patients are simply not interested [4], but it is not clear whether patients are not interested in the telehealth intervention or the research itself.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2165, "input_1": "While it is clear that it increases progression-free survival in high grade tumors, the literature is mixed on overall survival [4-5, 10, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2166, "input_1": "We compare KCDML not only with the state-of-art methods including our current work—CDML [38], Huang's method [43] and PCA combined with RBF (PCA-RBF) [43], but also with important baseline methods, such as PCA Kernel PCA (KPCA), LPP, Kernel LPP (KLPP) [44] and LDA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2167, "input_1": "Hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal rate were calculated for the basal period and the steady-state portion of the glucose clamp using the Steele equation for steady-state conditions (23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2168, "input_1": "Adequate empiric antimicrobial treatment was defined as antibiotic therapy administered within 24 hours after blood culture samples were obtained which the microorganism was susceptible [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2169, "input_1": "The types of complex genetic interactions between duplicated homeologous loci which are possible after polyploidization are best documented in plants, where allopolyploidy in particular is a pervasive phenomenon (Otto and Whitton 2000; Wendel 2000; Doyle and Egan 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2170, "input_1": "This is a standard way of assessing relative competitive ability (Santos et al. 1992; Fellowes et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2171, "input_1": "In the rest of the article, the discussed protocols already possess the aforementioned characteristics, as elaborated by the MANET WG in [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2172, "input_1": "Wolff (1996) obtained similar results, although in previous works (Wolff et al., 1995) no differences between cultivars were detected.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2173, "input_1": "The major route of excretion in mammals is via the urine (Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1996, 1997), and the main metabolite of p-DCB is 2,5-DCP, which is excreted both as the free substance and in conjugated forms (as sulfate or glucuronide) in the urine (Azouz et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2174, "input_1": "All 7 transabdominal ultrasound studies [24,27,57–61] 11 of 22 [28,30,41–44,48,50–52,55] EUS studies used contrast enhancement.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2175, "input_1": "To date, CSC markers of endometrial cancer have been identified, including CD133, CD44 and ALDH1 [7, 22, 35, 36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2176, "input_1": "Further, fruiting patterns vary seasonally and geographically in the eastern humid forests of Madagascar (Ganzhorn et al., 1999; Johnson, 2002; Overdorff, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2177, "input_1": "This is in accordance with the results of previously published studies (Gruber and Gollhofer 2004; Bruhn et al. 2006; Gruber et al. 2007a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2178, "input_1": "2% of cases.(15) Further, the VTE detection rates reported here are also in line with large data sets from National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample database reporting on results of benign brain tumor resection, making it likely that our results are valid in other clinical settings as well.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2179, "input_1": "This has been demonstrated for neural sources that are known to be highly correlated, such as bilateral activation of the temporal lobes during steady-state auditory stimulation (Brookes et al., 2007; Dalal et al., 2006; Popescu et al., 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2010), and for primary visual sources (Quraan and Cheyne, 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2010), and is likely the case for many other sources as most brain modules are organized with bilateral symmetry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2180, "input_1": "Some parts of the map by Poutsma et al. (2008) are\ninaccurate, because they are based on previously\npublished verbal descriptions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2181, "input_1": "Youth with disabilities have to face more complex challenges during this transition phase compared to their able-bodied counterparts when striving to fulfil age-appropriate roles and participate in their communities [5, 6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2182, "input_1": "The observed decrease of the CFF/FUF in our HE patients is well in line with the results of Kircheis et al. (2001a, 2001b, 2001c, 2002) and Timmermann et al. (2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2183, "input_1": "Resting-state corticostriatal functional connectivity is correlated with executive performance in both healthy subjects and in diseases such as schizophrenia, Huntington’s disease and ADHD (Mennes et al., 2011; Unschuld et al., 2012; Su et al., 2013; Gordon et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2184, "input_1": "Several investigators (18, 19, 43) have shown that endogenous female reproductive hormone status alters the control of a variety of thermoregulatory effectors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2185, "input_1": "In patients with insulin resistance, production of NH3 from proximal tubules is reduced and ammonia excretion is also reduced accordingly, resulting in low urine pH.[27] In addition, in patients with insulin resistance, sodium absorption is increased because of hyperinsulinemia, which also lowers urine pH.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2186, "input_1": "Anti-Flik interference experiments have further supported the idea that Flick protein is an endogenous antagonist of ventralising signals (Towers et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2187, "input_1": "Previous reports on gene therapy for ovarian and other similar cancer cell lines have shown an increase in infectivity through CAR-independent transduction, achieving higher reporter gene expression by several orders of magnitude in the primary tumor cells (Dmitriev et al., 1998; Kasono et al., 1999; Vanderkwaak et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2188, "input_1": "As a result, a preliminary version of the Q-SEA instrument has previously been published [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2189, "input_1": "Concentrations of human CRP increase up to 1000-fold within 24–48 h of tissue injury and represent a sensitive, but a nonspecific marker of inflammation [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2190, "input_1": "To study the role of top-down modulation on speech in noise perception, de Boer and Thornton (2008) examined MOCB activity in young participants who underwent a training program to discriminate speech presented in noisy environments (de Boer & Thornton, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2191, "input_1": "Additionally, as previously shown [22], disruption of the HIR complex in a strain carrying a deletion of HPC2 (hpc2D) also prevented recruitment of SWI/SNF to HTA1-HTB1 (Figure 4A, compare hpc2D and WT).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2192, "input_1": "Resistance to number of antimicrobial agents among a variety of clinically significant species of bacteria is becoming increasingly important global problem [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2193, "input_1": "In this study, we used 2iL medium plus a PKC inhibitor, forskolin, and a TGF-b inhibitor for conversion and maintenance because some reports have suggested that a PKC inhibitor and forskolin facilitate conversion from the primed to the naive state (Hanna et al., 2010; Dutta et al., 2011; Takashima et al., 2014; Duggal et al., 2015; Qin et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2194, "input_1": "%) fallow deer were positive to A. phagocytophylum DNA, however a work recently conducted by Michalik et al. (2009) on a population of 44 fallow deer living in West–Central Poland using only a PCR approach, showed a prevalence rate (20.5", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2195, "input_1": "Signals inspector such as oscilloscope, image processing library such as OpenCV, pattern matching algorithm (Dynamic Time Warping [9], five degrees-offreedom gesture recognition) are integrated and ready-to-use to support that informal design technique.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2196, "input_1": "This behavior offers a reasonable explanation for the high-pressure acoustic wave velocity profile of SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2197, "input_1": "[57] by delineating mobile payment platforms into five layers: (1) device; (2) (operating) system; (3) network; (4) service, and; (5) content.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2198, "input_1": "…asking participants to distribute funds between two programs aimed at decreasing extremism among Islamic communities in the U.S.: one centered on policing and surveillance of Muslims, and the other on providing them with education and opportunities for learning (see Kteily et al., 2015, Study 5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2199, "input_1": "…& Pearson (1991) found no separation by different size classes of mayfly species and different types of substratum, our results suggest the presence of a sizerelated shift in habitat use, as identified in many other studies (i.e. Pringle, 1982; Williams & Moore, 1986; Osborne & Herricks, 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2200, "input_1": "exposure in those IL-6 KO mice and found a significantly higher number of eosinophils in the airway in these mice than in wild-type mice (data not shown), corroborating the observations that were previously published using the OVA model (21, 22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2201, "input_1": "germination stimulatory activity by germination bioassays with Striga hermonthica as previously described by Jamil et al. (2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2202, "input_1": "…and could potentially modulate the metabolism of SN-38 in vivo (Zheng et al., 2001; Guillemette, 2003; Villeneuve et al., 2003; Girard et al., 2004; Yamanaka et al., 2004), as well as response to irinotecan-based chemotherapy (Ando et al., 2000; Innocenti et al., 2004; Marcuello et al., 2004;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2203, "input_1": "…that only Fe2+bound form, but not Mn2+-bound form, of PerRBL senses low levels of H2O2, those genes (katA, ahpC, mrgA, and possibly pfeT) belonging to H2O2 stimulon are likely to be controlled by Fe2+-bound form of PerRBL, as previously known for B. subtilis PerR regulon (Fuangthong et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2204, "input_1": "4 We are not comparing with JMOSEL [13] as we did not find it available on the Internet.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2205, "input_1": "ORL1, a recent addition to the opioid receptor family, is the only opioid receptor subtype selectively activated by OFQ/N, an endogenous opioid ligand (Meunier et al., 1995; Reinscheid et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2206, "input_1": "Arpp/Ankrd2 has been found to be induced in denervated muscles (Tsukamoto et al. 2002) and in muscles chronically immobilized in a stretched position (Kemp et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2207, "input_1": "Currently, one of the most frequently utilized approaches to regenerate large bone defects relies on the placement of scaffolds under the premise that space maintenance will occur in tandem with new bone formation within the scaffold-filled defect [4, 10, 22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2208, "input_1": "A novel prokaryotic immunity-like system (CRISPR/CAS) has been recently discovered (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), involving two main constituents: (i) clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and (ii) CAS (CRISPR-associated sequence) proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2209, "input_1": "For experiments that involve recurrent modules, we apply gradient clip only to weights of ConvLSTM module (clipped by global norm 3) to stabilize training.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2210, "input_1": "We assumed a design effect of 2.6 based on intraclass correlation coefficients estimated in a study measuring STH infection in a similar population in India [32] since such information for Bangladesh was not available.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2211, "input_1": "com) was used to digitally capture the referent and simulation data from [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2212, "input_1": "These models are the radial-modesof-vibration model of Abdullah (1966), the tornado/ boundary interaction model of Tatom et al. (1995), and the corotating vortex model (Powell 1964; Georges 1976; Mitchell et al. 1992). The infrasonic data seemed most consistent with the model of Abdullah, as is shown in a later section. Abdullah (1966) found expressions for the fundamental (F0) and first harmonic (F1) of the vibrational modes in Hertz to be", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2213, "input_1": "Alcohol intake at the time of the 5-year survey was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2214, "input_1": "…stress in schizophrenia (Figure 1), the results reported here may indicate that the DA-dependent restitutive system, which normally decreases its own activity in the face of stress, may be disrupted or already down-regulated in schizophrenia, as previously predicted (Friedhoff 1985, 1986, 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2215, "input_1": "Previous research, as well as our study results, agree with the hypothesis that the expression of solanaceous PT4 genes are specially induced by AM (Chen et al. 2007; Drissner et al. 2007; Karandashov and Bucher 2005; Nagy et al. 2005; Poulsen et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2216, "input_1": "Several plans to unlock subglacial lakes exist (Siegert et al., 2004; Inman, 2005; Siegert et al., 2007; Schiermeier, 2008; Woodward et al., 2009) and valuable knowledge will be available as soon as direct samples of subglacial water and sediments are taken.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2217, "input_1": "Begg’s funnel plots [21] and Egger’s regression method [22] were conducted to detect the potential publication bias (P,0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2218, "input_1": "scores or minimally important difference (MID) estimates were not considered required, but were considered highly desirable [34, 44, 45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2219, "input_1": "Complications were scored according to the Modified Accordion Severity Grading System, and quantified using previously validated severity utility weights.(12,13) The postoperative morbidity index was calculated by dividing the total burden of highest-grade complications by the total number of patients in any given cohort studied, including those without any complications (which were included in the calculations as zeros).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2220, "input_1": "…especially theorists adopting the prisoner’s dilemma as the main paradigm for explaining the evolution of cooperation (e.g., Cosmides and Tooby 1992; Trivers 1971), would argue that a mechanism with a relatively unconditional and indiscriminate care element may not evolve at all in an environment…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2221, "input_1": "The other epitopes were mapped in this work and, although their neutralizing capability were not determined before, they were identified using the same methodology employed to map other relevant epitopes using sera from immunized animals (18, 19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2222, "input_1": "Such positive imagery training has been shown to increase state positive affect in healthy young adult volunteers (Holmes et al., 2008a, 2009, 2006; Nelis et al., 2013) and dysphoric individuals (Pictet et al., 2011), and in some studies decrease symptoms of depression (Lang et al., 2012; Williams…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2223, "input_1": "In addition, evaluation of recombination by construction of incongruent phylogenetic trees (Fu et al., 2011) based on non-recombinant and recombinant region of the VP1 gene sequence was done using MEGA software version 5.0 (Tamura et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2224, "input_1": "These results are consistent with previous studies in microglia (Bianco et al. 2005), astrocytes (Bianco et al. 2009) and PC12 cells (Cocucci et al. 2007), where ATP stimulation induced the shedding of membrane vesicles of heterogeneous diameter.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2225, "input_1": "…of a variety of semantic phenomena, including semantic priming (Burgess, 1998; Jones, Kintsch, & Mewhort, 2006; Lowe & McDonald, 2000), word association (Griffiths et al., 2007; Sahlgren, 2006), and semantic categorization (Bullinaria & Levy, 2007; Burgess, 1998; Jankowicz, 2005; Laham, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2226, "input_1": "Smoking while pregnant is the leading cause of preventable infant morbidity and mortality, as well as pregnancy complications [1-6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2227, "input_1": "…this meta-perceptual distinction between being (perceived to be) dehumanized and disliked parallels a similar distinction between dehumanizing and disliking, which have been shown to exert independent effects on intergroup outcomes (e.g., Andrighetto et al., 2014; Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2228, "input_1": "It seems that systemic sympathetic denervation and lack of sympathetic compensation contribute to both pronounced morbidity and the development of PPH and OH (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995; Umehara et al. 2014; Mathias 1991; Teramoto et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2229, "input_1": "Consistent with the notion that Derlin-1 acts in the retrotranslocation [21,22,26,48–51], misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER in derlin-1 mutants, indicative of disrupted ERAD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2230, "input_1": "Data derived from Rosengaus et al. (1998) was used to compare the survivorship of I. schwarzi to that of Z. angusticollis following exposure to masscorrected doses of conidia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2231, "input_1": "While the discouraging effect of equal wages on hard-working agents has long been informally discussed (e.g., Milgrom and Roberts 1992, p. 418f), Abeler et al. (2010) provide controlled evidence in favor of this intuition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2232, "input_1": "Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon tumors that develop in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and usually present in the fifth to seventh decade of life [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2233, "input_1": "…such as RasGefQ prefer GDP-Ras (Mondal et al., 2008), it is plausible that B56 may facilitate recruiting GDP-Ras to specific RasGef proteins.\nthe hydrophobic motif (HM) site, respectively (Meili et al., 1999; Kamimura et al., 2008; Kamimura and Devreotes, 2010; Cai et al., 2010; Liao et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2234, "input_1": "However, Kelly and Kolstad [12] and Webster et al. [31] have shown that it may take a very long time before the uncertainty in damages is reduced.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2235, "input_1": "Unfortunately, despite all the extensive work conducted worldwide through basic In Vitro method[6-8], In Silico information[9-10], hybrid method[11], mimicking the In Vivo test as far as possible[12-13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2236, "input_1": "With the capability of snatching electrons away from biomolecules[57], ROS are capable of inflicting damages such as cell and mitochondria membrane lipid peroxidation[4,5,29,45,58-67] and increased permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane[4,27,68-72].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2237, "input_1": "In the present study, only the Zn content was significantly elevated in the plaques at 56 weeks old, further indicating that increased Zn is a late-stage effect of advanced plaque pathology (Religa et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2238, "input_1": "Gametogenesis in male is normally androgen dependent.(16,45) The Sertoli cells that surround developing germ cells are known to secret androgen-binding protein under the influences of testosterone and FSH.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2239, "input_1": "generated using RAxML (Stamatakis et al. 2008) as implemented through the CIPRES web portal (http:// www.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2240, "input_1": "This S1P gradient that regulates immune cell distribution (Zhao et al. 2015) and contributes to endothelial function (Rosenberg & Stern 1966) is maintained by conversion of S1P to sphingosine within cells by S1P phosphatases (Spp1 and Spp2) and extracellularly by lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP1…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2241, "input_1": "…and selection of studies\nWe used a database of 1344 articles on the psychological treatment of depression that has been described in detail elsewhere (Cuijpers et al. 2008b, 2011), and that has been used in a series of earlier published meta-analyses (www.evidencebasedpsychotherapies. org).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2242, "input_1": "Heavy metals contamination of Bohai Bay in the past few years have been investigated (Zhang et al. 2002; Hua et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2005; Wang and Li 2006; Wang and Wang 2007; Liu et al. 2007; Meng et al. 2008), however, no comparison was available to show the spatial and temporal distribution of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2243, "input_1": "CDKs are enzymatically active when associated with cyclins, and three sets of cyclin–CDK complexes including cyclin D–CDK4, cyclin D/CDK6 and cyclin E–CDK2 complexes are sequentially assembled and activated during the G1 phase (Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Chulu and Liu, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2244, "input_1": "Thus, antibodies against sequences common to PLCb1a and 1b isoforms (N-ter, R-233, PLCb136–87, D-8) recognized two bands with apparent molecular masses consistent with previous reports (Lee et al., 1987, 1993; Fukaya et al., 2008), whereas G-12 antibody only detected the heaviest band, in agreement with its expected specificity for the PLCb1a isoform (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2245, "input_1": "We identified four data collection approaches used among the 86 implementation research projects: (1) VA-wide databases built with extractions from local health-care facility data systems (35 projects), (2) local or remote extraction from local electronic health records (EHR) (59 projects), (3) collection of primary data directly from research subjects (55 projects), and (4) collection of data from non-VA databases (6 projects).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2246, "input_1": "1 and Figure 1), we used a standard tf√óidf (Salton and McGill, 1983) and length-normalized document vectors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2247, "input_1": "Three memory-based string matching approaches in [8], [10], and [4] were evaluated for the apples-to-apples comparisons.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2248, "input_1": "Previous case reports [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] also have suggested the etiological role of CMV in CMV-associated pancreatitis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2249, "input_1": "Our finding that BMI1 appears to contribute to chemoresistance in canine OSA cells is consistent with previous studies examining human OSA [8, 9] and other tumor cell lines [24, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2250, "input_1": "Furthermore, at many places the compact lamination of the granule cells is lost resulting in granule cell dispersion (GCD; Houser, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2251, "input_1": "…depression among gay and HIVpositive men (Körner et al. 2008; Newman et al. 2008; Newman et al. 2009), the contributory role of male sexual dysfunction to depression (Mao et al. 2009a), and the difficulties of managing depression among men who use crystal methamphetamine (Saltman et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2252, "input_1": "However, mechanisms that accounted for the effects of alcohol on pial arterioles was not examined in our previous study (22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2253, "input_1": "Similar figures were reported by other studies investigating the combinations of CE-US þ CT and CT þ MRI in the setting of 1- to 2-cm HCC nodules.(9,24) In the present study, regardless of the dual combination of dynamic contrast imaging technique applied, no more than 13% of grade I tumors 2 cm were correctly identified on radiological examination, compared with >50% for grade II and grade III tumors of similar size.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2254, "input_1": "…found similar results when their outcome was alcohol and marijuana use during midadolescence, regardless of whether popularity measures were based on preference, as in the present study ~Allen et al., 2005!, or based on reputation ~Prinstein & Cillessen, 2003; Prinstein, Meade, & Cohen, 2003!.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2255, "input_1": "By using the iterative procedure and sensitivity study described in [6], a short list with 16 most possible applications is identified for the satellite network.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2256, "input_1": "Enock et al. (2014) found Spearman-Brown corrected reliabilities near 0 (-.22 and -.04) for emotional cueing overall bias scores, suggesting that the reliability of these scores is unacceptably low.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2257, "input_1": "Furthermore, our data show that more genes were significantly differentially regulated by LSO than by SFO supported by miRNA data on the same animals that showed a differential regulation pattern of miRNA expression by LSO and SFO [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2258, "input_1": "Details of the performance of this assay have been previously published [11]; within-run and total coefficient of variation for this assay were 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2259, "input_1": "Significantly, splicing of AtABI3 is developmentally regulated since the AtABI3-b transcript accumulates only at the end of seed maturation (Sugliani et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2260, "input_1": "Figure 2: Abeler et al. (2010): Effort decisions of high-effort and low-effort providers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2261, "input_1": "Note that there is no feature selection stage, as the Random Forest [1] method used to learn decision tree ensembles performs its own feature selection process.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2262, "input_1": "represent phases in a progressive deformation, with layer thickness as the evolving parameter [Ghent and Hansen, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2263, "input_1": "Kinetic analysis\nThe duration of phase I was estimated from the averaged response profile, as the time at which there was a marked inflection point in the _VO2, _V CO2 and _V E response and change in end tidal oxygen, end tidal carbon dioxide and R from baseline values (Whipp et al. 1982).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2264, "input_1": "ICP-MS reports of sub-parts per billion detection limits, multielement analysis capabilities, and a wide linear dynamic range have made it an often used technique for wine elemental analysis [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2265, "input_1": "Because previous studies indicated that hexapeptides bind the junction core (29, 32), we tested two junctions, one with an AT-rich core and the other with a GC-rich core (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2266, "input_1": "Recent years have seen growing interest in the automated design and synthesis of microfluidic biochips [39], [44], [47]–[51], [53]–[56], [59]–[61], [63]–[67], [69].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2267, "input_1": "8) with poor oral bioavailability thus necessitating administration of relatively high doses (300–450 mg/kg body weight in preclinical models) for optimal therapeutic benefits (Aneja et al., 2007; Ke et al., 2000; Ye et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2268, "input_1": "However, surprisingly few human studies have examined the effects of neurotoxic stimulants on the adolescent brain, particularly on the ACC (Lyoo et al. 2015; Sung et al. 2013a), although the use of psychostimulants including MA is often initiated during adolescence (King et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2269, "input_1": "This is because the mechanical and the sonographic parameters impose fundamental limitations and, hence, upper bounds on the quality of the strain estimates (Varghese and Ophir 1997), but the signal-processing parameters can be adjusted to obtain some, but not all, of these upper bounds simultaneously.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2270, "input_1": "The SVD transform has been used in several audio watermarking algorithms [22-25,37-39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2271, "input_1": "…Additionally, similar to the nomenclature of rice gene ID in RGAP (http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/index.shtml),\nmaize gene ID in PLAZA is given according to the chromosomal location, which is convenient for the following research (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/plaza/) (Proost et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2272, "input_1": "Because the process of granuloma formation sequesters and encapsulates bacteria but does not necessarily destroy them, mycobacteria may inhibit binding of phagosomes and avoid microbicidal activity, remaining protected from the immune system within the cell.(20,29) The disease may then be reactivated in times of relative immunosuppression, such as with systemic disease or immunosuppressive therapy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2273, "input_1": "Therefore, endotoxin, when given concomitantly with T, increases hepatic lipid accumulation and thus augments the development of T-associated fatty liver in rats (Dickerson and Karwoski 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2274, "input_1": "Some recent work encompassing both North American and African grasslands suggests that ‘‘pyric herbivory’’ (grazing in conjunction with fire) and the interaction of natural fires and free-roaming herbivores creates a natural and dynamic grassland mosaic which is beneficial to biodiversity (Engle et al. 2008; Fuhlendorf et al. 2008; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2275, "input_1": "The AoV and AAo were evaluated using a parasternal long-axis view, and the PV, MPA, LPA, RPA, and DA were evaluated using a parasternal short-axis view as per published guidelines [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2276, "input_1": "Furthermore, those genes (fur and perR) that are not repressed by Fe are not induced by H2O2 (Fuangthong et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2277, "input_1": "Such modifications, i.e. investing in proportionally longer reproductive tracts, resulting in positive allometry, could potentially function to enable the female greater control over fertilization under sperm competition (Birkhead 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2278, "input_1": "Kacprzyk and Yager [7], Kacprzyk, Yager and Zadro ny [8, 9]) from the perspective of Zadeh’s computing with words and perception paradigm (cf.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2279, "input_1": "As is shown, we estimate that the order of the run times is Oðn2Þ for the LP approach as is appointed in [15,16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2280, "input_1": "The biological significance of those clusters was, first, evaluated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) [10,11], a biological database and web resource of known and predicted protein-protein interactions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2281, "input_1": "MBs, sometimes referred as the width (Mohlenkamp et al. 2002; Ozbag et al. 2002; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2282, "input_1": "We use the same evaluation metrics as in [4][22][36] for evaluation on two human parsing datasets, including accuracy, average precision, average recall, and average F-1 score.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2283, "input_1": "Quantitative evaluation of apoptosis by flow cytometry that was carried out 24 h later revealed an increasing proportion of cells recorded in the sub-G1 phase with increasing concentrations of arachidonic acid (Dymkowska et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2284, "input_1": "The feasibility of a simulation of socio-technical systems increases when proven theory are used to ground factors that need to be considered and are important for the model [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2285, "input_1": "Nevertheless, such discrepancies between the levels measured in the primary tumor and metastases and CTCs have been described before at both the mRNA and the protein level(37, 42, 48-51), indicating that the findings with our multi-gene measuring technique may indeed be relevant.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2286, "input_1": "This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement.(16)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2287, "input_1": "Although PAM is present at high levels throughout the developing and adult nervous system (Schaefer et al., 1992; Zhang et al., 1997), its expression has not been characterized in the olfactory epithelium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2288, "input_1": "We used the TrioML estimator based on Wang [62] as it fitted our data best based on the relatedness data for the whole captive population (see above).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2289, "input_1": "(4) GeneNetwork [17], indicated by GN, learns gene network by reverse engineering inference approaches.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2290, "input_1": "For the methods such as PAM and RELIEFF, the number of features/prototypes chosen must be tuned.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2291, "input_1": "The ethanol was gradually introduced into the diet over an 8-day period, as described previously (22, 24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2292, "input_1": "Eva-green (Biotium) was used for detection, and 0.1% Tween 20, 0.1 mg/mL BSA, and 5% DMSO were added to the PCRmix as described (Khanna et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2293, "input_1": "This activity is most probably mediated through actions in the glutamatergic synapses in the neuromuscular junctions [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2294, "input_1": "3, JUNE 2007 61 is present.(1-4,17) This architecture is preserved because BOOP occurs intraluminally within the pulmonary tree.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2295, "input_1": "The upper frequency limit of the neurons' capability to follow envelope modulations was 320 Hz and 380 Hz in the European starling and the mynah bird (a closely related species), respectively (Hose et al., 1987; Knipschild et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2296, "input_1": "Logistic dynamics have also been used to describe the photic dose response of the circadian timing system of nonhuman mammals (1, 5, 25, 29, 32).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2297, "input_1": "…at later times (103–376 days) following the\ncircuits (Mossop et al. 2000; Vale and Sanes 2002; Wang et al. 2009; Whiting et al. 2009; Xie and Manis 2013), and changes in the relative strength of auditory and non-auditory synaptic inputs (Shore et al. 2008; Barker et al. 2012; Zeng…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2298, "input_1": "The Hupert criteria [2] would have screened 273 patients (24%; 95% CI, 22%–27%) and generated charges of $126,025.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2299, "input_1": "Among the transporters VGluT 1 and 2 were found in the hypothalamus (Herman et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2300, "input_1": "As such, the residual stress can have profound inJuence on whether a putative fatigue crack grows\ninto a full-Jedged fatigue crack, determining its location, initiation and propagation when superimposed with cyclic loading and stress concentration (Boyce et al., 2001b; Peters et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2301, "input_1": "Utilizing gain-offunction assays, we demonstrate that enhancing actin polymer-\nthese proteins does not increase SV density (Scheiffele et al., 2000; Bamji et al., 2003; Sara et al., 2005; Latefi et al., 2009; Linhoff et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2302, "input_1": "5ubi:loxP-GFP-loxP-mCherry) (Mosimann et al., 2011; Kaufman et al., 2016), tfap2a;foxd3 (Wang et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2303, "input_1": "Furthermore, Ang II, the dominant effector peptide of the RAS, reduces the mRNA expression of osteocalcin (a protein specifically expressed during maturation of osteoblastic cells) and decreases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (a marker of osteoblastic differentiation) via its receptor AT1 (36).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2304, "input_1": "Three to five days before the insulin infusion study, pigs were anesthetized and catheters were surgically inserted into a jugular vein and a carotid artery, as described previously (33).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2305, "input_1": "…faster recovery from water-deficit stress; accumulated more Na?, K? and Ca2? in leaves, and maintained higher leaf relative water content\nGaxiola et al.\n(2001)\nArabidopsis thaliana Stimulated shoot and root development by increased auxin transport rate and distribution\nLi et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2306, "input_1": "This theoretical framework extends the emerging literature on BPO (Cullen et al. 2005; Lacity et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2307, "input_1": "Binaural beats in the beta (16 and 24 Hz) and theta/delta range (1.5 and 4 Hz) were also reported to be associated with less negative mood states (Lane et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2308, "input_1": "For example, we could construct information divergence interpretations of other message-passing algorithms, such as generalized belief propagation (Yedidia et al., 2004), max-product versions of BP and TRW (Wainwright et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2309, "input_1": "First characterized by Meis-Kindblom in 1995 (Meis-Kindblom et al., 1995), sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare soft tissue tumor exhibiting a characteristic morphologic pattern of epithelioid cells arranged in strands, cords, nests, and sheets embedded in a sclerosed and hyalinized…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2310, "input_1": "Language difficulties are often considered as secondary effects of a broader condition, but our results suggest that haploinsufficiency of genes in the BP3-BP5 region can influence language ability directly, reinforcing the view that recurrent CNVs relevant for neurodevelopmental phenotypes tend to be incompletely penetrant and associated with a variable phenotype [45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2311, "input_1": "Various scoring functions rank decoys according to energetic criteria including electrostatic, Van der Waals, and solvent interactions, or similarity to experimental structures [2–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2312, "input_1": "Our results from the constitutive Mecp2 KO mice present the first in vivo verification of a progressive shift in cortical E/I balance favoring inhibition, which is consistent with earlier brain slice studies (Dani et al., 2005; Nelson et al., 2006; Wood et al., 2009; Wood and Shepherd, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2313, "input_1": "No gender differences were found in the studies by Ugar and Semb (2001), Giannakari (2004), Rajion et al. (2006), and Lima et al. (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2314, "input_1": "Since no such differences could be detected in the expression of the endogenous ctl(VI) gene by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (Marvulli et al., 1996), it should be concluded that the 7.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2315, "input_1": "br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al. (2001) even found different morula and blastocyst rates among clonal colonies obtained from the same donor cell fetus. In our investigation of in vivo developmental capacity after transfer of NT embryos to recipient cows, we did not observe significant differences in initial pregnancy (< day 40 of gestation) rates between transfected and non-transfected donor cells, which was also reported by Zakhartchenko et al. (2001). In contrast, Forsberg et al. (2002) reported lower rates of initial pregnancy for NT of transfected cells than for NT of non-transfected cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2316, "input_1": "[19] showed that the system quality and information quality perceived by virtual community users significantly impacts their perceived benefits of participation in virtual communities.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2317, "input_1": "The most common adverse effect was hypertension.(37) Another Phase II trial used axitinib 7 mg twice daily initially and a maximum dose of 10 mg if well tolerated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2318, "input_1": "As discussed recently by Orsini et al. (2005), several differences between CPP protocols such as the number of compartments in the CPP apparatus as well as the usage of biased (as in Cunningham et al. 1992; Semenova et al. 1995) vs unbiased procedure (as in Orsini et al. 2005) might account for…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2319, "input_1": "squarrosa in a previous study (Spagnuolo et al. 2007) was substantially confirmed in this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2320, "input_1": "Most present studies [3-14] assume that the QoS preferences of all requesters are the same.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2321, "input_1": "Consequently, on the basis of these findings, the difference in thigmotaxis between the selectively bred HOFT and LOFT mice seemed to be a stable and robust feature of these animals, suggesting that the two lines differed with regard to trait anxiety rather than to state anxiety (see Belzung & Griebel, 2001; Lister, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2322, "input_1": "It was also known that brain insults such as cerebral ischemia, causing neuronal death, are accompanied by increased neurogenesis in the SGZ and SVZ [36, 37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2323, "input_1": "The participants were of low socioeconomic status as rated by the Hollingshead Index (M = 69.51, S.D. = 2.52; Hollingshead and Redlich, 1958).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2324, "input_1": "The results for adolescent patients with anorexia corroborate in part those obtained by Nilsson et al. (1999), that is, a higher prevalence of cluster C than cluster A or B PDs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2325, "input_1": "We tested following distribution strategies of FF heuristic estimation:\n• hFFα using only locally built RPGs (including projections of public actions) and local estimation of FastForward heuristic, as proposed in (Nissim and Brafman 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2326, "input_1": "…DCN following acoustic trauma is expected from the previously reported trauma-induced loss of glycinergic receptors and associated molecules in DCN (Asako et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2009; Whiting et al. 2009) and from the weakening of glycinergic post-synaptic potentials in VCN (Xie and Manis 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2327, "input_1": "As we will see the issues of vagueness and uncertainty are treated by the introduction of fuzzy logics [8] and modal logics [19] into terminological reasoning.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2328, "input_1": "Intradural extramedullary metastatic lesions associated with primary tumors originating outside the neuroaxis are uncommon, occurring in 5% of all spinal metastasis [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2329, "input_1": "Although the density of staining in the cerebellar molecular layer appears similar for all 3 ligands, the number of binding sites for 3H-forskolin is approximately IO-fold lower than for either 3H-IP, or )H-PDBu, which are comparable (Worley et al., 1986b, 1987a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2330, "input_1": "…S. patens or absence S. virginica of arenchymatous tissue Anderson 1974 , and the impact of edaphic variables seems to be greater, resulting in very similar types of culturable diazotrophs associated with plant species that are themselves very different Bagwell et al. 2001; Bergholz et al. 2001 .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2331, "input_1": "[37,56,57] Finally, we calculated the total hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin saturation in each layer using:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2332, "input_1": "All aspects of the trial, including the analyses in the present study, were approved by the National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (UK Integrated Research Application System; reference 09/H0802/5) and all participants, including women aged 16 and 17 using Fraser guidelines, provided informed written consent [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2333, "input_1": "Further, holistic thinking is more dialectical and better able to accommodate coexisting opposites (variety effect and overload effect in our case) (Nisbett et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2334, "input_1": "The pH lowering phenomenon also affects protein solubility and results in apparent differential abundance of specific proteins, especially of GAPDH [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2335, "input_1": "In mammals, the evidence indicates OHC somatic motility is a key contributor [20–24], and this is the motor we focus on here.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2336, "input_1": "The present experiment used the same detection task as Lie and Alsop (2009) to investigate the relation between relative punisher frequency and stimulus disparity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2337, "input_1": "Recently, however, this idea has been contested by reports indicating that endocytosis is necessary for the proper activation of\nthe Toll pathway (Huang et al., 2010; Lund et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2338, "input_1": "Images were captured with the Attovision software using the epifluorescence microscope Pathway (Becton Dickinson) and measured the signals using ImageJ (open source from National Cancer Institute, NIH) with custom-made macros [48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2339, "input_1": "The prognosis of FVPTC in our study was excellent, similar to the\nresults of previous studies (Chan 2002; Yu et al. 2013), and FVPTC is known to have less frequent locoregional recurrence than conventional PTC (Burningham et al. 2005; Lang et al. 2006; Nechifor-Boila et al. 2013), although there…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2340, "input_1": "This data collection method may have rendered the results severely flawed and not comparable (Smith, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2341, "input_1": "Recently, several groups have reported the conversion of hPSCs from a primed to a naive state (Hanna et al., 2010; Gafni et al., 2013; Chan et al., 2013; Takashima et al., 2014; Theunissen et al., 2014; Valamehr et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2014; Ware et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2015; Duggal et al., 2015; Hayashi et al., 2015; Qin et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2342, "input_1": "In our study, we found that mRNA and protein expressions of ER stress markers (p-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, p-IRE1, and sXBP1) [13–15] in", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2343, "input_1": "Adult patients with ADHD more often exhibit lower academic and professional achievement, fewer close friendships, increased traffic violations and accidents, increased absenteeism, higher frequencies of divorce, and greater job loss through early termination or resignation than do their counterparts without ADHD (Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2006; Barkley, Guevremont, Anastopoulos, DuPaul, & Shelton, 1993; Biederman, Faraone, et al., 2006; Biederman et al., 2008; Kessler et al., 2006; Secnik, Swensen, & Lage, 2005; Sobanski, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2344, "input_1": "Furthermore, D. guianense is considered a top food species in the diets of spider and howler monkeys (representing[80 % of their feeding time; González-Zamora et al. 2009; González-Di Pierro et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2345, "input_1": "Thereafter, two groups reported the purification and characterization of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylases of Rhizobium radiobacter (formerly named as A. tumefaciens) WU-0108 (Ishii et al. 2004) and Rhizobium sp. strain MTP-10005 (Yoshida et al. 2004b) independently.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2346, "input_1": "Another mass transfer technique for film cooled endwalls was applied by Friedrichs et al. (1996) using the Ammonia-Diazo method for discrete hole film cooling. Jabbari et al. (1996) among others used the naphthalene sublimation technique for such an application. Using the latter method, the local mass transfer distribution can also be determined and related to the heat transfer by the analogy between mass and heat transfer (e.g. Han and Goldstein (2008)) and applied for discrete hole film cooling as well.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2347, "input_1": "…could be found after a thorough search of all the anemones in the study population, indicating that short distance migration did not occur (Buston 2003a); and (3) no migrants came into the study population from anemones outside of the study population, indicating that long distance…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2348, "input_1": ", 2013) embryo and is required for their proper emergence (Chen et al., 2009; North et al., 1999) during EHT (Chen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2349, "input_1": "For the Pascal VOC Part dataset [3], we selected the head, neck, and torso of each category as the landmarks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2350, "input_1": "A particularly useful tool in demonstrating the carrier mediation of this phenomenon was the use of previously injected urea analogs ([14C]-acetamide, [14C]-thiourea), which were “pulsed” simultaneously to urea at different rates (Wood et al. 1998; McDonald et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2351, "input_1": ", 1998), intelligent tutoring systems (Conati, Gertner, and VanLehn, 2002), and dialogue systems (Blaylock and Allen, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2352, "input_1": "In brief, a stratified sample of 40,523 addresses was selected from the smalluser postcode address file for Britain, by use of a multistage probability cluster design, with oversampling in greater London [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2353, "input_1": "The lack of context switch effect found in group Partial-Both is also consistent with the idea that partial reinforcement leads contexts to become predictors of the outcome (see also Murphy et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2354, "input_1": "5 mm wide, 2 mm long) on the medial side of a callosally connected rostrocaudal band (Wang et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2355, "input_1": "In contrast, the results were consistent with previous studies, which indicate that radial-growth response of trees to climate varied significantly with tree age (Szeicz and MacDonald 1994; Yu et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2356, "input_1": "As shown in previous studies in BMDMs or RAW macrophages (10, 11, 17), wild-type TLR9 trafficked through the Golgi compartment, whereas full-length, Endo H–resistant TLR9-GFP was barely detectable (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2357, "input_1": "As described by Safran et al. (2005), these two latter basins differ geomorphologically from those of the central section because they have incised into the Altiplano and therefore skew the morphometric data (Zeilinger and Schlunegger 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2358, "input_1": "C. Data Analysis Transcription Speech samples were transcribed orthographically and analyzed using the computer program CLAN (MacWhinney, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2359, "input_1": "Whereas Lorden used crude upper bounds for the Type I error probability that are too conservative for practical applications, Bartroff and Lai (2008) overcome this difficulty by developing numerical methods to compute the Type I error probability and also extended the three-stage test to multiparameter and multi-armed settings, thus greatly broadening the scope of these efficient adaptive designs. A review of their method is given in Section 2.1. In Section 4 we prove the asymptotic optimality of these adaptive tests in the multiparameter case, extending Lorden’s (1983) result for the special case d = 1. Another new addition to this asymptotic optimality theory of adaptive designs is related to the problem of trial extension considered in Section 2.2. As pointed out by Cui et al. (1999), the issue of increasing the maximum sample size sometimes arises after interim analysis in group sequential trials.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2360, "input_1": "Spatiotemporal evolution of theMEEMD trends of ocean surface chla in theNorth Atlantic 2014 and 2016, respectively. j, Spatial structure of chla increase based on the time-unvarying l boxes refer to the North Gulf Stream region, the subpolar gyre region, and the region near the\ndecomposition (MEEMD) method (Wu et al., 2009), which is based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) (Wu and Huang, 2009) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) (Wu and Huang, 2004; Huang et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2361, "input_1": ", 2008) and electrophysiological (Chen et al., 2014) studies have shown that multiple cortical areas are involved in integrating discrete contour fragments into global contours.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2362, "input_1": "To examine whether the histamine-stimulated and MST4-mediated parietal cell secretion depends on proton pump H,K-ATPase, aliquots of parietal cells were treated with omeprazole (Sigma, 100 nM), a H,K-ATPase inhibitor, as previously described (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2363, "input_1": "Several sample preparation methods have been employed for the elemental analysis of wines, including direct dilution by factors ranging from one to 10, UV-assisted digestion, and open or closed vessel acid digestion assisted by microwave radiation [4,6–12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2364, "input_1": "…the idea that the increased memory performance of scrbRNAi flies results from a failure to forget rather than increased consolidation, Thus, Scrb appears to function in\nforgetting in ways similar to those reported for Rac1 and the dopamine receptor, Damb (Berry et al., 2012; Shuai et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2365, "input_1": "These results are in accordance with previous studies suggesting that miR-let7a may act as a tumor suppressor (it is poorly expressed in lung and colon cancer) [38, 39] and its downregulation has been reported to have a prognostic impact on the survival of surgically treated lung cancer patients [38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2366, "input_1": "Two studies out of the seven reviewed [33,35] did not discuss any coping strategies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2367, "input_1": "Suspicion threshold was selected as the mean of the values obtained in the simulation of DSR in [41].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2368, "input_1": "pclk-1::clk-1 ∆MTS (13-187)::gfp was generated by mutagenesis of the pclk-1::clk-1::gfp plasmid.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2369, "input_1": "…in skeletal muscle is particularly interesting given that statin-induced muscle degeneration occurs preferentially in type II skeletal muscle fibers with a reduced effect observed in type I fibers (Reijneveld et al., 1996; Smith et al., 1991; Waclawik et al., 1993; Westwood et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2370, "input_1": "The results obtained by our mean field reconstruction gives the high quality reconstructed image as much as one reconstructed by Roth and Black’s simple gradient method.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2371, "input_1": "Interestingly, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a and macrophage inflammatory protein 1a) and macrophage markers (CD68 and EMR1) were not significantly changed between HF-PP and HF-CP despite the reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance, whereas they were significantly increased in HF-CP compared with LF-V consistent with other previous findings (28,29,46,47).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2372, "input_1": "Although it forms the largest ethnic minority group in the UK, the Asian community is not a culturally homogeneous group, a fact that has not been addressed in previous studies of childhood cancer in Asians (Stiller et al., 1991; Powell et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2373, "input_1": "In the protocol for the pre-planned WSNs [19], every broker manages one vector per group, whose element has the number of multicast messages sent to other brokers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2374, "input_1": "Those exo mutants that are defective in succinoglycan production are also blocked in invasion of root nodules, implying that succinoglycan mediates invasion (57, 94, 103, 113).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2375, "input_1": "In general, for this eigenvector to exist and then to be unique, it is sufficient that the web as a graph is strongly connected [27]2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2376, "input_1": "This observation is in agreement with Luize, P.S. et al., who proposed that the loss of the hydroxyl group in neolignans isolated from P. regnellii resulted in the complete loss of activity against epimastigote forms of T. cruzi (Luize et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2377, "input_1": "K+ is the preferred cation for the symport of both neutral and basic amino acids, especially at pH 10 (Hennigan et al. 1993b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2378, "input_1": "The existing string matching approaches in [8], [10], and [4] were implemented.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2379, "input_1": "This combination of questions about risk, benefit, and comfort relate to key attitudinal factors previously identified in the literature for nano-foods from a survey with a convenience sample in Switzerland (Siegrist et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2380, "input_1": "We have also implemented two well-known information retrieval metrics, namely, Precision@K and NDCG [Croft et al. 2009], to evaluate the overall performance of the event detection task.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2381, "input_1": "Holzmann describes in [4] his understanding of the economics of software verification.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2382, "input_1": "…logistic regression analyses, and those factors had previously been found to be associated with children vaccination coverage in the United States (Luman et al., 2004; Santibanez et al., 2006; Zhao and Luman, 2010): children race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white only, non-Hispanic black only,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2383, "input_1": "Specifically, the autonomous vehicle segmentation dataset KITTI (Ros et al. 2015) is used, augmented with 49 additional train images by (Kundu et al. 2014), leading to 149 train and 46 test images, and the CamVid dataset (Brostow, Fauqueur, and Cipolla 2009), split into 525 train and 175 test…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2384, "input_1": "However, these results are not consistent with the study conducted in Austrian previously, in which the -592AA genotype was shown to be associated with a reduced breast cancer risk[19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2385, "input_1": "The fact that the highly virulent Hypr strain is an old isolate, lacking most parts of the V 39NCR, have led to speculations that this virus has evolved by truncations and adapted to the laboratory environments during repeated cultivation in mammalian cells [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2386, "input_1": "…10% of randomly chosen mRNAs were localized to the oocyte (Dubowy and Macdonald, 1998), and the oocyte enrichment of specific mRNAs has been documented including osk, bcd, grk, oo18 RNA-binding protein\n(orb), egl, and BicD (Costa et al., 2005; Mach and Lehmann, 1997; Suter and Steward, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2387, "input_1": "Neurotrophins have been proposed to play a role in neuronal survival, proliferation, maturation, and outgrowth during development, and to show neuroprotective functions after brain injury (3, 4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2388, "input_1": "Two types of purposeful sampling were used to recruit ten participants from physiotherapy [1], occupational therapy [1], kinesiology [1], cognitive behavioural therapy [2], medicine [1], psychology [1], return to work [1], resource specialty [1], and customer service [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2389, "input_1": "That methylation of promoter sequences does not necessarily lead to silencing has been demonstrated before by Sijen et al. (2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2390, "input_1": "Regarding synthetic inhibitors, PC190723 is the most studied compound so far (Haydon et al., 2008, 2010; Andreu et al., 2010; Adams et al., 2011; Elsen et al., 2012; Tan et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2391, "input_1": "The second experiment’s purpose was to sustain long-term relationships between children and the robot, and a mechanism was added to the robot to assist long-term interaction (Kanda et al., 2004 b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2392, "input_1": "%) was a close relative (at 97% identity) of the facultative denitrifying bacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum (which belongs to the Azoarcus cluster) (Kuhner et al., 2005), and the close relative Azoarcus buckelii (Mechichi et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2393, "input_1": "Pg antibody responses correlate well with the presence of PD [25], and higher Pg antibody titers and DAS28 scores have been noted in RA patients with more severe PD [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2394, "input_1": "Replicating our research using a clinical sample of individuals with SAD may produce different results, specifically for positive reaction time bias, as individuals with SAD tend to endorse fewer positive interpretations of ambiguous social sentences and exhibit a greater benign reaction time bias when compared to controls (Amir et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2395, "input_1": "Taken together with the results of Gagliardo et al. (Gagliardo et al., 2006; Gagliardo et al., 2008; Gagliardo et al., 2009), this result strongly suggests that putative ferrimagnetic receptors in the upper beak, lagena or elsewhere do not play a role in homing of pigeons in this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2396, "input_1": "Given the good results observed with this approach [22], the question arose whether this robustness could suffice to enable arbitrary 3D excitations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2397, "input_1": "Finally a last way of\ndeclarative aid in geolocalization was used in Mobivisit project where visitors were asked to fill in a\nthree-field form that then returned as a result their position on a digital map (Damala et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2398, "input_1": "These models are not specified and observe a single phenomenon from different points of view (Maxfield et al., 2002; Parker et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2399, "input_1": "Dissociative conscious sedation or in other words dissociative conscious anesthesia is defined as using an intravenous or subcutaneous injection of “low dose ketamine’ in conjunction with narcotics to achieve an acceptable level of sedation, pain relief and amnesia [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2400, "input_1": "In this study, we generalized previous results regarding the quasi-Gaussian shape and the scalar property using the SBF model [13,21,52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2401, "input_1": "Further details are included in the earlier reports (Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2402, "input_1": "Research investigating reactions to norm-deviations in online settings has to date\nprimarily focused on individuals’ profiles (e.g. Brody & Pena, 2013; McLaughlin & Vitak, 2012; Peña & Brody, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2403, "input_1": "An extension to the symmetric-key setting is given in [21], where it is shown that verification along a path can be performed in parallel.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2404, "input_1": "The isolation vocalizations of infant mice are used as behavioral markers of stress (Rupniak et al., 2000) or disease state (Ricceri et al., 2007; Scattoni et al., 2008; Young et al., 2010; Wohr et al., 2011a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2405, "input_1": "Consistent with this, panobinostat had a detrimental effect on human DC viability and function (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2406, "input_1": "The process that changed the radar backscatter between the pre- and the post-event images is ascribable to the changes of the land cover structure, roughness at the wavelength scale of the C band, and the change of the land dielectric constant (moisture content) in the passage from dense canopy to bare soil [13,19] caused by event landslides.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2407, "input_1": "The sequence entropies of the interface residues are calculated as done earlier [20] using multiple sequence alignments, either from the HSSP database [22], or supplied by the user.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2408, "input_1": "monly seen in men and caused by different fungi, including Madurella mycetomatis, especially frequent in Africa; Madurella grisea, common in South America; and Pseudallescheria boydii (Scedosporium apiospermum), more frequently seen in the USA, but also reported in Europe [48, 49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2409, "input_1": "These results are consistent with our previous in vitro finding that Sef loss can enhance FGF-mediated induction of MMP9 in prostate cancer cells, which facilitates tumour cell invasion and migration [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2410, "input_1": "The impact of the human factors on the software industry and its projects is increasingly discussed and investigated in empirical studies (Hannay et al. 2010; Salleh et al. 2010b; Kosti et al. 2014; Lenberg et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2411, "input_1": "Leite and colleagues demonstrated that ouabain reduced neutrophil migration and decreased vascular permeability in peritonitis [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2412, "input_1": "Strong evidence for its formation in humans by the action of light on the skin and its metabolism by the AhR-inducible CYP1A have been presented [5-7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2413, "input_1": "The structure round function is partially same as of IDEA [10] and Akelarre [5][6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2414, "input_1": "Model equation for inhibition\nModel equations were applied according to the recommendations provided in previous publications (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2415, "input_1": "The TLFBmethod (Sobell and Sobell 1992) was used to obtain self-reported amount and frequency of cannabis use in the past 30 days, and diagnosis of current cannabis use disorders was conducted using the DSM checklist (Hudziak et al. 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2416, "input_1": "The Mapping experimental design was previously created for the genetic mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferring partial resistance in sugar pine (Jermstad et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2417, "input_1": "The mechanism of action probably relates, at least in part, to up regulation of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in HDAC1 null cells (Lagger et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2418, "input_1": "Thicknesses are in the range of previous results reported for lead iodide [17]–[19], [21], [22] and for", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2419, "input_1": "These ultrasound studies were split between endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) [11,26,28,30,39–56] and trans-abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) [24,27,57–61], with patient numbers similar between modalities (1857 for conventional and 1875 for EUS) (Table 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2420, "input_1": "…in substrate competence [Moglen and Bras, 1995], erosive efficiency due to sediment flux [Sklar and Dietrich, 1998] or to orographic precipitation [Roe et al., 2002], transient conditions [Snyder et al., 2000], and/or differential rock uplift rate [Kirby and Whipple, 2001] will impact actual…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2421, "input_1": "Using this procedure allows participants to feel the initial sensations (e.g., tingling or itching) associated with stimulation without any after-effects of stimulation being induced (Nitsche and Paulus, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2422, "input_1": "In [46,77,94] dynamic programming is employed to determine an optimal energy allocation policy over a finite horizon so that the number", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2423, "input_1": "Another common characteristic of co-authorship networks is the existence of community or cluster structure (Girvan and Newman 2002; Newman 2004a; Leskovec et al. 2009; Savić et al. 2015) where clusters are viewed as subsets of nodes that are more densely internally connected than with the rest of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2424, "input_1": "The main absorptive organ in the cephalopod has long been considered to be the cecum [4], and the large cecal sac and intestine are thought to be the main organs of absorption in the Loliginidae [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2425, "input_1": "DTI derived diffusion parameters, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), have been widely used to assess white matter microstructure [16, 17, 25], and has previously been used to detect traumatic brain injury in athletes [6, 10, 18, 49], and military personal following blast-related brain injury [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2426, "input_1": "We have trained a one hidden layer representation on Mnist with a RBM and we have optimized sparsity and spread of information to depth one (we note LV ).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2427, "input_1": "Both pro-apoptotic (e.g., Han et al., 2001; Leskov et al., 2003; Caccamo et al., 2005) and antiapoptotic (e.g., Trougakos and Gonos, 2004; Gleave and Chi, 2005) functions have been ascribed to CLU which is up-regulated in several tissues including testis, following injury or stress.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2428, "input_1": "Optimization Metrics When sampling phrase sets for text entry experiments, memorability and representativeness are two metrics that have been widely adopted by researchers [23, 25, 33, 39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2429, "input_1": "Therefore, our clinical study results are congruent with Bernardio’s (24) and Dollahite’s (1) conclusions regarding the renewal of the biopsy when necessary in cases when it had been performed only from the central area of the lesion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2430, "input_1": "However, despite the fact that a large body of work has been dedicated to concurrent search data structure (CSDS) algorithms [6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 18, 23, 24, 28, 32, 37, 39, 43, 51, 53, 57, 58], their design and implementation remains an onerous task.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2431, "input_1": "…lower compared to the high mean concentrations of Ni reported in Morocco and India (85 and 66.55 mg/kg, respectively) by Al-Jaboobi et al. (2014) and Yadav et al. (2013), but higher than those from Nigeria and India (0.77 and 1.3 mg/kg, respectively) (Rapheal and Adebayo 2011; Brar et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2432, "input_1": "LPC-induced AR and protein Tyr phosphorylation are also blocked by PD98059 (de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2433, "input_1": "All cases met accepted criteria for the diagnosis of PSC,3 PBC,19 or UC.20 Serum liver function tests were performed using routine laboratory methods.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2434, "input_1": "These results about complications are consistent with previously published reports in open surgery [34, 36, 38, 43–47] suggesting that LEMH is as safe as open trisectionectomy in experienced hands.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2435, "input_1": "RT-PCR and expression analysis RNA isolations fromASCs and endothelial cells of 7 different patients were carried out using QIAmp RNABlood Mini Kit (Qiagen), and cDNAs were generated from 40 ng of RNA using the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems); quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR was carried out with an ABI Prism 700 platform as previously described (Martin-padura and colleagues) using primers and probes from the TaqMan Gene Expression Assay (5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2436, "input_1": "In view of the special characteristics of MANETs, epidemic routing algorithms [6] have been proposed to disseminate information in MANETs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2437, "input_1": "Hoffstaedter et al. (2013) identified anterior middle cingulate cortex (aMCC) bilaterally through a convergence of resting-state fMRI and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2438, "input_1": "…carnivores has been a focus for theoretical models (e.g. Macdonald 1983; Carr and Macdonald 1986; Bacon et al. 1991) and empirical studies (e.g. Kruuk 1978; Kruuk and Parish 1982; Mills 1989; Mills and Gorman 1997; Geffen et al. 1992; Patterson and Messier 2001; Valenzuela and Macdonald 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2439, "input_1": "On this task, we find that each of [23]’s ensemble members produces a meaningful output, so we do not include L2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2440, "input_1": "Four publications focused specifically on the lives of women who use drugs [32, 41, 44, 45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2441, "input_1": "However, the apparent absence of multiple spatially periodic extensional fabrics [Ghent and Hansen, 1999] argues against the presence of multiple mechanically distinct layers, unless additional regularly spaced extensional features exist unrecognized.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2442, "input_1": "Cognitive skills are related to behavior in various economic experiments (e.g., Benjamin\net al. 2006, Dohmen et al. 2010; Frederick 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2443, "input_1": "RNA was reverse-transcribed as described previously (Thalor et al., 2012), and the resultant cDNA was used for reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses (Sagor et al., 2013) with the primers listed in Table S1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2444, "input_1": "layers for multi-culturing of tumor and stromal cells side-by-side to mimic the architecture of the native tumor microenvironment [28, 32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2445, "input_1": "Finally, ADMGA is compared with the previously proposed nAMGA, used in [55] to tackle a dynamic knapsack problem with good results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2446, "input_1": ", 2005) as in the operational DOAS retrievals (Boersma et al., 2007; 10 Bucsela et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2447, "input_1": "…is bifunctional: it contributes to FS engulfment and it forms a feeding channel that allows nutrients (and possibly regulatory signals) to be transferred from the MC to the FS during spore assembly (Broder and Pogliano, 2006; Camp and Losick, 2009; Doan et al., 2009; Higgins and Dworkin, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2448, "input_1": "These interactions are only quantifiable in a realistic way by means of heat balance models (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 1998; Höppe 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2449, "input_1": "Meanwhile, we analyzed its performance regarding friendship estimation among children (Kanda et al., 2004 c) for these two experiments, finding better estimation for the children who interacted with it for a long time.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2450, "input_1": "Image segmentation techniques have been proposed from various perspectives, including clustering methods [94], region-growing methods [95], level set methods [96, 97], and a recently proposed inverse diffusion and expectation-maximization algorithm for materials images [98].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2451, "input_1": "Nuclear extracts were prepared with the methods previously described (10, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2452, "input_1": "Sexual function was assessed by a non-validated questionnaire designed for women with OASIS and developed by an expert group[20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2453, "input_1": "…M. Beale The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK\none stage of the life cycle may impact upon subsequent life history parameters (Post et al. 1997), whilst the inXuence of climate on multiple demographic parameters in the same species has rarely been studied in any taxon…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2454, "input_1": "The treatment order was determined by the level of evidence in the literature for each treatment((5)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2455, "input_1": "But, pedicle screw fixation has its own risks, so that spinal fixation using pedicle screws is technically demanding [2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 13] and many reports have been published about complications following transpedicular instrumentation [2, 4, 6, 17, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2456, "input_1": "The methylated RARb2 levels were detected using either methylation specific PCR (MSP)[21,32,34–36] or quantitative methylation specific PCR (QMSP)[26–31,33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2457, "input_1": "BBS4 appears to act as an adaptor that connects p150 subunit of dynein transport machinery with PCM-1 and thus assists the centrosomal recruitment of PCM-1 and its associated centrosomal proteins required for the organization of microtubule radiations from the centrosome (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2458, "input_1": "This relative amount was less than in a previous report (Gatewood et al., 1987), in which approximately 15% of histone remained unreplaced in mature sperm nuclei; we suspect that our methodology for nuclear protein extraction was not optimal for analysis of histone, or that relative collection of protamine was increased by our method.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2459, "input_1": "Basal Methabolic Rate (BMR), Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE), Training Energy Expenditure (TEE) of all subjects have been estimated, Metabolic equivalent (MET) of each dance for all subject have been evaluated by a Sensewear ArmBand metabolic holter as previously reported (Mafra et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2460, "input_1": "If a promoter is partially methylated, this does not necessarily prevent the promoter from being active, as was demonstrated for the 35S promoter by Sijen et al. (2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2461, "input_1": "These definitions rest on the assumption that flipped teaching alters traditional instruction so that deeper levels of learning can take place in class rather than rely on homework (Gannod et al., 2008; Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin et al. , 2014; Prober & Khan, 2013; Strayer, 2012; Tucker, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2462, "input_1": "Here, fine motor function was assessed using an independent rater, the HPT, a commonly used outcome for stroke rehabilitation [16,17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2463, "input_1": "Elevated serum BAFF levels are involved in the pathogenesis of B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [12], multiple sclerosis (MS) [13], systemic sclerosis (SS) [14] and RA [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2464, "input_1": "Up to now, several studies [21-26] and one meta-analyses [15] have investigated the relationship of CCND1 rs9344 G>A polymorphism with GC; however, the results were inconclusive and ambiguous.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2465, "input_1": "Sunitinib is one of several agents, including sorafenib, bevacizumab, and temsirolimus, which target the inhibition of pro-angiogenic growth factor activity and have shown favorable results in clinical trials against metastatic clear-cell RCC [15-17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2466, "input_1": "The results in the two groups after 8 weeks were similar (p > 0.05) and comparable to the normal values found in the specialized literature at 8 weeks after surgery (Andrews et al., 1996; Greis et al., 2002; Maffiuletti, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2467, "input_1": "…to use a pitch difference in distinguishing the stop categories, where both vowels following aspirated and tense stops are produced with a higher pitch than those following lenis stop onsets (Jun 1996, Kang 2014, Kim 2004, Kong et al. 2011, Lee and Jongman 2012, Oh 2011, Silva 2006, Wright 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2468, "input_1": "The classic formulation of the adaptation method assumes a decrease in the signal following repetitive presentation of the same stimulus and a signal recovery following presentation of the same adaptors with different test stimuli (Grill-Spector and Malach, 2001; Grill-Spector et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2469, "input_1": "Gestational age was assessed by mothers’ report of their last menstrual period (87 newborns), early ultrasound dating (two newborns) and New Ballard Score examination (six newborns).(2) Anthropometric measurements of the infants were taken two hours after delivery by nurses previously trained.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2470, "input_1": "An effect of similar magnitude to our results was noted in the US Black Women’s Health Study (n 1⁄4 35,224) (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2471, "input_1": "The proposed method is evaluated by combining the classifiers recognizing unconstrained handwritten numerals from Concordia University [10] and the University of California, Irvine (UCI) [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2472, "input_1": "3 Perceived reachability Perceived reachability (PR) is a relatively new concept in IS/IT research, but has been used with research dealing with wireless technology, for example by Kim and Garrison (2009), who were among the first to incorporate PR into the TAM framework. PR refers to “an individual’s perception regarding the degree to which he or she can “reach” other individuals “anytime-and-anywhere” via mobile wireless technology” (Kim and Garrison, 2009, p. 326). Thus, PR refers to the capability to connect with others. Sales jobs can necessitate spending a considerable amount of work time away from the employer’s base, and it can be argued that mobile technology provides an ideal enhancement for salespeople. Indeed real time responses to customers improve the working processes of salespeople (Sheng et al., 2005). Moreover, Rivers and Dart (1999) suggested that timely information could improve the quality of any sales effort.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2473, "input_1": "These results show differences in connectivity in a similar network as the previous study by Repovš and Barch (2012) showing group differences in connectivity with increasingworkingmemory load between the Fronto-Parietal networks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2474, "input_1": "Only a fraction of all these molecules have been used in taxonomy (Frisvad et al. 2007b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2475, "input_1": "Discontinuous PWM techniques for multiphase inverters have received some attention as well, and such PWM schemes are available for five-phase and seven-phase inverters [3-6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2476, "input_1": "However, a thorough analysis of type VI collagen products during development has unveiled an elaborate pattern of expression (Marvulli et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2477, "input_1": "Recently, 3D-CNNs have been widely used for various 3D data analysis tasks such as 3D detection or classification [39, 31, 29], semantic segmentation [7, 32] and reconstruction [44, 6, 45, 15, 49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2478, "input_1": "Field studies generally find a carbon enrichment of 0 to 2‰ and 3 to 5‰ for nitrogen, for each increase in trophic level (Peterson and Fry 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2479, "input_1": "…et al., 1981; Kopp et al., 1992; Tiruppathi et al., 1996; Blazejewski et al., 1997), a glycoprotein that has been shown to be involved in protein binding (especially of albumin) in other epithelia (Kopp et al., 1992; Blazejewski et al., 1997), could perform this function at the blood–CSF interface.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2480, "input_1": "When IL-17 is blocked during a high-dose challenge, neutrophil recruitment is hindered, and this may alter subsequent development of inflammation (55).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2481, "input_1": "Springer\nInstruments\nData collection consisted of a questionnaire packet composed of three parts: demographic questions, a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) (Straus, 1979), and a modified version of the Domestic Violence Self-Labeling Scale (DVSLS) (Hamby & Gray-Little, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2482, "input_1": "Our results support the antibiotic hypothesis of Beattie et al. (1984); the toxicity of ant cuticular secretions to pollen grains may indeed help to explain why ant pollination is rare.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2483, "input_1": "In addition, fast rat motoneurons fire in vivo at frequencies of between 80 and 100 Hz with even higher frequencies at the beginning of bursts (Gorassini et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2484, "input_1": "Under chemical ionization (CI), ions with mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 331, 333, and 337 were monitored for glucose, and ions with m/z ratios of 375 and 376 were monitored for mannitol (6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2485, "input_1": "Dot Probe Reliability\nTo estimate the reliability of the bias scores, a permutation approach was used (e.g., MacLeod et al. 2010; Enock et al. 2014; Waechter et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2486, "input_1": "in 17 patients (mainly femoral- and iliac-artery thromboembolism and aortic thrombosis in 11 neonates) [13, 14, 23, 36, 41].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2487, "input_1": "…ability of various urea transporters to handle different analogs of urea has proven to be diagnostic of the presence and categorization of urea transporters in fish (Schmidt-Nielsen and Rabinowitz 1964; Wood et al. 1998; McDonald et al. 2000, 2002, 2003; Pilley and Wright 2000; Walsh et al. 2001a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2488, "input_1": "Furthermore, some SNPs of MMP-1 have been demonstrated to be significantly associated with increased risk for the development of lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer [6–8,11–13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2489, "input_1": "Several target genes of miR-218 have been identified, including BMI1 [28], LAMB3 [26, 27] and LASP1 [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2490, "input_1": "The trait agreement (rT) is computed separately for each of K personality traits across all N pairs of judges, while the profile agreement (rP) is calculated across K personality traits for each individual target-judge pair (Allik et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2491, "input_1": "In addition, the interdependence of PCM-1 with ciliopathy proteins, BBS4 (12,20) and CEP290, for proper subcellular localization further supports the connection between PCM-1 and the primary cilium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2492, "input_1": "Earlier work (Pan et al. 2006a) had suggested that it was necessary to raise the temperature of the organosolv pretreatment up to 195 C and increase the H2SO4 loading to 1.5% to reduce the amount of rejects in the resulting solid substrate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2493, "input_1": "Increased levels of C1QA are found in aged human brains suggesting a possible contribution of the complement cascade to age-related cognitive decline [30], but the impact of exercise on complement activation in the human brain has not been studied.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2494, "input_1": "(83), Step 1 becomes equivalent to a class of the shortest distance competition in various specific forms (Xu, 1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2495, "input_1": "The discretization is implemented within the DUNE numerics environment [3,4], centered around dune-gdt [23]: the dune-stuff [24] module provides classes for vectors, matrices and linear solvers (for instance the bicgstab.amg.ilu0 solver used in these experiments), dune-gdt provides the discretization building blocks (such as discrete function spaces, operators, products and functionals), and dune-hdd1 provides parametric discretizations compatible with pyMOR [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2496, "input_1": "The maximum entropy models are trained on all events extracted from training data word alignments using the LBFGS algorithm (Malouf, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2497, "input_1": "Another study investigating brain volumes in cannabisexposed patients with first-episode schizophrenia compared to non-exposed patients revealed no differences between the subgroups for total brain volume, total grey and white matter, ventricles, cerebellum and caudate except a decreased asymmetry of the lateral ventricles in the cannabis-exposed patients [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2498, "input_1": "…the inner magnetosphere [Lui and Hamilton, 1992; De Michelis et al., 1999], the magnetosheath [Phan et al., 1994], and the plasma sheet [DeCoster and Frank, 1979; Takahashi and Hones, 1988], we have extended the global MHD model BATS-R-US [Powell et al., 1999] to solve for anisotropic ion pressure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2499, "input_1": "Selective knockdown of Cn A and I B abolished the signaling, and caused a reversal of the metabolic properties and invasive behavior in mtDNA-depleted C2C12 cells (Biswas et al., 2003, 2008b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2500, "input_1": "To tackle this problem, we employ a recently proposed online dictionary method [8] to update the shape dictionary.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2501, "input_1": "DNA methylation of F1 hybrids was significantly lower than those of corresponding controls in our study, which corroborates results from previous publications (Xiong et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2502, "input_1": "utilised Cox Proportional Hazards model which accounted for these patients in the analysis [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2503, "input_1": "Statistical differences were analyzed using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA in the CPP experiment and by Student t-test in the morphine withdrawal.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2504, "input_1": "Gait assessment\nA previously described computerized force-sensitive system was used to quantify gait cycle timing, specifically the swing time and the stride-to-stride variability of swing time (Yogev et al. 2005; Bazner et al. 2000; Frenkel-Toledo et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2505, "input_1": "The following mutants and transformants have been described previously: ST:YFP (Grebe et al., 2003); BRI1:GFP (Russinova et al., 2004); AUX1:HA (Swarup et al., 2001); AUX1:YFP (Swarup et al., 2004); GNOMM696L-myc (Geldner et al., 2003); and orc (Willemsen et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2506, "input_1": "The more parent nodes Pa(X) contains, the larger the deviation is because of the increasing model complexity and hence the increasing ‘difficulty in estimation’ [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2507, "input_1": "While the assumption of tissue homogeneity in the probed volume may be adequate for small animal or infant human brain imaging [53], and may yield robust and reproducible measurements in the adult human brain [37], dependence of the optical coefficients to source detector separations have been reported in several studies [37,53,54,55,56,57], indicating a non-negligible depth dependence of the tissue composition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2508, "input_1": "Testing of balance control involved recording biomechanical responses during two perturbation protocols: gait termination (Perry et al., 2001) and gait over uneven terrain (Perry et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2509, "input_1": "Although pleural and pericardial effusions are common in SLE and may occur at any time during the disease [5, 6], chylous ascites and chylothorax have rarely been described in patients with SLE [2, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2510, "input_1": "The lower abundance of fish at impacted reaches detected in our study agrees with the results of other authors, who in some cases found four times higher biomass at control reaches (Kube cka et al. 1997; Almod ovar & Nicola 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2511, "input_1": "…People’s Republic of China\nand habitat modification can affect the population dynamics of Aurelia spp. across different stages of their life cycle and thus have been proposed as possible causes of jellyfish blooms (Richardson et al., 2009; Dong et al., 2010; Purcell, 2012; Duarte et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2512, "input_1": "CT and MRI imaging studies are very helpful during the first hours of evolution of the condition; it has been said that there are some lesions suggestive of vasculitis, including a disrupted white-grey matter connectivity, parenchymal punctiform lesions, or multiple focal lesions [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2513, "input_1": "Apical color M-mode recordings were obtained at a depth of 16 to 18 cm and a Nyquist limit of 18 to 25 cm/s (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2514, "input_1": "However, knowing MWEs at the source side already can improve the quality of MT (Carpuat and Diab 2010), and sometimes it is better to transliterate them instead of translating them (Pal et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2515, "input_1": "We adhered to the gamete collection and larvae rearing methods of Krupp [38] and Schwarz et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2516, "input_1": "On the other hand, a Newtonian method like the one considered in [16] never leaves the line x1 = x2 and convergence to the saddle point (0, 0) is expected.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2517, "input_1": "If there is a significant impact of GSH on the child’s development, this could potentially be widespread and to test and treat for GSH is reasonably “low-cost” [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2518, "input_1": "SMA is an autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence of 1 in 10,000 and a carrier incidence of 1 in 50 (Ogino and Wilson, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2519, "input_1": "The validated Malay version of GAD-7 which was found to have good sensitivity and specificity was used in this study [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2520, "input_1": "BDD patients repeatedly seek treatments to find solutions for their defects and majority are dissatisfied with their results and consultations.[23] All the BDD patients in this study who had sought previous treatments expressed dissatisfaction.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2521, "input_1": "This result is consistent with previous results showing that activation of kB-dependent reporter plasmids in response to Ras was inefficient in RelA-deficient cells (Finco et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2522, "input_1": "To find the importance samples X[t+1] Pre from X[t], we simply adopt the k-means clustering algorithm [5, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2523, "input_1": "In immune cell signalling, rafts are hypothesized to be \"platforms\" for raft-philic adaptor proteins such as LAT in Tcells [33,34], with these proteins insulated from others with different signals.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2524, "input_1": "Although, MPOD is often positively associated with dietary and serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations [26], conflicting results have been reported on the influence of sex [22], age [8], BMI [2,31], and other postprandial or environmental factors (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2525, "input_1": "…or sports (Stewart et al., 2001), although older adults are more likely to engage in the former type of physical activity (duration ratio = 3:1; Yasunaga et al., 2006), and (b) the accelerometer becomes less accurate when measuring lowintensity physical activity such as general household…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2526, "input_1": "For the mapping design, we followed principles drawn by [11], with respect to the tri-partite model consisting of binary mapping, basic parametric mapping and expressive mapping.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2527, "input_1": "Cut green leaves were immediately taken to the field laboratory where the apoplastic solution was extracted using a vacuum infiltration technique (Husted and Schjoerring, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2528, "input_1": "At the time of this analysis, MOSAIK was unable to align reads from the Applied Biosystems SOLiD technology because of the dinucleotide encoding (also termed “color-space” alignments) that this technology uses (Valouev et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2529, "input_1": "This section recaptures some basic results on multifractal products of stochastic processes as developed in Kahane (1985), Kahane (1987) and Mannersalo et al (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2530, "input_1": "One of the difficulties encountered here is that the step-by-step construction of local solutions to the discontinuous equation with delays is no longer valid if the delays are time-varying and distributed (see [22]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2531, "input_1": "Only recently, Cai et al. (2014) reported on the isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment (and water) from North Atlantic, Canada.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2532, "input_1": "Diarrhea as observed in the broiler chicks treated with CY (Sharaf et al., 2009) might have lead to excess fluid loss and can be correlated with hemoconcentration, which might have resulted in increased total plasma proteins in the present study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2533, "input_1": "PAR has been described using the image of a spiral (Williamson et al., 2004), and various authors report the suitability of the application of this method to the management of change within organizations (Coghlan and Casey, 2001; Coyer et al., 2007; Kelly and Simpson 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2534, "input_1": "br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al. (2001) even found different morula and blastocyst rates among clonal colonies obtained from the same donor cell fetus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2535, "input_1": "To prove the necessity of the condition, we use the convergence results of Bousch and Mairesse (2006) and a result of Baccelli (1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2536, "input_1": "Moreover, phytochelatins have been found to be more effective at preventing oxidative stress than GSH (Tsuji et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2537, "input_1": "These results are similar to other reports [34] in which the proportion of J-Lat cells displaying GFP epifluorescence was synergistically increased by prostratin/ HDACI cotreatments compared to treatments with the compounds alone.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2538, "input_1": "Local feature descriptors (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005) have been extensively studied, especially since the seminal works by Schmid and Mohr (1997) and Lowe (2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2539, "input_1": "Following the procedure outlined by Dasgupta and Rivera (2006), the items of both subscales were randomly intermixed and the order of the items was counterbalanced among participants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2540, "input_1": "Testing the questionnaire\nFinally, 136 recruited patients were evaluated using the Persian version of FABQ, VAS scale as well as validated Persian version of RMDQ.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2541, "input_1": "The myocardial performance index (MPI) was calculated from the pulsed-wave tissue Doppler tracings, which have been shown to correlate with values from spectral Doppler tracings with similar diagnostic value [5, 10, 11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2542, "input_1": "…feeding of energydense diets over short periods to cull cows could be profitable (Sawyer et al., 2004), improve carcass characteristics (Swingle et al., 1979; Matulis et al., 1987; Cranwell et al., 1996a; Stelzleni et al., 2007) and meat quality (Cranwell et al., 1996b; Stelzleni et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2543, "input_1": "[2] (the Cornell protocol) were each attempts to provide clear and concise screening mechanisms for the large number of patients likely to present for diagnosis and therapy after a bioterrorism-related outbreak.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2544, "input_1": "Significant decrease in CTFC was observed in the culprit vessel compared to the non-culprit vessel within the ic group in all subgroups (STEMI vs. NSTEACS, visible vs. no visible thrombus, and TIMI flow 0-1 vs. 2-3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2545, "input_1": "However, other reports have suggested that HG does not influence growth restriction [14, 15], birth weight [11, 16, 17], or risk for SGA [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2546, "input_1": "…Aldrich, 1993a; Mead et al., 1998; Mullmann et al., 1999), or the channel (MacKinnon and Miller, 1989; Myers and Stampe, 2000), or by charge screening (Anderson et al., 1988; MacKinnon and Miller, 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991; Giangiacomo et al., 1992, Murrell-Lagnado and Aldrich, 1993b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2547, "input_1": "As in previous studies [30,31,43,44,45,46,47], context was enforced using a strong visual cue, with the two separate word lists each being associated with a different detailed visual poster in front of participants, with the instruction for participants to associate each word on the screen with the poster in front of them.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2548, "input_1": "Kongkam et al. 2009 (40) Case series report Morphine or other opioid and\nnonopioid drugs Meningitis in 2 of 13 patients (15.4%); paraspinous abscess with\nbacterial meningitis during IT pump use in one patient required pump removal; subclavian venous catheter sepsis and intracardiac fungal ball…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2549, "input_1": "Johnson (2002) noted different temporal patterns of fruit production between Andringitra and Ranomafana National Parks, which are only 115 km apart in SE Madagascar.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2550, "input_1": "Using these additional analyses, some other authors observed no cleavage of a GFP fusion protein (Surribas et al. 2006, 2007; Tang et al. 2008; Sjöblom et al. 2012), indicating that the cleavage we observed is likely to be product-specific.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2551, "input_1": "Peña and Brody (2014) demonstrated that both reactions mainly occur when deviant posts are perceived as reflecting negatively on their recipient.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2552, "input_1": "The result that time-matched trials with single and two cues lead to the same performance is in line with the prediction from the threeembedded-components model (Oberauer, 2002, 2009) and furthermore in agreement with the results of Landman et al. (2003), who did not find any significant differences between single-cue and two-cue trials in a similar experiment with a shorter time frame.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2553, "input_1": "coli cells, corresponding cDNA fragments were cloned into the expression vector pGEMEX-2Nde, which contained an isopropyl-2-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG)–inducible promoter (Thöny et al. 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2554, "input_1": "In Akt2 KO mice, such lack of miR-155 decreased M1 and promoted M2 phenotype in a CEBPβ-dependent manner [51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2555, "input_1": "Additionally, we found that the myoendothelial gap junction-dependent differentiation of PASMCs was mediated at least partly by TGF- signaling (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2556, "input_1": "The instrument has been used as a gold standard in studies on the validity of screening instruments for common mental disorders in primary care (Jacob et al. 1997; Patel et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2557, "input_1": "Briefly, mice, after acclimation, were randomly assigned into 8 groups of 15 each, housed individually and fed the AIN93G diet, the high-fat diet, or the corresponding SPI-containing diets with or without access to in-cage activity wheels (Lafayette Instrument, Lafayette, IN, USA) [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2558, "input_1": "1, A and B) have been extensively reported (Rodrigues-Lima et al., 2001; Grant, 2008; Butcher and Minchin, 2012), making this enzyme an ideal intracellular candidate to investigate the consequences of nanoparticleenzyme interactions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2559, "input_1": "Conversely, the LOSs in our analysis were similar between groups, while studies usually describe a longer LOS for men (12, 13, 20, 21, 23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2560, "input_1": "The extirpation of ground squirrels from the boreal forest (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011), poor active-season survival, low recruitment rates, immigration from nearby low elevation-meadow habitat and population growth rates <1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2561, "input_1": "…the factors that make some services more amenable for offshore BPO (Apte and Mason 1995; Mithas and Whitaker 2005; Venkatraman 2004), and examines supplier capabilities, best practices, and lessons from BPO using case-based research (Cullen et al. 2005; Feeny et al. 2005; Lacity et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2562, "input_1": "It has also produced promising results in language translation [57], reconstructing brain circuits [58], question answering [59], and natural language understanding [60].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2563, "input_1": "As the ALSOVA study did not use a validated instrument to rate pain, somatic symptoms (symptoms of discomfort) were evaluated for their association with analgesic use, and assessed with one screening question ‘discomfort and symptoms’ from the 15D self-administered, validated, health-related QoL questionnaire [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2564, "input_1": "Johnson (2002) documented variations in fruit availability for 2 sites only 7 km apart in Andringitra National Park.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2565, "input_1": "…excessive absorption of calcium from the intestine due to the increased vitamin D, excessive bone resorption, reduced renal excretion of calcium and increased total serum calcium due to increased protein bound and/or complexed calcium with normal ionized calcium levels (Rosol and Capen, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2566, "input_1": "These events impair themetabolic processes of the cell and affect K channels in mitochondria [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2567, "input_1": "2009 (40) Case series report Morphine and other opioid and/or nonopioid drugs Pump dislodgment/migration in 2 of 13 patients (15.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2568, "input_1": "Actual estimations performed in this study–whose results are reported in the next sections—employ analysis in R, following a set of instructions provided by Penn State [32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2569, "input_1": "However, a more stringent microarray experiment found that most of the low fluence rate UV-B induced genes depend on either of the two bZIP transcription factors HY5 and HYH (Oravecz et al. 2006,\nPhysiol.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2570, "input_1": "…gene expression experiments on many kinds of white-rot basidiomycetes (Alves et al. 2004; Hirano et al. 2000; Irie et al. 2001; Kajita et al. 2004; Kuo et al. 2004; Li et al. 2000; Ma et al.\n2001; Mayfield et al. 1994; Schuren et al. 1993; Schuren and Wessels 1994; Sollewijn Gelpke et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2571, "input_1": "[4] reported considerably higher cut points than in the current study (sedentary #800 counts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2572, "input_1": "On the same day and in the same place, the subjects underwent two different evaluations of the spine curvature: (1) X-rays and (2) measurement with the arcometer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2573, "input_1": "As a kind of PRRs in innate immunity, TLR4 has a crucial role that mediates signal pathway, and produces inflammatory cytokines, as well as promotes neutrophil chemotaxis [13–16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2574, "input_1": "IMTG fractional synthesis rate was calculated as previously described for use with stable isotopes in humans, using plasma palmitate as the precursor pool from which IMTG is synthesized (47):\n IMTG FSR(%h) EIMTG palm (t1) EIMTG palm (t0)\n Eplasma palm (t1) Eplasma palm (t0)\n 1 4 100\n where EIMTG palm(t1) and Eplasma palm(t1) are enrichments of palmitate in IMTG and plasma after 4 h of infusion and EIMTG palm(t0) and Eplasma palm(t0) are enrichments of background palmitate in IMTG and plasma, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2575, "input_1": "These findings are consistent with previous reports (10, 13, 24) that IL-1 and TNF-a increase ICAM-1 expression by .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2576, "input_1": "This study was conducted and reported using the following checklists: AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) [15] and PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) [16] (S1 Appendix).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2577, "input_1": "Starting in 2003, DAISY began sending a Youth Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ) to children aged 10 years or older, so that these older children could report their own diets [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2578, "input_1": "We calculated the observed MAF for each SNP with CoAncestry [29] by taking the frequency of the least frequent allele and averaged that over all loci to obtain average MAF.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2579, "input_1": "…different site between SMN1 and SMN2 is shown in black ic position; REF, reference allele of the SNPs; ALT, alternative allele of the SNPs; H,\nwidely applied in clinics (Handyside, 2011, 2013; Tan et al., 2013; Jones et al., 2014; Fan et al., 2015; Lukaszuk et al., 2015b; Zimmerman et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2580, "input_1": "In this work we consider the automatic generation of test inputs for programs written in the logic programming language Mercury [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2581, "input_1": ", inhibition of cell death and stimulation of proliferation) of the cytokine on various cell types of the cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2582, "input_1": "This is in accordance with the results of previous studies concerning other autoimmune disorders [12–14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2583, "input_1": "Using whole-Pg lysates, a Pg-specific lipopolysaccharide or recombinant citrullinated Pg PAD, other investigators have previously demonstrated increased frequencies of Pg antibody responses in patients with chronic RA compared with healthy control participants [5,13-16,22], as we did using whole-sonicate antigens.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2584, "input_1": "Krohel and Hepler [1] 1979 51/M Middle cranial fossa, optic nerve Unilateral advanced glaucoma", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2585, "input_1": "Previous research has shown that EC and EI can be significantly affected by other confounding/ independent factors such as field moisture capacity, position of the positive plant electrode and negative soil electrode, and soil/root temperature (Aubrecht et al. 2006; Dietrich et al. 2013; Postic and Claude 2016). EC increases gradually with increasing field moisture and plateaus when field moisture reaches maximum soil water capacity (Dalton 1995; Dietrich et al. 2013). The current research supports these previous results, as the EC increased and EI decreased following irrigation, regardless of treatments (Table 2). Dalton (1995) explained that a decrease in EC was caused by less effective root tissue in contact with soil medium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2586, "input_1": "In (Rüdiger et al., 2007a) the dependability of a system was defined as:\nDefinition 7.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2587, "input_1": "…among grapevine cultivars, different molecular markers such as RAPD (Moreno et al. 1995), AFLP (Cervera et al. 1998), SSR (Bowers et al. 1996; Sefc et al. 1999), ISSR (Moreno et al. 1998), S-SAP (D’Onofrio et al. 2010), REMAP (Castro et al. 2012), and SAMPL (Cretazzo et al. 2010) were used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2588, "input_1": "For uncertainty of positional data, there is large numbers of research documents (Shi and Liu, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2589, "input_1": "This was in agreement with previous results [62,63], but not with those supporting the emergence of Capsaspora at the base of the group composed of Choanoflagellata and Metazoa [64,65].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2590, "input_1": "In terms of computational complexity, the model checking task on ATL can be done in polynomial time wrt to the size of the game structure [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2591, "input_1": "The D-HOTM system is based on the Text Mining Infrast ucture (TMI) developed by the parallel and distributed text mining lab at Lehigh University [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2592, "input_1": "Since 2001, a large number of DHT designs have been introduced, such as Chord [2], CAN [3], Pastry [4], Tapestry [5], Kademlia [17], etc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2593, "input_1": "Hence, a form of approach–avoidance conflict is apparent (Holmes, 2001; Lister, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2594, "input_1": "Direct segments [46] and redundant memory mappings [184] reduce address translation overheads by mapping large contiguous virtual memory to contiguous physical address space which reduces address translation overheads by increasing the reach of TLB entries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2595, "input_1": "…substantial evidence for an evolutionarily conserved function for the yeast and mammalian retromer complexes in regulating retrieval of TGN resident cargo from endosomes (Horazdovsky et al., 1997; Seaman et al., 1997; Seaman et al., 1998; Arighi et al., 2004; Seaman, 2004; Carlton et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2596, "input_1": "Patients\nAdults expected to be on mechanical ventilation for C3 days were included if they had a clinical diagnosis of Gram-negative hospital-acquired pneumonia (diagnosed C48 h after hospital admission), VAP (diagnosed [48 h after intubation), or HCAP (pneumonia in patients with a recent stay in an acute or long-term care facility) [10]; had a clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) of C6 (as defined by Fartoukh et al. [11] excluding the microbiologic criteria therein); and at least one of four risk factors for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (hospital stay of at least 5 days or an HCAP diagnosis; antibiotic use in the past 2 weeks; and history of colonization or exposure to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens) [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2597, "input_1": "We mimic the procedure used in [13]: An offline training set is used to learn an initial model and hyperparameters, then an online training set is used to evaluate incremental learning.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2598, "input_1": "…BG.\nNestin is a forerunner to GFaP in the cytoskeleton during ontogenesis of the nervous system (hockfield and McKay 1985; Marvin et al. 1998; Kalman and ajtai 2001; Mudo et al. 2009) and in the cerebellum (Yamada and Watanabe 2002) as well. these articles described that\n1 3\nnestin first…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2599, "input_1": "For a detailed description of the test system, see Timmermann et al. (2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2600, "input_1": "Dyck and Zingales (2004)\n5\nmeasure these benefits using an event study methodology.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2601, "input_1": "In line with the previously mentioned regulatory role of glutamate on the HPA axis VGluT1 and even more VGluT2 were found in the hypothalamus, suggesting a direct glutamatergic innervation of the PVN (Herman et al. 2004) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2602, "input_1": "The right maxilla of Bahinia preserves the morphology of the snout and an integral segment of the orbit (Kay et al. 2004: Figure 8). The specimen is full of cracks and has probably suffered some distortion via bilateral compression and displacement of fragments high up between the orbit and nasal aperture. nevertheless, it appears to preserve a faithful approximation of the shape of the lateral aspect of the face, especially in the maxillary region between toothrow and orbit. The segment of the inferior orbital margin that Kay et al. (2004) used as a basis for judging orbit size remains fairly intact.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2603, "input_1": "2 using a previously described method (primer sequences provided in Supporting Information Table S1) (Lossin et al., 2002, 2003; Rhodes et al., 2004; Ohmori et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2604, "input_1": "The PSO algorithm provides good results using population size between 20 and 100 [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2605, "input_1": "For instance, Ferreira and Swets [40] used the production of equations to study the scope of advance planning in sentence production; Bock et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2606, "input_1": "2005) without reservation and none of the features invoked by Jaeger et al. (1999) have been reassessed or challenged in detail, with the exception of the character analysis by Gunnell and Miller (2001). This defining list of traits overlaps considerably the battery of features long used to support the adapid-anthropoid hypothesis and now regarded as likely convergences (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2607, "input_1": "These results are in line with\nseveral other studies (Mattson 1980; Ayres and MacLean 1987; Kause et al. 1999; van der Wal et al. 2000; Graglia et al. 2001; Lempa et al. 2004; Hansen et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2608, "input_1": "05, minimum cluster size 64 voxels) [Woo et al., 2014] for the primary analysis of regions showing increasing activity with distance from the home location.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2609, "input_1": "Graph-based methods minimize a loss function on the graph by methodologies such as graph minicut [1], Gaussian random field [27], local and global consistency [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2610, "input_1": "CVL1 and CVP2 dephosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 and, by acting in opposition to PIP-kinases (Carland and Nelson, 2009; Carland and Nelson, 2004), help tightly regulate the levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2 necessary for initiation of endocytosis during PIN1 trafficking (Rodriguez-Villalon et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2611, "input_1": "Construct validity of the CORE as a measure of melancholia Vares et al. (2015) investigated the underlying dimensions of depression comparing instruments that measure depression from different perspectives – namely, a self-report symptomatic scale (Beck Depression Inventory), a clinician-rated scale (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and the CORE measure of PMD, in a Brazilian sample.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2612, "input_1": "Suppression subtractive hybridization and differential hybridization screening To compare gene expression in GC collected from OF versus DF, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed as previously described [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2613, "input_1": "When the IF cells are mixed with paramecia, the bacteria are soon engulfed in the host digestive vacuoles, from which they escape to the host cytoplasm and penetrate the macronuclear envelope with the invasion tip (Fujishima & Fujita, 1985; Görtz & Wiemann, 1989; Iwatani et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2614, "input_1": "It has been suggested that biphasic theory may explain the apparent viscoelastic behavior of single fascicles [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2615, "input_1": "9%) used in this study are considered low doses and were based on previous studies (Passos et al. 2008; Grotto et al. 2011; Guo et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2616, "input_1": "FCCP is a proton ionophore that 1) depolarizes DCm by dissipating the H 1 gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria (11, 12, 19), 2) releases Ca(21) from the mitochondria into the cytosol (11, 12, 19, 36, 64), and 3) inhibits ATP production by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation (23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2617, "input_1": "populations that are considered to be at no risk for tuberculosis infection, with negative results assumed to be accurate [3, 4, 6, 10, 13, 20, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2618, "input_1": "As a quality measure for the fundamental matrix we use the error dF according to [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2619, "input_1": "While these findings appear counterintuitive, the coexistence of diagnostic indices of both normal and reduced systolic function is common and difficult to reconcile in HFpEF (Tan et al. 2009; Norman et al. 2011; Hiemstra et al. 2013; Marshall et al. 2013) and results from this study contribute to this interesting and often observed paradox.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2620, "input_1": "Competition can also be heightened through the use of ‘shade’ – backhanded remarks offered by judges or other ball participants (Galindo, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2621, "input_1": "There was a review of why patients may not participate in telehealth research, but this was in relation to telehealth studies in general, rather than RCTs specifically [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2622, "input_1": "Some studies have shown that hyperglycemia (Hanlon et al., 1998) and a history of diabetes (Miller et al., 1998) increase the risk of\nhospitalization among older adults.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2623, "input_1": "Another HD-Zip target gene identification study was done using micro-array analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing Hahb-4 from sunflower (Manavella et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2624, "input_1": "2000) and MsDef1 (Ramamoorthy et al., 2007) were added to conidium suspensions to final concentrations of 20 and 50 mM, respectively for", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2625, "input_1": "Both in in vivo and in cultured cells the Na+/K+ATPase activity is modulated by Ang II (Muscella et al. 1997, 2000, Bharatula et al. 1998, Hussain et al. 1998, Buhagiar et al. 1999, Yingst et al. 2000, Zhang & Mayeux 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2626, "input_1": "To verify the inaccuracies introduced by such an approximation we conducted simulation experiments using the J-Sim [16] simulation environment for wireless sensor networks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2627, "input_1": "The tig1 mutant also had increased sensitivities to PR protein osmotin and plant defensin MsDef1 (Coca et al., 2000; Ramamoorthy et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2628, "input_1": "Homogenates prepared as above were subject to immunoprecipitation followed by kinase assays, or Western blot was performed using the indicated antibodies, as described previously (24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2629, "input_1": "…error monitoring, observed consistently in the literature (Carter et al., 1998; Gehring and Knight, 2000; Holroyd and Coles, 2002; Luu et al., 2000; Ullsperger and Von Cramon, 2003), the ERN/Ne can be used to examine the effects of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol (Ridderinkhof et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2630, "input_1": "…Gentner, 2005; Cardillo, Watson, Schmidt, Kranjec, & Chatterjee, 2012; Chettih, Durgin, & Grodner, 2012; Chiappe & Kennedy, 1999; Chiappe et al., 2003; Citron & Goldberg, 2014; Damerall & Kellogg, 2016; Jones & Estes, 2005, 2006; Keysar, Shen, Glucksberg, & Horton, 2000; Thibodeau & Durgin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2631, "input_1": "The results derived from the current study are in line with other reports suggesting a positive correlation between stress protein expression and tumor immunogenicity in rodent models [33–36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2632, "input_1": "A link between PTSD symptoms and FM has also been reported in both careseeking (Sherman et al., 2000; Cohen et al., 2002; Roy-Byrne et al., 2004) and community (Raphael et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2633, "input_1": "…‘‘understanding the brain by creating the brain” was coined to synthesize how humanoid robots and computational neuroscience could contribute to progresses in naturalizing human psychology and the underlying neurophysiology (Asada et al., 2001; Brooks, 1997; Cheng et al., 2007; Kawato, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2634, "input_1": "Against gender preference gradient in Ethiopia [13], the survival rate of male births was smaller and females were at lower risk of dying compared with males.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2635, "input_1": "Several authors have questioned the stripping procedure as it may be associated with excision of ovarian tissue adherent to the cyst wall, with consequent loss of follicles (Brosens et al., 1996; Donnez et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2636, "input_1": "2011), a death rate that becomes large when organisms are large (Law et al. 2009; Blanchard et al. 2009) or a fixed size spectrum in the range x > a (Benoît and Rochet 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2637, "input_1": "Thus, apoB-48-containing TRLs were, on the whole, overestimated by about 10%, which is in line with previous works (15, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2638, "input_1": "In addition, regulatory proteins, VasH and VCA0122 [12,20], as well as effector", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2639, "input_1": "Consequently, the reactive power is reduced at low voltages when it is likely to be needed most [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2640, "input_1": "MvLFDA is an extended version of Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis (LFDA) [24] to treat multiple features based on Multiview Spectral Embedding (MSE) [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2641, "input_1": "Previously, such measures have been used in a variety of vision processing tasks, including image enhancement and motion estimation [16], video segmentation [12], pattern categorization [34] and activity recognition (although not generic anomaly detection) [10,13,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2642, "input_1": "Each of the four annotationbased GO term similarity approaches, namely Resnik, Lin, relevance and Li et al., is implemented with four known IC-based non-direct functional similarity measures (Avg, Max, BMA and ABM).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2643, "input_1": "It is now evident that centrosomes play a crucial role in the timing of mitotic events, such as the cyclin B degradation in early Drosophila embryos and exit of cytokinesis in animal cells (8, 9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2644, "input_1": "The 3 12.4 kb enhancer region (chr2: 19369662-19382088) was cloned into a nuclear mCherry reporter vector (with mCherry replacing EGFP in BgEGFP) to generate 12.4Ptf1amCherry or a lacZ reporter gene with the minimal promoter of the rat Ela1 gene to generate 12.4Ptf1a-lacZ (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2645, "input_1": "Data from localized 1 H-MRS was analyzed to assess fat content as described (23) and absolute concentrations were expressed as percent hepatocellular lipids relative to", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2646, "input_1": "Our calculations were limited, however, by the retrospective design of this study; additionally, another study reported higher costs generated by a CT-guided biopsy for musculoskeletal tumors [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2647, "input_1": "These anthropogenic sounds are generally more continuous in quality than sounds produced naturally in the environment (Wood & Yezerinac 2006; Slabbekoorn & Ripmeester 2008; Pijanowski et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2648, "input_1": "These results indicated that the inhibition of mitochondrial COX activity can enhance Aβ-induced ER dysfunction, causing neuronal apoptosis [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2649, "input_1": "On the other hand, Leyden et al. (1981) demonstrated that the prevalence of lipophilic diphtheroids, which could be related to the typical pungent ‘‘apocrine’’ odor, was lower in female axilla than in male axilla.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2650, "input_1": "Taken from the revised Chinese version of the Health Literacy Management Scale, this questionnaire was designed to cover multiple items related to health literacy, which are consistent with the theoretical content of health literacy as noted in the previous literature (1,2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2651, "input_1": "During development, fibroblasts derive from epicardial cells that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (4, 5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2652, "input_1": "This central role of experimentation has generated an ongoing interest in the definition of adequate experimental protocols and the use of inferential procedures for comparing two or more algorithms, either on single or multiple problem instances [2, 46, 34, 18, 37, 58, 22, 59, 9, 11, 5, 6, 30, 29, 24, 23, 16, 39, 33, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2653, "input_1": "The ECGs were decimated to 250 Hz to reduce the computational demands of the ESN [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2654, "input_1": "Spirometry was performed according to the standards of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2655, "input_1": "Subtype classification was carried out based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2; C1% of cells being positive for ER and/or PR was defined as ‘hormone receptor (HR) positive,’ while HER2-overexpression was determined according to the 2007 ASCO/ CAP guidelines [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2656, "input_1": "LLL based LR has been used for ZF decoding [1 1], [12], MMSE decoding [13], and ZF precoding [12], [14], which are often called lattice reduction aided (LRA) decoding/precoding.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2657, "input_1": "mAb G19 recognizes an extracellular epitope associated with the tip link (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2658, "input_1": "Such neurons exist not only in higher-order association areas but also in low-level, modality-specific sensory areas (Ghazanfar & Schroeder, 2006), supporting the notion that multisensory interactions can influence early sensory processing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2659, "input_1": "regarding persons nearby as context for single person activity recognition [17,18,6,7] or modeling interactions or activity co-occurrences among some closely related persons [17,5]), leaving the whole relations among persons unclear.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2660, "input_1": "The Da phenotype is consistent with the hypothesis of Sporle (2001): a mechanism exists that establishes approximate mirror-image duplication, primarily in somite derivatives.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2661, "input_1": "The boundary conditions of the tumor [18] may be set up by: (n) = n ∞ (6) (P ) = γ κ (7) where the pressure boundary condition (7) reflects the influence of cell–cell adhesion through the parameter γ and κ.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2662, "input_1": "Myostatin not only plays a prominent role as negative regulator of skeletal muscle size during physiological pre- and postnatal growth, but also during disease in adult life, when its expression is induced in cardiac or skeletal muscle of rodents with heart disease or cancer as well as in patients with cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and some selected forms of cancer [5-13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2663, "input_1": "Overexpression of BCAR3 in the epithelial-like, estrogen receptor-expressing MCF7 breast cancer cells is known to lead to a more mesenchymal and migratory phenotype characterized by the formation of peripheral membrane ruffles and lamellipodia that are rich in filamentous actin and also BCAR1 and BCAR3 (23, 30, 31, 33, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2664, "input_1": "MP measurements were obtained with a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (mpHRA, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) [20] using autofluorescence images obtained at two excitation-wavelength based on the pioneering work of Delori et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2665, "input_1": "The resulting progeny were crossed to Balb/c mice and selected by Southern blot and PCR (7, 8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2666, "input_1": "The analysis results proved that exploiting RS data could improve the regional yield simulation; the same has been proved by many previous studies [1,3,18,34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2667, "input_1": "For cloning of hybridoma cells, culture supernatants were screened using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (IIFM) with air-dried IF cells (Galfre & Milstein, 1981; Iwatani et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2668, "input_1": "Therefore, we also used a correlation-based feature-selection (CFS) [15] to train a linear regression (LR) model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2669, "input_1": "A bimodal distribution is thought to result from a mismatch of hand and wheel velocity at the start of push phase causing a more forceful contact of the rim (Robertson et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2670, "input_1": "…by which DREAM transactivates the GFAP promoter in response to calcium is likely to involve changes in protein conformation (Carrión et al., 1999; Osawa et al., 2001, 2005) that could be stabilized by interactions with other proteins bound in close proximity (Rivas et al., 2004;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2671, "input_1": "West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that began circulating in the Caribbean Basin in 2001.(1) Ecological studies of WNV in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the United States have shown that Culex (Culex) mosquitoes", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2672, "input_1": "Microsatellite DNA genotypes were analyzed using Bayesian clustering in structure 2.3.2 (Pritchard et al. 2000; Falush et al. 2003, 2007) using the complete set of 713 individual moths described earlier, including known adult individuals and larvae sampled from both\n2009 Blackwell Publishing…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2673, "input_1": "The reference could be a high-quality genome sequence [12–16], de novo assembly from deep sequencing [17–20] or transcriptome sequences [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2674, "input_1": "The selectivity of M1 antagonists was confirmed by testing the efficacy of either pirenzepine or trihexyphenidyl to block the\nM1-mediated membrane depolarization induced by muscarine (60 mM) or by the selective M1 agonist McN-A343 (3 mM) (Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2675, "input_1": "We have previously shown that diagnostic yield varies significantly on a multivariate basis including but not limited to: referring physician specialty, age of patient at testing, patient gender, and referring indication or combination of indications for testing [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2676, "input_1": "For instance, the use of methamphetamine (MA), a highly neurotoxic stimulant, during adolescence may be associated with cognitive (King et al. 2010) and brain structural deficits (Lyoo et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2677, "input_1": "Both this analysis and previous publications (Nühse et al., 2004; Hem et al., 2007) identified phosphorylation in vivo in the C-terminal region of PHT1;1 (Ser-514 and Ser-520) and PHT1;4 (Ser-524).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2678, "input_1": "…literature, we can further confirm that PEOU is positively related to PU (Lee and Park, 2008), PU is positively related to attitude and intention (Kim and Garrison, 2009), and that attitude is positively related\nba f 2b R2c Q2d q2e\nH1: PIIT-PEOU 0.750** n/af 0.563 0.318 n/a H2: PIIT-PU 0.162 nsg…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2679, "input_1": "Moment arms were estimated using the tendon displacement method (An et al., 1984) and a protocol similar to that described previously (Murray et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2680, "input_1": "The string matching approaches in [8], [10], and [4], were denoted as bit_split, ex_bit_split, and infix, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2681, "input_1": "Related definitions of FTC and ATC behavior are established in supermodular and submodular games (Topicks (1979), Yao (1995)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2682, "input_1": "The uncertainty variances have been computed as a function of the difference between the short time Fourier transform of the signals before and after the waveform processing and pre-emphasis steps of the ETSI-AFE and then propagated through the feature extraction process [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2683, "input_1": "In light of recent suggestions that a more conservative voxel-wise threshold should be used for whole brain fMRI analyses [Woo et al., 2014], we also applied a more conservative voxel-wise threshold of P  0.001 with a cluster extent of 64 voxels (cluster corrected to P  0.05) to our data set.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2684, "input_1": "The Andean uplift began in the late Oligocene to early Miocene (about 23 Ma), but the most intense peak of Andean mountain building occurred during the late middle Miocene (about 12 Ma) and early Pliocene (about 4.5 Ma) (Hoorn et al. 2010; Folguera et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2685, "input_1": "In particular, flavonoids and phenolic compounds are highly effective antioxidants that possess anticancer, hypolipidemic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties; thus, they have received increasing attention [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2686, "input_1": "The European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) is a network of population-based registries of congenital anomalies in 21 countries of Europe.(13) The methods of registry case ascertainment are fully described elsewhere.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2687, "input_1": "The physical rationale of the treatment was tested at select institutes between the 1970s and 1990s.(9,10) At the same time, more reliable dose constraints for normal tissues at the skull base for protons rather than the doses known to be acceptable for photon treatment were explored.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2688, "input_1": "…et al., 2007; Dalal et al., 2006; Popescu et al., 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2010), and for primary visual sources (Quraan and Cheyne, 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2010), and is likely the case for many other sources as most brain modules are organized with bilateral symmetry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2689, "input_1": "…prevalence because of different definitions of depression, differences in depression screening methods, and different groups of participants (Massie & Holland, 1984; Ciaramella and Poli, 2001; Uchitomi et al., 2003; Katz et al., 2004; Ell et al., 2005; Boyd et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2690, "input_1": "…isolated I. schwarzi survived significantly better than isolated Z. angusticollis (BS = 53.4, p < 0.001; BS = 7.0,\np = 0.008, respectively; Z. angusticollis data from Rosengaus et al. 1998) surviving approximately 1 and 4 days longer following low and high dose exposures, respectively (Figure 2A).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2691, "input_1": "While previous computer models had to initiate re-entrant spiral waves artificially through an external stimulus in the repolarizing wave tail (16, 54, 57, 58) or trigger torsades de pointes through external pacing (55, 56), our model naturally predicts the spontaneous transition from a regular rhythm into ventricular tachycardia as a natural consequence of high risk drugs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2692, "input_1": "to the most sensitive component to correct the effect (Estévez and Vilanova 2009; Estévez et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2693, "input_1": "We also included the nucleoporin-encoding POM34 transcript in our analysis, as it had been previously identified as an Scp160p target (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2694, "input_1": "The authors in [3] also describe quantitative performance evaluation metrics for MANET routing protocols including: – End-to-end data throughput and delay: these are measurements of the protocol effectiveness.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2695, "input_1": "As proposed by Hendriks et al. “in some narratives the speaker may not yet have clearly established the second character as the new topic” (p. 404, Hendriks et al., 2014), which could explain the use of NPs instead of pronouns to bring these characters in focus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2696, "input_1": "(12)\nA theoretical expression for the variation of with strain is given in Varghese and Ophir (1997b) as:\n2 1 s 1 e lko 2 1 s 2 1 e lko 22 s2 1 s 2 1\ne lko 2 2 2 s 2 1 s 2 1 (13)\nwhere ko is the wave number (given by ko 2 / o where o is the central wavelength), and l is the correlation length.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2697, "input_1": "And Aktmediated phosphorylation downregulates the GTPaseactivating potential of tuberin toward Rheb, which is a potent regulator of mTORC1 (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2698, "input_1": "Our results are in accord with those of previous studies of postnatal craniofacial growth in Saimiri\n (Corner and Richtsmeier, 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2699, "input_1": "The community of potentially pathogenic bacteria probably emanated from the excrement of diseasecarrying humans and animals [35] or other sources.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2700, "input_1": "The higher value for NST than GST would be indicative of a phylogeographic structure (Pons and Petit 1996; Petit et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2701, "input_1": "We recently found that rat (Porcella et al., 1998) as well as human (Porcella et al. 2000) eyes are rich in CB1 mRNA and protein, supporting a direct role for the CB1 receptor in controlling IOP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2702, "input_1": "…addition, it has been noted that markets for LKS could increase the value of forests, contributing to the viability of the new forest concession system, (Barany et al. 2003) and since this is most desirable if there will continue to be adequate supply of wood then the future is bright for the LKS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2703, "input_1": "The results are in line of evidences from highly diverged G. complanata in Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 1999), E. punctata in northern Arizona (Govedich et al. 1999) in addition to high morphological diversities (Sket & Trontelj 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2704, "input_1": "Muir and Dumonde [18] showed that SHRs are more resistant to AIA compared with the others rat strains (SK Wistar, AHR, AHN and Tuck).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2705, "input_1": "These results are in agreement with a study by Wikström et al. (2007) in which loss of AMH expression was also observed to occur at a later age in 14 KS patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2706, "input_1": "Some proteases have been implicated in the degradation of extracellular proteins and the acquisition of amino acids for cellular growth (Park et al. 2004), and mutation of such proteases may have a harmful effect on cellular growth (Vitikainen et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2707, "input_1": "On the basis of this Pinzur grouping [1, 15] and PEDIS criteria [5, 6, 20] a complication analysis was performed with the goal of evaluating those patients at risk who do not qualify for internal corrective arthrodesis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2708, "input_1": "2010) and clinical (Roy et al. 2008) literature, a 2 X 2 repeated measures ANOVA was first used to examine bias patterns as a function of behavioral inhibition group (Median split: Low vs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2709, "input_1": "In accordance with other studies our analysis found that diabetes [6,10], COPD [2,19], impaired preoperative kidney function [4,20], and obesity [2,4,6,9,12] to be independent risk factors for mediastinitis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2710, "input_1": "[41] reported a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor, Al resistance transcription factor 1 (ART1), which regulates the expression of genes related to Al tolerance in rice, including STAR1 and STAR2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2711, "input_1": "In particular, induction of AR transcriptional programs by androgen stimulation, particularly at supraphysiological doses, has been shown to result in widespread, transient DSBs in prostate cancer cells in a TOP2B dependent manner (4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2712, "input_1": "Ultimately, compensatory mechanisms secondary to altered cholinergic signaling might lead to reduced mGluR levels and consequently alters synaptic learning rules and attention behavior (Counotte et al., 2011a, b; Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2713, "input_1": "Gln105 of human NQO1 is an especially important residue for catalytic activity (Chen et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2714, "input_1": "Digynic triploidy may also develop after fertilization of a diploid giant oocyte (Dyban and Baranov, 1987) but this has been considered rather improbable (Jacobs et al., 1978; Kaufman, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2715, "input_1": "demonstrate high reliability in the current sample from ages 2 to 4 (range, α=0.84 to 0.94; Dishion et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2716, "input_1": "Patients dialyzing at the facilities we studied had lower hemoglobin concentrations on average, and more patients had concentrations below the threshold of 10 g/dL at any given time, findings noted by others [6, 7, 11, 12] that are", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2717, "input_1": "…(Chiaravalloti & DeLuca, 2008), but an association has been demonstrated in adequately powered studies (Arnett, Barwick, & Beeney, 2008) and primarily between depression and the cognitive domains of information processing speed and executive functions (Feinstein, 2006; Siegert & Abernethy, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2718, "input_1": "Another potentially important link between oxidative stress and excitotoxicity is the microglial antiporter system Xc 2 (Sato et al., 2002), which releases cytotoxic levels of glutamate into the interstitial compartment to replenish intracellular cystine to maintain the glutathione system, which is challenged by oxidative stress (Qin et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2719, "input_1": "The interventions were implemented in various settings including academic medical centers [3, 11, 13, 44, 50, 56, 65], five of which were multiinstitution collaboratives [11, 13, 44, 56, 65], universities [14, 60, 62], medical clinics [16, 61, 69], and community-based locales [15, 67].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2720, "input_1": "Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is a nonsporulating and non-pathogenic soil bacterium belonging to the group of high G + C Gram-positive Actinobacteria (Hecht & Causey, 1976; Stackebrandt et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2721, "input_1": "These results are in accordance with previous reports demonstrating that olanzapine treatment did not modify the meal size (Chintoh et al. 2008; Weston-Green et al. 2011; WestonGreen et al. 2012), but may reduce the inter-meal period thereby causes hyperphagia (Lee and Clifton 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2722, "input_1": "7C) that may correspond to the centrosomal katanin previously observed after nocodazole-mediated disruption of the spindle pole (McNally and Thomas, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2723, "input_1": "In this study no association emerged between smoking, menstrual characteristics, contraceptive methods (oral contraceptive and IUD use) and frequency of adenomyosis, this is consistent with the scanty published data [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2724, "input_1": ", 2012), sentence transformation (Vanderwende, 2008), machine comprehension (Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017b; Yuan et al., 2017; Subramanian et al., 2017), question answering (Qin, 2015; Tang et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2725, "input_1": "Digitalized images were analyzed by Photoshop to quantify the number of damaged/dead cells (see details in Faoro and Iriti, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2726, "input_1": "…specific associations with particular Glomus group A lineages; fungal taxa from the underground massive gametophytes of two Botrychium species (Winther and Friedman 2007) and seven Lycopodiaceae species (Winther and Friedman 2008) form a monophyletic clade, and Psilotum nudum (Winther and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2727, "input_1": "Among those algorithms [27-29], three popular ones are adopted in our experiments: Naïve Bayes (NB) [32], Decision Tree (C4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2728, "input_1": "The method of induction of CHF by rapid pacing has been described in detail previously (30, 31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2729, "input_1": "In agreement with findings showing that PLCb1 is mostly located at presynaptic sites (Fukaya et al., 2008) and with its apparent absence from the PSD-95 complex (Dosemeci et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2730, "input_1": "PAR has been described using the image of a spiral (Williamson et al., 2004), and various authors report the suitability of the application of this method to the management of change within organizations (Coghlan and Casey, 2001; Coyer et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2731, "input_1": "The CatWalk system provides a detailed analysis of gait, which has been described in detail elsewhere.(15) A detailed gait analysis was made using the CatWalk system at 3 hours before injury, and at 12 hours; 1, 2, and 3 days; and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after muscle contusion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2732, "input_1": "High methane emissions from water-saturated soil have been demonstrated in numerous studies (Dinsmore et al. 2009; Askaer et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2733, "input_1": "…Dynamics in Other Polyploids\nThe types of complex genetic interactions between duplicated homeologous loci which are possible after polyploidization are best documented in plants, where allopolyploidy in particular is a pervasive phenomenon (Otto and Whitton 2000; Wendel 2000; Doyle and Egan 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2734, "input_1": "2 of our ISCA 2012 paper [66] shows that the performance improvement of our three mechanisms over a subarray-oblivious baseline increases with a greater number", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2735, "input_1": "Emab inhibited IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production of blood B cells isolated from healthy donors and SLE patients in response to BCR crosslinking alone or in combination with TLR9 ligand CpG [56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2736, "input_1": "Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded under controlled conditions that conformed to the standards of the International Society of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision.(15) Briefly, photopic ERGs were elicited by a single flash or a 30-Hz flicker stimulus of red light under light-adapted conditions (cone-isolated responses); a dim blue flash under darkadapted conditions (30 minutes) was used for the rod-isolated ERGs (rod-isolated responses); and a bright white flash (intensity of 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2737, "input_1": "the spin order from the symmetrization order of the nascent protons to the 13C nucleus [11,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2738, "input_1": "This result was in accordance with the\nfindings that oxidation could impair water-binding in meat (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, 2005; Morzel et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2739, "input_1": "Non-systematic reviews “Review” Methods Although there is no single database reliably showing the true number of SRs or RCTs [6], we used PubMed as the basis of our search.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2740, "input_1": "Yager [32], Kacprzyk and Yager [7], Kacprzyk, Yager and Zadro ny [8, 9]) whose essence is that a set of data, e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2741, "input_1": "This project had 4 distinct interventions: (1) literature review, (2) product selection, (3) policy and operational changes, and (4) staff training.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2742, "input_1": "cells are highly metastatic to the liver, while Caco-2 cells do not induce liver metastasis when intrasplenically injected into nude mice (39,40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2743, "input_1": "…double blind crossover pattern separated by 7 days, which has been previously demonstrated to allow suYcient time to ensure that there are no eVects of previous supplementation on subsequent blood hormone and chemical analysis (Brown et al. 1999, 2000b, 2002; King et al. 1999; Earnest et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2744, "input_1": "A selection of real-time beat tracking algorithms have been developed that might be suitable for such a task, including B-Keeper [19], a specialised drum tracking system, IBT∼ [20], a multi-agent system based on Dixon’s Beatroot [21], and btrack∼ [7] and beatseeker∼ [8] which use autocorrelation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2745, "input_1": "The next communication [2] considered the most general characteristics of the parameter of spa tial EEG synchronization (the average in each of the fre quency bands of the EEG’s coherence value), such as multiplicity, directedness, and reproducibility of varia tions of this parameter owing to the change of state of the subjects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2746, "input_1": "Other plant D-type cyclins contain putative phosphorilation sites at similar positions in regions rich in these amino acids (Menges et al. 2007) but their functionality and their potential biological roles are unknown.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2747, "input_1": "Pro-inflammatory cytokines can further impair synaptic plasticity by inhibiting production of neurotrophins like BDNF, inhibiting long-term potentiation, and altering the architecture of dendrites (Jurgens et al., 2012; Lynch, 2002; Milatovic et al., 2003; Richwine et al., 2008; Tong et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2748, "input_1": "An iterative backward Ring model (Sioris et al., 2002) is used to remove the Ring effect from OS limb spectra, before performing the DOAS LSQ fit.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2749, "input_1": "As another well-known difference in clinical presentation between patients with HSH and FHHNC, serum PTH levels are inappropriately suppressed (<3 pg/mL) or below normal (5–12 pg/mL) in HSH patients during phases of severe hypomagnesaemia, whereas they are usually elevated in patients with FHHNC [2], which can also be seen in our cohort.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2750, "input_1": "Their scoring method involves the use of fine-grained POS tags, the Stanford Temporal Tagger (Chang and Manning, 2012), and a number of heuristic rules, which resulted in a confirmation that tense agreement statistics are predictive of implicativeness, illustrated in part by observing a near perfect separation of a list of implicative and non-implicative verbs from Karttunen (1971a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2751, "input_1": "Currently, the term of parity refers to the numbers of maternal parturition processes of live birth [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2752, "input_1": "We also found that most spa t437 isolates belonged to SCCmecIV, SCCmecVT, and ST59, similar to the results of a previous studies on CA-MRSA [7,49,50].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2753, "input_1": "…by changes in cyclin–\nCDK complexes, and if control of the cell cycle is disrupted, progress through the cycle might be stimulated by overexpressed cyclins, enhanced CDK activity or inactivated CDK inhibitors (Hunter and Pines, 1994; Sherr, 1995; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Chulu and Liu, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2754, "input_1": "In the present modeling study, as in the physiological study by Kawase et al. (1993), the stochastic variability associated with neural spike counts was used to predict perceptual ability based on single AN fibers for both detection and discrimination tasks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2755, "input_1": "The gradient of VS with pressure becomes less steep above 40 GPa in contrast to its trend at lower pressures, which appears similar to the behavior of SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2756, "input_1": "The involvement of the clock in Pai-1 gene regulation has been described (Maemura et al., 2000; Minami et al., 2002; Schoenhard et al., 2003; Oishi et al., 2005a; Chong et al., 2006; Oishi et al., 2007), although the precise molecular mechanism on how the clock regulates the intrinsic daily expression of Pai-1 transcription is still unclear.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2757, "input_1": "There are several key mechanisms in tumorigenesis that may involve Hh/GLI signaling [11,13]; first, inactivating mutations in the negative regulators PTCH or SUFU, or activating mutations in the positive regulator SMO cause pathway activation in a cellautonomous and Hh ligand independent manner [5,26–28]; secondly, ligand-dependent autocrine mechanisms in which cancer cells both secrete and respond to Hh ligands causing cellautonomous pathway activation [29,30]; thirdly, paracrine mechanisms in which stromal cells are induced by Hh producing cancer cells [31–34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2758, "input_1": "Previous grafting studies showed that plant hormones such as cytokinin and ABA can be transported from root to leaves to regulate leaf senescence (McKenzie et al. 1998; Catterou et al. 2002; Dong et al. 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2759, "input_1": "Ecological risks of Japanese knotweed include outcompeting native plants, directly for light and water and indirectly via alleopathy (Dommanget et al. 2014), and changing habitat structure for animals (Engler et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2760, "input_1": "Authors have identified psychiatric syndromes such as anxiety, depression, and behavioural affective and conversion disorders in people with epilepsy [8-18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2761, "input_1": "All likelihoods which the GMM produced are normalized by measurement length and then a decision tree constructed by the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm [11] uses them for sensor fusion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2762, "input_1": "…characterization of AD (Brown & Storandt, 2000; Carlesimo, Perri, & Caltagirone, 2011; Grober & Kawas, 1997; Grober et al., 2008b; Mahieux et al., 2009; Sarazin et al., 2010; Vogel, Mortensen, Gade, & Waldemar, 2007) and aMCI (Ivanoiu et al., 2005; Saka et al., 2006; Wagner et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2763, "input_1": "Fluorescence studies The GFP-PlyG fusion protein was expressed and purified as described [46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2764, "input_1": "While livestock farming in grasslands is detrimental to biodiversity in general (Donald et al. 2002; Muchai 2002; Dennis et al. 2008), if managed correctly it is likely the most biodiversity-friendly form of land use (Muchai 2002; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2765, "input_1": "…border cell specification and migration, and significantly reduces female fertility, loss of apt, Socs36E, or miR279 does not result in sterility, as not all egg chambers are equally affected (Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011; Montell et al., 2012; Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2766, "input_1": "Graphical Representation of Goal Recognition MLN\nState_t2\nAction_t2\nGoal_t2\nLoc_t2 State_t1\nAction_t1\nGoal_t1\nLoc_t1\n(Blaylock and Allen 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2767, "input_1": "Unlike most non-reference SNP calling protocols, UNEAK does not require a partially sequenced genome, contigs from additional sequencing platforms [17–20], or a transcriptome to serve as a pseudo reference genome [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2768, "input_1": "These “sciences of the artificial” (Simon, 1996) revolve around the development of solutions and improvements to real-world problems (Holmström et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2769, "input_1": "However, not all invasive species display clinal differentiation [24,25], perhaps due to the wide range of genetic, demographic, developmental and environmental factors that influence evolutionary divergence of plant populations in new habitats [1,26–29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2770, "input_1": "…in fetuses with NT ≥3.5 mm. Previous studies neither documented a diagnostic yield of 22q11 analysis after detection of first trimester increased NT (Donnenfeld et al., 2006; Lautrup et al., 2008) nor did two recent studies using MLPA analyses similar to those in the present study (Roselló et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2771, "input_1": "Hypermethylations of the RARb2 gene having been reported in many studies declared that the frequency of RARb methylation was found to be significantly higher in patients group compared with controls [21,26–37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2772, "input_1": "The initiation and progression of leaf senescence in cotton can be affected by a number of environmental factors such as nutrient deficiency (Wright 1999) and drought (Radin 1981; Marani et al. 1985), or internal factors like\nphytohormones (Yong et al. 2000; Dong et al. 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2773, "input_1": "…techniques were used for the quantification of RAM in the biological fluids including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Gupta et al., 2011; Pilli et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2014), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Kurade et al., 2009) and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2774, "input_1": "The D279N mutant, as has been observed before [12], showed a retarded migration on gel equivalent to a ,2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2775, "input_1": "We performed two different searches under the HKI + G model (previously estimated by Modeltest excluding from the dataset the outgroup sequences) assuming the two ND4 specific divergence rates proposed by Pinho\net al. (2007) for lacertids.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2776, "input_1": "…in all cases, including the maintaining of the second character in focus (Image 4; see the graphs in the Supplement for the “image by image” presentation of the results), it is interesting to further consider the distinctions between our task and the one\ndeveloped by Hendriks et al. (2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2777, "input_1": "Similar results in head and neck carcinomas also showed p16-/HPV+ cases, although in lower frequencies [49-51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2778, "input_1": "[35] Metres An average distance per stroke was taken from 20 to 30 and 35 to 45 each 50 m, using a video performance device, and distance per stroke was then calculated Strokes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2779, "input_1": "Macrobenthic organisms were classified into five different feeding groups: detritivores (surface-deposit feeders, SDF; suspension feeders, SF; subsurfacedeposit feeders, SSDF), herbivores (He) and predators (PR), according to Bianchi & Morri (1985), Gambi & Giangrande (1985), Scipione (1989), Russo (1989), Russo et al. (1985), Gambi et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2780, "input_1": "The cDNA produced was homopolymer dC-tailed and annealed into dG-tailed PstI-cut plasmid pAT153, and used to transform Escherichia coli strain HB101 (Maniatis et al., 1982).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2781, "input_1": "This transient response to +CO2 has been observed in several experiments (Norby and others 1999; Körner 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2782, "input_1": "[13] as the average pairwise nucleic acid distance between all sequences at time t, is here measured with the standard deviation of P(d,t) as", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2783, "input_1": "These bacteria encase themselves in a hydrated matrix of polysaccharide and protein, causing their inherent resistance to antibiotic therapy, neutrophil function, phagocytes, and antibodies.(18,19) Another part of this biofilm that is composed of hostderived glycoproteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen, and laminin, enhances bacterial adherence to foreign material.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2784, "input_1": "Preclinical studies have demonstrated that ixazomib has antitumor activity similar to that of bortezomib [11, 14, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2785, "input_1": "Alternative provenance definitions are ontology-based and not specific to an execution technology: Provenir [20, 21], the Provenance Vocabulary [22], PASOA [23], OPMV [24], PML [25], and the Open Provenance Model [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2786, "input_1": "Another set of techniques, recently introduced in a variety of settings, relaxes the correspondence problem into that of looking for matches between probability distributions (as done in soft maps [39], or general real-valued functions (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2787, "input_1": "…were retrospective (Okada et al., 2002; Tsujimura et al., 2002; Ramasamy et al., 2005) and the two remaining studies were pseudo-randomized controlled studies (Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011); these last two studies were randomized based on the waiting list for the operative theatre.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2788, "input_1": "The muscles were parameterized using the mechanical Hill-Type Muscle model, the tendons have been calibrated accordingly [32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2789, "input_1": "Our results on working memory performance are similar to those of earlier studies (e.g. Archbold et al., 2009; Cosentino et al., 2008; Naegele et al., 2006) in showing impaired working memory in the OSA group.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2790, "input_1": "Isolation of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) from HIV-infected individuals, has identified four main epitope targets—the membrane proximal external region (MPER) in gp41, targeted by Mabs such as 10E8 [13], 4E10 [14], and 2F5 [15], the CD4-binding site, targeted by Mabs such as VRC01 [16], NIH45-46W [17,18], and HJ16 [19], glycopeptide residues in the V1/V2 region and also the V3 loop, targeted by Mabs such as PG9 [20] and PGT128 [21], respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2791, "input_1": "The signal transduction pathways delineated in this and other studies (Qin et al. 2005, Hu et al. 2007, Seol et al. 2007, Neves et al. 2008b, Vyazovskiy et al. 2008) thus provide convergent evidence for intriguing links between behavioural state and memory control (Walker & Stickgold 2006,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2792, "input_1": "Functional outcome was assessed using the system adopted by the musculoskeletal tumour Society (MSTS) for the functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after skeletal resection [15], and a patient-reported measure of disability, the Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2793, "input_1": "In turn, quantification at the transcript level is also necessary to accurately estimate the expression of a given gene, which is merely the sum of all its isoforms (Jiang and Wong, 2009; Turro et al., 2011; Trapnell et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2794, "input_1": "Online versions of such sparse GPs [11, 12, 13] have produced a viable alternative for real-time model learning problems [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2795, "input_1": "As mentioned above, under stressful conditions, IR might sequentially activate the ER stress receptors, thereby triggering ER stress-induced cell death signaling: for example, PERK, one of the ER stress receptors, might phosphorylate eIF2α, which translocated ATF4 into nucleus, and then increased the gene transcription such as CHOP to restore ER homeostasis, thereby regulating ER stress mediated apoptosis [12–15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2796, "input_1": "Consistent with previous characterizations, these neurons respond only to vestibular stimulation and are insensitive to eye movements (Roy and Cullen, 2001b, 2004, Sadeghi et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2797, "input_1": "This is inconsistent with the results of a previous study of the spatial heterogeneity of nutrients: nutrient heterogeneity affected the growth of large plants but did not affect that of small plants (Maestre and Reynolds 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2798, "input_1": "PCV-1 was first detected as a contaminant of the porcine kidney PK-15 cell line [4] whereas PCV-2 has been associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) [5, 6], porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) [7], proliferative necrotizing pneumonia [8], and reproductive disorders [9], all of them included by the term porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2799, "input_1": "Lens removal (Tigges et al., 1992) and atropine instillation (Hendrickson et al., 1987) also produce this pattern.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2800, "input_1": "Replacing behaviors associated with a low energy expenditure by just 10 min of MVPA per day can have a significant impact on health outcomes such as obesity [16, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2801, "input_1": "We assume the remote system has a complex classifier f0, in our experiments 500 gradient boosted trees using XGBoost [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2802, "input_1": "Though\nwe would eventually like to include a discovery module in our implementation that assembles the required knowledge bases dynamically by identifying suitable content on the semantic Web, for example, through the automatic generation of queries issued to semantic repositories such as Bio2RDF [15, 16] and DBpedia [17], the current implementation requires manual intervention during the composition of the needed datasets.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2803, "input_1": "However, from that data we can not draw any conclusions regarding the relationship between public and See Takalo (2012) for a survey on public innovation policies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2804, "input_1": "1.5 Variant annotation We used the ANNOVAR [10] tool (version 2013-02-21) to annotate SNPs and indels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2805, "input_1": "However, from that data we can not draw any conclusions regarding the relationship between public and\n1See Takalo (2012) for a survey on public innovation policies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2806, "input_1": "Sijen et al. (2001) described silencing of the endogenous dfrA promoter in Petunia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2807, "input_1": "[24] showed that the above optimization can be performed efficiently by sorting the samples xk in descending order of the score w ψ(xk).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2808, "input_1": "Previously, a phosphoproteomic study demonstrated that AbfR1 is phosphorylated in vivo at a tyrosine and serine residue, Y84 and S87 (Reimann et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2809, "input_1": ", 1991) and have a lower OX1 expression than haematogenously derived cells (Sedgwick et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2810, "input_1": "Based on the Born method, aggregation measurements provide an aggregation index curve describing the light transmission intensity changes of the PRP samples (15, 64).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2811, "input_1": "(E) Sensorgram for FLNA(16-23) binding kinetics to immobilized ICL3 peptide as in D.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2812, "input_1": "We administered the Conflict Resolution Style Inventory (CRSI; Kurdek, 1994) [40] to measure adolescents’ style of handling conflicts in the current romantic relationship.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2813, "input_1": "…Spire1C KIND domain decreases ER-mitochondria overlaps Since ER tubules have been implicated in mitochondrial constriction and division (Friedman et al., 2011; Korobova et al., 2013; Murley et al., 2013; Korobova et al., 2014), we investigated whether Spire1C influences ER-mitochondria association.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2814, "input_1": "Similar N-acylation of the acetamide and/or N, N-diacyl substitutions were previously reported for the acylation of chitosan [16] and chitin [5, 9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2815, "input_1": "Expression values were extracted using two model-based expression indexes as implemented in the dChip package (Li and Wong, 2001a) using default parameters and normalization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2816, "input_1": "To assess whether distractor size manipulations also affected hand transport control, the maximum tangential velocity of the wrist marker in the plane of the work surface, a conventional and sensitive index of hand transport was also calculated (Gentilucci et al. 1991; Jakobson and Goodale 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2817, "input_1": "In this chapter, we focus on the use of two-photon laser scanning microscopy, which has enabled the monitoring of hundreds of individual neurons in anesthetized (26), awake and behaving animals (9, 11, 27, 28) as well as neurotransmitter uncaging at the level of individual dendritic spines (29, 30) or at many discrete sites simultaneously (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2818, "input_1": "[23] emphasized the memorability of phrases, and proposed a method for sampling memorable and representative phrase sets based on a multiple regression model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2819, "input_1": "These\n results suggest that H2O2 was not involved in the osmotic stress-ethylene production, which is inconsistent to the results described by Watanabe and Sakai (1998) in winter squash (Cucurbita maxima), who suggested H2O2 would be involve to the expression of gene for a would-inducible 1-…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2820, "input_1": "The inhibition of down-regulation of HMGA2 by gene knockdown of unrelated ALKs based on the current signaling model [4–7] may be indirect effect, because gene expression was examined at 24 h after ligand stimulation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2821, "input_1": "Contrary to our finding, the association of long intervals and pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and SGA,were also reported in some studies.4,7 Conflicting results may be due to lack of standardized definitions used for IPI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2822, "input_1": "[12] At neuroimaging, venous hypertension and cerebral edema caused by straight sinus thrombosis typically result in high signal intensity in the bilateral thalami and basal ganglia.[1,6] In the present case, FLAIR showed characteristic hyperintensity in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalami as mentioned above.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2823, "input_1": "The reviewed articles also addressed e-health readiness assessment from varying perspectives, such as electronic medical records,(18) telemedicine,(14) rural communities,(13,14,21) or developing countries.(3,10,11,19) Discussion", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2824, "input_1": "Breese et al. (1998) present a number of different algorithms for collaborative filtering, including two Bayesian approaches.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2825, "input_1": "1; and Slobounov et al. 1997,\n1998; Haibach et al. 2007; Slobounov et al. 2008 for details).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2826, "input_1": "However, this resistance to drought is much lower than observed for many Pulmonates which may survive several months or even more to the desiccation (Barbosa and Barbosa 1959; Cridland 1967; Véra et al. 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2827, "input_1": "Consistent with previous studies [19] and guidelines and recommendation for weight loss [26-28], our results showed that most of the GPs gave advice on lifestyle, dietary and physical activity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2828, "input_1": "Our finding is consistent with other studies which have also highlighted the involvement of this novel molecule, Ara-LAM, in inducing proinflammatory responses (IL-8, TNF-a) in macrophages via interacting with TLR-2 [26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2829, "input_1": "A comparison of the chemical structures of equol and estradiol (Setchell et al. 1984).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2830, "input_1": "Lamotrigine monotherapy (50–200 mg daily) was also reported to be superior to placebo in the treatment of nonrapid cycling bipolar I depression in adults and uncontrolled observations have suggested possible antimanic [19,20], antidepressant [21], and anticycling/mood stabilization properties [13,19,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2831, "input_1": "Size information from the centered and oriented outlines was removed with a uniform scaling of the pseudolandmark configurations to unit centroid size (Benazzi et al., 2011a, b, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2832, "input_1": "ation (birth weight, head circumference, crown-heel length, standards of fetal growth according to Lubchenco et al.(6)), and vertical transmission of HIV-1 were determined.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2833, "input_1": "These models are the radial-modesof-vibration model of Abdullah (1966), the tornado/ boundary interaction model of Tatom et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2834, "input_1": "5 mg), GST-53BP2(715-1005) (1 mg), GST-GL(1-257) (1 mg), and GSTGL(94–257) (1 mg) were separated on duplicate SDS–12.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2835, "input_1": "Lysine propionylation was recently shown to be abundant in T. thermophilus, an extremely thermophilic Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Deinococcus–Thermus phylum (Okanishi et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2836, "input_1": "Although the measured values are below the toxic level (Lau and Wong 2000), one should wonder what consequences may derive from an ongoing intake of food packaged in plastic material.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2837, "input_1": "Normal FEV1/FVC was defined based on the NHANES III database and the ATS guidelines as values greater than 95% of the predicted for age, gender, and height [1, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2838, "input_1": "For reference we also include in Table III the results for the scalar field toy model with pure initial data (the s = 0 case) [21,22] (the results for generic initial data coincide with those of gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2839, "input_1": "50 per extra sample in the pooling strategy to account for personnel time and collection container costs (S1 Text) [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2840, "input_1": "When X(D) ∼ N(μD, σ(2)), the two criteria will have the same optimum, that is, xJ = xC, but the variance of the non-parametric cut-point estimator optimizing the Youden index may be much larger than that of the concordance probability optimizer, Var ( x̂J ) > Var ( x̂C ) [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2841, "input_1": "There are many studies where CC and cerebral hemisphere widths and areas have been measured on MR images.[13-19]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2842, "input_1": "6 shows that if state converges in finite time to the EP, then also the output converges in finite time to the corresponding OEP, however Example 2 in [22] give the conclusion that state converges in fintie time to the EP, but the output does not converge in finite time to the OEP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2843, "input_1": "Since then, 164 independent gene losses would have occurred in the lineages, leading to the three present genomes (39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2844, "input_1": "Merkel cell virus has been linked to Merkel carcinoma [8] and Fusobacterium has recently been associated with colorectal carcinoma [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2845, "input_1": "Indeed, daily patterns of Epas1 mRNA is rhythmically expressed in the mouse heart with high levels at circadian time 8–12 (unpublished data), which precedes peak expression of mPai-1 mRNA (Minami et al., 2002; Oishi et al., 2005a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2846, "input_1": "This differs from the results of McNaughton (1979), which showed substantial re-growth in grasses after insect feeding.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2847, "input_1": "2012 (59) Two cohorts; n 7,740 and 4,564 Physical activity and television watching 32 BMI- and obesity-related variants Th e genetic eff ects on BMI were stronger in those with low physical activity or longer hours of television watching Ahmad S, et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2848, "input_1": "Iontophoretic transdermal deliveries of human insulin and thermoplastic pastes as depot upon cooling have also been tried [18,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2849, "input_1": "In credit scoring, for instance, applying ensemble techniques can be very effective, but the model is often obliged to have “sound business logic”, that is, to be interpretable [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2850, "input_1": "…that the approach makes it possible to foster a ‘shared responsibility between students and instructors’ (McLaughlin et al., 2014, p. 242), and overall, optimising classroom time is often specifically emphasised (Gannod et al., 2008; Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2014; Tucker, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2851, "input_1": "A recent storytelling task by Hendriks et al. (2014) confirmed this overall pattern but also highlighted that other factors can modulate this effect of the discourse stages. In the task used by Hendriks et al. (2014), participants were asked to tell picturebased stories featuring two characters of the same gender to a hypothetical listener.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2852, "input_1": "In addition, education is likely to enhance female autonomy so that women develop greater confidence and capabilities to make decisions regarding their children’s health [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2853, "input_1": "Another group reported that the 118T9 10 repeat was associated with higher reporter gene expression in HepG2 liver cells (Yamanaka et al., 2004), and this variant was recently linked to higher incidence toxicity and increased response to irinotecan in cancer patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2854, "input_1": "These devices have also been clinically recommended for stabilization and modulation of the load distribution across mildly degenerated discs in an attempt to alleviate discogenic back pain and potentially enable regeneration of disc cells [22, 23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2855, "input_1": "A more formal study of incidence and the histology of the tumors need to be done, but these results suggest thatMuSKantibodies are not so infrequent in Chinese as previously reported in a study from Taiwan [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2856, "input_1": "…orogenic events have contributed to shaping the current diversity and distribution of modern species in both the Neotropical (Bush 1994; Hoorn et al. 1995, 2010; Pennington et al. 2004; Rull 2006, 2008, 2011; Antonelli & Sanmartin 2011) and temperate regions (Ruzzante et al. 2006,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2857, "input_1": "It is well-known that a single nick (SN) does not efficiently induce gene editing (Ran et al. 2013a; Davis and Maizels 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2858, "input_1": ", ABA) mediate priming of guard cell Ca2þ sensors, such that they can respond to elevated cytosolic Ca2þ levels [63].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2859, "input_1": "Findings reported by Bryzgalova et al (194), suggesting reduced total GLUT4 levels in muscle as an underlying cause of the ER KO insulin resistance phenotype, were not supported by data from Ribas et al (192).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2860, "input_1": "Beside SecuGen Hamster IV, other optical devices were used to collect the IIIT-D Multisensor Optical and Latent Fingerprint [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2861, "input_1": "This corresponds to T191 of tobacco CYC3;3, a extremely conserved site important for full CYCD nuclear import (Menges et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2862, "input_1": "Aside from the effects on Th1 cells, IL-27 has recently reported that played a regulatory role in limiting excessive inflammation during infection with Toxoplasma gondii by modulating the development of Th17 cells (20, 21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2863, "input_1": "The Metropolis- Hastings algorithm [49] was used to estimate the posterior distributions for ancestral reconstructions and model parameters in a Markovchain Monte Carlo framework [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2864, "input_1": "This assumption is confirmed by the different pattern of the expression of X linked genes in different parts of the same placenta: equally probable, mostly from one homolog, and fully monoallelic (Moreira de Mello et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2865, "input_1": "The OHC lateral wall, where the motor elements are located [24,31], was modeled as a series mixture of passive ‘‘elastic’’ and active piezoelectric ‘‘motor’’ elements [29] to arrive at a composite constitutive model for the lateral wall.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2866, "input_1": "Plan and goal recognition models have been devised for story understanding systems (Charniak and Goldman, 1993), productivity software (Horvitz, et al., 1998), intelligent tutoring systems (Conati, Gertner, and VanLehn, 2002), and dialogue systems (Blaylock and Allen, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2867, "input_1": "While Hutt and Longtin (2010) chose pi=pe, reflecting equal affinity of propofol for GABAA receptors located on cortical inhibitory and pyramidal neurons, we relax this assumption, thereby accounting for the possibly differential affinity of propofol for different neuron types.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2868, "input_1": "[31], we check their validity in the case of charged Higgs boson production.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2869, "input_1": "The Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment B (INTEX-B) aircraft campaign over the North Pacific and western coast of North America made measurements of OH and HO2 (Mao et al., 2009; Singh et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2870, "input_1": "The Swi1-Swi3 complex or its homologues are known to facilitate the loading of Mrc1 or Claspin onto chromatin (8, 41).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2871, "input_1": "To measure the effect of verb type on the observed QUDs, we used mixed-effect logistic\n regressions (Jaeger, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2872, "input_1": "Similar to our results, concentrations of 3.15 ngmL 1, 31.5 ngmL 1 and 315 ngmL 1 of progesterone added during the culture phase of bovine in vitroproduced embryos did not impact on the proportion of zygotes reaching the blastocyst stage in a recent study (Clemente et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2873, "input_1": ", 2012; Bergen et al., 2012) but also for studying children’s pragmatic abilities without implicitly assuming they have mastered challenging linguistic structures (Stiller et al., 2011). In this paper, we extend these results beyond simple reference games to full decision-problems in which the agents reason about language and action together over time. To do this, we use the Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (Dec-POMDP) to implement agents that are capable of manipulating the multiply-nested belief structures required for implicature calculation. Optimal decision making in Dec-POMDPs is NEXP complete, so we employ the single-agent POMDP approximation of Vogel et al. (2013). We show that agents in the Dec-POMDP reach implicature-rich interpretations simply as a byproduct of the way they reason about each other to maximize joint utility.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2874, "input_1": "Data-centric storage (DCS) [24,27,42,56] provides in-network storage and query mechanisms for sensor networks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2875, "input_1": "In addition, a new flgII-28 region distinct from flg22 in the flagellin of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) has been recently characterized as a MAMP, which may be specifically recognized by Solanaceae species (Cai et al., 2011; Clarke et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2876, "input_1": "…recent reports have implicated CHH as a regulator of multiple physiological effects, which include reproduction (De Kleijn and Van Herp, 1998; Khayat et al., 1998), molting (Chung et al., 1999), osmoregulation (Serrano et al., 2003; Spanings-Pierrot et al., 2000), and lipid metabolism…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2877, "input_1": "IL7 and IL15 are IL-2 family cytokines regulating survival and activation of lymphocytes, and are of interest in MS research since they signal through the IL2- and IL7-receptors, which have shown strong association with MS in genome-wide association studies [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2878, "input_1": "Our new scoring function estimates the penalty term from the data to make it consistent with the data, which is similar to the DIC (Deviance Information Criterion) score trying to identify models that best explain the observed data [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2879, "input_1": "Crystal structures of some theta GSTs have indicated that the GSH-binding site may be sited further inside the protein than in other classes of GST, and that conventional GSH-aYnity matrices may be unable to bind the active site (Hayes and Pulford, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2880, "input_1": "This is a particularly positive result as OASIS mainly serves the area of South London that is socioeconomically deprived, has a high proportion of\nethnic minorities and an often difficult relationship between service users and mental health services (Broome et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2881, "input_1": "Other studies indicate that methyl salicylate (MeSA) azelaic acid (AA), glycerol-3-phospate (G3P)derived factor, and dehydroabietinal (DA) may also be SAR long distance signals (Park et al., 2007; Vlot et al., 2008; Jung et al., 2009; Chanda et al., 2011; Chaturvedi et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2882, "input_1": "In Marsupenaeus japonicas and Penaeus semisulcatus, the CHH from eyestalk is involved in the suppression of vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression (Khayat et al., 1998; Tsutsui et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2883, "input_1": "In this respect, we have recently shown that malignant transformation causes losses, gains, and imbalances in the expression of human MHC I and two antigen-processing gene products: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 (13, 14).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2884, "input_1": "In addition, differential hypertrophy occurs even within a single muscle along its length (Narici et al., 1989, 1996; Housh et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2885, "input_1": "The resulting levels of ChE in plasma were in the same order of magnitude as those found by Winters et al. (1997) in control rabbits.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2886, "input_1": "…impact on overall energy cost. the Ec of the uphill sections we found can be compared with the results of other studies (table 2). the lowest Ec (tosi et al. 2009) was described for a short section lasting only 8 min while that of races lasting 1–2 h (Duc et al. 2011) up to 6 h 45 (this…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2887, "input_1": "Ruby [4, 10] goes one step further by making the syntax much more compact and simpler and also provides various built-in features that make the common tasks of text processing, creating and processing threads, web programming etc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2888, "input_1": "[31] with the same significance, we still find sufficient evidence that F = 4 is favourable in many", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2889, "input_1": "Optimization\n We used three objective functions that were employed previously to study multi-finger prehension in human performers (Hershkovitz et al. 1995, 1997; Zatsiorsky et al. 2002b; Pataky et al. 2004a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2890, "input_1": "We have proposed that the highly specialized EOM allotype is a consequence of a novel myoblast lineage interacting with extrinsic factors during a postnatal critical period of development (5, 7, 12, 57).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2891, "input_1": "Examples of possible modifiers include loci encoding xenobiotic enzymes, NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1 (7–9), or ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia-associated locus (10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2892, "input_1": "…a homologous exchange mutant of the Er. carotovora subsp. carotovora rpoS gene, the suicide vector pUT mini-Tn5 Cm was used. pUT mini-Tn5 Cm carries the λpir-dependent R6K ori, which does not replicate in bacteria that lack λpir, such as Er. carotovora subsp. carotovora (de Lorenzo & Timmis, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2893, "input_1": "Furthermore, we combined learning rate annealing with embedding batch normalization, the latter of which has been proven to help the model train faster and allow faster learning [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2894, "input_1": "The cortical lesions resulted in significantly smaller cells in the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) in early-lesioned male, but not female rodents (Herman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2895, "input_1": "The tool differs primarily from the original CHLT-30 in that a Bdon’t know^ (DK) response option was included for each item because in pilot testing of the instrument, respondents did not feel comfortable guessing and preferred to indicate they did not know [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2896, "input_1": "As an example, it has recently been demonstrated that one or two strains are sufficient to drive major changes in gastrointestinal and host (mouse) metabolic profiles, where up to 1012 microbial cells or 4500 species may coexist (Marcobal et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2897, "input_1": "4A, compare lanes 1 to 2), confirming previous studies that demonstrate HCMV infection results for both NF B activation and DNA binding activity (18, 21, 23, 61).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2898, "input_1": "Due to the insufficient oxygen supply through the surface air and the plant-mediated oxygen transfer, incomplete nitrification has been reported in CWs (Tanner and Kadlec, 2003; Huett et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2899, "input_1": "Introduction of HDAC4-specific\nsiRNA significantly inhibited denervation-induced atrophy (Fig-\nure 1A) as was also shown previously (Moresi et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2900, "input_1": "Indeed, current knowledge on insertions and fiber orientation of the supinator can be found in old works [8, 10, 18, 29, 33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2901, "input_1": "Our results also support the findings of Safran et al. (2005) that channel steepness indices do not\ndepend systematically on underlying lithology (e.g., fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2902, "input_1": "Such an FBAT statistic can be the standard TDT, an FBAT for quantitative/qualitative traits, FBAT-GEE for multivariate traits, etc [4,6,18,20,21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2903, "input_1": "While it must be acknowledged that the initial acceptance of e-books is an important step toward realizing the early success of this innovation, empirical evidence shows that the long-term sustainability of an innovation and its ultimate success rest on its continued use, rather than on its first-time use.(13,14) This is because the development of innovations usually involves a significant initial outlay of capital, and a lack of continued use of the innovation could jeopardize the organization’s ability to recoup the investment in the development of the innovation, contributing to corporate failure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2904, "input_1": "One way to formulate the genealogical process with selection is through the “Λ-coalescent” [86]; meanwhile, certain aspects have recently been elucidated by considering the properties of noisy travelling waves [87].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2905, "input_1": "Zones around cemented stems have also been reported (Popovic et al. 2007), but the clinical relevance in the long term is uncertain.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2906, "input_1": "of gene transfer into dicotyledonous plants is to use the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation mechanism (Gasser and Fraley 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2907, "input_1": "Survival responses were much stronger than growth responses in our experiment, consistent with previous results from black cherry (Packer & Clay 2000, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2908, "input_1": "The data sets we use are publicly available from two widely used knowledge graphs, WordNet [37] and Freebase [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2909, "input_1": "Cervo et al. (1990) reported that the α2 adrenoceptor blockers idazoxan and 1-(pyrimidinyl)piperazine antagonized the effect of desipramine on immobility time in the forced-swim test in rats.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2910, "input_1": "Also, the peak muscle activity of the TES was about 10 %MVC lower and the IO and EO had larger EMG amplitudes during the pre-trial and trial in the Krajcarski et al. (1999) study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2911, "input_1": "Andean uplift was one of\nthe major drivers of biodiversity organization in South America (Gentry 1982; Jørgensen & Le on-Y anez 1999; Antonelli et al. 2010; Hoorn et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2912, "input_1": "Serum levels of VEGF, PlGF, Flt-1, Flk-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 were quantified by ELISA (Quantikine Human, R&D SYSTEMS, UK).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2913, "input_1": "The leaf area of the plants was analyzed based on digital photographs using AreaAna software (Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, China) (Zhang et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2914, "input_1": "cilial links of chick hair cells and the calyceal processes of photoreceptors, immunoprecipitates two proteins of 200 and 250 kDa from chicken retina (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2915, "input_1": "Several of these proteins take part in cellular detoxification and antioxidant defence, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) and CuZn-superoxide dismutase [42, 47, 48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2916, "input_1": "This criterion has been used elsewhere for classification of visual field deficits associated with neuro-ophthalmic disorders.(50)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2917, "input_1": "After birds established a stable baseline KPR on a VI 56 schedule, each was instrumented with sensors and a 5-gm FM radio transmitter to continuously telemeter ECG and record HR with a physiological recording system as previously described (Thompson et al., 1966, 1968a,b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2918, "input_1": "Such training has been shown to reduce resting CRP and IL-6 (Mendham et al. 2014), and improve glycaemic control (Andersen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2919, "input_1": "There have been further parameterized complexity studies of Boolean CSP [20, 28, 21, 19], but", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2920, "input_1": "For low-income women, the provision of travel and transportation support is an important facilitator to care [64,79,83].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2921, "input_1": "The characteristic behavior of SNRe with the applied strain has been defined as the strain filter (SF) (Varghese and Ophir 1997a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2922, "input_1": "nlp-3 is expressed in many sensory neurons, including the ADFs, ASEs, ASHs, ASJs, and AWBs (Nathoo et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2923, "input_1": "Several strategies, such as the one proposed by Gu [10], exist in order to avoid generator growth, and they can be applied to both the original GKO algorithm and its space-efficient versions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2924, "input_1": "Following [23], we use L2 norm as the base metric for Gist, L1 for global color histogram, and 2 for local features.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2925, "input_1": "5% Cronobacter contamination of PIF in Malaysia was almost in agreement with reports of Cawthorn et al. (2008) and Witthuhn et al. (2006) who found the prevalence of Cronobacter in South African PIF were 14 and 18%, respectively. Muytjens et al. (1988) also reported that 14% of PIF samples were positive for Cronobacter contamination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2926, "input_1": "By contrast, the activation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts by LL-37 apparently does not involve a sterospecific interaction, as the D-enantiomer and L-enantiomer of LL-37 exhibit comparable activities (Tomasinsig et al., 2008; von Haussen et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2927, "input_1": "Whereas enlarged body size has been traditionally put forward as a major biological factor facilitating herbivory and frugivory in lizards (see Schoener et al. 1982; Van Damme 1999; Cooper and Vitt 2002), a recent review of frugivory and seed dispersal by lizards suggested that frugivory should be considered an island phenomenon, independent of the effects of body size (Olesen and Valido 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2928, "input_1": "Bartroff and Lai (2008) recently gave a unified treatment of both cases in the general framework of multiparameter exponential families.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2929, "input_1": "However, earliest observations of cutaneous horns in humans were described by British surgeon Everard Home in 1791.[4] Farris from Italy first described the gigantic horn in man as well as documented a case report with adequate histology.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2930, "input_1": "The importance of C/EBP proteins initially has been demonstrated in tissue culture model systems of adipogenesis and hematopoiesis (Lin and Lane 1992; Freytag et al. 1994; Hu et al. 1995; Müller et al. 1995; Nerlov et al. 1998) and has now been firmly established through analysis of the respective knockout mice (Screpanti et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2931, "input_1": "The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS; Ward et al., 1993) consisting\nof questions, each with a five-item answer scale, concerning childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2932, "input_1": "appears to be resulted from the upregulation of Mac-1 surface expression in monocyte cells, making a firm association with ICAM-1 on vascular endothelium [13], [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2933, "input_1": "Eight of the included studies examined the history of changes made to each registry record in order to compare published outcomes with the primary outcome as stated in the registry at either the time of study initiation or prior to completion of enrollment [7, 16, 20, 22, 24, 30, 31, 36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2934, "input_1": "Such complex\nmixtures are commonly investigated in metabolomics studies (Saric et al., 2008; Le Gall et al., 2011; Marcobal et al., 2013; Weir et al., 2013; Walker et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2935, "input_1": "The meta-analysis was initially conducted on all the retrieved studies [9–22], and then separately on studies with a randomized [9, 10, 15, 18, 22] and observational [11–14, 16, 17, 19–21] design.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2936, "input_1": "Interest in the use of CWs for remediation of runoff from agricultural irrigation and agro-industrial production has become increasingly popular over the last decades, due to their low capital and operational cost, low energy consumption, and environmental friendliness (Huett et al., 2005; Scholz, 2007; Carty et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2937, "input_1": "Although this report is not focused on the visual feedback effect (39,46), the observed isometric steadiness adaptations were not different for vision and no-vision contractions, which suggests a neural mechanism independent from visuomotor control of force.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2938, "input_1": "This result is interesting as the total recall reflects the amount of information that is stored by the subject and it is the most important marker of long term episodic memory (Sarazin et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2939, "input_1": "Dizzinesslightheadedness (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995) or sleepiness (Vloet et al. 2005) is the most frequent clinical presentation; however, severe PPH has also been associated with syncope (Lipsitz et al. 1986) and falls (Puisieux et al. 2000; Le Couteur et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2940, "input_1": "When the outcome of the literature review was deemed not to qualify for inclusion (e.g., study size too small for stable age-specific counts, or reports focusing on mortality rather than incidence of CJD), the required agespecific incidence counts for 5-year age groups (cases and, sometimes, person-year denominators) were obtained upon request from three sources: firstly from authors reporting ALS incidence on the basis of National Registry data in Sweden [17,18]; secondly, from the Research and Surveillance Unit at the Edinburgh Unit (RGWill) for atCJD and vCJD in the UK, for the period 1993–2007; and thirdly, from the Spanish CJD Registry 1995–2013 for gCJD, sCJD and sRPNDd (Table 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2941, "input_1": "The masses presented in Table 3 are averages for several specimens, but in this analysis Arctodus simus is represented by the specimen PM 24880, one of the largest and most complete specimens known (Richards & Turnbull 1995). If one takes the average value of the six means calculated for this particular animal from the total sample, the result is a mass of 780 kg, very close to the 766 kg calculated for the specimen by Richards and Turnbull (1995). The corresponding values for the regressions for felids and ursids are 822, and no less than 1 039 kg, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2942, "input_1": "The genetic differentiation in PT is comparable to that observed in Castelvolturno (Spagnuolo et al. 2007), apart from a lower\nnumber of haplotypes in the first than in the second (12/35 and 43/45, respectively).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2943, "input_1": "Cellular models for insulin resistance and in vivo studies suggested an association between insulin resistance and alterations in IRS proteins, and particular in IRS1 and IRS2 [10, 11, 12, 13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2944, "input_1": "non-kin nest burrows, including in long-term data sets (King 1989b; Viblanc et al. 2010; Arnaud, Dobson & Murie 2012; Dobson et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2945, "input_1": "Quantitative geneticists have documented numerous cases of such interactions (Stuber et al. 1992; Ragot et al. 1995; Cockerham and Zeng 1996; Melchinger et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2946, "input_1": "The goal in our ISCA 2012 paper [66] is to mitigate such detrimental e ects of bank con icts in a cost-e ective manner.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2947, "input_1": "br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al. (2001) even found different morula and blastocyst rates among clonal colonies obtained from the same donor cell fetus. In our investigation of in vivo developmental capacity after transfer of NT embryos to recipient cows, we did not observe significant differences in initial pregnancy (< day 40 of gestation) rates between transfected and non-transfected donor cells, which was also reported by Zakhartchenko et al. (2001). In contrast, Forsberg et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2948, "input_1": "…power incision rule, however, demonstrates that the increase in erosivity that might accompany greater precipitation along the front would be accompanied by a reduction in channel gradient [e.g., Roe et al., 2002; Whipple et al., 1999], as the river is more effective at balancing rock uplift.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2949, "input_1": "A series of studies showed that kisspeptins and their receptor co-localized in alpha and beta cells of pancreas (Hauge-Evans et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2950, "input_1": "(86) that\nEðxlyÞ ¼\nXk ‘¼1 ðA‘y þ c‘Þe20:5ðy2m‘Þ TL21 ‘ ðy2m‘Þ\nX ‘ e20:5ðy2m‘Þ TL21 ‘ ðy2m‘Þ\n; ð89Þ\nwhich is exactly the Extended Normalized Gaussian RBF net (Xu, 1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2951, "input_1": "Consistent with our results, there was no significant association of 25(OH)D and mortality in a 3-year follow-up study of 230 Chinese patients with a median peritoneal dialysis duration of 26 months [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2952, "input_1": "Equation 6 is frequently used to calculate CD from 3D wind measurements based on knowledge of PAD and estimations for Pm (Amiro 1990; Kerzenmacher and Gardiner 1998; Mahrt et al. 2001; Pinard and Wilson 2001; Cescatti and Marcolla 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2953, "input_1": "tems in (Poon and Domingos, 2008; Haghighi and Klein, 2009; Raghunathan et al., 2010), with the best results so far obtained by the deterministic sieve system of Lee at al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2954, "input_1": ", 2009), Turkey (Yalcuk & Ugurlu, 2009), Australia (Huett et al., 2005; Headley et al., 2001), New Zealand (Tanner et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2955, "input_1": "29 The 40% fT>MIC target was chosen because it represents maximum bactericidal activity in animal and in vitro studies.(5) The 60% fT>MIC target was chosen because a recent study in patients with lower respiratory tract infections found a significant relationship between microbiologic response and an fT>MIC of 54%.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2956, "input_1": "The average magnitude of the NBR increases with increasing stimulus intensity and duration (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002), suggesting that NBR reflects neuronal inhibition required to optimise task performance, by reducing sensitivity and allocation of processing resources to the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2957, "input_1": "Ecological risks of Japanese knotweed include outcompeting native plants, directly for light and water and indirectly via alleopathy (Dommanget et al. 2014), and changing habitat structure for animals (Engler et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2958, "input_1": "The present Upper-middle Yangtze River flows southward to the South China Sea (Clark et al. 2004; Yang et al. 2006; Zheng et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2959, "input_1": "…with the unfolded protein response (UPR) (Hunter et al., 2002), consistent with the expression of a malfolded, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–localized protein. o2 and o1 (Nelson et al., 1965) also show an increased UPR, but to a lesser extent than in De-B30, fl2, and Mc (Hunter et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2960, "input_1": "We add this particular consistency in crowdsourcing to a graph-based semi-supervised framework [25] and develop our novel algorithm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2961, "input_1": "This N-acetylation reaction is described as a detoxification reaction since it decreases the reactivity of the primary amine function and leads, in general, to poorly “toxic” or even “innocuous” metabolites (Hein et al. 2000; Kim and Guengerich 2005; Turesky and Le Marchand 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2962, "input_1": "We used the TPC-H benchmark data and queries for the experiments, which were also used by the DBO work [2, 9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2963, "input_1": "greater likelihood of writing down one’s password, or even sharing passwords, which indicates a lack of InfoSec awareness (Dinev and Hu 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2964, "input_1": "Our findings confirm a geographic maldistribution of radiation therapy and general oncology services that leaves significant portions of the population without ready access to radiation therapy [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2965, "input_1": "At this site we have already carried out a local-scale analysis (Spagnuolo et al. 2007). For the small-scale analysis, 56 shoots were analysed in a grid of 35 cm 9 40 cm with mesh of 5 cm 9 5 cm (Fig. 1), so that we could estimate clonal size/shape and growth pattern. 162 J Plant Res (2009) 122:161–170", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2966, "input_1": "2005), the myosin family (Knight and Kendrick 1993; Reddy and Day 2001; Holweg and Nick 2004; Ojangu et al. 2007), the CaMbinding transcriptional activators (CAMTA) family (Reddy et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2967, "input_1": "Note that in their pioneering paper Calvet and Fisher (2002) proposed the simplified version of the construction of Mannersalo et al (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2968, "input_1": "While 41–57% of J ms appears to be transcellular and DRA mediated in the lower half of the mouse intestine [17], whether there is a similar contribution from DRA in the upper small intestine remains undetermined.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2969, "input_1": "Antidepressant-like effects were measured using the tail suspension test (TST) [20], with minor alterations [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2970, "input_1": "PED/PEA-15 is a 15-kDa cytosolic protein whose gene has been shown to be overexpressed in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic subjects (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2971, "input_1": "pumilus maintained 50% of its original activity after 30 min incubation at 50 C [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2972, "input_1": "Lee et al. (2001) Human lung squamous cell carcinoma (CH27), human lung nonsmall cell carcinoma (H460) CH27 and H460 cells were treated with aloeemodin or emodin.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2973, "input_1": "In particular, we show new findings on the following universal hash functions and MAC algorithms based thereupon: polynomial hash [6, 13, 8, 22, 25], MMH [17], Square Hash [15], NH/UMAC [9] and its variants VMAC [28] and WH/WMAC [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2974, "input_1": "In addition, there are continued new developments in lowcost, light-weight, and long-duration UAVs (Lucieer et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2975, "input_1": "These results seem contradictory to the results of a study by Matjačić and Olenšek [14], who studied artificially induced crouch walking in healthy adults by means of a psoas and hamstrings contraction emulation system.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2976, "input_1": "Many aspects of successful programs are being tackled through studies ranging from social acceptance and carbon\naccounting to silvicultural management strategies (Cai et al. 2011; DesRochers et al. 2006, 2007; Henkel-Johnson 2013; Neumann et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2977, "input_1": "Density-dependent slow growth resulting from high densities has been implicated in previous studies examining small adult size in bluegills (Swingle and Smith 1941; Ligler 1971; Murnyak et al. 1985; Otis et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2978, "input_1": "climate models on the basis of such information is not yet settled, with models differing in their ability to simulate droughts from a range of causes (McCrary and Randall 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2979, "input_1": ", metabolic state, changes in hepatic clearance of acyl-ghrelin, differences between acyl-ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin clearance rates, availability of substrate (octanoate/octanoyl-CoA) and/or changes in GOAT activity [61, 62, 65, 66].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2980, "input_1": "It has recently been demonstrated that deguelin effects on GSK-3b dephosphorylation cause the restoration of its ability to prime b-catenin degradation, resulting in the destabilization of free b-catenin, which is a critical step in Wnt signaling in cancer cells [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2981, "input_1": "Alignment with sequences deposited in the RDP and GenBank-EMBL databases showed that the sequences of all of the strains were most similar to the G. amarae SE-6 sequence (accession no.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2982, "input_1": "8 Recall of our video-based fish species recognition results [2] on the FishCLEF 31K dataset", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2983, "input_1": "Experiments using animal models show that polymeric IgA antibodies are more cross-reactive with variant viruses than monomeric IgA or IgG [58].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2984, "input_1": "Ward, Wender, and Reimherr (1993) developed a psychiatric instrument, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), specifically designed retrospectively to assess ADHD symptoms in adult subjects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2985, "input_1": "…inclusions (Saudou et al., 1998; Bodner et al., 2006), and from the observation that expression of mutant tau in human tauopathies (Reed et al., 2001) and in Drosophila (Wittmann et al., 2001) can lead to neuronal loss without passing through a tangle stage raise the possibility…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2986, "input_1": "This problematic situation was alleviated by viewing the scanned areas with a wider window, such as a bone setting.(15) The author of case series of human patients stated that as the window width was increased, the foreign bodies were more easily identified and better differentiated from a gas or fluid build up due to the wood’s absorptive characteristics and the duration of the injury.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2987, "input_1": "…“bicarbonate concentration threshold” (associated with PCO2 ~ 15 mmHg) and without at least partial recovery of blood pHe (Claiborne and Heisler 1986; Pörtner et al. 1998; McKenzie et al. 2003).\nremarkably, some of the most CO2 tolerant fishes studied to date tightly regulate the pHi of vital…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2988, "input_1": "In this regard, TONSL is already known to participate in the repair of collapsed or stalled replication forks (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010), which is also a known BRCA1 function (Pathania et al. 2011; Schlacher et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2989, "input_1": "To further confirm the EMu analysis, we also analyzed the same set of tumors with NMF [16,17] and found nearly identical signatures (cosine similarity 0.9988 between the EMu and NMF AA signatures) and similar estimates of the AA signature’s contributions for these tumors (Figures S8 to S10 in Additional file 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 2990, "input_1": "Component\nRHOA 3 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway\nintracellular\nSPTA1 1 MAPK cascade cytosol\nTP53 17 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter\nnuclear chromatin\nUSH2A 1 visual perception photoreceptor inner segment AKT1 14 protein import into nucleus nucleus\nARID1A 1 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter\nnuclear chromatin\nCTCF 16 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter\nchromosome\nEP300 22 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter\nhistone acetyltransferase complex\nFBXW7 4 protein polyubiquitination nucleoplasm\nKRAS 12 MAPK cascade intracellular\nTIAM1 21 cardiac muscle hypertrophy nucleus\nCTNNB1 3 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter\nspindle pole\nCHD4 12 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter\nnuclear chromatin\nArticle No~e00277\nTable 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2991, "input_1": "We queried the MIMIC II 2.6 database (M. Saeed, 2011), which includes information from the EMR on 26,870 ICU patients at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) collected since 2001.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2992, "input_1": "probably contributes to a fast down-regulation of the fulllength ABI3 in ripe seeds, which is necessary to inhibit the seed maturation program in germinating seeds (Sugliani et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2993, "input_1": ", 1989) in general and to mobile technology acceptance literature in particular (Kim et al., 2007; Kim and Garrison, 2009; Lee and Park, 2008; Liang et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2994, "input_1": "Therefore, ongoing inhibition during substrate incubation needs to be considered in the model, at least for the most sensitive components (Estévez and Vilanova 2009; Estévez et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2995, "input_1": "…gene has the potential to challenge oxazolidinone clinical utility as well as other antimicrobial classes (phLOPSA pattern) used in humans or animals (Arias et al., 2008; Kehrenberg and Schwartz, 2006; Kehrenberg et al., 2005, 2007; Long et al., 2006; Mendes et al,, 2008; Schwarz et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2996, "input_1": "Previous theoretical analyses involving prior noise [9,13,19,28,29] often focused on a specific model, one-bit noise.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2997, "input_1": "In contrast, retinoic acid up-regulates keratin 13 and 19, which are normally found in non-keratinized epithelia (Kopan et al. 1987, Asselineau et al. 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 2998, "input_1": "For the purpose of this study, the diagnosis of IDA was based on physicians’ documentation in the case notes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 2999, "input_1": "Other extrathyroidal pathologies coexisting with THA are: familial dilated cardiomyopathy and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (Gursoy et al. 2006), autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type III (Papi et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3000, "input_1": "Lead concentration in brain is generally quite low (Jones et al. 1994; Kostial et al. 1999; Varnai et al. 2004), and data from this study supports this finding.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3001, "input_1": "These results differ from some other studies where the ALND group showed significant loss of shoulder range of motion compared to SLNB at 2–3 years of follow-up [14, 22, 40–42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3002, "input_1": "Myogenin, which is transcriptionally induced upon denerva-\ntion by an HDAC4-dependent mechanism (Cohen et al., 2007),\nwas recently reported to activate MuRF1 and atrogin-1 tran-\nscription and muscle atrophy (Moresi et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3003, "input_1": "Third, since we compared the same groups of participants also with respect to basic visuomotor tasks (Huestegge et al. 2009a), we already know that the present cannabis group exhibits deficits in basic oculomotor control.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3004, "input_1": "Overall, findings are similar to data reported internationally, for example, of poorer self-reported health (Pappas et al. 2005, Malinauskiene et al. 2011), obesity (Bogossian et al. 2012, Kyle et al. 2016), pain and inadequate sleep (Bjorvatn et al. 2012, Chiou et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3005, "input_1": "KEY WORDS: reuniens nucleus; rhomboid nucleus; radial maze DNM; DNMTP\nINTRODUCTION\nMedial thalamic lesions produce core signs of memory impairment comparable to medial temporal lobe amnesia (McKee and Squire, 1992; Van der Werf et al., 2003; Gold and Squire, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3006, "input_1": "” The distribution pattern of the motifs on the whole genome was searched using FIMO software (Grant et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3007, "input_1": "homicide, violence, incarceration, obesity, drug abuse, and lowered child well-being and academic accomplishment [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3008, "input_1": "Many authors have replicated similar results with this technique and supraclavicular nerve grafting has become the standard surgical approach for these patients [3, 8, 11, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3009, "input_1": "Levels of phenotypic plasticity [19], seed dormancy [33], co-variation among fitness traits [29], and pathogen load [34] are also known (among other factors) to limit evolutionary adaptation, and many are especially relevant for invasive plant populations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3010, "input_1": "populations due to the resultant increase in the availability of suitable benthic habitats for polyp proliferation (Duarte et al., 2012; Purcell, 2012; Makabe et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3011, "input_1": "Hassan et al. [20] proposed and developed a fusion model combining the HMM with an Artificial Neural Network and a Genetic Algorithm to achieve better forecasts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3012, "input_1": ", light and openness) are sufficient to make it aversive (Calatayud & Belzung, 2001; Russell, 1979); (c) the OF is, nevertheless, a relatively novel environment after four 2-min exposures, compared with the animal’s home cage; and (d) the aim of this selection experiment was to create two lines of mice, the divergence in emotionality being based on the more stable and enduring features of these animals, rather than only on an initial response to novelty (see Belzung & Griebel, 2001; Lister, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3013, "input_1": "This is in contrast to the situation with the enveloped virus fusion machines, where spatial relationships between the binding and fusion components frequently influence the folding, stability or triggering of the pre-fusion complex and/or coordinated progression through the fusion reaction [7,8,10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3014, "input_1": "PI(3)P is also a crucial component of autophagosomal membranes (Roberts and Ktistakis, 2013) and was recently shown to be required for actin assembly at phagophores (Mi et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3015, "input_1": "(2010) 6(9) 1436 future science group Review Grotenhuis, Vermeulen & Kiemeney presence of visceral (lung, liver or bone) metastasis showing the most consistent results [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3016, "input_1": "…absence of telomerase function has been shown to lead to a senescence-associated increase in genome instability in both haploid and diploid strains (Chen and Kolodner, 1999; Hackett et al., 2001; DuBois et al., 2002; Hackett and Greider, 2003; Mieczkowski et al., 2003; Meyer and Bailis, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3017, "input_1": "Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2015) 48(7): 654-664, http://dx.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3018, "input_1": "Timing and doses of anti-NGF treatment were chosen on the basis of previous studies that confirmed the efficacy of this antibody in blocking NGF biological effects in our rat model (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3019, "input_1": "Protein is released when the surface condition becomes superhydrophilic, then resulting in cell detachment [13, 37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3020, "input_1": "In thermoneutral conditions, plasma concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 are not changed in response to a marathon run or cycling for 30-120 min (Nieman et al. 2001; Suzuki et al. 2000; Svendsen et al. 2014; Zaldivar et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3021, "input_1": "Inasmuch as glutamate was found to be an extremely poor substrate for the neutral/basic amino acid symporter (Hennigan et al. 1993a) or any other symporter characterized to date in M. sexta, an evaluation of glutamate uptake under alkaline conditions seemed important.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3022, "input_1": "…H. Dong (&) Y. Niu X. Kong Z. Luo Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, China e-mail: donghz@saas.ac.cn\ncondition to study association between source and sink, as well as vegetative and reproductive growth (Dong et al. 2008b; Zhang et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3023, "input_1": "…tool for clinicians interested in understanding the impact of drug therapy on the control of HIV and the associated problem of drug resistance (Bonhoeffer et al. 1997; Callaway and Perelson 2002; Kepler and Perelson 1998; McLean et al. 1991; McLean and Nowak 1992;\nRong et al. 2007; Ward et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3024, "input_1": "From a strategic viewpoint, layered modular architectures have the competitive advantage, as well as the challenge, in being doubly distributed [57].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3025, "input_1": "This result is consistent with the fact that allele frequencies differ considerably (2-31%) in different ethnic groups (Lindh et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3026, "input_1": "…(Bosco et al., 2006) and has already been used in many food systems including meat (Moller et al., 2003), fish oil (Pedersen et al., 2002), milk (Boubellouta and Dufour, 2008), cheese (Christensen et al., 2003), sugar (Bro, 1999), beer (Sikorska et al., 2008), red wine (Airado-Rodriguez et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3027, "input_1": "Our results demonstrate that synaesthetes, on the whole, do significantly outperform controls on this task, consistent with Ramachandran & Hubbard (2001a) and Hubbard et al. (2005). Superior performance was not linked to the number of trials in which synaesthetic colour was experienced, but was related to the proportion of graphemes that were noted to be coloured.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3028, "input_1": "Our results are in keeping with the findings of Nishikawa et al [24] and suggest that the prophylactic phenylephrine infusion may be considered relatively safe with respect to its effect on hypertension and bradycardia despite the use of a high cumulative dose at the infusion rate of 100 μg/min.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3029, "input_1": "Some studies showed an increased ratio of deaths among patients admitted during NT [5-7], whereas others documented a no-risk effect [8-12], or even a surprisingly protective effect [13,14], of NT admission relative to mortality.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3030, "input_1": "…group size on reproduction, particularly during drought conditions, probably results from reduced foraging efficiency from scramble competition (Bronikowski and Altmann 1996; Altmann and Alberts 2003a), as found in several other cercopithecine populations (van Schaik and van Noordwijk 1988;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3031, "input_1": "The ABF procedure was preferred for (1) patients with long segment occlusions (combined common iliac and external iliac occlusions) that were heavily calcified and with associated infrainguinal disease, (2) patients with technically failed percutaneous intervention, (3) patients with recurrent stent thrombosis after failed percutaneous secondary intervention for iliac artery occlusion, and (4) patients with a hypoplastic aorta and small-diameter arteries distal to the iliac artery occlusion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3032, "input_1": "SVCT2 has been detected in mice skeletal muscle (Kuo et al. 2004) as well as in two murine muscle cell lines (Savini et al. 2005, Savini et al. 2007b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3033, "input_1": "…role in many NLP applications, deterministic models based on rich sets of expert rules for coreference have been shown recently to achieve performance rivaling, if not exceeding, the performance of state of the art machine learning approaches (Haghighi and Klein, 2009; Raghunathan et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3034, "input_1": "In our previous study, it is documented that body weight, clinical signs and micronucleus appearance did not differ in Vit E+Setreated broiler chicks when compared with the control group (Sharaf et al., 2009) which is also an indication that this amalgamation can assuage the noxious effects of CY more effectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3035, "input_1": "These channels are known to participate in signaling for ROM production by neutrophils, which is one consequence of neutrophil exposure to weak phase-matched electric fields (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3036, "input_1": "The AML12 cell line consists of well-differentiated and nontumorigenic murine hepatocytes derived from the liver of a transgenic mouse overexpressing human transforming growth factor alpha (55).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3037, "input_1": "Although these twomethods described above were originally proposed for single-shell data, they can be generalized for multi-shell data using two different approaches:\n • First fit diffusion models, such as DTI (Basser et al., 1994) or Spherical Polar Fourier Imaging (Assemlal et al., 2009; Cheng et al., 2010b), to high-anisotropy diffusion signal E(q) in R3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3038, "input_1": "For this a pneumatic sensor (SIGaT®, Ganzoni, Switzerland) was used to receive the in vivo pressure dimensions at B- and C-Level based on a previous study (Gaied et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3039, "input_1": "…is variation among ecosystems, the most common eVect of exposing plants to UV-B is a decrease in the intensity of insect herbivory (Ballaré et al. 1996; Rousseaux et al. 1998, 2004; Mazza et al. 1999b; Zavala et al. 2001; for reviews, see Ballaré et al. 2001; Caldwell et al. 2003; Bassman 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3040, "input_1": "Multiple studies have shown that specific phosphatidylcholines and sphingolipids levels, as well as the triglyceride profile are associated with relative risk for type II diabetes (Floegel et al. 2012; Rhee et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3041, "input_1": "In addition, the Group×Encoding Condition interactions revealed an interesting pattern: controls largely showed greater activity than schizophrenia participants during Intentional encoding in areas commonly associated with EM processing (Buckner et al., 2001; Otten et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3042, "input_1": "Stimulation-induced body sway and spontaneous body sway\n The body sway content was evaluated by three variance ratio values (Fransson et al. 2000, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3043, "input_1": "The findings of this study support the results of a previous, unpublished study in which patients were found to have hopes for a cure, symptom relief, information, and understanding.(11) In this study, the impact of patients’ problems on their ability to live normal lives and carry out routine daily activities is evident.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3044, "input_1": "Subsequently, participants were asked to complete an Italian version3 of the TBGI (Dasgupta & Rivera, 2006) and to provide their answers on a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3045, "input_1": "In Arabidopsis, two alternatively spliced isoforms of ABI3, ABI3-a and ABI3-b have been shown to encode the fulllength and truncated ABI3 proteins, respectively (Sugliani et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3046, "input_1": "This is similar to the results reported by other studies [5-7] that have shown that approximately 33% of subjects with TMD had a history of mental anxiety.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3047, "input_1": "accounting to silvicultural management strategies (Cai et al. 2011; DesRochers et al. 2006, 2007; Henkel-Johnson 2013; Neumann et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3048, "input_1": "If the sensor arrangement on the sheet is not sufficiently dense to sample the temperature map according to the Nyquist criterion [28], then the exact temperature distribution cannot be estimated as a result of this under-sampling.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3049, "input_1": "Squalene epoxidase (Sqle, B173-fold increase) regulates one of the final catalytic reactions of\ncholesterol biosynthesis (Xu et al, 2005; Clapham and Arch,\n2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3050, "input_1": "The last control variable investigated is called the MinMax and minimizes the maximal muscle activation (Rasmussen et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3051, "input_1": "It is important to identify the vascular invasion, as the degree of vascular invasion by FTC has important prognostic implications[7,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3052, "input_1": "Further [14] proposed distant supervision method employing Freebase to automatically develop a large dataset", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3053, "input_1": "…(Brewer, 1988), prior work suggests that people do not always have accurate knowledge of the attitudes of close others (Kenny & Acitelli, 2001; Lerouge & Warlop, 2006) and that insufficient individuating information can actually increase the use of stereotypes (Yzerbyt, Scahdron, Leyens, &…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3054, "input_1": "These mice were generated by microinjection of the COX-2 transgene (complete COX-2 cDNA cloned into the albumin promoter-driven vector (14, 15)) into mouse zygotes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3055, "input_1": "Finally, and most importantly, the demonstrated, exclusionary interactions in a community with diverse members (Shipunov et al., 2008) provide another example of the paradox of diversity (Hutchinson, 1961).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3056, "input_1": "Most of these atlases are based on a single animal (Cannestra et al., 1997; Saleem and Logothetis, 2006; Van Essen, 2002, 2004); while others are based on small samples of 6–12 animals (Black et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3057, "input_1": "The separation of border cells is the endpoint of a coordinated set of processes within the root cap (Baluska et al. 1996a; Barlow 1975; Feldman 1984; Rost 2011; Wen et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3058, "input_1": "There have been few animal studies on this subject, which provides insufficient evidence as to the rationale for using ORM in nasal patency assessments [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3059, "input_1": "The motion ratio is the upstroke voltage divided by the peakto-peak voltage during the AP (25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3060, "input_1": "…shown to be difficult to measure and studies have found conflicting results regarding the locations of peak shear pressures beneath the foot (Pollard et al., 1983, Tappin and Robertson, 1991, Hosein and Lord, 2000, Perry et al., 2002, Yavuz et al., 2007, Stucke et al., 2012, Mori et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3061, "input_1": "The superior bonding effectiveness shown in vitro [6, 7] and the resultant clinical performance [5, 8] has been attributed to optimal enamel inter-locking and dentin hybridization, as demonstrated in various ultramorphologic interface analyses [6, 7, 9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3062, "input_1": "Deletion of the α-CTD leads to a loss of NusA functions such as enhanced pausing, Qmediated antitermination, and Q-mediated occlusion of the RNA transcript (72, 126).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3063, "input_1": "mTORC2 contains rictor and phosphorylates Akt at S473, which, in conjunction with the PDK1-mediated phosphorylation at T308, drives full activation of Akt (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Dann et al., 2007; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3064, "input_1": "The Simulated Annealing approach has been proven to be very effective when applied to non convex optimization, for which gradient based algorithms may fail to produce good solutions, Cerný (1985); Marques et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3065, "input_1": "GSEA with FoxP3 Target Gene Lists In order to examine how genes downstream of the FoxP3 transcription factor were modulated by the two treatments, we utilized gene sets constructed by Zheng et al. [28] from FoxP3+ Tcells isolated from human thymus and periphery comprising genes that had FoxP3 binding sites by ChIP (Chromatin-Immuniprecipitation) and are differentially expressed relative to FoxP3– T-cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3066, "input_1": "The CRK-SH3 is a typical class II domain that can bind the peptide motif of PxxPx+ (where + refers to a positively charged residue) (12), which well matches the sequence pattern of SecPeptide (161LGPPSPVKMP170).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3067, "input_1": "While in [12] memory locations are classified at page level, we demonstrate that much performance increase is left untapped by this implementation and that we can further exploit this property at a finer granularity by classifying memory locations at the cache block level.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3068, "input_1": "…1990; Vorontsov and Blekhman 2001; Zhao\net al. 2002; Kuznetsov and Proshchalykin 2006;\nKovář 2007; Hoàng 2007; Kuznetsov and Proshcha-\nlykin 2007; Poutsma et al. 2008; Tyumaseva and\nGuskova 2008; USDA-ROBO 2008; Sato et al. 2008;\nKrivets and Korovinskaya 2009; Tyumaseva and\nZhdanova 2009;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3069, "input_1": "To simulate a randomized trial, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce potential confounding and selection biases [18,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3070, "input_1": "…time: Particularly, the learning performance of our animat seems still far from the learning speed that real rat can reach in the same task (Albertin et al., 2000), even if the high time constant that we used in our model does not allow a rigorous comparison yet (cf. parameters table in…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3071, "input_1": "Considering the high level of contamination by chimeric sequences in the SILVA database [12], SILVA sequences were not counted towards cluster sizes, and clusters consisting only of SILVA sequences were excluded from further analysis (37,066 97% OTUs).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3072, "input_1": "The validity of the associations was manually assessed using annotation information available from NCBI, KEGG, [12], and SEED [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3073, "input_1": "binds to an ATP-bound form of Hsp90, stabilizing the interaction between Hsp90 and its client proteins.(2) In addition, Hsp70 coimmunoprecipitated with endogenous FANCA in these cells (data not shown).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3074, "input_1": "Since estimating these conditional probabilities is impractical, following an earlier approach (Blaylock and Allen 2003), Mott et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3075, "input_1": "β-arr2 injection on immobilized ICL3 also interfered with FLNA(16-23) binding to the peptide (Figure 7D).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3076, "input_1": "chromatic dispersion and the compensation of laser phase noise have been carried out effectively in coherent transmission systems according to the reported work [25-43].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3077, "input_1": "The last two methods, AHP and Likert scale, were applied by the first author for the determination of the weights [19, 20] due to the robustness and simplicity of these two methods.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3078, "input_1": "There are also some other studies [5, 6] directly grid partitioning the images into patches; however it is less intuitive to define the grids and hard to interpret the patches.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3079, "input_1": "This implies that about 40% of the study population living in the North would benefit from increasing the duration of solar exposure as presented previously [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3080, "input_1": "Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer, and the resistance to traditional chemo- and radiotherapy make it a stubborn and notorious malignancy [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3081, "input_1": "The observed decrease in sperm count, motility and viability are consistent with previous reports showing impaired semen parameters in cadmium exposed rats [9,10,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3082, "input_1": "They initialize their orthogonal mapping using an adversarial training phase, much like Conneau et al. [2018], and solve the optimization problem with alternating minimization. Our approach differs from theirs: by bootstrapping on the solution of a smaller problem to initialize the mapping, we avoid the need for a neural network initialization that is used in their approach. In addition, our annealing scheme on the entropic regularization leads to smooth convergence, with very little sensitivity to initialization. Concurrently with our work,1 Grave et al. [2018] tackle the problem of unsupervised word embedding alignment with a similar optimization framework as the one proposed by Zhang et al. [2017b], combining Wasserstein distances (an instance of optimal transport distances) and Procrustes alignment. Their approach differs from Zhang et al. [2017b] in how they scale up optimization, by relying on a stochastic Sinkhorn solver [Genevay et al., 2018]. In addition, they initialize their approach by solving a convex relaxation of the the original problem. Although driven by a similar motivation (word embedding alignment) and relying on similar principles (joint optimization of optimal transport coupling and feature mapping) as the work of Zhang et al. [2017b] and Grave et al. [2018], our approach differs from them in several aspects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3083, "input_1": "This situation is also known as the tragedy of the commons [4] and the game belongs to what is called a common pool resource game [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3084, "input_1": "…has been described variously, as intramural coronary artery, mural coronary artery, coronary artery overbridging, and most commonly myocardial bridging (MB) (Canyigit et al. 2009; Lazoura et al. 2010; Mohlenkamp et al. 2002; Montaudon et al. 2007; Ozbag et al. 2002; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3085, "input_1": "Cell-tracing experiments in chicken (Jaffredo et al., 2000; Jaffredo et al., 1998) and mouse (Chen et al., 2009; de Bruijn et al., 2002; Sugiyama et al., 2003; Zovein et al., 2008) species indicate that IAHCs derive from hemogenic ECs through an Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition (EHT).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3086, "input_1": "[7–9] The CNS involvement is often a prominent clinical manifestation, and meningitis or meningoencephalitis occurs in 12–26% of the affected patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3087, "input_1": "Gly/Ser-rich region which involving in ATP binding are participated in the biosynthesis of isoprenes, amino acids as well as carbohydrate metabolism (Bork et al. 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3088, "input_1": "However, no previous studies have looked into lesions caused by CY and role of Vit E and Se in alleviating the harmful effects of CY in broiler chicks except one (Sharaf et al., 2009), which has dealt with hematological alterations and their attenuation by Vit E and Se.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3089, "input_1": "Nevertheless, compelling evi-\ndence suggests that cholinergic transmission is a major modulator\nof the induction process (Wang et al., 2006; Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3090, "input_1": "We also compared the easy selected and easy nonselected conditions with a t-test, because this contrast provides a replication of the main conditions included in previous studies (Duque et al. 2010, 2012; Labruna et al.\n2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3091, "input_1": "However, the emergence of the cfr mobile gene has the potential to challenge oxazolidinone clinical utility as well as other antimicrobial classes (phLOPSA pattern) used in humans or animals (Arias et al., 2008; Kehrenberg and Schwartz, 2006; Kehrenberg et al., 2005, 2007; Long et al., 2006; Mendes et al,, 2008; Schwarz et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3092, "input_1": "Consistent with these experimental findings in animals, head-down rotation (HDR) performed in young adults, which engages the otolith organs of the vestibular system, increases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and produces limb vasoconstriction (14, 20, 25, 34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3093, "input_1": "Furthermore, the Obwegeser-Dal Pont method delayed the recovery period of hypoesthesia of the lower lip and was associated with a higher incidence of lower lip hypoesthesia than the Obwegeser method (Hashiba et al., 2007; Takazakura et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3094, "input_1": "DSF are characterized by smaller chromatic dispersion and higher Raman scattering coefficient than standard SMF (showing similar loss coefficients), and hence they have been found more suitable for long-range Raman-based DTS [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3095, "input_1": "This viewpoint can be very insightful; for example, it led to the development of generalized belief propagation (Yedidia et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3096, "input_1": "Inhibition of PDE4 has been found to increase the survival of cultured rat dopaminergic neurons in vitro (Yamashita et al. 1997) and dopamine synthesis in the striatum in vivo (Nishi et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3097, "input_1": "BAK, BAX, and cytochrome c were elevated in the cytosol, consistent with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3098, "input_1": "Ca and Mg\nThe proportion of Ca2c leached in the field was similar to the laboratory results whereas a smaller proportion of Mg2c was leached in the field (Table 1, Stewart et al. 1998c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3099, "input_1": "The Sullivan method uses the prevalence of disability in each age group to divide the number of person-years into years lived with and without disability [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3100, "input_1": "and serotonergic receptors, which are also present on macrophages, belong to the group of receptors inhibiting cell activity [9, 14, 30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3101, "input_1": "Significant correlations between a poor performance on the FCSRT and AD biomarkers have also been shown with regard to medial temporal lobe (Sánchez-Benavides et al., 2014; Sarazin et al., 2010) and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Wagner et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3102, "input_1": "Taken together with evidence that lesioning the MGN results in cell size reduction in male, but not female rodents, these sex-specific effects support a role of neuroendocrine systems in the development of the functional specialization of the brain (Berrebi et al., 1988; Herman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3103, "input_1": "Three metals were independently electrodeposited on two working electrodes through galvanostatic chronopotentiometry as previously described [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3104, "input_1": "These results are supported by previous published data highlighting that the miR-34 family, including miR-34a and miR-34b/c, acts as a tumor suppressor, able to inhibit different human tumor growth and invasion [36–39], including human LSCC [31–34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3105, "input_1": "A comparison between the findings of Krajcarski et al. (1999) and the rested values in the present study revealed similar effects of pre- load and added load on peak trunk flexion and extensor moments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3106, "input_1": "The combination of a red-edge, yellow, and two infrared bands of WV-2 provide additional valuable information for vegetation classification [16–18], which may be particularly useful when spectrally similar components like shrubs and trees need to be separated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3107, "input_1": "Action-based models of selective attention have done a good job of explaining interference effects associated with competing targets (Meegan and Tipper1998,1999) as well as negative priming (Tipper et al.2002) and IOR in a cue-target task (Briand et al.2000; Welsh and Elliott 2004b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3108, "input_1": "Data from many groups also suggest that only the high-affinity receptor mediates the biologic response of the cells to GMCSF (3, 5, 7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3109, "input_1": "AMG was also afforded protection against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats (Mansour et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3110, "input_1": "When vascular invasion is identified in FTCs, there is a prognostic significance based on the number of vessels involved (< 4 or ≥ 4 vascular invasion)[7,11-15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3111, "input_1": "Apoptosis can be distinguished from necrosis by its involvement of endonuclease activation leading to internucleosomal doublestranded chromatin (DNA) breaks and by the absence of the early cell membrane damage characteristic of necrosis (47, 48).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3112, "input_1": "Class annotations were from Swiss-Prot [23,33]; some additional annotations were obtained from literature references for the recently described Nu [24] and Xi [25,26] classes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3113, "input_1": "These were based on the WHO stepwise framework, (Epping-Jordan et al. 2005), and the prioritized research agenda for the prevention and control of NCDs (Mendis and Alwan 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3114, "input_1": "Most of these probably had an endobenthic lifestyle, because their morphology is similar to that of extant taxa under such conditions [Corliss, 1991; Buzas et al., 1993; Jorissen et al., 2007].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3115, "input_1": "Consistent with the results from a recent systematic review [10] of studies into the diagnostic accuracy of the 50-g GCT, the present study demonstrated that the", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3116, "input_1": "HLA class II expression can be induced on cultured thyroid cells by the addition of IFN-gamma, but not by adding IFN-alpha or IL-2 without IFN-gamma (Todd et al., 1985).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3117, "input_1": "In an attempt to quantify the preference of light source coming from above, Curran and Johnston [Curran and Johnston 1996] deployed a shape perception task as a function of the position of the light source.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3118, "input_1": "The methylation of coding sequences does not seem to affect transcription, while the methylation of promoter sequences usually results in promoter inactivation (Sijen et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3119, "input_1": "…the absence of subsequent O1 delivery and S2 to predict the absence of subsequent O2 delivery; that is, stimuli trained in such manner exhibit properties (such as retardation) identical to those display by other conditioned inhibitors (Rescorla, 1969; Maier et al., 1976; Delamater et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3120, "input_1": "A 16S rDNA fragment was amplified by PCR (Hiraishi et al., 1994) using the universal primers 27F (59-AGAGTTTGATCATGGCTCGA-39; positions 8–27 in the Escherichia coli numbering system) and 1492R (59-GGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-39; positions 1510–1492) (Weisburg et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3121, "input_1": "Addition of the calcium ionophore A23187, a compound known to increase the concentration of cytosolic Ca (Reed and Lardy 1972) decreased diosgenin production in T.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3122, "input_1": "One important limitation of serum CA125 is that its levels are not elevated in 50% of women with stage I disease and up to 30% of patients with more advanced disease (Tuxen et al, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3123, "input_1": "For the assimilation of SMOS brightness temperature data, VIC is coupled with the Community Microwave Emission Model (CMEM) [3-5], which allows for simulating the Top Of the Atmosphere (TOA) brightness temperature contributions of the different surface covers at the hydrologic model resolution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3124, "input_1": "have evolved via mutations targeted around their functional domains while the structural residues are constrained and maintain a highly conserved scaffold (Mackessy 2002; Kini 2004; Fry et al. 2006, 2008; Yamazaki and Morita 2007; Doley et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3125, "input_1": "This influx of electrons into the mitochondrial matrix and the efflux of protons to the cytosol maintains mitochondrial membrane potential; however, it results in an increase in the production of ROS, RNS, and edema and makes the mitochondrial matrix an alkaline environment [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–116].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3126, "input_1": "The deep and superficial branches arise from the division of the radial nerve trunk, but the level of division related to the articular line space is not well-known [8, 29, 33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3127, "input_1": "As argued by Demirgüç-Kunt and Huizinga (2004), Total cost of funds is an implicit interest rate on BHC liabilities, which is inferred from its financial statements.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3128, "input_1": "Eastern rainbowfish exposed to low pH in hard and soft water displayed signs of increased respiratory stress at pH o5 (Holland et al., 2014a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3129, "input_1": "After a wash in lowCa 2 Tyrode’s solution with ADVASEP-7 to remove any cell surface label, the amount of dye loss from the loaded vesicles was assessed by stimulating the endplates with 1 s trains of either 10 or 100 Hz, with 1 s alternating periods of rest, a pattern that approximates the way in which these junctions would be activated in vivo (Gorassini et al., 2000) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3130, "input_1": "The leader appears to promote transcription towards the repeats (Brouns et al., 2008; Hale et al., 2008; Lillestøl et al., 2006, 2009; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), generating the RNAs that constitute the molecular base of the interference action (Brouns et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3131, "input_1": "Some have interpreted this as evidence for the “obligatory processing of all of the features of an object, even when instructions direct the observer to focus on only a single part” (Gauthier & Tarr, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3132, "input_1": "This result is in agreement with previous studies working on carotenoid contents in macroalgae (Hanelt et al. 1997; Schofield et al. 1998; Harker et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3133, "input_1": "Acting via specific receptors, serotonin inhibits the activity of immune cells, including macrophages [14, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3134, "input_1": "one stage of the life cycle may impact upon subsequent life history parameters (Post et al. 1997), whilst the inXuence of climate on multiple demographic parameters in the same species has rarely been studied in any taxon (Sillett et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3135, "input_1": "During an infection with another alphaherpesvirus, HSV-1, in mice, it has been reported that CCL3 attracts NK cells [16], CCL2 recruits monocytes [17], and CCL5 recruits monocytes, NK cells, and PMNs [18] while CXCL9 recruits T-cells to the sites of infection [16, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3136, "input_1": "Moreover, divergent transcription, defined by detection of populations of low abundance small RNAs (19–25 nts) generated by nonoverlapping (separated by approximately 250 bps) bidirectional transcription, was detected at the majority of transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) (5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3137, "input_1": "which is exactly the cost function that leads to the nonlinear LPM-ICA algorithm (or particularly the LPM-ICA algorithm at the special case f ðrÞ 1⁄4 r) (Xu, Yang, & Amari, 1996; Xu, 1998b; Xu et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3138, "input_1": "To have different scales, 3000 texture samples each of 64x64, 128x128, 256x256, and 384x384 are randomly generated and resized to 256x256,[16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3139, "input_1": "For example, although Vieira et al. (2006) listed most mites in mixed habitat associations, we found that 12 mite taxa showed clear pool versus riffle affinities, contributing to our knowledge of the habitat associations of this group. Similarly, 13 of the opposite discrepancies between our results and the Merritt et al. (2008) scheme were for Chironomidae taxa and a perusal of the Merritt et al. (2008) references for chironomid designations indicated that assignments were often based on considerations of general group", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3140, "input_1": "For example, many studies found that there are decreasedMPFC and increased PCC functional connectivities in TLE.([13,14]) However, some researchers have found decreased DMN connectivities in PCC, anterior frontal, and parietal regions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3141, "input_1": "Therefore, one manifestation of the BRCA1–TONSL genetic interaction may well operate at sites of UV-induced damage, where both proteins are normally engaged in complex DNA damage responses (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010; Pathania et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3142, "input_1": "The OT dosage used in this study is 4 IU lower than the dose used in other studies demonstrating significant effects of OT on psychological variables (Kosfeld et al., 2005; Guastella et al., 2009; Ditzen et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3143, "input_1": "Although themajority of studies have shown that dot probe bias scores have very low reliability, the results of Bar-Haim et al. (2010) and Enock et al. (2014) are promising in that they provide empirical evidence that dot probe scores can be somewhat more reliable in certain contexts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3144, "input_1": "Patients with PD and elderly fallers walk more slowly when asked to perform a cognitive task simultaneously, with a reduced swing time and with an increased stride variability (Bond and Morris 2000; O’Shea et al. 2002; Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3145, "input_1": "Rainfall estimates (RFE) at 0.1 degree (about 10 x 11 km) resolution were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Famine Early Warning System (FEWS) Rainfall Estimates South Asia, version 2.0 (see; http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/fews/SASIA/rfe.shtml).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3146, "input_1": "osmotic stress arising from irrigation with salt solutions contributed to observed patterns of plant mortality (Maas 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3147, "input_1": "For the STN, we used the published data of Nakanishi et al. (1987), which have been previously used by Gillies and Willshaw (2004) to constrain a similar sigmoid function as per (6), which reproduces the firing properties of the STN neurons.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3148, "input_1": "Overexpression of AVP1 conferred drought- and salt-tolerance in the transgenic plants (Gaxiola et al. 2001; Park et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3149, "input_1": "Furthermore, it has been shown that a minimum of 200–300 amino acids from the C-terminal of HrpZ from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (HrpZPph) are required for the induction of HR (Lee et al. 2001a) implying that several functional domains exist in HrpZPph (Lee et al. 2001b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3150, "input_1": "These data are different from those reported by Nir et al. (1994b), who showed a negative relationship between particle size and pH, as particle size decreased there was an increase in gastric pH.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3151, "input_1": "For example, while the ISO 24617-2 (Bunt et al., 2012) would tag ‘What?’ as AutoNegative thus capturing that the speaker is signaling non-understanding, we instead focus on what reaction the speaker expects to trigger in the listener by tagging this as a request to repeat.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3152, "input_1": "Some of these configurations are: 3D simulated catalytic gauze, e.g., (Rinnemo et al., 1997), (Quiceno et al., 2006), 1D simulated catalytic foam, e.g., (Horn et al., 2007), (Dalle Nogare et al., 2011), (Korup et al., 2013), 3D simulated channel with catalytic walls, e.g., (Sa et al., 2010),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3153, "input_1": "It is natural to study the swelling and shrinking of catalyzed bulk pNIPAm gels at first because of the relatively simple gelation process and the convenient methods of observation such as microscopy[78, 79].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3154, "input_1": "Cohorts of tg mice expressing mutated G37R-hSOD1 were bred and identified by genotyping of tail DNA as described (Martin et al., 2007, 2009; Wong and Martin, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3155, "input_1": "In another method loosely inspired from ants, Parunak et al. (2005) and Sauter et al. (2005) have robots search for targets by coordinating their actions through a map containing virtual chemicals (pheromone).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3156, "input_1": "2005) and it is also considered a primary pathogen that can affect as much as 70% of the foliage of susceptible trees (Whyte et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3157, "input_1": "In order to provide some reassurance about the validity and non-randomness of the obtained results, we present the results of statistical tests by following the approach proposed by Demšar [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3158, "input_1": "According to Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews, all of these three drugs are efficacious for mild to moderate AD (Birks 2006) though the symptomatic relief provided byAChE inhibition therapy is weak (Lleó et al. 2006) and fails to reverse disease progression (so-called disease-modifying effect).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3159, "input_1": "clutches of eggs and continues as crabs cycle through successive clutches (Hench et al. 2004; Forward et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3160, "input_1": "Only two other studies have recorded such decreases following training, and these were of longer duration (12 24 weeks), consisted of less subjects (6 and 13) and conducted pre-HAART (MacArthur et al., 1993; Rigsby et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3161, "input_1": "Our results are not consistent with the taxonomic proposals of Klein (2004) and Delforge (2009), even with the former proposal of Tyteca and Klein (2008), although these authors (Tyteca and Klein 2009) accepted the enlarged genus Anacamptis sensu Bateman et al. (2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3162, "input_1": "Safe-detection algorithms exploit onemain idea: a deadlock is an invariant property of the system [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3163, "input_1": "5E), a further indication that these cells can be considered M cells based on previous M-cell characterization studies (44).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3164, "input_1": "In our previous study, we found that RAG-mediated nicking and cleavage of oligonucleotide substrates containing cRSSs identified from lymphoid malignancies were either unchanged or slightly reduced in the presence of HMGB1 for most cRSSs tested (including LMO2, TAL1, Hox11, SIL, SCL), except Ttg-1 [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3165, "input_1": "…(germline mutations) of many of the individual HDACs occurred to be lethal, either during embryonic or very early postnatal development with deleterious effects on distinct tissues or cellular processes recognized as the proximal cause of death (Lagger et al., 2002; Haberland et al., 2009a,b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3166, "input_1": "Contour-Induced Multiple Modulatory Effects in V1 and V2 Previous V1 studies have shown that global visual contours within a cluttered background induce two complementary modulatory effects (Chen et al., 2014; Gilad et al., 2013; Yan et al., 2014): enhancing responses of neurons with RFs lying on the contour (referred to as the contour facilitation) and suppressing neurons with RFs in the background (referred to as the background inhibition).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3167, "input_1": "…in the time constant of fundamental phase VO2 “off-kinetics” at moderate vs. heavy exercise intensities (Krustrup et al. 2009; Ozyener et al. 2001; rossiter et al. 2002) whereas studies that measured EPOc magnitude and duration to the point at which resting metabolism was restored found that…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3168, "input_1": "Environmental proteomics is beginning to reveal expressed functions within these communities (Ram et al., 2005) and to document functionally important strain variation (Lo et al., 2007; Denef et al., 2009; 2010b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3169, "input_1": "Measurement of central BP appears to offer advantages over brachial BP for risk stratification [4,6] and assessment of therapeutic efficacy [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3170, "input_1": "Gene expression For quantification of mRNA expression in murine samples, cells/tissues were homogenized in TRIzol (Invitrogen), and RNA was extracted and cDNA was generated and quantified as previously described (91) using a Light Cycler 480 II (Roche).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3171, "input_1": "Preoperative radiographs were evaluated to determine the Paprosky score (18) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) score (4) to classify the acetabular defects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3172, "input_1": "In alternans, Cai and Vm are coupled either positively (large Cai transient prolongs APD of the same beat) or negatively (large Cai transient shortens APD of the same beat) (Kennedy et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3173, "input_1": "The number of functional groups was calculated from the integration ratios of the protons of the functional groups to the protons of the internal standard according to Pan et al. (2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3174, "input_1": "Compared with the results of Bruyère et al., the results of the present study show similar scores for the WOMAC pain and stiffness subscales.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3175, "input_1": "…locations (Benke et al. 1999; Billinton et al. 1999; Bischoff et al. 1999;\nChapter 1 33 _________________________________________________________________________________\nKaupmann et al. 1998b; Liang et al. 2000; Poorkhalkali et al. 2000; Princivalle et al. 2000;\nTowers et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3176, "input_1": "They were performed in different countries (Gambia [24], Iraq [21], UK [25], Lebanon [26], Turkey [27,28,29,34], Iran [30,32,33,35], and UAE [31]) (Table 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3177, "input_1": "The ratio of mtDNA/NUMTs did not change with development from the base of the stalk to the leaf tip in dark-grown, light-grown, and dark-to-light-transferred seedlings, similar to our findings for maize ptDNA (Zheng et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3178, "input_1": "Metacyclic trypomastigotes were obtained by incubating epimastigotes in triatomine artificial urine (TAU) medium as described previously (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3179, "input_1": "The results are similar to two European studies that identified both selection and influence as significant in alcohol use similarities among adolescent friends [17,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3180, "input_1": "which can be viewed as an apparently new property of the q-hyperbinary sequence (with q = z) studied in [1] and [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3181, "input_1": "The second system, the emergency department syndromic surveillance system (EDSSS), monitors the daily numbers of attendances in a network of sentinel emergency departments across England [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3182, "input_1": "ALI risk factors before transfusion: Severity of illness was determined by calculating Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III scores (24) before transfusion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3183, "input_1": "Two methods (based on Local Binary Patterns), which were previously reported as competitive in automated diagnosis of CD [11] were utilized in addition to state-of-the-art global mid-level image representations which are obtained by pooling local image descriptors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3184, "input_1": "The level of contamination and the chance of transmission of microorganisms imposed on paper currencies and coins are often associated with the economic status of a country and the levels of community hygiene [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3185, "input_1": "…from government and industry publications suggest that ongoing price reductions were not fully anticipated, even by industry insiders.26 Finally, Gillingham and Tsvetanov (2017) provide support for their assumption of static demand using data on purchases and a consumer survey in the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3186, "input_1": "As bigram frequency and memorability have been studied in existing works [23, 31], we focus on phrase sets with different word clarity (see Figure 4 and Figure 5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3187, "input_1": "Data evaluating the effect of resident level on postoperative outcomes are limited and conflicting and have not been previously assessed in a pediatric patient population.(9,13) The purpose of this study was to determine if the postgraduate level of the intraoperatively involved resident correlates with operative outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for appendicitis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3188, "input_1": "In addition, [5] and [6] executed the researches about XACML, access control language which can be managed in XML documents.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3189, "input_1": "These compounds have been shown to have potential as anti-carcinogens and anti-inflammatory agents (Pan et al., 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3190, "input_1": "…different disturbance regime attributes such as duration (Roxburgh et al. 2004), timing (Miller et al.\n2012b), spatial and temporal autocorrelation (Elkin and Possingham 2008; Garrison et al. 2012), disturbance type, spatial extent, frequency, and severity (Shea et al. 2004; Miller et al. 2012a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3191, "input_1": "Subsequent to IGF binding in colonocyte receptors, a number of actions may be prompted that favor tumor growth such as inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of cell proliferation, and angiogenesis [1, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3192, "input_1": "In addition, previous evidence indicated that higher expression of SIRT1 upregulated antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, downregulated proapoptotic protein Bax, then increases cell viability in ischemia-reperfused myocardium [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3193, "input_1": "A common characteristic of HFpEF observed in our model is a reduction in cardiac reserve (Tan et al. 2009; Norman et al. 2011; Marshall et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3194, "input_1": "Similar mechanisms are found during neuronal subtype development in the Drosophila ventral nerve cord [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3195, "input_1": "Free-field stimuli were simulated by filtering signals through head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) measured in one cat by Musicant et al. (1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3196, "input_1": "Several papers have found that past subsidies significantly expanded demand for solar systems (Hughes and Podolefsky, 2015; Burr, 2016; De Groote and Verboven, 2016; Gillingham and Tsvetanov, 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3197, "input_1": "…without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited.\nculturally dominant processing style (holistic or analytic thinking) (Nisbett et al., 2001), thinking styles can be viewed as a within-culture individual difference or can vary by the specific situation (e.g., Choi et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3198, "input_1": "…carriage rate was 4.4%, which is in close agreement with that reported by Hisata et al. (2005), accounting for 2.3% more than the values mentioned in the study carried out by Torano et al. (2001) in La Habana, Cuba, 3.1% more than those of a study conducted in Brazil (Cardoso-Lamaro et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3199, "input_1": "For power calculation in the linear regression analysis, we considered the magnitude of the gene-environment interaction, and according to Luan et al [50] an interaction was considered to be relevant in magnitude when the ratio of the two regression slopes [B1 for the genetic variable as additive in the first versus the second (B2) stratum was at least 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3200, "input_1": "…in the natal burrow (Hare & Murie 1996) and only littermate kin appear to act as ‘genial neighbours’ providing direct and indirect fitness benefits (Viblanc et al. 2010; Dobson et al. 2012).\ndata analyses\nTo investigate the effects of individual kin on energy allocation strategies and fitness,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3201, "input_1": "[4] have recently proposed a scheme for an entanglement amplifier based on a nondegenerate three-level laser when the three-level atoms are injected at the lower level and the top and bottom levels are coupled by a strong coherent light.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3202, "input_1": "maticity, refractoriness and conduction of the heart are conserved between zebrafish and humans [44, 46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3203, "input_1": "Specifically, our findings confirm the study hypothesis that a high tendency to forgive is associated with a reduction in PTSD symptoms, as demonstrated in previous findings (Heinze and Snyder 2001; Kaminer et al. 2001; Witvliet et al. 2004; Friedberg et al. 2005; Snyder and Heinze 2005; Hamama-Raz et al. 2008; Weinberg et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3204, "input_1": "Several studies retrospectively examine underage entry of females into the sex trade (Cobbina & Oselin, 2011; Goldenberg et al., 2014), but few neither include actively underage sex workers nor examine their social and structural HIV risks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3205, "input_1": "Integrate the spectral and spatial information with the time component provides rich information to detail the space variations along the time [Petitjean et al., 2012] and can provide pattern observations, which are not found in single time observations, such as trends and periodicities [Kuenzer…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3206, "input_1": "But, solutions to semantic problems are scarce and either require domain knowledge [24, 18, 4, 19] or provide a specific technique [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3207, "input_1": "Analysis of variance for repeated measurements (ANOVA) was performed to assess the significance of differences in means between and within the groups and post-hoc analysis with the\nTukey method was performed if any position effects and ⁄ or position-group interactions proved significant by ANOVA [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3208, "input_1": "Our results provide guidance to clinicians and patients as they demonstrate that the changes in bleeding and/or spotting days observed following insertion of the LNG-IUS in women with HMB follows a similar pattern to that observed in women using the intrauterine system for contraception [1,4,5,21], except that women with HMB may have more B/S days over the first year of use (see below).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3209, "input_1": "By contrast, the spider monkey has been described as a fruit specialist (Di Fiore et al. 2008; González-Zamora et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3210, "input_1": "Although, this sophisticated defence system is weakened with advancing age and even in the absence of overt lung disease [26–31], the intrathoracic dwell time of influenza viruses is increased [29, 32] facilitating any transepithelial migration of the viral particles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3211, "input_1": "…used routinely to survey for squid of commercial interest (Jefferts et al. 1987, Goss et al. 2001), but it has been debated whether toothed whales are able to detect squid (Fristrup & Harbison 2002) using echolocation clicks of shorter duration and broader bandwidth (Au 1993, Madsen et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3212, "input_1": "The recommended medium for HUES-7 is HUES-C (see Table 1; Cowan et al., 2004), which differs significantly from BG-SK medium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3213, "input_1": "Invasive species that cause extinction of native species will ultimately reduce local and global species diversity (Vitousek et al. 1996; Mooney & Cleland 2001; Collins et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3214, "input_1": "To control for spatial attention modulation that could be synchronous with stimulus presentation, we required the subjects to perform a visual task superimposed on the fixation square during the entire duration of the scan (Beauchamp et al., 1997; Kastner et al., 1998; Somers et al., 1999; Tootell et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3215, "input_1": "as D90HR CTV (the dose covering 90% of the highrisk clinical target volume) for tumors and D2cc (the minimum dose in the 2cc most irradiated tissue volume) for OAR, have been demonstrated to be predictive of the tumor control probability and occurrence of LSE for OAR [1, 2, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3216, "input_1": "Furthermore, GFP-ATG16L1 precipitated mCherryTMEM74 and endogenous TMEM74 (Figure 2e), conversely, GFP-ATG16(1-320) failed to bindmCherry-TMEM74 (Figure 2f), suggesting that the WD repeats domain of ATG16L1 was required for the interaction with TMEM74.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3217, "input_1": "The position of the inserted PE tube was adjusted such that flow-limitation was reflected in the measured Pn [3, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3218, "input_1": "The isolation procedure was performed\n according to the methods used by Xue et al. (2013) [10] and Wang et al. (2015) [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3219, "input_1": "N-cadherin was isolated as described (Bixby and Zhang, 1990), and SDS-PAGE protocols have been described (Bixby and Reichardt, 1985).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3220, "input_1": "DNA damage resulting from TNP induced oxidative stress leads to the activation of p53[2-5,29,44,53,54], which triggers cell cycle arrest to prevent proliferation of cells with damaged DNA and ensure genomic stability[55].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3221, "input_1": "We model the breeding attempt as a two-step sequential game, following Smith and Härdling (2000) and Savage et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3222, "input_1": "The SR by Bhutta et al (13) was ruled out because it included studies up to 1999, and of the 3 remaining SRs, the 2 most recent were more comprehensive, and of both, the Cochrane\n JPGN Volume 60, Number 4, April 2015\n authorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.\n publication by Lazzerini and Ronfani (14) was chosen because it used GRADE methodology to evaluate the outcome of interest,\n cute diarrhea.\n www.jpgn.org\n Co\n provided more information about the 6 pooled studies for this outcome, and provided as well a more exhaustive assessment of heterogeneity (which was not so high, I2 index 35", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3223, "input_1": "CD47 is expressed widely in both hematopoietic cells, including three subtypes of cDCs (Supplemental Figure S3), and nonhematopoietic cells, however.(20,24) We therefore next For personal use only.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3224, "input_1": "2\nIn addition to these spatio-temporal and socio-demographic dynamics, work in GDTs is also\naffected by teams’ geographic configuration, which O’Leary and Cummings (2007) define as the number of geographically dispersed sites and the relative number of team members at those sites, independent of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3225, "input_1": "…of the HD-Zip I and II families function as developmental regulators, specifically being involved in regulation of developmental adaptation to environmental stress conditions (e.g. Meijer et al. 1997; Lee and Chun 1998; Scarpella et al. 2000, 2002; Manavella et al. 2006; Komatsuda et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3226, "input_1": "Others (Zigler and Lessios 2003; McCartney and Lessios 2004; Lessios 2007) have suggested that the pattern is more likely the product of what Templeton (1981) and Noor (1999) have called ‘‘differential fusion,’’ that is, the higher probability that species with differentiated reproductive…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3227, "input_1": "Also, genes involved in PS II and the light harvesting complex were down-regulated by mild drought at the DZ and TZ1, which is in line with the observation that drought stress results in damage to PS II and photochemistry in mature leaves (Lu and Zhang, 1999; Sperdouli and Moustakas, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3228, "input_1": "The erythropoietic growth factors affect the progenitors in all these locations [3], and many procedures have been undertaken to reproduce the erythroid maturation in vitro including initial selection of the CD34+ cells [7–11], adherence depletion [1,3,12,13] and phased culturing [6,12,14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3229, "input_1": "Model calculations overpredicted the OH concentrations (Mao et al., 2009), particularly at altitudes less than 2 km, but found the overprediction to correlate with HCHO concentrations, indicating missing reactive VOCs in the model (Mao et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3230, "input_1": "Transcripts containing the four noncoding exons are expressed in multiple regions of the mouse brain and nervous system, indicating that they do not determine distinct expression domains (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3231, "input_1": "…extends previous work that has shown that certain aspects of gait may depend on cognitive function and attention (Springer et al. 2006; Woollacott and Shumway-Cook 2002; Yogev et al. 2005; Bloem et al. 2001; Morris et al. 1996; Auriel et al. 2006; Van Wegen et al. 2006; Verghese et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3232, "input_1": "…between output and input, CNF achieves almost 10% relative improvement over CRF. CNF also outperforms other methods including SVMpro (Hua and Sun, 2001), SVMpsi (Kim and Park, 2003), YASSPP (Karypis, 2006), PSIPRED (Jones, 1999), SPINE (Dor and Zhou, 2007) and TreeCRFpsi (Dietterich et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3233, "input_1": "This is consistent with the former research result that NSPEs reduce the amount of pathological bacteria within the small intestine by lowering the viscosity of intestinal digesta [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3234, "input_1": "we take one real DHT system Kad [1] as a case for study, which is the first widely-deployed Kademlia-based [17] DHT file-sharing system.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3235, "input_1": "Simulations of the beam-type specimens (Chen, 2001; Peters et al., 2002) were able to capture the stresses measured in the experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3236, "input_1": "(7) investigated BNP for the diagnosis of acute lung injury in a different cohort of intensive care patients, those having acute pulmonary edema.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3237, "input_1": "Previous studies described that ectopic miR-99a expression slowed keratinocyte growth and liver cancer cell growth by blocking the cell cycle at the G1/S transition [10,29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3238, "input_1": "The composite maps were generated through further development of previously reported navigation [Kinsey and Whitcomb, 2004] and sonar processing routines [Ballard et al., 2000; Whitcomb et al., 2000; Singh et al., 2000], and are nested within the existing ABE bathymetry data collected at 9 500N [Yoerger et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3239, "input_1": "We incorporated HF remodeling of the electromechanical tissue properties in the MRI-based geometric model of failing canine ventricles, as previously described (9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3240, "input_1": "Although extensive research have been carried out on testing the ISSM [16–19], little study [6] exists which explores the success of ePortfolios by leveraging ISSM as a theoretical underpinning.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3241, "input_1": "A closely related analogue of CGP78850, CGP85793, prevented sperm capacitation and increase in P-Tyr (de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002), again emphasizing the difference in the regulation between this process and AR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3242, "input_1": "Our data also showed that lesions in the head and neck region responded better to PDL therapy than in other regions; similar results were reported by several studies [16, 24–28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3243, "input_1": "However, we did not observe any association of maternal free thyroxine with child neurodevelopmental outcomes, agreeing with the Project Viva results (11) but not with those of other studies (8–10, 43).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3244, "input_1": "was coined to synthesize how humanoid robots and computational neuroscience could contribute to progresses in naturalizing human psychology and the underlying neurophysiology (Asada et al., 2001; Brooks, 1997; Cheng et al., 2007; Kawato, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3245, "input_1": "The method Gordian [30] has been the most successful analytic placer that can handle large design instances [30, 34, 15, 60, 43, 32, 2, 63].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3246, "input_1": ", 2006), and there are many examples of studies examining the adoption of mobile technology and mobile services (Balocco et al., 2009; Kim and Garrison, 2009; Liang et al., 2007), to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to combine these two perspectives in an attempt to understand how sales forces adopt mobile technology for the purposes of accessing CRM systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3247, "input_1": ", 2005) and the two remaining studies were pseudo-randomized controlled studies (Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011); these last two studies were randomized based on the waiting list for the operative theatre.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3248, "input_1": "cells expressed CD7 in coculture with OP9 stroma cells in the absence of IL-7 and in the presence of IL-15 conditioning [(2) NL/(2)IL-7(+)IL-15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3249, "input_1": "The transfection method using adenovirus conjugated to poly-L-lysine and the techniques used to expose cells to laminar shear stress with the use of a parallel-plate shear chamber and flow loop have been described elsewhere (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3250, "input_1": "…plays a minimal role, because IFN-γ is unable to induce its nuclear translocation (Blanchette et al., 2003; Shenet al., 2005); others indicate that, byactivating Jak/STATindependent pathways, IFN-γ induces the nuclear translocation of both NF-κB and IRF-1 (Kim et al., 2004; Park et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3251, "input_1": "Our classification of comorbidities was also dependent on coded data, which may have inaccuracies but is unlikely to be differentially distributed between RA and non-RA cases, and therefore unlikely to introduce systematic bias into the results [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3252, "input_1": "Next, the tumor area in the patient can either be delineated manually or using classification methods on multi-modal magnetic resonance (MR) images as shown in (199).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3253, "input_1": "Whether Arctic clouds have a net warming or cooling effect depends on the time of year and location (Garrett et al., 2002; Garrett and Zhao, 2006; Lubin and Vogelmann, 2007; Sedlar et al., 2010; Shupe and Intrieri, 2004; Tjernström, 2005; Wang and Key, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3254, "input_1": "9: Mobivisit project, Screenshots of the mobile museum guide, Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon (Damala et al., 2005)\n-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3255, "input_1": "Group 3: mice were anesthetized in a Plexiglas chamber with 3% isoflurane in air for 25 min (after the desired concentration was reached) twice daily, as described previously (12); 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3256, "input_1": "The reciprocating single file systems such as Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne (Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) provides more flexibility of the M‐wire Ni‐Ti alloy, greater resistance to cyclic fatigue and better handling of narrow and curved canals than the traditional Ni‐Ti instruments and they are widely used in endodontic treatment.[17,18] These file systems use reciprocating movements in the preparation of root canals.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3257, "input_1": "Because of the inherent lack of scalability in floodbased schemes, researchers have looked at several hierarchical and structured approaches [12][11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3258, "input_1": "A large number of possible routes can exist between any two compounds, particularly those that feature in multiple pathways, and so tools such as KEGG PathComp [6] have been created to automatically perform these searches quickly and efficiently.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3259, "input_1": "It has been reported that NF-κB activation can induce expression of Bcl-2 protein, thereby inhibit apoptosis.((33)) However, our results documented that HQH could attenuate adriamycin-induced cellular apoptosis, while NF-κB signaling was inhibited.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3260, "input_1": "[24,25] However, planar I-131 imaging has traditionally suffered from low resolution, and a paucity of anatomic information along with a long list of physiologic variants makes image interpretation challenging.[26] Therefore, it is assumed that the reason why functioning ETT in TGDR has been underestimated in patients with DTC is mainly due to the poor image quality of an I‐131 scan.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3261, "input_1": "Treatment with the general myosin inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) (Radford and White, 2011) reduced the number of flg22-induced FLS2-GFP endosomes by ;80% compared\nwith the control.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3262, "input_1": "IFN-alpha as a biological response modiWer showed modest activity against NMIBC [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3263, "input_1": "The development and test sets are from WMT 2006 shared task.1 The evaluation metric is case-insensitive BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) as calculated by the multi-bleu.perl script.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3264, "input_1": "Disadvantages include those described above for DNA (if this is the PCR target, although disadvantage d would not apply) or RNA (if reversetranscriptase PCR is used), plus the unknown yet potentially variable amplification efficiencies of different target sequences (Suzuki & Giovannoni, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3265, "input_1": "For example, personality disorders have been reported to be significant predictors of low scores across a range of subscales on the SF-12 [8], including mental health, social functioning and role impairment due to emotional problems [9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3266, "input_1": "The novel speckle correlation analysis method is proposed for evaluating the degree of coherence (DOC), by modifying the previously proposed theory [8] and adapting it to the standard phase modulator configuration.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3267, "input_1": "CYLD was catalytically deficient when tested with TRAF2/ 6 as substrates (4); and consistently, it increased IkBaphosphorylation and NF-kB gene reporter function (Supplementary Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3268, "input_1": "(Unfortunately, many later references to Trivers (1971) do not clearly distinguish reciprocal helping from cooperation in the narrow sense and from exchange among not particularly needy individuals.)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3269, "input_1": "…(Aldehni et al., 2003), glnN displays an imperfect NtcAbinding motif and a negatively acting cis-element in the upstream region of its promoter (Aldehni & Forchhammer, 2006), and nblA has a complex regulatory region containing multiple promoters: under nitrogen deprivation, its major promoter…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3270, "input_1": "also reported that IL-6 caused growth impairment through a decrease in IGF-1 in IL-6 transgenic mice under the control of neurospecific enolase promoter (46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3271, "input_1": "Instead of using the single fuzzless locus mutant developed mapping populations (Rong et al. 2005, 2007; Zhang et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2006; Wan et al. 2007), the common female parent line of the two F2 populations we developed combined at least two fuzzless loci (N1 and n2, and probably n3)…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3272, "input_1": "For example, studies of genetic correlations in Drosophila frequently report positive correlations among most traits measured (Cowley and Atchley 1990; Wilkinson et al. 1990; Norry et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3273, "input_1": "Hearing loss and tinnitus have been linked, both pathophysiologically (Eggermont and Roberts, 2004; Jastreboff, 1990) and clinically (De Ridder et al., 2015a; Norena et al., 2002; Schecklmann et al., 2012b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3274, "input_1": "Renal transplants in these pairs were performed as previously described.(17) All recipients received induction with 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3275, "input_1": "On contrary to our results, Huang et al. (2006) studied 150 Chinese patients with SLE and 130 unrelated healthy individuals living in central Taiwan as control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in IL-6 and IL-8 gene polymorphisms between the SLE and control groups (p=0.53 and p=0.44, respectively). In addition, there was no significant association between the two groups in allelic frequency of IL-6 and IL-8 (p=0.89 and p=0.26, respectively). Also, Schotte et al. (2001) studied a population-based case–control study of 211 Caucasian German SLE patients and did not reveal any significant association of IL-6 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to SLE.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3276, "input_1": "Up to now, no role for FGF signaling in aVE induction has been described, however, Fgf8b was found to be important for the correct positioning of the aVE (Guo and Li, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3277, "input_1": "Our observations are compatible with those of Verdijk et al, who expressed an N-terminal cytoplasmic GFP-tagged Langerin mutant in human fibroblastic cells [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3278, "input_1": "The occurrence of burst suppression in this study contrasts with EEG studies in humans, rats and horses in which no burst suppression was reported over the range 0.6–1.75 MAC halothane (Johnson et al. 1994; Thomsen & Prior 1996; Johnson & Taylor 1998; Antunes et al. 2003; Murrell et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3279, "input_1": "The 21 RCTs [15-35] and 42 observational studies [36-77] (33 cohort, nine case-control) were included in the analysis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3280, "input_1": "The method takes advantage of the reaction of GSH with o-phthalaldehyde at pH 8.0 and of GSSG with o-phthalaldehyde at pH 12.0; GSH can be complexed to N-ethylmaleimide to prevent interference of GSH with the measurement of GSSG (17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3281, "input_1": "We also reported that the corresponding lysine residue of T. thermophilus acyl-CoA synthetase was propionylated (Okanishi et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3282, "input_1": "For example, analysis of data for 36, 424 older people in four developed countries found frailty index values to be closely comparable across countries, increasing with age at approximately 3% per year in community-dwellers and correlating highly with mortality [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3283, "input_1": "Evidence for this specific role of piRNAs comes from the studies in y [5-7], zebrafish [8,9] and mouse [10-13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3284, "input_1": "The use of trifluoroacetic anhydride as a promoter for esterification of a variety of O-acylated chitin derivatives is also noted [5,6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3285, "input_1": "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK 12/3), p38 kinase, and ERK5 are the four alternative MAPKs activated by distinct stimuli [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3286, "input_1": "These results are contrary to the long-held belief\n that monarch butterflies were most vulnerable to distur-\n bance on the wintering grounds since they congregate in a\n small area at high densities (Brower et al. 2002, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3287, "input_1": "Surprisingly, only quite recently a suitable security model for proxy signatures has been introduced [4], and adopted to multi-level and identity-based proxy signature schemes later on [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3288, "input_1": "Competition of BaP and BeP with [3H]2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ([3H]TCDD) for binding to a trout AHR2αwasmeasured by velocity sedimentation in sucrose gradients in a vertical tube rotor (Tsui and Okey, 1981) as described earlier (Billiard et al., 2002; Karchner et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3289, "input_1": "As in past research (McBride et al. 2003), responses for girls’ menarche were coded (1 = no; 4 = yes) to create a scale comparable to other items and a mean score across all five items was computed for both girls, α=0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3290, "input_1": "…and new\nFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org December 2014 | Volume 8 | Article 433 | 5\nideas regarding cell degeneration in ALS including, intracellular calcium dysregulation, mitochondria, oxidative stress, and possibly excitotoxicity (Martin, 2010a,b; Reddy and Reddy, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3291, "input_1": "We report results compared to [23] and test-time dropout, as those were the best competitors from Section 4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3292, "input_1": "…the source and target domains that makes the target sentence easier to process: When people are already thinking of a lawyer as a boxer, they can process a target sentence that extends this metaphor more quickly (Bowdle & Gentner, 2005; Gibbs, 2011; Giora, 2003; Thibodeau & Durgin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3293, "input_1": "Furthermore, although unconditional or speedy and persistent helping may be the most effective in providing benefits to vulnerable or needy others, this behavior may have to be tempered by distrustful or punishing tendencies in order to establish stable patterns of reciprocity (Trivers 1971).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3294, "input_1": "Tg2576 transgenic mice suffer from memory deficits accompanied by β-amyloid plaques that increase with disease progression [5–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3295, "input_1": "The pig is increasingly used to study neurobehavioral dysfunction because of multiple advantageous characteristics such as its size and brain development [40].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3296, "input_1": "were those whose proportions in serum or skeletal muscle lipid esters have been shown to be related to variations in insulin sensitivity (16:0, 16:1, 18:2 n-6, 20:3 n-6, 20:4 n-6 and SFA) (Salomaa et al., 1990; Borkman et al., 1993; Vessby et al., 1994, 2002; Pan et al., 1995; Lovejoy et al., 2001; Pelikanova et al., 2001; Vessby, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3297, "input_1": "The study population size was calculated considering a proportion of 53% of patients with a cardiovascular SOFA score of 3 or 4 at H24 in the control group, as previously reported (12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3298, "input_1": "We compared the activity of this construct with those of wild-type Tx NS1 and PR(1-80)Tx(81-230) in the Mx1 and SV40 promoter-driven reporter assays and found a reversal of the inhibitory activity, very similar to the effect of Tx(CPSFmut) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3299, "input_1": "…August 14, 2015 10 / 21\nproxies may have difficulty evaluating the impact of conditions on dimensions of health such as pain and emotion; Tilford et al. (2005) [79] called for more research to be conducted on calculation methods for young child when discussing the issues surrounding the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3300, "input_1": "There has been some work done in resolving adequacy problems associated with generation system planning [4-6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3301, "input_1": "In (Premebida et al 2015), and in accordance with the experiments carried out in (Ullah et al 2008), exhaustive experimental results were reported for different conditions of illumination and portions (“A” and “B”), and separately for STD and EXT sequences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3302, "input_1": "For the RNA-Seq data set the fitting parameters are p = 0.47 and\nPLOSGenetics | DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005613 October 23, 2015 18 / 23\ns = 0.16, and for the RPF data set are p = 0.58 and s = 0.15.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3303, "input_1": "A similar observation was reported previously by others [14,15] who compared atypical ductal hyperplasia, DCIS and IDC and showed high degrees of similarity at the level of gene expression between these pathological stages.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3304, "input_1": "investing in proportionally longer reproductive tracts, resulting in positive allometry, could potentially function to enable the female greater control over fertilization under sperm competition (Birkhead 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3305, "input_1": "Krajcarski et al (1999) and Chiang (in press) have provided a greater understanding of the active muscular response that is responsible for maintaining stability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3306, "input_1": "Each locus was amplified using sequence-specific primers tagged with an M13 tail and a fluorescently labelled M13 primer (Schuelke 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3307, "input_1": "The PSF for an USVA imaging system can be definded as the normalized acoustic emission produced by a unit point-target in response to the modulated radiation force [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3308, "input_1": "…effects of reinforcers and punishers using concurrent-schedule and signal-detection procedures has found stronger support for a subtractive model over an additive model (Critchfield, Paletz, MacAleese, & Newland, 2003; de Villiers, 1980; Farley, 1980; Farley & Fantino, 1978; Lie & Alsop, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3309, "input_1": "Mitochondrial mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Wong et al., 1995; Bendotti et al., 2001; Beal, 2005; Martin, 2010a; Reddy and Reddy, 2011; Muyderman and Chen, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3310, "input_1": "The receptor for advanced glycation end products—RAGE— is a multi-ligand molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (Neeper et al. 1992; Schmidt et al. 1992, 1994; Thornalley 1998; Baynes 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3311, "input_1": "In children with the refluxing ileal conduit acute pyelonephritis was observed in 16–22% [5, 6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3312, "input_1": "…breathing test during which subjects were required to breathe at approximately 60% MVV using tidal volumes that\nwere about 50% of VC at a breathing frequency of approximately 30 breaths/min until exhaustion (defined as inability to maintain the target ventilation) (Boutellier et al. 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3313, "input_1": "Traditionally, octrees have been used for ray tracing [Glassner 1984; Fujimoto et al. 1986], background object collision detection [Bandi and Thalmann 1995], motion planning [Hamada and Hori 1996], and other operations which are performed on static objects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3314, "input_1": "As expected, during actually executed tasks all subjects recruited a network of cortical and subcortical brain regions deputed to motor and sensory control that became more extensive in patients likely as a compensatory mechanism to maintain a normal performance despite the presence of focal and diffuse brain injury (Guillot and Collet, 2005; Pantano et al., 2005; Rocca et al., 2005; Lenzi et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3315, "input_1": "infantum H-line is more susceptible to oxidative stress, and thus a change in thiol-redox metabolism in this line may explain its loss of virulence [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3316, "input_1": "Our method does not provide absolute concentrations but only relative levels as commonly used in other lipidomics approaches (Graessler et al. 2009; Rhee et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3317, "input_1": "In addition, EAAT2 has also been observed in microglia after facial nerve axotomy (Nakajima et al., 2001), a feature which is consistent with previous findings indicating that macrophages and microglia may acquire glutamate transporters and thus, together with astrocytes, contribute to regulate glutamate homeostasis after injury (Rimaniol et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3318, "input_1": "We implemented the methods described in Section 2 in C++ using SCIP [48] version 3.2 with CPLEX 12.6.1 as LP solver.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3319, "input_1": "Also, functional integration abnormalities between brain areas, which are primarily reflected by the intrinsic functional connectivity, were demonstrated to be the neural basis of impaired cognition in aMCI patients (Bai et al., 2009a, 2009b; Sorg et al., 2007; Xie et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3320, "input_1": "Following [18], denote λM = bn ∞ (9) to be the characteristic mitosis rate, λR = μγ LD −3 (10)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3321, "input_1": "Studies by Ross and Lindsay (1965), Sandham (1986), Horswell (1991), Hoenig and Schoener (1992), Ugar and Semb (2001), Giannakari (2004), Rajion et al. (2006), Lima et al. (2009) supported this finding and confirmed the association between upper cervical vertebral anomalies and cleft lip and/or…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3322, "input_1": "For the wild-type mice, our results were in line with previous studies (Brose et al. 2016, Bazinet et al. 2005, Trepanier et al. 2017) such that CO2-induced increases\n A cc\n ep te\n d A\n rt ic\n le\n This article is protected by copyright.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3323, "input_1": "Vertical orientation might lead to aggregation processes and the formation of AmB pores in the ergosterol-containing DPPC membrane (Gruszecki et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3324, "input_1": "The existence of multiple PGE2 receptor subtypes, namely EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4, has been confirmed by molecular cloning [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3325, "input_1": "Experimental conditions were the same as described elsewhere (Lee et al., 1997; Lee and Kim, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3326, "input_1": "Hepatocytes were isolated from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and adult male mice C57/BL6 wild type; C57/BL6-lpr (FAS receptor null); C57/BL6-gld (FAS ligand mutant); by the two-step collagenase perfusion technique (Kamath et al., 1999; Park et al., 2000a,b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3327, "input_1": "MPDL3280A presents an engineered Fc domain capable of abrogating ADCC, by preventing the depletion of activated T cells that also express PD-L1 [149].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3328, "input_1": "The aHPeV3 (A308-99) antibody was a kind gift from Dr Shimizu, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, prepared as pooled guinea pig serum (Ito et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3329, "input_1": "The development process and functional behaviour of the cellular array was executed on an FPGA (Tufte and Haddow, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3330, "input_1": "Studies based on adherence to the ACS and/or the WCRF/AICR guidelines also reported that women who adhere to the guidelines were less likely to develop endometrial cancer, but these studies have also failed to provide evidence to suggest that lifestyle-related factors act jointly to influence risk of ovarian cancer [15, 17, 36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3331, "input_1": "Furthermore, considering that the 12.4 kb 3 enhancer expresses so uniformly in nearly all Ptf1a-expressing regions in the nervous\nsystem, it is surprising that this element expresses very sparsely in the pancreas, and even then it is not active until much later in development (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3332, "input_1": "METHODS A total of 20 PD patients (response rate 71.4%; mean age 64.4 ± 11.6 years) were assessed using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, Self Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3333, "input_1": "tended loop in TLR9 (10) situated between LRR1 and LRR2 that could be another lysosomal protease cleavage site(s).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3334, "input_1": "Relative location deviation of filters (Ef,k[Df,k]) in CNNs that are trained for single-category classification using the Pascal VOC Part dataset [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3335, "input_1": "…a species-specific antibody that recognizes an extracellular epitope specifically associated with the tip and kino-\ncilial links of chick hair cells and the calyceal processes of photoreceptors, immunoprecipitates two proteins of 200 and 250 kDa from chicken retina (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3336, "input_1": "Cases were identified and clinical data collected through the Genetic Studies of Human Developmental Disorders at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI or the A/M Clinical Registry at the Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.\n Genomic DNA was extracted using the Autopure LS system (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) from blood or buccal samples and the SOX2 coding region was amplified using primers: set 1 forward, 5'-AGT CCC GGC CGG GCC GAG-3', and set 1 reverse, 5'-GGT AGC CCA GCT GGT CCT G-3', and set 2 forward, 5'-CAA GAC GCT CAT GAA GAA GG-3', and set 2 reverse, 5'-TAC TCT CCT CTT TTG CAC CC-3'.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3337, "input_1": "Lamellar split bone grafting The lamellar split osteotomy is a surgical technique that was developed in the late 1980s and was reported in the literature in 1990.[5,6] This technique allows changing in the position of the outer bone cortex by splitting it in situ as you would a segment of cranial bone on the back table.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3338, "input_1": "Moreover, our unexpected results, which did not show a decrease in microbial load but instead a tendency towards an increase, are discordant with previous studies using either qPCR [10,12] or culture methods [34,35,36,37] (Table S1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3339, "input_1": "MtrF and NGO1024 appear to be linked in a regulatory sense, in that the transcripts for these proteins are controlled directly or indirectly by at least four regulatory elements, including NrrF, Fur, and two additional transcriptional repressors, MtrR and MpeR (57, 58).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3340, "input_1": "First, correlational and principal components analyses were used to examine the relationship between TVA parameters and performance on the Fixed and Ran-\n dom versions of the SART (Robertson et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3341, "input_1": ", 2011) or enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (Miyazaki et al., 2011) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) (Friesen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3342, "input_1": "A contribution of MiRP1 to native IKr is debatable however (28, 29), and it has been suggested that MiRP1 is unlikely to associate significantly with hERG in areas of the heart outside of the conduction system (30, 31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3343, "input_1": "2008) and is involved in the inactivation of extrinsic as well as intrinsic apoptosis pathways, by interacting with pro-apoptotic proteins like p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, PUMA, MSH2, MSH6 and others (Ludwig-Galezowska et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3344, "input_1": "The adopted theoretical formulation expands on the USVA theory for two confocal beams in the case of lossless media [4,5], by also including absorption in the analytical model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3345, "input_1": "The feed-restricted controls were provided feed according to a pre-designed protocol based on previous data (Pohjanvirta et al., 2008) and intended to mimic the feed consumption of L–", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3346, "input_1": "Here, we start from one of the\nsimplest models proposed by Song et al. (2000), in which the amplitude of change in synaptic strength is not affected by baseline connection strength, called the additive-STDP model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3347, "input_1": "Compared to an earlier in-place list reversal example [47], the proof script was about the same structure and size, 67 lines.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3348, "input_1": "The recommended diet was formulated by Excel Eiyo-kun software version 4.0–6.0 for Food Frequency Questionnaire, which analyzes each participant’s diet information collected on the Food Frequency Questionnaire Based on Food Groups version 2.0–3.5 (KENPAKUSHA, Tokyo, Japan).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3349, "input_1": "Although the place of SC MTX is still not clearly defined in the UK and European guidelines [1, 2, 10], recently published guidelines from the Canadian Rheumatology Association recommend that RA patients with persistent synovitis should be commenced on oral or parenteral MTX as soon as possible; for those patients with an inadequate response or intolerance to the oral formulation, the parenteral formulation should be considered [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3350, "input_1": "The method for measuring FMD has been described previously.(18) Prior to the measurement, subjects were required to fast, stop all medications, and avoid smoking, alcohol, and exercise for 12 hours.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3351, "input_1": "A similar increase in Zn was observed in the cortex and the hilus of the hippocampus (Table 2) and indicates that increased Zn (and not Fe or Cu) is a late-stage effect of advanced disease pathology (Religa et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3352, "input_1": "2014/10/16 file: den_leon_bernoulli_final.tex date: June 3, 2015\nAnh, Leonenko and Shieh (2008a,b, 2009a,b, 2010) considered multifractal products of stochastic processes as defined in Kahane (1985), Kahane (1987) and Mannersalo et al (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3353, "input_1": "…ranges of sensitivity estimates (Additive: 23.44 to 10.58; Subtractive: 21.95 to 8.42) were well outside the usual range of sensitivity to reinforcement estimates (a) obtained from human detection experiments which studied the effects of reinforcers alone (e.g., 20.01 to 0.58; Lie & Alsop, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3354, "input_1": "The results demonstrated an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in shift\nworkers compared with day workers (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05–1.75) (Suwazono et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3355, "input_1": "Pretreatment of the bone samples followed a modified Longin (1971) procedure to extract collagen for 14C measurement, while pretreatment of the mollusk shells involved a 20% removal of the outer shell surface by etching in 1M HCl (Ascough et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3356, "input_1": "NAPS2 and NAPS2 validation (NAPS2CV) cohorts have been described in detail.(1,45,52) All NAPS2", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3357, "input_1": "By exploiting all available links, it improves CTP [21], a reference data collection protocol, in both energy and latency [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3358, "input_1": "We have found that these social and behavioural factors are also important influences on depression among gay men attending general practice (Mao et al. 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3359, "input_1": "Microarray data were background corrected with the normal-exponential convolution model (48) and normalized with the quantile approach (49) using the limma R package (45).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3360, "input_1": "Electric fields were applied as described (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000; Petty 2000; Rosenspire et al. 2000, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3361, "input_1": "So timely treatment of hydrosalpinx before IVF-ET could improve the outcome of IVF treatment, and reduce the incidence of HP and abortion, which had been affirmed by previous studies [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3362, "input_1": "A nuclear isoform of CLU, the 49 kDa product of a variant gene transcript, has also been identified (Yang et al., 2000) and is associated with cell death, for example, following exposure to ionizing radiation (Leskov et al., 2003) or cellular Ca2þ depletion (Caccamo et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3363, "input_1": "These policies are known to present comprehension problems to users [15, 19] and often are used to inform the interaction design for such systems, e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3364, "input_1": "Given that forecast uncertainty is associated with hurricane evacuation decisions, it may also 4See Kellenberg and Mobarak (2008), Bakkensen and Mendelsohn (2016) and Geiger et al. (2016)\nbe linked with other behavioral decisions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3365, "input_1": "Hence we can directly apply a classical transfer theorem [15] to obtain the asymptotic number of closed lambda-terms with unary height at most 1, as", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3366, "input_1": "The compression of the female thorax in longitudinal direction is a general phenotype in brachypterous lepidopterans with a distinctly enlarged abdomen (Snäll et al. 2007; Wahlberg et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3367, "input_1": "atherosclerosis, thrombosis and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)(4, 61).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3368, "input_1": "Similar observations [56, 57] have been made in the context of SVMs and Logistic Regression (the unstructured analogues of SSVM and CRFs).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3369, "input_1": "While divers regularly cleaned the outside, a cleaning ring was used to wipe the inside of the walls every week (Riebesell et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3370, "input_1": "This observation corroborates findings from Olver & Jonker (1997) and Nir et al. (1994b), who also showed a direct relationship between the particle size of the ingredients or diet and the morphology of the digestive system.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3371, "input_1": "…to regulate the release of ions and metabolites, such as ATP, from mitochondria (Colombini et al., 1996; Rostovtseva and Colombini, 1996), and recent evidence suggests that BCL-xL may also control the flux of ATP and phosphocreatine across the outer membrane (Vander Heiden et al., 2000, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3372, "input_1": "…theoretically attractive, this is practically unachievable owing to the potentially embarrassing or personal nature of reproductive studies per se (Handelsman et al., 1985), the attitudes of those seeking care (Tielemans et al., 2002) and self-selection of those who are willing to participate…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3373, "input_1": "When no more new codes emerged, we moved to axial coding (Agterberg et al., 2010; Pratt et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3374, "input_1": "Pump dislodgment or migration occurred in two patients described in a report of 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving IT therapy with opioid medications either alone or in combination with nonopioid medications (40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3375, "input_1": "These mice overexpress a human HO-1 transgene downstream of the α-myosin heavy chain gene promoter, which is highly active and expressed in a cardiac-restricted manner (82, 89).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3376, "input_1": "Baseline VO2 max estimates using treadmill protocols are comparable to bike tests and\nour results, and ranging from 26 ml/kg/min and 33.2 ml/kg/min (Cade, Fantry, Nabar, Shaw, & Keyser,\n2003; MacArthur et al., 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3377, "input_1": "Of note, there are other studies showing that the mRNA level of BNP was not elevated at a compensatory hypertrophic stage, but only at a decompensated stage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (46, 56).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3378, "input_1": "The PH has been identified as a “defence” area and locomotor region and is located within the anatomical boundaries of the fornix, mamillothalamic tract, and third ventricle (47, 57).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3379, "input_1": ", 2015), the detected RNA corresponded to small RNAs < 200 nt according to their size distribution pattern, while in mammalian EVs RNA > 200 nt has been also detected (Valadi et al., 2007; Crescitelli et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3380, "input_1": "In [22,24,25], the norms of all singular values were quantized and used in the watermark embedding process.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3381, "input_1": "This approach is consistent with the client-centered counseling model advocated by the CDC (Kamb et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3382, "input_1": "…2009; Volkers et al., 2010), transposition of insertion sequences has been associated with adaptation towards high physiological stress in E. coli, such as osmolarity (Stoebel et al., 2009), metal-limiting conditions (Chou et al., 2009) and nutrient limiting conditions (Gaff e et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3383, "input_1": "rPhl p 6251, a fusion protein [16] consisting of the four major timothy grass pollen allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, Phl p 6), as well as recombinant allergens (rBet v 1, rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 5, rPhl p 6, rPhl p 12) were obtained from Biomay (Vienna, Austria).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3384, "input_1": "Our results are in keeping with the findings of Nishikawa et al [24] and suggest that the prophylactic phenylephrine infusion may be considered relatively safe with respect to its effect on hypertension and bradycardia despite the use of a high cumulative dose at the infusion rate of 100 μg/min.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3385, "input_1": "Animals received either vascular occlusion (PM) for 15 min, or they underwent a standardized 2/3 liver resection (LR; left-lateral and median lobe) as described by Higgins and Andersson [17] or a combination of both procedures (PM + LR).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3386, "input_1": "On the other hand, most of the proteomics studies reported in the literature have been rested upon discrimination of meat tenderness only on the basis of Wbs (which is evaluated as the maximum shear force necessary to cut the meat perpendicular to the fibers) [2,10,19,21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3387, "input_1": "The spatiotemporal model is well supported because similar spatiotemporal networks are inferred in real fMRI data whether using spatial or temporal independent component analysis (ICA) (Calhoun et al., 2009), general linear model (GLM), seed-based (Whitfield-Gabrieli et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3388, "input_1": "anthracis phage conferring resistance to the soil antibiotic fosfomycin [46], a genotypically modified derivative of B.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3389, "input_1": "In contrast to that observed for InlA-mediated uptake of L. monocytogenes (Bonazzi and Cossart, 2006), inhibition of caveolin-1 had little effect on rOmpB-mediated invasion of HeLa cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3390, "input_1": "2003) and Hahb-4 from sunflower (Gago et al. 2002; Manavella et al. 2006), of which the expression is inducible by drought as well as by abscisic acid (ABA), which plays a central role in regulating plant responses to drought including stomata closure (Leung and Giraudat 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3391, "input_1": "SPR analysis showed that the FLNA(16-23) fragment also bound to ICL3 at 1:1 stoichiometry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3392, "input_1": "This phenomenon was accompanied by the production of dfrA promoter dsRNA, production of small RNAs and methylation of the dfrA promoter (Sijen et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3393, "input_1": "The existence of time delay may lead to some more complicated dynamic behaviors such as oscillation, divergence, chaos, instability or other poor performance of the neural networks [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3394, "input_1": "In both, adult and children ventilated patients, the reported incidence of ARDS ranged from 2 to 4% [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3395, "input_1": "Besides, knowledge management (e.g. document management, group wikis and task management) and social intercourse models (e.g. the forum and public wall) are lately discussed and designed within the framework of CWE (MartínezCarreras et al., 2007; Pirkkalainen and Pawlowski, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3396, "input_1": "The peak femoral strains in the proximal-lateral femoral shaft calculated for walking and stair ascent were consistent with corresponding strain measurements reported by Aamodt et al. (1997); mean peak tensile and compressive strains calculated for the 10 participants ranged from 1351 to 1647 με and 971 to 988 με, respectively, compared to corresponding strains of 1198–1454 με and 393–948 με measured from two hip syndrome patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3397, "input_1": "Over the last few years, many different local interest point detectors (like Harris3D [16], Cuboid [6], Hessian [35] or Dense sampling [33]) and many spatio-temporal descriptors (like HOG [17], HOG3D [14], HOF [17], Cuboid [6] or ESURF [35]) have been proposed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3398, "input_1": "…of epidemiological studies showing an association between air pollution exposure and cognitive impairment in the elderly (Chen and Schwartz 2009; Power et al. 2011; Ranft et al. 2009; Wellenius et al. 2012; Weuve et al. 2012a; Chang et al. 2014; Tonne et al. 2014, Ailshire and Crimmings 2014,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3399, "input_1": "The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced for a random subset of 323 of the 459 isolates as described previously (Davelos et al., 2004c) (plot 1, n=146; plot 2N, n=51, plot 3, n=39; plot 4N, n= 27; plot 5, n= 42; plot 6N, n=18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3400, "input_1": "identify and manage people with an ARMS for psychosis, even in a deprived inner-city area with a high proportion of people from ethnic minorities (Broome et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3401, "input_1": "It has been shown that the number of cores on diagnostic biopsy was affected by cancer correlates with tumour volume (Ochiai et al, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3402, "input_1": "Maternities were assigned by field observation, and molecular parentage analysis was used to infer paternities (detailed description of methods in Morrissey et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3403, "input_1": "The patient-specific MACTAR scale identifies the top five most disabling physical or social activities for which they underwent arthroplasty [8, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3404, "input_1": "It was anticipated that inter-individual variability would be higher in a pediatric population [14]; therefore individual variability was set at 50% for ka (as opposed to 27% in adolescents [12]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3405, "input_1": "Keros [14], later on, Kainz and Stammberger [26], described the cribriform plate variation and classified it into three types based on the length of the lateral lamella that determines the depth of the cribriform plate in the olfactory cleft.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3406, "input_1": "Inhibition of platelet aggregation by RBCs-generated NO was reported in several publications [5, 7, 11, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3407, "input_1": "Obesity is the central and causal component in metabolic syndrome and adipocytes produce a variety of biologically active molecules [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3408, "input_1": "To assess for skills of divided attention, the measures used by Craik et al. (1996) and Naveh-Benjamin, Craik, Guez, and Dori (1998) were considered appropriate as the aims of the current study were similar to their objectives.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3409, "input_1": "In the same way, the maximum E-CSF/E-serum ratio for RBP was detected at E4 but not at E3, coinciding with its suggested activity in retinol transport to the E-CSF (Parada et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3410, "input_1": "In light of recent suggestions that a more conservative voxel-wise threshold should be used for whole brain fMRI analyses [Woo et al., 2014], we also applied a more conservative voxel-wise threshold of P< 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3411, "input_1": "…around marketing and sale of certain products arise regarding perpetuation of undesirable institutions and practices, such as those that may reinforce sociocultural biases related to gender, class, ethnicity, and color (Dixon and Telles, 2017; Fleming and Jones, 2013; Glenn, 2008; Karnani, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3412, "input_1": "Although the lack of true branch lengths may increase Type I error of independent contrast correlations, equal branch lengths are associated with a lower Type I error than other topological approaches when information regarding true branch lengths does not exist (Ackerly 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3413, "input_1": "Furthermore, and to ensure consistency with our definition of sustainability (adopted from Sarriot et al., 2004a) we also examine the technical assistance provided by the contractor (international NGO) to the Operational Health District.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3414, "input_1": "However, CP-induced free radical production and LP in tubular cells have been suggested to be responsible for the oxidative renal damage (Mansour et al., 2002; Sueishi et al., 2002; Atessahin et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3415, "input_1": "2006), Madagascar (Pasqualini et al. 1999), Kakadu and Daintree National Parks in Australia, French Guiana and Malaysia (Lucas et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3416, "input_1": "A number of clinical tools have been developed for the assessment of neuropathic pain, including the neuropathic pain questionnaire (NPQ) [2], ID Pain [3] and douleur neuropathique (DN4) [4] .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3417, "input_1": "The acute phase response is a very complex reaction, involving local and systemic effects, and may be caused by a range of factors (Heegaard et al., 1998; Carroll et al., 2004; Murata et al., 2004; Dı́az et al., 2005; Grau-Roma et al., 2009, Pomorska-Mól et al., 2011a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3418, "input_1": "[3] showed that additivity of entanglement of formation holds for a family of mixed states by utilizing the additivity of Holevo capacity for unital qubit channels [4] via Stinespring dilation [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3419, "input_1": "The atlases used were created by standardized anatomic labeling of multiple subjects linearly registered to MNI-152 standard space [13,14], and the same type of registration method and tool was used in our study to reduce systematic errors introduced by differing registration methods.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3420, "input_1": "Herbivore- or elicitor-induced volatile release varies with time and treatment, applied amount of elicitor (Halitschke et al. 2000), and the herbivore damage level (Gouinguene et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3421, "input_1": "The SAS theory is supported by studies conducted separately in the auditory (Hari, 1995; Hari and Kiesilä, 1996; Helenius, Uutela, & Hari, 1999) and visual (Hari, Renvall, & Tanskanen, 2001; Hari, Valta, & Uutela, 1999) modalities.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3422, "input_1": "…bacteria\nPrevious reports have shown that the majority of identified acyl-proteins represented metabolic enzymes and translation-related proteins (Kim et al. 2006; Yu et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2009a, 2011, 2013; Wang et al. 2010; Okanishi et al. 2013; Okanishi et al. 2014; Kosono et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3423, "input_1": "…cells of diverse tissue types may suggest that this marker is indicative of a general precursor cell rather than one specifically committed to a neural lineage (About et al., 2000; Ha et al., 2003; Mokry and Nemecek, 1998; Niki et al., 1999; Sejersen and Lendahl, 1993; Zulewski et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3424, "input_1": "Aliquots (5 mL) of the cell suspension were collected from the mixture at various times after mixing, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Iwatani et al., 2005) for 10 min, and then subjected to IIFM without air-drying.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3425, "input_1": "For nocodazole treatment of embryos, L4 worms were grown on perm-1(RNAi) feeding plates at 20°C for 16-18 hr, then dissected in an open imaging chamber filled with osmotic support medium (Carvalho et al., 2011;\nWueseke et al., 2016) and 20 µg/ml nocodazole (Sigma).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3426, "input_1": "MIES, using the global competitive ranking introduced by Runarsson and Yao (2002) as means of constraint handling, is also capable of solving F7–F12 as explained in more detail by Li et al. (2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3427, "input_1": "On contrary to our results, Huang et al. (2006) studied 150 Chinese patients with SLE and 130 unrelated healthy individuals living in central Taiwan as control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in IL-6 and IL-8 gene polymorphisms between the SLE and control groups (p=0.53 and p=0.44, respectively). In addition, there was no significant association between the two groups in allelic frequency of IL-6 and IL-8 (p=0.89 and p=0.26, respectively). Also, Schotte et al. (2001) studied a population-based case–control study of 211 Caucasian German SLE patients and did not reveal any significant association of IL-6 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to SLE.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3428, "input_1": "…did not influence the recovery period from hypoesthesia, and recovery period of hypoesthesia of lower lip following SSRO was strongly associated with the sagittal split area and the distance between the plate (the most medial point of screw) and the mental foramen (Hashiba et al., 2007, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3429, "input_1": "Between four and seven days after the VO2peak test, each participant returned to the laboratory to perform a test to verify the power output required to elicit the requisite VO2peak for each training session, i.e. 80% VO2peak.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3430, "input_1": "As mentioned, our previous study (Parmanto and Zeng 2005) found the score that separates accessible websites from the inaccessible ones to be 5.5.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3431, "input_1": "Increasing the number of C motifs increases the amount of SHP-2 binding to CagA, although an ABCCC type of CagA appears to bind less SHP-2 than an ABD type (Higashi et al., 2002a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3432, "input_1": "To avoid this force field dependence due to significant differences in point charges between AMBER variants, and obtain SASA quantities that were based solely on sequence and structure, reported SASA values were calculated using the VEGA package [28], with a probe sphere radius of 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3433, "input_1": "Stimulating neuronal activity in the rodent hippocampus increased the Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio by promoting a conformational change in PS-1 (Dolev et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3434, "input_1": "The most common advantages expressed in the six most-cited publications are that the flipped classroom approach focusses student-centred and collaborative, problem-based learning activities, thus enabling teachers to spend more time identifying student problems and knowledge gaps (Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2014; Prober & Khan, 2013; Strayer, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3435, "input_1": "…is ubiquitously distributed throughout the oceans, the biogeography of C. pelagicus only covers the Arctic Ocean and the sub-polar Northern Hemisphere (McIntyre and Bé, 1967; McIntyre et al., 1970), with a particular prevalence in the sub-polar North Atlantic (Milliman, 1980; Tarran et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3436, "input_1": "These observations confirm prior data showing that positive AF markers of infection are predictive of PPROM after successful arrest of preterm labor in women treated for preterm labor with intact membranes (10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3437, "input_1": "The ‘‘ongoing inhibition’’ effect is considered for the most sensitive enzymatic component (Estévez and Vilanova 2009; Estévez et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3438, "input_1": "In addition, although the C-terminal cleavage fragment activates cytokine production elicited by CpG-DNA or NF-kB signaling, the levels of TNF-a production or NF-kB activation seem to be lower than those seen with full-length TLR9 (10, 19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3439, "input_1": "Representative examples are MPI-IO, an I/O extension of the standardized message passing interface MPI, and ADIO [18], a standard API yielding an abstract device interface for portable I/O.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3440, "input_1": "Sequences were then edited, aligned with Genedoc (Nicholas and Nicholas, 1997) and finally checked for chimera using Bellerophon (Huber et al., 2004) and the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP, Cole et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3441, "input_1": "AFH1 FH1FH2 and human profilin I were purified according to the methods described previously (Michelot et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3442, "input_1": "Accumulating evidence suggests that cytokines including IL-1a/b, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a, TNF-b, and IFN-c are secreted in the urine following instillation ofBCG [2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 23, 26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3443, "input_1": "CARP has been found to be induced in cardiac ventricle overloaded by banding of the descending aorta (Aihara et al. 2000) and in skeletal muscle denervated by transection of the sciatic nerve (Baumeister et al. 1997; Tsukamoto et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3444, "input_1": "N-terminal mutants affect HR elicitation but not SAR\nThe active domains for HR elicitation in harpinPss and harpinPph from Pseudomonas strains reside in the C-terminal region (Arlat et al. 1994; Lee et al. 2001a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3445, "input_1": "The presence and severity of atrial septal aneurysm were classified in accordance with Olivares et al.(13) Hypertrophic rims were defined as having a thickness ‚â•8mm, whereas lipomatosis was defined as thickness of ‚â•15mm, on intracardiac echocardiogram study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3446, "input_1": "…a previous study in the current sample demonstrated that a brief intervention was effective in reducing child behavior problems via improvements in parental positive behavior support (i.e., proactiveness, structuring, and clear communication; Dishion et al. 2008), which included aspects of warmth.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3447, "input_1": "Mouse NTD models with specific responses to different nutritional supplements can be used to study mechanisms of FA responsiveness in humans and mice, and to identify alternative approaches to prevent FA-resistant NTDs [21-23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3448, "input_1": "Studies of mitochondrial function and redox in isolated mitochondria and cardiac myocytes (42–46) were performed to determine the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction (14, 32, 47) and oxidative stress", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3449, "input_1": "…to Reduction in Cell Length and Change in Cell\n07.07.004\nFor thin section transmission electron microscopy, the proventriculus was placed directly in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% picric acid in 100 mM phosphate (pH 7.2) and processed as described previously (Dawe et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3450, "input_1": "Nuclear transfer procedures are now widely used to overcome these problems (Clark et al., 2000; Laible and Alonso-Gonzalez, 2009; Wolf et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3451, "input_1": "Since analysis and interpretation of interactions are more straightforward with dichotomous factors [50], SES was split into two classes of risk, namely ‘low’ (SES 10–30) and ‘middle/high’ (SES 40–90), based on theoretically meaningful cutoff points as available from existent literature [51, 52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3452, "input_1": "TG content of the intestine (proximal jejunum) was quantified in Figure 2, B and C, that of primary enterocytes isolated from the jejunum in Figure 1A, and that of fecal samples, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) as described previously (9, 46, 47), and normalized to the weight of the tissue or proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3453, "input_1": "Measure\nThe survey (The Autism Awareness Survey) was created to identify respondent knowledge about autism; it was a modification and update of a survey of autism knowledge created by Stone (1987) and later adapted by Heidgerken et al. (2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3454, "input_1": "Recent studies have shown that many pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, utilize the ‘zippering’ pathway of invasion, highjacking the clathrin-, caveolin- and ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis of host receptors to gain access to the nutrient-rich intracellular environment of mammalian host cells (Veiga and Cossart, 2005; Bonazzi and Cossart, 2006; Hamon et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3455, "input_1": "Stellate stimulation consisted of repeated square wave pulses of 5-ms duration, delivered at 5 Hz, with stimulus amplitude of 4–10 V similar to prior studies (20, 21, 31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3456, "input_1": "Similar to the results obtained using BrdU, there was an age-related decline in DCX-positive neuroblasts after 3 months of age, at which time a plateau was reached.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3457, "input_1": "Adult, 12–14 week-old male C57/Bl6 mice (n = 12/group) underwent constriction of the pulmonary artery or thoracic aorta as previously described to generate models of acute primary and progressive secondary RVPO respectively [14,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3458, "input_1": "All type I perforations, since they are usually large, are immediately repaired with general surgery [10, 11, 17, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3459, "input_1": "In order to answer our research question, we follow the design science research approach as described by [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3460, "input_1": "One such approach is to train individuals to automatically imagine positive resolutions of ambiguous information (Holmes et al., 2006, 2008c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3461, "input_1": "Notch signaling is involved in endothelial angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (Duarte et al., 2004; Lawson et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3462, "input_1": "It is of interest that HCV core protein NS3 can activate the NOTCH signaling pathway resulting in development of HCV-induced HCC [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3463, "input_1": "Such responses were then accepted as being short latency reXexes only when the change in EMG activity was continuous for over 5 ms (Wohlert 1996; Wood and Smith 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3464, "input_1": "The interaction between BBS4 and PCM-1 was first identified by a yeast two-hybrid screen using BBS4 cDNA as bait (20), and affinity purification confirmed that PCM-1 is associated with the stable BBS complex (12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3465, "input_1": "This is in sharp contrast to the observation that mycoheterotrophic gametophytes show quite specific associations with particular Glomus group A lineages; fungal taxa from the underground massive gametophytes of two Botrychium species (Winther and Friedman 2007) and seven Lycopodiaceae species (Winther and Friedman 2008) form a monophyletic clade, and Psilotum nudum (Winther and Friedman 2009) forms four distinct clades.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3466, "input_1": "Instruments to evaluate the impact of hearing loss on QoL Assessment of QoL deterioration due to hearing loss can be achieved through several instruments, as reported in different studies in the literature.(8,9) These can be divided into hearing-related QoL instruments (Table 1) and generic QoL instruments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3467, "input_1": "…the average amplitudes of contralateral PBR (cPBR) and ipsilateral NBR (iNBR) were negatively correlated as previously reported and thought to result from increased ipsilateral inhibition occurring concurrently with increased contralateral excitation (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3468, "input_1": "As pathogens, members of this complex are responsible for causing disease on around 100 genera of plants (Farr et al. 1989), and they represent one of the most important group of pathogens associated with opportunistic fungal infections and keratitis in humans (Zhang et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3469, "input_1": "We intersect this collection with the dictionaries we make available for this experiment: 9 of the Wiktionaries come from Li et al. (2012), and we collect 16 new on top of that.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3470, "input_1": "On at least one occasion eight biopsy specimens (4-greater curvature and 4-lesser curvature) from the gastric body mucosa were taken as described previously [5, 24, 29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3471, "input_1": "Moreover as seen in our previously published work [9], there appears to be a geographic maldistribution of both specialists and hospitals across all HSAs within the United States (Figs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3472, "input_1": "To measure the power consumption of each application and component, we used an open source software called PowerTutor [98] and a profiling tool, called Trepn, provided", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3473, "input_1": "These measurements were subsequently used in the cube-function formula for ASE guidelines to calculate LV mass [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3474, "input_1": "TRIM28 has been shown to mediate repression of endogenous retroelements in ESCs (Rowe et al., 2010; Turelli et al., 2014) via interactions with murine Zfp809 (Wolf et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3475, "input_1": "Cawthorn et al. (2008) reported that sensitivity of this chromogenic media for isolation of Cronobacter was 100%.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3476, "input_1": "H. axyridis was recorded in the Ryukyu Islands\n(Poutsma et al. 2008; GBIF 2013), but Noriyuki et al.\n(2012) report that it does not occur there.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3477, "input_1": "Therefore, differences between our results and those from rodent studies may reflect species differences as previously noted for the amygdalostriatal (Fudge et al., 2002, 2004) and amygdala-CeN paths (Fudge and Tucker, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3478, "input_1": "Our results corroborate and greatly expand on previous reports, which compared FAO food-supply data to individual dietary data for only a few countries (14, 15) or selected dietary components such as fruit and vegetables (16).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3479, "input_1": "The potential for LMTM to be active at the low dose of 4 mg twice a day and the lack of doseresponse was unexpected given the results of an earlier Phase II placebo-controlled study using the oxidized form of the methylthioninium (MT) moiety as methylthioninium chloride (MTC) [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3480, "input_1": "…(e.g., Beard 2002; Chaimanee et al. 2000; Kay et al. 2004; Marivaux et al. 2005; Takai et al. 2005) without reservation and none of the features invoked by Jaeger et al. (1999) have been reassessed or challenged in detail, with the exception of the character analysis by Gunnell and Miller (2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3481, "input_1": "angles between 0o and 60o (Durgin, Li & Hajnal, 2010). Durgin, Li and Hajnal (2010) argued that although verbal estimates and non-verbal angle bisection reports provided clear evidence that near surfaces appeared steeper than they were, free hand measures showed good calibration to actual surface orientation because they are calibrated by visuomotor experience.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3482, "input_1": "[48] presented a system of nested weak classifiers to enhance the cascaded structure (or tree structure [13]) proposed by Viola and Jones in [15,43] and trained each classifier using the Real AdaBoost method.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3483, "input_1": "Patients with diabetes requiring glucose-lowering treatment have been reported as having the same long-term risk of major cardiovascular outcomes as patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3484, "input_1": "A small variation of this approach, described in [54], permits in linear time to either perform the lacing when the two curves are b-compatible or to detect that they are not.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3485, "input_1": "This result is in contrast with the effect of phosphonoformic acid on Na -dependent phosphate uptake into intestinal BBMV (19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3486, "input_1": "Our previous research with gay men attending Australian general medical practices did not find that drug use was independently associated with major depression, after taking into account social and behavioural factors (Mao et al. 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3487, "input_1": "Hence, a lower product indicates a better efficiency of the routing protocol and thus better performance as recommended in RFC 2501 [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3488, "input_1": "Frequent methylation for TIMP3 (Kang et al. 2006) and CDH13 (Suehiro et al. 2008) in the present study concurs with previously published results in endometrial cancer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3489, "input_1": "thermophilus, as previously reported (Okanishi et al. 2014), but also in another thermophilic bacterium, G.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3490, "input_1": "…relative hazard functions characterized the instantaneous rate of death at a particular time, given that the individual survived up to that point, while controlling for the effect of other variables on survival (SPSS 1990;\nJournal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org 5\nRosengaus et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3491, "input_1": "However, this appeared just prior to another report identifying a significant contribution of DRA (Slc26a3) to transcellular oxalate absorption in the small and large intestine [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3492, "input_1": "Still, we often read ‘‘we observed a specialization of the face-processing system, as shown by the loss of ability to discriminate between faces from other species’’ (see Pascalis et al., 2005, p. 5300; emphasis added).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3493, "input_1": "2.1 Local Feature Descriptors\nLocal feature descriptors (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005) have been extensively studied, especially since the seminal works by Schmid and Mohr (1997) and Lowe (2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3494, "input_1": "…and morphogens contained within the E-CSF (such as FGF2, apolipoproteins, retinol binding protein, retinol and low density lipoproteins) in controlling initial neurogenesis and neuroepithelial cell proliferation and survival (Martin et al., 2006; Bachy et al., 2008; Parada et al., 2008, in press).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3495, "input_1": "Our results were consistent with a previous report that MEFs expressing endogenous KrasG12D do not show signs of cell senescence in long-term culture (34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3496, "input_1": "Katanin is a microtubule-severing protein activated in mitotic Xenopus extracts (Vale, 1991; McNally and Thomas, 1998) and concentrated at mitotic spindle poles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3497, "input_1": "Combined arterial and venous thromboembolism was observed in six [14, 19, 25, 36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3498, "input_1": "Identifying a Mu insertion genetically linked to a mutant phenotype\nWe initially developed the method using an empty pericarp mutant, emp*02S-0422 (Figure 2), obtained from the UniformMu collection (McCarty et al., 2005; Settles et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3499, "input_1": "…be.oxfordjournals.org/\nD ow nloaded from\nthe fact that in mammals many UCEs serve as developmental enhancers (de la Calle-Mustienes et al. 2005; Woolfe et al. 2005; Pennacchio et al. 2006; Visel et al. 2008) prompted us to consider a plausible role of Drosophila UCEs in transcriptional regulation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3500, "input_1": "Importantly, and consistent with previous studies (Browd et al. 2006; Kessler et al. 2009; Thomas et al. 2009), in the single Shh-dependent tumor identified, Ptch1 (a negative regulator of Shh) was expressed at very low levels, suggesting that loss of Ptch1 cooperated with MYCN to initiate rare GTML tumors driven by Shh.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3501, "input_1": "These results are similar to those reported by ElHawarry (2012) using O. aureus 9 O. niloticus hybrids and Mateen and Ahmed (2007) for 17a-MT hormone treated O. niloticus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3502, "input_1": "Irie and colleagues (26) reported that PTK6 regulates IGF-1– induced anchorage-independent survival of mammary epithelial cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3503, "input_1": "However, limited information is available about molecular mechanisms of HM tolerance and detoxification in trees, and most of HM related genes in woody plants are restricted to Populus (Luo et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3504, "input_1": "[25], compared to tonic cardiac activity, relatively little is known about the role of phasic cardiac activity in the context of self-regulation [20,31,32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3505, "input_1": ", 2009), are most abundant on endosomes undergoing the early-to-late transition (Rojas et al., 2008; Cullen and Korswagen, 2012; van Weering et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3506, "input_1": "70, which is suggested as acceptable for research purposes; furthermore, the internal consistency of the total scale and the subscales ranged from good to excellent (Streiner and Norman, 2008) and were on the same or better level comparedwith other studies (Jocovic et al., 2002; Marshman et al., 2005; Brown and Al-Khayal., 2006; Goursand et al., 2008; McGrath et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3507, "input_1": "…and may reflect another potentially important link between oxidative stress and excitotoxicity via the microglial antiporter system Xc\n2 (Sato et al., 2002), releasing cytotoxic levels of glutamate into the interstitial compartment to replenish intracellular cystine to maintain the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3508, "input_1": "Inspired by [24], we tuned the values of θ1 and θ2 according to the population convergence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3509, "input_1": ", 2009) or picture booklets (e.g., Hickmann et al., 1995; Van der Lely, 1997; Colle et al., 2008; Hendriks et al., 2014; Kuijper et al., 2015; Contemori andDussias, 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3510, "input_1": "Similar results were obtained for several other plant species in previous studies (peanut, common bean, chestnut, black gram) (Raina et al. 2001; Marotti et al. 2007; Goulao et al. 2001, Souframanien and Gopalakrishna 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3511, "input_1": "Cell viability results showing that lung cancer cells exhibit resistance to the cytotoxicity of high concentration of ATP in comparison to normal cells are consistent with published data that showed low (nearly undetectable) expression levels of P2X7R in lung cancer cells (20, 21, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3512, "input_1": "nents of peripheral nerves have been well documented [1] and their glycation underlies many pathological", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3513, "input_1": "Applications were chosen based on references from other evaluations of task-based runtime systems and many-core processors ([12, 16, 38, 42, 44]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3514, "input_1": "has been reported as one of the most common pathogens that cause hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in patients undergoing surgical or chemotherapeutic interventions and/or with underlying immunological deficiencies (Wisplinghoff et al., 2004; Pfaller & Diekema, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3515, "input_1": "The remaining medial portion of the bone was potted (Codsi and Iannotti, 2008, Hoenig et al., 2009, Kwon et al., 2010) in an epoxy resin cylinder (Struers A/S, Ballerup, Denmark) to obtain a secure fixation of the bone to the set up while simultaneously isolating the bone from deformations induced…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3516, "input_1": "SPARC, a protein-binding glycoprotein (Termine et al., 1981; Kopp et al., 1992; Tiruppathi et al., 1996; Blazejewski et al., 1997), was investigated as a possible facilitator of albumin transfer across choroid plexus epithelial cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3517, "input_1": "The 3D plot obtained from raw meat sample (Figure 1A) showed a prominent peak at about 295 nm for 1λ = 40 nm, originating from the fluorescence of protein tryptophan residues (Boubellouta and Dufour 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3518, "input_1": "Fluorescence Microscopy in Living Cells\n Arabidopsis thaliana leaf protoplasts were transfected as described by Aker et al. (2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3519, "input_1": "Although there have been reports of successful surgical repair for branch PA stenosis, there are few data on results beyond the acute outcomes [2, 3, 6, 14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3520, "input_1": "2006) and Hahb-4 (Manavella et al. 2006) genes identified genes involved in osmoprotection, suggesting that these HD-Zip I genes are involved in drought-tolerance.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3521, "input_1": "To address this aim subjects (9 young and 8 older) performed HDR in the prone position as described previously (34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3522, "input_1": "This discrepancy could be explained as follows: prr5-1 shows a weaker period phenotype than toc1, and the accumulation of PRR5 does affect period length (Sato et al., 2002; Yamamoto et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3523, "input_1": "We evaluated 22 prospective cohorts in which HHV-8 DNA quantification had been performed on oropharyngeal swabs, including 18 cohorts from the Virology Research Clinic, University of Washington [14, 28–32], and 4 studies by affiliated investigators in Lima, Peru [33]; Kampala, Uganda [4]; Mombasa, Kenya [34]; and Yaounde, Cameroon.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3524, "input_1": "Mutant and WT hClC-1 channels were transiently expressed in HEK293T cells and examined typically 2 days after transfection with a calcium phosphate precipitation method (Fahlke et al. 1997a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3525, "input_1": "Executive function skills rely heavily on frontal lobe development (Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Casey et al., 1997; Rubia et al., 2003), which has been noted to peak in structural maturation during adolescence (Giedd et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3526, "input_1": "To check this intuition, we compare safari with Clousot, a recent tool based on Abstract Interpretation, under active development at Microsoft Research, which is capable of handling programs manipulating arrays (as discussed in [29]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3527, "input_1": "…aside from socioeconomic or family risk, families qualified for the original study if children scored in the clinical range on the Intensity or Problem Scales of the Eyberg Behavior Inventory, which comprised 44 % of the sample at recruitment (see Dishion et al. 2008; Robinson et al. 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3528, "input_1": "Higgins and Kram (2001) drawing from the social network theory have attempted to study a network of ‘ developers ’ that offer varying degrees of psychosocial support and role modelling.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3529, "input_1": "Higher systolic and/or diastolic arterial pressure among older adults has been described consistently in association with risk of hospitalization in cohort studies (Hanlon et al., 1998; Miller et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3530, "input_1": "To determine whether the arcometer constitutes a reliable method, data collection was organized so as to provide three types of information: (1) the validity of the instrument based on a comparison of the measurements obtained with the arcometer and X-ray (n=52) on the same day and in the same place; (2) the intra-evaluator reproducibility of the instrument based on the comparison of the measurements obtained with the arcometer by the same evaluator on two occasions at an interval of seven days (n=15); and (3) the inter-evaluator reproducibility of the instrument based on the comparison of the measurements obtained by two different evaluators on the same day and in the same place (n=30).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3531, "input_1": "Also, student subjects have been used in prior IT EDT studies (e.g., Bhattacherjee & Premkumar, 2004; Spreng & Page, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3532, "input_1": "It was rolled out nationally in 2006 with funding of €55 million, after being successfully piloted in a small number of locations between 2001 and 2004 (Timonen 2004, Timonen et al. 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3533, "input_1": "Our experimental results showed that the weight combination lead to significantly higher classification accuracy, providing additional support to previous studies, which noted the importance of those components for discriminating AD for HC [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3534, "input_1": "…et al. 2015), plasma membrane/cell surface (Borisjuk et al. 1998; Lenartowska et al. 2002; Navazio et al. 2002; Šamaj et al. 2008), plasmodesmata (Baluška et al. 1999; Laporte et al. 2003; Bayer et al. 2004; Chen et al. 2005; Lenartowska et al. 2009; Bilska and Sowiński 2010; Christensen et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3535, "input_1": "Continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic assessment of PAPsys was based on the tricuspid pressure gradient by adding mean right arterial pressure estimated from inferior vena cava diameter and motion during respiration [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3536, "input_1": "pumilus are strongly inhibited by the metallo-protease inhibitor EDTA [11, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3537, "input_1": "Therefore, we used the method described by Choi [4] to correct for the volume of distribution of gadolinium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3538, "input_1": "The data used in this study are from the NYPUM-project [NY (new) Parkinsonism in UMeaÃä] [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3539, "input_1": "Prior studies have demonstrated increased frequencies of antibody responses to Pg in RA patients compared with healthy controls [5,13-16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3540, "input_1": "…mass discharge employ one of three basic approaches: integral pump tests (IPT) [Teutsch et al., 2000; Bockelmann et al., 2001, 2003], multilevel sampling (MLS) [Borden et al., 1997; Einarson and Mackay, 2001], and passive flux meter measurements (PFM) [Hatfield et al., 2004; Annable et al., 2005].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3541, "input_1": "[32] Electrodes for perforated-patch clamp recordings were prepared from thinwalled glass pipettes using a model P-87 micropipette puller (Sutter Instrument Co.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3542, "input_1": "One of the most important factors contributing to the evolution of resistance is the acquisition of mutations during therapy (7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3543, "input_1": "nigrifrons in 1994– 1995 (Knogge and Heymann 2003) and reproductive hormones in male (Huck et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3544, "input_1": "The TMAs were constructed as described previously.(27) In brief, two tissue cores per tumour with a diameter of 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3545, "input_1": "…(Lee and Chun 1998; Lee et al. 2001; Söderman et al. 1994, 1996, 1999; Hjellstrom et al. 2003) and Hahb-4 from sunflower (Gago et al. 2002; Manavella et al. 2006), of which the expression is inducible by drought as well as by abscisic acid (ABA), which plays a central role in regulating…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3546, "input_1": "Studies have shown that alcohol consumption may contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS by diminishing sexual inhibitions and interfering with one’s ability to adequately assess risk (Gordon et al. 1997; MacDonald et al. 2000a, b; Maisto et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3547, "input_1": "sociocultural biases and lead to exploitation of vulnerable women (Karnani, 2007; Hammond and Prahalad, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3548, "input_1": "Based on the adjusted entry means of all genotypes, we applied Ridge Regression Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (RR-BLUP) [43] and BayesC π [33, 44] considering additive and dominance effects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3549, "input_1": "There are two main streams of works and methods that can be listed: 1) exact algorithms on tree graphs [28, 29, 24, 21, 12], 2) ad hoc heuristics approaches without any guarantee for general graphs [27, 24, 23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3550, "input_1": "Multi-conformation continuum electrostatics (MCCE) (Alexov 2003; Alexov and Gunner 1997; Georgescu et al. 2002) method was used to calculate the charges of the ionizable groups.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3551, "input_1": "There are also other issues with monitoring the activities of Web users, which can be found in [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3552, "input_1": "This is contrary to that reported by Jani et al. suggesting that the use O : E LHR as a predictor of neonatal survival is independent of gestational age (Jani et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3553, "input_1": "0 GHz machine with 12 GB of RAM using the GridSim [33] based Alea simulator we have implemented [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3554, "input_1": "The D motif has greater affinity to bind SHP-2, cause cytoskeletal alterations (Higashi et al., 2002a;\nAzuma et al., 2004), and may induce greater levels of IL-8 than the corresponding C motif (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3555, "input_1": "ORW [26] showed that opportunistic routing is also beneficial in duty-cycled data collection networks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3556, "input_1": "In contrast, appearance-based approaches [8, 2, 11] do not aim to recover intrinsic facial features from an image, but rather model the image variability caused by changes in illumination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3557, "input_1": "In order to test for cointegration in our pooled data sets of exchange rate relationships, we apply like Pedroni (1995) the Engle and Granger (1987) two-step procedure on our panel data set.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3558, "input_1": "There are also several other reports of isolation of Cronobacter (from neonatal intensive care units where Cronobacter infections have occurred) and other members of Enterobacteriaceae from reconstituted PIF (Caubilla-Barron & Forsythe 2007; Cawthorn et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3559, "input_1": "cognitive activities [18], performing everyday tasks in private [19, 20] or work environments [21], help coping with impairments [22, 23] and care support.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3560, "input_1": "The results of present study corroborated with the findings of Posmyk et al. (2009), who reported an enhancement in anthocyanin content under Cu stress in red cabbage seedlings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3561, "input_1": "neoformans cells differentiate into enlarged titan cells with a thick cell wall and a highly crosslinked capsule (Feldmesser et al., 2001; Okagaki et al., 2010; Zaragoza et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3562, "input_1": "As reported previously (Summerbell, 1976; Sweeney et al., 1989), there is a proximodistal sequence in the differentiation of both the cartilage and muscle.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3563, "input_1": "Actually, it is not possible to make definitive statements of PSA failure after salvage brachytherapy because of wide variety of PSA definition reported at literature [3-11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3564, "input_1": "with PD (Blin et al. 1990; Hausdorff et al. 1998, 2001; Hausdorff 2005; Schaafsma et al. 2003; Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005), leading one to speculate that a close association exists between gait variability and asymmetry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3565, "input_1": "Prdm1 (encoding Blimp-1) has known roles in effector CD8 and CD4 T cell differentiation (Rutishauser et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2009; Johnston et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3566, "input_1": "This finding is in line with past studies (e.g., Craik et al., 1996) which show that memory performance declines when attention is directed away from the memory task.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3567, "input_1": "Some previous studies reported temporal and spatial variations of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants in China (Chai et al., 2014; Chen and Xie, 2014; Han et al., 2009; Johansson et al., 2007; Karar et al., 2006; Lewne et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Martini et al., 2015; Meng et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2008, 2014d; Zhang et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2013), but detailedly observational data were scarce. Additionally, most of the studies were only limited in one single city or air pollutant. For example, based on dailymean concentrations of PM10, NO2 and SO2 for five fixed-site air monitoring stations in urban area of Guangzhou from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2011, Li et al. (2014) analyzed timescale-dependent relationships between air pollution index (API) and a variety of meteorological factors by the wavelet analysis, and found temperature, RH (relative humidity), precipitation and wind speed were negatively correlated with API. Qu et al. (2010) also studied spatial distribution and interannual variation of PM10 mass concentrations reconstructed from API records over 86 Chinese cities between summer 2000 and winter 2006.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3568, "input_1": "Devore’s polynomials over finite fields[18]; Gao F’s algebraic curves [19]; Amini and Marvasti’s bipolar matrix by BCH code [20] and its generalization [21]; Bourgain’s additive combinatorics[16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3569, "input_1": "The CSC for the visual acuity < 3/60 was 35% in the 1981 NBS [22], 58% in the 1995 survey [24], 85% in an nationwide RAAB survey conducted in 2010 [25], while the CSC of Bhaktapur district in 2006 was reported 90% in BGS [20], Also, the implantation of intraocular lenses in cataract surgery has resulted in better visual outcomes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3570, "input_1": "…the avian auditory forebrain (e.g. see Wild et al., 1993) consist of a large number of small, densely packed somata with average diameters in the range of 5±7 mm (Saini & Leppelsack, 1981; Hose et al., 1987) preventing the isolation of single units in the current study with freely moving animals.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3571, "input_1": "Flat cranial base: Numerous workers have documented the open cranial base angle (platybasia) of DS individuals compared with euploid controls [49, 58, 59, 80, 81].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3572, "input_1": "In general, patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are likely to have PPH (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3573, "input_1": "The Simulated Annealing approach has been proven to be very effective when applied to non convex optimization, for which gradient based algorithms may fail to produce good solutions, Cerný (1985); Marques et al. (1991); A.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3574, "input_1": "If the generating function has up to a finite number of zeros, the use of multigrid methods is significantly more efficient [7,5] .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3575, "input_1": "Matthews et al. (2002) determined that 3–4 days monitoring were required to accurately measure MVPA [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3576, "input_1": "Lennard-Jones interactions were evaluated using a straight 1.2 nm cutoff for Gromos53A6, Gromos54A7, and Berger and a 1.0 nm cutoff for OPLS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3577, "input_1": "has shown distractor suppression to have a much larger effect on capacity than target selection processes (Bettencourt & Somers, 2009; Pylyshyn, 2006; Vogel et al., 2005; Zanto & Gazzaley, 2009), and as the effect on capacity of increasing the number of distractors is correlated between VSTM and MOT tasks, we believe that the resources consumed by", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3578, "input_1": "Despite the inconsistencies in the literature, CVP of 8 mmHg or greater (1, 2, 4) and up to 15 mmHg (14) has been advocated as end points of fluid resuscitation with some success, but these treatments are part of Bbundled care[ (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3579, "input_1": "Among these, nanocarbons are now considered the most promising fillers for the development of high performance materials [28–34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3580, "input_1": "In other amidohydrolases, titration of the apoprotein with the metal ion resulted in rapid binding and a linear relationship between enzymatic activity and the amount of metal added (20, 22, 35).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3581, "input_1": "The results are given in Table 2, where each row refers to the set of tRNA genes for a given amino acid, and each column (from left to right) depicts an increasing number of positions used by CART for predicting the tRNAs’ cognate amino acid identity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3582, "input_1": "Recent publications investigated six healthy volunteers who were administered magnetically labeled extended-release tablets containing felodipine under fasting and fed conditions [8,15–17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3583, "input_1": "ous studies have shown that BMP signaling stimulates Indian hedgehog (Ihh) expression, which in turn increases expression of PTHrP [22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3584, "input_1": "…automatically generates layout information encoding node and reaction centroid coordinates using the FruchtermanReingold (FR) algorithm, which has been shown to be robust in the face of variegated graph topologies and faithfully reproduces the underlying symmetry [Fruchterman and Reingold, 1991].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3585, "input_1": "Thus, the most plausible interpretation of the results obtained in the present work is that the nuclear gene activity plays an important role in the phenotypic manifestation of the MERRF mutation (Lertrit et al., 1992), as has been shown for other disease-causing mtDNA mutations (Harding et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3586, "input_1": "The value of Ea for the pulmonary circulation found here is approximately fourfold lower than the value of Ea for the systemic vasculature of mice published previously (13, 41, 53, 62).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3587, "input_1": "14 unique from political ideologies such as social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, and conservatism, previously shown to be associated with dehumanization (e.g., Costello & Hodson, 2010, 2014; Hodson & Costello, 2007; Kteily et al., 2015) and aggressive intergroup attitudes (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3588, "input_1": "Earlier investigations in Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) samples showed convincing evidence of the role of exposure to a pathogenic environment in predicting plasma CRP levels in Filipinos [9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3589, "input_1": "Recently, peptide fragmentation with tandem mass spectrometry parallel to the standardized MALDI-TOF-MS has emerged as an additional tool which provides enhanced capabilities for peptide sequencing directly from samples such as nervous tissues or even single cells of invertebrates, including those of insects (e.g., Yew et al., 2003; Billimoria et al., 2005; Neupert and Predel, 2005; Nachman et al., 2006; Wegener et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3590, "input_1": "For example, Brelin et al. (2005) showed that individuals within a population of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) were bimodally divergent in behaviour and sympathetic reactivity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3591, "input_1": "Granule cell dispersion is a characteristic structural abnormality in temporal lobe epilepsy (Houser, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3592, "input_1": "Some previous studies reported temporal and spatial variations of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants in China (Chai et al., 2014; Chen and Xie, 2014; Han et al., 2009; Johansson et al., 2007; Karar et al., 2006; Lewne et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Martini et al., 2015; Meng et al., 2009;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3593, "input_1": "Thirty-six peptides with lengths of 9–10mers were designed based on Malaysian circulating DENV strains, using two major histocompatibility complex ligands and peptide motifs databases; SYFPEITHI [17] or RANKPEP [18] (Table S1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3594, "input_1": "(28) for selecting k, as given by Items (5,2) in Table 3, which are improved variants of Item (5,1), previously proposed for RBF net with empirical learning (Xu, 1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3595, "input_1": "…time constants of 280 ns and 300ms led to a unidirectional model of the early photocycle with two different hK states:\nhR1 hn ¡ hKE ¡ hKL ¡ hL ¡ · · ·¡ hR\nThe hKE (early K) and hKL (late K) states were named by analogy with the substates of the early bR photocycle (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3596, "input_1": "…(Figure 4C, left graph, and Figure 4—figure supplement 1), resembling the effect of disrupting mitochondrial fission due to the depletion of Drp1 or INF2 from cells (Bleazard et al., 1999; Labrousse et al., 1999; Wakabayashi et al., 2009; Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3597, "input_1": "For example, most of the marine species that had been subdivided by lower sea levels around the Florida Peninsula still show a strong signal of regional structure, indicating that migration over long distances is insufficient to mix haplotype lineages among populations (Avise, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3598, "input_1": "For the historical data, intra-individual median LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, and HbA1c were used, and the CV of HbA1c (ratio of intrapersonal HbA1c standard deviation [SD]/mean HbA1c) was utilized as a measure of historical HbA1c variability (Waden et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3599, "input_1": "In accordance with previous studies (Haas et al., 2002; Houser, 1990) a GCL width of 160 μmandmorewas considered as GCD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3600, "input_1": "In the case of aversion towards ambiguity, the observed decrease in reservation value is similar to that in Nishimura and Ozaki (2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3601, "input_1": "Hence, the lethality associated with mutations at the locus was suggested to be due to reduction in wg signaling (Haerry et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3602, "input_1": "…of non-genic SNPs. Gene classes were defined according to PharmaADME core list and related gene list (pharmaADME.org), CYP genes metabolizing primarily exogenous or endogenous substrates were defined based on information from the literature (Nebert and Russell 2002; Guengerich 2003; Thomas 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3603, "input_1": "The recovered parameters (Chapter 2) were in\n 142\n accordance with those recovered from midazolam and testosterone hydroxylation in single HIM donors (Paine et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3604, "input_1": "Our approach uses XML [15] to describe accurately multi-level SLAs, as well as to share them among different members of the CloudLend network unambiguously, without the need for any data conversion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3605, "input_1": "Studies have shown that response times are faster on trials when there is an expectation of a reward than on trials when there is none (Murray et al. 2008; Pessiglione et al. 2006), reflecting an increased motivation to obtain rewards.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3606, "input_1": "Wand and Weber [15,16,27] have extended an ontology presented by Bunge [28], and applied it to the modelling of information systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3607, "input_1": "Just by being present in the anemone nonbreeders are potential competitors for reproduction, and they must do something to mitigate this effect given that breeders can evict them (Buston 2003a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3608, "input_1": "Adipocyte diameter measurements were performed using Image Pro imaging software (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD), as recently described (16).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3609, "input_1": "In addition, consistent with the result of our preclinical study, recent clinical study showed that alectinib was also highly active against ALK-positive NSCLC patients after treatment with crizotinib [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3610, "input_1": "…is most likely long lived as the short-\nterm (cosmogenic nuclide) erosion rates are within the range of long-term (thermochronometry) rates, suggesting that there has been no significant change in exhumation rates in the past few million\nyears (Safran et al. 2005, 2006; Wittmann et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3611, "input_1": "When we combine the results of these two studies in pancreatic and gastric cancer patients, we can say that HDL and PON1 levels are lower in cancer patients than in control subjects (Akcay et al., 2003a,b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3612, "input_1": "The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy can be variable between-individual components of a muscle group (Narici et al., 1989, 1996; Housh et al., 1992; Norrbrand et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3613, "input_1": "The circulating HA has also been found to facilitate cancerous cells to escape the immune surveillance [7], and reduce the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, and mitomycin C [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3614, "input_1": "c-Jun-N-Terminal inhibitory kinase JIK and TRAF2 to the stimulated ER stress sensor IRE-1, where TRAF2 can activate ASK-1, an upstream activating kinase of JNK (2) activation of caspase 12, which is released from its", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3615, "input_1": "…are in line with previous research on the use of referential expressions in narratives, which showed similar variations in the use of referential forms linked to different moments or discourse stages (e.g., Van der Lely, 1997; Colle et al., 2008; Hendriks et al., 2014; Contemori and Dussias, 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3616, "input_1": "Our results suggest that the attractiveness genes may express not only during sexual maturation and reproduction but also during earlier life and their expression has antagonistic effects during the early stage [23, 46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3617, "input_1": "Specifically, it appears that Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), especially as expressed by cold tropical temperatures during the La Niña phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have the most direct influence, with Atlantic Ocean SSTs perhaps having an indirect influence through dynamic effects on the atmospheric general circulation (Cook et al. 2011; Kushnir et al. 2010; McCrary and Randall 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3618, "input_1": "There may be many reasons for this bias, not all intentional, but bias can also be indirect, unintentional and ambivalent (Snowden, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3619, "input_1": "” This is a highly reliable prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and is currently being investigated for use in other tumor types [24, 28, 29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3620, "input_1": "8 illustrates a summary for the comparison with the existing bit-split string matching approaches described in [8], [10], and [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3621, "input_1": "Previous studies applying the Quadruple Process model to the IAT, however, have yielded equivocal results (10, 27, 28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3622, "input_1": "In particular, controllers for flying robots have taken inspiration from pheromone communication in ants (Hauert et al., 2008; Kuiper and Nadjm-Tehrani, 2006; Sauter et al., 2005), flocking by birds (Basu et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3623, "input_1": "TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like-2) has been previously linked to T2D, and has been cited as one of the most important signals associated with T2D [51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3624, "input_1": "Then there have been a wide range of research covering a variety of different schemes for undeniable signatures over the past 15 years [7, 1, 9, 8, 19, 14, 18, 25, 4, 17, 16, 22, 3, 26, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3625, "input_1": "To train the model, we optimize cross-entropy loss with stochastic gradient descent using minibatched backpropagation through time (BPTT; Rumelhart et al., 1988; Mikolov, 2012); the minibatch size for BPTT, again tuned on the dev set, is set to 9.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3626, "input_1": "Cognitive impairment is common to both disorders after onset but the magnitude of the impairment seems greater in schizophrenia than in bipolar disorder (22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3627, "input_1": "Its work has been published in a number of journals and at several international conferences ([2], [3], [4]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3628, "input_1": "ygenase gene, behaved the same way as when challenged with 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005), i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3629, "input_1": "The development of mathematical models for evolution of primary quantities of interest in bioreactor systems, as well as their incorporation into the design process, have the potential to accelerate the path to realization of optimal functional outcomes in engineered tissues; see [1] for a review of modeling approaches.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3630, "input_1": "Previous work [8, 2, 11] has demonstrated that a lowdimensional subspace can accurately capture the variation in images of a face resulting from arbitrarily complex variations in illumination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3631, "input_1": "There exist some other techniques for controlling multivariate processes, such as multi-way PCA [7] (Louwerse and Smilde, 2000) and multi-way PLS [8] (Nomikos and MacGregor, 1995), the application of them is to reducing the dimensionality of the variable space for a multivariate process.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3632, "input_1": "PtdIns(3,4)P2 was demonstrated to have a higher affinity for Akt than PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, (14), and in accordance with this finding, several studies have shown that reduction of SHIP2 activity may result in decreased, rather then increased, Akt activity, leading to reduced proliferation and enhanced cell death (15,24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3633, "input_1": "gondii, or in mice that coxsackievirus-B3-induced viral myocarditis (20, 21, 34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3634, "input_1": "It has been postulated that the latter is related to the long evolution of an ACP that leads to a scarring stage [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3635, "input_1": "…leaf litter were transferred into scintillation vials and stored in a solution of ethanol/formalin (70 %/10 % volume,\n which minimized mass loss; Leuven et al. 1985; von Schiller and Solimini 2005) until later identification (generally genus or species level; Tachet et al. 2000; Vieira-Lanero…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3636, "input_1": "SphK1 inhibition, on the other hand, induces ceramide production and cancer cell apoptosis [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3637, "input_1": "The basic SH3-binding motif 163PPSP165 of human securin locates at the C-terminal region of the protein (UniProt: O95997) and can be elongated to an extended motif 163PPSPVK168, which belongs to the class II SH3 binding motif (PxxPx+, where + refers to a positively charged residue) (12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3638, "input_1": "Isolation of cardiomyocytes by standard enzymatic techniques and patch-clamp recordings were performed as described previously [42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3639, "input_1": "Since it has been shown that this modification reduces the binding activity of annexin [8], and also, that all four domains present in anxA5 are necessary for optimal binding affinity [9], it is important to ensure that the binding properties of anxA5 are not impaired by these reactions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3640, "input_1": "Traumatic events were assessed using the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Version 3.0, a fully structured diagnostic interview administered by trained lay interviewers [21], which includes a screen for traumatic events as part of the module for the diagnosis of PTSD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3641, "input_1": "Then, we compare the proposed TTGP method with SVI-GP (Hensman et al. (2013)) on regression tasks and KLSP-GP (Hensman et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3642, "input_1": "Along these zones, actin filaments polymerize, providing the force needed for constriction that floppy ER tubules lack (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3643, "input_1": "The reasons for excluding the toxic endpoints of necrotizing enterocolitis and ROP are that necrotizing enterocolitis and other GI toxicities were proven not to be associated with INDO dose or concentrations [24], and the association of ROP [20] was speculative given the secondary analysis and different treatment populations a priori for different dosing levels used to analyze that aspect of the study [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3644, "input_1": "PX-FERM proteins can then interact with NPxY/NxxY motif containing cargo, and also PDZ binding motif (PDZbm) cargo in the case of SNX27, at the early endosomal membrane (Balana et al., 2011; Bottcher et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2011; Ghai et al., 2013; Ghai et al., 2011; Hayashi et al., 2012; Joubert et al., 2004; Knauth et al., 2005; Lauffer et al., 2010; Lunn et al., 2007; Steinberg et al., 2013; Temkin et al., 2011; Valdes et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3645, "input_1": "Interestingly, actin assembly was also recently revealed to take place at the interior of forming autophagosomes, and to be dependent on the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P; Mi et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3646, "input_1": "Finally, MG624 (a selective antagonist for the chick a7 homomeric receptor) binds the chick a7 subtype with a Ki of 106 nM (Gotti et al., 1998; Maggi et al., 1999), but the Ki of its binding to native a6 receptors is 40 times higher.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3647, "input_1": "The mouse neuronal hybrid cell line MN-1 was cultured and transfected as previously described (Drews et al. 2005), using 50 ng of test plasmid, 10 ng of control plasmid (pRLSV40, Promega), and the Fugene 6 transfection reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3648, "input_1": "This quiescence of tSCs was surprising because they are normally activated and extend processes when nerve contact is lost (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992; Son and Thompson, 1995b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3649, "input_1": "3B), MBD1–3 and MBD5–6 act as two independent structural units and the orientation of MBD1-3 agrees with the data from recent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments (Yu et al. 2017b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3650, "input_1": "This observation is highly interesting in light of the known prosurvival effect of sCLU (51) and the fact that high levels of gastrin over prolonged time periods, hypergastrinemia, is known to have a trophic effect on the gastric mucosa (59).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3651, "input_1": "Frequently, a Vincentizing procedure is used to construct group RT distributions from individual RT distributions (Ratcliff, 1979; Van Zandt, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3652, "input_1": "In many documents in medical literature (e.g. MEDLINE), one can find the elements of the PICO structure, but rarely explicitly annotated (Dawes et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3653, "input_1": "Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). To assay for the explression of E-cadherin by rat PT cells, immunofluorescence distribution of the protein was investigated on confluent monolayers of WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells. Monolayers demonstrated the typical pattern of E-cadherin expression at the cell borders (Fig. 1A). Expression of the E-cadherin protein in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells was further confirmed by immunoblotting, where Biometals (2007) 20:807–820 811", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3654, "input_1": "…reportedly have bacterial activity which could justify their relevance in treatment of TB. Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Rutaceae families have also been mentioned by several authors to be most used by local communities (Ugulu et al., 2009; Ssegawa and Kasenene, 2007; Yineger and Yewhalaw, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3655, "input_1": "There exists a deadlock in the system when there is a set of processes waiting for resources held by other processes in the same set [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3656, "input_1": "…note, our results indicate disrupted fiber integrity (FA decreases) and disrupted tissue microstructures (MD increases) in schizophrenia that concur with results of previous histopathologic studies where abnormalities in oligodendrocyte function have been reported [Uranova et al., 2001, 2004].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3657, "input_1": "…FAST2 o form an ARF (Chen et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; Zhou et al., 1998) which acts as a transcriptional activator to regulate gene expression (Liu et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; reviewed in Attisano and Wrana, 1998; Kretzschmar and Massagué, 1998; Heldin et al., 1997; Whitman, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3658, "input_1": "[19] System Task support, tools Older adults Location, activities Sensors, camera, GPS User-based, route, interface, content Concept", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3659, "input_1": "In contrast, in newly formed CNV lesions, significant leakage may have been evident on angiography but minimal fluid may have accumulated within or below the retina as a result of compensatory removal of fluid by a still relatively functional RPE [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3660, "input_1": "We then apply PVI to three probabilistic models: the Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM; Antoniak, 1974; Escobar and West, 1995; Fearnhead, 2004), the infinite HMM (iHMM; Beal et al., 2002; Teh et al., 2006), and the Ising model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3661, "input_1": "Most animal and plant D-type cyclins have the amino acid motif LxCxE near their amino terminus which is required for binding to the RBR protein (Ewen et al. 1993; Soni et al. 1995; Menges et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3662, "input_1": "Another population of Astyanax eigenmanniorum, from Caetano stream, Uberlandia/MG, analyzed by Torres-Mariano and Morelli (2008), showed a formula of 14m + 18sm + 10st + 6a, constituted by a greater number of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes (32), compared with the results obtained in this…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3663, "input_1": "Existing complexity measures for concurrent algorithms typically consider the worst case [1, 3], and in rare instances the best case [4, 10], when estimating the number of steps required for an operation executed by a process to terminate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3664, "input_1": "Identity begins to take shape during adolescence, but, with the incorporation of new life experiences, is continually modified throughout adulthood (McLean, 2008). Theories of identity maintain that individuals engage in particular actions to confirm their own identities and that social role expectations are internalized and demonstrated through behavior (Stryker & Burke, 2000). Most historical models of adult development that are discussed in the literature are based on research with all-male subjects or were written from a male vantage point (Caffarella & Olson, 1993). Factors that most meaningfully impact the identities of older women are unacknowledged in these models (Price, 1998). Such models, including work by Erikson (1982), stress D ow nl oa de d by [ M cG ill U ni ve rs ity L ib ra ry ] at 2 0: 35 0 5 Fe br ua ry 2 01 5", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3665, "input_1": "…high mean concentration of Fe in leafy green plants was lower than the concentrations (140, 292.35 and 601.9 mg/kg) obtained by Brar et al. (2000) in India; Yadav et al. (2013) in India; and Al-Jaboobi et al. (2014) in Morocco for leafy green plants irrigated with groundwater, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3666, "input_1": "The present experiment also calculated sensitivity by using the modified Davison and Tustin (1978) equations proposed by Lie and Alsop (2007; 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3667, "input_1": "Fish abundance at each site was estimated using multiple-pass depletion methods (Hayes et al. 2007), val-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3668, "input_1": "However, the scores from the max may be incomparable, and are often calibrated on a validation set to increase performance (Platt, 1999; Lin et al, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3669, "input_1": "As in our recent works [24, 29, 31], we consider the following potential [44, 45] with a Cα chain representation and favorable pairwise native-centric interactions:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3670, "input_1": "Background It is estimated that, at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more than 10 % of patients have one or two risk factors for foot disease, such as peripheral neuropathy (PN) or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3671, "input_1": "Ten years after the relevant work of Kozlowski et al., young post-communist democracies would appear to be incapable of defying this deeply rooted scientific/technical model. In a much more recent study, Vinkler (1998) encounters similar conducts in a comparison of Western Europe, the USA and Japan, with the scientific situation of countries from Central and Eastern Europe (excepting the former USSR).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3672, "input_1": "Genes coding for proteins with the GG(D/E)EF and E(A/V)L sequence motifs were identified with PSI-BLAST [38] using reference sequences available at NCBI Gene Entrez [39] [See Additional file 1], against the three K. pneumoniae genomes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3673, "input_1": "This indicates that instabilities similar to those observed in the maize MuDR sequence (Hershberger et al. 1991) do not occur in the case of the rice OsMu element.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3674, "input_1": "Table 2: Per-class and average F1 scores (in %) of the models on the KITTI dataset (Ros et al. 2015; Kundu et al. 2014)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3675, "input_1": "Oxidative stress present in insulin resistant obese subjects may worsen the angiotoxicity of homocysteine thus increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis [8, 9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3676, "input_1": "from the local row bu er (read or write), and iii) clearing the local row bu er (precharging) [14, 37, 38, 66, 76, 77, 78].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3677, "input_1": "D and 3-CB has been confirmed (Kasberg et al., 1995; Laemmli et al., 2000, 2004; Pérez-Pantoja et al., 2000; Plumeier et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3678, "input_1": "Since 2000, arctic ground squirrel populations in the boreal forest have remained low and in some locations have been extirpated (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3679, "input_1": "The first-round PCR products were used directly in a second round of PCR using primers 2B and F (Hatada et al., 2010; Shibata et al., 2007; Yoshimura et al., 2006, 2010b) for gp120, IN 2F (59-CTGGCATGGGTACCAGCACACAA-39) and IN 2R (39-CCTAGTGGGATGTGTACTTCTGAACTTA-39) for IN, and IN 2F and F for…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3680, "input_1": "This explanation is consistent with the observation that Swiss mice were unable to respond to surgical removal of some of their mammary tissue by elevation of milk production in the remaining tissue (Hammond et al., 1996) which is also consistent with the peripheral limitation hypothesis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3681, "input_1": "A method based on optimizing the training data likelihood, such as Morfessor (Creutz and Lagus, 2002; Creutz and Lagus, 2007; Virpioja et al., 2013), ensures that common phenomena are modeled more accurately, for example by using full forms for highly-frequent words even if they consist of multiple morphemes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3682, "input_1": "Poincaré plots were constructed from the R–R interval data for each participant (Carrasco et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3683, "input_1": "in the contractile apparatus and the receptors, extracellular matrix protein deposition, and fibrosis in the smooth muscle cells [6–8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3684, "input_1": "responsible on their own, and consider policy intervention a more effective solution (Chatterji and Listokin, 2007; Fleming and Jones, 2013; Karnani, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3685, "input_1": "[17] and earlier studies, that there is indeed an active (transcellular) component to oxalate absorption in the large intestine and this is represented by DRA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3686, "input_1": "Unfortunately slight misinferences in the orientation of SNPs would artificially increase the amount of high frequency derived alleles (Williamson et al., 2005; Eyre-Walker et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3687, "input_1": "Glucose uptake was assessed in intact soleus muscle, a small thin slow-twitch muscle, incubated without or with insulin (60 nmol/l) as described previously [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3688, "input_1": "Furthermore, microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancers generally have a better prognosis and relatively rarely metastasize, yet around 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers are MSI (12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3689, "input_1": "We compare the proposed classification algorithm (denoted as “CoLiBRi” for “Concept Lattice-Based Rule-learner”) with Scikit-learn [12] implementations of CART [2], Random Forest [1] and kNN on several datasets from the UCI machine learning repository.1\n 1 http://repository.seasr.org/Datasets/UCI/csv/\n We used Gini impurity as a criterion for rule selection and MDL [3] for continuous feature discretization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3690, "input_1": "We therefore contrast our work with state-of-the-art MI optimization algorithms included in the previously mentioned General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) (Bussieck and Meeraus, 2004) commercial algorithm suite as well as the Mixed-Integer Evolution Strategy (MIES) (Li et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3691, "input_1": "The general conclusions have been that a bead beating step is needed, and the FastDNA spin kit for soil has been recommended due to general high yield and purity [10,12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3692, "input_1": "This may be due to the role of lysosomes in parvovirus-induced cell death, since the NAD /NADH system is involved in electron transport and acidification in these organelles (9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3693, "input_1": "The resected specimens were classified as either low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei or high-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei on pathologic evaluation by experienced peritoneal malignancy pathologist.(8) Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien– Dindo classification.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3694, "input_1": "On the one hand, our findings are consistent with results from experimental animal studies that described environmental effects of early life stress on inflammation levels (Cole et al., 2012, Delpech et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3695, "input_1": "We measured the diameters of\nterminal portion of the ICA; C7 segment (origin from posterior communicating artery to the bifurcation of the ICA) [31] on source image of TOF MRA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3696, "input_1": "Antibodies recognizing mammalian homologs of katanin also recognize large microtubule-dependent structures surrounding γ-tubulin foci at spindle poles in several cell types and, in addition, recognize a smaller microtubule-independent focus at the centrosome in some cell types (McNally and Thomas, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3697, "input_1": "Although Hh signaling by SMOH was reported to be required in a chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease (Dierks et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2009), it was found to be dispensable for the development of acute leukemias induced by either the Received 3 November 2009; revised 20 April 2010; accepted 20 May 2010; published online 5 July 2010 Correspondence: Dr TN Hartmann or Professor R Greil, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg 5020, Austria.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3698, "input_1": "Reported t-statistics are based on robust standard errors estimated using the Huber (1967) – White (1980) procedure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3699, "input_1": "…plasticity deficits in hMT mice HFS of glutamatergic afferents led to the induction of robust LTD\nin MSNs in both coronal and parasagittal slices from NT mice,\nsimilar in magnitude and duration to that reported previously in mouse brain slices (Goldberg et al., 2005; Bonsi et al., 2008)\n(Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3700, "input_1": "On the other hand, negative regulation of flavonoidspecific genes by R2R3-MYB or R3-MYB proteins have also been reported in some species (Aharoni et al. 2001; Paolocci et al. 2011; Dubos et al. 2008; Matsui et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3701, "input_1": ", 2002) and whose uptake is involved in the long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission and may therefore affect synaptic plasticity (Sergeeva et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3702, "input_1": "In this paper, AAUC is computed over the first 15 recall points:\n AAUC = 1\n 15 · 15∑ i=1 Precision(i).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3703, "input_1": "Relationship satisfaction was assessed using Funk and Rogge’s (2007) four-item measure of relationship satisfaction. These items measured satisfaction with the participant’s romantic partner (e.g., “How rewarding is your relationship with your partner?” and “I have a warm and comfortable relationship with my partner”). The items were summed to create an index of relationship satisfaction (α = .92). Communal strengths were measured using a 10-item measure developed by Mills, Clark, Ford, and Johnson (2004). The α for the current sample was .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3704, "input_1": "Rabbits were divided into three groups: group 1 (sham), animals were anesthetized for 40 min, but no other intervention was performed prior to blood-draw; group 2 (rIPC), remote ischemic preconditioning was induced through four cycles of 5 min of hindlimb ischemia (via a tourniquet), followed by 5 min of reperfusion as previously described [2]; and group 3, electroacupuncture (EA) was applied bilaterally with one needle at the P6 Neiguan point (located on the medial forelimb 1/6 the length of the line from the wrist to the elbow between the radius and ulna) and the other needle at P5 (Jianshi point).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3705, "input_1": "…or undermine the autoimmunity hypothesis (Kierszenbaum 1986, 1999, 2003, 2005; Eisen and Kahn 1991; Avila 1992; Fernandez et al. 1992; Kalil and CunhaNeto 1996; Brener and Gazzinelli 1997; Andrade 1999; Soares et al. 2001; Leon and Engman 2001, 2002; Gironés and Fresno 2003; Gironés et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3706, "input_1": "For the CIFAR-10 dataset, the DNN architecture adopted by Carlini and Wagner is not state-of-the-art. erefore, we do not adopt their DNN architecture for the CIFAR-10 dataset.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3707, "input_1": "identified in the literature for nano-foods from a survey with a convenience sample in Switzerland (Siegrist et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3708, "input_1": "These include issues such as the internalisation and pricing of knowledge assets (Markusen, 1984; 2002), the advantages of horizontal (Horstmann and Markusen, 1992; Markusen and Venables, 2000) and vertical integration (Aghion and Tirole, 1997; Grossman and Hart, 1986), and the advantages of subcontracting and licensing versus FDI (Ethier and Markusen, 1996; Helpman and Grossman, 2002; Horstmann and Markusen, 1987; Markusen, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3709, "input_1": "Horizontal CSTN and transverse spinal cord slices (L4-L6) from 2 to 4 weeks old rats were prepared using methods similar those previously described [52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3710, "input_1": "To determine the significance of the change from baseline of each lipid species, subclass, and class during the postprandial period (for dairy or soy meals) we performed the nonparametric Friedman test on the plasma concentration values and corrected for multiple comparisons by using the Benjamini-Hochberg method (23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3711, "input_1": "section 3, excels for different types of applications and network constraints as discussed in [3], [23], [21], [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3712, "input_1": "tumor progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3713, "input_1": "These different estimates were mostly smaller than those reported by Trail et al. (1991b) in a governmental ranch of N Dama cattle in Gabon (PCV heritabilities at 0.64).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3714, "input_1": "Huett et al. (2005) compared nitrogen and phosphorus removal from plant nursery runoff in vegetated SSF CWs and unvegetated filters in Australia, and reported that removal efficiency for planted wetlands increased from 63.4 and 69.1% for TN and NO3–", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3715, "input_1": ", 2009), particularly at altitudes less than 2 km, but found the overprediction to correlate with HCHO concentrations, indicating missing reactive VOCs in the model (Mao et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3716, "input_1": "A decrease in stocking rate would result in further improvements in ecological integrity (Jansen et al. 1999; Fondell and Ball 2004; Martin and Possingham 2005; Dennis et al. 2008; Powell 2008; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3717, "input_1": ", 2002), the relationship between upslope pore pressure dynamics and hillslope discharge (Uchida et al., 2004) or event water ratio (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3718, "input_1": "Comparisons in inclusion criteria, screening parameters, and results of LDCT screening for lung cancer are summarized in Table 3 (22-26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3719, "input_1": "The changes in glucose uptake in muscle and adipose cells overexpressing PED are accompanied by inhibition of insulin-dependent translocation of GLUT4, the major insulin-responsive glucose transporter (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3720, "input_1": "western blots were developed with Odyssey CLx Infrared Imaging Systems (LI-COR, USA) [42, 60, 61].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3721, "input_1": "Animals, chemicals, and antibodies All animals and chemicals used were previously described in Omezzine et al. (2003) and Bozec et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3722, "input_1": "The age of giant nupDNA fragment A was calculated by dividing the corrected K value of type 2 substitutions (see Results) by the absolute substitution rate of the synonymous sites in the nuclear genes of rice (Ramakrishna et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3723, "input_1": "Sarriot et al. (2004a) recommend moving assessment of organizational viability beyond its financial dimension.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3724, "input_1": "Constant comparison is a data analysis strategy that involves moving back and forth between the data and the scene of study comparing incident to incident until categories emerge (Beck, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3725, "input_1": "Renin inhibitors bind to the active site of renin and inhibit its binding to angiotensinogen, which is the rate‐determining step of the RAS cascade and, consequently, prevents the formation of Ang I and Ang II (36).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3726, "input_1": "Regarding camera sensors, the work of Jung et al (2014) explores information from a depthcamera, while a monocular camera is employed in (Wu et al 2009; Costante et al 2013), and an omnidirectional one in (Ullah et al 2008; Yuan et al 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3727, "input_1": "This session also helps to decrease the number of trials in the formal TMS sessions since the critical SSD does not then have to be obtained during the TMS trials and there is then a better chance to observe the effects of TMS (see also Chambers et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3728, "input_1": "Specifically, the autonomous vehicle segmentation dataset KITTI (Ros et al. 2015) is used, augmented with 49 additional train images by (Kundu et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3729, "input_1": "For the wild-type receptor, the P119L mutant, the F122G mutant, and the T197A mutant, stably transfected cell lines were selected and assessed, as previously described (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3730, "input_1": "Enzymatic activity of purified NS2B(H)-NS3pro was assayed against commercially available synthetic peptide substrates containing either three non-prime side residues, Boc-GRR-amc and Boc-LRR-amc; four residues, Ac-nKRR-amc, Ac-nKRR-amc; and five residues, Pyr-RTKR-amc, and a previously described internally quenched DEN NS3 substrate, Abz-(R)4SAGnY-amide [22] (all purchased from Peptides International, KY, USA).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3731, "input_1": "Differences between central (aortic) and brachial BP could be clinically important, as central BP is more closely correlated with target organ damage in hypertension [4]; is differentially influenced by antihypertensive therapy compared with brachial BP [5]; and may be a superior predictor of cardiovascular events than brachial BP [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3732, "input_1": "The results obtained in our study agree with previous clinical observations that have failed to detect a link between administration of exogenous glutamate and clinical neurological injury in association with cardiac surgery.(11,12) The results also argue against a role for exogenous glutamate in the evolution of subclinical neurological injury.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3733, "input_1": "…and Kockelkorn, 2006a, Damala and Kockelkorn, 2006b, Damala,\n2007a, Damala, 2007b, Oppermann and Sprecht, 1998, Santoro et al., 2007) and “nomadic\ndevices” (Brelot et al., 2005, Damala et al., 2005, Hsi, 2004, Vlahakis et al., 2005) are other\nvariations often enough used in the relevant literature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3734, "input_1": "…genetic variation, but the disease phenotype does not only result from functional alteration of the affected gene product, perturbations rather spread along the links of the underpinning cellular networks (Schadt 2009; Barabási et al 2011; Menche et al 2015; Piñero et al 2016; Caldera et al 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3735, "input_1": "[37] Scores were described continuously from 0 to 27 to measure depression severity and also classified dichotomously as major depression (score .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3736, "input_1": "Bork et al. (2010) reported that highly significant differences in methylation patterns were observed at specific CpG sites, such as those near homeobox genes between early and late cultures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3737, "input_1": "instance, are also important barriers to this activity (Davison et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3738, "input_1": "For example, in Table 2 BCR dataset is cross validated with\nthree feature sets obtained from Lancet, CCR and 70-gene signature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3739, "input_1": "…to a single transcript (e.g., reads originating from constitutive exons) or even to unique genomic locations, transcript- and gene-expression levels can only be estimated with some degree of certainty, that is, with estimation error (Jiang and Wong, 2009; Turro et al., 2011; Trapnell et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3740, "input_1": "5 mm,[6,13] absence of communications of both SIEVs crossing the abdominal midline,[6,13] absence of direct communications by perforators between the SIEV and the deep inferior epigastric vein (DIEV),[6] number of perforators of the flap,[5] and subcutaneous tissue thickness.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3741, "input_1": "We confirmed the data of others that proliferating basal cells appear in patches or clusters (Moulton et al., 1970; Graziadei and Monti Graziadei, 1979; Monti Graziadei and Graziadei, 1979; Suzuki and Takeda, 1993; Huard and Schwob, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3742, "input_1": "We do not conclude from our results that neither factor ever plays a role; after all, the possible effects of both had been demonstrated previously (Seeley, 1986; Seeley and Tovey, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3743, "input_1": "Moreover, the value of t1/2 after i.v. administration of MBF was similar (13.78 h) to a previous report (Yohannes et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3744, "input_1": "After testis irradiation, hypomethylation of retrotransposed interspersed repeat elements (LINEs and SINEs) was found in the offspring (Filkowski et al., 2010) next to lower levels of the methylated CpG binding protein MeCP2 and the DNA homologous recombination\nAssisted reproduction and epigenetic…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3745, "input_1": "heterozygote advantage due to heterotic selection (Clegg, 1980; Rüter et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3746, "input_1": "modeled in terms of CA, including the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction [1,2], the Turing system [3], a precipitating BZ system for computation of Voronoi diagram [4,5], and", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3747, "input_1": "A retrospective cohort study abstracted medical records of 45,308 Medicare beneficiaries with AMI.(87) Of these, 7.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3748, "input_1": "GC content for each gene was obtained from the Conditional Quantile Normalization R package for 15 277 genes (17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3749, "input_1": "It has been previously reported that the blockage of the replication machinery can lead to uncoupling of leading and lagging strand synthesis, resulting in the generation of ssDNA, which in turn will be occupied by RPA, an SSB (38, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3750, "input_1": "The methodology is primarily influenced by the Grounded Theory approach, which has been used successfully in previous studies (Jones, 2004; Orlikowski & Iacono, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3751, "input_1": "Deficits were more pronounced in the right than in the left hemisphere (Ballmaier et al, 2004c), implying a possible involvement of abnormalities in inter-hemispheric information transfer in late-onset depression (Kumar et al, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3752, "input_1": "Based on the new results and previous findings (12, 21, 22), we propose a functional model for CmeR in which it binds to target DNA via its N-terminal HTH motif and interacts with various inducing signals via its large ligand-binding pocket located in the Cterminal region.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3753, "input_1": "In trials with zebra ®nches, the numbers of sperm collected using false cloacas (Pellatt and Birkhead 1994) are similar to those produced by natural copulations determined by comparing the number of sperm in the seminal glomera of males that had or had not recently copulated (Birkhead et al. 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3754, "input_1": "These studies showed that expression of miR-99a could reduce the expression of a number of proto-oncogenes by targeting their 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) [8-13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3755, "input_1": "Bacterial strains, plasmids, and media\nEscherichia coli JM109 (Yanisch-Perron et al. 1985) and pGEM-T Easy (Promega, Madison, USA) were used in routine gene manipulation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3756, "input_1": "…proteins initially has been demonstrated in tissue culture model systems of adipogenesis and hematopoiesis (Lin and Lane 1992; Freytag et al. 1994; Hu et al. 1995; Müller et al. 1995; Nerlov et al. 1998) and has now been firmly established through analysis of the respective knockout mice…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3757, "input_1": "The 2 cycles/letter formula [16,17] suggests that the most important spatial frequency content of these letters is :2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3758, "input_1": "At present, pulmonary fibrosis model can be constructed by several methods, including paraquat and amiodarone [21, 22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3759, "input_1": "org variability in parasites (Pieniazek et al. 1999; Chicharro, Jimenez and Alvar, 2003; Pratlong et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3760, "input_1": "brood size), while males tend to increase their amount of care with increasing work load (Santos and Nakagawa 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3761, "input_1": "How ever, in recent years, X linked genes have been shown to be expressed in both parental chromosomes in the human placenta (Moreira de Mello et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3762, "input_1": "Therefore, the risk of selection bias and confounding is greater than in a review of RCTs [58].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3763, "input_1": "The large majority of T6SS genes (12 out of 17), including VipA, VipB, ClpV, VasF and VasK, are required for Hcp secretion, killing of amoeba and bacteria and are predicted to encode structural T6SS components [9,12,20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3764, "input_1": "However, the clinical value of CA125 as a marker of ovarian cancer is low, due to its expression in non-malignant or non-ovarian malignant conditions (Tuxen et al, 1995; Meyer and Rustin, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3765, "input_1": "The quality of physician–patient communication has been associated with patient adherence to treatment (Zolnierek & Dimatteo, 2009), uptake of cancer screening (Carcaise-Edinboro & Bradley, 2008), improved blood pressure control in hypertensive patients (Orth, Stiles, Scherwitz, Hennrikus, & Vallbona, 1987), and reductions in the risk of serious medical error (Kuzel et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3766, "input_1": "ly), which have been originally identified as molecules activated by growth factor-stimulation of fibroblusts, are key kinases in the intracellular signal transduction pathways (1-6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3767, "input_1": "Bacterial strains and growth conditions Listeria monocytogenes EGDe was used for all experiments except for the D-alanine auxotrophy experiments, which were performed with L.monocytogenes strain DP-L3506 [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3768, "input_1": "These finding are consistent with the findings of other studies of Hispanic mothers [12,13,23] and parents [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3769, "input_1": "Partial or complete deletion of CS2, as in the case of ABF1 (1-643) and (1-638), doubled the plasmid loss rate of pARS1 (compare column 1 with columns 5 and 7 in Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3770, "input_1": "The hypothesis that GBI scores differ from 0 (with 0 meaning no effect of the operation on HRQOL) was tested by the t test for independent samples (> = 0.05).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3771, "input_1": "…proteins like PLA2, three-finger toxins, etc. have evolved via mutations targeted around their functional domains while the structural residues are constrained and maintain a highly conserved scaffold (Mackessy 2002; Kini 2004; Fry et al. 2006, 2008; Yamazaki and Morita 2007; Doley et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3772, "input_1": "The upregulated PDHC expression level upon ND was in line with the previous findings that upregulation of PDHCmediated acetylCoA synthesis contributed to the augmented TAG accumulation (Li et al. 2014b; Jia et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3773, "input_1": "…into 34 different gyral regions per hemisphere, for each of which a mean cortical thickness value was calculated (Desikan et al. 2006; Fischl et al. 2004b) Automated Freesurfer subcortical parcellation was employed to extract volumes for the amygdala, hippocampus, whole brain grey…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3774, "input_1": "[14] collected misinformation automatically in order to prevent false information from spreading through social media.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3775, "input_1": "In one recent study using the tractography applying constrained spherical deconvolution to investigate a total of 43 patients\nwith ADHD, Silk et al. (2016) found a significant lateralization to the left for fractional anisotropy (FA, a DTI measurement) in the putamen tracts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3776, "input_1": "loss was tested in the context of overexpression of the oncogene NRAS and a short hairpin against p53, because ATRX mutation by itself is not associated with cancer development in humans (12), and glial tumors with ATRX mutations almost always include TP53 mutations (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3777, "input_1": ", 2012), and other studies have indicated that the fornix is affected in Pick’s disease, FTD with tau mutation, or TAR-DNA-binding protein43 type C pathology, but not for FTD caused by a progranulin mutation or with fused-in-sarcoma protein accumulation (Rohrer et al., 2011; Hornberger et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3778, "input_1": "Therefore, the relay layout is of great importance in the cooperative wireless-powered systems [16, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3779, "input_1": "Furthermore, the quality of RNA may vary significantly with each extraction and during experimentation resulting in a constant requirement for monitoring of RNA quality (Schroeder et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3780, "input_1": "Other studies suggest that altering affinity to FcRn might alter the bioavailability of mAbs (Deng et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2012), and SC bioavailability appears lower in FcRn-deficient mice as compared to wild type animals (Wang et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3781, "input_1": "Also, HA can interact with various cellular receptors, including CD44, RHAMM, and LYVE-1, to promote angiogenesis [6], as well as the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumors [7-9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3782, "input_1": "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed as previously described (8, 10, 22, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3783, "input_1": "The use of GDNF and GFRa1 to trigger RET downstream pathways is in accordance with other previously published reports [36,48] and also relies on the fact that GDNF is the strongest activator of RET signaling in enteric glial cells upon a number of physiological and pathological events[55].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3784, "input_1": "These observations are in agreement with the studies of pcy mice model by Okada et al, showing that both cystic epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts express higher levels of collagens compared to normal controls [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3785, "input_1": "This finding is similar to those reported in colonization screening by other authors [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3786, "input_1": "Sensitivity analysis revealed that 11 independent studies were the main source of heterogeneity[21,26–29,31–36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3787, "input_1": "FGF23 Activates FGFR4 and PLCg Signaling in the Absence of a-Klotho To study FGF-FGFR-dependent signaling, we used HEK293 cells that express all FGFR isoforms but lack a-klotho (data not shown), similar to cardiac myocytes (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3788, "input_1": "Despite the lower number of patches utilized, this study will use slightly larger sample sizes of dispersed seedlings than Grivet et al. (2009), incorporating subsequent improvements in genotypic assignment (Smouse et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3789, "input_1": "The design framework of nonlinear single-rate sampled-data systems has been given and several design methods of stabilizing controllers have been discussed ([4], [8], [9], [10], [11]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3790, "input_1": "40-Hz band of the R-wave–Rwave-interbeat interval series using CMet cardiac metric software (Allen et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3791, "input_1": "Support vector machines, developed by Vapnic, are based on the statistical learning theory [8] and recognized as an efficient and powerful regression and time series prediction technique.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3792, "input_1": "[1] reported net cumulative discontinuation rates for bleeding problems of 6 per 100 women during the first year of contraceptive use, increasing to 10 per 100 women during the third year.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3793, "input_1": "Total RNAs for cDNA synthesis were isolated using a combination of CTAB extraction and the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen Valencia, CA USA) as previously described for basal angiosperms [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3794, "input_1": "Given the more superior position of foramen cecum relative to nasion, the equivalent basion-sella-nasion angle would actually be even lower, placing LB1 ~3 SD below the average DS value reported in [58].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3795, "input_1": "Thus, the Andean uplift greatly influenced biodiversity organization in South America (Gentry 1982; Hoorn et al. 1995, 2010; Jørgensen & Le onY anez 1999; Antonelli et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3796, "input_1": "Earlier works have evaluated these measures for other tasks such as influence maximization [13], or selecting gatekeeper nodes [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3797, "input_1": "…the roughly 4-fold enhanced DNA methyltransferase activity conferred by Dnmt3amERe, which is reminiscent of the finding that the methylation-status of the vast majority of CpG islands in SV40-transformed human fibroblasts was unaffected despite 50-fold overexpression of Dnmt1 (Feltus et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3798, "input_1": "Using the algorithms from Schneider (2016, 2014) or from Section 6 (or enhanced telescoping algorithms from Schneider, 2005a, 2008, 2010c, 2015) we can now compute a basis of V (( f1, . . . , fd), E), and can decide if there exists a g ∈ E and (c1, . . . , cd) ∈Kd \\ {0} such that (6.2) holds.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3799, "input_1": "Hendricks et al. had suggested that “topic shift crucially requires speakers to take into account the listener’s perspective” (p. 395, Hendriks et al., 2014), which would result in the use of definite NPs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3800, "input_1": "These results, together with previous findings [49], indicate that adiponectin and its receptors, especially ADIPOR2, play an important role in regulating fasting plasma triglyceride levels, and that they could have a potential role in VLDL metabolism.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3801, "input_1": "Recently, a novel method called minimal distance maximization (MDM) [12,13] was developed which does not require any weighting function.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3802, "input_1": "The third category of techniques uses local spatio-temporal features [16, 27, 14, 8, 22] which have recently become a very popular video representation method for action recognition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3803, "input_1": "The searching ranges for k and m are as follows: k 2 [1,100] and m 2 [1,10] for the Wieslaw dataset, k 2 [1,100] and m 2 [1,100] for the Australian dataset.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3804, "input_1": "The E5 protein potentiates viral gene expression and enhances the malignant transformation properties of E6 and E7, which are major transforming proteins of HPV infected cells [3–8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3805, "input_1": "Additional support for Öhman’s view comes from electromyographic and neuroimaging studies of unconscious processing of masked facial expressions (Morris et al., 1998; Whalen et al., 1998; Dimberg, 2000; Dimberg et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3806, "input_1": "Despite the very high human density at its eastern edge, the forest is inside the UMNP and is generally well protected (Rovero et al. 2012); 2) Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (US, 314 km) which also covers the steep, east-facing escarpment rising from the Kilombero Valley, and is characterized by continuous cover from lowland, deciduous forest to evergreen moist montane forest.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3807, "input_1": "…important role of intragenic and possibly intergenic recombination for the origin of MHC sequence polymorphism is accumulating from population sequence data (Langefors et al. 2001b; Richman et al. 2001, 2003), supporting direct experimental observation using sperm typing (Högstrand and Böhme 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3808, "input_1": "After 30 min, ATP was added as described in step 2; (5) steps 3 and 4 were repeated sequentially using the desired immobilized di- or tri- blocks; (6) after three washing steps with buffer B and 3 more with buffer A, the synthesized chain was released with either SfiI (New England Biolabs) to allow subcloning in the shuttle plasmid pAPG10, or by sequential SfaNI, wash, BbvI digestions to allow subcloning in plasmids already containing a TALEN scaffold.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3809, "input_1": "Benthic foraminiferal assemblage composition is mainly determined by the interplay between organic flux, bottom and pore water oxygenation, and species competition [van der Zwaan et al., 1999; Murray, 2006; Jorissen et al., 2007].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3810, "input_1": "In contrary to the previous study [4] where they have considered driven atomic coherence, we consider the injected atomic coherence where the three-level cascade atoms are initially prepared in coherent superposition of the top and bottom levels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3811, "input_1": "Thus, we could presume these effects were a result of a specific activation via TLR-2 ligand, excluding a role mediated by TLR-4 [28-29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3812, "input_1": "Understanding variation in infection avoidance behaviors therefore provides an important functional link between the neurological, behavioral and immunological processes that together govern the spread of disease.(12)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3813, "input_1": "5–2% in Korea [3, 10] and those patients having glaucoma concurrently with visual impairments, the absolute amounts of selected samples are not that a lot.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3814, "input_1": "A recently published study (23) has also found that even when bacterial numbers returned to normal levels after antibiotic treatment, mice still remained more susceptible to Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3815, "input_1": "Previous studies in basic training [18,19] and studies in the civilian sector [20,21] have shown that as physical activity increases so does the incidence of injuries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3816, "input_1": "where posterior distributions of the vector h and its covariance matrix are derived from the posterior distributions of the vector z and its covariance matrix (Prince and Elder, 2007) which we will find later at the E-step:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3817, "input_1": "High throughput genotyping of a total of 86 SNPs in the ATF6, FABP1, LPIN2, LPIN3, MLXIPL and MTTP genes was performed using an Illumina Beadstation Genotyping System along with other SNPs that served different genetic analyses within the DiOGenes project.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3818, "input_1": "Hemorrhage causes a biphasic response in SNA, HR, and vascular resistance, with an initial increase and subsequent reduction in these variables (26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3819, "input_1": "The SEER dataset covers approximately 26 % of the United States from 17 cancer registries [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3820, "input_1": "A full description of the development and validation of the relationship quality assessment tool used by YEP is available elsewhere [1, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3821, "input_1": "In order to identify the venom proteins responsible for the perturbation of the blood pressure, the Scorpio maurus palmatus (Smp) venom was separated by column chromatography on Sephadex G-50 gel (Figure 2) [7,9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3822, "input_1": "These receptors are also GPCRs [66], which are desensitized by the phosphorylation by GRK.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3823, "input_1": "All data were analysed using general linear models implemented in the R statistical 228 package (R 2005), and for all models, the significance of the predictor variables was 229 examined hierarchically using a stepwise backward model reduction procedure 230 (Crawley 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3824, "input_1": "The Tamura–Nei model of substitution was adopted, as has been performed in other phylogenetic studies demonstrating reassortment (Klempa et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3825, "input_1": "All animal care and experimental procedures complied with the guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, formulated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China and were approved by the Ethical Committee on Animal Experiments at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3826, "input_1": ", 2009), it has been infrequently used in alcohol research (Johnson & Robinson, 2008), despite some notable exceptions (Krentzman et al., 2013; Robinson et al., 2007; 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3827, "input_1": "In Hutt and Longtin (2010) a simplified cortical meanfieldmodel is used to demonstrate analytically that bi-phasic responses are a general property of neural meanfields comprising excitatory and inhibitory neurons types, linear synaptic dynamics, and non-linear activation functions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3828, "input_1": "Although our results cannot be directly compared to previous findings, the low levels of awareness we observed, with only 23 % of the pupils responding positively to at least two of the awareness items, are similar to those reported in other studies among school-going adolescents [1, 6, 7, 11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3829, "input_1": "The inverse correlation between FABP2 expression and serum FFA in our study may be explained by the involvement of FABP2 in intestinal FA utilization (3); overexpression of FABP2 may have stimulated mitochondrial b-oxidation and intestinal FA utilization, which may reduce FA availability in the circulation (27).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3830, "input_1": "In both cases, UV irradiation generates short-lived (μsec range) radicals that react with amino acids in close proximity (zero distance) forming covalent bonds (Pashev et al. 1991; Hafner et al. 2010a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3831, "input_1": "Although it has been shown by Valencia-Torres et al. (2011, 2012) that both PFC and NAC are involved in temporal discrimination, we conclude that the mPFC may structure future behavior and organize it, but it is known that temporal control involves the integration of multiple neural systems (Meck,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3832, "input_1": "The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the efficacy of PEG for mechanical bowel preparation in prevention of postoperative complications in colorectal surgery were considered for inclusion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3833, "input_1": "These included the fatigue severity scale (FSS) [5], the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) [6], the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) [7], Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) [8], Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) [9] scale.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3834, "input_1": "Unique age relationships for ribbons relative to spatially overlapping folds are difficult to establish [Ghent and Hansen, 1999; Hansen et al., 2000].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3835, "input_1": "In accordance with previous works [7], we selected 400 samples per class from the train-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3836, "input_1": "Apart from MONA, there are other related tools based on the explicit automata procedure, such as JMOSEL [13] for a related logic M2L(Str), which implements several optimizations (such as secondorder value numbering [14]) that allow it to outperform MONA on some benchmarks (MONA also provides an M2L(Str) interface on top of the WS1S decision procedure), or the procedure using symbolic finite automata of D’Antoni et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3837, "input_1": ", reads originating from constitutive exons) or even to unique genomic locations, transcript- and gene-expression levels can only be estimated with some degree of certainty, that is, with estimation error (Jiang and Wong, 2009; Turro et al., 2011; Trapnell et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3838, "input_1": ", 1993), a putative Arabidopsisgibberellin β-hydroxylase (31%, GenBank accession number AC003672), a flavanone-3hydroxylase or naringenin-3-dioxygenase (FHT, 30%) from Dianthus caryophyllus(Britsch et al., 1993), and a leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase from Per-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3839, "input_1": "Although considerable research had been devoted to unraveling biophysical properties of these individual GABAAR subtypes (Barnard et al. 1998; Mody and Pearce 2004; Okada et al. 2000; Ortinski et al. 2004; Sieghart and Sperk 2002; Vicini et al. 1986), less attention has been paid to whether a…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3840, "input_1": "9 mg/kg) described in that study [20] produced a mean INDO concentration of 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3841, "input_1": "The results are supported by previous studies (Ranjit et al. 2010, Taliaferro et al. 2010, Pearson et al. 2009, Roos et al. 2001, √òverby & Andersen 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3842, "input_1": "Others have previously noted an increased frequency of PD in RA patients [1-5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3843, "input_1": "Two days after transfection, cells were harvested and D2 activity was measured in lysates using HPLC, as described previously (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3844, "input_1": "In this previous study, MU synchronization was investigated using a coherence analysis between raw, monopolar surface electromyograms, obtained by a newly developed current amplifier [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3845, "input_1": "…spectrometry (Hu et al. 2014), liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (Yu et al. 2014), mass spectrometry detector (Won et al. 2014) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Hilbert et al. 2015) can rapidly provide complex chemical information and clarify the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3846, "input_1": "This can also be accessed in a hierarchical fashion by expanding image clusters to delve further into the browsing structure [10, 7] as shown in Figure 6.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3847, "input_1": "We consider 100 million single (and early) simulation points as determined by SimPoint [24], [25] in all of our experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3848, "input_1": "Related work in this stream conceptualizes the factors that make some services more amenable for offshore BPO (Apte and Mason 1995; Mithas and Whitaker 2005; Venkatraman 2004), and examines supplier capabilities, best practices, and lessons from BPO using case-based research (Cullen et al. 2005; Feeny et al. 2005; Lacity et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3849, "input_1": "provide a promising physical framework to rationalize the high intrinsic enthalpic signatures of 15–40 kcal mol−1 [31]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3850, "input_1": "We conducted pairedchoice food trials (Benz et al., 1992; Nunnally, 1978) on individual gorillas and chimpanzees just before mealtimes using foods from the typical diets and several novel foods that varied in nutrient content (Table II).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3851, "input_1": "Moreover, agerelated cognitive decline in mice is prevented by genetic deletion of C1qa supporting the deleterious effect of this protein and proinflammatory processes in brain function during aging [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3852, "input_1": "These include the SOM-based models such as WEBSOM (Kohonen et al., 2000) and LabelSOM (Rauber et al., 2000), the ART-based models such as ARTMAP (Carpenter et al., 1991a) and ARAM (Tan, 1995), as well as various hybrid models.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3853, "input_1": "Furthermore, it is also known that Ras protein promotes ARC production and hinders its degradation (Hassen et al. 2012; Li et al. 2008; Ludwig-Galezowska et al. 2011; Green and Kroemer 2009; Foo et al. 2007)\n1 3\net al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3854, "input_1": "The annotation scheme is largely based on universal Stanford dependencies (de Marneffe et al., 2014) and universal POS tags (Petrov et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3855, "input_1": "First, the entrance of sodium during cell depolarization mediated by glutamate may trigger multiple events potentially leading to cell death, such as the influx of chloride and water (causing cell swelling), a sodium-induced increase in cytosolic calcium, or a decrease in intracellular pH (28, 29).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3856, "input_1": "Moreover, Ren et al. extended the results of Jadbabaie et al. (2003) and Olfati-Saber and Murray (2004) and presented some more relaxable conditions for consensus of information under dynamically changing interaction topologies (Ren & Beard, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3857, "input_1": "Despite evidence derived from human ALS and mouse and cells models of ALS indicating that mitochondria have a role in disease pathogenesis (Beal, 2005; Martin, 2010a; Reddy and Reddy, 2011), recent human ALS clinical trials with putative mitochondrial acting drugs have been unsuccessful.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3858, "input_1": "Under the notation in equation (13), the good-deal bounds are a coherent risk measure of Artzner et al. (1999), which searches for the infimum of all risk measures over an acceptance set.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3859, "input_1": "Although caveolin-1 is dispensable for general biosynthetic delivery of apical membrane cargo, it appears to play a role in the surface transport of caveolin-2 (35, 43), angiotensin receptor (63), and the TRPC-1 receptor (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3860, "input_1": "We use the GBrank algorithm for the ranking model learning, as GBrank is one of the most effective learning-to-rank algorithms (Zheng et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3861, "input_1": "Recently, loss-of function mutations in KCND3 (potassium voltage-gated channel, Shal-related subfamily, member 3) have been identified causing SCA19/22 [4, 5], whereas gain-of function mutations in KCND3 were implicated in Brugada syndrome and atrial fibrillation [6–8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3862, "input_1": "In line with the literature, we can further confirm that PEOU is positively related to PU (Lee and Park, 2008), PU is positively related to attitude and intention (Kim and Garrison, 2009), and that attitude is positively related", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3863, "input_1": "The social intelligence hypothesis was developed to explain how the evolution of sociality could impact brain evolution (Shultz & Dunbar 2006; Dunbar & Shultz 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3864, "input_1": "It is a common knowledge in face recognition (Prince and Elder, 2007) that a weighted additive mixture of PLDA models often excels a single PLDA model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3865, "input_1": "In a previous publication (Dymkowska et al., 2006) we showed that arachidonic acid induced", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3866, "input_1": "Previous studies have shown that consumers are able to discern different applications of a category of emerging technologies (namely various products of nanotechnology) and have different attitudes about risks, benefits, and labeling for those applications (e.g., Brown and Kuzma 2013; Siegrist et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3867, "input_1": "Envelope frequencies of AM signals have been found to be represented topographically (orthogonal to the frequency map) in ®eld L of the mynah bird, a member of the starling family (Hose et al., 1987; Scheich, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3868, "input_1": "…it should also be noted that coral mucus contains very high concentrations of organic and inorganic matter, leading to typically rare, r-selected (i.e. fast growing and nutrient sensitive) bacteria in seawater recruiting to the mucus matrix and increasing rapidly in abundance (Allers et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3869, "input_1": "tion in different brain regions such as hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) (McEwen and Magarinos 1997; Chiba et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3870, "input_1": "However, many authors [62,65,68,69,78,79,83,84] suggest that women-specific services ‘‘must do more than segregate clients and employ only female staff’’ [65].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3871, "input_1": "This susceptibility to proactive interference after hippocampal damage has already been reported by others [Owen and Butler, 1981; but for different results, see BeasonHeld et al. (1999) and Zola et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3872, "input_1": "In addition to the three study species, yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and Sanje mangabeys (Cercocebus sanjei) are also present but, being predominantly terrestrial, are rarely sighted from line transects (Rovero et al. 2006, 2012), and the former occur only along the lowland forest edge.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3873, "input_1": "nium lactate) (1,4,5,7), and topical retinoids such as tazarotene or tretinoin, as monotherapy or in A", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3874, "input_1": "cruzi to evade the host specific immune response, ensuring its survival in vertebrate hosts [6-11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3875, "input_1": "The results from the treatments with a production function of substitutability and the results from Abeler et al. (2010), discussed in Section 2, show that horizontal fairness considerations among workers do in fact matter.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3876, "input_1": "Macrolides such as clarithromycin 250 mg twice daily for 2 months and then 250 mg/d for an additional 1 month can result in resolution of BOOP.(17) Members of the macrolide", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3877, "input_1": "A afferents innervate the entire body, including both hairy and glabrous skin (14), and play a critical role in coding sensory-discriminative dimensions of touch and movement (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3878, "input_1": "A filter for identifying RCTs recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration [15] was used to filter out the nonrandomized studies in MEDLINE and Embase.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3879, "input_1": "These results are in contrast to findings demonstrating that expectation can modulate the representation and the affective value of the sense of touch when the touch is applied by stroking with the fingers (McCabe et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3880, "input_1": "Although the yeast studies provide evidence that NHR-64 is a transcriptional activator, nuclear receptors may also act as repressors, depending on their interactions with ligands, corepressors, or binding partners [26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3881, "input_1": "Astrocyte swelling also depletes organic osmolytes, such as taurine, which has GABAA receptor agonistic effects (Chepkova et al., 2002) and whose uptake is involved in the long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission and may therefore affect synaptic plasticity (Sergeeva et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3882, "input_1": "The genetic differentiation in PT is comparable to that observed in Castelvolturno (Spagnuolo et al. 2007), apart from a lower number of haplotypes in the first than in the second (12/35", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3883, "input_1": "As a means of reducing these individual differences, researchers adopted self-selected intensity protocols [7,10-12,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3884, "input_1": "Ventilatory parameters were monitored with a CO2SMO Plus monitoring system (Novametrix Medical Systems, Wallingford, CT, USA).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3885, "input_1": "The balanced function g having optimal algebraic immunity introduced in [3] can be defined for every n as the Boolean function on F2n whose support equals {α; i = s, · · · , s+ 2n−1 − 1}, where s is an integer and α is a primitive element of F2n .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3886, "input_1": "It has become clear that this warm and hot sensation is mediated through activation of TRPV1 [31,38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3887, "input_1": "Cell culture and treatment Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) and cultured as previously described [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3888, "input_1": "Furthermore, hypocapnia induced by pulmonary arterial occlusion in dogs increased whole lung resistance and decreased compliance, but vagotomy attenuated only the increase in resistance [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3889, "input_1": "The functional status of the patients was assessed by using the Turkish version of the BASFI [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3890, "input_1": "To further characterize isolates, random amplification of polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was performed using an adaptation of methods described elsewhere.(10)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3891, "input_1": "A materially stable constitutive model for the simulation of arterial walls has been developed in Holzapfel et al. (2000) (with extensions to the inelastic domain Gasser and Holzapfel, 2002; Holzapfel et al., 2002), where each layer of the artery is modeled as a fiber–reinforced material.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3892, "input_1": ", 1990) interrupting the coding sequence of DISC1 occurs between exons 8 and 9 (Ishizuka et al., 2006; Millar et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3893, "input_1": "findings are supported by long-term follow-up results of another phase III trial in patients with AO.(33)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3894, "input_1": "However, the two results [23] and [25] are not very helpful in that respect because they use an exhaustive approach — the underlying algorithm will always stop when some condition is met (and we are sure that this condition must eventually be met) — but we do not have a priori any clue on how much time this will take.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3895, "input_1": "WAT endothelial cells and ASC have different trafficking potential We enumerated endothelial cells and ASCs in human lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and bone marrow by 10color multiparametric flow cytometry following a validated approach with a sensitivity of 10 4 (5, 11, 16).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3896, "input_1": "IMTG fractional synthesis rate was calculated as previously described for use with stable isotopes in humans, using plasma palmitate as the precursor pool from which IMTG is synthesized (47):\nIMTG FSR(%h) EIMTG palm (t1) EIMTG palm (t0)\nEplasma palm (t1) Eplasma palm (t0)\n1 4 100\nwhere EIMTG palm(t1) and Eplasma palm(t1) are enrichments of palmitate in IMTG and plasma after 4 h of infusion and EIMTG palm(t0) and Eplasma palm(t0) are enrichments of background palmitate in IMTG and plasma, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3897, "input_1": "Increasing evidence indicates that penetration of the SFV genome into a cell involves membrane fusion and that the most likely site for penetration is the secondary lysosome (Helenius et al., 1980a, b; White & Helenius, 1980; White et al., 1980, 1981).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3898, "input_1": "(2015), h\nmarker for verification analysis allowing adduct detection up to 4 weeks after exposure (Noort et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3899, "input_1": "The results of Pascalis et al. (2005) and Scott and Monesson (2009) are important as they demonstrate that perceptual narrowing of unfamiliar monkey faces can be delayed when provided additional exposure or when infants learn to individuate unfamiliar monkey faces.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3900, "input_1": "Concentration and saturation of hemoglobin measurements in all three subjects were within previously reported values in animal [35,51] and human [37,43,56] brain.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3901, "input_1": "We applied a maximum likelihood approach using the ‘distribution of fitness effects’ program (DoFE; [27, 28]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3902, "input_1": "…paralysis and show a very prominent lower motor neuron disease (Gurney et al., 1994; Bendotti et al., 2001; Martin et al., 2007), the details of the cellular and molecular pathology appear to be distinct from that seen in human ALS (Martin, 1999, 2010a; Martin and Liu, 2004; Martin et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3903, "input_1": "Effects of CACC inhibitors were analyzed by the following four-parameter logistic function: y min (max min)/[1 (x/IC50) Hill slope], where min and max are the bottom and top of the curve, respectively, IC50 is the concentration of half inhibition of block, and the Hill slope is a reflection of the steepness of the curve.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3904, "input_1": "Few studies demonstrated the importance of alexithymia among suicidal patients, but the results were not consistent (Sayar & Acar 2003, Hintikka et al. 2004, Iancu et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3905, "input_1": "1997), fertilization in flowering plants (Digonnet et al. 1997), pollen germination, pollen tube growth (Li et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3906, "input_1": "This likely is attributable to the extensive amount of soft tissue and bone that must be removed during tumor resection [17, 23, 32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3907, "input_1": "Dermoscopy is cost-effective and its use increases the diagnostic accuracy by 5-30% over visual inspection [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3908, "input_1": "We propose to use a family of densities parametrized by functions belonging to a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) HY with positive semidefinite kernel k (Canu et al., 2006; Fukumizu, 2009; Sriperumbudur et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3909, "input_1": "As for SDH-related PPGL, FH-related paragangliomas present a pattern of global histone and DNA hypermethylation evocating that fumarate acts, like succinate, as an oncometabolite (Castro-Vega et al., 2014; Letouze et al., 2013; Morin et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3910, "input_1": "The main specifications we shall deal with here are (Landau et al., 1995b):\n• stability of the loop [C G0] • a maximum value of less than 6 dB for the sensitivity function T22(G0, C) =\n1/(1 + G0C).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3911, "input_1": "Nevertheless, this less time-demanding and less expensive questionnaire, that requires less collaboration from participants than the usual full length food frequency questionnaires or other more comprehensive methods, has previously been validated by different clinical observational and interventional studies and accurately classified participants with respect to scoring for different validated methods [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3912, "input_1": "The relationship between DNA content and absorbance at 600 nm is linear [17], allowing the amount of DNA in each unknown sample to be determined from the standard curve.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3913, "input_1": "A tentative explanation for the negative findings on the relationship between the cumulative dose of MA and ACC dysfunction is that the developmental stage exposed to MA rather than its dosage may play a more prominent role in determining the effects of MA on the developing brain (Lyoo et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3914, "input_1": "Clinical variables, such as the type of presenting complaint [13], health and mental health status [4, 14, 15], and diagnosis and severity of illness [16, 17, 18] have also been shown to affect the use of psychiatric services.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3915, "input_1": "The signal-transduction pathway targeting c-Myb Cys43 is likely to involve either an oxidative modification, such as an aldehyde adduct (6, 10, 24, 42), or a nitrosylation of Cys43 (12, 48), because the Cys43 mutation would be refractory to either pathway.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3916, "input_1": "…differentially expressed during in vitro xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis suspension cells showed that AtGATL6 and AtGATL9 expression levels decreased rapidly before xylem vessel element formation (Kubo et al., 2005), further supporting a role for these two genes in primary cell wall synthesis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3917, "input_1": "Compared to other primate habitats, Madagascar is unusually susceptible to droughts, cyclones, periods of frost and cold, and a highly seasonal fruit supply (Wright 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3918, "input_1": "subjective OSATS GRS has high interobserver reliability and proven utility in assessing vessel ligation.(13,14) Scores on the GRS items were averaged to produce a representative composite score.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3919, "input_1": "…studies that the GABAB(1a) isoform was predominantly expressed in the granule cell layer, while the GABAB(1b) isoform was expressed mainly in the Perkinje cells (Billinton et al. 1999; Bischoff et al. 1999; Fritschy et al. 1999; Kaupmann et al. 1998b; Liang et al. 2000;\nPoorkhalkali et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3920, "input_1": "Unlike many previous studies (Landry et al. 2005, McManus et al. 2010, Malone and Michalak 2008, Renaut et al. 2009, Bell et al. 2013, Coolon et al. 2014), we found that misexpression was rare among the genes we measured in hybrid zebra finches.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3921, "input_1": "…was observed at 18–24 ◦C, and similar results have been observed in G. tikvahiae McLachlan (Bird et al., 1979), G. chilensis (Laing et al., 1989 as G. sordida Nelson); Yokoya and Oliveira, 1992, Gracilaria sp. (chorda-type) (Chirapart et al., 1994), and G. vermiculophylla (Yokoya et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3922, "input_1": "aeruginosa secretes the endogenous proteases elastase and alkaline protease, which degrade and inactivate human complement components, including C1q, C2, and C3b (12, 13).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3923, "input_1": "Few studies (Zakhartchenko et al., 2001; Arat et al., 2001; Bhuiyan et al., 2004) have evaluated the effects of long-term culture and genetic manipulation of adult somatic donor cells for NT in bovines.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3924, "input_1": "We selected the Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy profile [37] for hydrophobicity, the Grantham’s profile [22] for polarity and Klein’s scale for net charge [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3925, "input_1": "and 5% HCF (Origen hybridoma cloning factor, TEBU, Frankfurt/M, Germany) in order to test the culture supernatants for antibody response in ELISA.(29) The culture supernatant from the C3H/J splenocytes used for RNA extraction indicated the presence of TF-binding antibodies, whereas the supernatants from the other mice were negative (data not shown).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3926, "input_1": "…the previous reports on the toxicokinetics of p-DCB in animals, in which the major route of excretion is the urine (Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1996, 1997), the major route for the elimination of p-DCB in humans was assumed to be metabolism and then excretion in urine.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3927, "input_1": "Data analysis: Primers for SSU rDNA genes are from Medlin et al. (1988) with three additional primers used to generate overlapping sequences from each clone as described in Snoeyenbos-West et al. (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3928, "input_1": "In such a model, a process can simultaneously request multiple resources and remains blocked until it is granted any one of the requested resources [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3929, "input_1": "For source coding and rate-distortion coding problems, polar codes have been shown to be competitive with the state-of-the-art methods [2], [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3930, "input_1": ", 2007) and ultrastructural approaches (Fukaya et al., 2008), as well as to define the precise location of nuclear PLCb1 in native nervous tissue.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3931, "input_1": "In this experiment, we have seen evidence that, contrary to the results of Erkelens (2008), Frequent Frames may yield high accuracy and completeness in categorizing Dutch", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3932, "input_1": "…themselves, as has been proposed previously [e.g., Bindschadler et al., 1992a, 1992b; Bindschadler, 1995; Hansen et al., 1997, 1999, 2000; Gilmore et al., 1998; Ghent and Hansen, 1999], then the structures preserved in crustal plateaus can provide important insights into Venus’ geological history.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3933, "input_1": "3 Experimental Results All three methods proposed in the chapter were tested on the MERL sequences, Ballroom, Vassar and Exit [111].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3934, "input_1": "Given that the CA1 subfield predominates in the anterior hippocampus but extends throughout its antero-posterior axis, the specific role of CA1 structural damage in episodic encoding deficits evidenced here in aMCI is therefore consistent with both hypotheses of an anterior (Lepage et al., 1998) and an antero-posterior (Schacter and Wagner, 1999) in se rm -0 06 42 17 6, v er si on 1 21 N ov 2 01 1", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3935, "input_1": "The over-expression of EGFR (erbB-1 receptor) is seen in 20% to 81% of breast tumours, whereas HER2 receptor overexpression is seen in approximately 20% [1-4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3936, "input_1": "Some other studies have offered interpretations different from our result, namely that Ambulocetus and desmostylians were capable of terrestrial locomotion on all four limbs or on bellies like extant seals (i.e. Thewissen et al. 1994; Madar et al. 2002; Inuzuka, 2005, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3937, "input_1": "Achenbach (1991) has shown that the YSR and its subscales are reliable and valid measures of problematic behaviors among clinic-referred and nonreferred youths, and further research documents that the measure is reliable and valid for youths as young as 7 years old (Ebesutani et al. 2011; Yeh and Weisz 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3938, "input_1": "The surface sections of all implants irradiated in vacuum showed a chemical compound similar to that of a non-irradiated reference [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3939, "input_1": "2e, Fdps-Luc, Msmo1-Luc, and Dhcr24-Luc (10 ng) were transfected into Y-1 cells along with expression plasmids of Ad4BP/SF-1 (300 ng) and transcriptionally active SREBP-2 (1-481) (100 ng)44.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3940, "input_1": "The barn owl shows a third type of pattern; there is only a small increase of the hair cell number in a cross section in the basal half of the papilla, followed by a more rapid but continuous increase in the apical half (Fischer et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1985).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3941, "input_1": "A cut-point maximizing the concordance probability will thus maximize the rectangle [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3942, "input_1": "TAPSE < 16 indicates RV systolic dysfunction according to ASE guidelines.(11) In our study, TAPSE 16 predicted proximal RCA lesion with a sensitivity of 92.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3943, "input_1": "In [1] and [2], a multilayer directory structure is presented to reduce the size of the directory for largescale configurations of a multiprocessor while also maintain or even improve the performance.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3944, "input_1": "Subjects received an intravenous injection of 1110 MBq 99mTc-ECD (ethylcysteinate dimer, Neurolite, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma), and were imaged by a dual-head rotating gamma camera (VG MILLENIUM GE), according with European procedure guidelines [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3945, "input_1": "According to this view, and for individuals for whom reading has become automated, the strength of the reading response (or strength of its activation) is higher than that of the naming response (MacLeod, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3946, "input_1": "Our findings confirm previous reports [11-14,27], but several issues need to be considered when interpreting our results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3947, "input_1": "A record-low EDDR of 99 fJ/(bit·km) is achieved with our devices at 17 Gb/s across 1 km of MMF [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3948, "input_1": "Our data are in line with published results, that assign NOXA and PUMA overlapping and distinct regulations by p53 depending on the experimental setting.(3,5,20,21)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3949, "input_1": "The analysis relied heavily on the open-source BioPerl (Stajich et al., 2002) modules available at www.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3950, "input_1": "In the case of a real option to invest, Nishimura and Ozaki (2007) show that ambiguity impacts the value of irreversible investments in a « drastically » different manner from that of “traditional uncertainty” (risk).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3951, "input_1": ", 2009; Dedrick et al., 2010) have received a great deal of attention. Xing and Detert (2010) examined the case of the iPhone and found that China just contributed only 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3952, "input_1": "The alcohol myopia theory (Steele and Josephs 1990) states that alcohol intoxication restricts attentional capacity resulting in people in sexual contexts after drinking not being able to process their distant risk cues (such as HIV or sexually transmitted infection (STI) risks) and be highly influenced by the most immediate cues (such as sexual arousal) in their environment (MacDonald et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3953, "input_1": "Genetic variation\nBased on ISSR analysis, the high genetic variation observed in P. squarrosa in a previous study (Spagnuolo et al. 2007) was substantially confirmed in this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3954, "input_1": "Our results further confirm previous findings on the differential regulatory mechanisms for Hoxa3 and Hoxb3 expression in r5 and r6 by kreisler (Manzanares et al., 1997, 1999a,b, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3955, "input_1": "There is overwhelming evidence that the Indus, Brahmaputra, and Ganges Rivers, existed as separate river systems soon after the original India-Asia collision (~55–45 Million Years (MY) ago) and even before large-scale elevation of the Himalayan mountains (Clift and Blusztajn 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3956, "input_1": "or (b) the existence of spontaneous reactivation (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3957, "input_1": "Furthermore, it is also known that Ras protein promotes ARC production and hinders its degradation (Hassen et al. 2012; Li et al. 2008; Ludwig-Galezowska et al. 2011; Green and Kroemer 2009; Foo et al. 2007)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3958, "input_1": "Prdm1 is a positive control, as it encodes an inhibitor of Tfh cell differentiation (Johnston et al., 2009), and is discussed further below.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3959, "input_1": "Interestingly, several previous studies have investigated the possible association between coping strategies, suicidal behaviour, suicidal ideation and suicide risk (D’Zurilla et al., 1998; Li & Zhang, 2012; Pietrzak et al., 2011; Sugawara et al., 2012; Tang & Qin, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3960, "input_1": "As a consequence if activation of NF-kB can be inhibited then it can be used as a possible strategy for prevention of secondary damage in SCI [14, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3961, "input_1": "The results of this study confirm and extend the findings of other studies (Dorn et al. 1999; Gorga et al. 2005) regarding the superiority of multivariate analyses of DPOAE data.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3962, "input_1": "Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk of developing gastro-intestinal tract lesions [35-37] and for this reason, the prevalence of H.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3963, "input_1": "We implemented the extended HCAP protocol in Java.2 The implementation is based on CoAP [36], a lightweight, UDP-based variant of HTTP commonly used in IoT environments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3964, "input_1": "Furthermore, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR [21,22] can depict the left atrial wall injury after the radiofrequenty ablation for treatment of AF [23,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3965, "input_1": "[17], using the same database as the present study, recently reported on the effect of a number of risk factors on the survival of patients in the VS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3966, "input_1": "Six classifiers, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, are used for the recognition experiments of the unconstrained handwritten numerals from Concordia University [10] and the University of California, Irvine (UCI) [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3967, "input_1": "Another population of Astyanax eigenmanniorum, from Caetano stream, Uberlandia/MG, analyzed by Torres-Mariano and Morelli (2008), showed a formula of 14m + 18sm + 10st + 6a, constituted by a greater number of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes (32), compared with the results obtained in this…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3968, "input_1": "However, users may also browse the validation metrics to choose their own preferred assembly, such as one that optimizes consensus accuracy without regard to continuity.\niMetAMOS is primarily written in Python and builds upon Ruffus [31] for\npipeline management.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3969, "input_1": "Hybridization was performed overnight at 42°C, as described (18), and the membranes were washed at low stringency (23 SSC, 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3970, "input_1": "A VARIETY OF MEAL-RELATED stimuli, such as gastricdistending loads (19), duodenal nutrient infusions (11, 30, 31), and meal-induced gut-brain peptides, such as CCK (11), have all been shown to suppress ingestive behavior and food consumption.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3971, "input_1": "2. deeper understanding of brain functions involved in these interactions (Chaminade et al., 2007); 3. better engineering guidelines in building machines (as suggested by Cheng et al., 2007) suitable for human interactions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3972, "input_1": "The impact of WNV on public health in Guatemala and throughout tropical America remains unresolved.(1,36) Our study", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3973, "input_1": "The ranking of the tissues in terms of their protein synthesis rates was similar to that previously reported from crustacean studies (21) and is in agreement, so far as the tissues are comparable, with the results from fish (11, 37).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3974, "input_1": "Although originally described as a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, recent studies [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13] have shown that the intestinal hormone GLP-1 also prevents the onset of diabetes and ameliorates existing diabetes through a mechanism that includes enhancement of beta-cell mass [16, 17, 18, 19, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3975, "input_1": "However, when testing the effect of S-nitroso- L-cysteine a different approach was used since this compound has a half-life of less than 30 s (Myers, Minor, Guerra, Bates & Harrison, 1990; Bates, Aldape & Baker, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3976, "input_1": "It was apparent that the AlkOH group content was comparable with previous results obtained with the one-stage organosolv pretreatments of poplar performed at milder conditions (165 C, 40 min, 1.0% H2SO4), (Pan et al., 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3977, "input_1": "[21] confirmed these findings while another study has shown that dry bonding does not necessarily lead to an insufficient hybrid layer formation [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3978, "input_1": "In conclusion, the present results support an earlier observation (Rowan et al., 1994) that there is a good agreement between pigs and humans for their true ileal digestibility of dietary protein.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3979, "input_1": "coli strain (Stratagene/ Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA), extracted from the inclusion bodies, and purified to about 95% electrophoretic homogeneity as previously described in detail [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3980, "input_1": "CRS-induced behavioral anomalies are accompanied by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in different brain regions such as hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) (McEwen and Magarinos 1997; Chiba et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3981, "input_1": "The bimodality of gene expression was scored for each gene within each dataset using MCLUST [48] and the Bimodality Index (BI) [49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3982, "input_1": "Male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) give evoked vocal responses to a larger range of heterospecific and ancestral mating calls than females will approach during playback trials (Bernal et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3983, "input_1": "The buckled structure of silicene is due to the preference of Si atoms to adopt both sp3 and sp2 hybridization rather than adopting sp2 hybridization alone, as in graphene [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3984, "input_1": "Each set of samples was hybridized to microarrays containing oligonucleotide probes complementary to 173 known miRNAs (29).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3985, "input_1": "These results are in line with\n several other studies (Mattson 1980; Ayres and MacLean 1987; Kause et al. 1999; van der Wal et al. 2000; Graglia et al. 2001; Lempa et al. 2004; Hansen et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 3986, "input_1": "It was shown, for example, that the transcription and translation of genes that participate in antioxidant machinery (8), DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation are required for the adaptive response in human lymphocytes and fibroblasts (9, 10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3987, "input_1": "Table 4: Number of function evaluations reported for the particle swarm optimization (PSO) [7] and contact interactions (CI) [8] methods and calculated for our AGAHP implementation for protein chains 27 amino acids in length.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3988, "input_1": "A recent study indicated that COX-2 was related to UA-activated proliferation of smooth muscle cells possibly via TXA2 [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3989, "input_1": "multiple equilibria, see Albanesi et al. (2003), King and Wolman (2004) and Blake and Kirsanova (2012), and a simple New Keynesian model is not appropriate to investigate many consequences of policy delegation. As there is no particular reason to assume one equilibrium will prevail any more than another, even if the delegation schemes behave locally as intuition might suggest globally could be a different matter. The central questions addressed in this paper follow on from this. How do delegation schemes affect the likelihood of obtaining multiple equilibria in more realistic models? If multiplicity survives, how should we quantify the welfare implications of choosing one of these delegation schemes? Can any of these schemes affect the likelihood that economic agents successfully coordinate on the best equilibrium? To address these questions we study a version of the familiar sticky price model modified to incorporate capital accumulation (Sveen and Weinke, 2005; Woodford, 2005). This model contains all the features as at the heart of many DSGE models used in policy analysis which makes it a ‘representative agent’ for our policy analysis. Moreover, we choose a set up which encompasses the ‘worst case’ scenario: there are expectation traps and economic agents may be more likely to coordinate on the worst equilibrium (Dennis and Kirsanova, 2012). We confirm the previous results that all these delegation schemes can improve social welfare, but we show that they only unequivocally improve welfare if the economy remains in the best equilibrium. At the same time, we demonstrate that none of the considered delegation schemes eliminates expectation traps, moreover, new equilibria arise under delegation. Whether there is a gain associated with a transition to a delegation scheme will depend on which equilibrium under the original unmodified objective one starts from and to which equilibrium one transitions. More encouragingly, all delegation schemes reduce the range of parameters which ensure the unique worst...", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3990, "input_1": "P\nra sa\nth )\nmutant embryos (Deng et al., 1994; Yamaguchi et al., 1994; Sun et al., 1999; Guo and Li, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3991, "input_1": "The subcellular localization of each enzyme was accomplished by differential sedimentation and isodensity centrifugation as described by Lindmark (1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3992, "input_1": "The prevalence of trzN over atzA gene in the soil environment reported by Arbeli and Fuentes (2010) might explain why it was often encountered in our experiment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3993, "input_1": "In order to avoid issues with data sufficiency, we aggregated these 25 types into nine classes based on provided descriptions from the California Department of Fish and Game (1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3994, "input_1": "…indicates that cholinergic and glutamatergic functions regulate cortical development and may contribute to postnatal critical periods (Bear and Singer, 1986; Hohmann et al., 1991; Robertson et al., 1998; for review, see Hohmann and Berger-Sweeney, 1998; Fox et al., 1999; Yuste and Sur, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3995, "input_1": "…software package from DNASTAR, alignments were created by the Lipman–Pearson Method (Lipman and Pearson, 1985).\ncDNA library screening by NSH (Ray et al., 2004)\nTo create a cDNA library that is enriched for transcript copies specific for fruiting body formation of A. nidulans, total RNAs…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3996, "input_1": "5 D or more in some situations.(21,22) The tolerance for position error for toric andmultifocal IOLs is even less, so small amounts of tilt, decentration, or rotation of these IOLs can result in significant deviations from the desired refractive outcome as well as symptomatic visual aberrations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 3997, "input_1": "…both 3 and 5 directions were assembled using the programs phred (Ewing and Green 1998; Ewing et al. 1998), phrap (http://www.phrap.org) and Consed (Gordon et al. 1998), and were submitted to the GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast) and Rhizobase databases…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3998, "input_1": "In contrast, the plasma AChE activity levels detected in Gallotia galloti were lower than the activity of BChE (Sanchez-Hernandez and Moreno 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 3999, "input_1": "We conducted several experiments to compare the proposed detection methods with one of the scene text detection methods (STD) [8], SBD [5] and TLD [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4000, "input_1": "Specifically, metagenomic DNA was amplified using the 16S V1 (27F) forward [14] and V3 (534R) reverse [15], and the 16S V3 (341F) forward and V4 (805R) reverse [39] primer pairs with added Illumina adapter overhang nucleotide sequences (Table 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4001, "input_1": "Following neoadjuvant treatment surgery is performed and proper histological documentation of residual disease is mandatory in association with re-testing of prognostic and predictive factors (Marchio and Sapino, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4002, "input_1": ", 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2010), and for primary visual sources (Quraan and Cheyne, 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2010), and is likely the case for many other sources as most brain modules are organized with bilateral symmetry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4003, "input_1": "Finally, the using of purified LPS indicates a prevalent role of TLR2 in activating T cells (obtained by non-purified LPS), partially excluding the effects mediated by TLR4 [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4004, "input_1": "This suggests that delivering knowledge alone is not enough to promote cancer pain management, and additional educational strategy such as combining different education methods is needed [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4005, "input_1": "Similarly, a synergistic effect of sequence differences at the resistin locus on obesity and risk of type II diabetes has been observed (Ma et al, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4006, "input_1": "[25] compared the accuracy of the assessment of EF, EDV and ESV by eight-slice CT-gated SPECT and 2-D echo to the reference method cine MR and observed better correlation between gated CT and MR than between 2-D echo or gated SPECT and MR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4007, "input_1": "[25] investigated the effects of retro-walking on pain and physical function in subjects with knee OA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4008, "input_1": "The presence or absence of the Cre transgene and the excised Serca2 allele (Serca2 ) were detected by PCR analysis as described previously (Andersson et al. 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4009, "input_1": "The levels of ROS and RNS and the imminent mitochondrial membrane potential change activate themitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP), mtKATP, and mtKCa dissipating membrane potential and releasing all ROS and RNS [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–118].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4010, "input_1": "…brain that regulate the periods of behavioral and physiological rhythms, as well as at the molecular level where alcohol has been found to induce changes in the expression of canonical circadian clock genes (Chen et al., 2004; Rosenwasser et al., 2005b; Seggio et al., 2009; Spanagel et al., 2005a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4011, "input_1": "Some of the examples are typical partial deduction benchmarks (see [Lam and Kusalik, 1991; Leuschel, 1998]) adapted to a functional logic syntax, while others come from the literature of functional program transformations, such as positive supercompilation [Sørensen et al., 1996], fold/unfold…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4012, "input_1": "Moreover, soluble chemicals in the mucilage surrounding the root tip and border cells may play a role in a cellular feedback loop as modulators of\nroot growth (Baluska et al. 1996b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4013, "input_1": "Countries with high income inequality have been found to have a three-fold greater prevalence of mental disorders compared to those with low income inequality [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4014, "input_1": "The classification of tumor stages was made in accordance with the 7th edition of the TNM classification for malignant tumors of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) [38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4015, "input_1": "In these species, even for purebred dogs, LD decay is rapid over less than 50 kb, and is very limited over 100 kb (Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005; Axelsson et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4016, "input_1": "In addition to temporal processing, the right TPJ has been implicated in various types of perception and social cognition, such as reorienting of attention [41] and attribution of mental states to others (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4017, "input_1": "This correlates with the 7-hr delay of the loose-to-tight aggregate transition of these overexpression strains at the air-water interface [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4018, "input_1": "On the other hand, ATP recognition has been studied because of its significant roles in biological systems, and thus a number of ATP-targeting fluorescent probes have been reported over the last few decades [25–27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4019, "input_1": "The DP is a reaction occurring on the catalyst surface between precursors [17,23] (alkoxy/α-hydroxyalkyl and benzyl alcohol), which is known to provide an equimolar quantity of toluene and benzaldehyde in the absence of oxygen, according to the following surface reaction:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4020, "input_1": "Various methods, including arthrodesis, hip transposition, osteoarticular allograft/autograft and prosthetic implantation, have been used for hemipelvic reconstruction after peri-acetabular tumour resection [5–17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4021, "input_1": "Although Hh signaling by SMOH was reported to be required in a chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease (Dierks et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2009), it was found to be dispensable for the development of acute leukemias induced by either the Received 3 November 2009; revised 20 April 2010; accepted 20 May…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4022, "input_1": "Recurrent disease was defined as a new active focus of retinal necrosis after three months of an active episode [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4023, "input_1": "Khan and Senhadji [20] estimated the threshold level of inflation for developing and also developed countries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4024, "input_1": ") and animals (an elephant, a camel, a horse) from a standard set were presented to the sub jects [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4025, "input_1": "Following Gunz and Mitteroecker (2013), a semi-automatic point placement strategy was used to place surface sliding semi-landmarks on the digitized bone surfaces, as implemented in the ‘placePatch’ function (Schlager 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4026, "input_1": "First, cortical surfaces are extracted from\nthe MR images using the TOADS-CRUISE [10, 11, 12] software available from www.nitrc.org.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4027, "input_1": "A 4.8-kb genomic fragment containing all of the noncoding exons demonstrated tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4028, "input_1": "We have conducted our experiments using the four datasets mentioned above and applying five different combination techniques (the four mentioned before: Forward selection, NCA, MCML, Fisher and the simple normalized sum) compared with the best performing individual ones.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4029, "input_1": "Peña and Brody (2014) demonstrated that both reactions mainly occur when deviant posts are perceived as reflecting negatively on their recipient. These authors further argue that through hiding and unfriending the deviate, recipients of deviant messages strive to distance themselves from the deviate. Thereby, they seek to reduce the negative effects the behavior has on them. Similarly, research on group schisms has shown that identity subversion as an outcome of norm-deviant behavior motivates group members to distance themselves from the behavior by leaving the group (e.g., Sani & Todman, 2002). In their recent literature review, Nicholls and Rice (2017) outline several additional reactions to online deviance.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4030, "input_1": "Even though several studies have found no difference in reaction rates between membranes that readily activate complement and those that do not, a subset of patients (those with atopia and/or eosinophilia) seems to be more susceptible to dialysis reactions and experiencing recurrent symptoms [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4031, "input_1": "In mammals, at least four groups of progenitors contribute to total neuronal output: radial glial cells (RGCs) and short neural precursors (SNPs) compose the VZ while intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) and basal radial glia (bRG), which are derived from VZ cells, populate the SVZ (Noctor et al., 2001; Gal et al., 2006; Kowalczyk et al., 2009; Fietz et al., 2010; Hansen et al., 2010; Shitamukai et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4032, "input_1": "Finding optimal paths in dynamic environments has attracted significant attention in the robotics community (See Latombe (1990); LaValle (1999); Lu et al (2015); Jur (2007) and the references therein).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4033, "input_1": "This differed from the previous results from pharmacological studies (Visentin et al., 1999), which claimed that there were no homomeric P2X1 or P2X3 receptors on the primary cultured\nrat microglial cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4034, "input_1": "Such works have been conducted in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) [12], the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans) [8], and the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) [13,14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4035, "input_1": "Using\nthe classification system of Zhan et al. [13], the medications listed in Table 1 were further categorized into three groups: medications 1) that should always be avoided (barbiturates, flurazepam, meprobamate, chlorpropamide, meperidine, pentazocine, trimethobenzamide, belladonna alkaloids, dicyclomine, hyoscyamine, propantheline), 2) that are rarely appropriate (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, propoxyphene, carisoprodol, chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, methocarbamol) and 3) that have some indications but are often misused (amitriptyline, doxepin, indomethacin, dipyridamole, ticlopidine, methyldopa, reserpine, disopyramide, oxybutynin, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, promethazine).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4036, "input_1": "Over 30 different types of plastic materials are currentty used for packaging purposes (Lau and Wong 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4037, "input_1": "Incidences of hydrocephalus and cyst formation were not reported in this trial but emerged in subsequent studies [14, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4038, "input_1": "binding of parasite infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes) has been associated with both the severity of clinical malaria in children and the blood group A antigen phenotype [11], but does not occur in placental malaria [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4039, "input_1": "The soldiers actively exercised for ten hours per night continuously (alternate marching and running, on a difficult terrain, carrying personal equipment weighting 60% of body weight - estimated intensity of 35–45% of mean VO2 max [15]), slept for four hours (during the day) and performed sedentary activities during the rest of the day.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4040, "input_1": "…IGF2 affects the placenta by affecting the\nexpression of nutrient transporters and the thickness of the cell layers separating the maternal and fetal capillaries (interhaemal thickness), representing the barrier to diffusion of nutrients and gases (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4041, "input_1": "In this regard, a recent report describes an increase in the expression of SVCT2 in the mouse muscle satellite cell line C2C12 upon hydrogen peroxide treatment (Savini et al. 2007b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4042, "input_1": "ν is an upper bound on the fraction of outliers and a lower bound on the fraction of support vectors [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4043, "input_1": "The ROS are known to induce substantial damage to lipids and proteins (Chandra et al. 2009). Since membranes are composed of lipids and proteins, any damage to these macromolecules could result in loss of membrane integrity. Singh and Sinha (2005) reported similar results in Brassica juncea and Gallego et al. (1996) in sunflower plants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4044, "input_1": "In our previous study of slow regular saccades, we demonstrated the invariance of saccadic latencies with target angular displacement (Darrien et al., 2001) but had diYculty in reconciling the results with those of previous studies which showed an increase in latency (Fuller, 1996; Kalesnykas &…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4045, "input_1": "Comparisons between EMG signals recorded with a current and a traditional potential amplifier demonstrated the validity of current recordings [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4046, "input_1": "Although contrary to our original hypothesis, this conclusion is consistent with results of elemental analysis applied to a panel of insoluble CAPs fractions reported previously (Imrich et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4047, "input_1": "We found that the first spectral-notch attributable to the pinna and the pinna-dependent ILDs was most prominent for sound frequencies between 12 and 24 kHz in the rat (Koka et al., 2008); hence, tone frequency response sensitivities were probed between 2 and 32 kHz as described in detail previously (Polley et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4048, "input_1": "However, for TDMA-based convergecast, the analytical evaluation of its throughput has not been reported and available evaluations of the performance are usually based on simulations only.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4049, "input_1": "Although these two forms of agreement are often believed to provide different information, they are in fact identical if data are both normalized and ipsatized (Allik et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4050, "input_1": "Relative rather than absolute compound levels were used because synergistic chemical composition of pheromone cues is known to be particularly important in olfactory communication (Wyatt 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4051, "input_1": "2000; Bush & de Oliveira 2006) because it has been recognized that Tertiary Neogene tectonic and palaeogeographical reorganization have also been important drivers of the origin of Neotropical (Pennington et al. 2004; Hoorn et al. 2010; Rull 2011) and temperate biodiversity (Quiroga & Premoli 2010; S ersic et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4052, "input_1": "Electrode configuration\nElectric fields were applied as described (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000; Petty 2000; Rosenspire et al. 2000, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4053, "input_1": "Because of this ability to expand the proteome of cells, alternative splicing has represented a very useful and powerful tool that allows cells to execute the various expression programs which underlie many fundamental needs of higher organisms: from general needs such as controlling normal development and tissue-specific expression of proteins, to highly specialized processes such as DNA damage response or microRNA biogenesis [27–33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4054, "input_1": "We assessed support for drone strikes using five items (e.g., “I\nsupport America’s use of drone attacks against suspected militant targets in Yemen”; α = .87; see Kteily et al., 2014, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4055, "input_1": "However, a personalized approach is required in the treatment of these patients who often present with clinical heterogeneity as the IVA patients described by Dercksen et al. 2012.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4056, "input_1": "ARTICLE IN PRESS S. Atasayar et al. / Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 61 (2009) 23–3224\nIn animals, supplementation with antioxidants seems to protect against CP-induced side effects (Greggi-Antunes et al., 2000; Mansour et al., 2002; Sueishi et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4057, "input_1": "A similar protocol has been adopted by several previous studies (e.g. Almasi et al. (2010) who restrained barn owl nestlings for 26 ± 6 (SD) min; Liebl and Martin (2012) who restrained the birds for 30 min).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4058, "input_1": "In 38 patients, SPECT was performed using the previously described rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m sestamibi dual isotope protocol (27,28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4059, "input_1": "In idiopathic BOOP, histological examinations generally reveal no microorganisms.(2,17,72)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4060, "input_1": "The action on CNS development of some of the factors contained within E-CSF has been analysed, including the role of the proteoglycans, FGF2, RBP/all-trans retinol system, and the apolipoprotein-carried lipids (Alonso et al., 1999,1998; Martin et al., 2006; Parada et al., 2008, in press).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4061, "input_1": "The results of the current study indicating a significant correlation between attachment and suicide attempt status are consistent with previous research that has also found a relationship between both anxious attachment (34, 35), avoidant attachment (21), and suicide attempt.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4062, "input_1": "Direct table lookup, polynomial approximations, rational approximations [9,10] and table-based methods [11–16], are only suitable for limited-precision operations because their area and delay increase exponentially as the input operand size increases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4063, "input_1": "In (Rüdiger et al., 2007a) the behavior set of the system was defined as:\nDefinition 4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4064, "input_1": "What NusA contributes was revealed by nuclease probing of RNA emerging from the 82Q-modified complex: If NusA is present, the usual RNA emergence at about 14 nucleotides from the growing end is extended to about 25 nucleotides, implying that NusA and 82Q construct a barrier where the hairpin of an intrinsic terminator forms (126).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4065, "input_1": "In this case the membrane of the virus fuses with the plasma membrane and the nucleocapsid is introduced into the cytoplasm (White et al., 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4066, "input_1": "In selecting REM epochs, we took into account the presence of a clearly defined alpha burst in any EEG derivation, the total absence of spindle activity in frontoparietal regions (Jobert et al. 1992), the appearance of rapid eye movements one minute before, and on continuing in REM stage, one minute after the selected epoch.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4067, "input_1": "LSTMs are able to capture past signal behavior and they have shown success in many audio processing applications, such as speech recognition and computational paralinguistics [6, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4068, "input_1": "CTL activity was measured in a standard 4 h 51Cr-release assay, as described previously (Kammer et al., 1999; Moradpour et al., 2001; Gremion et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4069, "input_1": "GST-53BP2(715-1005) and GST-GL(1-257) also bind DIG-PP1g1 well, whereas GST-GL(94-257), which does not contain its PP1-binding site, is unable to bind to DIG-PP1g1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4070, "input_1": "2011), by both Neighbor-joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987) and Minimum Evolution method with the parameters (p-distance and completed deletion).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4071, "input_1": "series [14], although mearsuring signal intensity directly on two different MR equipments, they also gained excellent agreement.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4072, "input_1": "Thus, meandering requires 5-20% less bandwidth, as shown in [3] and we consider it as a reference scanning trace within this work.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4073, "input_1": ", 1984a,b; Laughon and Scott, 1984), a peptide motif conferring sequence-specific DNA binding ability to the homeoproteins (Laughon and Scott, 1984; Desplan et al., 1985; Beachy et al., 1988; Müller et al., 1988; Ekker et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4074, "input_1": ", 1996) and osteoblasts (Kozawa et al., 1997) in addition to 3T3 fibroblasts (Wu et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4075, "input_1": "To reflect the social characteristics of users, we adopt the Indian Buffet Model proposed in [9], the author has already proved the model perfectly fits the real data in the simulation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4076, "input_1": "It is also in agreement with those of Stansley et al. (1997) who obtained high mortality in R. palustris tadpoles, exposed from the egg stage for 10 days to a total mean lead concentration of 1.670 and 0.944 mg Pb/l.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4077, "input_1": "The right leg was fastened to a dynamometer (I-KON, Chattanooga Group, Oxfordshire, UK) at a knee angle of 50°, while the other leg rested in an extended position, as previously described (11, 14).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4078, "input_1": "Study design and data sources\n This was a retrospective study using data from the Israel National Trauma Registry (ITR) database.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4079, "input_1": "As illustrated in Figure 1(a, b), it transforms CNNs such as VGG [38] and C3D [43] with fc layers at the end of the convolutional networks, meanwhile it also converts CNNs such as ResNet [20] and DenseNet [22] with conv and global average pooling layers at the end, as depicted in Figure 1(c, d).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4080, "input_1": "Following the state-of-the-art technique for exploratory data analysis (Baroni et al., 2014), we decided to opt for unsupervised clustering. The chosen normalized spectral clustering algorithm proposed by Ng et al. (2001) has been effectively applied to various lexical acquisition tasks (e.g. Shutova et al. (2016); Xu & Ke (2016); Sun & Korhonen (2009)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4081, "input_1": "The author in [9] utilizes the IBP to describe the users social influence and the circumstances that users select and require the contents just like of which they choosing the dishes at a buffet in the restaurant.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4082, "input_1": "In what follows, we report the percentage of the trials which led to the putative global minimum as given in [19]2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4083, "input_1": "Assuming that, as mammalian frataxin, CyaY preferentially interacts with the preformed IscU/IscS complex, the addition of frataxin in reconstitution experiments would lead to uncompetitive inhibition, thus explaining the reported inhibitory effect of CyaY on Fe-S cluster formation in vitro [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4084, "input_1": "…for their sex appeal and physical attractiveness; ‘butch queen vogue’, a category that uses elements of vogue of hands, spins and dips; ‘femme queen’, and ‘virgin runway’, a category that is open to participants who are relatively new to the Ball scene (Dickson-Gomez et al., 2014; Galindo, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4085, "input_1": "1 3 signal intensity of the fluid within the postoperative cavity on FLAIR may monitor tumor progression and predict PFS [13, 14, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4086, "input_1": "Two studies comprehensively analyzed all available full-length HBV genomes in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ and reported the frequent occurrence of recombination event between two or more HBV strains [14,15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4087, "input_1": "In caveolae membranes isolated from total plasma membranes using the methods of OptiPrep gradient centrifugation (35, 40) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4088, "input_1": "There is evidence that Ang-2 acts as a chemoattractant for regulating monocyte/macrophage infiltration [5, 23], suggesting that treatment with r-Ang-2 may increase macrophage recruitment to remodelling collateral arterioles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4089, "input_1": "jejuni 81-176, a virulent strain able to produce gastroenteritis in human volunteers and promote commensal colonization of the chick gastrointestinal tract (Black et al., 1988; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4090, "input_1": "Spectra for water and the O2 dimer are not included in the DOAS fit as previous retrievals found15 their inclusion unnecessary (Boersma et al., 2007; Bucsela et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4091, "input_1": "Embedding are 300- dimensional, the size of all hidden layers is 100 and for training we use ADADELTA (Zeiler, 2012) with a batch size of 20.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4092, "input_1": "Data analysis followed the WHO’s recommendations[14,15] in addition to the norms manual for severe psychiatric disorders.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4093, "input_1": "Lavergne et al. (2014) developed a two-step method for the enumeration of heterotrophic prokaryotes in coastal sediments by flow cytometry that enables high frequency analyses of 30 samples in less than 4 hours.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4094, "input_1": "Based on the results of Pascalis and colleagues (Pascalis et al., 2002; Pascalis et al., 2005), it was predicted that 12-month-olds would fail to reliably discriminate the face of familiarization and a novel face of another unfamiliar Barbary macaque.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4095, "input_1": "Participants were monitored for deaths and hospital admissions using the Western Australian Data Linkage System.9\n For the present study, we excluded men with missing information on key variables (n=54); those with extreme SBP values (<80 or >250 mm Hg; n=6); those with a history of heart disease (n=3419) or stroke (n=1735) at baseline, to limit the effect of reverse causality; and those with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (‚â•30 mm in diameter) identified at screening (n=875) because these individuals are likely to have received medical intervention to address their risk of a major vascular event.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4096, "input_1": "…the invasive pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, induces the mono-ubiquitination of receptors – hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) (Veiga and Cossart, 2005) and E-cadherin and triggers the recruitment of clathrin and caveolin-1 to entry foci (Bonazzi and Cossart, 2006; Veiga et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4097, "input_1": "If not, a dysfunction in the cerebral processing of oscillatory visual stimuli is very likely, which is assumed to lead to the observed deficits in HE-patients (Timmermann et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4098, "input_1": "Comorbidity was quantified by adding the scores assigned to specific diagnoses in the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4099, "input_1": "are the most widely studied as sources of insecticidal and/or repellent oils and are also the ones most commonly found in commercial formulations for this purpose [18,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4100, "input_1": "The second issue concerns education productivity estimation literature that uses international test data for high school students (e.g., Heyneman and Loxley (1983), Hanushek and Luke (2001)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4101, "input_1": "If the purified proteins are used for mass spectrometric analyses, elution from streptavidin beads is not required because trypsin digestion can be performed efficiently on bead-bound proteins and the released peptides can be analysed by mass spectrometry (Guerrero et al., 2005; Kho et al., 2004; Rybak et al., 2005; Tagwerker et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4102, "input_1": "Each node joins a cluster and the cluster elects a leader in a multihop, distributed manner [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4103, "input_1": "neoformans cells vary in size, from cells less than 3 μm in cell body diameter to cells more than 100 μm in diameter (Feldmesser et al., 2001; Okagaki et al., 2010; Zaragoza et al., 2010; Alanio et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4104, "input_1": "Overall Leptospira infection prevalence reported in black rats tested by PCR ranged from 11 0% to 65 8% (n = 6; number of animals: median = 79, range = 33–141) [85, 86, 92, 103, 118, 124].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4105, "input_1": "In using the report to categorize a participant’s attentional state in the 10–15 s immediately prior to the report, this methodology has been used to demonstrate reliable and replicable differences in neurocognitive functioning between on-task and mind wandering states (e.g., Christoff et al. 2009; Franklin et al. 2011; Kam et al. 2011, 2012, 2013; Kirschner et al. 2012; Mason et al. 2007; McKiernan et al. 2006; Smallwood et al. 2008a, b; Stawarczyk et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4106, "input_1": "Mutations in the dally locus encoding the Drosophila homolog of a human glycoprotein have been shown to result in numerous developmental defects, some of which are associated with alterations in dpp signaling (Haerry et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4107, "input_1": "It was also observed that CP treatment increased BUN and creatinine levels (Sadzuka et al., 1992; Mansour et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4108, "input_1": ", 2009) but also induces genes involved in synapse formation andmuscle atrophy (Cohen et al., 2007; Moresi et al., 2010; Tang et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4109, "input_1": "Catecholamines, and particularly DA, are believed to increase the efficiency of cortical processing by augmenting the signal to noise (S:N) ratio, or the gain within cortical networks [4,37–39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4110, "input_1": "We recently described the promoter of the mouse and human SCN8A genes, which contain a cluster of four mutually exclusive 50 noncoding exons, exon 1a to 1d, each of which is spliced directly to the first coding exon (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4111, "input_1": "High GPx levels we obtained in group 4 (selenium-supplemented swimming) may seem as an expected result, and are in harmony with the results of the researchers cited above [8, 29, 33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4112, "input_1": "…for ptDNA may be complicated by the presence of NUPTs (nuclear sequences of plastid origin) (Roark et al. 2010; Kumar and Bendich 2011; Zheng et al. 2011), and the same difficulty may be faced in measuring mtDNA due to NUMTs (nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin) (Timmis et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4113, "input_1": "Of the beneficial actions of garlic, such as antitumorigenesis, antiatherosclerosis, blood sugar modulation and antibiosis, inhibition of the growth of cancer is perhaps the most notable (5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4114, "input_1": "This hypothesis was based on the evidence in the literature for significantly worse performance of adult CI users compared with adults with NH in the perception of pitch, timbre, and in the recognition of familiar melodies, as measured with music perception tests (Brockmeier et al., 2011; Kang et al., 2009; Looi, McDermott, McKay, & Hickson, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4115, "input_1": "These estimates can be used in transmission models to assess the potential effect of the intervention on a community level (Longini et al., 2004, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4116, "input_1": "…consistent with such a mechanism is supplied by the SSA studies performed in subcortical regions where the responses of adapting units are phasic, being typically restricted to the first 50 ms of the tone or less (Anderson et al., 2009; Malmierca et al., 2009; Pérez-González et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4117, "input_1": "Both the OS7 and OS8 lignin yields were approximately 65%, which was close to the lignin yields previously observed by Pan et al. (2006a) who employed higher temperatures and higher loadings of H2SO4 during the organosolv pretreatment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4118, "input_1": "Nucleotide sequences in databases indicate that some genes in soil bacteria genomes were originated from integration of plant genetic material (Doolittle et al., 1990; Smith et al., 1992; Wakabayashi et al., 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4119, "input_1": "They are scale-free, i.e., there are many nodes with few neighbors and few nodes with many neighbors, which are called hubs (Barabási et al 2011; Pavlopoulos\nCommunicated by: Ron AWevers\nElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-018-0140-0)…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4120, "input_1": "that idic Y is formed by homologous crossing-over between opposing arms on sister chromatids [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4121, "input_1": "and psychosocial adjustment from treatment including bother from side effects [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4122, "input_1": "To date, a handful of factors derived from testicular somatic cells, such as Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, and Leydig cells, have been demonstrated to influence SSC renewal, in particular glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), colony stimulating factor 1, and Wnt5a [4,5,6,7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4123, "input_1": "As expected a small number of protein bands (about a dozen) are shown in comparison to the whole proteome [19], however, when evaluated, only five proteins were detected capable of binding sub-fraction #5.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4124, "input_1": "We present an implementation of Yager’s [32, 33] idea, mainly using Kacprzyk and Yager’s [7], and Kacprzyk, Yager and Zadro ny's [8, 9] extensions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4125, "input_1": "Some studies specifically acknowledge active learning (Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2014), and one study also names blended learning (Strayer, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4126, "input_1": "DNA extraction in activated sludge is often carried out by the FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil [10,12,48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4127, "input_1": "For example, enumeration of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been shown to be a reliable prognostic marker for a number of cancers, including colorectal cancer and non–small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) [3, 21, 23, 24, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4128, "input_1": "Various theoretical accounts of this effect have been provided in the literature (see MacLeod, 1991; Aron, 2007, for reviews), but the most classical one invokes solving a conflict between the reading and naming response tendencies (Cohen et al., 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4129, "input_1": "The genetic map was obtained from the Rutger’s published map [2], and the PPL was computed using KELVIN.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4130, "input_1": "This result is in agreement with the findings that mouse embryos homozygous for a null goosecoid allele do not have gastrulation or neural induction defects (Yamada et al., 1995; Rivera-Perez et al., 1995) and chick embryos can develop normally even when manipulated so that their organizer does not express goosecoid(Psychoyos and Stern, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4131, "input_1": "The anatomic site of involvement was determined by the system reported by Knowles et al..[18] We specified lachrymal gland origin when the gland structure could be clearly recognized in the histopathological specimens.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4132, "input_1": "A comparison between the findings of Krajcarski et al. (1999) and the rested values in the present study revealed similar effects of pre- load and added load on peak trunk flexion and extensor moments. The EMG activity of the trunk extensor muscles (TES and LES) had similar responses to the loading conditions, although the pre-trial LES and TES EMG amplitudes from Krajcarski et al. (1999) were about 6 to 13 %MVC larger than was found in the current study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4133, "input_1": "Other than the transfer sometime after 50,000 years ago of the Yamuna River from the Indus to the Ganges (Clift et al. 2012), the timing of specific capture events cannot be reconstructed from the terrestrial evidence alone and in many cases remains unclear or imprecise (Clift and Blusztajn 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4134, "input_1": "Assessment for ALT in mouse GBM Previous characterization of human GBM has shown an association between mutations of ATRX and the maintenance of telomere length by ALT, or nontelomerase-based, pathways (1, 8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4135, "input_1": "Similar results were previously reported (Blume et al.2000; Grant and Loake 2000a, b; Grant et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4136, "input_1": "As a consequence, by their activities, earthworms could therefore modify metal speciation, mobility (Sizmur and Hodson, 2009) and bioavailability (Capowiez et al., 2011; Wen et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4137, "input_1": "…1–13, December 1, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc. 1\n2 Cell Metabolism 22, 1–13, December 1, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc.\n(Urakawa et al., 2006), the pro-hypertrophic effects of FGF23 on cardiac myocytes were blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of phospholipase Cg (PLCg) and calcineurin (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4138, "input_1": "While in our case we were worried about the compatibility of the most simple updating rules of the regularization parameter with the preservation of optimal complexity results, in [16] the main concern was the determination of regularizing parameters that optimize the accuracy of the quadratic model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4139, "input_1": "In addition, pairwise linkage disequilibrium coefficients were calculated and expressed as the D9 5 D/Dmax or D/Dmin, according to Thompson et al. (1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4140, "input_1": "These results also contradict previous studies that suggest low Fe levels contribute to ADHD symptoms [60,61]; instead supporting opposing studies that indicate Fe deficiency does not contribute to ADHD [62].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4141, "input_1": ", one-bit noise [13] flips a random bit of a binary solution before evaluation with probability p.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4142, "input_1": "Anticancer activities of antioxidants are investigated thoroughly revealing the most common mechanism of action as the fenton reaction in which antioxidants at higher concentrations act as oxidants to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells (Matés and Sánchez-Jiménez 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4143, "input_1": "Several edge-preserving filters (Hsieh 1998, Kachelriess et al 2001, Zhong et al 2004) have been proposed to reduce noise in CT images based on local characteristics of the projection data elements.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4144, "input_1": "Following precipitation with 0.3MNaAc and 2× volume of ethanol, the RNA was treated with DNAseI (Sigma) and quantified in a NanoDrop 1000 Spectrophotometer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4145, "input_1": "Cultural and socioeconomic factors when taken into consideration might also have an impact of the patient-treatment interaction and subsequently the overall response to therapy [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4146, "input_1": "(1996, p. 499) Kitzinger (1994, 1995) argues that interaction is the crucial feature of focus groups because the interaction between participants highlights their view of the world, the language they use about an issue and their values and beliefs about a situation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4147, "input_1": "br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al. (2001) even found different morula and blastocyst rates among clonal colonies obtained from the same donor cell fetus. In our investigation of in vivo developmental capacity after transfer of NT embryos to recipient cows, we did not observe significant differences in initial pregnancy (< day 40 of gestation) rates between transfected and non-transfected donor cells, which was also reported by Zakhartchenko et al. (2001). In contrast, Forsberg et al. (2002) reported lower rates of initial pregnancy for NT of transfected cells than for NT of non-transfected cells. In our study, the small number of recipients carrying transgenic and non-transgenic cloned embryos precludes a conclusive result concerning embryo survival to term. Nevertheless, we suggest that to some extent transfection procedures negatively affect fetal viability, since non-transgenic pregnancies were miscarried during the first trimester of gestation, though one initial TFCE pregnancy (44 days of gestation) was interrupted. On the other hand, two pregnancies of the FCE group were carried to term. This is supported by the findings of...", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4148, "input_1": "DGS composition was determined by the method described by Kim et al. (2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4149, "input_1": "It appears that the initial stimulation of growth by elevated CO2 allows forests to more quickly reach the point in stand development where environmental factors (light, water, nutrients, and so on) limit canopy production, but eventually, trees growing under ambient conditions reach a similar set of limitations to growth (Körner 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4150, "input_1": "We observe this effect in [23]; during training, their method can result in some members of the ensemble failing to receive any training signal.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4151, "input_1": "Biobran/MGN-3 also enhances NK activity in animals, including aged mice (25) and animal bearing tumor (17,26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4152, "input_1": "Furthermore, Fan et al. (2009) also advocate using model-based choices of d, favoring smaller values in models where the response provides less information.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4153, "input_1": "…control that can limit the opportunity for individuals to engage in illegal or harmful behavior; and mediate stressors that, in turn, may lead to the adoption of unhealthy coping mechanisms (Kawachi & Berkman, 2003; Link & Phelan, 1995; Sampson, 2003; Sampson, Morenoff, & Gannon-Rowley, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4154, "input_1": "To confirm the presence of metastases, sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as previously described (5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4155, "input_1": "Repression of proangiogenic and metastatic factors (VEGF, bFGF, MMP2, and MMP9) was also detected in VBL-treated cancer cells (6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4156, "input_1": "Large scale climatic conditions have been shown to affect avian productivity in general (Nott et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4157, "input_1": "Experimental as well as numerical methods were used to analyse the scenario of an RF exposed Petri dish (35 mm diameter) within a waveguide-based exposure setup at 1800 MHz (sXc-1800, Schuderer et al 2004b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4158, "input_1": "reported a better average motion ratio, but the signals also had substantially better SNR (25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4159, "input_1": "…et al., 2005) and the proposed impairment in the processing of visual oscillatory (flicker-) stimuli in HE patients (Kircheis et al., 2002; Timmermann et\nal., 2008), the aim of the present study was to follow-up on these findings and characterize alterations in the behavioral CFF,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4160, "input_1": "Three papers included in our review reported treatment contrasts and their 95% confidence intervals on two scales [12-14] – most likely assuming that both analyses have the same power.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4161, "input_1": "BDNF has been shown to interact with several neurotrans-\nmitter systems, including the DA (Spenger et al., 1995), serotonin (5-HT) (Lyons et al., 1999; Rumajogee et al., 2002), and NPY systems (Barnea and Roberts, 2001; Nawa et al., 1993, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4162, "input_1": "Comparison of testes size in lemurs and the sister taxon, the lorises, however, revealed no grade shift between the two groups of strepsirrhines in a previous study (Kappeler 1997a), making this explanation unlikely.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4163, "input_1": "It uses a CFD code, LeMANS [20,21], for the continuum regions, while using the DSMC code, MONACO [22], to simulate the rarefied regions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4164, "input_1": "2D and (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002)), led us to investigate the contribution of local and global intrinsic vascular signals to BOLD response variabilitymeasured from the bilateral sensory network across all experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4165, "input_1": "The impairment of mPFC in BD may be due, in part, to the symptoms of prominent cognitive and behavioral problems, including difficulties in making appropriate decisions (Minassian et al. 2004; Van der Gucht et al. 2009), which accompanied with bipolar mania.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4166, "input_1": "For the implementation we worked with the existing German ParGram grammar (Dipper, 2003), which already contained a syntactic treatment of German discourse particles.7 The German grammar also already contained a basic semantic AKR component (Bobrow et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4167, "input_1": "Accumulating studies elucidated that intraocular angiogenic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity were also mediated at least in part through VEGF activity [1, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4168, "input_1": "Daptomycin is two- to fourfold more active in cationadjusted Mueller-Hinton broth containing 50 g of Ca(2) /ml than in medium containing 20 to 25 g of Ca(2) /ml, the concentration of Ca(2) presently recommended by the NCCLS (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4169, "input_1": "Indeed, peripherally injected BC264 induced a hyperlocomotor activity in rats by increasing the extracellular levels of dopamine (Ladurelle et al. 1997) and of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the anterior nucleus accumbens.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4170, "input_1": "Recent studies have shown that adipophilin is correlated with the activated inflammatory state of monocytes in subjects with a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [22] and skin irritant cytotoxicity [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4171, "input_1": "—The NWR from the right lower limb was investigated according to a validated method.(21) Before formal measurements were started, the subjects underwent training to familiarize them with the pain threshold assessment procedure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4172, "input_1": "Descriptive statistics are presented as means and SD or percentages. t-Tests and chi-square tests were performed to assess sex differences for PA, sedentary time, physical fitness components (BMI, push-ups, curl-ups, and sit and reach), and the overall physical fitness score.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4173, "input_1": "…were reviewed by an independent radiologist regarding the degree of coronoid involvement (inclusion/ exclusion), the degree of osteoarthritis according to Broberg and Morrey (1986), and signs of prosthetic loosening according to the method developed by Popovic et al. (2007) for the proximal radius.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4174, "input_1": "In addition, bone marrow transplant retinopathy can mimic radiation retinopathy, and it is not possible to distinguish the 2 retinopathies unless affected patients have a history of exposure to one (eg, radiation) and not the other (eg, bone marrow transplantation); the same predicament occurs with the coexistence of diabetic retinopathy and radiation retinopathy.(8) Diseases and treatment complications that mimic radiation retinopathy may be additive, with resultant worse radiation retinopathy than would have been the case without the systemic disease (eg, diabetes mellitus) or treatment (eg, chemotherapy).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4175, "input_1": "Interestingly, the entry of non-zippering pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri, was found to be independent of clathrin (Bonazzi and Cossart, 2006), suggesting that pathogens have evolved alternate strategies to gain access to the intracellular environment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4176, "input_1": "This con®rms our and other's recent ®ndings in the rat (Porcella et al., 1998) and human (Straiker et al., 1999; Porcella et al. 2000) ciliary bodies of signi®cantly detectable levels of CB1 transcripts and proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4177, "input_1": "UMAC [9, 27] was introduced by Black, Halevi, Krawczyk, Krovetz and Rogaway in 1999.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4178, "input_1": "The most common prebiotics used in humans are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) of different polymerization degrees (Guerreiro et al., 2016), either obtained from vegetables by hydrolysis or enzymatically synthesized (Flores-Maltos et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4179, "input_1": "Along with proteins of the Bcl-2 family, other mitochondrial proteins are known to play a key role in mammalian cell apoptosis (Kroemer and Reed, 2000; Wang and Zhang, 2001, reviewed in Bayir and Kagan, 2008; Ola et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4180, "input_1": "These results reinforce literature data (Dantas et al., 1999; Ibusuki and Minamishima, 1990) demonstrating the ability of CV to increase NK cells activity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4181, "input_1": "Generally, plasma homocysteine levels increase with age and are higher in males than in females (Gonzalez-Gross et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4182, "input_1": "…(HPMC) (Kushida and Gotoda, 2013; Miyazaki et al., 2011) or enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (Miyazaki et al., 2011) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) (Friesen et al., 2008; Tanno et al., 2004) have demonstrated use…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4183, "input_1": "More recently, discrete-return lidar has been applied to several broad-leaved forests in North America (Popescu et al. 2003, 2004; Lim et al. 2003a; Lim and Treitz 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4184, "input_1": "Mammalian Derlin-1 participates in the retrotranslocation of major histocompatibility complex class I protein [21,22], and Derlin-2 and Derlin3, two other human paralogs, have been implicated in ERAD [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4185, "input_1": "Isolation of Full-Length ACIF1 Clones\nThe 131-bp cDNA-AFLP fragment for ACRE189 was used as probe to screen a cDNA library established from elicited tobacco cells (Durrant et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4186, "input_1": "Accordingly, loss of striatal muscarinic M2/M4 / autoreceptors, a condition that causes an increase in endogenous acetylcholine (Zhang et al., 2002), impairs LTD but\nnot LTP (Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4187, "input_1": "A couple of recent studies reported identifying large numbers of craniofacial enhancers; one study combined ChIP-seq for P300, H3K27ac, and H3K4me1 from neural crest cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (43), and the other study used ChIPseq for P300 from the whole face of E11.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4188, "input_1": "For example, it is well known that translation-invariant undecimated wavelets (Coifman and Donoho, 1995) are a dramatically more effective domain than the basic fully decimated orthogonal (or biorthogonal) wavelets for denoised a signal by shrinkage; the realization of\n1 This work was partially…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4189, "input_1": "Our data, along with previously published findings (3, 9), suggest an additional mechanism by which the functional sarcolemmal pool of KATP channels is regulated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4190, "input_1": "The length of yeast telomeres is regulated by the duplex telomeric DNA binding protein Rap1p (reviewed by Shore, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4191, "input_1": "HA monomer, consisting of two linked subunits; HA1 (~324 amino acids) and HA2 (~222 amino acids, (Webster et al., 1992), totally weighs about 60 kDa in the unglycosylated form (Sriwilaijaroen et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4192, "input_1": "…demonstrated that blocking MST1/2 kinase activities with a newly identified compound, 4-((5,10-dimethyl-6-oxo-6,10-dihydro-5H-pyrimido [5,4-b]thieno[3,2-e][1,4]diazepin-2-l)amino)benzenesulfonamide (XMU-MP-1), has benefits for intestinal and liver repair and regeneration in mice (Fan et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4193, "input_1": "The merging is based on the increase in the weighted-bycounts entropy [1] and is stopped by a threshold indicating the minimum number of training samples required to estimate a weight distribution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4194, "input_1": "Third, we used a meta-analysis technique to assemble the results of eligible studies, and the pooled results were presented in the format of quantitative data; whereas in the systematic review by Jiang et al, they only described the previous relevant studies and did not give a quantitative analysis for these studies.(13) Although studies comparing between ACDF and ACCF have been done, the optimal approach that provides better clinical effects in the treatment of CSM remains controversial.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4195, "input_1": "Ligation of SIRPα by CD47 is thought to promote the tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic region of SIRPα.(20) We therefore propose that either cis or trans interaction of CD47 with SIRPα on cDCs promotes CD4 cDCs survival in secondary lymphoid organs by inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4196, "input_1": "The normalized image is not processed by the log-Gabor filters that are used by IrisBEE software [13] to create the “iris code” for recognition purpose and no geometrics features are used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4197, "input_1": "Comparison of novel and annotated introns The GC content of both the novel and annotated introns sets was determined using the ‘geecee’ function within the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite (EMBOSS) (Rice et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4198, "input_1": "In mammals, it has been shown in vitro that glucocorticoids act at the level of the pituitary to stimulate GH gene expression [57].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4199, "input_1": "Although the majority of studies examining val66met have found no association with AD (20, 25, 27-36), at least two studies have suggested higher frequencies of the val allele among patients with AD (19, 37).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4200, "input_1": "Letters\nThe Role of Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Glaucoma Cannot Be Studied With Multivariable Regression Analysis Applied to Surrogates\nOcular perfusion pressure (OPP) is not easily directly measurable, and the difference between blood pressure and intraocular pressure (IOP) has been suggested as a simple surrogate of OPP.1 We write in relation to publications in this journal2,3 and elsewhere4 that have reported a significant association between OPP surrogates and glaucoma.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4201, "input_1": "Biological neurons in vivo show a substantial variability in the exact timing of action potentials to identical stimulus presentations (Calvin & Stevens, 1968; Softky & Koch, 1993; Shadlen & Newsome, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4202, "input_1": "Although not asked to patients themselves, our results indicated that physicians estimation was that patients’ perspective on NGS panels is likely to be highly positive (~66,5 %), coinciding with studies on pharmacogenomics/-genetics that did include patients in their study population [15, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4203, "input_1": "A number of factors can cause different time estimates from different molecular data (for detailed discussions, see Nikoh et al. 1997; Gu 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4204, "input_1": "Moreno et al. (1991); Rojas et al. (2001) and Moreira et al. (2008) have previously shown more isoamyl acetate production in coinoculation of S. cerevisiae with a non-Saccharomyces in wine fermentations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4205, "input_1": "Two of themost important group of proteins involved in the cell cycle machinery are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) (Murray, 2004; Chulu and Liu, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4206, "input_1": "The rationale for using hRPE cells was based on their ability to secrete L-dopa from tyrosine, catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase, as part of their eumelanin synthesis pathway (Ito and Wakamatsu 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4207, "input_1": "In contrast to the results here, Talukdar and Germida (1993) found that AMF colonization was different between lentil and wheat, and Scheublin et al. (2004) found that legumes were colonized by distinctly different AMF communities than nonlegume host plants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4208, "input_1": "Ozbag et al., found the prevalence of MBs to be 60 in 2002 (Ozbag et al. 2002) and 63 % in 2004 (Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004) in sheep hearts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4209, "input_1": "The studies on VA are conducted for several languages and actual datasets are acquired for different languages including English [12, 13], German [14], French [15], Spanish [16] and Chinese [17–19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4210, "input_1": "…implicated the MEK/ERK signalling pathway in IFN-γ-stimulated iNOS expression; thus, exposure of microglial/ macrophage cells to this cytokine in the presence of MEK or ERK inhibitors inhibited the effect of IFN-γ (Blanchette et al., 2003; Han et al., 2003; Park et al., 2005; Shen et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4211, "input_1": "Moreover, the publications suggest that the approach makes it possible to foster a ‘shared responsibility between students and instructors’ (McLaughlin et al., 2014, p. 242), and overall, optimising classroom time is often specifically emphasised (Gannod et al., 2008; Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4212, "input_1": "Six studies [7, 15, 20, 24, 26, 27] were prospective, and two studies [18, 23] were randomized controlled studies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4213, "input_1": "phi is a meta-program interpreted in [112, 24] as a second-order predicate which applies to the predicate p.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4214, "input_1": "The results of this study indicate that the accumulation potential of feathers are in accordance with Skoric et al. (2012) and Misztal-Szkudlinska et al. (2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4215, "input_1": "Another on-demand algorithm that considers several Markov models is ActiveLeZi [Gopalratnam and Cook, 2007].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4216, "input_1": "Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (6) was used to assess the degree of anxiety in pregnant women.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4217, "input_1": "The Western immunoblotting procedure was used to localize and quantify Ca2 -ATPase, PLN, CaM kinase II, and calsequestrin in SR membrane vesicles and cardiac muscle homogenates according to the procedure described by Xu and Narayanan (59).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4218, "input_1": "As stated by Spyropoulos (2000), a hospital infrastructure is composed of:\n(a) Human resources: physicians, nurses, administrative personal, technicians for equipment maintenance, etc. (b) Intensive therapy units, with an expensive infrastructure.\nll rights reserved.\nta Filho).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4219, "input_1": "Indeed, mammalian nuclear receptors such as PPAR-a and PPAR-c are activated by fatty acids or their derivatives [26,27] and structural analysis of the ligand binding domain of HNF4a revealed long chain fatty acids bound in the ligand binding pocket [35,36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4220, "input_1": "We retrospectively compared 2 methods that have been proposed to screen for IA [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4221, "input_1": "Mammals, birds and reptiles have six MBDs; nematodes and insects contain four MBDs, whereas bacteria or lower eukaryotes (e.g. yeast) contain only one or two MBDs (Yu et al. 2017a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4222, "input_1": "The implied translational impairment of Scp160p target mRNAs in Scp160p-deficient cells is consistent with their slow-growth phenotype, especially when grown on media supplemented with translation elongation inhibitors (11,12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4223, "input_1": "Despite these limitations, AFM has turned out to be very useful in practice, for example in helping to refine KC models in given task domains [1,18,19,23], as we do in the current paper.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4224, "input_1": ", 2001) have been conducted since the establishment of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as the standard of care, with six additional studies (Baigis et al., 2002; Lox et al., 1996; MacArthur et al., 1993; Perna et al., 1999; Stringer, Berezovskaya, O’Brien, Beck, & Casaburi, 1998; Terry et al., 2006) including subjects on some type of antiretroviral therapy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4225, "input_1": "In five consecutive sections, five measurements of GCL width were performed at 25 μm intervals (Haas et al., 2002; Houser, 1990) using AxioVision software (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4226, "input_1": "Several routing schemes as surveyed in [16] adopt the planar graph [24] derived from the unit disk graph (UDG) as their network topologies, such as GPSR [3], GFG [17], Compass Routing II [18], AFR [19], GOAFR [20] GOAFR+ [21], GOAFR++ [16], and GPVFR [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4227, "input_1": "b-catenin normally associates with E-cadherin and with a-catenin and thereby participates in the regulation of cell-to-cell adhesion (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4228, "input_1": ", 1983), along with downstream substrates, including NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs) and AMPA-receptors (AMPA-Rs) (Yoshimura et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4229, "input_1": "The Delphi method is an iterative, anonymous, data-driven survey method that facilitates expert-group consensus building.(22) The four defining characteristics of the Delphi method were upheld throughout the process: anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback, and statistical group response.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4230, "input_1": "These results are consistent with those of Liong and Shah, who reported that decreased fecal Escherichia coli counts result from probiotic feeding in rats (46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4231, "input_1": "…used in the present study has been proven to be suitable for the extraction of resveratrol from several transgenic plants (Szankowski et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2004; Rühmann et al., 2006), resveratrol has not been found in methanol or acetone extracts of strawberry (Aharoni et al., 2002;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4232, "input_1": "described the prevalence of ASD in England as 4/10 000 for children aged 8–10 years (Lotter 1966).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4233, "input_1": "The duration of phase I was estimated from the averaged response profile, as the time at which there was a marked inflection point in the _ VO2, _ V CO2 and _ V E response and change in end tidal oxygen, end tidal carbon dioxide and R from baseline values (Whipp et al. 1982).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4234, "input_1": "In the past, emails, e-consultations, and requests for medical advice via the Internet have been manually analyzed using quantitative or qualitative methods [1-6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4235, "input_1": "It has also been documented that children and adolescents with epilepsy experience more emotional and behavioural problems than healthy controls and others with chronic conditions [9-26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4236, "input_1": "Other investigators using different experimental models, animals, and anesthetic agents experienced similar difficulty in stabilizing the circulatory volume when a crystalloid solution, saline, or Ringer solution was used to replace the blood lost (8, 12, 40, 41, 44, 55).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4237, "input_1": "In the subsequent studies, Yoshida et al. (2004b) and Ishii et al. (2004) confirmed the reversibility of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase of Rhizobium sp. strain MTP-10005 and R.radiobacter WU-0108, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4238, "input_1": "We used the HB cell lines HUH6 (Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources, JCRB, Osaka, Japan), HepT1 [41], HepT3 [7], and HepG2 [42], as well as the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HUH7 (JCRB).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4239, "input_1": "…of a subpopulation of DA neurons which locate in the laterodorsal ventral tegmental area (VTA) (also referred to as medial and central VTA) (Valenti et al., 2012; Lammel et al., 2012), whereas short-term stress or other different chronic stressors (e.g., repeated intermittent stress)…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4240, "input_1": "(2007) focus on slow EEG oscillations observed during deeper levels of desflurane-induced general anesthesia and (Liley and Bojak, 2005) model the proconvulsive properties of several volatile anesthetic agents, most modeling efforts aim at understanding the dynamical mechanisms underlying bi-phasic responses (Bojak and Liley, 2005; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Steyn-Ross et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4241, "input_1": "In fact, a decrease of ROS production in AS-30D cells by the potent uncoupler CCCP, both in the presence and absence of arachidonic acid, was described in our previous publication (Dymkowska et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4242, "input_1": "Wine polyphenols can reduce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, counteracting a key mechanism of atherosclerosis [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4243, "input_1": "At these concentrations, protein expression of Cx-43 was reduced by 80% for up to 72 h (21), and protein expression of Tph1 was reduced by 90% for up to 72 h.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4244, "input_1": "Gas-phase smoke contains similar concentrations of these gases but is free of particulates (6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4245, "input_1": "For example, cocaine affects dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake, and the enhanced monoaminergic signals lead to addictive behaviors (Ritz et al. 1990; Ritz et al. 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4246, "input_1": "Reformulated from a neurobiological perspective, supraliminal stimuli induce global broadcasting i.e., long distance reinforcement and reverberation loops (Baars, 2002; Dehaene & Naccache, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4247, "input_1": "[25] Indeed, the polyfunctionality index (1) presented here allows us to favour more polyfunctional T cells in a linearly (q = 1) or exponentially (q.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4248, "input_1": "Assessing Risk of Bias\n Critical appraisal of the studies, based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (Higgins and Green 2009), involved assessing whether there was an adequate method of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of assessors, satisfactory treatment of attrition, including…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4249, "input_1": "Whole cell patchclamp recordings were performed at 30°C as described previously (20, 32, 37, 42, 45).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4250, "input_1": "…contrast to most anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 concentrations increases during endurance exercise in thermoneutral conditions (Nieman et al. 2012; Peake et al. 2005, 2008; Svendsen et al. 2014) and increases further when exercise is conducted in a hot laboratory environment (Peake et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4251, "input_1": "The reciprocal of k is the turnover time (1) or the time interval required for the biosynthesis of an amount of NE equal to that stored in the tissue.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4252, "input_1": "Determining the factors leading to current patterns of biodiversity loss in humandegraded landscapes is thus important in order to assess the likely effectiveness of future conservation efforts (Jeanneret et al. 2003a; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4253, "input_1": "In men, two studies [36, 43], indicated that obesity was associated with lower CRC screening rates.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4254, "input_1": "This may be partially explained by the fact that younger and healthier patients are often more likely to be initially selected for TJR [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4255, "input_1": "These methods have been used in identifying causal regulators in yeast (Friedman et al., 2000; Pe’er et al., 2001; Segal et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2008; Bing and Hoeschele, 2005; Kulp and Jagalur, 2006) and causal mediators of disease in mice (Schadt et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4256, "input_1": "In this regard, TONSL is already known to participate in the repair of collapsed or stalled replication forks (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010), which is also a known BRCA1 function (Pathania et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4257, "input_1": "The Real-time PCR has many other wider applications in other areas of research, such as microbiology, biotechnology, diagnostics and molecular medicine (Nolan et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4258, "input_1": "PCR amplification of the ITS region and PS36 and P74-75 SSR markers (Cooke et al. 2000; Dorrance and Grünwald 2009; Schena et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4259, "input_1": "Molecular markers and population genetic analyses have greatly facilitated our ability to assess previously unobtainable data on the ecological or evolutionary dynamics of metazoan animal parasites in natural populations (Criscione et al., 2005; de Meeûs et al., 2007a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4260, "input_1": "Four or more vessels involved by FTC has been proposed to have a worse prognosis[7,11-15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4261, "input_1": "Vol. 17, No. 4, December, 2013\ntranslocation of these enzymes to the plasma membrane and/or other membrane (Littler et al., 2006; CorbalánGarcía & Gómez-Fernández, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4262, "input_1": "d See MacWhinney and Snow (1985). e Satterthwaite’s method used, due to unequal variances.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4263, "input_1": "8).(8,13) These results are consistent with the reported differences in IOP values between diurnal and nocturnal raptors, considering ostriches’ natural diurnal behavior.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4264, "input_1": "They initialize their orthogonal mapping using an adversarial training phase, much like Conneau et al. [2018], and solve the optimization problem with alternating minimization. Our approach differs from theirs: by bootstrapping on the solution of a smaller problem to initialize the mapping, we avoid the need for a neural network initialization that is used in their approach. In addition, our annealing scheme on the entropic regularization leads to smooth convergence, with very little sensitivity to initialization. Concurrently with our work,1 Grave et al. [2018] tackle the problem of unsupervised word embedding alignment with a similar optimization framework as the one proposed by Zhang et al. [2017b], combining Wasserstein distances (an instance of optimal transport distances) and Procrustes alignment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4265, "input_1": "In support of this conclusion is the previous observation that the relative contribution of the nanosecond and microsecond processes to the HOOP mode decay was temperature-dependent (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4266, "input_1": "For Bd, initial gene calls were predicted using a combination of FGENESH30, GENEID31, EST-based genes and manual annotation; this initial set (previously made available on the Broad Institute website at https://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/ genome/batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis/MultiHome.html) was improved using 50,374,154 paired-end reads (10.1 Tb) from RNA sequenced on three lanes of Illumina HiSeq from in vitro cultures (Supplementary Table 1), as well as 1,390 transcripts (800 kb) from Bd infection (described in detail below).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4267, "input_1": "The remaining descriptive data were collected via observation during the field site characterization, and during previous experiments [19,20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4268, "input_1": "culturally dominant processing style (holistic or analytic thinking) (Nisbett et al., 2001), thinking", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4269, "input_1": "By pooling the feedforward inputs, a small proportion of V2 cells (Figure 3) and a large proportion of V4 cells (Chen et al., 2014) in the superficial (output) layers start to signal the global contour.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4270, "input_1": "However, they do not approach even the lowest suggested thresholds for P-limitation at the oldest site as used in other tests of progressive P limitation (Wardle et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4271, "input_1": "We report results with both the [26] and [27] versions of the detector of [14] as the baseline object detector.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4272, "input_1": "Similar results (i.e. that greater decreases observed in g than in Amax) have also been reported in other forest species (Monson & Grant, 1989; Green & Mitchell, 1992; Zhang & Marshall, 1994) and crop plants (Ismail & Hall, 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4273, "input_1": "Pre- and post-test1 both included measurements of the S-reflex, M-wave, and H-reflex, followed by an MVC. S-reflex testing was performed at 0 , as in the study by Avela et al. (1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4274, "input_1": "Clinically, they usually present with unilateral nasal obstruction, but other symptoms have also been reported such as epistaxis, purulent rhinorrhoea, postnasal drip, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, dysphonia, and dysphagia [3, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4275, "input_1": "In the context of the second application, it has been exemplifi ed in several studies that exact optimization can be very diffi cult for real-world instances ([18, 11, 13]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4276, "input_1": "For each LOOCV training set, the entire model building process was repeated, including the gene selection process.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4277, "input_1": "However, the amounts of the other PCR cycle enzymes and of electron transport components also vary in parallel with the amount of RuBisCO (von Caemmerer and Farquhar 1981; Makino et al. 1983).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4278, "input_1": "To fulfil this goal we used (as described in detail in the next section) the Th.o.m.a.s (Bosco et al., 2009a; see also Castellino et al., 2011; Laghi et al. in press), a semi-structured interview for investigating various aspects of ToM, plus a classical ToM test (Strange Stories test, Happé et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4279, "input_1": "Previous SPM studies (Salmon et al., 2000; Sakamoto et al., 2002; Kemp et al., 2003) matched the severity of dementia between early onset and late onset groups with MMSE or ADAS-cog (Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scalecognitive subscale) scores that reflect only the cognitive aspects of dementia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4280, "input_1": "5 Mice with GLUT1-haploinsufficiency exhibited impaired motor activity and coordination, microencephaly, and frequent seizures (51).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4281, "input_1": "However, this mechanism implies higher cost due to high usage of resources [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4282, "input_1": "The two\n baselines considered in our experiments are two representatives from parametric and non-parametric categories: 1) OU (Orstein-Uhlenbeck (Huang et al., 2016)): modeling the drift term using an Orstein-Uhlenbeck process (Gillespie, 1996), which is a stationary Gauss-Markov process with the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4283, "input_1": "In addition, p16 overexpression has been associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis in ovarian (51) and breast cancers (36).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4284, "input_1": "Notice that PCA can be seen as the basis of several other multivariate data analysis methods such as PLS (McIntosh et al., 1996; Lobaugh et al., 2001), whereby it is restricted to the brain–behavior covariate matrix.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4285, "input_1": "Although several antigens including CD163 and CD204 are known to be markers of M2 macrophages, only a few studies have described macrophage activation phenotypes (such as M1 and M2) in human cancer tissues [39,40].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4286, "input_1": "PCR-targeted mutagenesis was used to replace precisely the cmdABCDEF or SAV4098-4103 genes with an antibiotic resistant gene and then remove the marker but leaving an 81-bp \"scar\" sequence when necessary [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4287, "input_1": "Secondly, the results provide quantitative evidence regarding the difficulty of conveying privacy related functions and policies to users; earlier research has shown that users often do not read such policies [17, 19] or are not able to comprehend them [15, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4288, "input_1": "These results are similar to a previous report [3] and suggest that mirror-image allodynia was successfully induced, although the degree of mirror-image allodynia was significantly smaller than the primary (ipsilateral) allodynia, as reported previously in the same rats [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4289, "input_1": "Human leukemia cell lines, HL60 [38] and RPMI8226 [39], were purchased from DS Pharma Biomedical (Osaka, Japan) and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, California) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and a 1% penicillin-streptomycin mixture (Sigma) at 37uC under 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator and passaged every three days.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4290, "input_1": "With respect to the contradicting results of other studies (Licausi et al., 2011; Weits et al., 2014), we propose that the air humidity during the recovery\nperiod is a crucial factor for the length of survival of submergence in darkness, which was shown here for treatment of the different genotypes…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4291, "input_1": "Receptors of virtually every type have been shown to stimulate the production of the phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P3) and PtdIns-3,4-P2 (Auger et al., 1989; Serunian et al., 1991; Gold and Aebersold, 1994; Gold et al., 1994; Okada et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4292, "input_1": "The concentration of katanin in mitotic spindle poles (McNally and Thomas, 1998) and the specific activation of katanin’s activity in Mphase Xenopus extracts (Vale, 1991; McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggest that katanin may also sever microtubules from their centrosomal attachments during mitosis in non-neuronal cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4293, "input_1": "For time-varying discrete-time wavelet transform, in literature there are some papers related with this topic by studying the changes of two different filter banks [10,11,12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4294, "input_1": "The unique hydrogen bonding pattern and the small variation in the derived geometrical restraints provide the foundation for the previous assignment algorithms that use either hydrogen bond (DSSP(Dictionary of Secondary Structure of Proteins) [4], STRIDE [5] and SECSTR [6] and SST [7]) or geometrical restraint as inputs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4295, "input_1": "However, in both cases (Safran et al. 2005; Finnegan et al. 2008)\nit was not possible to show a correspondence between topographic properties and climate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4296, "input_1": "have mitral regurgitation secondary to congestive heart failure have a unique pattern of flow across the mitral valve in systole which consists of early systolic accentuation of mitral regurgitant flow with lesser flow in the latter two-thirds of systole (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4297, "input_1": "Therefore this feature has also been included by making use of an automatic event co-reference system by Chen et al. (2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4298, "input_1": "In this section, we present a detailed evaluation of the GSP and ASFALT mechanisms using the sensor network simulation tool J-Sim [16] and compare their performance to the signature-based scheme proposed by Fang et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4299, "input_1": "CMA yields significant rates of pathogenic or potentially pathogenic (VOUS) results [2,11–20], which have clinical utility for the case-by-case clinical management of individuals with these individually rare disorders [23–34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4300, "input_1": "1991), allozymes (Jaaska 1980, 1981; Dudnikov 2000; Dudnikov and Kawahara 2006), AFLP (Saeidi et al. 2008; Mizuno et al. 2010), SSR (Pestsova et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4301, "input_1": "Two are re-analyses of data from large adverse event studies of all ages described earlier [23, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4302, "input_1": "We choose hierarchical parameter priors following Smith and Kohn [15] and Nott and Green [14], taking the prior for β̄γ given γ and σ 2 to be Normal", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4303, "input_1": "The GABAB(1) subunit is predominantly expressed in the CNS as one of two isoforms:\nGABAB(1a) or GABAB(1b) (Kaupmann et al. 1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4304, "input_1": "…endosperm harvested 18 d after pollination and stored at 808C were cut into small pieces and treated with 2% (w/v) formaldehyde in ice-cold PBS buffer for 4 h. Cross-linking was quenched by addition of 2 M glycine for 1 h. Total proteins were then extracted as described by Boehlein et al. (2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4305, "input_1": "Temporal trends and age-specific rates were plotted using a semilog scale, with a y- to x-axis ratio of 1 log cycle=40 years, such that an angle of 10° portrayed a change of 1% per year.(22) We aggregated data over years to derive more stable rate estimates.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4306, "input_1": "fumaroxidans was built from KEGG [43] (S6 Dataset and S7 Dataset) using the RAVEN Toolbox [42], which uses protein homology to identify the KEGG Orthology (KO) ID for each gene in a genome.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4307, "input_1": "It was also hypothesised that scores on all instruments would be significantly worse for women with more incontinence episodes [18], and for those who did not perceive any treatment benefit at", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4308, "input_1": "After divergence from chicken, the mammalian lineage acquired three additional 50 noncoding exons that lack\nsequence similarity to exon 1c. Exon 1a is derived from LINE element sequence (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4309, "input_1": "The ability to predict Great Plains droughts with climate models on the basis of such information is not yet settled, with models differing in their ability to simulate droughts from a range of causes (McCrary and Randall 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4310, "input_1": "They demonstrated by in vitro and ex vivo studies that ATP1A1 mutants showed loss of pump activity and strongly reduced affinity for potassium, causing inappropriate depolarization of the cells (Beuschlein et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4311, "input_1": "In the upper Beni basin, the reaches with maximum steepness and concavity values result in erosional unloading over a ca. 20- km-long spatial scale (Safran et al. 2005; Blodgett and Isacks 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4312, "input_1": "Then the value of only the voxels belonging to the ROS is estimated in a second step, with a constrained algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) implemented at different resolution [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4313, "input_1": "However, in contrast to our study Steyn-Ross et al. (1999), Bojak and Liley (2005) and Hutt and Longtin (2010) did not observe increased EEG frequencies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4314, "input_1": "2007), indicating lower dopamine release in the NAcc and a lower behavioral response to psychostimulants in the DBA rather than the C57mice (Zocchi et al. 1998; Ventura et al. 2004a; b; Orsini et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4315, "input_1": "The difficulties grow exponentially as the coexisting pathologies and treatments increase.(17) Indeed, it has been reported that adherence may be different in clinical populations throughout the aging and in the change in neuropsychological functioning.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4316, "input_1": "The sgl gene has been shown to be expressed differentially during development (Binari et al. 1997; Haerry et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4317, "input_1": "3 There exist other modes and determinisms but they are outside the scope of this paper; we refer to [13] for details", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4318, "input_1": "Although Pascalis et al. (2005) showed exposure can maintain infants’ discrimination of monkey faces, more recent research has examined what type of exposure promotes infants continued discrimination of monkey faces.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4319, "input_1": "Imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants due to increased chemical reaction or insufficient antioxidant defence system results in oxidative stress [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4320, "input_1": "…have long regarded attitudes towards AAP beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries as related, but ultimately separable, and evidence supports that attitudes toward the in-group and the out-group have independent effects on individuals’ reactions to AAPs (Harrison et al., 2006; Lowery et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4321, "input_1": "She had neither clinical and laboratory findings of infection as tuberculosis, or protein-losing enteropathy, regional ileitis, cirrhosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, thrombosis of the superior vena cava, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, Behcet’s disease, and malignancy nor a history of surgery or traumatic etiology for chylous ascites and chylothorax [2, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4322, "input_1": "Although there is a continued debate about the role of PAE [66,68,69], it has proven to be a useful and important tool for identifying AOEs [58,70,71,72].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4323, "input_1": "source-relay distance and the relay-destination distance are both normalized to unit value [16], and the relay-eavesdropper distance dre is set to be 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4324, "input_1": "agent was reported to reduce the risk of cardiac mortality [4] and to have an anesthetic sparing effect [5-7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4325, "input_1": "6 %, which is in the middle range of findings of previous studies (3%-58%) (Massie and Holland, 1984; Ciaramella and Poli, 2001; Uchitomi et al., 2003; Katz et al., 2004; Ell et al., 2005; Boyd et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Mitchell et al., 2012; Palmer et al., 2012; Pirl et al., 2012; Tada et al., 2012; Warmenhoven et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4326, "input_1": "Trivers (1971) argued that the evolution of a trait for benefiting genetically unrelated individuals is also possible as long as the benefactor selects recipients that are likely to provide return benefits (i.e., has a good reputation as a reciprocator) and hence the costs of helping can be…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4327, "input_1": "The doses and volumes of the agonist and antagonist were the same as used in our previous studies (20, 21, 48, 52, 53, 55) and similar to those used by others (22, 35, 62, 68).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4328, "input_1": "Because the data were generated with the same model which BayesMallows and PerMallows used for inference, we expected that the Mallowsbased methods would perform better than the rank aggregation methods we considered.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4329, "input_1": "Anti-PLA2R antibodies is an important factor in the occurrence of MN.(31) In general, anti-PLA2R antibodies is considered as a useful biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with MN.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4330, "input_1": "…coefficient)\nCDa ¼ Zh\n0\nPADðzÞ uðzÞ 2\nu0w0ð42 mÞ dz\n0\n@\n1\nA\n1\nð10Þ\nBoth of the methods give plausible results (for the west wind sector: CD ¼ 0:130 and CDa ¼ 0:132) and they are very close to the values found in literature (e.g. Amiro 1990; Kerzenmacher and Gardiner 1998; Pinard and Wilson 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4331, "input_1": "Such profiles were introduced by Dolan and Moré [8] as a manner to compare the performance of a set of solvers S on a test P.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4332, "input_1": "AVP was quantified as previously described (9) with the use of an antibody (Ab 3096) recently produced in our laboratory (final dilution 1:800,000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4333, "input_1": "This susceptibility to proactive interference after hippocampal damage has already been reported by others [Owen and Butler, 1981; but for different results, see BeasonHeld et al. (1999) and Zola et al. (2000)] and suggests that, at delays lasting more than a few minutes, monkeys with hippocampal…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4334, "input_1": "In this study, according to the method described by Williams and Rakic (1988) and West and Gundersen (1990), we observed the pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells in the cross sections of the middle portion of a hippocampus that had been sliced into 60 cross sections, 8 lm thick per section.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4335, "input_1": "Milk fat globule-EGF-factor (MFGE8), also named lactadherin, PAS 6/7, SED1, BA46, p47, is a secreted glycoprotein first described in milk fat globules released in milk by mammary epithelial cells [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4336, "input_1": "ImageNet We also carry out experiments on the ImageNet 2012 classification data set [5], which has 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4337, "input_1": "…mucus provides an important carbon source for coral-associated bacteria (Ferrier-Pages et al. 2000; Brown and Bythell 2005; Wegley et al. 2007; Allers et al. 2008; Kimes et al. 2010), changes in production rates of mucus due to abiotic factors (e.g. temperature and/or irradiance) (Piggot et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4338, "input_1": "The main ideas include optimization of the patient’s preoperative state, use of minimally invasive surgical techniques, balanced intravenous fluid therapy, multimodal non-opioid analgesia, and early mobilization and nutrition [3, 4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4339, "input_1": "where I(r, z, t) is the dynamic component of the acoustic intensity due to the interaction of the pressure waves [3–5], vi = pi/q0c0, i = a, b, describes the particle velocity for each beam -q0 being the ambient density of the medium – and * denotes the complex conjugate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4340, "input_1": "In agreement with previous studies, these results confirm that the most likely etiology for pediatric noncardiac chest pain is musculoskeletal [5,8,9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4341, "input_1": "The activity-dependent increase of G-CSF concentration, which we have shown in the present work, supports the notion that increased cell numbers were the result of an increased mobilization from bone marrow, as G-CSF is probably the most potent progenitor cell mobilizing cytokine (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4342, "input_1": "have shown that the distended region of the intestine demonstrates inflammatory reactions, which could cause the disruption of the ICC network [8,16,17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4343, "input_1": "Selective attrition analyses revealed no significant differences in project site, race, ethnicity, gender, or child problem behavior (Dishion et al. 2008). Models were tested inMplus 5.21 (Muthén andMuthén 2009) with a full information maximum likelihood (FIML) approach. Although there was some missing data at the two time points (n=651–731 for parent reported measures, n=559–693 for observed variables, including speech samples), FIML accommodates missing data and provides less biased estimates than listwise or pairwise deletion (Schafer and Graham 2002). Using FIML procedures, analyses included all participants except when they were missing data on an independent predictor that cannot be estimated with missingness (e.g., a covariate, such as poverty), resulting in an effective sample size of 728. The use of Mplus also permitted evaluation of multiple indices of model fit including Chi-square, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and the significance of individual paths. J Abnorm Child Psychol (2014) 42:1275–1285 1279", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4344, "input_1": "In their classic paper (Hennessy and Milner, 1985), Hennessy and Milner defined an alternative non-increasing (with respect to set inclusion) sequence 'i, i ≥ 0, of approximants to bisimilarity as follows:\n• P '0 Q always holds.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4345, "input_1": "An understanding of the roles of food availability, vegetation cover, grazing intensity and burning on bird nesting success across management types (Little et al. 2013) bring us closer to understanding the overall effect of farming practices on birds in the system as compared to the conservation area.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4346, "input_1": "While we cannot exclude alternative models, our findings are consistent with models in which TRIM5α engages lentiviral CA through two sets of contacts, one in the structurally conserved β-hairpin and the second at the junction between binding sites of at least four cellular cofactors [25, 78, 79].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4347, "input_1": "(2002) showed significant reduction of CP-induced creatinine increase by AMG (Mansour et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4348, "input_1": "In addition, a lipid decontamination algorithm using a regularized reconstruction according to Bilgic et al (53) was performed, and the lipid contamination was again compared for all data sets.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4349, "input_1": "Participants The present study is an analysis of previously gathered data on 58 white men and 49 premenopausal women, without overt disease, who were recruited from the general public and had participated in previously published exercise- and/or diet-induced weight loss studies at Queen’s University (Kingston, ON, Canada) [7, 23–25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4350, "input_1": "However, the eigenproblem assumes a constraint of X X = I [14], which results in normalised coordinate vectors x in each dimensional space.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4351, "input_1": "After shear exposure, cell lysates were obtained and ERK activation in the cell lysates (10 μg) was examined by Western blot analysis with the use of an antibody specific to the active, phosphorylated form of ERK (phospho-ERK) (New England Biolabs) as described previously (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4352, "input_1": "…double blind crossover pattern separated by 7 days, which has been previously demonstrated to allow suYcient time to ensure that there are no eVects of previous supplementation on subsequent blood hormone and chemical analysis (Brown et al. 1999, 2000b, 2002; King et al. 1999; Earnest et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4353, "input_1": "Inasmuch as previous studies have shown that COX-2 is induced in response to hypoxia in HUVEC in vitro, these cells were used as a positive control in the hypoxia experiments (19, 40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4354, "input_1": "Although Soge et al. (2009) were able to amplify a fragment of 686 base pairs of the tet(M) gene in two out of 92 C. perfringens soil and water isolates that carried tetA(P) and tetB(P), the tet(M) gene has not been previously found in any clinical strain of C. perfringens that also carried tetB(P)…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4355, "input_1": "…in superioinferior breast displacement has also been positively correlated with increases in exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010), and consequently breast biomechanics research has made recommendations to wear a high level of breast support (sports bra) when…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4356, "input_1": "The ML analysis was carried out using RaxML 7.2.8 (Stamatakis 2006) under the GTR + model of evolution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4357, "input_1": "MT is also produced as an intermediate of dimethylsulfide (DMS) degradation (Lomans et al., 1999a, 2002; Bentley and Chasteen, 2004; Schäfer et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4358, "input_1": " Bezeichner: Hierzu gibt es genau eine Instanz des Konzepts Identifier, deren regulärer Ausdruck demjenigen von Bezeichnern der Java Spezifikation [53] entspricht.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4359, "input_1": "Effect of incubation temperature on the production of alkaline enzymes\nThe physical factors like incubation temperature, ini-\ntial pH and aeration play a vital role in enzyme production as they modulate bacterial growth (Gupta et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4360, "input_1": "The argument given in [112] for justifying extensionality is that phi(q) should hold like phi(p) because p and q have the same extension.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4361, "input_1": "Selective attrition analyses revealed no significant differences in project site, race, ethnicity, gender, or child problem behavior (Dishion et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4362, "input_1": "PFC patients and controls did not differ with respect to the amount of time spent making the first move on each tower, a finding consistent with previous studies (Andres & Van der Linden, 2001; Goel & Grafman, 1995; Jacobs & Anderson, 2002; Owen et al., 1990; Rushe et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4363, "input_1": "These estimates of genetic correlations are within the ranges reported in the literature (Veseth et al., 1993; Wilson et al., 1993; Koots et al., 1994b; Marshall, 1994; Gregory et al., 1995), except for the correlation between fat thickness and hot carcass weight.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4364, "input_1": "…further or more often to meet the energetic requirements of their members (Milton 1984; Janson 1988; Wrangham et al. 1993; Chapman et al. 1995), and previous studies on Amboseli groups have found that dry periods are associated with increased time spent foraging (Bronikowski and Altmann 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4365, "input_1": "GIS is increasingly being used in developing countries in order to examine potential access to health facilities and to plan the location of new treatment centres, for example, in relation to treating malaria [71, 83], tuberculosis [95] , access to HIV treatment [94], planning public mental health and cancer resources [7, 72, 84] and to examine attendance patterns at rural clinics [91].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4366, "input_1": "These plants may be optimal sources for the choice of pharmaceutical phytocomplexes to be used as insecticides/repellents based on the knowledge of isolated active ingredients with activity against defined target insects [10,17,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4367, "input_1": "With regard to open studies, all of the open studies investigating the cognitive effects of rTMS in depression stimulated the left DLPFC via high frequency rTMS (Triggs et al., 1999; Martis et al., 2003; Fabre et al., 2004; O’Connor et al., 2005; Kuroda et al., 2006; Bloch et al., 2008; Vanderhasselt et al., 2009; Holtzheimer et al., 2010; Harel et al., 2011, in press; Leyman et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4368, "input_1": "Whole-cell patch clamp configuration was used to measure potassium currents as previously described with some modifications [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4369, "input_1": "the fact that in mammals many UCEs serve as developmental enhancers (de la Calle-Mustienes et al. 2005; Woolfe et al. 2005; Pennacchio et al. 2006; Visel et al. 2008) prompted us to consider a plausible role of Drosophila UCEs in transcriptional regulation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4370, "input_1": "The current size of the European Gypsy population is estimated to be about eight million [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4371, "input_1": "In humans, CRP interacts with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and complement to accelerate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4372, "input_1": "We get a DAE semidiscrete system, where the algebraic chemistry equations are written at each point of the mesh [6,8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4373, "input_1": "CELF1 CLIP had previously been reported from postnatal mouse brain [24], and CLIP-seq from mouse C2C12 myoblasts [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4374, "input_1": "More precisely, we will study a scalar field in the polymer representation [8, 9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4375, "input_1": "It has been shown that in vitro passage can reduce virulence of a strain due to genetic modification (Chalmers et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4376, "input_1": "The IRE1-ASK1-JNK signalling pathway is also a cell death pathway, because JNK-mediated phosphorylation has been known to activate the pro-apoptotic BCl-2 family member BIM, while inhibiting the antiapoptotic protein BCl-2 [23,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4377, "input_1": "In the only other study, to our knowledge, to examine antibiotic timing and its effect on persistent bacteremia, no significant difference was found in the timing of vancomycin initiation in patients with pMRSAB and patients with npMRSAB.(3) We did not detect an association between vancomycin use and pSAB in our study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4378, "input_1": "There is an enormous diversity of anamorphic fungi growing on rotten wood and dead branches in tropical forests of southern China, and several mycological investigations dealing with many new species collected in this region have recently been published (Yuan&Dai 2008; Zhang et al. 2009; Dai et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4379, "input_1": "We only consider images that contain any of the 20 Pascal classes and (following [48]) only objects with a bounding box area larger than 200 pixels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4380, "input_1": "To investigate the performance of animals in a non-hippocampal dependent task, we used the Novel Object Recognition task with time delays of one or four hours in a protocol adapted from Ennaceur and Delacour [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4381, "input_1": "For each RNA editing site, we applied the GLiMMPS statistical model [24] to SNPs within a 400-kb window centered at the editing site.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4382, "input_1": "We formalize Shannon’s model [16] by representing an encryption system as a permutation-valued random variable.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4383, "input_1": "Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) [26] Depression was assessed using the German version of the depression scale of the PHQ [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4384, "input_1": "The need to bring scientific rigor to online behavioral interventions was outlined in a statement from the International Society for Research on Internet Interventions [57], as well as by other researchers [58,59].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4385, "input_1": "Imagebased models yielded joint kinematics, net joint moments, hip joint forces, muscle activation patterns and bone strains in the proximal-lateral femoral shaft in agreement with earlier studies (Aamodt et al., 1997; Bergmann et al., 2001; Inman et al., 1989; Kadaba et al., 1989; Stacoff et al., 2005). We found errors in the hip-joint-centre location of up to 2.01 cm for the scaled-generic model, which is similar to the 2.09 proximal shift of the hip-jointcentre location reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009). Errors in the flexion–extension moment arms of the hip-spanning muscles over the investigated activities were as high as 38.9% (Table 3), which agrees with the 36.3% error reported by Scheys et al. (2008) for gait. The 0.52 BW difference between scaled-generic and imagebased hip joint forces reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009) for walking compares well with the 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4386, "input_1": "These asymptotic rates match those obtained for the unconditional density estimator in Sriperumbudur et al., 2017.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4387, "input_1": "5\nThe first set of experiments consists of a subset of the FedBench (Schmidt et al. 2011) benchmark and aims to\n5See (Schmidt et al. 2011; Dolby et al. 2007) for additional information on the datasets used.\ncompare our approach to the FedX and Alibaba.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4388, "input_1": "These results are in line with several nested case control studies among survivors of adult cancers, which also demonstrated increased risks of subsequent GI cancer associated with RT as well as linear radiation dose–response relationships for stomach cancer among studies in survivors of testicular cancer [55], Hodgkin lymphoma [56], both testicular cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma [57], and cervical cancer [58], for esophageal cancer among survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma [59] and breast cancer [60], and for pancreatic cancer among Hodgkin lymphoma survivors [61].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4389, "input_1": "We gave participants the\nopportunity to write messages in support of American troops combatting ISIS: we assigned a score of 100 to participants who chose to write a message, and a score of 0 to those who did not (Kteily et al., 2015, Study 5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4390, "input_1": "synthase (PaKCS6) (Khadivi-Khub 2015; Balbontı́n et al. 2014, 2013; Kasai et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2006; Lu et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2006; Moctezuma et al. 2003; Schuch et al. 1991; Peet 1992; Cuartero et al. 1981) have also been identified to be closely associated with fruit cracking, which also shows the importance of the fruit pericarp in cracking.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4391, "input_1": "…stimulation. nlp-3p::gfp is expressed in the ADF, NSMR and HSN serotonergic neurons, as well as many sensory neurons, suggesting that peptides encoded by nlp-3 are released as cotransmitters with 5-HT from the serotonergic neurons and glutamate from the sensory neurons (Nathoo et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4392, "input_1": "Kongkam et al. 2009 (40)\nCase series report Morphine and other opioid and/or nonopioid drugs\nPump dislodgment/migration in 2 of 13 patients (15.4", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4393, "input_1": "Most partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming models use data distribution techniques similar to those provided by Chapel[7, 8, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4394, "input_1": "Our finding supports the results of the earlier studies that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with psychiatric disorders with a primary affective component (Contreras et al., 2010; Gressier et al.,2016; Buoli et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4395, "input_1": "[1,2] suggest to perform critiquing by assessing the compliance of a physician's intentions with the intentions behind a medical protocol.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4396, "input_1": "Consistent with the results of our study, various authors have reported a direct relationship between salvageability of ruptured testicles and surgical intervention [6, 10] (Table 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4397, "input_1": "Cravings were measured using the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) (Bohn et al. 1995), the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) (Anton et al. 1995), the Questionnaire on Smoking UrgesBrief (QSU-B) (Cox et al. 2001), and a smoking Visual Analogue Scale (S-VAS) on which scores range from 1 to 10…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4398, "input_1": "Brain imaging (Altmann et al., 2003; Kourtzi et al., 2003; Qiu et al., 2016; Tanskanen et al., 2008) and electrophysiological (Chen et al., 2014) studies have shown that multiple cortical areas are involved in integrating discrete contour fragments into global contours.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4399, "input_1": "The CD4+ T cells stimulated with the weak or strong IL-2 protocol, described above, were left uninfected or were infected with 200 ng each of HIV1NL-E and HIV-1NLAD8-D per 1610 6 cells for 2 h, extensively washed, and cultivated in 48-well tissue culture plates (16106 per well) in 10% FBS-RPMI containing IL-2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4400, "input_1": "Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are often detected as the first sign of b-cell autoimmunity [1,2] and they are commonly present in children diagnosed with T1D at a young age [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4401, "input_1": "2 eV [24], graphene can accept the photoexcited electrons from TiO2, thus hinders the electron–hole recombination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4402, "input_1": ", after 30 d or 12 mo) to be the outcome of interest.([9,12,25]) In our opinion, an adequate treatment result is achieved if patients not only survive the first year after hip fracture but also maintain their independence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4403, "input_1": "3 and 4) and incubation is maintained over this period (Grimm et al., 2001; Lu et al., 2004b; c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4404, "input_1": "Similar to previous studies (Little et al. 2009; Schiff et al. 2011; Shinmyo et al. 2015), we\nvisualized and analyzed reciprocal trajectories between thalamus and cortex globally and in detail using different neuroanatomical techniques.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4405, "input_1": "…that various mechanisms such as telomere shortening, histone modification, DNA methylation and miRNA expression affect the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs, resulting in cell senescence (Bonab et al., 2006; Noer et al., 2006; Wagner et al., 2008; Zhang et al.,\n2008; Bork et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4406, "input_1": "Three DDR2 binding sites have been mapped on the collagen triple helix by us(26) for collagen type 1 and by others using the collagen toolkit for collagen type 2.(27) All of the three reported binding sequences are conserved in the α1 chain of collagen types 1, 2 and 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4407, "input_1": "Activating marks include the trimethylation of the fourth lysine on histone 3 (H3K4me3), which is associated with active promoters at genes enriched in CpG islands (see below), and acetylation of the 27th lysine of histone H3 (H3K27Ac), which is a mark of active enhancers, whereas repressed chromatin states are often marked by H3K27me3 [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4408, "input_1": "Previous studies reported that 2~5 cohesive elements in the cohesive zone are sufficient to characterize crack propagation in materials (Falk et al., 2001; Turon et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4409, "input_1": "thermophilus at mid-stationary phase are similar to those observed at both mid-log and late stationary phases in this organism (Okanishi et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4410, "input_1": "Cases were identified and clinical data collected through the Genetic Studies of Human Developmental Disorders at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI or the A/M Clinical Registry at the Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.\nGenomic DNA was extracted using the Autopure LS system (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) from blood or buccal samples and the SOX2 coding region was amplified using primers: set 1 forward, 5'-AGT CCC GGC CGG GCC GAG-3', and set 1 reverse, 5'-GGT AGC CCA GCT GGT CCT G-3', and set 2 forward, 5'-CAA GAC GCT CAT GAA GAA GG-3', and set 2 reverse, 5'-TAC TCT CCT CTT TTG CAC CC-3'.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4411, "input_1": "The selected journals were based on those used in the earlier studies by Kohl and Davis (1985) and by Nisonger and Davis (2005), additional ones suggested by participants in the latter study, and the 20 journals with the highest JIF in the Information Science and Library Science category of the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4412, "input_1": "ALEPHExactL2 : Uses the limited-memory BFGS algorithm (Liu & Nocedal, 1989) implemented in ALCHEMY to learn discriminative MLN weights for the clauses in the final theory returned by ALEPH.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4413, "input_1": "The problem of obtaining genuine replicates in spatially connected systems such as rivers are difficult when the hypotheses aim to test ecological processes predicted to change along environmental gradients (Oksanen, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4414, "input_1": "Pectoral muscle and liver mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation as described previously (Trzcionka et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4415, "input_1": "Upon activin stimulation, Smad2 associates with Smad4, accumulates in the nucleus, and interacts with the DNAbinding protein, FAST-1 or FAST2 (reviewed in Attisano and Wrana, 1998; Kretzschmar and Massagué, 1998; Heldin et al., 1997; Whitman, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4416, "input_1": "Full details of the data collection are given in White (2007) and White and Warner (2007b), but in short the dataset consists of the number of bluehead wrasse emerging on and disappearing from each transect each day during a 6-d window following two separate monthly settlement pulses (as well as…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4417, "input_1": "The pABS042 construct was similar in design to that used to produce ABS 149 (Da Silva et al. 2011b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4418, "input_1": "Prior research has demonstrated that this training program produces sustained improvement in clinicians’ knowledge, self-efficacy for managing IPV, and positive attitudes about the nurse and physician role in addressing IPV (Hamberger et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4419, "input_1": "However and in contrast to our results, other works demonstrated that the repeated subcutaneous administration of morphine did not induce antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic tolerance after the partial sciatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain (Narita et al., 2011; Sounvoravong et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4420, "input_1": "Finally, observations from a general p(P | ·) can be simulated via the Langevin±Hastings algorithm; see Roberts & Rosenthal (1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4421, "input_1": "All transplantations were performed using the bicaval anastomosis technique.(13) Primary graft failure after HTwas defined as need for immediate post-HT mechanical circulatory support.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4422, "input_1": "This result was first rigorously proved for the Maxwell type of interaction models by Bobylev, Carrillo and Gamba [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4423, "input_1": "We compared our results with those of Marini et al.[26] and the North Dublin Population Stroke Study [27] on prevalence analysis by age group and gender: our results showed a higher prevalence than\nMarini et al. in men for all age groups and for women < 60 years and women > 80 years.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4424, "input_1": "Following past work, we show that such basis models can be learned from 2D annotations using techniques adapted from nonrigid structure from motion (SFM) [20, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4425, "input_1": "It was recently [31] reported that in RBCs, activation of eNOS by L-arginine has an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4426, "input_1": "In all strains, Pex3pmRFP could be found in the 20KgP fraction, which contains both mature and some forms of immature peroxisomes (Tam et al., 2003; Vizeacoumar et al., 2003, 2004), and in the 200KgP fraction containing vesicular structures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4427, "input_1": "The level of the participants’ dementia varied from mild to extremely severe, as assessed by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [20], Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) [21] or Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4428, "input_1": "These results are in agreement with the data of the literature [1–5] about the presence of sleep disturbances in AD and their relationship with the degree of cognitive impairment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4429, "input_1": "development of genetic tools for species within Planctomycetes [71] and Verrucomicrobia [72] makes this hypothesis testable in the future using targeted mutagenesis, immunoelectron microscopy and other approaches requiring genetic tools.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4430, "input_1": "A reduction in TNF- and IL-1 has been associated with weight and fat reduction, as well as with improved insulin sensitivity [3] and thus, our current results are also in conformity with a previous report in which we showed that the same RE reduced body weight and improved serum lipids and insulin in Le rats [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4431, "input_1": "Wound healing of monolayers of human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated by a standardized scratch assay following a previous protocol with medium containing 10% FCS serving as a PC and medium containing 0% FCS serving as a NC [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4432, "input_1": "GUS Assays\n Qualitative histochemical GUS staining of seedling roots was performed as previously described (Hung et al., 1998; Wang et al., 2002).\n qRT-PCR Assays\n For qRT-PCR, total RNAwas extracted from root tips of 5-d-old seedlings using the RNeasy plant mini kit (Qiagen).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4433, "input_1": "Indeed, the incidence of thyroid cancer has nearly tripled since 1975, while the mortality rate is largely unchanged.(9) Society of Surgical Oncology 2014", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4434, "input_1": "In addition, the researcher recorded reflective field notes about the content and process of the interviews throughout the process, as well as any extra information or non-verbal observations that occurred (O’Sullivan & Chard 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4435, "input_1": "HCL-15, a self-administered questionnaire, was developed by DJ Smith and his colleague in 2005 by modifying the HCL-32 into a 15 item checklist [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4436, "input_1": "Relative contribution of P450 1A5 and 3A37 in the epoxidation of AFB1 to exo-AFBO\nThe epoxidation of AFB1 to form exo-AFBO is themost critical step in the toxic and carcinogenic effects of this mycotoxin (Rawal et al., 2010b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4437, "input_1": "P346 construct [18] and subcloned into XhoI-ApaI restricted pIgHSV40s vector which contained the SV40 promoter and the immunoglobulin m heavy chain enhancer (Em).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4438, "input_1": "MSH samples were genotyped using the Illumina 370K array; CSSCD samples were genotyped on the Illumina 610K array; HGDP samples were downloaded from the Illumina iControlDB database and were genotyped on the Illumina 650K array; European and African populations from the Illumina repository were genotyped on the Illumina 650K array; Saudi SW were genotyped on the Affymetrix GeneChip1 Human 250K Nsp array; Saudi patients from the Eastern Province were genotyped on the Illumina 610k array.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4439, "input_1": "This finding is consistent with previous results demonstrating high probabilities for intralaminar connections from pyramidal neurons to FS interneurons (Thomson et al., 2002; Beierlein et al., 2003; Holmgren et al., 2003; Oswald et al., 2009; Otsuka and Kawaguchi, 2009; Xu and Callaway, 2009; Tanaka et al., 2011; Avermann et al., 2012), although it contrasts with results from rat visual cortex showing predominantly interlaminar excitation of FS interneurons in layer 2/3 (Dantzker and Callaway, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4440, "input_1": "The same authors proposed in [25] a hybrid algorithm in which watermark bits are embedded by applying quantization index modulation (QIM) on the singular values of wavelet-domain blocks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4441, "input_1": "have previously suggested that the TBEV genome of Toro 2003, with the (A)3C(A)6 poly(A) tract is the typical W-TBEV detected within the questing ticks, as that sequence came directly from the tick total RNA [30]; however, here we demonstrate that the shorter TBEV variants indeed also exist in nature within the questing ticks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4442, "input_1": "Data were also analyzed using the Kmeans clustering algorithm (Hartigan and Wong 1979; MacQueen 1967), whereby objects are grouped into the number of clusters requested (K).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4443, "input_1": "The key therapeutic intervention revolved around the TF-CBT program, given during 40-hours of therapy during the 4-week residency period.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4444, "input_1": "Trees are displayed using the 3-D tree visualization tool Paloverde [45] after converting them into NEXUS format.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4445, "input_1": "To date, most of genes involving in HM uptake, transport, sequestration, and detoxification in woody plants were restricted to Populus (Marmiroli et al., 2011; Luo et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4446, "input_1": "[22] reported that proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFa, IL-8 and IL-1bwere up-regulated in the monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from low-HDL subjects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4447, "input_1": "Depleting PL by irradiation (3) or replacing donor PL(4), (5) prevents spontaneous liver graft acceptance in rats, which can be re-established by infusing purified donor leukocytes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4448, "input_1": "One of these closely mimics the localizations we have observed of phorbol ester binding associated with protein kinase C (Worley et al., 1986a) and of the G, protein, which may be linked to the phosphinositide cycle (Worley et al., 1986~).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4449, "input_1": "Each explanation was also augmented by the provision of a teaching analogy, which illustrated the basic principles of the concept (Kulasegaram et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4450, "input_1": "…of humanised and\ngnotobiotic mice, although they possess quite distinct microbiota (85% of the microbial genera and species are different) (Marcobal et al., 2013); (iii) 43 metabolites were found to differ when comparing the human, mouse and rat faecal metabolomes (Saric et al., 2008);…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4451, "input_1": "Experiments in vivo and in vitro show that plant polyphenols enhance intracellular antioxidant defense and anti-inflammatory capacity, therefore they can be used as photo-protective and chemo-preventative agents [4,10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4452, "input_1": "Diagnoses, physical conditions and related severity of impairments and limitations of functioning and participation have been differentiated with the ICF/ ICF-CY model [4,21] and validated with empirical data [5,17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4453, "input_1": "Fourthly, variational deterministic mode searching approaches are used to make particles more effective [9], [11], [10], [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4454, "input_1": "The last fragment has also been widely used to elucidate\nphylogenetic relationships among taxa from several plant families (Stedje 1998; Doust and Kellog 2002; Goldblatt et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4455, "input_1": "A model based on Indian Buffet Process is proposed to reflect the influences of one user’s choice to the others and the distribution of contents in the users’ online social networks (OSN) [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4456, "input_1": "This was expressed as a percentage of the total species, based on each species overall abundance weighted by its overall frequency of occurrence among plots, using the method developed by PinzoÃÅn and Spence (2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4457, "input_1": "Dukes (20) and Sinclair (21) concluded that the most accurate results in maintaining the vertical dimension of occlusion of dentures during processing were obtained with artificial stone and a layer of silicone rubber.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4458, "input_1": "However, only a few studies report on pure zeaxanthin supplementation [16, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4459, "input_1": "In one of the earlier reported cases of bowel perforation during microscopic discectomy, the patient was not diagnosed until after 48 hours and the delay resulted in peritonitis, sepsis, and death of the patient [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4460, "input_1": "Since aIIbb3 integrins mediate the uptake of pFN into platelet a-granules (Ni et al.,\n2003a), we performed Western-blotting with lysates from washed platelets and found that the FN content was significantly reduced to 70% in platelets from Fn1syn/syn mice (Figure 1F and Figure 1— figure supplement…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4461, "input_1": "71150W allele, has been shown to increase excitability.(8) Irrespective of the underlying mechanism, our results demonstrate that expression of the 1150W polymorphism in NaV1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4462, "input_1": "However, it line with previous results [30], we did not observe significant effects of melatonin on blood pressure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4463, "input_1": "Seven known NADPH oxidase catalytic subunits exist (NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, Duox1, and Duox2) (23, 24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4464, "input_1": "Such patterns of distributions of these two species are indeed confirmed by observations from inshore turbid reefs in Singapore [2] and on inshore reefs on the Great Barrier Reef [16,36,38,66], emphasising the important balance between sediment deposition and resuspension in driving coral species distributions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4465, "input_1": "In the present study, we clarified the precise localization of L-PGDS in several cell types of rat brain using postembedding immunoelectron microscopy, and confirmed the results reported in other studies (Urade et al. 1987, 1993; Bl dorn et al. 1996; Yamashima et al. 1997; Beuckmann et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4466, "input_1": "For reovirus 1/L-induced ARDS, at day 9 postinoculation, there is a severe pneumonia (peribronchiolar lesions with lymphocytic infiltration) with the presence of hyaline membranes, which are pathognomonic for human ARDS (20, 21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4467, "input_1": "On the other hand, the AA can be converted to arylhydroxylamines primarily as a result of reactions catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP1) family, in particular CYP1A2 in the liver (Kim and Guengerich 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4468, "input_1": "Profile agreements are usually slightly higher than trait agreements (Allik et al., 2015, 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4469, "input_1": "In [11] and [12], it is argued that describing an algorithm using a transition system instead of pseudocode makes it easier to prove its properties, compare it with other algorithms, and design new algorithms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4470, "input_1": "This contrasts with methods for modeling burn probability which rely on parameterization of the burn duration based on historical fire data (e.g., Parisien et al. 2005; Parisien and Moritz 2009; Ager et al. 2007; Braun et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4471, "input_1": "(Porcella et al. 2000) eyes are rich in CB1 mRNA and protein, supporting a direct role for the CB1 receptor in controlling IOP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4472, "input_1": "In order to determine the coding potential of each MuLVERV isolate, the ORFs for gag, pol and env polypeptides were compared to the MuLV references (Supplementary Table S2) (Shinnick et al., 1981; Urisman et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4473, "input_1": "The GHMP kinases which in 1993 firstly identified by protein sequence alignment in the form of sugar kinase (Bork et al. 1993; Timson 2007) are a structurally related family named after four of its members, galactokinase (EC 2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4474, "input_1": "Our proof borrows heavily from the work of Hori, Herbst and Page [5], in which they give a detailed physical argument for a generalisation of Orlov’s result.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4475, "input_1": "With regards to PIST, Mendham et al. (2014) reported no change in waist or hip girths following 8 weeks of SSG’s in middle-aged, sedentary men; however, participants did demonstrate improvements in body composition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4476, "input_1": "In high-grade tumors near joints, one report suggests trying to save the articular surface by performing a transepiphyseal osteotomy [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4477, "input_1": "This section includes different SPMIPv6 based IP-WSN applications scenarios [8] briefly.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4478, "input_1": "The absolute pose estimation of a perspective camera from n 2D–3D point correspondences is known in the literature as the Perspective n Point (PnP) problem, which has been widely studied in the last few decades [6, 13, 14, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4479, "input_1": "FEBS Lett 486:173-177 Peitsch MC (1995) Protein Modeling by E-Mail (Vol 13, Pg 658, 1995). Bio-Technology 13:723-723 Ravichandran KG, Boddupalli SS, Hasermann CA, Peterson JA, Deisenhofer J (1993) Crystal structure of hemoprotein domain of P450BM-3, a prototype for microsomal P450's. Science 261:731-736 Salazar O, Cirino PC, Arnold FH (2003) Thermostabilization of a Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase. Chembiochem 4:891-893 Sallam L, Naim N, Zeinel-Abdin Badr A, El-Refai A (1977) Bioconversion of progesterone with cell preparations with Aspergillus niger 171. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 19:151153 Schwaneberg U, Schmidt-Dannert C, Schmitt J, Schmid RD (1999) A continuous spectrophotometric assay for P450 BM-3, a fatty acid hydroxylating enzyme, and its mutant F87A. Anal Biochem 269:359-366 Schwede T, Kopp J, Guex N, Peitsch MC (2003) SWISS-MODEL: An automated protein homology-modeling server. Nucleic Acids Res 31:3381-3385 Seng Wong T, Arnold FH, Schwaneberg U (2004) Laboratory evolution of cytochrome p450 BM-3 monooxygenase for organic cosolvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 85:351-358 Wen LP, Fulco AJ (1987) Cloning of the gene encoding a catalytically self-sufficient cytochrome P-450 fatty acid monooxygenase induced by barbiturates in Bacillus megaterium and its functional expression and regulation in heterologous (Escherichia coli) and homologous (Bacillus megaterium) hosts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4480, "input_1": "In agreement with previous reports that support DNA molecules as both spacer donors and interference targets (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Lillestøl et al., 2006; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008; Mojica et al., 2009; Semenova et al., 2009; Vestergaard et al., 2008), given a common…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4481, "input_1": "…D ow nloaded from\n2000, 2004; Vogeley et al. 2001; Aron et al. 2005; Harris et al. 2005; Mitchell et al. 2005; Ochsner et al. 2005; Ortigue et al. 2007; Lindner et al. 2008; Krienen et al. 2010) are modulated by motivational influences known to affect social perception.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4482, "input_1": "proposed a pattern matching algorithm that reduced total memory requirements by sharing common infixes of target patterns [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4483, "input_1": "Whereas the R2R3-MYB factor FaMYB1 from strawberry repressed anthocyanin synthesis when was expressed in tobacco and was also enable to repress PAs synthesis in Lotus corniculatus (Aharoni et al. 2001; Paolocci et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4484, "input_1": "This susceptibility to proactive interference after hippocampal damage has already been reported by others [Owen and Butler, 1981; but for different results, see BeasonHeld et al. (1999) and Zola et al. (2000)] and suggests that, at delays lasting more than a few minutes, monkeys with hippocampal damage may be using active, distraction-sensitive strategies (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4485, "input_1": "The dissemination through the CSF pathway is supported by the high prevalence (80%) of associated intracerebral metastasis in patients with intradural extramedullary metastasis [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4486, "input_1": "…with the program PAUP 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002), using 2607 bp of the mitochondrial sequence alignment (nd1, nd2, coI, cytb, 12S, 16S, and the Leu, Ile, Gln, Trp, Met, Ala, Asn, Cys and Tyr tRNA genes) of Weisrock et al. (2006) deposited in TreeBase (http://www. treebase.org; TreeBase S1513).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4487, "input_1": "…the cells greatly extend their length from 10 lm to 50 lm, the NAD(P)H oscillation grows dramatically in amplitude, superoxide production is increased, and, as a likely\nconsequence of superoxide production, cellular DNA is damaged (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000; Rosenspire et al. 2000, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4488, "input_1": ", Smack [18], SeaHorn [11], cbmc [7], esbmc [10], and Cascade [22]) to transforming an imperative program to a side-effect-free form is to map each pointer p to a symbolic memory region Mp using a pointer analysis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4489, "input_1": "We previously have characterized antisense RNAs from divergent TSSs by a selective enrichment protocol followed by Northern blot and observed a family of short RNAs spanning 30 to 200 nts (5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4490, "input_1": "Several terms have been used to describe vestibular symptoms occurring with migraine, including: vestibular migraine, migrainous vertigo, migraine-associated vertigo, migraine-associated balance disturbance, and benign paroxysmal vertigo [1,7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4491, "input_1": "In the past decade, ion channels have been demonstrated as crucial players in tumor initiation and progression, since dysregulated expression of as well as mutations in several ion channels genes have been uncovered to influence the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells [2,7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4492, "input_1": "[38-45], also propose a concept of fuzzy controllers called probabilistic fuzzy logic system (PFLS) or 3D fuzzy logic system for the modelling and control problems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4493, "input_1": "For homology modeling of three-dimensional (3D) structures, Modeller [41,42] was employed and templates were chosen based on highest probability and significantly low E value.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4494, "input_1": "As for rs846910, a haplotype containing the A allele has been previously shown to be associated with higher HSD11B1 mRNA levels and activity in the adipose tissue of southern European whites (Gambineri et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4495, "input_1": "If a thrombus was detected, the patient was not a candidate for PMV. Transthoracic echocardiogram measurement of MVA and quantification of MR were repeated the day after PMV.\nPMV was performed by a percutaneous transseptal anterograde approach and either the Babi c double-balloon technique (n ¼ 44 patients) or the Inoue balloon technique (n ¼ 488 patients), with conventional hemodynamic parameters monitored as previously described.14 Cardiac output (CO) was measured using the Fick or the thermodilution technique, and MVA was calculated using the Gorlin formula.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4496, "input_1": "The MSGDispatcher implementation is fully multi-threaded and uses thread pool management, a FIFO queue and the concurrent hash map from the Concurrent Java Library [14] (which is now integrated in Java 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4497, "input_1": "The solubility and processability is improved when the native chitin is modified by various chemical modifications, such as acylation [1,5,6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4498, "input_1": "alence may be a normal aspect of the change process (Mahoney, 2003; Messer, 2002; Neimeyer, 1995), which", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4499, "input_1": "for all As shown in Nataf (1962), as well as, in Cario and Nelson (1997) the latter relationship is limited to adjusting , since,", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4500, "input_1": "However, our finding partly contradicts the results of previous clinical studies, which did not detect significant elevations in SRSF5, SRSF6, and SRSF7 transcriptional levels in acute leukemia or renal cell carcinoma [14,15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4501, "input_1": "Almost all of the commonly used neural simulation packages now have a Python interface (Eppler et al., 2008; Goodman and Brette, 2009; Hines et al., 2009; Cornelis et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4502, "input_1": "The selected journals were based on those used in the earlier studies by Kohl and Davis (1985) and by Nisonger and Davis (2005), additional ones suggested by participants in the latter study, and the 20 journals with the highest JIF in the Information Science and Library Science category of the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4503, "input_1": "wind sector: CD 1⁄4 0:130 and CDa 1⁄4 0:132) and they are very close to the values found in literature (e.g. Amiro 1990; Kerzenmacher and Gardiner 1998; Pinard and Wilson 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4504, "input_1": "To test this hypothesis, we first asked whether removing the KIND domain from Spire1C blocks the increase in mitochondrial division associated with overexpressing a constitutively active INF2 mutant, INF2 A149 (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4505, "input_1": "Residues that have been shown to be phosphorylated in a study of the S. acidocaldarius phosphoproteome (Reimann et al., 2013) are indicated in blue, cysteines in red.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4506, "input_1": "A number of key characteristics that have previously been studied in relation to supporting alcohol tax increases (Latimer et al., 2001) were then examined through multivariate logistic regression analysis, with two separate models run to identify predictors of supporting price increases on beer and on spirits.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4507, "input_1": "NVsim is also used to obtain the access latencies for a given size of SRAM memory.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4508, "input_1": "bioreactors belong to the genus Pseudomonas, either because of their natural growth or as a result of initial inoculation (Ergas et al. 1994, 1995; Mirpuri et al. 1997; Pedersen et al. 1997; Veir et al. 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4509, "input_1": "Both promotion (Lee et al., 2007; Sasaki-Imamura et al., 2010) and inhibition (Lee et Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4510, "input_1": "We use successive over relaxation (SOR) algorithm [35-36] for solving all QPPs and utilize 5-fold cross-validation method in all experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4511, "input_1": "Although a score of 9/10 has been recommended as an appropriate cut-off for screening PPD,([19]) based on current evidence for the German-speaking version a cut-off of 10/11 is used to maximize sensitivity and specificity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4512, "input_1": "In fact, a previous study in the current sample demonstrated that a brief intervention was effective in reducing child behavior problems via improvements in parental positive behavior support (i.e., proactiveness, structuring, and clear communication; Dishion et al. 2008), which included aspects of warmth.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4513, "input_1": "Propionylations were found at 129 sites on the mid-stationary phase proteins in this study, in comparison to the 121 and 323 sites identified on midexponential and late stationary phase proteins, respectively, in our previous study (Okanishi et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4514, "input_1": "Equol is similar in structure to estradiol (See Figure 6) and is a more potent estrogen mimic than daidzein (Setchell et al. 1984).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4515, "input_1": "Figure 1 (top) shows the data from McCarthy and Davison (1984), which arranged four stimulus discriminability levels, and for each level, arranged three different reinforcer frequency ratios (4:1, 1:1, and 1:4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4516, "input_1": "We assume that the liquid’s surface is undisturbed at time t = 0 and use the Harris corner detector [28] to detect corners at sub-pixel resolution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4517, "input_1": "Additionally, we compare our results with the Mixed-Integer Evolution Strategy (MIES) (Li et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4518, "input_1": "The results of this study are in line with revegetation results of iron ore mines in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, where both native and introduced species performed well (Griffith and Toy, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4519, "input_1": "Similar data scatters can be seen in previous work (Fuchs et al., 1988; Van Gisbergen and Van Opstal, 1989; Broussard et al., 1995; Dean, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4520, "input_1": "Indeed, no CYCD6-like plant protein identified so far has the LxCxE motif, indicating that sequence divergence within this motif is a specific and group-identifying feature of D-type cyclins (Menges et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4521, "input_1": "These results are in accordance with the findings of Kambylafkas et al. (2006), who concluded that the use of the panoramic radiograph for evaluation of total ramal height is reliable and an asymmetry of more than 6 per cent is an indication of a true asymmetry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4522, "input_1": "In order to maintain rapid proliferation, NAD+ dependence of tumor cells is higher than that of normal cells [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4523, "input_1": "A large body of evidence indicates that cholinergic and glutamatergic functions regulate cortical development and may contribute to postnatal critical periods (Bear and Singer, 1986; Hohmann et al., 1991; Robertson et al., 1998; for review, see Hohmann and Berger-Sweeney, 1998; Fox et al., 1999; Yuste and Sur, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4524, "input_1": "Cognitive function was measured using a computerized task battery that measures multiple modalities of cognitive performance (Green et al, 1995b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4525, "input_1": "Additionally, cvp2 single mutants contained a point mutation in the cvp2 gene that results in expression of a nonfunctional protein (Carland and Nelson, 2004), and cvl1-1cvp2 double mutants with the above mutations were obtained.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4526, "input_1": "The Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) rating scale [21] was used to assess the severity of the motor symptoms at the time of the experiment by an experienced neurologist (AA).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4527, "input_1": "With respect to acquired risk factors for VTE, immobilization, surgery, and trauma account for 40% to 80% of VTE cases in Caucasians [38-41].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4528, "input_1": "Furthermore, in Section 9.8, we compare the IMT algorithm with state-of-the-art trackers including the MIL [2], TLD [18], VTD [20], VTS [21], Struck [13], ASLA [16], SCM [37], CXT [8], LSK [23], CSK [14], and KCF [15] methods.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4529, "input_1": "[21] formulated ISI problem under the name of k-effector and introduced the minimization of the symmetric difference between the observed infection and the resulting cascade if starting from a candidate source set.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4530, "input_1": "Inverted formin 2 (INF2) is a formin family protein that promotes actin filament polymerization in a regulated fashion (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4531, "input_1": "Diabetes Complication Rates To estimate the health benefits of screening, we used a mathematical model, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Outcomes Model 2, which includes South Asian– specific disease progression parameters that have been validated among South Asians in both the UK and India [33,34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4532, "input_1": "5x10 for patients aged 16-40 years and 8x10 for patients older than 41 (Andersson et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4533, "input_1": "Following (Campbell et al. 2001) we decompose the return of a typical stock into three components: the market-wide return, an industry-specific return, and a firmspecific return.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4534, "input_1": "…five experimental groups were selected to compare the metabolite profiles associated with different manifestations of IVA, as follows: (1) The first group consisted of children with the homozygous mutation of the IVD gene (homozygotes), but showing clinical variability (Dercksen et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4535, "input_1": "The intensity of choice β is sometimes denoted λ and has also been referred to as response sensitivity [12, 13, 18] or learning sensitivity [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4536, "input_1": "…is planned for patients with locally advanced carcinomas or with tumors primarily not suitable for breast-conserving surgery, thus the first aim of this therapeutic option is to downsize the disease burden and possibly to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) (Marchio and Sapino, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4537, "input_1": "This conclusion is consistent with previous results (7, 21, 22) that suggest that the increase in ALC produced by the b-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol and terbutaline is characterized by an increase in the proportion of the total sodium transport that is amiloride-sensitive.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4538, "input_1": "3, 4, this study), have been linked repeatedly to observed UV-B-induced reductions in herbivory, larval development and larval survivorship (McCloud and Berenbaum 1994; Ballaré et al. 1996; Grant Petersson and Renwick 1996; Lindroth et al. 2000; Rousseaux et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4539, "input_1": "The exercise of self-control was manipulated by assigning participants at random to one of two viewing conditions (similar to Muraven et al., 1998; Vohs & Heatherton, 2000; Vohs & Schmeichel, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4540, "input_1": "Macrobenthic organisms were classified into five different feeding groups: detritivores (surface-deposit feeders, SDF; suspension feeders, SF; subsurfacedeposit feeders, SSDF), herbivores (He) and predators (PR), according to Bianchi & Morri (1985), Gambi & Giangrande (1985), Scipione (1989), Russo (1989), Russo et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4541, "input_1": "been shown that chronic intoxication with MCs promotes liver tumor formation [27,28], induces kidney injury [29,30] and causes atrophy and fibrosis of the heart muscle [31,32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4542, "input_1": "To avoid the issues encountered in the gradient-based approaches, many population-based computational techniques such as genetic algorithm [2] and swarm intelligence algorithms [3] have been proposed for solving optimization problems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4543, "input_1": "To make our study comparable with previous studies [6,7,24], we restrict our analysis to 51 species (Table S1) which have more than 70 individuals with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) greater than 10 cm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4544, "input_1": "Static complexes modified by 82Q in the presence of NusA but not in its absence resist both an oligonucleotide-mediated release reaction that models the intrinsic terminator (126, 156) and the activity of Rho (126); the latter suggests either that Rho has an obligatory target site in the region where RNA emerges, or that the Q-modified complex is strengthened enough to resist the force of the Rho translocase.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4545, "input_1": "We compare the spike reconstruction efficiency of our method to two different types of established spike reconstruction methods: 1) template matching [85], and 2) a deconvolution-based method [71].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4546, "input_1": "In hepatocytes, membrane potential and pH changes are detected, which suppress and activate many enzymes that optimally operate at a neutral pH, and lead to edema and necrosis [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4547, "input_1": "However, several preclinical and clinical studies showed both compounds are ineffective in melanoma, due to the major RAS mutations occur in melanoma are NRAS mutation, rather than HRAS and KRAS [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4548, "input_1": "Pricing via a coherent risk measure was first introduced by Artzner et al. (1999) and it reduces to a search for the infimum of all risk measures over an acceptance set. Carr et al. (2001) refine the idea and introduce a generalized version of the coherent risk measure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4549, "input_1": "In previous experiments, intravenous lipid emulsions have been shown to ameliorate the toxicity of a number of lipid soluble agents [5–10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4550, "input_1": "To detect interest points in a video, we use the sparse Harris3D corner detector [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4551, "input_1": "1) [24,46], and hair bundle displacement leading to an adapting MET current (IT from Eq.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4552, "input_1": "In the chicken and owl, Tanaka and Smith (1978) and Smith et al. (1985) describe a special type of ‘short’ hair cell, the ‘lenticular’ hair cell.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4553, "input_1": "The KOOS score has been used in numerous clinical studies on knee injuries,(9,19,52,55,57) and the literature supports both acceptable test-retest reliability and validity.(9,19,56,57) The KOOS consists of 5 subscales: (1) pain, (2) other symptoms, (3) function in activities of daily living (ADLs), (4) function in sports and recreation (sports), and (5) knee-related quality of life (QOL).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4554, "input_1": "Among the most successful are Spectral Sequencing [62], Optimally Oriented Decomposition Tree [6], Multilevel based [68], Simulated Annealing [79, 78], Genetic Hillclimbing [81] and some of their combinations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4555, "input_1": "Receptors containing the subunits 4 in the dentate gyrus, 5 in CA1 pyramidal cells, and 6 in the cerebellum are prominent examples of tonically activated GABAARs (Caraiscos et al., 2004; Farrant and Nusser, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4556, "input_1": "So far, various investigations on the chemistry and microbiology related to the axillary odor have been performed, most of them on Caucasians (Russell, 1976; Doty et al., 1978; Leyden et al., 1981; Rennie et al., 1991; Zeng et al., 1991, 1992, 1996a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4557, "input_1": "This strong secretion and accumulation in the extracellular matrix of all cell types under low water availability denotes that these PRPs may be involved in the maintenance of cellular integrity (Millar et al. 1992; García-Gómez et al. 2000; Murphy et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4558, "input_1": "13 indicates the comparison of the results of the mesh simplification method [2] after applying different mesh enhancement techniques.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4559, "input_1": "05mg ZOL.(42) Additionally, there are investigations demonstrating an enhanced local bone formation resulting from direct elution of ZOL from porous implants, persisting for 1 year after surgery.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4560, "input_1": "The finding in men was consistent with the finding from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis study, in which sedentary behavior was associated with CAC among participants free of diagnosed cardiovascular diseases [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4561, "input_1": "In another report, the authors found that a reduction in DV risk was associated with secondary education for the woman and her partner; there was less consistent evidence of a protective effect of primary education.22\nWomen who reported DV were likely to report that their spouses had completed at least primary or secondary education (p<0.0001); however, we did not find a significant association between spousal income and DV. Previous analyses of community samples have shown that that low socioeconomic status24 25 26 and low educational status were significant predictors of DV.4 24 26 27 In addition, other studies have found that indicators of household economic prosperity and education of the male partner were inversely associated with the risk of DV.28 29\nFindings from a community and clinical study indicated that among the demographic factors that were determinants of DV, the more children a woman had, the less likely was she to be beaten by her partner.28 30 On the contrary, our analyses showed that abused women were more likely to have more children than their non-abused peers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4562, "input_1": "2009–2012) is similar to the incidence rate variation observed in multiple cohorts, in both high-income and low-income settings [3,6,15,39], and in our setting it might be a result of overall antiretroviral therapy expansion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4563, "input_1": "This element was shown to be typical for European cattle and was absent from the Bos indicus GHR gene (Hale et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4564, "input_1": "In this study, the users’ perception of quality shows a much stronger impact on intention than previous studies on IT use have indicated (Beyah et al., 2003; Cheong and Park, 2005; Shin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4565, "input_1": "In mice transgenic for mutant human APP, the increase in amyloid-b peptides reduced cerebral blood flow through enhanced vasoconstriction, and impaired both functional hyperaemia and cerebral autoregulation (Niwa et al., 2001, 2002a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4566, "input_1": "A moderate level of CB1-immunoreactivity was found in the lateral and basomedial nucleus, which is coherent with previous results (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Katona et al, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4567, "input_1": "Two similar systematic reviews/meta-analyses have been published comparing ACDF with ACCF.(13,14) However,", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4568, "input_1": "Based on the definitions of the OISR tuple elements, we introduce an evaluation framework, which is a specialisation of the BWW evaluation framework [15,16] that is aimed at assessing the expressive power of modelling methods to be applied for OISR representation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4569, "input_1": "In order to keep our analysis specific to independent primary research from surgical STMMs we used the following inclusion and exclusion criteria that left us with a total of 35 independent primary research articles focused on surgical STMMs [18-52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4570, "input_1": "In addition, the rows in the stoichiometric matrix M corresponding to the mass balances of the dependent enzyme states can be eliminated so that a new, reduced, stoichiometric matrix MR is formed (Heinrich and Schuster, 1996; Reder, 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4571, "input_1": "Marginal structural modeling was used to address potential confounding between time-dependent variables in the Cox proportional hazard regression models [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4572, "input_1": "When the IF cells are mixed with paramecia, the bacteria are soon engulfed in the host digestive vacuoles, from which they escape to the host cytoplasm and penetrate the macronuclear envelope with the invasion tip (Fujishima & Fujita, 1985; Görtz & Wiemann, 1989; Iwatani et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4573, "input_1": "The power of the meta-analysis was assessed according to the literature (Chinn, 2000; Hedges and Pigott, 2001; Muncer et al., 2002), at an a = 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4574, "input_1": "The results of the 2-year illicit drug use outcomes from the full Preventure Trial (Waves 1 and 2 combined) were then reported by Conrod et al. (2010), showing that the intervention was associated with a greater likelihood of surviving 2 years without taking up drug use.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4575, "input_1": "We use kernel matching8 with replacement, which has a major advantage of lower variance given that the common support condition is fully satisfied (Caliendo & Kopeinig, 2008) as it is for all estimates reported below.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4576, "input_1": "Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey for the Primary Health Care Project on HIV and Depression (Mao et al. 2008, 2009a, 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4577, "input_1": "Our results are in accordance with a recent Japanese study by Hidaka et al (11), who reported excellent maternal outcome and favorable fetal outcome.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4578, "input_1": "Phosphorylation of S339CXCR4 correlates with CXCR4 internalization and signaling.(18,40,41) Interestingly, ligation of TCR significantly increased phosphorylation of S339-CXCR4 (Figure 2L-M).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4579, "input_1": "Using this strategy, we inductively derived ideas and categories from the data and then deductively compared and adapted them through ongoing sampling and data collection (Beck, 2004; Wuest, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4580, "input_1": "This constitutes an improvement over previous synoptic giant panda habitat evaluations in which the presence of understory bamboo was ignored (Liu et al., 2001; Loucks et al., 2003; Viña et al., 2007) due to the difficulty in isolating its signal from that of overstory canopy (Linderman et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4581, "input_1": "Participants\nParticipants were mothers and children recruited as part of the large, ongoing Early StepsMultisite trial of the Family CheckUp parenting intervention (Dishion et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4582, "input_1": "…more accurate depiction of epidemiological findings supporting the core group hypothesis (Rothenberg 1983; Potterat et al. 1985; Zenilman et al. 1999; Bernstein et al. 2004), and resolves some of the prior ambiguity about what constitutes the core group for STI transmission (Thomas & Tucker 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4583, "input_1": "other fern gametophytes and sporophytes, we conducted a preliminary analysis with all Glomus sequences from Botrychium (Ophioglossaceae; Kovács et al. 2007; Winther and Friedman 2007), Lycopodiaceae (Winther and Friedman 2008) and Psilotum nudum (Psilotaceae; Winther and Friedman 2009) reported in GenBank.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4584, "input_1": "This result is in accordance with the phylogenetic tree analysis of two other pufferfish genes identified recently, IFN and ISG15 (Altmann et al., 2003; Liu et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4585, "input_1": "The most popular ESIPT probes are 3-hydroxychromones, which are largely used to investigate lipid membrane properties [14], as well as protein-membrane [15] and protein-nucleic acid [16, 17] interactions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4586, "input_1": "2%) but is similar to previous reports of a 2% to 6% incidence after the minimally invasive and conventional technique [11, 18, 19, 21, 22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4587, "input_1": "In particular, the delivery of AONs allowed the skipping of one or multiple exons of the DMD gene to reframe the mutated transcript and create a partially functional dystrophin protein [11, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4588, "input_1": "Matching Method: Various approximate nearest neighbors alternatives have been proposed in the literature [6, 11, 4] in order to accelerate the matching process between feature descriptors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4589, "input_1": "Together with M2R, M3R are the most represented in human airways; they are predominantly expressed in SM cells and mediate SM ACh-induced contraction [16, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4590, "input_1": "In terms of the chemical compounds observed following laser irradiation in vacuum, there were no detectable differences between excimer laser-irradiated areas and those seen in non-irradiated titanium surfaces [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4591, "input_1": "…SNX3 is enriched at early endosomes, retromer tubules formed by the Vps5 and Vps17 homologues SNX1/2 and SNX5/6, respectively (Wassmer et al., 2009), are most abundant on endosomes undergoing the early-to-late transition (Rojas et al., 2008; Cullen and Korswagen, 2012; van Weering et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4592, "input_1": "This result\n supports an earlier study on the negative interrelationship between initial density and decomposition rate (Harmon et al. 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4593, "input_1": "When rad53Δ, mrc1Δ or ctf18Δ cells are treated with hydroxyurea, we found previously that Mec1-signalling at defective replication forks is increased, as reflected by increased Mec1-dependent phosphorylation of the Psf1 subunit of the Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) DNA helicase (42).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4594, "input_1": "Some previous studies reported temporal and spatial variations of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants in China (Chai et al., 2014; Chen and Xie, 2014; Han et al., 2009; Johansson et al., 2007; Karar et al., 2006; Lewne et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Martini et al., 2015; Meng et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2008, 2014d; Zhang et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2013), but detailedly observational data were scarce.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4595, "input_1": "Pre-intervention survey data (n=65) was collected during the first week of class and postintervention survey data (n=65) the last week of class using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) developed and validated by SerraMajem et al.(10) The nutrition intervention was based on the MD as a weight management guideline and incorporated assigned readings, article reviews, recipe analysis, weekly discussion forums, asynchronous presentations, writing assignments, and exams.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4596, "input_1": "Prior CLHNS studies noted that CRP levels were substantially lower in the Philippines than in the USA [9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4597, "input_1": "Identity begins to take shape during adolescence, but, with the incorporation of new life experiences, is continually modified throughout adulthood (McLean, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4598, "input_1": "Training: We built separate directed word alignments for English→Arabic and for Arabic→English using IBM model 4 [19], and symmetrized them using grow-diag-final-and heuristic [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4599, "input_1": "Sorption effects of CNT to different pollutants present in the environment has been studied by several authors [33-38,53,65-72].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4600, "input_1": "Sb6_342 was mapped to chromosome 7 [44] whereas Sb5_236 was mapped to chromosome 3 [41, 44], both of which were confirmed in the present study through BLAST searching of the sorghum genome.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4601, "input_1": "Data drawn from Jablensky and Cole (1997). In order of increasing latitude the cities were Cali, Colombia; Ibadan, Nigeria; Agra, India; Honolulu, USA; Chandigarh, India (rural and urban); Nagasaki, Japan; Rochester, USA; Prague, Czech Rep.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4602, "input_1": "Transient transfection of HeLa cells using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) and infection of primary HFFs with HCMV laboratory strain AD169 or clinical isolates R3 (Iso 3) and R4 (Iso 4) was performed as described elsewhere (Marschall et al., 2000; Efferth et al., 2002; Herget et al., 2004; Schregel et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4603, "input_1": "The reported normal range for GFAP (95% of all healthy subjects) is\\0.3 ng/ml\n(Missler et al. 1999) and for NSE B 13 ng/ml (Bremnes et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4604, "input_1": "We previously reported a sharp decline in the quantity and molecular integrity of ptDNA when maize seedlings developed in the light but not under dark conditions (Oldenburg and Bendich 2004; Oldenburg et al. 2006; Zheng et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4605, "input_1": "[6,7] This is a challenge because of the long distances to travel for consultations, and thus patients are unlikely to come back for treatment for something like OSSN unless it is in its advanced stages significantly impacting their quality of life, at which point early interventions are no longer possible.[6,8] A 2010 study in Tanzania showed that 40% of operated suspected OSSN cases were managed outside of major hospitals where better facilities and quality of care was available, because of difficulty of traveling to and accessing these centers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4606, "input_1": "Although all three species are relevant for primate conservation plans, Udzungwa red colobus is of particular interest; it is found only in the remaining forest fragments within and around the Udzungwa Mountains, it is listed as endangered (IUCN 2013), and is very sensitive to environmental changes and hunting (Marshall 2007; Marshall et al. 2010; Rovero and Struhsaker 2007; Rovero et al. 2012; Struhsaker 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4607, "input_1": "For nocodazole treatment of embryos, L4 worms were grown on perm-1(RNAi) feeding plates at 20°C for 16-18 hr, then dissected in an open imaging chamber filled with osmotic support medium (Carvalho et al., 2011;\n Wueseke et al., 2016) and 20 µg/ml nocodazole (Sigma).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4608, "input_1": "Although international guidelines are not available on the topic, in our routine experience sampling of different tumor areas by core biopsy (three biopsies on average) is helpful to define the precise nature of the lesion, the different tumor histological types present in the mass, and the heterogeneity in the expression of predictive markers (Marchio and Sapino, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4609, "input_1": "A simulated annealing-based heuristic approach has been developed to solve the NP-complete problem in a computationally efficient manner [53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4610, "input_1": "[45 ] find that in EC stellate cells the frequency could either increase or decrease with depolarization, whereas Chapman and Lacaille [44] find that there is a frequency increase with depolarization for CA1 hippocampal interneurons.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4611, "input_1": "The effort to develop new treatments for ALS has led to repeated failure since the demonstration that riluzole extended survival.[3] Despite initially encouraging results from a Phase II trial, which suggested beneficial effects on ALSFRS-R and survival,[27] the recent negative results of the dexpramipexole Phase III study is yet another disappointing example.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4612, "input_1": "This finding corresponds well with the results of Askaer et al. (2011); Couwenberg et al. (2011); Schäfer et al. (2012) and Audet et al. (2013b), who all reported negligible CH4 emissions when GWL was 20–30 cm below the soil surface, which is attributed to a restricted methane production zone and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4613, "input_1": "For each subject, whole brain fiber tracking (an interpolated streamline propagation algorithm) was performed in the DTI native space using TrackVis (Schmahmann et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4614, "input_1": "Several models for provenance have emerged to tackle this vision, including Provenir [20, 21], the Provenance Vocabulary [22], PASOA [23], OPMV [24], PML [25] and the Open Provenance Model [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4615, "input_1": "CSE [prepared by dissolving the collected smoke particulates in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] or cytokine mix (TNF- and IFN- ) induced MMP-12 mRNA in HBEC (177, 178).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4616, "input_1": "Multiple origins of geometrid female flightlessness (even within a single subfamily) were shown by molecular phylogenetic studies, based on the premise of unlikely events of reversal (Snäll et al. 2007; Wahlberg et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4617, "input_1": "Temporal food scarcity, for example, is likely more common on islands (especially on small ones; see Van Damme 1999; Cooper and Vitt 2002 and references therein) and might force insular lizards towards frugivory or herbivory in general.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4618, "input_1": ", 2009; Dedrick et al., 2010) have received a great deal of attention. Xing and Detert (2010) examined the case of the iPhone and found that China just contributed only 3.6% of $2.0 billion export to the US, the rest was simply a transfer from Germany, Japan, Korea, the US, and other countries. These studies rely on “tear down” analyses that assign the value of individual components to source companies and their countries. These firm- and product-based case studies can provide intuitive images of GVCs in terms of the activities of multinational enterprises. However, when we examine the Chinese economy’s role in global production networks as a whole, its share of total value added through the export of final products to the United States was actually about 75% in 2005 (Meng et al., 2011). This indicates that the “tear down” case studies focus on only the supply chain of a specific firm and particular products, and are clearly not representative of the broader role of China’s domestic production networks and inter-industrial linkages in the whole value creation process. Other work on this topic shows that domestic value added can vary substantially between different economic sectors (see Koopman et al. (forthcoming 2013), Erumban et al. (2011), Stehrer (2012), and OECD-WTO (2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4619, "input_1": "In line with these results, the present study showed\nthat n-3 PUFA supplementation up-regulated the expres-\nsion of PPARa, CPT1, p-AMPK, and AMPK in liver and/ or skeletal muscle of OVX rats.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4620, "input_1": "Specific formins mediate formation of contractile stress fibers (SFs), transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) lines on the dorsal cell surface that position the nucleus, filopodia at the leading edge, isotropic cortical actin networks, and actin important for mitochondrial fission (Skau and Waterman 2015; Campellone and Welch 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4621, "input_1": "[33] In order to enrich the CIS group for patients at highest risk of progressing to MS, [34] CIS patients with at least one T2 hyperintensity typical of demyelination on conventional brain MRI were considered to be ‘‘high-risk’’ and were included for analysis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4622, "input_1": "The T-STAR antibody (HPA000500) was developed as previously described and validated using IHC on different tissues within the Human Protein Atlas (HPA)-project [9] (Atlas Antibodies, Stockholm, Sweden).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4623, "input_1": "These assumptions are related to a weaker form of the second-order sufficient conditions [16, 6], which does not imply the existence of a locally convex augmented Lagrangian as is the case in [5, 9, 15, 14, 26, 30, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4624, "input_1": "…scaffold protein DISC1 (Millar et al., 2000), which interacts with other proteins involved in neuronal migration, cell-signalling and -proliferation (Ishizuka et al., 2006), cytosceletal and synaptic function, neurite extension (Murdoch et al., 2007) and neuronal development (Kamiya et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4625, "input_1": "…important disadvantages, such as Golgi tendon organ and myotatic reflex inhibition, which can lead to an increased injury risk (Jubeau et al, 2006; Requena et al., 2005), and some difficulties in obtaining improvements in agonist and antagonist muscle coordination (Holcomb, 2005; Paillard, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4626, "input_1": "They form the crux of many DSMS applications, such as object tracking [19], video correlation [18], and news item matching [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4627, "input_1": "DGC via S-SCAM and SynArfGEF binding to dystrophin (Sumita et al. 2007; Fukaya et al. 2011), NL2 does not appear to play a role in synapse formation, in striking contrast with our results that a-dystroglycan is required for formation and maintenance of synapses from CCK-basket cells (Früh et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4628, "input_1": "Recently, the flgII-28 region in Pst flagellin specifically recognized by Solanaceae species and a new domain other than elf18 in EF-Tu recognized by rice were reported as new MAMPs (Cai et al., 2011; Clarke et al., 2013; Furukawa et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4629, "input_1": "Stimuli were 12 3 12 arrays presented in the centre of the white screen, with each array position occupied by either a blue or red alien cartoon character (‘‘greeblie’’) measuring approximately 8 mm\nwide and 9 mm high (see Figure 3, Lie & Alsop, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4630, "input_1": "A Phylogenetic Approach (9), and were provided with limited supplementary and/or review reading from Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes & Proteins (1), Bioinformatics for Dummies (5), Biology (4), and Brock Biology of Microorganisms (7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4631, "input_1": "General discussion\nThe past decade has seen the advent of a number of actionbased models of visual selective attention (Rizzolatti et al.1994; Tipper et al.1992; Welsh and Elliott 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4632, "input_1": "Phosphorylation of C/EBPβ inhibits expression of IL-17 downstream target genes, thus GSK3β negatively regulates IL-17 signaling through phosphorylation of C/EBPβ (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4633, "input_1": "We have also implemented a new patch for NetMate to collect the feature sets proposed in [3] and [5], which we will refer to as the Extended feature sets (Table 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4634, "input_1": "[77] reported that the incidence of gastric adenocarcinomas in Wistar rats given MNNG (50llg/ml) for 25 weeks followed by a low protein diet (5% casein) was 63%, whereas those given a higher protein diet (10% and 25% casein) were 15% and 18%, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4635, "input_1": "In recent years there has been a lot of interest in the definition of so-called weakly-relational numeric domains, whose complexity and precision are in between the (non-relational) abstract domain of intervals [9] and the (relational) abstract domain of convex polyhedra [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4636, "input_1": "Untreated infection results in the progressive depletion of the helper T-cell population, and the resulting immunodeficiency leads to death by opportunistic infection (Thompson et al. (2012)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4637, "input_1": "The authors’ approach to hepatic resection for CRLM has been described previously.(8,20,21) All operations included in this study were performed with therapeutic intent, where treatment of all disease while leaving behind an adequate liver remnant was believed to be technically feasible.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4638, "input_1": "As previously shown for other biological networks (Barabási et al 2011), the degree distribution of the IEMi followed a power law, indicating a scale-free biological network with many proteins with low degree and few proteins with high degree (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4639, "input_1": "This research also indicates that, as Eisen and Moore [14] feared, there is the possibility of human population characteristics confounding the relationship between climate and mosquito presence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4640, "input_1": "Such MAC algorithms and universal hash functions include UMAC [9], MMH [17], NMH [17], Square Hash [15], Poly1305-AES [6], CWC [25], GCM/GMAC [30, 31], and a recent polynomial variant by Bernstein [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4641, "input_1": "In line with previous results (3, 19, 20, 30), we found that during muscle contraction ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased and was not affected by CaMKII inhibition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4642, "input_1": "While the prevalence of hyperechogenicity is only *9 % in healthy adults (Berg et al. 1999a), the statistical power was appropriate for detecting significant differences between groups (e.g. grip force group-by-trial interaction = 0.87).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4643, "input_1": "As a consequence, exposure to nicotine during adolescence compromises normal PFC development (Counotte et al., 2011b; Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4644, "input_1": "Both ATRX mutation (1) and MSI (21) are seen more frequently in younger patients with GBM.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4645, "input_1": "In contrast to earlier reports placingMalassezia among the Exobasidiomycetes [17] or Ustilaginomycetes [25], our analysis suggests that it may be an isolated group (namely the class Malasseziomycetes) in the subphylum of Ustilaginomycotina, in agreement with Wang et al [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4646, "input_1": "A second flavonol-type compound that was identified by comparison to the proposed fragmentation pattern in the literature, was kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (Schmidt et al., 2010) (41, M = 448.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4647, "input_1": "…perceptions of the role of arts in health and well-being yielded only 54 relevant studies, four of which focused specifically on the salience of aesthetic and cultural issues in their lives (Caspari et al. 2011, Moss et al. 2012, O’Sullivan & Chard 2010, Reynolds & Prior 2011, Wikstrom 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4648, "input_1": "These include four reports on the survival of Jewish women with BRCA1/2 mutations diagnosed with EOC.(8,10,11,13) It has been postulated that this improved outcome may be the result of increased platinum sensitivity in BRCApositive tumors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4649, "input_1": "However, it has to be noted that our study did not investigate other important disturbance aspects such as the interactive effects of disturbance frequency and spatial extent, which can influence competitive outcomes and thus species diversity (Miller et al. 2012a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4650, "input_1": "Thus, the specificity of topographic characteristics of the dynamics of EEG coherence supports the previous [1, 2] evidence that MM and RM are states determined by cognitive specific types of attention.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4651, "input_1": "As reproduction appears the key trait maximizing fitness (Viblanc et al. 2010), we predicted that greater allocations into reproduction should be made in the presence of greater number of kin, either due to a positive effect of kin numbers on energy income, or if more female kin provide a safer environment for raising the young.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4652, "input_1": "The topology optimization of the flow component is introduced into the model by adding a Brinkman term (Brinkman, 1947) to the Navier-Stokes equation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4653, "input_1": "…P450 1A5 was immunoinhibited (reflecting the contribution of 3A37 only), TLMs produced exo-AFBO and AFQ1, best fitted by sigmoidal kinetic Hill plot in agreement with the previous reports for AFB1 metabolism catalyzed by human P450 3A4 (Ueng et al., 1995) and turkey P450 3A37 (Rawal et al., 2010b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4654, "input_1": "Blots were probed with primary and fluorescent secondary Abs as described [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4655, "input_1": "Bond graphs are a domain-independent notion of physical systems modeling, where the physical processes are directly represented as vertices in a directed graph (Breedveld, 1984; Thoma, 1989; Cellier 1991) and the edges represent the ideal exchange of energy between the vertices.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4656, "input_1": "…squirrels in the low elevation-meadow and alpinemeadow habitats in 2008–10, and the simultaneous extirpation of ground squirrels from the boreal forest since 1998 (Donker and Krebs 2011), provides supportive evidence that the boreal forest is functioning as sink habitat for arctic ground squirrels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4657, "input_1": "REMI mutagenesis (Kuspa & Loomis, 1992) of Ax2 cells used pBRS1 vector and DpnII introduced by electroporation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4658, "input_1": "…different from those measured from both hWT (n = 62) and hMT neurons both from coronal and parasagittal slices (n = 76, 27, respectively) (Table 1), and did not differ from those previously described for mouse MSN\nin tissue slice preparations (Goldberg et al., 2005; Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4659, "input_1": "Rather, our results are concordant with those of Rowe et al. (2009) and Fischer and Paukert (2008) where the explanatory power of local-scale environmental characteristics exceeded the large-scale influences on fish assemblage structure in relatively homogenous (i.e. agriculturally dominated)…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4660, "input_1": "Furthermore, the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) (Snaith and Zigmond, 1986) and the IBS special scale for quality of life (QOL) (IBSQOL) (Drossman et al., 2000) were used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4661, "input_1": "…said, however, that M. senhousia, as well as other alien species, might initially increase local species number; however, through strong direct or indirect effects, it might lead to reduced species richness of native species, and a decrease in the abundance of remaining species (Ruiz et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4662, "input_1": "Phase II We compared the TC-1 results with 6 other machine learning algorithms, as available in a benchmark toolkit named Weka.(4) Weka runs were repeated with various feature set sizes, including a small (50) and large feature set (5000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4663, "input_1": "In some countries, such as Israel (Lavi and Sussman, 2001), Australia (Kumar, Webber and Perry, 2009), the United States (Strauss and Wohar, 2004), and Malaysia (Goh and Wong, 2010), the empirical evidence generally supports a long-term co-integrating link between labor productivity and", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4664, "input_1": "We tested MAP [42], CLUSTAL-W [43], MAFFT [44] and PRANK [45] (see Methods).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4665, "input_1": "…2010)\nLack of HPWS/HRM in Victorian health care organisations\nVictorian state public health care organisations report limited HRM/HPWS components (Leggat et al., 2008) Victorian state public hospitals report fewer aspects of HPWS then community health services (Leggat et al., 2006) CEOs, HR…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4666, "input_1": "Models on working memory have to a large extent been focused on PFC (Amit & Brunel, 1997; Durstewitz, Seamans, & Sejnowski, 2000; Lisman & Idiart, 1995), but there is also some modeling work on IT, e.g. Jensen, Idiart, and Lisman (1996), Sohal and Hasselmo (2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4667, "input_1": "…no impairment of manual motor control has been demonstrated convincingly during simple motor tasks, e.g., paced fist clench (Pascual Leone et al., 1998), finger tapping (Wassermann et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1997), peak force, and acceleration during finger pinch (Muellbacher et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4668, "input_1": "Since TLRs are known to play a major role in the inflammatory response to sepsis [25,26,27], we sought to determine if SRA interacts with TLRs during CLP", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4669, "input_1": "Among several endogenous lipophilic molecules known to activate CBRs, the best characterized are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which are known to modulate synaptic transmission throughout the brain (Zogopoulos et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4670, "input_1": "We corroborate results from Suzuki and Meekers (2008) that show that media exposure is related to a reduced risk of circumcision.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4671, "input_1": "A recent review by Kazan et al depicted current advancements in FHB pathogenomics and host resistance [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4672, "input_1": "In addition, it has been noted that markets for LKS could increase the value of forests, contributing to the viability of the new forest concession system, (Barany et al. 2003) and since this is most desirable if there will continue to be adequate supply of wood then the future is bright for the LKS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4673, "input_1": "This is achieved by initializing the preference vector with the expression levels of the genes in the bicluster at each particular time point and diffuse them using a random walk based on the heat kernel rank, recently shown to perform better in comparison to PageRank [32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4674, "input_1": "This result differs from the findings of a study of great tits where birds with highest H/L ratios at capture (indicating higher stress level, Davis et al. 2008) inflicted the maximum extent of tail damage during the week spent in captivity (Krams et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4675, "input_1": "EP was usually used as traditional food and medicine, and previous studies suggested that biochar made from EP had good adsorption properties for dyes and zinc (Li et al., 2010, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4676, "input_1": "One of the key concerns by induction of reprogramming towards pluripotency in vivo may be the spontaneous occurrence of teratomas within the tissues where reprogrammed cells are generated [12,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4677, "input_1": "One can attempt to relate the jet energy to the jet scale via the Rhines relation, calculated as in Smith et al. (2002) as the integral of the putative 5 spectrum (see, e.g., Chekhlov et al. 1996; Smith et al. 2002)\n1 2 U jet 2 a 2kjet 4, 3.8\nwhere a 0.1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4678, "input_1": "This finding is not consistent with an actionbased explanation of IOR and, although not precluding the idea that inhibitory processes are working at another level of the responding system (Welsh and Elliott 2004b), suggests that target localization and movement preparation are not the same process.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4679, "input_1": "Many recent articles have discussed the findings that support or undermine the autoimmunity hypothesis (Kierszenbaum 1986, 1999, 2003, 2005; Eisen and Kahn 1991; Avila 1992; Fernandez et al. 1992; Kalil and CunhaNeto 1996; Brener and Gazzinelli 1997; Andrade 1999; Soares et al. 2001; Leon and Engman 2001, 2002; Gironés and Fresno 2003; Gironés et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4680, "input_1": "The dynamometer and the experimental set-up have been described in detail elsewhere (Seger et al. 1988; Seger and Thorstensson 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4681, "input_1": "still competent for initiating a biological response at concentrations of GM-CSF that are in the range of the Kd as shown previously (3, 7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4682, "input_1": "2003) and has been described previously (Anderson et al. 2007; Perry et al. 2011; Smith et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4683, "input_1": "For instance, in a genetically derived all-cone retina mouse model lacking cone Pde6c (Nrl / ;cpfl1), it was demonstrated that the cones instead expressed the rod Pde6 catalytic subunits conferring phototransduction capability to the cones.(32) Similarly, in the rd10 mouse (which lacks the rod Pde6b gene), the cone Pde6a0 subunit was transgenically expressed in the mutant rd10 rods and this rescued the response to light, demonstrating that cone Pde6a0 can functionally substitute for Pde6ab.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4684, "input_1": "Uncontrolled infection, nonunion, and fixation failure are the main causes of failure of TC and TTC arthrodesis (5,6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4685, "input_1": "As members of the PRR family, CLRs play a crucial role in the recognition of pathogens [45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4686, "input_1": "Thus, the rest were homology modeled using the I-TASSER suite (Roy et al., 2010) with the template macrocypin 1a and were submitted to the Protein Model Database (PMDB) server which can be accessed through http://mi.caspur.it/PMDB/.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4687, "input_1": "Several researchers claimed a relationship to gnathiferan taxa (Winnepenninckx et al., 1998; Giribet et al., 2000; Peterson and Eernisse, 2001; Zrzavý et al., 2001; Zrzavý 2002; Giribet et al., 2004), whereas others relatedCycliophora to Entoprocta (Zrzavý et al., 1998; Sørensen et al., 2000;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4688, "input_1": "TLR4 has a crucial function thatmediates signal pathway, produces inflammatory cytokines and promotes neutrophil chemotaxis in the process of corneal immune to fungal infection [13–16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4689, "input_1": "Single biopsy conventional TESE was used in the study of Amer et al. (2000) and Colpi et al. (2009) where in the other study protocols multiple biopsies were taken.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4690, "input_1": "This perhaps suggests that the inclusion of additional punisher ratios in the present study would have yielded similar results to Lie and Alsop (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4691, "input_1": "The toolchain generates the program’s CFG with estimated execution times of basic blocks by statically analyzing the program’s source code with clang and llvm [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4692, "input_1": "We suggest that this approach using DE-Seq2 or similar software, paired with phylogenetic studies of regulatory divergence (e.g., Coolon et al 2014) will continue the progress toward a broad, comparative understanding of regulatory evolution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4693, "input_1": "(2004) and Baker et al. (2004) except that acidic deconjugation was used in the present analysis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4694, "input_1": "This process is initiated by a double-stranded breakpoint within one arm of the Y chromosome, followed by homologous repair using the opposing arm as a template [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4695, "input_1": "One nodal family member Xnr3 lacks mesodermal-inducing activity via activating Smad2/3, but promotes neural induction by antagonizing BMP4 (Hansen et al., 1997; Haramoto et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4696, "input_1": "Similarly, in a study on 60 subjects, blinks were measured at the beginning and end of a working day (Caffier et al., 2003). Although no significant difference between alert and drowsy phases was found, a slightly decreased blink rate during drowsy phase was reported. However, these results contradict the findings of Morris and Miller (1996) about the efficiency of F in a moving base-flight simulator with 10 sleep-deprived pilots.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4697, "input_1": "We have already provided evidence of reliability and sensitivity of this technique [17, 18], which we have employed in clinical trials [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4698, "input_1": "The computational camera with the coded apertures is able to estimate the depth of the scene in a single image [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4699, "input_1": "Indeed, sex-specific molecular genetic markers have been developed in various organisms with heterogametic sex determination systems (e.g. Carmichael et  al. 2013; Devlin et  al. 2001; Felip et  al. 2005; Fowler and Buonaccorsi 2016; Gamble et al. 2015; Gamble and Zarkower 2014; Griffiths and Orr 1999; Griffiths and Tiwari 1993; Griffiths et al. 1992; Kafkas et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4700, "input_1": "Using simulations based on our PK model, we designed an infusion protocol of two consecutive constantrate infusions, the first of 125 mg kg 1 h 1 for 15 min followed by 25 mg kg 1 h 1 with the subjects at rest for 35 min, thereafter continuing the infusion during exercise until this phase was terminated by subject fatigue [2–4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4701, "input_1": "Lu and group [11] demonstrated that fibroblasts derived from keloids or hypertrophic scars have considerably lower quantities of Cx43 compared with counterparts derived from normal skin.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4702, "input_1": "During the fast phase, furrow ingression rapidly increases andmembrane addition is targeted to an apicolateral location (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4703, "input_1": "Moreover, there is emerging recognition that putrescine is an alternative precursor source of GABA (53, 67), a major neurotransmitter that has an important reproductive role because of its stimulatory actions on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone release in goldfish (46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4704, "input_1": "A recent storytelling task by Hendriks et al. (2014) confirmed this overall pattern but also highlighted that other factors can modulate this effect of the discourse stages. In the task used by Hendriks et al. (2014), participants were asked to tell picturebased stories featuring two characters of the same gender to a hypothetical listener. The six pictures of each story were shown one at a time. The first and second pictures displayed the first character only. A second character entered the story in the third picture, and in the fourth and fifth pictures he performed an action. The final picture showed again the first character alone. Hendriks et al. (2014) analyzed the references to the two characters at five positions in the story: Introduction and maintaining of first character, introduction and maintaining of second character, and re-introduction of first character1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4705, "input_1": "Moreover, the approach can be improved by incorporating critical processes such as dispersal and population dynamics (Guisan and Thuiller 2005; Cheung et al. 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4706, "input_1": "Many Sulfolobus chromatin proteins and transcription factors are post-translationally modified (Bell et al., 2002; Botting et al., 2010; Esser et al., 2012; Reimann et al., 2012; Niu et al., 2013; Reimann et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4707, "input_1": "Different from other content-based Web page clustering approaches [5, 13, 14], the SOM-based approach clusters Web pages based on users’ browsing patterns.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4708, "input_1": "However, the results of studies by Sajedi and Alizad,[20] Ghahramani\nand Tavakolizade,[21] Amir Ali Akbari et al.,[15] Nouhjah et al.,[30] Ozbek et al.,[39] Hediger et al.,[18] Potijk et al.[25] and Richter and Janson[24] are in contradiction with the above results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4709, "input_1": "Since the first ON1 location in\nOntario [Eshaghi et al., 2012], geographical dispersion has been reported worldwide [Choudhary et al., 2013; Cui et al., 2013; Valley-Omar et al., 2013; Agoti et al., 2014; Auksornkitti et al., 2014].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4710, "input_1": "It is clear from these results and those from previous studies Bagwell et al. 1998; 2001; Bergholz et al. 2001 that numerous diazotrophs inhabiting the rhizoplanes of salt marsh plants are strongly influenced by specific properties of the plant host and somewhat less influenced by the abiotic…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4711, "input_1": "For control purposes, the viruses RV-DUS2–11 (Falk et al., 2002) and RVHd65 (Besold et al., 2007) were employed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4712, "input_1": "The limits of detection for superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID), optical pumped magnetometer (OPM), Fluxgate, and magneto-impedance (MI) sensors at 10 Hz are approximately 1 fT/ √ Hz [1], 10 fT/ √ Hz [2], 5 pT/ √ Hz [3], and 10 pT/ √ Hz [4], respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4713, "input_1": "UV A radiation is absorbed by DNA and reacts with non-DNA chromophores, leading to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids in the skin [4,5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4714, "input_1": "LMM is an extension of typical linear regression analysis which includes random effects in the structure of the mean rather than the fixed effects.([17,19,25,26]) LMM was used to determine factors affecting growth trends over time.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4715, "input_1": "…leukoariosis), metabolic disorder (diabetes), psychiatric disorder (Axis I disorders except phobias), Mini Mental Status Exam score< 28, and over two years of piano playing within the past five years due to potentially atypical signal dynamics in primary sensorimotor cortex (Krampe et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4716, "input_1": "Additional support for Öhman’s view comes from electromyographic and neuroimaging studies of unconscious processing of masked facial expressions (Morris et al., 1998; Whalen et al., 1998; Dimberg, 2000; Dimberg et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4717, "input_1": "The steps of octasaccharide synthesis and modification are well-defined genetically (10, 11, 12, 67, 68, 94, 103, 113).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4718, "input_1": "Central motor conduction time (CMCT, in milliseconds) was calculated according to the F-wave method.(26) Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4719, "input_1": "Such a mechanism could account for the nucleation dependency of the aggregation and secondary structural transformation of fibroin observed in vitro and postulated to occur in vivo (54).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4720, "input_1": "Baumann et al (17) reported a single-center series of patients treated with the XTRACT procedure for ALI and showed similar results as the present study, with 78% efficacy (85.0% below the knee and 53.9% above the knee).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4721, "input_1": "…by other field surveys also showed that Aurelia spp. polyps were primarily located on the undersides of artificial structures in the coastal waters of Japan, the UK, and the Mediterranean Sea (Miyake et al., 2002; Purcell et al., 2009;\nDuarte et al., 2012; Malej et al., 2012; Marques et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4722, "input_1": "…intriguing are the recent observations showing\nextensive polymorphisms in the circadian clock genes in humans including Period (Per) genes that have been shown to be involved in alcohol-induced changes in circadian rhythms in rodents (Perreau-Lenz et al., 2009; Spanagel et al., 2005a,b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4723, "input_1": "Up to almost 70 percent of patients with NS-associated FSGS may attain complete or partial remission and maintain stable renal function for about 10 years when given a prolonged therapy with steroid or immunosuppressive drugs (19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4724, "input_1": "Intrinsic properties of NT MSNs (n = 59) were not significantly different from those measured from both hWT (n = 62) and hMT neurons both from coronal and parasagittal slices (n = 76, 27, respectively) (Table 1), and did not differ from those previously described for mouse MSN in tissue slice preparations (Goldberg et al., 2005; Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4725, "input_1": "included questions around ‘clear strategies and policies in government’ as well as ‘access to ICT in everyday life’ among the indices with the highest priority.(3) Developing countries require consideration of assessment within the context of rural areas.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4726, "input_1": "To infer the most likely number of groups (K) we compared the log probability LnP(D) of different values for K using an ad hoc statistic (DK, [26]) that calculates the second order rate of change of LnP(D).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4727, "input_1": "Madsen\net al. (2004) combined these data from trained delphinids with click parameters derived from wild false killer whales and Risso’s dolphins to estimate the ranges at which different prey targets may be detected by foraging toothed whale predators.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4728, "input_1": "Postoperative intubation time (hrs) median (IQR [range]) 13 (10-18 [4-91]) 11 (9-14 [5–29]) 18 (14-23[4-91]) <0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4729, "input_1": "In view of the results in rats and humans showing the FFA dependency of GSIS in the prolonged fasting state (18, 19, 42, 43) plus the very low fasting FFA levels caused by glucoseinduced hyperinsulinemia in the control group in Boden’s study, it is possible that this condition favored a maintenance of the difference between their heparinIntralipid study vs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4730, "input_1": "Sound is an attribute of every landscape (Slabbekoorn & Ripmeester 2008; Pijanowski et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4731, "input_1": "This result supports previous observations [24, 39], and shows that the mutase only produces the (R)-enantiomer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4732, "input_1": "Because the two structural suites are spatially correlative and share the same principal strain orientations, they could represent phases in a progressive deformation, with layer thickness as the evolving parameter [Ghent and Hansen, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4733, "input_1": "including reports of deWcient cortical processing speciWc to prosody (Erwin et al. 1991; Wang et al. 2001; Kujala et al. 2005; Korpilahti et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4734, "input_1": "The significantly better survival in younger patients in our study is in accordance with previous results [8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 33, 34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4735, "input_1": "Considering the growing interest in developing modulators of PPIs [54, 55], it will be important to design network-based approaches for the identification of ‘‘druggable’’ PPIs, selectively relevant for cells in pathological conditions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4736, "input_1": "thermophilus acyl-CoA synthetase was also propionylated (Okanishi et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4737, "input_1": "The in-person sessions for the RCT counselees lasted between 60–90 min [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4738, "input_1": "This might be because females of many species usually work close to their maximum capacity regardless of their work load (e.g., brood size), while males tend to increase their amount of care with increasing work load (Santos and Nakagawa 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4739, "input_1": "Similar results were observed among the general population and it may be related to late diagnosis in men [25], women’s best access to the health care services [26], and women’s greater concern with body image [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4740, "input_1": "chlorophenolicus T99, a mutant with a transposon insertion in a gene encoding a hydroxyquinol dioxygenase, resulting in an inability to grow on or degrade 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4741, "input_1": "Examination of plaque formation and growth curves were performed by standard methods as previously described (10, 35).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4742, "input_1": "This result is consistent with earlier empirical evidence (Pruitt & Gitman, 1991; Al-Twaijry, 2007; Ahmed & Javid, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4743, "input_1": "cholerae that is required for Hcp secretion [12], for killing of amoeba and bacteria [12,20], and also contributes to the inflammatory diarrhea in infant mice and rabbits [24,25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4744, "input_1": "Dogmatism, the tendency for individuals to be close-minded and driven by adherence to ideology in their beliefs, was measured using the 20-item version (Troldahl & Powell, 1965) of the Dogmatism Scale (DS; Rokeach, 1960; Rokeach & Fruchter, 1956).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4745, "input_1": "Our results show that strong WM deficits are produced, thus lending support to the hypothesis (37, 38) that low-frequency oscillations in subregions of the thalamus are causal in producing symptoms of SZ.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4746, "input_1": "studied nonverbal behavior during counseling sessions, and found high correlation between embodied synchrony (such as body movement coordination, similarity of voice strength and coordination and smoothness of response timing) and feeling of trust [144].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4747, "input_1": "This table shows that the mechanism of Abdullah (1966) produces sound in the frequency range of our observations and suggests that a limited range of frequencies will occur for a considerable range of vortex properties.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4748, "input_1": "Serum HCV RNA level was quantified by the LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics Applied Science, Penzberg, Germany) with the detection limit of 86 copies/ml (that is, 34 IU/ml) [32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4749, "input_1": "For example, Peña and Brody (Peña & Brody, 2014) show that users perceive norm-deviant posts by others to their individual profiles as inconsiderate and as damaging their relationship with the deviate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4750, "input_1": "In phase III studies, nivolumab has demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit in squamous NSCLC (9), nonsquamous NSCLC (10), melanoma (11), RCC (12), and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (13), and is being developed for several other tumor types.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4751, "input_1": "Linear subspaces generated from shape and albedo information recovered from a single image: (a) The (re-scaled) first 9 dimensions of an 11D approximation of the illumination cone [8] (b) The first 9 harmonic images [2] (c) Synthesised images of a subject illuminated by lights from the universal configuration [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4752, "input_1": "In [3] and [4], the authors introduce the idea of Early Application Identification and classify traffic flows by looking only at the lengths of the first packets in a flow; classification is performed by using clustering techniques such as K-means, Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4753, "input_1": "MD studies were performed for many GQ native structures (54,64–67), potential four-stranded intermediates with strand slippage (58,60) and G-triplexes (42,57,61).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4754, "input_1": "…0.07– 0.97, 0.45–4.1, 7.4–8.9, 2.97–18.92 and 12–35 mg/kg) in leafy green plants from Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China, Kathmandu, India and Turkey, respectively (Aweng et al. 2011; Kananke et al. 2014; Zhuang et al. 2009; Shakya and Khwaounjoo 2013; Yadav et al. 2013; Türkdoğan et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4755, "input_1": "The first method used the CADP (bisimulation) equivalence checker to compare the models MI that we learned for the mutant implementations I with the model MR learned for the reference implementation R.2 For each of the mutants, CADP quickly found a counterexample trace illustrating the difference between the models of the mutant and the model of the reference implementation (for each mutant it takes around 3 seconds to find the counterexample).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4756, "input_1": "All of the aforementioned methodologies assign a primary role to observation (Baker, 2006), which is defined as the “systematic recording of observable phenomena or behavior", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4757, "input_1": "Trials reported successful models of collaborative care which commonly involved a PCP, a mental health professional and a case manager (4,5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4758, "input_1": "The performance of RPSA is compared with that of the state-of-the-art multi-modality analysis techniques: CCA, PLS, BLM, Semantic Matching (SM) (Rasiwasia et al, 2010), Semantic Correlation Matching (SCM) (Rasiwasia et al, 2010), Generalized Multi-view Marginal Fisher Analysis (GMMFA) (Sharma and Kumar, 2012) and Generalized Multi-view LDA (GMLDA) (Sharma and Kumar, 2012) in Table 6.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4759, "input_1": "Neurotrauma is a significant public health problem(Andelic et al., 2009; Selassie et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4760, "input_1": "More informative for the study of midbrain development was the discovery that a subtle shifting of Otx2's caudal expression boundary effects mDA neuron population size; a caudal shift results in an increase in population and a rostral one a reduction [19-21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4761, "input_1": "To avoid this, while not losing the inside-plot variation information, we applied the nested design, in line with Colegrave and Ruxton (2018).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4762, "input_1": "Therefore, Induct RDR which derives rules directly from an extension of Cendrowska’s Prism algorithm [3] was made to be close to the bottom.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4763, "input_1": "…et al., 2009), executive functions/working memory (Martis et al., 2003; Bloch et al., 2008), procedural learning (O’Connor et al., 2005), language (Triggs et al., 1999), memory (Triggs et al., 1999; Martis et al., 2003; Fabre et al., 2004; Kuroda et al., 2006,), motor speed (Martis et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4764, "input_1": "This approach has been used in a range of clinical settings to develop practice (Coyer et al., 2007; Day et al., 2009; Kelly and Simpson, 2001) and to develop practitioner roles (Williamson et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4765, "input_1": "Even though there are now multiple variants of MRF (2,3,28,29), here an MRF sequence with a TrueFISP readout was implemented, as in the original MRF presenta-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4766, "input_1": "These results are however encouraging, and they have to be balanced with the literature illustrating the challenge related to reduce the metabolic cost of free walking with an assistive device [9, 37, 38, 51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4767, "input_1": ", 2012a) and to investigate the effect of breast support levels on breast kinematics and exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010; White et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4768, "input_1": "In this study, compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in the level of P in the 2.5 mg and 5 mg letorzole treated groups, consistent with other results [Fatemi et al. 2008; Garcia-Velasco et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2013].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4769, "input_1": "These results are in agreement with the observations in many cell types that agonist-induced AA release is mainly mediated by cPLA2 (Ui et al., 1995; Wu-Wong et al., 1996; Kramer and Sharp, 1997; Trevisi et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4770, "input_1": "We use LM-Cut (Helmert and Domshlak 2009) for h, the LM-Count heuristic for ĥ, and the FF-heuristic (ignoring action costs) for d̂.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4771, "input_1": "The implementation extends the simpler EnerJ type system [21] and is similarly based on Java 8’s extensible type annotations [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4772, "input_1": "…intrinsic activity for MOPr agonists (Traynor and Nahorski, 1995; Yu et al., 1997; Kovoor et al., 1998; Zaki et al., 2000; Clark et al., 2006; Saidak et al., 2006), however this parameter is not able to differentiate full agonists in terms of efficacy and can be highly dependent upon…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4773, "input_1": "The term lesser known species does not imply that the species are unknown, but rather they presently constitute the bulk of wood that finds no economic use (Barany et al. 2003). Hansom (1983) and ITTO (2007) described lesser-known species as those species for which current commercial demand is below their forest production potentials. Freezaillah (1984) also defined an LKS as a commercially less accepted species left in the forest after a logging operation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4774, "input_1": "Other alternatives include an extension of the well-known (μ + λ) evolution strategy (ES) for mixed integer problems, MIES (Li et al., 2013) and the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy CMA-ES (Hansen, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4775, "input_1": "We splite the MARC with non-causal side information at the encoders into two MACs with non-causal side information and use the obtained results in [5] for MAC with non-causal side information at the encoders.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4776, "input_1": "With the exception of a previously published analysis of the first of our two pooled studies (10); other investigations have associated parity with decreases in risk of colon and rectal cancer combined (6, 8, 21), or colon cancer alone (3, 15, 19-21, 27) but not rectal cancer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4777, "input_1": "…for ovarian and other similar cancer cell lines have shown an increase in infectivity through CAR-independent transduction, achieving higher reporter gene expression by several orders of magnitude in the primary tumor cells (Dmitriev et al., 1998; Kasono et al., 1999; Vanderkwaak et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4778, "input_1": "Israel is considered to be a lowto-intermediate incidence area of NPC; however, the incidence in North Africa is relatively higher [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4779, "input_1": "sufficient to disrupt core PCP asymmetry and result in a loss or reversal of structural polarity (Adler et al., 2000; Bastock et al., 2003; Strutt and Strutt, 2007; Tree et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4780, "input_1": "In fact, as it has been previously demonstrated in many different studies, peripheral blood lymphocytes are hosts to viral replication (14-17), while granulocytes may be passively carrying the different forms of HBV DNA as a result of their phagocytic activity on dead hepatocytes in the liver.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4781, "input_1": "If charge is screened at the site of blocker interaction, rates of dissociation are unaffected (Anderson et al., 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4782, "input_1": "If we choose a sufficiently large β which eliminates consistencies between all worker pairs, Algorithm 1 collapses to the traditional semi-supervised algorithm [25] by treating all workers independently.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4783, "input_1": "…that relates the dependent variable (e.g., hand opening or pointing distance) to physical variations of the target sizes used in the experiment (Bruno & Franz, 2009; Dewar & Carey, 2006; Franz, 2003a,\n2003b; Franz, Scharnowski, & Gegenfurtner, 2005; Glover & Dixon, 2002; Schenk et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4784, "input_1": "Relationships of tri-phasic parameters to force production\nIn previous work, we hypothesized that phase 1 frequency would impact force greatly (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4785, "input_1": "In the worst case, bank con icts may delay a memory request by hundreds or even thousands of nanoseconds [16, 37, 66, 129].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4786, "input_1": "Laboratory findings include antibody serologies that are positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and frequently anti-Sm and anti-double stranded DNA (antidsDNA) [3, 4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4787, "input_1": "The oceans are currently the most extensively explored biome in regards to phage–bacteria interactions.(3) Studies based on prophage induction by DNA-damaging agents suggest that lytic infections are more common in high nutrient availability conditions, whereas lysogeny is more frequent in oligotrophic conditions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4788, "input_1": "4: we use a concatenation\nof 16-bin histograms as in (Gray and Tao, 2008; Prosser et al., 2010; Zheng et al., 2011) (see also Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4789, "input_1": "Furthermore, it differs from the characteristics of apparent “active” urea transporters in the kidneys of amphibians (Schmidt-Nielsen and Shrauger 1963) and teleost fish (McDonald et al. 2000; McDonald et al. 2002), where thiourea is transported more effectively than acetamide.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4790, "input_1": "This is in comparison to previous work (Pan et al., 2006a) using a one-stage organosolv pretreatment of poplar where 90% of the original cellulose was recovered in the final water insoluble fraction.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4791, "input_1": "Analyses of apn2 and apn2/matIGS were rooted in TNT and RAxML to strain 4766, which exploratory nrITS and tub2 analyses and a previous study of the group [14] indicated is a suitable outgroup for inferring phylogenetic relationships within C. gloeosporioides s.l. Statistical support for the inferred nodes was determined in RAxML–HPC2 by bootstrapping with the number of replicates for the independent gene trees determined by implementation of the extended majority rule (–", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4792, "input_1": "…extensive isozyme (Lessios 1979, 1981a; Bermingham and Lessios 1993), mtDNA (Bermingham and Lessios 1993; McCartney et al. 2000), and bindin (McCartney and Lessios 2004) sampling has never identified a hybrid among postmetamorphic sea urchins in the Caribbean, which suggests that…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4793, "input_1": "The VG-cluster system of Kyoto University [10] was used for rendering and evaluation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4794, "input_1": "We used a blunt probe to lift the ventral scale that covers the opening to her cloaca such that a male could easily intromit one of his two hemipenes (Friesen et al. 2014b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4795, "input_1": "Currently, the majority of U.S. biofuel production is in the form of ethanol derived from starch- or grain-based feedstocks, with over 90% of the biofuels produced and used domestically coming from corn (Groom et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4796, "input_1": "Importantly, the same effect is observed in hydroxyurea-treated sld3-A dbf4–4A cells (42), in which the checkpoint kinases are activated normally but the key Rad53 phosphorylation sites in the initiation factors Sld3 and Dbf4 have been mutated (47), leading to the firing of late origins and an increase in DNA replication stress.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4797, "input_1": "This is not surprising and may simply be due to the fact that unlike past studies, our sample comprised women who had already had an adult sexual assault at the start of the study, so their risk level was likely higher from the start, and the sample was more homogeneous than past studies of women in general (Livingston et al., 1997; Messman-Moore et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4798, "input_1": "While many researchers have focused on retrieval of information regarding natural disasters [12,14,18], few have focused on the survivors’ behaviors and their mental condition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4799, "input_1": "In fact, Underwood (1957) made this very point when he observed that the sleeping subjects in Jenkins and Dallenbach’s (1924) classic sleep study did not avoid learning material that was similar to the study list, so avoidance of retroactive interference could not explain why sleep facilitates…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4800, "input_1": "In [8] the authors describe some real life design and application spaces for 6LoWPANs which show the importance of 6LoWPANs in near future.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4801, "input_1": "[11], complete inhibition of DLDH activity was observed after the application of 10 mM arsenite.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4802, "input_1": "We have found no strain differences in magnitude of NaCl responses, which is consistent with results of previous studies using the B6 and 129 strains (Gannon and Contreras, 1993; Ninomiya et al., 1996) and implies that gustatory neural responses of B6 and 129 mice to sodium-containing MSG, IMP and GMP are not affected by differential responses to sodium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4803, "input_1": "Among the available alternatives, we have selected three well-known tools: cbmc [27], a tool based on Bounded Model Checking (BMC), CPAchecker [15], a tool based on lazy abstraction and interpolation-based refinement, and Clousot [40], a recent tool based on Abstract Interpretation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4804, "input_1": "In our experiments, the GNN model used for DIFFPOOL is built on top of the GRAPHSAGE architecture, as we found this architecture to have superior performance compared to the standard GCN approach as introduced in [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4805, "input_1": "Model equations and approaches for analyzing the kinetic behavior of multienzymatic systems in the presence of an inhibitor, either with or without spontaneous reactivation, have been recently reviewed (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4806, "input_1": "All studies on validity of clinical tests satisfied the required quality items though three were unclear in one [11,20,21] and another was unclear in two quality items [18] (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4807, "input_1": "These changes have been associated with reductions in tree basal area, increases in tissue N-to-P (N:P) ratios, and progressive P limitation over time in forested systems (Wardle et al. 2004) and observed across nine chronosequences spanning 6–4100 ky in length in boreal, temperate, and subtropical zones (Peltzer et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4808, "input_1": "The recent boost of DNA “barcoding” in Madagascar (Nagy et al. 2012) and Korean (Jeong et al. 2013) herpetofauna and the formation of the “Cold Code” consortium (Murphy et al. 2013) for the global initiative to barcode amphibians and non-avian reptiles promoted COI gene as a recommended marker for…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4809, "input_1": "Still, it has been demonstrated that the psychological traits internal versus external locus of control are possible to affect by intervention among post-myocardial infarction patients at the level of secondary prevention [29] as well as health-related behaviours at the level of primary intervention [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4810, "input_1": "…the NWMoroccanmargin is ∼3.5 mm yr−1 in a WNW direction, predicted from paleo-\nmagnetic field measurements and slip vectors [Argus et al., 1989], from numerical models [Jiménez‐Munt and Negredo, 2003] and from GPS data [e.g., Calais et al., 2003; Nocquet and Calais, 2004; Fernandes et al., 2007].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4811, "input_1": "“Grounded theory is a paradigm for discovery of what is going on within a particular arena” (Glaser, 2005, p. 145) and is particularly useful for studying social phenomena about which little is known (Beck, 2004; Wuest, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4812, "input_1": "Isotopic enrichment of glucose and glycerol was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC model 6890 and MS model 5973, Hewlett-Packard, Fullerton, CA) of the pentaacetate and tris-trimethylsilyl derivatives, respectively, as previously described (4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4813, "input_1": "To estimate obesity and overweight differentials by social factors, we fitted two sets of logistic regression models, keeping in mind the causal sequencing of the covariates with obesity (5, 6, 8, 17).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4814, "input_1": "the hydrophobic motif (HM) site, respectively (Meili et al., 1999; Kamimura et al., 2008; Kamimura and Devreotes, 2010; Cai et al., 2010; Liao et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4815, "input_1": "Stacking then can yield to an electric connecting path between the single layers, resulting in eddy current losses [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4816, "input_1": "Accordingly, an analaysis of JV and SS may be captured better in a pooled/panel data-set rather than in a single cross-section data (e.g., that analysed by Javorcik and Wei (2009)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4817, "input_1": "Each participant underwent four static stretching exercises designed to stretch the leg extensor muscles of the dominant limb, according to the procedures of Cramer et al. (2004a, 2005) and Nelson et al. (2001b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4818, "input_1": "This decline is mainly attributable to a decrease in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma [3-10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4819, "input_1": "In both gastric (intestinal-type) and Barrett oncogenesis, HER2 overexpression has been reported in both cancer samples and IEN, suggesting an early involvement of HER2 dysregulation in the oncogenetic cascade [4,7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4820, "input_1": "Our previous studies showed that SD03-15 possesses 90.1 (nsp2) or 94.5 % (GP5) amino acid identity to SD01-08 (Fang et al., 2004, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4821, "input_1": "nigriventer venom, and is characterized by the inhibition of L-Glutamate receptors and their insecticidal activities [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4822, "input_1": "The contraceptive reliability of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS; Mirena®, Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany) is well established, with efficacy comparable to female sterilization [1–3], but with the added advantage of rapid return of fertility upon removal.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4823, "input_1": "However, similar to our results, previous studies have demonstrated that STAT1- deficient cells showed increased STAT3 activation [59-61].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4824, "input_1": "It should be noted, however, that a similar study of the metabolites of tamoxifen led to the identification of putative metabolites that are mutagenic (Cunningham and Rosenkranz 1995; Cunningham et al. 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4825, "input_1": "Serial liquid growth was performed as described previously (Meyer and Bailis, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4826, "input_1": "The NONMEM implementation allowed for connecting the WB-PBPK model to an in vitro based PKPD model, where the predicted unbound concentration\nin extracellular fluid was driving the bacterial killing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4827, "input_1": "…investigations and recent mRNA profiling studies have demonstrated that these adaptive responses occur at the transcriptional level in Arabidopsis (Branco-Price et al. 2005; Liu et al. 2005; Klok et al. 2002) and crop species, such as rice (Lasanthi-Kudahettige et al. 2007), sesame (Wang et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4828, "input_1": "…(2005), several differences between CPP protocols such as the number of compartments in the CPP apparatus as well as the usage of biased (as in Cunningham et al. 1992; Semenova et al. 1995) vs unbiased procedure (as in Orsini et al. 2005) might account for some of the discrepancies in the results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4829, "input_1": "In-person peer-support groups are one way in which HIV-positive women can share, listen to and support one another [79].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4830, "input_1": "2 of reference (17) obtaining results for the effect of treatments, qualitatively similar to those explicitly reported here.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4831, "input_1": "Nevertheless, present results on impulsive choice are also in apparent contradiction with findings from two studies [26,27] that have highlighted a relation between problem gambling severity and delay discounting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4832, "input_1": "Signalmediated MPO trafficking appears to be a likely mechanism of phase-matched electric field effects on neutrophils that accounts for changes in metabolism, oxidant production and DNA damage in response to weak electric fields (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4833, "input_1": "Several researchers in association rule discovery and AC, i.e. (Costa et al., 2013; Thabtah et al., 2004), have pointed out that the minsupp threshold often controls the numbers of rules generated and the training time consumed during the rule discovery and production steps.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4834, "input_1": "Performance evaluation\n The performance of developed models was evaluated by calculating overall accuracy of prediction, sensitivity, specificity (Han et al., 2008; Lamanna et al., 2008) and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) (Matthews, 1975).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4835, "input_1": "22 as a result of the presence of an RNA hairpin, which has not been observed in our previous study with unstructured mRNA (m291 and m301) or other single molecule studies [9,22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4836, "input_1": "In addi tion, these results are consistent with existing research that net repair is relative y rare [22,32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4837, "input_1": "We assessed perceptions of Roma\nhomogeneity by asking participants to indicate how similar they thought the Roma are to each other across several dimensions (e.g., ‘intellect’, ‘values’, ‘morality’; α = .91; see Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4838, "input_1": "…Task (Stroop, 1935) is probably the task that has been the most extensively used in a wide variety of fields in psychology, including the experimental, developmental, psychopathological and neuropsychological ones (see Dyer, 1973; MacLeod, 1991; MacLeod and MacDonald, 2000, for detailed reviews).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4839, "input_1": "On the other hand, some researchers (e.g., Lister, 1990; Ramos & Mormède, 1998) have questioned the use of ambulation and defecation as indexes of emotionality in the first place.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4840, "input_1": "Gaussian process dynamic programming (GPDP) is a model-based dynamic programming algorithm for fully known dynamics in which the value functions are modeled by GPs [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4841, "input_1": "Systemic nonHodgkin lymphoma is estimated to affect 43 000 persons per year in the United States; ocular involvement is uncommon, representing approximately 2% of all extranodal lymphoma cases.(1-20) Lymphoproliferative lesions include a wide range of diseases such as benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoma, based on varying degrees of histopathologic and immunophenotypic features.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4842, "input_1": "These characteristics of ICa in type I and type II utricular hair cells are in good agreement with those described in the ampullar crista (Bao et al., 2003; Almanza et al., 2003; Dou et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4843, "input_1": "…during the La Niña phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have the most direct influence, with Atlantic Ocean SSTs perhaps having an indirect influence through dynamic effects on the atmospheric general circulation (Cook et al. 2011; Kushnir et al. 2010; McCrary and Randall 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4844, "input_1": "Conversely, depression and dysphoria are\nassociated with a reduced ability to form vivid mental images of positive future events and reduced accessibility of such images (MacLeod and Byrne, 1996; Stöber, 2000; Holmes et al., 2008b; Morina et al., 2011; Holmes et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4845, "input_1": "Our results are in line with recent data from a study of human fibroblasts [20], as well as rodent models of T2D, where the expression of ,10% of miRNAs were reported to be under genetic control [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4846, "input_1": "[24] and Konkol and Konopı́k [11] hold state-of-the-art results for Czech NER.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4847, "input_1": "For all datasets except LabelMeFacade [31] and RueMonge2014 [14] datasets, we report five fold cross-validation results, the standard protocol used in the literature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4848, "input_1": "(7) The postoperative cavity did not communicate to the ventricles [9, 14, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4849, "input_1": "DualNet [27] visualizes sub-networks of node-link diagrams with side-by-side views.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4850, "input_1": "Presence/absence screening for apicomplexans in scleractinian corals\nExtraction of coral holobiont DNA utilized the Wizard (Promega) DNA preparation protocol (Thornhill et al. 2006b; Kemp et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4851, "input_1": "If medical evaluation reveals systemic lymphoma, treatment of the ocular disease is secondary to systemic treatment (usually chemotherapy).(1-30) The effectiveness of EBRT for the treatment of lymphoma of the eye and its adnexa has been widely documented.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4852, "input_1": "Polar coding has also proven to be a versatile coding method capable of achieving the information-theoretic limits in a wide range of source and channel coding problems; for a representative list of such work, we cite [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4853, "input_1": "In addition, some compatible solutes can serve as efficient protective agents by stabilizing the structures and functions of certain macromolecules (Santoro et al., 1992; Papageorgiou and Murata 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4854, "input_1": "Cell cycle progression is driven by changes in cyclin–CDK complexes, and if control of the cell cycle is disrupted, progress through the cycle might be stimulated by overexpressed cyclins, enhanced CDK activity or inactivated CDK inhibitors (Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Chulu and Liu, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4855, "input_1": "The maintenance of close nest burrows (King 1989b; Viblanc et al. 2010), greater tolerance (King 1989a; V.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4856, "input_1": "While in various studies a high diagnostic accuracy for detecting SDB and a good correlation of AHI values has been shown for polygraphs compared with polysomnography [47-52], it is conceivable that the patients in this study population did not sleep well during the night before surgery and thus, the polygraphs might have underestimated the AHI scores in this setting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4857, "input_1": "[24] Reyes-Coronado D, Rodriguez-Gattorno G, Espinosa-Pesqueira ME, Cab C, Coss Rd, Oskam G.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4858, "input_1": "As the latest piece of information, a synthetic peptide comprising residues 33–63 of ATP7B (i.e., peptide stretch just before MBD1) was found by NMR to interact at the interface between N- and A-domains despite the usage of a high concentration of the peptide (Yu et al. 2017b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4859, "input_1": "We have previously shown that HMGA1 is a novel target of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein (Pentimalli et al., 2008), the main cellular sensor of DNA damage.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4860, "input_1": "fumigatus, as has been postulated in other organisms (Hayes and Pulford, 1995), and also suggests there may be further, as yet undiscovered, GSTs in this fungus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4861, "input_1": "A number of studies report positive results using a combination of strategies to treat adolescents [46, 47, 60, 64, 65].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4862, "input_1": "A second potential limitation is that the recovery rate of yeast was significantly lower in this study compared to results in studies which employed selective yeast media [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4863, "input_1": "After 50 min of acclimatization and cardiovascular recordings, measurements of the respiratory frequency (Rf) were also performed by using the whole-body plethysmography method (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4864, "input_1": "To avoid difficulties in multiple-regression analysis resulting from highly interdependent traits (Mitchell-Olds and Shaw 1987), a single size index was calculated for each individual by taking the product of 2003 stem height and total leaf area.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4865, "input_1": "Whole cell patchclamp recordings were performed at 30°C as described previously (20, 32, 37, 42, 45).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4866, "input_1": "Moreover, a neuroprotective role of estrogen in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is well supported by in vitro and in vivo studies using different toxin models, namely 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [6, 7] and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) [8-10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4867, "input_1": "Information workers typically rely on an ecosystem of desktop and portable computers that span both work and home to support a wide range of professional and personal tasks [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4868, "input_1": "…in general, with the positive effects reported in other studies with regard to self-management programs, which were similar to the prob-\nlem-focused approach of this study (Birk et al., 2004; Brody et al., 2002, 2005; Dahlin-Ivanoff, 2000; Dahlin-Ivanoff et al., 2002; Eklund et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4869, "input_1": "Some previous studies reported temporal and spatial variations of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants in China (Chai et al., 2014; Chen and Xie, 2014; Han et al., 2009; Johansson et al., 2007; Karar et al., 2006; Lewne et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Martini et al., 2015; Meng et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2008, 2014d; Zhang et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2013), but detailedly observational data were scarce. Additionally, most of the studies were only limited in one single city or air pollutant. For example, based on dailymean concentrations of PM10, NO2 and SO2 for five fixed-site air monitoring stations in urban area of Guangzhou from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2011, Li et al. (2014) analyzed timescale-dependent relationships between air pollution index (API) and a variety of meteorological factors by the wavelet analysis, and found temperature, RH (relative humidity), precipitation and wind speed were negatively correlated with API. Qu et al. (2010) also studied spatial distribution and interannual variation of PM10 mass concentrations reconstructed from API records over 86 Chinese cities between summer 2000 and winter 2006. Their results indicated PM10 concentrationswere the highest in northern China and the lowest in southern China. Recently, spatial–temporal variations ofmultiple pollutants have also been reported. Wang et al. (2014d) firstly analyzed variations of six criteria pollutants in 31 capital cities from March 2013 to February 2014 based on hourly mean data released by theMinistry of Environmental Protection (MEP) of China.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4870, "input_1": "With the exception of OsCYCD6;1, all other rice D-type cyclins have the conserved LxCxE motif in their sequence (Menges et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4871, "input_1": "At the plateau margins, the fold fabric is commonly organized into long, wide, margin-parallel belts perpendicular to the trend of the pervasive extensional fabric [e.g., Bindschadler et al., 1992a, 1992b; Brown and Grimm, 1997; Gilmore et al., 1997, 1998; Ghent and Hansen, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4872, "input_1": "PPR7, a Small PPR Protein in C. reinhardtii\nPPR7 (Cre01.g048750) is one of the two unusually small PPRs in C. reinhardtii (Tourasse et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4873, "input_1": "We also used phylogenetic comparative methods that estimate phylogenetic signal and take the degree of phylogenetic signal into account when testing predictions (Pagel 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4874, "input_1": "Our results are consistent to the findings of a recent study by Khannoon et al.43, where higher sliding friction was measured on subdigital scales in Ch. calyptratus in contact with a glass bead than on scales of the dorsal side of the feet.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4875, "input_1": "Therefore, we implemented the new method and compared it against a well established quadratic regularization method for unconstrained optimization introduced in [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4876, "input_1": "Over the last decade, international efforts have contributed to developing standards for evaluating autonomic functions that are currently represented by the ISAFSCI table (2012) [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4877, "input_1": "We found 2 studies investigating continuous traction for chronic NDR and MND (26, 34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4878, "input_1": "rats and molluscs as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively, whereas humans are accidental hosts infected through the consumption of raw or undercooked molluscs that contain the infective third stage larvae (L3) [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4879, "input_1": ", 2005), those that have highlight the role of the pre-SMA, IFG, and putamen in processing specifically temporal information (Coull et al., 2004, 2008; Harrington et al., 2010; Morillon et al., 2009; Rao et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4880, "input_1": "It is small (38 mm637 mm618 mm ), lightweight (925 g) and has been demonstrated to measure physical activity in children reliably when compared with heart rate monitoring [16] indirect [9] and room [4] calorimetry, and doubly labelled water [17] techniques.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4881, "input_1": "Structures used in the work\nFour structures (Berman et al. 2000) were used in this work, representing the three functional states of calmodulin.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4882, "input_1": "To achieve such a vision we benefit from a national integrated system of community health services in which about 47 governmental medical science universities and their 400 affiliated research centers and research institutions are managed under the supervision of Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) (4-6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4883, "input_1": "…relative abundance in\ndifferent structures of the brain and spinal cord (Benke et al. 1999; Billinton et al. 1999;\nBischoff et al. 1999; Fritschy et al. 1999; Kaupmann et al. 1998b; Liang et al. 2000;\nMalitschek et al. 1998; Poorkhalkali et al. 2000; Princivalle et al. 2000; Towers et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4884, "input_1": "CBF images (SCBF) with intensity in units of milliters per gram per minute were calculated (4,9) pixel by pixel using SCBF /T1 (Sc SL)/(SL (2 1)Sc), where SC and SL are signal intensities of the control and labeled images, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4885, "input_1": "To prevent from counterfeit surgery, drug, procedure or site, Sandlin [18] proposed a RFID system called SurgiChip.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4886, "input_1": "reported the same results.(9) The present study is a simplification and an improvement of the original ROLL technique.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4887, "input_1": "…cargo trafficking (Cai et al., 2011; Gallon et al., 2014; Lauffer et al., 2010; Lunn et al., 2007; Steinberg et al., 2013; Temkin et al., 2011; Valdes et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013), and our results now suggest an additional unique property of this protein with respect to lipid headgroup…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4888, "input_1": "The results found in present study confirm the studies carried out by Davison et al. (2008); Dollman & Lewis (2007) and Timperio et al. (2006), which point out the existence of a tendency of boys to commute actively more often than girls.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4889, "input_1": "The mission, as defined in (Rüdiger et al., 2007a), is thus just a special trajectory or behavior inB.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4890, "input_1": "1995), and exerts psychostimulant and memory-reinforcing properties (Ladurelle et al. 1997; Léna et al. 1999; Sebret et al. 1999); it B.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4891, "input_1": "However, localization of additional\nγ-tubulin that surrounds the centrosomes only during mitosis does require microtubules (McNally and Thomas, 1998; Khodjakov and Rieder, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4892, "input_1": ", it may add half-siblings, step-siblings, and grandparents of step-siblings) and therefore lead to negative implications for children (Brown et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4893, "input_1": "…landscapes of food systems as well, like sugar (Bro 1999), meat (Moller and others 2003), fish oil (Pedersen and others 2002), milk (Boubellouta and Dufour 2008), yogurt (Christensen and others 2005), cheese (Christensen and others 2003), wines (AiradoRodriguez and others 2009),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4894, "input_1": "To analyze distribution of transported substrates into mitochondria of NRK-52E cells, subcellular fractions were separated by digitonin fractionation (Lash et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4895, "input_1": "Several of the congenital malformations associated with carbimazole exposure observed in this study, including aplasia cutis, choanal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, omphalocele, patent vitellointestinal duct, nipple abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies, have previously been reported in association with carbimazole/methimazole exposure in utero [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4896, "input_1": "In these and other studies (e.g. Andersen and Beyer 2006; Maury et al. 2007; Law et al. 2009; Blanchard et al. 2009; Hartvig et al. 2011), the McKendrick–von Foerster equation is used to model the predation and the consequent predator growth that moves biomass through the ecosystem (McKendrick…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4897, "input_1": "Furthermore, similar to an early study by Thiriet and colleagues (10), Boiselle and colleagues have recently demonstrated that the highly collapsed trachea (>50% in cross-sectional area) on dynamicexpiratory CT scans, which is concordant with the current diagnostic criteria of TM/TBM, is frequently observed in subjects with normal lung function (9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4898, "input_1": "Although there are herbivores such as snowshoe hares, red squirrels and microtine rodents at this site, understory composition is more affected by the limited soil nutrients than by herbivores [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4899, "input_1": "In reference to MDMA, the lethal dose—50 in male albino mice—was almost 5 times lower in aggregated than in isolated conditions (Davis et al., 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4900, "input_1": "We and others have characterized the biochemistry of serum-derived sMHC and shown quantitative differences between individuals of different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes [4–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4901, "input_1": "ISCA 2012 paper [66], simply adding more banks to the memory subsystem comes at signi cantly high costs or reduced performance regardless of the way it is done: more banks per chip, more ranks per channel, or more channels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4902, "input_1": "These results differ from those of Goodman et al. (2002) but are in agreement with two other studies (Lachman et al., 1996; Syvänen et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4903, "input_1": "The PCR product was digested with AgeI/NotI and ligated between the G and the L gene (similar to Roberts et al., 1999) into the vectors pVSVCT-1 and pVSVCT-9 (Schnell et al., 1998), which had been digested with XmaI/NotI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4904, "input_1": "Thirty-one additional bindin sequences of E. viridis and 16 of E. vanbrunti (accession numbers AY451276–AY451323, McCartney and Lessios 2004) were included in the analyses.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4905, "input_1": "EEG analyses\nthe analyses of oscillatory activity were conducted according to previously published methods (e.g., see arzy et al. 2010; Bernasconi et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4906, "input_1": "Because the doses of labeled caffeine were adjusted to body weight, the 13C enrichment values were recorded without body weight normalization [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4907, "input_1": "A recently proposed criterion selects the cut-point maximizing the classification concordance probability, which is equivalent to a product of the associated sensitivity and specificity [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4908, "input_1": "Other studies, on the contrary, reported opposite results, supporting a link between beta-cell function and long-term complications [9,10], which may be exerted indirectly, through better metabolic control [9,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4909, "input_1": "This is comparable to results obtained by GonzaÃÅlez Benito et al. (1997), who conducted laboratory batch tests to determine the ability of Trametes versicolor to treat molasses-based distillery wastewater.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4910, "input_1": "Data Centric Storage (DCS) [24, 27, 42, 56] is a prominent data-storage and queryprocessing mechanism on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4911, "input_1": "The Index was developed by Zill and Peterson, based on numerous preexisting instruments (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981; Graham & Rutter, 1968a; Kellam, Branch, Agorwal, & Ensminger, 1975; Langner et al., 1976; Rutter, Tizard, & Whitmore, 1970; National Center for Health Statistics, 1971).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4912, "input_1": "Trials were considered eligible if they satisfied the following inclusion criteria: (1) RCTs comparing RIC versus no conditioning in patients with AMI; (2) patients were treated by primary PCI or thrombolysis; (3) RIC was induced by intermittent limb ischemia–reperfusion; and (4) trials at least reported one of the following outcome measures, including enzymatic myocardial infarction size as assessed by serum peak creatine", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4913, "input_1": "This is a puzzling finding, for in the barn owl, with its excellent high frequency hearing, there are no ‘tall’ hair cells in the basal half of the papilla (Smith et al., 1985).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4914, "input_1": "While serum glucose was estimated by the modified glucose oxidase method, using GOD-POD kits (Glaxo India Ltd, Mumbai, India); for the hepatic LPO, SOD, CAT and GSH routine\nprotocols, followed earlier in our laboratory, were used (Jatwa and Kar, 2006; Panda and Kar, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4915, "input_1": "Morphometrical analysis for villous height, crypt depth, villous width, epithelial surface area, and villous compartment volume was done as described elsewhere [18], but only the first 2 measurements were taken for biopsy samples obtained after baseline.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4916, "input_1": "In addition, it was shown before that domain I is necessary for the degradation of the substrates (23, 27).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4917, "input_1": "For definition of infection we used criteria provided by the Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (SSI), which distinguishes between superficial incisional SSI, deep incisional SSI and organ/space SSI [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4918, "input_1": "Molecular, anatomical and behavioural characteristics of GR-i mice\nAs previously reported (Froger et al. 2004 ; Holsboer & Barden, 1996 ; Pepin et al. 1992), genome incorporation of the transgene encoding GR antisense RNA downregulated GR expression in GR-i mice.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4919, "input_1": "Trait data collection\n We used 10 plant functional traits related to growth, survival, and the response to environmental change (Pérez-Harguindeguy et al. 2013), including leaf area (LA; mm2), specific leaf area (SLA; mm2 g 1), chlorophyll content (measured by the SPAD device unit [see below]),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4920, "input_1": "Beuschlein et al. (2013) identified somatic mutations in the ATP1A1 gene encoding Na+/K+ ATPase α subunit and the ATP2B3 gene encoding Ca2+ ATPase in APA, which are genes involved in regulating sodium, potassium, and calcium ion homeostasis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4921, "input_1": "We have implemented our ideas in the LLVM [28] compilation infrastructure, and have used this implementation to improve the effectiveness of Polly-LLVM [17], a loop-optimizer used in tandem with that compiler.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4922, "input_1": "Since many of the interactions come from highthroughput studies and since such studies are known to have numerous false positives, we applied the method of Goldberg and Roth [62] to estimate the reliability of each PPI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4923, "input_1": "The study reporting a 40% specificity included only five disease negative patients [24]; in contrast to larger disease free cohorts [23,31] reporting specificities of up to 98.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4924, "input_1": "In France, the SCID (the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [22]) was used to identify schizophrenia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4925, "input_1": "However, several lignin-degrading white-rot fungi seem to operate ligninolysis without expressing detectable\nligninase activity (Sannia et al. 1991; Garzillo et al. 1992; Srebotnik et al. 1994; Eggert et al. 1996b, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4926, "input_1": "Staffing measures used in previous studies include nurse full-time equivalents\n(FTEs), nursing hours per patient day (HPPD), registered nurse (RN) skill mix, nurse-to-patient ratios, and nurseperceived staffing adequacy (Aiken et al., 2002; Schmalenberg and Kramer, 2009; Unruh et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4927, "input_1": "2013), whereas with the overexpression of the strawberry FaMYB1, it is shared only the down-regulation of ANS/ LDOX (Aharoni et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4928, "input_1": "Several authors have reported Cx43 modulation in human diseases related to poor skin healing, such as hypertrophic scars and keloids [11] or in wounds of diabetic patients [32,33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4929, "input_1": "The electrostatic surface representations of the CRV-ZWE-157 protein structure and the DRBP template were produced by the Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) plugin [43] in PyMOL [44]\n List of Abbreviations aa: amino acid; APBS: Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver; BLASTp: Basic local alignment search tool protein; CRV: Crocodilepox virus; CRV-ZWE: Crocodilepox virus strain Zimbabwe; DGCR8: DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8; DRBP: double-stranded RNA-binding proteins; dsRNA: doublestranded RNA; KSDSSP: Kabsch and Sander algorithm for defining the secondary structure of proteins; MCV: Molluscum contagiosum virus; MSA: Multiple sequence alignments; MUSCLE: multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation; NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information; PSIBLAST: Position specific iterated-BLAST; RMSD: Root mean square deviation; RNAi: RNA interference; TRBP: TAR RNA Binding Protein; VACV: Vaccinia virus; VBRC: Viral bioinformatics resource center; VOCs: Viral Orthologous Clusters\n Acknowledgements This work was funded by a Canadian NSERC Discovery grant.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4930, "input_1": "Recently, an ansatz for D = 11 FS spacetimes corresponding to M5-branes wrapping SLAG cycles of a Calabi-Yau 3-fold has been constructed [29] using the G-structures approach [30, 31, 32, 33, 34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4931, "input_1": "The remaining 10% were attributed to a diploid oocyte due to a failure in the first meiotic division (Jacobs et al., 1978).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4932, "input_1": "The cutting scores for TOMM and WMT were derived from the test manuals (Green, 2005; Tombaugh, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4933, "input_1": "4B, top) by using a method of adenovirus conjugated to poly-Llysine as described previously (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4934, "input_1": "Most recently, we identified 361 propionylation sites in 183 mid-exponential and late stationary phase proteins in Thermus thermophilus, an extremely thermophilic eubacterium (Okanishi et al. 2014), which was the first report showing the prevalence of post-translational lysine propionylation on diverse proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4935, "input_1": "Interestingly, this meta-perceptual distinction between being (perceived to be) dehumanized and disliked parallels a similar distinction between dehumanizing and disliking, which have been shown to exert independent effects on intergroup outcomes (e.g., Andrighetto et al., 2014; Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4936, "input_1": "…kisspeptin was identified as a ligand for the orphan G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), which was first described in the rat brain and subsequently in human (then named AXOR12 and hOT7T175) (Lee et al., 1999; Muir et al., 2001; Ohtaki et al., 2001), now termed KISS1R (Gottsch et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4937, "input_1": "However, US and MW contrast strongly in protection levels, as US lacks law enforcement on the ground and therefore human disturbance is high (Rovero et al. 2012); 3) Matundu (MT) is the largest (526 km2) forest block in the Udzungwa range, and is predominantly lowland (280–1,000 m a.s.l.; Marshall…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4938, "input_1": "We elected to take this course because formal methods for analyzing the efficiency of move ordering strategies in the alpha-beta search are unreported in the literature [27, 30], and as a result, practical experimentation is the accepted form of analysis in the state-of-the-art [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4939, "input_1": "We then trained the unlexicalised parsers BitPar (Schmid, 2004) and LoPar (Schmid, 2000), and the Stanford parser (Klein and Manning, 2003) in its lexicalised and Markovised form14 on the training set and tested them on the 2000 test sentences as well as on the 200 TePaCoC sentences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4940, "input_1": "The keyword search semantics on XML documents are mainly focus on the Lowest common ancestor (LCA) based semantics, including the LCA semantics and its variants [28–30,32,34,39] to improve the search quality.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4941, "input_1": "The FLNA(16-23) fragment was injected on immobilized ICL3 or ICL3ΔCt (FLNA negative control) prior to β-arr2 injection.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4942, "input_1": "In a previous publication (Dymkowska et al., 2006) we showed that arachidonic acid induced apoptosis in rat hepatoma AS-30D cells along with a drastic increase of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4943, "input_1": "If macros are considered to be critically important, it would be possible to replace them by function calls using demacrofication [76].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4944, "input_1": "The term lesser known species does not imply that the species are unknown, but rather they presently constitute the bulk of wood that finds no economic use (Barany et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4945, "input_1": "These results are consistent with results from prior studies of normal personality traits during different periods in adulthood which suggest that genetic influences are stable over time (McGue et al. 1993; Johnson et al. 2005; Kandler et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4946, "input_1": "Eicosanoids can have potent biological affects that include modulation of cellular replication and sensitivity to apoptosis.(33,40) Their production is dependent on expression of specific enzymes and the relative abundance of PUFA substrate, which we clearly modified with our experimental diets.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4947, "input_1": "As shown in the simulation studies in Bartroff and Lai (2008) and in the asymptotic theory in Section 4, this approach yields adaptive tests that are comparable to the benchmark optimal adaptive test of Jennison and Turnbull (2006a,b) for a normal mean, which assumes known variance and a specified…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4948, "input_1": "Further evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation targets functionally important residues includes modification of the response regulator PhoP switch residue Tyr98 [41] and SspA Tyr92, which protrudes from a surface-exposed pocket and is critical for activity [42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4949, "input_1": "Macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells present at the site of synovitis promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent activation of inflammatory molecules which are involved in the progression of RA [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4950, "input_1": "Two prospective studies described combination therapy with EECI and balloon dilation: one each from Japan [11] and Germany [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4951, "input_1": "Interestingly, B. licheniformis fur (furBL) seems to have two independent PerR boxes suggesting that the regulation of furBL by PerRBL may be different from that of B. subtilis fur which has only one PerR box sequence in the promoter region (Fuangthong et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4952, "input_1": "To quantify the difference between these patterns, we calculated the difference in perceived locations of the 4th and 5th click-pairs, a procedure introduced by Hari and Kiesilä (1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4953, "input_1": "Recognized risk factors that may account for the occurrence and severity of radiation retinopathy, especially in cases following low dosages, include diabetes mellitus and chemotherapy.(8,9) Systemic hypertension may also be a risk factor in some cases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4954, "input_1": "We used expert consensus to identify Diagnosis Related Group (DRG), Current Procedural Terminology (CPT), and ICD9-CM codes relevant to diabetic foot conditions to adapt the classification scheme of the IWG on the diabetic foot.(8) The risk categories were then ordered by severity into levels from 0 (lowest, with no codes of interest) to 6 (highest).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4955, "input_1": "Neuropsychological test variables used in the present analyses include Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)\n [35], Clinical Dementia Rating scale global & sum of boxes scores [36], Category Fluency (animal naming), Trailmaking tests A & B, WAIS Digit-Symbol substitution, Wechsler Logical Memory delayed recall, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-revised (WAIS-R) forward and reverse digit span tests.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4956, "input_1": "For example, NusA binds reversibly to RNAP in affecting pausing and termination (120) but is believed to bind irreversibly in an antitermination complex with N (8, 45) or Q of bacteriophage 82 (82Q) (126).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4957, "input_1": "…including slope of the landscape and distance to road (Fortin et al. 2005), habitat diversity (Boyce, Mao & Merrill 2003), habitat openness (e.g. Creel & Winnie 2005; Proffitt et al. 2009), snowpack and elk density (e.g. Gower et al. 2009; Proffitt et al. 2015), and predation risk from wolves…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4958, "input_1": "Genome-wide SNP genotyping for SHARP subjects was performed by Affymetrix, Inc. (Santa Clara, CA) using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4959, "input_1": "4%, an enormous improvement compared to the Lumbini survey 1995 result that reported just 15% [20, 24, 38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4960, "input_1": "Cattle and sheep are thought to be the major reservoir of STEC, since the species often carry STEC in their intestinal flora and serve as a source of food contamination (Martins da Costa et al., 2011). There are some studies about the presence and prevalence of STEC and EPEC in healthy poultry feces and product. The results of the present study revealed the presence of two stx2 positive isolates, which were considered as STEC pathotype. On the other hand, 11% of the examined external and visceral cavity isolates were only positive for the eae gene, which were considered as EPEC strains. Moreover, one of the isolates possessed both stx2 and eae genes which is considered as highly pathogenic. This isolate belonged to phylo-groupD and phylo-subgroupD2. Salehi (2012) in Iranhas evaluated the presence of virulence factors in 290 fecal E.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4961, "input_1": "Deep pocket volumes of surface pockets at protein interaction sites harboring a bound inhibitor (red circles) and pockets found elsewhere on the protein surface (black x’s) are plotted against the corresponding pocket volumes identified by Q-SiteFinder, for each of the sites used in Figure 1B.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4962, "input_1": "The next section recaptures some basic results on multifractal products of stochastic processes as developed in Kahane (1985), Kahane (1987) and Mannersalo et al (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4963, "input_1": "The knee extensor force was thus registered through the axis of the load cell perpendicular to the shank (39,46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4964, "input_1": "The HIR complex has been reported to interact with SWI/SNF and is necessary for the recruitment of SWI/SNF to the histone genes [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4965, "input_1": "Hogan, et al also showed that literacy was the most important factor in increasing contraceptive knowledge and the desire to limit or space births (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4966, "input_1": "All participants were randomised in the included trials, however, only four studies [32–35] specified the method used, one of which [33] described randomisation by sequential allocation according to age (and symptom duration) a method deemed inappropriate by van Tulder et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4967, "input_1": "(4) Severe oxygenation failure: PaO2/FIO2 of less than 150 mmHg or intrapulmonary shunt 20% or greater while on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 12 cm H2O or greater, with PAOP of less than 18 mmHg, and chest roentgenograph with infiltrates.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4968, "input_1": "Inclusion criteria were [9, 14, 15]: (1) All the patients had undergone total resection and were confirmed to be HGG by pathology.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4969, "input_1": "We use one stage face detector with main bone of ZF-net [34], VGG CNN M 1024 [3], VGG16 [25] and ZF-24-net.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4970, "input_1": "Random transposon mutagenesis by TnYLB-1 The mutagenesis was preformed according to Le Breton et al., 2006 [92].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4971, "input_1": "Language Stream In our experiments, we apply the GoogleNet [36] with batch normalization [44] as image encoder and CNN-RNN [34] as text encoder.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4972, "input_1": "Investigations of the intact animal and of reduced abdominal preparations have shown that the force generated by the reflex can widely vary (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4973, "input_1": "We previously reported that oxidative DNA damage in chondrocytes accumulates in the degenerated articular cartilage in OA, reducing its maintenance potential [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4974, "input_1": "An interpretative approach [18] is used to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms influencing the development of electronic co-operation tools in the healthcare sector.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4975, "input_1": "Increasing evidence suggests that the CaSR, a G protein-coupled receptor, plays an important role in controlling divalent cation reabsorption in the renal tubule in health and disease (Riccardi & Brown, 2010; Riccardi & Kemp, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4976, "input_1": "responsive elements (GREs), and indirectly, through suppression of other transcription factors (eg, NF-jB); and these mechanisms are relevant to GC efficacy and possibly side effects in DMD.(30,31) The SPP1 promoter is predicted to contain both GREs and NF-jB–responsive sites, and further studies are needed to dissect these mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4977, "input_1": "One way to understand these algorithms is to view their cost functions as free-energy functions from statistical physics (Yedidia et al., 2004; Heskes, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4978, "input_1": "GATA4 is a critical transcription factor of most cardiacexpressed structural genes and hypertrophy-related genes, including the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene [13,14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4979, "input_1": "Parke’s (1999) Error Duration Model contains long memory exclusively at the zero frequency.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4980, "input_1": "Once in aquatic environments, inorganic Hg is microbiologically transformed to MeHg (Anderson et al. 2004; Zahir et al. 2005), making it more prone to biomagnification (Zahir et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4981, "input_1": "An SVC is equivalent to a shunt capacitor and a shunt reactor that can be adjusted to control the voltage and reactive power at its terminals in a prescribed manner [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4982, "input_1": "On the other hand, whereas the benchmark optimal adaptive test needs to assume a specified alternative, these adaptive two-stage tests and the adaptive tests of Bartroff and Lai (2008) do not require such assumptions as they consider the estimated alternative at the end of the first stage.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4983, "input_1": "To analyze the stability of such a multi-agent system, there are many possible approaches, such as the frequency domain approach (Olfati-Saber & Murray, 2004), the Lyapunov-based approach (Chopra & Spong, 2006; Hong et al., 2008; Lin et al., 2008; Liu & Passino, 2006; Olfati-Saber & Murray, 2004;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4984, "input_1": "In this article, we report absolute measurements of the optical coefficients of two-layered media that expand on our previous work on multi-distance absolute measurements on tissue-like phantoms [66], animal brain [35,51], and human brain [37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4985, "input_1": "Transient expression of antibody fragments in tobacco leaves The system for transient expression in tobacco was based on MagnICON‚Ñ¢ vectors from Icon Genetics GmbH (Halle, Germany) [60,61].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4986, "input_1": "These observations confirm previous results from our team [53] who reported that an early reduction of CgA levels within 3 months from treatment (either surgical or systemic) can anticipate favourable prognosis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4987, "input_1": "GFP fluorescence of COS7 cells expressing GFP-COQ7 and the deletion mutants GFPCOQ7(11-217), lacking amino acids 1-10, and GFP-COQ7(30-217), lacking amino acids 1-29.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4988, "input_1": "Some investigations did not find any association of statin use with anti-cancer effects on bladder cancer, while others suggested that statins increase the risk of bladder cancer [10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4989, "input_1": "…traditionally put forward as a major biological factor facilitating herbivory and frugivory in lizards (see Schoener et al. 1982; Van Damme 1999; Cooper and Vitt 2002), a recent review of frugivory and seed dispersal by lizards suggested that frugivory should be considered an island phenomenon,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4990, "input_1": "Aedes aegypti is a poikilothermic species; therefore, changes in response to environmental factors such as humidity, temperature and rainfall can affect the genetic structure of its populations [52,53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4991, "input_1": "By contrast, 3H-forskolin, which labels the G,-adenylate cyclase complex (Seamon et al., 1984), shows pronounced density in the molecular layer of the cerebellum without labeling the deep nuclei (Worley et al., 1986b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4992, "input_1": "Prothrombotic disorders were present in 11 children: antiphospholipid antibodies (n=5) [21, 31, 32, 36]; combined protein S deficiency and antiphospholipid antibodies (n=2) [36]; protein S deficiency (n=2) [16, 22]; protein C deficiency (n=1) [42]; heterozygote APC resistance (n=1) [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4993, "input_1": "Additionally, PTM sites possessing protein structures with modified residues were obtained from annotations on the PTM-SD database [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4994, "input_1": "Montreal WiFi Network: A co-location network for N = 103,425 users (nodes) of the Île Sans Fil free public wireless network in Montreal, Canada, where edges represent concurrent hotspot usage [56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4995, "input_1": "These genes were further filtered through phylogenetic analysis alongwith previously known CSL proteins from Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, maize, and rice, which reflected some non-targeted genes that were removed from further analysis [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4996, "input_1": "Members of this family are present in animals from cnidarians to mammals and contain at least one cysteine-rich CABIT domain and a low-complexity proline-rich stretch (Chung et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 4997, "input_1": "This model is derived from the results obtained in [34], where the authors evaluate the rate-distortion curve for thousands of time series from real datasets that are compressed with lightweight algorithms typically adopted by resource-constrained sensors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 4998, "input_1": "A comparison between the findings of Krajcarski et al. (1999) and the rested values in the present study revealed similar effects of pre- load and added load on peak trunk flexion and extensor moments. The EMG activity of the trunk extensor muscles (TES and LES) had similar responses to the loading conditions, although the pre-trial LES and TES EMG amplitudes from Krajcarski et al. (1999) were about 6 to 13 %MVC larger than was found in the current study. Also, the peak muscle activity of the TES was about 10 %MVC lower and the IO and EO had larger EMG amplitudes during the pre-trial and trial in the Krajcarski et al. (1999) study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 4999, "input_1": "…semi- or\nnonparametric frontier models have been developed (e.g., Simar, 1992; Park and Simar, 1994; Fan et al., 1996; Kneip and Simar, 1996; Park et al., 1998, 2003, 2006; Post et al., 2002; Griffin and Steel, 2004; Henderson and Simar, 2005; Kuosmanen et al., 2007; and Kumbhakar et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5000, "input_1": "We include treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and thiazide diuretic for those without CVD or cerebrovascular disease history, while including beta-blockers for those with such a history, as per WHO guidelines further detailed in Text S1 [16,25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5001, "input_1": "Most algorithms proposed for mining closed patterns require all candidates found so far to be kept in memory to avoid duplicates [9, 11, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5002, "input_1": "Moreover HDAC1 is not crucial for enzymatic function of HDAC2 in embryonic stem cells, however overexpression of HDAC2 cannot compensate for the loss of HDAC1 (Lagger et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5003, "input_1": "Going beyond a linear predictor, we used two implementations of SVMs, SVM-light [36] and Partek (Partek Software, http://www.partek.com), and examined radial, polynomial, and sigmoid kernels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5004, "input_1": "In addition, previous studies have shown that myocardial scar size and characteristics predict spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in patients with an ischemic cardiomyopathy [25–28] which can result in worse survival independent of LV functional improvement.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5005, "input_1": "This increase activates the Na/Ca exchanger, which leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5006, "input_1": "Also, a recent study suggested that retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may be increased due to INDO [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5007, "input_1": "We expected partners with a lower level of education to be more vulnerable to high distress [13] and partners’ level of distress in the long term to influence that of the patients [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5008, "input_1": "Finding a serum -hCG level greater than the discriminatory zone, in combination with an indeterminate ultrasonography, has been shown to be associated with ectopic pregnancy.(8,9) Typical transvaginal discriminatory zone values in the literature range from 1,500 to 3,000 mIU/mL and have largely been developed according to radiology-performed ultrasonography in outpatients,(10) with intrauterine pregnancy defined as the visualization of a gestational sac.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5009, "input_1": "Excess glutamate and excitotoxicity also contributes to epilepsy (Meldrum, 1994), and causes seizures in animal models.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5010, "input_1": "Fractions 1, 2 and 3 were identified to contain different proteases, while fraction 4 showed four main peaks PhTx1, PhTx2, PhTx3 and PhTx4, containing polypeptides and enhancing different toxicological effects [19,20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5011, "input_1": "PerRBS regulon genes includes katA, ahpCF, hemAXCDBL, mrgA, pfeT (formerly zosA), fur, and perR (Fuangthong et al., 2002; Guan et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5012, "input_1": "Immunoaffinity purification of TLA. mAb G19 recognizes an extracellular epitope associated with the tip link (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5013, "input_1": "Recent advanced templatebased approach (17) and new approaches with R2* to HU conversion (41) and zero-echotime (42) show similar results to our approach and/or great potential for further improvement of MR-AC.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5014, "input_1": "…one another in many acoustic features, such as Voice Onset Time (VOT), fundamental frequency, and the amplitude difference between the first harmonic and the second one (Cho et al. 2002, Han and Weitzman 1970, Kang 2014, Lisker and Abramson 1964, Oh 2011, Silva 2006, Wright 2007, among others).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5015, "input_1": "The RDCs have been successfully applied in the refinement of protein structures (Stauffer et al. 2002), nucleic acids (McCallum and Pardi 2003) and protein– RNA complexes (Bayer et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5016, "input_1": "As anticipated, FLNA(16-23) did not affect β-arr2 interaction with ICL3ΔCt (Figure 7B), but partially inhibited β-arr2 binding to ICL3 (Figure 7C); we were unable to saturate ICL3 at the FLNA(16-23) concentration used (400 nM), which might explain this partial inhibition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5017, "input_1": "A number of studies, using closed DNA minicircles or plasmids that lack free ends, have shown that Ku also exhibits sequence-specific DNA binding to regulatory DNA elements effecting gene transcription and DNA replication [13, 54].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5018, "input_1": "We shall compare our iterative process with the algorithm [25] to help understanding our extended version.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5019, "input_1": "If too many side-effects are found with currently available hypnotics, it will be of interest to determine whether newer genetic methods for enhancing sleep in rodents can reverse/attenuate or slow-down Alzheimer's pathology in rodent models (Jego et al., 2013; Konadhode et al., 2013; Anaclet et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5020, "input_1": "Using this KO model, DRA was found to contribute significantly to transcellular oxalate absorption, accounting for 42, 57 and 41% of J ms across the distal ileum, cecum and distal colon, respectively [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5021, "input_1": "Prdm1 (encoding Blimp-1) has known roles in effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cell differentiation (Rutishauser et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2009; Johnston et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5022, "input_1": "Intriguingly, using MPRs-deficient MEF cells, mouse and human CLN5 have been shown to reach lysosomes in an MPRindependent manner [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5023, "input_1": "This area has been the subject of a great deal of recent interest [1, 7, 11, 14, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5024, "input_1": "In other words, the selectively bred animals would mainly differ in trait anxiety, which is an enduring feature of an individual and, consequently, does not vary from moment to moment, in contrast to state anxiety, which is provoked by an anxiogenic stimulus and only experienced at a particular moment in time (Belzung & Griebel, 2001; Lister, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5025, "input_1": "Hearts were excised and perfused retrograde via the aorta with modified Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) buffer oxygenated with 95% O2-5% CO2 as previously described (12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5026, "input_1": "Buccal swabs from 379 IWHs were taken using Isohelix DNA Buccal Swabs (Cell Projects Ltd. UK).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5027, "input_1": "As reported in a previous study (18), Dox-induced myocardial accumulation of LC3 and p62 proteins indicates a possible impairment of autophagic degradation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5028, "input_1": "It was suggested that the enhanced sympathetic nervous system resulting from a low protein diet increased cell proliferation and enhanced gastric carcinogenesis [77].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5029, "input_1": "Additionally, several authors have reported cases where prolactin secreting adenomas either came to diagnosis or increased in size after exogenous estrogen administration or during pregnancy [4,5,7,8,9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5030, "input_1": "Although phase 1 frequency decays rapidly and substantially, generating a wide range of instantaneous frequencies in a short period (Krans and Chapple 2005), the CoV was still less than those computed for phase 2 and 3 distributions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5031, "input_1": "It is well known that dexketoprofen acts principally through inhibiting COX-1 [15], and meloxicam is a selective and specific COX-2 inhibitor [4, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5032, "input_1": "To confirm these findings and explore which stage of the S-phase checkpoint pathway is defective in ctf18–2A cells, we examined the Mec1-dependent phosphorylation of the CMG helicase (42).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5033, "input_1": "However, two other groups found that excitatory transmission was depressed only in wildtype mice (Kawamura et al., 2006; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5034, "input_1": "…cocaine seeking is at peak levels between WD30 and WD90 and is\naccompanied by increased BDNF levels, incubation of sucrose seeking in rats is much less persistent, returning to basal levels by WD90, and is not associated with increased BDNF levels in the NAc (Grimm et al., 2003; Lu et al., 2004c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5035, "input_1": "For example, the maximum total cardiac output at 23 ˚C in Reeves’s study was around 30–40 ml min21 kg21, a value considerably lower than that reported by Shelton and Burggren (1976).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5036, "input_1": "This pattern of crypt hyperplastic enteropathy also characterizes many infective states [21, 22], but in our Zambian population villous height and crypt depth are positively correlated [18], as occurs during starvation [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5037, "input_1": "…even after the sensory input has been restored with CI technology, CI users show higher cross-modal activation in both visual and auditory cortex compared to normal hearing (NH) controls (Chen et al., 2016; Giraud et al., 2001a; Giraud et al., 2001b; Sandmann et al., 2012; Stropahl et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5038, "input_1": "We also calculated home range fidelity, defined as the percentage of the total accumulated home range used during each year or study period (Laver and Kelly 2008; Börger et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5039, "input_1": "Results can be returned in various forms, including the SZS-compliant result status used in the CASC [27, 36] competition for automated theorem provers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5040, "input_1": "Regardless of these differences, the results from both studies that used sites located in the 2004/2005 Alaska fire events were substantially different from previous findings from research in Canada, where the residual organic layers under trees were substantially shallower than the organic layers from across the plot (Miyanishi and Johnson, 2002; Greene et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5041, "input_1": "IF cells were lysed in lysis buffer (Iwatani et al., 2005) at 55 1C overnight, and the genomic DNA was extracted using the standard method of phenol-chloroform extraction.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5042, "input_1": "It also extends the number of dendrophylliid corals known from the Azores to eight (Braga-Henriques et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5043, "input_1": "Model calculations overpredicted the OH concentrations (Mao et al., 2009), particularly at altitudes less than 2 km, but found the overprediction to correlate with HCHO concentrations, indicating missing reactive VOCs in the model (Mao et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5044, "input_1": "The concerns around these have therefore not been about being medically unsafe, but about their marketing potentially overstating product effectiveness and exploiting existing sociocultural biases (Karnani, 2007; Agarwal and Roy, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5045, "input_1": "of the mice (n = 89) that were phenotyped for innominate artery atherosclerosis, an artery that recapitulates human atherosclerosis [40].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5046, "input_1": "The randomized response technique for polling was first introduced in 1965 [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5047, "input_1": "…previously identified POR genes, AtPORC is not expressed so strong in early seedling development, but its transcript levels increase in etiolated seedlings by illumination and are predominantly detectable in older seedlings and adult plants (Oosawa et al. 2000; Su et al. 2001; Frick et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5048, "input_1": "Moreover, increasing number of studies has been carried out with multi-channel measurements with an aim to analyze the characteristics with respect to different auscultation locations simultaneously [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5049, "input_1": "Parallelization with GNU parallel\n To get the subset of results related to the e-commerce packages of interest, we merged the top 40 list provided by Robertshaw, the top ten of builtwith.comand the leading systemsfrom the Gartner and Forresterreports, as already mentioned.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5050, "input_1": "PS36 was used previously in a P. sojae genetic population study (Dorrance and Grünwald 2009), and P74-75 amplified interspecific polymorphic bands of P. sojae, P. rubi, and P. europea (Schena et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5051, "input_1": "Previous studies have demonstrated that ixazomib has a shorter proteasome dissociation half-life, a larger blood volume distribution at a steady state, and a greater and more constant biodistribution than bortezomib [4, 14, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5052, "input_1": "Under mild regularity conditions on the densities (see Hyvärinen, 2005; Sriperumbudur et al., 2017, and below), the score can be rewritten\nJ(p0||pT ) =E [ d∑\ni=1 ∂2i Tx(y) +\n1 2(∂iTx(y))\n2 ]\n+E [ d∑\ni=1 ∂iTx(y)∂i log q0(y)\n] + J(p0||q0)\nwhere J(p0||q0) is a constant term for the optimization…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5053, "input_1": "Sustained interest exists to numerically model electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by radiators embedded within planar-layered media of diverse anisotropy and loss [1]–[3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5054, "input_1": "…bird species), it is males that suffer from higher mortality when the parental effort is increased; this may be because males tend to adjust their investment according to brood size while females are working on their maximum level irrespective of the current brood size (Santos and Nakagawa 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5055, "input_1": "No, or very few, UB-IG have been found in the mouse (Grozdanovic et al. 1992) and rat (Gabella and Uvelius 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5056, "input_1": "In [12] the authors give upper and lower bound of the message delivery delay in multi-copy message routing scheme.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5057, "input_1": "These results are in accord with a general model for deuteromycete fungal isolate comparisons described by Maurer et al (125); both MetarhiziumandBeauveria are generalist fungal genera, which sometimes specialize on insects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5058, "input_1": "The free cytosolic ADP concentration ([ADP]) was calculated according to the method previously described by Kemp and coworkers (33), assuming that PCr represents 85% of the total creatine content (Cr PCr) (7):", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5059, "input_1": "For example, in the liver, pancreas, lung, and intestine, Sox9-positive cells can generate new daughter cells and differentiate into functional cells in damaged organs (Antoniou et al., 2009; Reginensi et al., 2011; Seymour et al., 2007; Turcatel et al., 2013; Vidal et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5060, "input_1": "Until now, research has mainly focused on the biological activities of chemicals extracted from the seeds and roots of J. mandshurica (Lee et al., 2000; Li et al., 2003a, 2003b; Min et al., 2002; Kim et al., 1998; Sugie et al., 1998), with few reports on the bioactive chemicals from the leaves.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5061, "input_1": "Therefore, we adopted ClinVar [50] to map all the HPO terms to UMLS, and utilized SIDD [51] to map all the disease names in DO to MeSH ID, provided that there are direct mappings between MeSH ID and UMLS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5062, "input_1": "Increased tract size may be selectively favoured to grant females greater control over fertilization under sperm competition (Birkhead 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5063, "input_1": "The results for veridical recall replicated previous results in the literature (Bal-\nlardini et al., 2008; McDermott & Watson, 2001), with the average recall of studied words increas-\ning monotonically as SOA increased.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5064, "input_1": "Our results are consistent with several studies that have found increases in soil C following conversion of forest to other land uses, primarily pasture (Lugo and Brown, 1993; Fisher et al., 1994; Neill et al., 1997b) and contrast with studies that have found decreases in soil C following conversion (Veldkamp, 1994; Van Dam et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5065, "input_1": "This is supported by evidence that the degree of locomotion following administration of rewarding drugs correlates with extracellular DA levels in Nac (Miczek et al., 2011, Shimamoto et al., 2011, Valenti et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5066, "input_1": "Further complicating the issue, social desirability, varied interpretations of questions, and problems in recall can impede accurate measurements of risky sexual behavior (Brewer, Garrett, & Kulasingam, 1999; Brody, 1995; Schroder et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5067, "input_1": "…we recently demonstrated the important role of another 89-kDa periplasmic protein localized in the invasion tip during bacterial escape from the host digestive vacuole, migration through the host cytoplasm towards the target nucleus, and invasion into the macronucleus (Iwatani et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5068, "input_1": "Dynamic strain measurement in distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) is essential for structural health monitoring (SHM) of the strain changes induced by aging material and seismic or man-made activities [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5069, "input_1": "Giles (2005) found almost 14,000 citations in WoS for a paper in Science by Saiki et al. (1988) on the polymerase chain reaction, identifying it as the most highly cited paper ever to appear in that journal, whereas GS returned just under 3000 citations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5070, "input_1": "It is the P450’s unique capacity to selectively oxygenate inactive carbons that provides biosynthesis with its competitive advantage over traditional chemical approaches (20, 21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5071, "input_1": "In accordance to these results, recent work from our laboratory has shown decreased pulmonary expression of PPARc and BMPR2 signalling in the vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH lungs on day 21 [6, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5072, "input_1": "To examine whether these signaling pathways were involved in lung tumor exosome-mediated adipogenic inhibition of hAD-MSCs, we blocked these signaling with respective pathway inhibitor SB431542 [18], SP600125 [19], LY294002 [20], U0126 [21], and SB203580 [19] followed by tumor exosome treatment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5073, "input_1": "Buck, unpublished observations), nitric oxide synthase expression and activity resulting in the synthesis of NO, which interacts with superoxide to generate peroxynitrite (33, 48), a compound highly reactive with sulfur-containing amino acids, such as Cys (12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5074, "input_1": "The present study findings concur with previous reports in that when bone defects occur they are commonly on the tibial side (3,11,22,24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5075, "input_1": "To ensure the quality of our implementation, we consulted the author and obtained comparable results when our implemented algorithm was tested under similar conditions as in [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5076, "input_1": "…difference between aspirated and lenis is merging for younger speakers, resulting in a two-way VOT contrast: aspirated & lenis (long VOT) vs. tense (short VOT) (Choi 2002, Kang and Guion 2008, Kang 2014, Kim 2000, Kim 2004, Kong et al. 2011, Lee and Jongman 2012, Oh 2011, Silva 2006, Wright 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5077, "input_1": "The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve shows the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity as one changes the cut-off values for positivity.(9,10) The sensitivity versus 1-specificity plot in ROC space is called ROC curve.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5078, "input_1": "Because there was no rat ATP5G3 cDNA sequence available in GenBank databases, for ATP5G3 coding sequence information, the rat pancreatic cDNA library was screened via PCR with ATP5G3 gene-specific primers (Table 1) that were designed based on the human ATP5G3 cDNA sequence (U09813) (50).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5079, "input_1": "Previously, we reported the occurrence of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase in A.tumefaciens IAM12048\n(Yoshida et al. 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5080, "input_1": "While much is known about the sympathetic regulation of cardiac function in health and disease, less interest has been paid to the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system [66].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5081, "input_1": "Sequences include those for AcMNPV (7), Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV) (3), BmNPV (25), LdMNPV (40), SeMNPV (37), XcGV (30), PxGV (28), HaSNPV G4 (13), Helicoverpa armigera NPV (HaNPV) (GenBank accession number NC_003094), SpltMNPV (50), CpGV (46), CuniNPV (2), E.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5082, "input_1": "Even though chyle has been defined as a noninflammatory fluid, inflammation is part of themechanism responsible for the presence of this type of fluid in pleural and peritoneal cavities as in other forms of serositis associated in SLE [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5083, "input_1": "An alternate theory suggests the formation of free radicals by incident laser energy and light absorption by fungal pigment xanthomegnin, present in high concentration in Trichophyton rubrum [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5084, "input_1": "In long-term experiments, as those for investigating the apoptotic effect of arachidonic acid, a complete cultivation medium was required to ensure optimal growth conditions (Dymkowska et al.,\n2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5085, "input_1": "Human serum may be used as a substrate for ESC culture (Xu et al., 2001; Amit et al., 2004; Beattie et al., 2005; Stojkovic et al., 2005a; Fletcher et al., 2006; Braam et al., 2008; Miyazaki et al., 2008; Baxter et al., 2009; Valamehr et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5086, "input_1": "Letters have a broad spatial frequency spectrum, but the most important frequency of a letter is thought to be :2 cycles per letter width [16,17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5087, "input_1": "At the level of strategical planning, both Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Deutsche Bahn AG use software which is based on the PESP-model ([19, 11]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5088, "input_1": "Antibodies for immunohistochemistry were: anti-FSP1 rabbit polyclonal antibody, 1:1,000 (7, 8); FITC- or P6-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Vector Laboratories Inc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5089, "input_1": "…of three transcription factors that regulate expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and glucose metabolism (Jeon and Osborne, 2012; Raghow et al., 2008), and Srebp1/2 are known to interact with Hmgb1/2; their activity has been reported to be enhanced by Hmgb1 (Najima et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5090, "input_1": "The contradictory findings that human p60 binds stably to microtubules in vitro but never co-localizes with microtubules in vivo (McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggested that katanin might interact transiently with microtubules in vivo.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5091, "input_1": "…the mouse heart was lost after ADX (Oishi et al., 2006) and the circadian expression of heart mPai-1 was completely abolished in Clockmutant mice (Minami et al., 2002; Oishi et al., 2005a), these results suggest that the distal mPai-1 E-box identified here is a target for GC action and may…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5092, "input_1": "We used xtcsd routine in STATA, developed by De Hoyos and Sarafidis (2006) to check such assumptions in STATA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5093, "input_1": "Murray [3] used gait to classify the pathologically abnormal patients into different group for appropriate treatment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5094, "input_1": "This result supports the hypothesis of a stronger role for BDNF during childhood when, in addition to the presence of lower BDNF levels (Casey et al., 2009), neuronal networks dependent of neural plasticity (Angelucci et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5095, "input_1": "…skeletal muscle lipid esters have been shown to be related to variations in insulin sensitivity (16:0, 16:1, 18:2 n-6, 20:3 n-6, 20:4 n-6 and SFA) (Salomaa et al., 1990; Borkman et al., 1993; Vessby et al., 1994, 2002; Pan et al., 1995; Lovejoy et al., 2001; Pelikanova et al., 2001; Vessby, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5096, "input_1": "Recent advances in biliary drainage techniques have dramatically improved the mortality rate from [40% before the 1970s [7–9] to the more recent rate of \\20% [10, 11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5097, "input_1": "There are several advanced statistical sampling techniques, such as the repeated runs and batch means methods [11], whereby point-estimate predictions are possible using only a few (about 30 [12, 11]) i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5098, "input_1": "The accuracy of predictions is measured in average precision (AP; equivalently, the area under the precision-recall curve) evaluated based on Sym criteria adopted from [5]: Based on Sym, a hypothesis is accepted (considered as a true positive) if the distance to ground-truth is smaller than 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5099, "input_1": "In a study in Vancouver, Brauer et al. (2008) found significant negative associations\nbetween NO2 exposure and fetal growth when they used an AQMS-based approach, but no association when they used a LUR model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5100, "input_1": "have been proposed as potential alternatives to the Turing Test, specifically targeting its potential weaknesses and inadequacy [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5101, "input_1": "PBN is widely used for ROS scavenging, and most importantly, has been shown to reverse the age-related oxidative changes and to reduce oxidative damage from ischemia/reperfusion injury.(40-44) The antioxidant activity of PBN protects biologically important molecules from oxidative damage.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5102, "input_1": "Western blot analysis was performed as described (20, 24), using 10 mg of protein per lane.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5103, "input_1": "(Chen et al., 2009; de Bruijn et al., 2002; Sugiyama et al., 2003; Zovein et al., 2008) species indicate that IAHCs derive from hemogenic ECs through an Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition (EHT).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5104, "input_1": "More details about the acquisition protocol can be found in Ferizi et al. (2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5105, "input_1": "The identification of a single chicken 50-RACE product contrasts with our previous identification of four different noncoding exons by 50 RACE of human and mouse transcripts (Drews et al. 2005), and suggests that mammalian exon 1c represents the ancestral exon.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5106, "input_1": "associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and in particular the intestinal immune system, develops immune tolerance to dietary antigens and components of the bacterial Xora to which epithelial tissues are exposed constantly (Dubois et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5107, "input_1": "PKBR1, however, also becomes activated upon cAMP stimulation by phosphorylation in both the AL site by PdkA and in the HM site by TorC2 (Kamimura et al., 2008, 2010; Cai et al., 2010; Liao et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5108, "input_1": "Because the degree of reorientation depends on the z position within the liquid crystal layer, the total phase delay G generated by a cell of thickness d results from the following integration (27, 28):", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5109, "input_1": "…on school nurses (n = 167) and their preparedness to teach within the context of sexual health care revealed that although over 75% of the participants were involved in the provision of sex education, over half expressed the need for further development and education in this area (McFayden 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5110, "input_1": "Importantly, brain atrophy measures based on T1w images are shown to correlate with the amount of tau deposition and neuropsychological deficits, thus validating its use as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Frisoni et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5111, "input_1": "This is consistent with the absence of a θ-globin gene from the region between platypus α1- and ω-globin, its expected location based on its position in marsupial αglobin clusters [12,56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5112, "input_1": "We compare KCDML not only with the state-of-art methods including our current work—CDML [38], Huang's method [43] and PCA combined with RBF (PCA-RBF) [43], but also with important baseline methods, such as PCA Kernel PCA (KPCA), LPP, Kernel LPP (KLPP) [44] and LDA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5113, "input_1": "Eyelid suture, on the other hand, produces a novel pattern of thin dark columns alternating with wide pale columns (Horton, 1984; Hendry and Jones, 1986; Crawford et al., 1989; Trusk et al., 1990, Tigges et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5114, "input_1": "In vivo, 8 bp sequences have ∼100 accidental matches within a bacterial genome (20); however, almost no 20 bp sequence has an accidental match.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5115, "input_1": "Syllables with a voiced onset developed a low tone, and those with a voiceless initial induced a high tone, resulting in a six-way tonal contrast (2 pitch heights x 3 contours).1\n(Kang 2014, Kim 2000, Oh 2011, Silva 2006, Wright 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5116, "input_1": "Previously, verbal autopsy in Ethiopia has been used to estimate HIV/AIDS and Malaria caused mortality and to evaluate the impact of AntiRetroviral Therapy (ART) interventions [11,12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5117, "input_1": "…and provides significant gains even in the NIST data setting, showing that this method can be effectively applied directly on the sentence level to large training\n5An avenue of future work would condition the sentence topic distribution on a document distribution over topics (Teh et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5118, "input_1": "Under the notation in equation (13), the good-deal bounds are a coherent risk measure of Artzner et al. (1999), which searches for the infimum of all risk measures over an acceptance set. Delbaen (2002) further shows that any coherent risk measure can be expressed as a worst expected loss over a given set of probabilities and Jaschke and Küchler (2001) link the good-deal bounds to coherent risk measures by showing that the good-deal bounds are coherent valuation bounds.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5119, "input_1": "This rhythm is present in ovigerous blue crabs during all stages of egg development, in many crabs between clutches of eggs and continues as crabs cycle through successive clutches (Hench et al. 2004; Forward et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5120, "input_1": "biofuel production is in the form of ethanol derived from starch- or grain-based feedstocks, with over 90% of the biofuels produced and used domestically coming from corn (Groom et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5121, "input_1": "…virulence and colonization factor of C. jejuni for promoting infections in humans and chickens is a flagellum located at one or both poles of the bacterium that promotes motility (Black et al., 1988; Nachamkin et al., 1993; Wassenaar et al., 1993; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004; Wösten et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5122, "input_1": "Patients at an increased risk of developing T2DM may therefore benefit from such early meaningful interventions- especially since these patients benefit more from treatments which reduce the risk of CAD [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5123, "input_1": "CDKs are core components of the cell cycle machinery and the vital regulators driving cell cycle progression (Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Olashaw and Pledger, 2002; Chulu and Liu, 2009; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5124, "input_1": "However, in humans, MMA and DMA are the most relevant metabolites (Cohen et al., 2006; Tapio and Grosche, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5125, "input_1": "Similar observations have been made in the USA, where gonorrhoea and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been shown in multiple studies to be concentrated in certain geographical areas (Rothenberg 1983; Potterat et al. 1985; Bernstein et al. 2004; Kerani et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5126, "input_1": "The electrostatic surface representations of the CRV-ZWE-157 protein structure and the DRBP template were produced by the Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) plugin [43] in PyMOL [44]\nList of Abbreviations aa: amino acid; APBS: Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver; BLASTp: Basic local alignment search tool protein; CRV: Crocodilepox virus; CRV-ZWE: Crocodilepox virus strain Zimbabwe; DGCR8: DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8; DRBP: double-stranded RNA-binding proteins; dsRNA: doublestranded RNA; KSDSSP: Kabsch and Sander algorithm for defining the secondary structure of proteins; MCV: Molluscum contagiosum virus; MSA: Multiple sequence alignments; MUSCLE: multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation; NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information; PSIBLAST: Position specific iterated-BLAST; RMSD: Root mean square deviation; RNAi: RNA interference; TRBP: TAR RNA Binding Protein; VACV: Vaccinia virus; VBRC: Viral bioinformatics resource center; VOCs: Viral Orthologous Clusters\nAcknowledgements This work was funded by a Canadian NSERC Discovery grant.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5127, "input_1": "Methylation-Specific AFLP We employed a methylation-specific AFLP analysis that has been commonly used to survey patterns of methylation in a range of non-model species (Salmon et al., 2008; Herrera and Bazaga, 2010; Lira-Medeiros et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5128, "input_1": "Risk factors for CVD are more prevalent among PLWH [2], and use of various antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of CVD [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5129, "input_1": "Induction of specific genes by shear stress in endothelial cells is mediated by activation of mechanosensitive signaling pathways that include at least three members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and Big MAP kinase 1 (11, 14, 15, 22, 38, 44).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5130, "input_1": "This study adds new knowledge of two distal factors, neighborhood affluence and disadvantage, in the social environment that may, in the future, be confirmed as underlying causes (Link & Phelan, 1995) of poor birth outcomes and risky maternal pre-\nnatal health behaviors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5131, "input_1": "Because controlling for extraneous variables is not possible in studies with only one group, these are susceptible to confounding and tend to exaggerate the beneficial effects of interventions [58].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5132, "input_1": "The patients’ paroxetine plasma concentrations at week 6 were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed in our laboratory [51,52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5133, "input_1": "…1964) and increases with age in in neurological diseases whereas others found it in non-complex sphingolipids as well but with a 50:50 ratio (Rosenberg & Stern 1966, Schwarz et al. 1967) for both chain lengths or even a much lower\nA cc\nep te\nd A\nrt ic\nle\nThis article is protected by…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5134, "input_1": "The skull region was removed from images using the FSL-Brain Extract Tool (Smith, 2002), and two-class segmentation of the whole brain was performed, into cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using the FSL-FAST segmentation algorithm after correction for image non-uniformity (Zhang et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5135, "input_1": "…are involved in many functional aspects of the cellular physiology, such as protein misfolding (HSPB1, HSPB8), axonal transport (HSPB1; dynactin subunit 1, DNCT1) and RNA metabolism (senataxin, SETX; glycyl tRNA syntetase, GARS) (see Rossor et al., 2012 for a detailed review on dHMN-related genes).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5136, "input_1": "This contradicts to existing methods [21, 27] which limit the attention to the subgraph induced by the infected nodes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5137, "input_1": "Many scholars question whether or not firms could self-regulate and be socially\nresponsible on their own, and consider policy intervention a more effective solution (Chatterji and Listokin, 2007; Fleming and Jones, 2013; Karnani, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5138, "input_1": "These results are in accordance with the ones previously reported by Al-Moslih and Al-Huraibi [22] from Yamen, where the majority of the reported cases were chronic and the number of acute cases was 19.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5139, "input_1": "FDB nerve-muscle preparations were dissected and maintained in equilibrated MPS until used for electrophysiological analysis as described above, and previously (Gillingwater et al., 2002; Ribchester et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5140, "input_1": "de quadratic measure of dependency QR [15] in general produce scores that are not comparable across subspaces of different dimensionality.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5141, "input_1": "Therefore, the spectral data is widely used in material identification, biological sciences, criminal investigation, environmental monitoring and many other fields [6, 11, 12, 16, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5142, "input_1": "Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD; OMIM 136800) is a slowly progressive late-onset disorder that is a leading indication for corneal transplantation in the United States [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5143, "input_1": "However, in the case of RCG-dominated wetlands, Askaer et al. (2011) found that the diurnal variability of CH4 fluxes was not significant in spite of a significant share of plant-mediated CH4 transport.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5144, "input_1": ", 2000) (serine 102/glutamine 103), which corresponds to the serine 88/glutamine 89 of HMGA1, phosphorylated by ATM (Pentimalli et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5145, "input_1": "…G19 directed against the TLA from chicken inner ear hair cells, mAb D10 directed against the avian hair-cell antigen, and antisera to protocadherin-15-CD1 (PB303) were characterized and validated as reported previously (Richardson et al., 1990; Ahmed et al., 2003; Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5146, "input_1": "418f), Abeler et al. (2010) provide controlled evidence in favor of this intuition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5147, "input_1": "The presence of multiple structural suites with unique characteristic wavelengths was interpreted to indicate a progressive thickening\nof the layer with continued cooling [e.g., Hansen and Willis, 1998; Ghent and Hansen, 1999; Hansen et al., 2000].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5148, "input_1": "The modulation of Notch levels in LSC/CSC derived from Tax-transgenic mice suggests that Notch may contribute in the development of ATLL similar to its role in other T-cell malignancies such as T-ALL [133,134].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5149, "input_1": "[20] estimate that over the course of a year a victimized child suffers a mean number of three different kinds of victimization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5150, "input_1": "Several reports showed that TRPA1 antagonists, such as ruthenium red, HC-030031, AMG5445, A967079 and camphor, possess analgesic properties [26-31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5151, "input_1": "distances were calculated between all population pairs considering the likely routes of human migration out of Africa, following the criteria set by Ramachandran et al. (2005). The test was performed with the software Passage version 2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5152, "input_1": "Up to 40% of A-T patients develop malignant disease over the course of their lives [1,8,9] and 10–15% of them develop a lymphoid malignancy (leukemia or lymphoma) in childhood or early adulthood [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5153, "input_1": "In this case, FLNA(16-23) showed more rapid association and slower dissociation rates to the β-arr2/ICL3 complex than to ICL3 alone (Figure 7D), suggesting that the FLNA fragment interacts with β-arr2 rather than with ICL3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5154, "input_1": "…message-passing (Wainwright et al., 2005b)\n• Fractional belief propagation (Wiegerinck & Heskes, 2002)\n• Power EP (Minka, 2004)\nOne way to understand these algorithms is to view their cost functions as free-energy functions from statistical physics (Yedidia et al., 2004; Heskes, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5155, "input_1": "Ishizawa [71] 1 First laparoscopic experience with NIRF-C during cholecystectomy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5156, "input_1": "…microbial traits (Martiny et al., 2006; Green et al., 2008), competitive species interactions are argued to be important drivers of antibiotic inhibition, resistance, and resource use among Streptomyces (Wiener et al., 1998; Davelos et al., 2004a; Schlatter et al., 2013; Kinkel et al, accepted).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5157, "input_1": "Comparison of relative testes size across 24 lemur species revealed that fork-marked lemurs had small testes, as did all pair-living species in this sample and as do pair-living primates in general (Harcourt et al. 1981; Harvey and Harcourt 1984; Kappeler 1997a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5158, "input_1": "Among the recently introduced approaches, the impressive learning estimation and modeling capabilities least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) makes then a suitable choice for system identification applications [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5159, "input_1": "…forms (as sulfate or glucuronide) in the urine (Azouz et al. 1955; Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997; Bomhard et al. 1998) and to some extent in the feces (Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5160, "input_1": "…characterized by a mono-exponential function following steady-state exercise at “moderate” and “heavy” exercise intensities (Ozyener et al. 2001; rossiter et al. 2002). the starting point of the curve was made to equal the average VO2 over the final 3 min of exercise to minimize the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5161, "input_1": "Some researchers have explored audio skimming techniques [Arons, 1993], but not for the particular case of primarily backward skimming that would dominate a near-term reminder application like PAL.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5162, "input_1": "Neurabin I has been shown to be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase A (PKA), which decreases its binding to PP1c (33).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5163, "input_1": "First of all, the percentage of parents’ positive attitudes towards vaccinations was exceptionally high compared with other similar studies [7-9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5164, "input_1": "2B, D) resembled those due to loss of other STAT negative regulators (Silver et al., 2005; Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011; Montell et al., 2012; Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013), but looked different from the phenotypes caused by misregulation of EGF or PDGF/ VEGF signaling (Duchek and Rørth, 2001; Duchek et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5165, "input_1": "In consistent with these results, the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in rat liver (Fetoui et al., 2009), in rat kidney (Fetoui et al., 2010) and in fish liver (Oreochromis niloticus) (Piner and √úner, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5166, "input_1": "In fact, some scholars have considered young people’s conviction that they can resolve their mental health problems on their own to be a barrier to seeking professional help [13,30,31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5167, "input_1": "Studies conducted at finer scales could help to elucidate the relative importance of these relationships in our study area, because other finer-scale studies have shown that elk group size directly responds to variation in predation risk from wolves (Creel & Winnie 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5168, "input_1": "For example, Dearman and Pierce [1] found that users might benefit from sharing web browser state between users‟ devices; our data can help suggest how and when this state might be shared when one of the devices in question is a mobile phone.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5169, "input_1": "When applying linear models to binary data, the predictions generated may not lie within a plausible range (\\0 or [1) (McDonald 1999; Sharp et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5170, "input_1": "Human CD4+Foxp3+ T cells are phenotypically heterogeneous and include the CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ T cell subtypes [22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5171, "input_1": "All stimuli were presented using Psychophysics Toolbox [46] running under Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA) on an Apple Macbook Pro.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5172, "input_1": "performed as described previously [38] from wild-type (WT) animals with anti-NG2 beads from the same vendor according to the Miltenyi protocol.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5173, "input_1": "Recent dictionary learning methods achieve the discrimination by either enforcing structural constraints on the dictionary or imposing class separation criterion in the sparse coding formulation [27, 26, 23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5174, "input_1": "Some previous studies reported temporal and spatial variations of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants in China (Chai et al., 2014; Chen and Xie, 2014; Han et al., 2009; Johansson et al., 2007; Karar et al., 2006; Lewne et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Martini et al., 2015; Meng et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2008, 2014d; Zhang et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2013), but detailedly observational data were scarce. Additionally, most of the studies were only limited in one single city or air pollutant. For example, based on dailymean concentrations of PM10, NO2 and SO2 for five fixed-site air monitoring stations in urban area of Guangzhou from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2011, Li et al. (2014) analyzed timescale-dependent relationships between air pollution index (API) and a variety of meteorological factors by the wavelet analysis, and found temperature, RH (relative humidity), precipitation and wind speed were negatively correlated with API.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5175, "input_1": "However, the apparent absence of multiple spatially periodic extensional fabrics [Ghent and Hansen, 1999] argues against", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5176, "input_1": "Similarly, Tilahun et al. (2013) concluded that a combination of manure (15 t ha-1 year-1) and inorganic fertilizer (120 kg N ha-1 year-1 and 100 kg P ha-1 year-1) gives high yield of lowland rice in the Fogera plains of Ethiopia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5177, "input_1": "The first three MPLs correspond to the type of willingness-to-pay tasks used in Meier and Sprenger (2010). Each list is a series of binary choices.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5178, "input_1": "however, been shown to be essential for the entry and replication of Salmonella Typhi in epithelial cells [43] and for the survival and virulence of Mycobacterium bovis in mice [44,45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5179, "input_1": "When the discrepancy between cues was intentionally manipulated to be large, switching back has been observed experimentally (Cheng 1988; Cheng et al. 1987; Chittka and Geiger 1995a, 1995b; Etienne et al. 1990; Healy and Hurly 1998; Kamil and Jones 1997; Mackintosh 1973; also see Cheng et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5180, "input_1": "We perform extensive comparative studies with a number of state-of-the-art algorithms as benchmarks: PA [Crammer et al., 2006], SCW [Wang et al., 2012], OGD [Zinkevich, 2003], AROW [Crammer et al., 2009; Crammer et al., 2013] (we use the implementation in LIBOL library [Hoi et al., 2014] for these algorithms,\ndefault value for parameters are used if available), and Online Bagging [Oza and Russell, 2005] (we use the implementation in MOA library [Bifet et al., 2010]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5181, "input_1": "In a spectroscopic or imaging experiment one could then mask out the undesired sideband echoes, and recover solely the centerband’s signal [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5182, "input_1": "Repartnering may also increase family complexity (e.g., it may add half-siblings, step-siblings, and grandparents of step-siblings) and therefore lead to negative implications for children (Brown et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5183, "input_1": "1 is formed by UV or light irradiation of tryptophan [17] and, following activation of AhR, can increase expression of CYP1A1 to induce its own metabolism [7, 18] and provide a feedback mechanism to", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5184, "input_1": "1998) and to some extent in the feces (Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5185, "input_1": "In Reference [7], with the same system model as in References [5,6], we have presented two anti-jamming coding techniques, namely, rateless coding and piecewise coding.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5186, "input_1": "Following digestion, the cDNA was then cloned into an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP; Clontech, Mountain View, CA) vector creating a plasmid where eGFP was linked to TDAG51 protein (termed eGFP-TDAG51), as previously described (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5187, "input_1": "…flavonol-type compound that was identified by comparison to the proposed fragmentation pattern in the literature, was kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (Schmidt et al., 2010) (41, M = 448.09 Da, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl b-D-glucopyranoside) at\nRt = 9.57 min, identified…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5188, "input_1": "We also hypothesized that ongoing selection for seed size will have resulted in a narrowing of seed size variation among populations within bioregions and among individual plants within populations in the most arid and unfavourable environments relative to populations from a more favourable core habitat [29,30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5189, "input_1": "The degenerated primers were designed from conserved regions in the primary structure of urease sequences from the heterobasidiomycete F. neoformans (Cox et al. 2000) and the ascomycetes C. immitis (Yu et al. 1997) and S. pombe (Tange and Niwa 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5190, "input_1": "For example, in a web page most of the terms (without the terms in a stop list [12]) will occur once, some terms happen twice, and fewer terms repeat three times or more.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5191, "input_1": ": +33-1-49813658 Fax: +33-1-49813685\nalso stimulates dopamine release from rat nucleus accumbens after i.p. administration (Ladurelle et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5192, "input_1": "To deal with the high computational complexity of 3D geometrybased matching techniques, existing works typically adopt a pre-processing stage to quickly identify a small set of candidates which are later refined with geometry-based matching [3, 11, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5193, "input_1": "Briefly, 7-mm-thick sections were deparaffinized according to our established protocols (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5194, "input_1": "The gene EF1a (At1g07930), encoding elongation factor 1a, was used for quantitative normalization (Curie et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5195, "input_1": "…Scurr, & Smith, 2009) is commonly used to make recommendations on improvements to breast support design (Zhou et al., 2012a) and to investigate the effect of breast support levels on breast kinematics and exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010; White et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5196, "input_1": "1996, 1997), and the main metabolite of p-DCB is 2,5-DCP, which is excreted both as the free substance and in conjugated forms (as sulfate or glucuronide) in the urine (Azouz et al. 1955; Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997; Bomhard et al. 1998) and to some extent in the feces (Kimura et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5197, "input_1": "In this study, we used the Knowledge Map Concept Indexer (KMCI) (Denny et al., 2009), a general-purpose NLP engine, to process all paper titles from American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5198, "input_1": "[32], based on a study of decedent Medicare beneficiaries, found that such treatment-limiting ADs only had a significant impact in high spending regions characterised by aggressive end-of-life-care.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5199, "input_1": "For Amboseli, this value is approximately 50 mm (see also Dunbar 1992; Bronikowski and Altmann 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5200, "input_1": "The following murine mAb’s were used: 3BD10 (epitope TSHR amino acid residues 25–51) (27) and 2C11 (epitope containing amino acid residues 354–359) (29).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5201, "input_1": "Whites’ concern with in-group outcomes (i.e., White disadvantage) in organizations with race-based AAPs has received some scholarly attention (e.g., Lowery et al., 2006), yet how chronic race-related beliefs drive such concerns has largely escaped investigation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5202, "input_1": "We have shown that renal AT1 and AT2 receptor binding correlates well with abundance of steady-state mRNA: as a result of 24 h of UUO in the neonatal rat, both AT1 and AT2 receptors are downregulated in the obstructed kidney (48).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5203, "input_1": "…al., 1997), have focused on representing specific tasks and domains, the attention has shifted to more general purpose schemas such as the Dialogue Act Markup using Several Layers (DAMSL) (Allen, 1997) and the ISO 24617-2(Bunt et al., 2010; Bunt et al., 2012), a standard for dialog act annotation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5204, "input_1": "The presence of severe exacerbation in the previous year is a risk factor for mortality, which confirms the results from other studies (Almagro et al., 2002;Kim, Clark & Camargo, 2006; Piquet et al., 2013; Müllerova et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5205, "input_1": "Posterior putamen has previously been shown to be involved in habitual behavior [40,41,48], and the current result indicates that, following Pavlovian cues, more chronic AD patients activate habit pathways, which confirms the habit formation theory [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5206, "input_1": "To confirm some identities, and to compare splicing patterns between guinea pig and human, some groups were analyzed by BLAT analysis (with the human genome) [43] and visualization in EyeBrowse, an eyecentric version of the UCSC Genome Browser [44,45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5207, "input_1": "Cigarette smoking has been previously shown to increase caffeine clearance [28,29] and affect the CBT results [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5208, "input_1": "HT = medical treatment of moderate hypertension; CAB = coronary artery bypass; Hemodial = hemodialysis; L Transp = liver transplantation; HIV = medical treatment of human immune virus infections [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5209, "input_1": "Other reasons for the low predictability of the Konishi equation could be the variation in nonrenal digoxin CL in different populations, reduced volume of distribution, and reduced myocardial sensitivity.(21) The results of our study cast doubt on the suitability of the Konishi equation for adjustment of drug dosage in clinical practice in Chinese patients, which could only be applied in stage 3 patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5210, "input_1": "Mice deficient in cd39 on the C57BL/ 6/129 svj strain or in cd73 on the BL6 stain were generated, validated, and characterized as described previously (15, 16).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5211, "input_1": "The response to a generated question will be supplied in the following conversations, which may be novel but not necessarily occur in the input as that in traditional QG (Du et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017; Tang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017; Mostafazadeh et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5212, "input_1": "92 and 12–35 mg/kg) in leafy green plants from Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China, Kathmandu, India and Turkey, respectively (Aweng et al. 2011; Kananke et al. 2014; Zhuang et al. 2009; Shakya and Khwaounjoo 2013; Yadav et al. 2013; Türkdoğan et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5213, "input_1": "Extracellular amplitude computation has been described in detail (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5214, "input_1": "Many researchers have highlighted the necessity of considering memorability when designing phrase sets [23, 25, 33, 39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5215, "input_1": "…each of the three PIcoupled receptors on dopamine cells (mACh, mGluR, 1) is that the outward current induced by transient application of agonist was desensitized during the superfusion of a low concentration of agonist (Fiorillo and Williams, 1998; Paladini et al., 2001; Morikawa et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5216, "input_1": "conserved protein across bacterial phyla, and in some bacteria it is auto-regulated at the translational level [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5217, "input_1": "several members of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family in thymic T cell development has been reported [7,8,9,10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5218, "input_1": "Like HRR, ANHEJ also requires the processing of DSBs by MRE11 [22–25] and CtIP [18,26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5219, "input_1": "The mongooses (Herpestidae) are a small clade of 34 species that epitomize all these aspects of social variation (Rood 1986; Schneider and Kappeler 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5220, "input_1": "This, in turn, leads to reduction in the lumen-positive electrical potential in this nephron segment, resulting in increased urinary Mg2+ and Ca2+ (Riccardi & Brown, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5221, "input_1": "…Actin to Protect Nuclei during Confined Migration and Promote Metastasis, Cell (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.023\nThe regulation and localization of actin nucleation factors are likely critical for specifying the function of actin structures in cells (Skau and Waterman 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5222, "input_1": "These therapeutic options do not restore normal hyaline cartilage and have a short-term success rate [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5223, "input_1": "For a KC model to be the basis for accurate modeling of knowledge growth, it must identify all KCs that contribute to the given overall skill, including ones that are not well-known or taught directly [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5224, "input_1": "Third, PWM-20 is based entirely on the functional p53 REs (34 in vivo REs used for PWM-20 compared to 37 in vitro BSs used by Hoh et al. [64].)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5225, "input_1": "Stenosis of the stoma, one of the late complications, occurred in children with ileal conduit in up to 42% [5, 6, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5226, "input_1": "Group representative strains were screened for nifH, the gene encoding the nitrogenase iron protein dinitrogenase reductase , by dot blot hybridization using a biotinylated nifH specific DNA probe that detects a very wide range of diazotroph taxa Bagwell et al. 1998; 2001; Bergholz et al. 2001 .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5227, "input_1": "Instead of using the single fuzzless locus mutant developed mapping populations (Rong et al. 2005, 2007; Zhang et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2006; Wan et al. 2007), the common female parent line of the two F2 populations we developed combined at least two fuzzless loci (N1 and n2, and probably n3) (Turley and Kloth 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5228, "input_1": "The present results using Long Evans rats are consistent with previous reports that MIA during pregnancy does not alter classical fear conditioning in the adult male offspring of either Wistar (Zuckerman and Weiner, 2005) or Sprague Dawley rat strains (Vorhees et al., 2012; Yee et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5229, "input_1": "recently showed that the 242Tallele is associated with significantly lower basal and NADPH-stimulated vascular superoxide production in the blood vessels of patients with atherosclerosis [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5230, "input_1": "Thus far, increases in the diagnostic sensitivity of CA125 by using marker panels have been moderate (5–10%), often at the expense of decreases in specificity, and vice versa (Tuxen et al, 1995; Meyer and Rustin, 2000; Bast, 2003; Zhang et al, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5231, "input_1": "For these samples, we applied a nested primer approach and used the additional primers: L15383* (Cibois and Pasquet 1999) and H15149* (Kocher et al. 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5232, "input_1": "differences that might be expected on an additive scale of interaction as described by Hosmer and Lemoshow [46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5233, "input_1": "The title pages were, with slight modifications, the same as those used in the previous study by Svenonius and Molto (1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5234, "input_1": "This has subsequently been identified in\nhuman cases of staphylococcal infection (Arias et al., 2008; Quinn et al., 2009; Toh et al., 2007), as well as in the LEADER Program for 2007 (Mendes et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5235, "input_1": "On the other hand, in small-t-transfected CV-1 cells, the activation of MEK and MAP kinase by inhibition of PP2A was dependent on PI 3-kinase and PKC (53).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5236, "input_1": "Exposure to radiation especially at young ages is a risk factor in thyroid cancer [3], though in most cases, specific risk factors for DTC cannot be identified [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5237, "input_1": "In an attempt to standardize the bacteriologic procedures, all patients had a “endocarditis diagnostic kit,” using an automate (Bactec Becton Dickinson, Sparus, Maryland) including standard BC and special samples for isolation of intracellular pathogens, and for various specific antibodies (7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5238, "input_1": "However, Lo and Yeh [21] found that above protocols [18–20] cannot is vulnerable to the denial of proof attack.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5239, "input_1": "Previous studies have also reported high expression levels of Cyclin B1 in a variety of cancers such as breast, cervical, gastric, coloectal, colon, and prostate cancers, as well as in myelogenous leukemia cells ([25-28]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5240, "input_1": "12 that outgroup dehumanization is conceptually and empirically distinct from outgroup prejudice, and also that it is uniquely associated with outgroup aggression (Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5241, "input_1": "Since starvation is thought to be one of the main dormancyinducing stresses encountered by Mtb inside the granuloma [11,33], Mtb WT and Dfcr mutants were starved in PBS to determine the role of the fcr genes in wax synthesis under this dormancy-inducing stress.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5242, "input_1": "A thorough evaluation of the PPDF and computation of its moments can be obtained via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5243, "input_1": "Our zebra finch results seem somewhat in between those obtained by Nagel et al. (2010) and those of van der Aa et al. (2015) for the discrimination between two stimuli of which the temporal parameters were varied compared to the training stimuli.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5244, "input_1": "The false discovery rate (FDR) of identification was calculated to be less than 1% as described [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5245, "input_1": "According to previous works, it is well-known that different solvent combinations can be employed for the separation and analysis of cannabinoids in HPLC-MS/MS [35, 36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5246, "input_1": "Although the distribution of the two collagen types is widely overlapping, important differences have been described, including a high ratio of type VI to type I collagen in intervertebral disks and articular cartilage, and an opposite proportion in bone and a preferred localization of type VI collagen in the pericellular space or underneath epithelial cell layers (Keene et al., 1988; Marvulli et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5247, "input_1": "Our findings are supported by a growing number of epidemiological studies showing an association between air pollution exposure and cognitive impairment in the elderly (Chen and Schwartz 2009; Power et al. 2011; Ranft et al. 2009; Wellenius et al. 2012; Weuve et al. 2012a; Chang et al. 2014; Tonne et al. 2014, Ailshire and Crimmings 2014, Ailshire and Clarke 2014) and by toxicological studies suggesting that air pollution has neuropathological effects (Block and Calderón-Garcidueñas", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5248, "input_1": "The sano locus encodes a putative cytoplasmic protein of 778 aa, which is related to the Themis gene family (Chung et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5249, "input_1": "In fact, naive subjects are not able to distinguish real from synthetic stimuli (Turing test) (Ezzat et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5250, "input_1": "Concerning heavy metals tolerance and accumulation in plants, many genes involved in adaptive tolerance and detoxification of HMs have been identified and isolated from several plants (Verbruggen et al., 2009; Krämer, 2010; Ueno et al., 2011; Luo et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5251, "input_1": ", 2002; Voinnet, 2009), with a subset of them also repressing translation (Aukerman and Sakai, 2003; Brodersen et al., 2008; Chen, 2004; Dugas and Bartel, 2008; Gandikota et al., 2007; Lanet et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5252, "input_1": "comparisons of the current results of TMS effects received from the tactile unimodal WM task with the previous findings of TMS effects received from a tactile-visual cross-modal WM task (Ku et al., 2015), the authors believe that it is a reasonable assumption that the", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5253, "input_1": "…study, it is\ndocumented that body weight, clinical signs and micronucleus appearance did not differ in Vit E+Setreated broiler chicks when compared with the control group (Sharaf et al., 2009) which is also an indication that this amalgamation can assuage the noxious effects of CY more effectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5254, "input_1": "Interestingly, it plays only an inferior role in the NHFS([9]) and is not included in the POSSUM system.([12]) In summary, given the importance of cognitive ability, assessing cognitive ability must become part of the clinical routine.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5255, "input_1": "These results agree with the model proposed by Walker et al. [13], and then\n confirmed by other Authors [17–19], which describes the granule formation during spray drying.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5256, "input_1": "Therefore, we tested three morphine-like drugs that represent a range of efficacy: morphine (intermediate efficacy), buprenorphine (relatively low efficacy), and etorphine (relatively high efficacy) (Emmerson et al. 1996; Selley et al. 1998) on the hot-plate and tail-flick tests under conditions previously described (Paronis and Holtzman 1991; Kalinichev et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5257, "input_1": "Similar results presented in [12], suggest that attention must be paid to the beam size and divergence, in order to avoid redundancy on the data caused by overlapping when measuring in high resolution at reduced distances.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5258, "input_1": "Throughput-sensitive flows were represented by TCP flows carrying a delay hint of 80 ms. Delay-sensitive flows were represented by TFRC [3] flows carrying a delay hint of 32 ms.\n Analyzing throughput and delay alone is not sufficient as application performance realistically involves tradeoffs between throughput and delay.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5259, "input_1": "We used the fully-connected model, F1, as well as shallow convolutional models C1 and C3 suggested by Keskar et al. (2017). As a demonstration of more current architectures, we used the models: VGG (Simonyan, 2014) and Resnet44 (He et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5260, "input_1": "Based on the knowledge that NSP1 binds in vitro to all eleven viral mRNAs [4, 15] and the suggestion that it may interact with other viral proteins [13], we hypothesized that such interactions could affect the susceptibility of NSP1 to be degraded.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5261, "input_1": "Gln105 of human NQO1 is an\nespecially important residue for catalytic activity (Chen et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5262, "input_1": "[11] have examined textile electrodes properties, comparing them with standard Ag-AgCl electrodes using evaluation of human surface ECG.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5263, "input_1": "[8,11] In general, patients with straight sinus thrombosis present with acute headache, nausea, vomiting, seizures, altered mental status, focal neurologic deficits, coma, and/or death because of venous infarction of the bilateral thalami and basal ganglia.[6] Typical MRI findings are high signal intensity and swelling of the bilateral thalami, internal capsules, and basal ganglia on T2WI and FLAIR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5264, "input_1": "A similar trend exists for thyroid cancer, as the diagnosis of small and indolent tumors has steadily risen.(8,9)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5265, "input_1": "…with several action-based models of selective action that suggest turning one’s visual attention to an object or location in space may be the same process as preparing a movement to that object/location (e.g., Rizzolatti et al.1994; Tipper et al.1992; Welsh and Elliott 2004b; Welsh et al.1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5266, "input_1": "The functionality of both genes and their expression during mineralization of 2,4-D and 3-CB has been confirmed (Kasberg et al., 1995; Laemmli et al., 2000, 2004; Pérez-Pantoja et al., 2000; Plumeier et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5267, "input_1": "Most of them, referred as background subtraction approaches, assume that the input video is captured by a stationary camera and model background colors at each pixel location using either generative [18, 15] or nonparametric [14, 5] methods.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5268, "input_1": "…a significant role in the gait of elderly fallers and patients with PD (Blin et al. 1990; Hausdorff et al. 1998, 2001; Hausdorff 2005; Schaafsma et al. 2003; Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005), leading one to speculate that a close association exists between gait variability and asymmetry.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5269, "input_1": "Mir-185 was initially reported to be upregulated in rapidly progressing IPF [12] but in later studies, miR-185 downregulation was demonstrated in IPF lungs, compared to controls [15, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5270, "input_1": "One of the most promising methods among them is PLDA (Kenny, 2010; Prince and Elder, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5271, "input_1": "Our results for regulation of PR protein expression are consistent with other reports, which demonstrate cyclic changes in PR proteins in human (52, 53) and rat (18, 50) Fallopian tubes as well as human (39, 43, 75) and rat (27) uteri.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5272, "input_1": "injection of 150 mL volume as described previously.(28,29) This dose of IL-17 was chosen based on previous reports and represents a medium to high level of serum IL-17 as seen in patients with inflammation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5273, "input_1": "Studies have demonstrated that intermittent hypoxia (IH) is the key pathophysiological character of OSA [2, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5274, "input_1": "…the expansion of artificial structures in coastal waters might be an important driver of the increase in Aurelia spp. populations due to the resultant increase in the availability of suitable benthic habitats for polyp proliferation (Duarte et al., 2012; Purcell, 2012; Makabe et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5275, "input_1": "…factors (e.g., hypertension, stroke, and diabetes) (Arvanitakis et al. 2016; Bogush et al. 2017; Eskildsen et al. 2017; Kelleher and Soiza 2013; Longden et al. 2016; Love and Miners 2017; McInerney et al. 2017; Nielsen et al. 2017; Perrotta et al. 2016; Sheen and Sheu 2016; Sudduth et al. 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5276, "input_1": "lengths was interpreted to indicate a progressive thickening of the layer with continued cooling [e.g., Hansen and Willis, 1998; Ghent and Hansen, 1999; Hansen et al., 2000].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5277, "input_1": "An MP system is an MP grammar equipped with a temporal interval τ , a conventional mole size ν, and substances masses, which specify the time and population (discrete) granularities, respectively [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5278, "input_1": "…P aper |\nD iscussion P aper\n| D iscussion P aper |\nAs a cold water species (Winter et al., 1994), with a biogeography spanning the Arctic and sub-polar Northern Hemisphere (McIntyre and Bé, 1967; McIntyre et al., 1970), C. pelagicus could potentially dominate calcite production in this region.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5279, "input_1": "This finding is new for the Thr-Glu-Tyr motif and is consistent with the reported phosphorylation of Tyr during AR induced by LPC (de Lamirande et al., 1998, de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002) and A23187 (Aitken et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5280, "input_1": "Although fast growing woody plants have been widely used for cleaning up HM contaminated soils, limited information is available about the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HM tolerance and detoxification in woody plants (Konlechner et al., 2013; Luo et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5281, "input_1": "…open studies, all of the open studies investigating the cognitive effects of rTMS in depression stimulated the left DLPFC via high frequency rTMS (Triggs et al., 1999; Martis et al., 2003; Fabre et al., 2004; O’Connor et al., 2005; Kuroda et al., 2006; Bloch et al., 2008; Vanderhasselt et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5282, "input_1": "For DNA methylation studies, nucleosomes first were extracted from prefrontal cortex gray matter and then immunoprecipitated with two anti-methyl-histone specific antibodies [anti-histone H3tri-methyl-lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and anti-H3-tri-methyl-lysine 27 (H3K27me3)] to separate open chromatin at sites of actual or potential transcription from repressive and silenced chromatin, exactly as described [17,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5283, "input_1": ", 2004), improve carcass characteristics (Swingle et al., 1979; Matulis et al., 1987; Cranwell et al., 1996a; Stelzleni et al., 2007) and meat quality (Cranwell et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5284, "input_1": "Slant column NO2 is retrieved using a DOAS linear least squares fit (Platt and Stutz, 2008; Wenig et al., 2005) as in the operational DOAS retrievals (Boersma et al., 2007;10 Bucsela et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5285, "input_1": "The excessive model precipitation over the mountainous west tends to result in excessively wet soils in summer, which cause high latent heat flux, low sensible heat flux, and surface cooling (Bonan, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5286, "input_1": "Boron has been suggested to act as a chemical modulator of phenolic synthesis so that in the absence of B, phenolics are produced in excess (Lee and Aronoff 1967; Dugger 1983).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5287, "input_1": "This situation is even more obvious if this prevalence is compared with that for age-matched populations, and it is in concert with the results of a casecontrol study that failed to establish a significant relationship between the occurrence of gallstones and GERD [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5288, "input_1": "The UB-Tree [20] integrates a space filling curve and a BTree creating a primary index for multidimensional data.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5289, "input_1": "Following selective amplification, PCR products were purified using Sephadex G-75 gel filtration columns (Porath and Flodin 1959).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5290, "input_1": "[1] reported that 17% of women using the LNG-IUS for contraception experienced a period of at least 90 days of no B/S during the first year.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5291, "input_1": "Particularly, when A‘ ¼ 0 it reduces into the normalized RBF nets (Moody & Darken, 1989; Nowlan, 1990; Xu, 1998a; Xu et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5292, "input_1": "Two distinct chromatin-remodeling complexes of the Swi2/Snf2 family - the RSC and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes - are implicated in the regulation of histone gene transcription [22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5293, "input_1": "This final step in the regression analysis was included to examine the possibility that environmental risk might moderate the persistence of maternal depressive symptomatology across the three time-points.([19])", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5294, "input_1": "In recent years, an understanding of the mechanisms of GFb signal transduction has provided insights into the unction of TGFb signals in developing embryos (reviewed n Whitman, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5295, "input_1": "These findings unlike that of Craik et al. (1996) show that retrieval processes can be disrupted under conditions of divided attention.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5296, "input_1": "Through experiments, the performances of RSNets are compared with various state-of-the-art 3D segmentation methods including 3D volumes based methods [20], spectral CNN based method [24], and point clouds based methods [13, 15, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5297, "input_1": "The cultured AF (50 mg AFB1/kg) was produced using Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 2999) on ground corn at University of Missouri as described by Gowda et al. (2008). Six premixes, contributing 4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5298, "input_1": "Similarly, recent work by Balcan, Beygelzimer and Langford [2] provides an upper bound on label-complexity of Õ(d2 log 1 ) for learning half-spaces under the uniform, in a certain agnostic scenario, via an intractable algorithm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5299, "input_1": "[5,6,13,14] The abdominal superficial venous dominance is one of the most extended and accepted (but not proved) hypothesis for explaining the diffuse congestion as a large diameter SIEV may denote dominance over the deep venous system.[6] Blondeel et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5300, "input_1": "Both ADAM10 and ADAM17 are believed to influence T cell development via their activity as sheddases for Notch receptor and Notch ligands [8,9,10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5301, "input_1": "Lemurs provide an interesting case for evaluating the predictions of this hypothesis because they possess many anatomical and behavioral traits thought to have evolved for exactly this purpose: energy conservation and risk minimization (Wright 1999; Jolly 1966).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5302, "input_1": "For evaluating the performance of our method, we used six comparative methods: the method using only visual features and applying MvLFDA to these visual features (C1), the method concatenating multiple visual features to one long vector and applying LPCCA to EEG features and the long vector (C2), and the methods applying LPCCA to EEG features and each visual feature and integrating multiple EEG-based visual features via simply concatenating them to one long vector (C3), MSE [18] (C4), Supervised MSE (SMSE) [21] (C5), and Multi-view Discriminant Analysis (MvDA) [32] (C6), where C2 and C3 applied LFDA to the long vector after concatenating multiple features.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5303, "input_1": "Average part interpretability of filters in CNNs for singlecategory classification using the Pascal VOC Part dataset [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5304, "input_1": "At last, we apply RMR and G-RMR on the application of human head pose estimation (Sherrah and Gong, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5305, "input_1": "In our previous study [2], we generalized FTLE and LCS to analyze uncertain unsteady flows based on SFMs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5306, "input_1": "some GST polymorphisms are thought to alter cancer susceptibility in mammals (Hayes and Pulford, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5307, "input_1": "Drawing upon previous goal recognition research, (Blaylock and Allen 2003; Mott et al. 2006), the work presented in this chapter defines goal recognition as the task of predicting the most likely goal for a given sequence of observed low-level player behavior in the game environment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5308, "input_1": "These reports are consistent with SdpI regulating dynamin-driven fission of endocytotic and transport vesicles from their donor membranes (15, 17, 18, 20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5309, "input_1": "These two steps are the same as in the original algorithm [25], which has its orientation in spectral clustering [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5310, "input_1": "All the items in the questionnaire were adopted from the validated measurement tools which had been used in Skyrme and Amidon (1997a), Chase (1997), Chong et al. (2000) and KPMG Consulting (1998, 1999) studies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5311, "input_1": "mation of the plateaus themselves, as has been proposed previously [e.g., Bindschadler et al., 1992a, 1992b; Bindschadler, 1995; Hansen et al., 1997, 1999, 2000; Gilmore et al., 1998; Ghent and Hansen, 1999], then the structures preserved in crustal plateaus can provide important insights into Venus’ geological history.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5312, "input_1": "In graminaceous plants, iron (Fe) chelators called phytosiderophores are secreted\nfrom the roots, and play an essential role in acquiring sparingly soluble Fe in the rhizosphere (Herbik et al. 1999; Higuchi et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5313, "input_1": "Some relevant case studies exist that concentrate on master data management and organisational aspects (e.g. Otto, 2012b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5314, "input_1": "Moreover, it has been suggested that NSP1 binds to an unidentified cytoskeleton component since it co purifies with the cytoskeleton fraction [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5315, "input_1": "…capacity resulting in people in sexual contexts after drinking not being able to process their distant risk cues (such as HIV or sexually transmitted infection (STI) risks) and be highly influenced by the most immediate cues (such as sexual arousal) in their environment (MacDonald et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5316, "input_1": "…channels and chronic drug-induced disruption of hERG protein trafficking into the cell surface membrane (Ficker et al. 2004; Cordes et al. 2005; Kuryshev et al. 2005; Wible et al. 2005; Rajamani et al. 2006; Thomas et al. 2006; Guo et al. 2007; Takemasa et al. 2007; Wang et al. 2007; Van der…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5317, "input_1": "Like in other studies (Grober et al., 2010; Sarazin et al., 2010), the total recall item (the sum of the spontaneous and the cued recalls) revealed to be the most important measure in the distinction between patients and controls.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5318, "input_1": "In this regard, it is worth noting that the number of studies that have reported at least some mixed strain infections in a wide variety of hosts, including cats, has increased greatly since more sensitive genotyping techniques have been applied (AlKappany et al., 2010; Aspinall et al., 2003; Boughattas et al., 2010; Dubey et al., 2007b, 2009b, 2006a,b,c, 2005; ElbezRubinstein et al., 2009; Lindstrom et al., 2008; Mercier et al., 2010; Parameswaran et al., 2010; Ragozo et al., 2010; Sundar et al., 2008; Yai et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5319, "input_1": "SMF-based VCSEL links can transport data across fiber distances of several kilometers; however, these devices need much more power as discussed in [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5320, "input_1": ", 2000) or disease state (Ricceri et al., 2007; Scattoni et al., 2008; Young et al., 2010; Wohr et al., 2011a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5321, "input_1": "Chronic restraint stress (CRS) has been shown to induce cognitive impairment and anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in rodents (Chiba et al. 2012; Huang et al. 2015a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5322, "input_1": "If larval release occurred before the end of the monitoring period, monitoring was ceased, as Forward et al. (2003, 2005) found that female blue crabs become arrhythmic following larval release unless re-entrained to the tidal cycle.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5323, "input_1": "Determination of FST analogues for temporally distinct samples has been used in other studies to detect population dynamics (Takami et al. 2004); although our data are limited, they do support the\n N .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5324, "input_1": "Therefore, eight separate comparisons were considered in this meta-analysis [6–12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5325, "input_1": "While all of the papers included outcomes, when it came to QOL assessment, 2 of the 38 used SF36 [3, 19, 39] others used FACT-BR [5, 22, 40], and 8 used a more basic patient functionality-oriented Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) comparison [10, 13, 28, 32, 34, 36, 37], and less than half (15 of 38 papers) utilized any QOL instrument at all (FACT-BR, SF36, KPS Scale, or some other instrument).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5326, "input_1": "Although it is still not clear if an increased parasympathetic tone is due to the inflammatory state present in asthma or represents a pathophysiological mechanism by itself, the rationale for the application of cholinergic antagonists in asthma appears robust [16, 20] and the non-neuronal cholinergic represents a favorable target.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5327, "input_1": "Mycotoxins are of particular interest, because Aspergillus species produce some of the most important mycotoxins (Frisvad et al. 2007a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5328, "input_1": "The predicates p and q are interpreted in [112, 24] as first-order predicates.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5329, "input_1": "Compared with healthy controls, PD is more frequent in RA patients, both in those with new-onset and in those with long-standing disease, even when potential confounding factors such as smoking are taken into account [1-5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5330, "input_1": "Bentley and Haslam (1998, 1999, 2001) further explained that British postal workers adopted work practices involving AOL-related risk. Their study revealed that adopting risk-related work practices was especially linked to their work organisation, which effectively encouraged them to act less safely; to finish their working day earlier, they took shortcuts across more uneven ground and read addresses on envelopes whilst walking. During interviews, these postal workers stated that they were aware of the risks involved in their work practices, but they perceived them as more acceptable than the timewasting associated with a safer work practice. The present study found that work organisation impacted on the adoption of work practices involving greater risk. In the assembler-welder working situation, part supply problems linked to organisational deficiencies in the logistics sector obliged operators to adopt a work practice involving risk. Indeed, when available, parts could be prepared at the start of chassis assembly. Otherwise, operators had to climb more often onto, or down from, a template to collect parts (climbing down from templates being particularly unsafe). The impact of training received by operators in terms of both safety and ways of performing the required task has also been put forward by Bentley and Haslam (1998) and", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5331, "input_1": "We studied 83 Zambian adults, chosen at random from a cohort study, who were fully representative of the population of a crowded shanty compound in Lusaka in which we previously analyzed small-intestinal architecture and function [18, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5332, "input_1": "In addition, alcohol and smoking are major risk factors for CP, but additional risk factors appear to be necessary to specifically target the pancreas.(22,45,52) The mechanism underlying the pathology associated with CTRC G60G is unknown, but disruption of key regulator elements is likely.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5333, "input_1": "…ow nloaded from\nJPET #194308\n10\nMOP antagonist naltrexone (0.03 mg/kg) or the NOP antagonist J-113397 (0.1 mg/kg) was used based on previous studies, demonstrating that these dosing regimens produced selective, same degree of MOP versus NOP antagonism in monkeys (Ko et al., 2009; Hu et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5334, "input_1": "Among these traits are strict seasonal breeding, cathemerality (equal activity during both day and night), low basal metabolic rates, a low degree of frugivory (a highly variable food source) for primates of their body size, female dominance, and a lack of sexual dimorphism (reviewed in Wright 1999). Given the costs of pregnancy and lactation in lemurs, females of many lemur species are 16 Anim Cogn (2012) 15:15–25", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5335, "input_1": "Recent progresses have identified several novel surface markers, which can distinguish LSCs from normal HSCs, such as CD44 [15], CD123 [16], CLL-1 [17], TIM-1 [18], CD96 [19], CD47 [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5336, "input_1": "39\nCharacterization of Streptomyces antibiotic inhibition and resistance\nStreptomyces antibiotic inhibition and resistance profiles were determined using\n10 standard reference isolates described in Davelos et al. (2004b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5337, "input_1": "Study protocol\n In a previous study (Egaña and Green 2005) we tested the eVect of body tilt angle on fatigue during calf exercise (as described in the previous section) that was performed at a high contractile force relative to the maximum (70 %MVC).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5338, "input_1": "This study included 92 consecutive parkinsonian patients referred to the Parkinson Centre Nijmegen, and who were diagnosed by movement disorder specialists according to established international diagnostic criteria for parkinsonian syndromes [8,14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5339, "input_1": "Although PA interventions have demonstrated benefits for cancer survivors, including improvements in cardiovascular fitness [8], depression [9], fatigue [10], and quality of life [10, 11], few have focused on YACS [12–15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5340, "input_1": "The role of IgG1 depends on its origin, being anaphylactic when induced by IL-4 and non-anaphylactic when induced by IL-12 or IFN-γ [60].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5341, "input_1": "Resistance to TB involves macrophages [2,4], dendritic cells (DC) [17,18], and T cells [18], and multiple studies in humans and mice have shown that maintenance of TB latency requires a Th1 T cell immune response and IFN-c, which is a signature cytokine of this response.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5342, "input_1": "Prevalence in brown rats ranged from 2 7% to 8 5% by culture (n = 3; number of animals: median = 256, range = 130–919) [82, 108, 117] but was considerably higher in three studies that used PCR to detect infection (10 0% to 4 7%; number of animals: median = 11, range = 10–96) [103, 118, 124].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5343, "input_1": "We also compared our system with the state-of-the-art Czech NER system [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5344, "input_1": "In autopsy series, it was found 5–86 % of cases overall (Bonvini et al. 2008; Canyigit et al. 2009; Ferreira et al. 1991; Lazoura et al. 2010; Mohlenkamp et al. 2002; Ozbag et al. 2002; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5345, "input_1": "Evidence for more prevalent chemolithotrophic associated activities, including ammonia oxidation, sulfur oxidation and CO2 fixation have all been reported in the mesopelagic at the NPSG (Karl et al., 1984; Ingalls et al., 2006; Hansman et al., 2009; Swan et al., 2011; Giovannoni and Vergin, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5346, "input_1": "In our cannulated mesenteric arteries, inhibition of NOS significantly reduced the vasodilation induced by ACh in young, adult and aged rats, indicating that NO plays a predominant role in vasorelaxation of young, adult (Fujii et al. 1993) and aged vessels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5347, "input_1": "Several studies have focused on the fabrication techniques that create a gradient in pore size along the tube wall [12], combining multiple manufacturing methods in order to increase the level of manipulation in scaffold micro-structures [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5348, "input_1": "The concordance rates between the two methods in ART-experienced and ART-naive patients were 98.54% (1,353/ 1,373) (95% CI, 97.76% to 99.05", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5349, "input_1": "…general anesthesia and (Liley and Bojak, 2005) model the proconvulsive properties of several volatile anesthetic agents, most modeling efforts aim at understanding the dynamical mechanisms underlying bi-phasic responses (Bojak and Liley, 2005; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Steyn-Ross et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5350, "input_1": "Responses to ILD horizontal position cues were probed with broad-spectrum noise (see Materials and Methods) within the physiological range determined from the measurements of acoustic directional transfer functions (Koka et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5351, "input_1": "…highly diverse gene cassettes (VAR; Vibrio anguillarum repeats), mostly of unknown function, but among others toxin/antitoxin cassettes and genes involved in substrate modification or interactions with virulence factors and DNA modification, similar to in Vibrio cholera (Rowe-Magnus et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5352, "input_1": "Other cross-linking experiments and RNA protection studies with functional elongation complexes suggest that NusA likely makes contacts near the RNA exit channel, around the β-flap domain (41, 71, 126, 138); conceivably, an extended conformation of the NusA protein contacts both regions, not unlike the wide reach of σ70.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5353, "input_1": "However, the contribution of the reductase systems in human red blood cells (RBCs) remains u nclear [4,5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5354, "input_1": "This confirms and extends the results of Connelly et al. (2005) and the work of Berninger (1999), among others.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5355, "input_1": "BRIS- CPBD JNB LPC S3 BIQI Metri- Ours QUE[17] [19] [11] [14] [26] [18] cQ[30]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5356, "input_1": "Indeed, in some studies of MOPr signaling outputs, the endomorphins seem to be partial agonists (e.g., Saidak et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5357, "input_1": "[13] have collected a large data set of iris images, intentionally sampling a range of quality broader than that used by current commercial iris recognition systems.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5358, "input_1": "Comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms were also assessed using the child version of the CAPA [37] for children aged 12 years and over; these were endorsed if either parent or child reported their presence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5359, "input_1": "flocus and cerebellum dorsal vermis are involved in it (Kuicken et al., 2001-2002; Lee et al., 2006; Parker et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5360, "input_1": "Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemical that is derived from the root of the turmeric plant Curcuna longa and is responsible for the spicy taste of curries [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5361, "input_1": "In line with past studies (e.g., Anderson et al., 1998; Craik et al., 1996) results of the current study showed that secondary task performance i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5362, "input_1": "be involved in protein binding (especially of albumin) in other epithelia (Kopp et al., 1992; Blazejewski et al., 1997), could perform this function at the blood–CSF interface.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5363, "input_1": "1 is involved in other autophagy-regulated processes in addition to aggrephagy (26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5364, "input_1": "…do not donate electrons to the respiratory chain, yet in bacteria they are membrane-bound enzymes transferring their electrons directly to ubiquinol (Barnes and Kaback 1970; Lascelles 1978; Doig et al. 1999; Modun and Williams 1999; Dym et al. 2000; Delgado et al. 2001; Fuller et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5365, "input_1": "Solutions to the PnP or PnL problem cover only single-view perspective cameras, hence new methods are needed to efficiently deal with the multiview PnP (NPnP) problem [3, 8, 11, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5366, "input_1": "Several pro-survival signaling pathways converge at the step of GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9, which inactivates this kinase, and inactivation of GSK-3β has been shown to increasemyocardial resistance to infarction [11,12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5367, "input_1": "We can calculate the fold-preferential p-value of a particular motif ω to occur by chance in a particular SCOP Fold by using a hypergeometric distribution [15]:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5368, "input_1": "%) individuals with psoriatic arthritis had CD (the Swedish study used no controls; Lindqvist et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5369, "input_1": "Data concerning the effects of AZD1152-HQPA on apoptosis are scant, although our analysis seems to be in disagreement with the results of Oke et al (2009), who reported that the Aurora B kinase inhibitor induced a strong increase in an Annexin V-positive cell fraction in studies in primary AML…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5370, "input_1": "…cloning of the GABAB(1) gene, a second, structurally similar,\nmember of the GABAB receptor family: the GABAB(2) subunit was described concomitantly by a number of research groups (Jones et al. 1998; Kaupmann et al. 1998a; Kuner et al. 1999;\nMartin et al. 1999; Ng et al. 1999; White et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5371, "input_1": "Interestingly, sildenafil did not change the plasma lipid profile in the treated animals, which was consistent with similar results found elsewhere [21], although it improved the endothelial function.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5372, "input_1": "The mixing times for various mixers are listed in Table III; these times were obtained from lab experiments \n[Paik et al. 2003].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5373, "input_1": "2D), associated with the unchanged total creatine content previously reported in aged muscles by other investigators (Ermini & Verzar, 1968; Dudley & Fleck, 1984; Conley\net al., 2000), clearly demonstrates that the decrease in energy-supply elasticity in aged rats arises from alteration(s) located…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5374, "input_1": "elegans ventral nerve cord [17,18], as well as in early chick spinal cord, where electroporated mouse Ebf1 promotes expression of numerous neuronal markers [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5375, "input_1": "…et al. (2005) examined the plasticity of infants’ discrimination of monkey faces by providing 6-month-olds with folders containing pictures of six unfamiliar monkey faces where parents were asked to show these pictures to their infant for 1–2 min each day (see Pascalis et al., 2005, p. 5298).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5376, "input_1": "…myocardial infarction, left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial stunning, paroxysmal AV blockade, as well as exercise induced\nventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death (Canyigit et al. 2009; Ferreira et al. 1991; Lazoura et al. 2010; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004; Santos et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5377, "input_1": "Recent publications have revealed that the use of related types of e-crystallization growth cells applied to proteins by using direct current (DC) made crystals grow better oriented to the cathode (when the protein molecule was positively charged) compared to those crystals grown on the anode (when the protein molecule was negatively charged) showing also high crystal quality [16–20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5378, "input_1": "To avoid the need for MDS computation, one can further utilise simpler features such as a single colour for an image, expressed in terms of hue and lightness [9, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5379, "input_1": "The model (Rohrer and Berresheim, 2006; Hofzumahaus et al., 2009) was based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism (RACM) (Stockwell et al., 1997) upgraded with an5 improved isoprene chemistry (Karl et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5380, "input_1": "medically unsafe, but about their marketing potentially overstating product effectiveness and exploiting existing sociocultural biases (Karnani, 2007; Agarwal and Roy, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5381, "input_1": "The prevalence of disturbed behaviors or emotional maladaptations in different groups of children with CP have been reported to be from 30-80% (Denhoff & Holden, 1954; Graham & Rutter, 1968b; Hourcade & Parette, 1984; McDonald, 1987; Rosenbloom, 1971; Storrow & Jones, 1960).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5382, "input_1": "These observations are in agreement with the theory developed by Gov et al. (2009) where mobile components and breakage of the band 3-ankyrin anchors lead to vesiculation and morphology changes (Satchwell et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5383, "input_1": "(Reed and Lardy 1972) decreased diosgenin pro-\nduction in T. foenum-graecum seedlings, as compared to the control.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5384, "input_1": "The activity of hCG is initiated by binding of hCG to its transmembrane glycoprotein receptor, which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5385, "input_1": "Not surprisingly, strong expression of Bcl-2 has been shown to be a consistent feature of EBV-associated PTLD (19, 20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5386, "input_1": "However, interactions among bacteria vary across small spatial scales (Davelos et al., 2004a; Vetsigian et al, 2011) and are likely to be embedded within larger-scale drivers of microbial communities.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5387, "input_1": "The application of PBM for the management of postmastectomy lymphedema is corroborated by solid data [15, 16] and clinical findings now suggest a beneficial impact on the prevention of radiationinduced oral mucositis [17–20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5388, "input_1": "It is also critical for women to have a health professional they can trust for support (Hegney et al, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5389, "input_1": "Bendahmane and Gronenborn (1997) used antisense RNA to engineer resistance against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in N. benthamiana.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5390, "input_1": "Among the 28 patients, the clinical details and follow-up information were provided for 25 patients [4,5,14,15], 18 of whom underwent surgery and were free from the disease without postoperative radioiodine ablation therapy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5391, "input_1": "Based on collection of multiple proxy measures of the likelihood of exposure to infectious microbes, a pathogen score was constructed using the mean value of five interviewer-assigned variables, each scored on a 3point scale (0=low exposure, 1=moderate, and 2=high): (1) cleanliness of the food preparation area, (2) means of garbage disposal, (3) presence of excrement near the house, (4) level of garbage, and (5) excrement present in the neighborhood surrounding the household [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5392, "input_1": "For instance, Murphy, Baker, and Fouquet (2001) used an\nappetitive Pavlovian conditioning procedure to explore context conditioning in a predictive relative validity paradigm with rats, finding that the net conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus was determined not only by the stimulus, but…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5393, "input_1": "This seems to be the main drawback of the current implementation in comparison to the method of Black Jepson (“refined” in Table 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5394, "input_1": "It is therefore likely that HE induces fundamental dysfunctions in different systems of the human central nervous system (Timmermann et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5395, "input_1": "vivax) exhibited proline racemase activity and B-cell mitogenicity, inducing polyclonal activation, delayed specific immune responses to parasite antigens favouring parasite immune evasion, and concomitant increase of parasitemias in the early phase of infection [7-12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5396, "input_1": "As reported previously [17], of the 12,203 men who participated in the baseline screening 819 (6.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5397, "input_1": "4 is able to regulate neurotrophic factors expression, namely brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) [10, 26-29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5398, "input_1": "Hanlon et al. (1998) studied a cohort of 8,349 women and 7,057 men 45-64 years of age in Central Scotland.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5399, "input_1": "Biotechnological applications of latex peptidases are numerous, such as in medicine: plasma-clotting (Viana et al., 2013), anti-cancer, antihelminthic, and anti-inflammatory activities (Salas, Gomes, Hernandez, & Lopes,\n2008); in agriculture: defense against insects and fungi (Konno et al., 2004;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5400, "input_1": "In order to test the role of HOCI in the degradation of MeHg and EtHg by the MPO-H202-CI- system, aminecontaining compounds (R-NH2) capable of rapidly reacting with this species (Slivka et al. 1980; Dallegri et al. 1985) were used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5401, "input_1": "Adam optimizer [Kingma and Ba, 2015] is used with the learning rate of 0.0005 and momentum of [0, 0.9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5402, "input_1": "This increase has been attributed primarily to the introduction of the LHC as the 30% PHI rebate was reported to increase PHI coverage by only 1% from 1998 to 1999 [6,7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5403, "input_1": "…as sole carbon source, the T99 mutant strain, with a disrupted hydroxyquinol dioxygenase gene, behaved the same way as when challenged with 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005), i.e., no growth occurred and an orange pigment accumulated in the cultures, suggesting that the same catabolic route was used…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5404, "input_1": "After obtaining the whole-cell configuration negative pressure was applied to the recording pipette and the nucleus with the surrounding cell membrane was pulled out of the slice to obtain a nucleated patch (Sather et al. 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5405, "input_1": "5 mg/day (Cohort 3 [C3]); doses were selected based on data from the prior Phase I monotherapy study [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5406, "input_1": "From 4 μL of this sample, SEBs generated at the 23-RSS or its replacement were detected using LM-PCR as previously described [24,31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5407, "input_1": "In order to locate genomic resources for a given gene using a familiar name, a reference name has to first be identified from GenBank (or other databases such as Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL [2] or ENSEMBL [3]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5408, "input_1": "This diversity pattern is comparable to those reported for other Rhizophora species from different areas along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts (Cerón-Souza et al., 2012; Sandoval-Castro et al., 2014; Yahya et al., 2014; Ng et al., 2015; Wee et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5409, "input_1": "It is faster and results in quick healing.(18,19) The disadvantages associated with this technique are bleeding from incision site, post-operative pain and need of surgical pack.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5410, "input_1": "ankle-link antigen (ALA) with ankle links (Goodyear and Richardson, 1999), and the tip-link antigen (TLA) with tip and kinocilial links (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5411, "input_1": "Surprisingly, Schimpf et al. (2012) also found that metabolic rate was unrelated to clutch size, although this result should be interpreted with some caution as metabolic rate was not compared to virgin females and natural variation in clutch size for the reproducing females examined was not…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5412, "input_1": "…κ receptor agonists also increases feeding (Morley & Levine, 1983; Silva et al. 2002) and fasting causes an increase in the expression of pre-prodynorphin mRNA and dynorphin levels in areas of the rat hypothalamus involved in energy homeostasis (Berman et al. 1994, 1997; Herve & Fellmann, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5413, "input_1": "It is also important to interpret our data with the understanding that some tumors harbor CD8+ TILs weighted toward a dysfunctional, rather than functional, immune-responsive phenotype [15, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5414, "input_1": "intergenic and upstream of chorion genes (Delidakis and Kafatos, 1989; Heck and Spradling, 1990; Orr-Weaver and Spradling, 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5415, "input_1": "We consider this an important practical consideration related to the current idea that scoring subsets of cancers according to TIL infiltrates and PD-L1 expression is a useful stratification scheme for immunotherapies targeting PD1/PD-L1 [28, 61].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5416, "input_1": "The experiments were repeated either (i) including or (ii) not including the Suppes’ constraints described in CAPRI [28], and independently using 5 distinct optimization scores and regularizators, namely standard (i) log-likelihood [21], (ii) AIC [1], (iii) BIC [32], (iv) BDE [18] and (v) K2 [11], leading to a final number of 86, 400, 000 different configurations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5417, "input_1": "Marcus et al.\n(MEA) reported over-regularization rates for each of 25 children from the CHILDES database of transcripts (MacWhinney, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5418, "input_1": "with Seq and Peq being respectively the concentration of the substrate and the product at the thermodynamic equilibrium (Heinrich and Schuster, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5419, "input_1": "Surprisingly, recent studies of mutations in the C-terminal interaction domains of mouse BCAR1 (L791P) and BCAR3 (R743A) have shown that the mutants retain many biological activities of the wild-type proteins despite their reported decreased ability to interact (30, 38, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5420, "input_1": "RankProd statistical test (10) was performed for the selection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following a two-class paired design.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5421, "input_1": "Prevalence of infection was estimated by country for the year 1994 [29] and then revised for 1997 to produce the first country-level epidemic estimates using Epimodel [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5422, "input_1": "Saczynski et al. (2006) examined this issue in more than 2,500 older Japanese American men who were followed since 1964 as part of the Honolulu Heart Program and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5423, "input_1": "This strain ratio is consistent with experimental data [24] and, for small deformations, automatically enforces incompressibility of the intracellular volume (dV~padx; dV~differential volume, a = cell radius, dx = differential length) for each differential slice of the OHC (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5424, "input_1": "Mammalian UCEs have been linked to a diverse set of regulatory functions including transcriptional enhancers (Woolfe et al. 2005; Pennacchio et al. 2006; Lampe et al. 2008; Visel et al. 2008; Viturawong et al. 2013) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) (Feng et al. 2006; Calin et al. 2007; Mestdagh et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5425, "input_1": "Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans [30], which includes at least three of the following components: 1) waist circumferences $90 cm in men or $80 cm in women; 2) triglycerides $1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5426, "input_1": "…samples of dimension d we are interested in approximating the joint distribution p0(X1, ..., Xd) of data using different methods:\n• The KEF model from Sriperumbudur et al., 2017 approximates p by a distribution pf that belongs to the KEF (1) by minimizing the score loss between p and pf to find…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5427, "input_1": "However, although these techniques usually design strategies to avoid deadlocks, only a few of them [1], [2] use simple methods to test whether work units are sufficiently synchronized or not.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5428, "input_1": "This is only a subset of the organs which express type VI collagen in their connective tissue (Marvulli et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5429, "input_1": "This has already been shown to be the case in large genome-wide association studies in Alzheimer’s disease where several key genes involved in the innate immune system were shown to increase susceptibility to developing Alzheimer’s disease (Harold et al., 2009; Lambert et al., 2009; Guerreiro et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5430, "input_1": "…depth (Schneider, 2005a, 2008, 2010c), by minimizing the number of sums arising within the summand (Schneider, 2004, 2015), or minimizing the degree of the sums and products arising in the summands and multiplicands (Abramov, 1975; Paule, 1995; Schneider, 2005b, 2007a; Abramov and Petkovšek, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5431, "input_1": "pollicarus were modified only slightly from a recent report, in which a schematic of the preparation and recording sites is provided (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5432, "input_1": "The importance of ICAM-1 to the recruitment of neutrophils in renal ischemia-reperfusion and in endotoxin-induced AKI has been demonstrated in animal models, so the relevance of this phenomenon is high (32, 70).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5433, "input_1": "However, Angolan colobus population urgently needs a strong conservation management plan for their survival in the Udzungwa region because its low numbers and sensitivity to habitat disturbance (Rovero et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5434, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with other authors who showed good antitumor effects in human xenografts after the application of a CD19 CD3 diabody [16], EPCAM CD3 diabody [14,17,18], or CEA CD3 diabody [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5435, "input_1": "[4] Christopher King, Additivity for unital qubit channels (2001), quant-ph/0103156.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5436, "input_1": "Bilateral occurrence is rare (4), and only one of our patients had bilateral distribution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5437, "input_1": "Individuals were enrolled into the study if they: (1) were 65 years of age or older and (2) met DSM-IV-TR criteria for BED.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5438, "input_1": "Updated results for one of these trials [5] have been recently published [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5439, "input_1": "Prior work on theSNRe (Varghese and Ophir 1997a) and CNRe (Varghese and Ophir 1998) has established theoretical upper bounds on the values ofSNRe and CNRe.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5440, "input_1": "Although a hardware image compositor is utilized, it has some physical performance limitation [10, 11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5441, "input_1": "…to find gene families at the protein level using similarity search or protein motif databases, such as BLOCKS+ (Henikoff et al. 1999), Pfam (Bateman et al. 1999), ProDom (Corpet et al. 1999), PRINTS (Attwood et al. 1999), PROSITE (Hofmann et al. 1999), IntroPro (http:// www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5442, "input_1": "Originally, IC was performed on cytological smears and showed moderately accurate results.13,15–17 In recent years, several studies have reported comparable results for ThinPrep IC and IHC,9,10 with overall concordances of 97–99% for ER and 89–96% for PgR.9,10,17\n In this study, we confirmed the reliability of IC using the same fixation, antibody clones and dilutions in a large consecutive series of primary breast cancer\n cases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5443, "input_1": "To add the morphological features, I ran the unsupervised morphological segmentation system Morfessor (Creutz & Lagus, 2005) to get a segmentation for each word type in the corpus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5444, "input_1": "Abeler et al. (2010) study this question by analyzing two important fairness principles: horizontal equality and equity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5445, "input_1": "tulated that frontal lobe dysfunction plays a major role, while others have suggested that hydrocephalus contributes to the interruption of the subcortical circuit connecting the frontal lobe and basal ganglia [3, 19, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5446, "input_1": "…corr-4a is a bisaminomethyl bithiazole compound that promotes maturation of Phe508 CFTR but shows little rescue of a mutant dopamine receptor 4 (Pedemonte et al., 2005), whereas the thiazole derivative corr-2b and the pyrazole derivative VRT-532 also promote maturation of Phe508 CFTR but show…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5447, "input_1": "The µ-opioid receptor agonist morphine also induced inhibitory effects in both assays, in accordance with previous reports describing the opiate-mediated inhibition of the BSL evoked in mice by excitatory amino acids and neurokinins (Aanonsen et al. 1987; Takahasi et al. 1987; Wilcox 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5448, "input_1": "Antrochoanal polyps account for between 4 and 6 % of all nasal polyps, although they are much more frequently encountered in children, with an increased incidence of 35 % in the paediatric population [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5449, "input_1": "Here, we investigated the possibility that SPARC (osteonectin ⁄BM-40 ⁄ culture-shock protein) (Termine et al., 1981; Kopp et al., 1992; Tiruppathi et al., 1996; Blazejewski et al., 1997), a glycoprotein that has been shown to", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5450, "input_1": "This means that accumulation of the CMG helicase with hyperphosphorylated Psf1 is a sensitive marker for the aberrant firing of late-origins in cells treated with hydroxyurea (42), reflecting a specific failure to activate the S-phase checkpoint response at some point downstream of the Mec1 kinase.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5451, "input_1": "Only the two known trnL haplotypes having different lengths (Spagnuolo et al. 2007) were found; no other point mutations were observed in sequences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5452, "input_1": "For the synaptic drive case, as the inputs are probabilistic in nature, in order to achieve a robust comparison, we applied the synaptic input train used by Wolf et al. (2005) to our model and to the model of Wolf et al. (2005) obtained from ModelDB.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5453, "input_1": "…consider not only a multienzymatic system with a significant spontaneous reactivation of the inhibited enzyme, but also possible\ninterference, which is the most sensitive component undergoing additional ‘‘ongoing inhibition’’ during the substrate reactions according to Estevez and Vilanova (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5454, "input_1": "jejuni for promoting infections in humans and chickens is a flagellum located at one or both poles of the bacterium that promotes motility (Black et al., 1988; Nachamkin et al., 1993; Wassenaar et al., 1993; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004; Wösten et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5455, "input_1": "The other is a discriminative approach (DT) based on parse error measure to train the HVS model [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5456, "input_1": "The highest number of SSR loci found contained trinucleotide and hexanucleotide repeats (Table 2), which is consistent with results reported in Solanaceae and other plant species [19,20,25,26,27,28,29,30,31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5457, "input_1": "HRQOL was assessed with the Dutch language version of the EuroQol 5 Dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) using the summary score based on the tariffs by Dolan.22 The EQ-5D questionnaire is a multiattribute instrument reflecting the societal preferences and values for the five domains discerned and their mutual interdependence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5458, "input_1": "In fact, some of these loci may already be engaged by initiating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5459, "input_1": "Given the observed in vivo phosphorylation of these residues (Reimann et al., 2013) together", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5460, "input_1": "with and clusters Vang at the apicolateral membrane, and this behavior promotes Vang accumulation on the proximal side of cells in the wing epithelium (Bastock et al., 2003; Jenny et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5461, "input_1": "Deprivation status was calculated based on the Small Area Health Research Unit (SAHRU) National Deprivation index [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5462, "input_1": "Perceived reachability (PR) is a relatively new concept in IS/IT research, but has been used with research dealing with wireless technology, for example by Kim and Garrison (2009), who were among the first to incorporate PR into the TAM framework.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5463, "input_1": "…be widely distributed in Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, Portugal, Thailand and Venezuela (Crous et al. 2006, 2007b; Hunter et al. 2006; Whyte et al. 2005) and it is also considered a primary pathogen that can affect as much as 70% of the foliage of susceptible trees (Whyte et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5464, "input_1": "LBM is associated with overall functioning and muscle strength [20] in the general population, and among PLHIV its loss has been associated with wasting [21], hormonal dysfunction [22] and decreased quality of life [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5465, "input_1": "These results are consistent with a known role for Wnt/b-catenin signaling in regulating the cell cycle and cell fate choices of mouse neural progenitor cells (Chenn and Walsh, 2002), but whether FoxM1 plays a role in this nontumor context is unknown.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5466, "input_1": "Release of a vesicle present in this domain cannot be impaired by a slow calcium buffer such as EGTA, not even in high millimolar concentrations (Adler et al., 1991; Nowycky and Pinter, 1993; Roberts, 1994; von Gersdorff and Matthews, 1994; Mennerick and\nMatthews, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5467, "input_1": "The dynamical stability of periodic (or almost periodic ) solutions in delayed neural networks with discontinuous activation is investigated in [19,22,25-32,50,52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5468, "input_1": "…b, Benba et al. 2015; Bocklet et al. 2011; Hariharan et al. 2014; Bakar et al. 2012; Mekyska et al. 2015a; Musa et al. 2015; Naranjo et al. 2016; Orozco-Arroyave et al. 2013a, b, 2014a, b; Rusz et al. 2011, 2013b; Sakar and Kursun 2009; Sakar et al. 2013; Shahbakhti et al. 2013a, b; Shirvan…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5469, "input_1": "According to Shakir et al. (2012), the tannery effluents contain xenobiotics, and their chemical composition is complex and dramatically changes in tanning industries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5470, "input_1": "As mentioned above, MAPT gene exon 10 alternative splicing yields comparable levels of the 3R and 4R tau isoforms.(6) The mutations tested in cells (11C, 12U, 13G, DD-PAC and 16U) increased the quantity of 4R isoforms by 20.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5471, "input_1": "When phylogeographic transitions coincide with geography, as with the separate distributions of lineages A and B-C, divergence in isolation is a sound explanation (Avise, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5472, "input_1": "Content validity was examined by 9 experts with clinical service of more than 15 years each.(12) The internal consistency was estimated with the use of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5473, "input_1": "Our results confirm the important role of themedial temporal lobe network in the processing of emotional stimuli [5,6,7] and are consistent with evidence that refractoriness of theMTLEmay result in dysfunction of that network [26–29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5474, "input_1": "A “fixed but rotating” scapular model is obviously an oversimplification since the scapula may translate due to the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints (van der Helm, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5475, "input_1": "Progress in finding a treatment for tinnitus has been hampered by the fact that tinnitus represents a highly heterogeneous condition (Schecklmann et al., 2012a, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5476, "input_1": "SMCIs have fast kinetics (on rate: 10(8) M 1 s (1), off rate: 100–370 s 1 (28, 29)), low pH and Mg sensitivity (28), relatively high dynamic range (FhighCa/F0Ca 1⁄4 6–40), and two-photon excitation cross sections in the range of 2–12 GM (30, 31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5477, "input_1": "Open plating of the medial aspect of the distal tibia caused a statistically significant greater disruption of the extraosseous blood supply of the metaphyseal region than percutaneously applied plates [1, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5478, "input_1": "The previous section showed that the [5] method yields the lowest MAPE among other methods no matter what training data were used; one year or two years.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5479, "input_1": "Our result is consistent with those of two similar kinds of studies done in other regions of Ethiopia [15,16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5480, "input_1": "During one study visit, patients were interviewed, examined clinically and assessed with FRDA rating scale (FARS) [7], including staging of global functioning, questions on\nYgland et al: Friedreich ataxia p.R165P point mutation 4\nactivities of daily living (ADL), neurological examination as well as the 9-hole peg test and the PATA speech test.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5481, "input_1": "This strain shows accelerated age-related hearing loss (Henry and Chole, 1980; Hunter and Willott, 1987; Mikaelian, 1979; Spongr et al., 1997; Willott, 1986). This can begin as early as 2 months of age, although audiometric evidence of hearing loss appears w3 months. Taberner and Liberman (2005) compared auditory nerve fiber responses between C57bl/6 (w4 month) and CBA strains (age between 2 and 4 months) and found no differences in spontaneous rates, tuning curves, rate versus level functions, dynamic range, response adaptation, phase-locking, and the relation between spontaneous rate and response properties.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5482, "input_1": "We had initially also used the Chalmers scale [17,18] but abandoned it when the reliability between data abstractors was very poor.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5483, "input_1": "Details of the device characteristics, function and the approach to surgical implantation have been described elsewhere.(7) Patients on pulsatile-flow", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5484, "input_1": "Constitutive heterochromatin (CH) was detected using barium hydroxide (Sumner 1972) and the NORs were detected using silver nitrate staining (Howell and Black 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5485, "input_1": "Recently, Lie and Alsop (2009) found that punishers had parallel but opposite effects to reinforcers using a signal-detection task with human participants.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5486, "input_1": "The author’s rebuttal to the delusional parasitosis literature referenced above, especially that of Shelomi [8] is in 4 sections.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5487, "input_1": "58% of ethnically matched control chromosomes.(8) Examination of the dbSNP shows that the frequency of the rs6746030 polymorphism in control samples is ethnicity dependent: American Caucasians of European descent, 12.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5488, "input_1": "reported that increased eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation leads to decreased NO production and vasodilation and is associated with hypertension.(28) –32 Whether IL-17 affects eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation and endothelial function is unknown.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5489, "input_1": "Between row readouts the pixels can continue accumulating counts if a local counter is present on-pixel [103].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5490, "input_1": "However, some other studies did not support using 18S rRNA gene for species delimitation [28,47,48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5491, "input_1": "We are interested in exploring BPC recognition to aid in the placement of segments in a segment-based speech recognition system in noisy conditions, one idea which was initially demonstrated in [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5492, "input_1": "As TrkB-FL mediates the majority of BDNF’s functions, we next\nexamined the influence of BDNF on myelination in the presence of the Trk receptor inhibitor K252a (Knüsel and Hefti, 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5493, "input_1": "…et al., 2008;Yang et al., 2008; Reyes and Vidal, 2015), seasonal variation (Tunçsiper et al., 2015, Reyes and Vidal, 2015; Gorra et al., 2014), pH value (Tao et al., 2012; He et al., 2012), and the presence and type of vegetation (Huett et al., 2005; Gottschall et al., 2007; Comin et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5494, "input_1": "SSA responses have also been discovered in auditory thalamus (Anderson et al., 2009) and auditory cortex (Von der Behrens et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5495, "input_1": "…clear differences in behavior toward family members and friends (Hamilton 1964; Roberts 2010) and is consistent with previous studies that have found an increase in closeness to parents occurring during the transition to university (Kenny 1987; Pipp et al. 1985; Sullivan and Sullivan 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5496, "input_1": "Initial empirical evidence suggests that a clinical sample of patients with schizophrenia found it easier to reason in the first than in the third person (Bosco et al., 2009a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5497, "input_1": "…control conditions (e.g., Hinton et al., 2004; Kudo et al., 2004; Pouthas et al., 2005), those that have highlight the role of the pre-SMA, IFG, and putamen in processing specifically temporal information (Coull et al., 2004, 2008; Harrington et al., 2010; Morillon et al., 2009; Rao et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5498, "input_1": "…cognitive impairments, for instance in the fields of memory, executive functions and attention, their psychomotor functions showed no discrepancy (Porter et al., 2003).\nimpliCit learning\nBesides working memory, another important component of cognitive functions is implicit learning, which is the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5499, "input_1": "One series of sections was Nissl stained with cresyl violet, whereas a second series of sections was processed to visualize the marker SMI-32, as previously described (Wannier et al. 2005; Beaud et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5500, "input_1": "It has been shown, both in humans and in our experimental animal model of MS, that in this condition there exists a state of low-grade inflammation and an altered inflammatory/stress regulation [12–14, 34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5501, "input_1": "Scp160p acts in concert with the eIF4E-binding protein Eap1p in the so-called SMY2EAP1-SCP160-ASC1 (SESA) network to inhibit translation of POM34 mRNA in response to spindle pole body duplication defects (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5502, "input_1": "Contralateral and ipsilateral motor responses were predominantly elbow flexion and wrist extension, similar to a previous report (Neafsey et al., 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5503, "input_1": "Previous studies have demonstrated that shorter exposures can disrupt recall performance due to incomplete encoding of the memory array, resulting in increases in both swap errors and guessing (Bays et al., 2009, 2011; Emrich & Ferber, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5504, "input_1": "Otherwise numerous CCK2 agonists, including Boc– CCK-4, BC197 (Derrien et al. 1994; Ladurelle et al. 1997)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5505, "input_1": "…largest features in the 150-ms amplitude spectrum correspond to a loss of spectral features previously attributed to hK (Rothschild et al., 1988; Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a), and a gain of features previously attributed to hL (Rothschild et al., 1988; Walter and Braiman, 1994; Chon et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5506, "input_1": "The CB served as positive control tissue for mGluR1, mGluR2, and mGluR4 (15, 30), whereas the OB prominently expresses mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8 (5, 23, 27).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5507, "input_1": "The neuro-protective efficacy of this drug has been reported after different types of lesions in-vitro (Hutter-Paier et al., 1996a,b) and in-vivo (Akai et al., 1992; Masliah et al., 1999; Schwab et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5508, "input_1": "Nevertheless, this downward trend is not observed among HIV-1 infected patients [2, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5509, "input_1": "…Smad4 into a Nuclear Complex with FAST-1\nUpon activin stimulation, Smad2 associates with Smad4, accumulates in the nucleus, and interacts with the DNAbinding protein, FAST-1 or FAST2 (reviewed in Attisano and Wrana, 1998; Kretzschmar and Massagué, 1998; Heldin et al., 1997; Whitman, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5510, "input_1": "Group-specific primers for Bacteroidales order, Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp., and Clostridium sp. were obtained from Wlodarska et al.46 and Prevotella sp. were obtained from Matsuki et al.47 Expression analysis was carried out using the Bio-Rad CFX manager 3.0 (using the DDCt method for relative normalized expression and DCt for relative expression).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5511, "input_1": "In the model-interpolation method [1], an under-trained triphone is re-tuned by interpolating the model with others of less contextdependency , i.e. the left-context, right-context and/or context-independent models, which can be trained more reliably.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5512, "input_1": "This result is similar to those found in studies carried out in clinical/surgical ICUs, where coagulation failure (≤50,000 platelets) did not significantly affect the prognosis of the patient [9, 28, 38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5513, "input_1": "M1R are mainly distributed in the peripheral lung tissue and in the alveolar walls [16] within parasympathetic ganglia and regulate cholinergic transmission [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5514, "input_1": "BmCatD-RNAi also inhibited the programmed cell death of larval gut during pupal stage (Gui et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5515, "input_1": "Interestingly, the RAQ2/RNQ4 region on 5HL is identical to the major QTL previously detected for grain dormancy (i.e., qSDND) in the ND24260  Flagship DH population (Hickey et al., 2012), with the allele for both QTL (i.e., grain dormancy and RAQ2/RNQ4) donated by ND24260.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5516, "input_1": "Specifically, Step 1 implements the coordinated competition (Xu, 1998a), which has different simplified forms for specific qðxly; ‘Þ and qðy;‘Þ: For the case of Eq.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5517, "input_1": "While beaked whales and large delphinids produce clicks with comparable energy flux source levels (Madsen et al. 2004, Zimmer et al. 2005, Au et al. 2007), they may hunt in quite different ambient noise environments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5518, "input_1": "These values lie in the range of average moment arm values for the index finger reported in An et al. (1983) and Valero-Cuevas et al. (1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5519, "input_1": "The most likely explanation for the lethal phenotype is that GAG chain biosynthesis is blocked; this is consistent with reduced Wg signaling (Haerry et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5520, "input_1": "When the findings are compared to results obtained for organic strawberries and table grapes by Arce (2010), Cerda et al. (2012) and Cerda et al. (2011), it is evident that the calculated WTPs vary considerably among different types of fruit.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5521, "input_1": "Periplasmic, cytoplasmic and membrane fractions from E. coli cells were prepared as described (Neu & Heppel, 1965), using ice-cold 1 mM MgCl2 instead of water to reduce the amount of shock-released cytoplasmic proteins (Hantash & Earhart, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5522, "input_1": "report that the rate of MPOD increase correlates with the plateau level of serum lutein or zeaxanthin concentration and that absorption into serum was lower with zeaxanthin than with an equal dosage of lutein [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5523, "input_1": "For non-dominated sorting, we also used for comparison the three state-of-the-art algorithms, namely, Best Order Sort [20], the k-d tree-based algorithm called ENS-NDT [9], and the hybrid algorithm combining the divide-and-conquer idea [2] and the ENS algorithm [26] similar to how this was done in this paper.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5524, "input_1": "The pentamer is released as an acute phase reactant upon stimulation by IL-6 or other markers of cellular stress and injury [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5525, "input_1": "Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio were chosen as follows [20, 21]: enamel, 90 GPa and 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5526, "input_1": "This is reinforced by a large literature on human-computer interface design (Brinck et al. 2002; Shneiderman 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5527, "input_1": "…stress in schizophrenia (Figure 1), the results reported here may indicate that the DA-dependent restitutive system, which normally decreases its own activity in the face of stress, may be disrupted or already down-regulated in schizophrenia, as previously predicted (Friedhoff 1985, 1986, 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5528, "input_1": "Cell culture and transfection\nThe mouse neuronal hybrid cell line MN-1 was cultured and transfected as previously described (Drews et al. 2005), using 50 ng of test plasmid, 10 ng of control plasmid (pRLSV40, Promega), and the Fugene 6 transfection reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5529, "input_1": "MD simulations were carried out on the clusters of personal computers (CROW) at the National Institute of Chemistry in Ljubljana [34], using the CHARMM biomolecular simulation program [35] and CHARMMing web server [36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5530, "input_1": "2004) but MBs are more frequently found in sheep hearts (Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004) than human hearts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5531, "input_1": "In vivo recordings show that the firing rate of Purkinje cells is modulated during behavior within a range as high as 250 spikes per second (sp/s) and as low as 5 sp/s (Lisberger and Fuchs 1978).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5532, "input_1": "Because the majority of EBV PTLDs and ARLs express LMP-1 (5–7), it is not surprising that Bcl-2 is overexpressed in these tumors (19, 20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5533, "input_1": "Indeed, it has been demonstrated that ADAM17 deficiency leads to protection against lethal shock by LPS (53, 54), whereas iRhom2-deficient mice, in which ADAM17 cannot be activated, failed to control the replication of the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (55).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5534, "input_1": "In the network resulting from all these interactions—the human interactome—the cellular components, such as proteins, RNA, or metabolites, serve as nodes and their interactions are\ncommonly depicted as edges (Schadt 2009; Barabási et al 2011; Caldera et al 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5535, "input_1": "Examples include Barry (1974), Brown (1976), Bawa, Brown and Klein (1979), Jobson, Korkie, and Ratti (1979), Jobson and Korkie (1980), Jorion (1985; 1986), McKinlay and Pastor (2000), Goldfarb and Iyengar (2003), Ledoit and Wolf (2004), Garlappi, Uppal, and Wang (2007), and Kan and Zhou (2007)…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5536, "input_1": "A similar pattern in the response of n-3 and n-6 PUFA to the maternal diet supplemented with salmon oil was reported by other authors (Arbuckle and Innis, 1993; Fritsche et al. 1993; Rooke et al., 2001; Lauridsen and Jensen, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5537, "input_1": "levels in the medium also influence the transcription of the ech42 endochitinase gene (Donzelli and Harman 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5538, "input_1": "Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests27 (SH test) and approximately unbiased tests28 (AU; Shimodaira 2002) were performed with Treefinder to test the tree topologies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5539, "input_1": "SQP methods date back to Wilson [14] and were popularized by Han [12] and Powell [13], see [8, Chapter 12.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5540, "input_1": "A similar pattern of CF labeling was observed with Tbx18-Cre (5), another epicardial-specific Cre driver (Supplemental Figure 4, B and C).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5541, "input_1": "Long QT syndrome approach, described by Allegue et al. (2010) [10] was used for the genetic mutation screening on KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A genes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5542, "input_1": "in a very recent paper [24], where Hidden Markov Chain inference techniques are used to point out dummy operations from real ones, discarding almost perfectly the countermeasure proposed in [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5543, "input_1": "In B. subtilis perRBS mutant, the expression level of fur is known to be less than one-third of those of katA, mrgA, and ahpC (Fuangthong et al., 2002; Faulkner et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5544, "input_1": "brucei despite the lack of a functional Krebs cycle in BF developmental stages of this parasite (12, 18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5545, "input_1": "18 of cells that will develop into the procambium (Carland and Nelson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5546, "input_1": "Constraint-induced therapy is increasingly being utilized following injury for the benefit of improved upper limb mobility and has been reviewed by Andersen et al.(111) Using the unilateral ligation model in mice, Rha et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5547, "input_1": "Definition 0.2.1 The stratified bisimulation relations (Milner, 1980; Hennessy and Milner, 1985) ∼k⊆ Pr× Pr for k ∈ N are defined as follows:\n• E ∼0 F for all E,F ∈ Pr • E ∼k+1 F iff for each a ∈ Act: if E\na−→ E′ then there is F ′ ∈ Pr such that F a−→ F ′ and E′ ∼k F ′; and if F a−→ F ′ then there…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5548, "input_1": "The gene encoding the spike protein of CoVs is an important gene responsible for viral entry and therefore has been extensively studied (Sun et al., 2008; Belouzard et al, 2012; Li et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2014; Li, 2015; Liu et al, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5549, "input_1": "Only one study had evaluated serum PCT concentrations in 53 women with preterm labour compared to 31 healthy pregnant women [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5550, "input_1": "Asthma control was measured by the ACT, as previously described.(37) Self-reported healthcare seeking was elicited by asking participants how many times in the last year they had consulted HCPs regarding their asthma or needed to use emergency medical services due to their asthma (including being hospitalised, calling an ambulance, being sent to the hospital by their GP/asthma specialist doctor and staying overnight in hospital), and if they had, how many days their asthma had led them to be hospitalised in the last year.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5551, "input_1": "In order to find the MAP between two steady states, we follow the minimum action method in [42] to compute the numerical solutions with the time interval [0, 100].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5552, "input_1": "…shows early termination of vascular elongation, while the cvl1 mutant resembles wild type, suggesting an unequal redundancy in which CVP2 plays a more significant role in PtdIns(4,5)P2 degradation and PtdIns(4)P production (Carland and Nelson, 2009; Carland et al., 1999; Carland and Nelson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5553, "input_1": "Varying the TE makes it possible to probe compartment-specific T2 (whose decay Ferizi et al. (2015) finds to be monoexponential at the voxel level), an investigation which would be impossible with a single TE.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5554, "input_1": "Mammalian T1Rs and T2Rs, which are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are expressed in taste bud cells (Adler et al. 2000; Hoon et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5555, "input_1": "Among the pediatric Berlin ExCor population, the use of a steroid protocol has been noted to decrease the degree of inflammatory markers which trigger the coagulation cascade and was associated with a modest decrease in the incidence of cerebrovascular events [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5556, "input_1": "Riboprobe complementary to a region in the subgenomic virus RNA was generated from AflII-linearized pGSV.SS (Trgovcich et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5557, "input_1": "The beat-to-beat spectral estimation analysis was based on the discrete wavelet transform using Gabor basis wavelet (18) and 256-event data.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5558, "input_1": "More specifically, system quality can directly or indirectly predict individuals’ perceived benefits from using an IS [19, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5559, "input_1": "Phase 2 is a cessation of firing that is generated by premotor inhibitory synaptic events local to each abdominal ganglion and intrinsic spike frequency adaptation of the motoneurons (Chapple and Krans 2004; Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5560, "input_1": "Previous studies have suggested recording electrograms over at least 5 s to increase the accuracy of fractionation and DF assessment.(6,7) For the purpose of this study, we assessed degree of fractionation as a continuous variable by CFE-mean analysis to include all data between the range of 40 and 300 ms so as to include as wide a range of AF electrograms as possible.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5561, "input_1": "Various models exist, but often form around two schools, namely implicit [4, 19] and explicit [1, 15], depending on how the query aspects are accounted for in the retrieved documents.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5562, "input_1": "Previous research has also shown that hypophosphorylated 4E-BP1, which is prevalent in serumdeprived cells, has an increased affinity for eIF4E, resulting in a decreased interaction of eIF4E with eIF4G, a concomitant decrease in eIF4F complex assembly and cap-dependent translation (47).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5563, "input_1": "Starting 3 days before the experiments, 4 h tail-restraint periods were performed each day [16] by pulling the tail through a tail-sized hole in the cage and securing it to a horizontal Plexiglass support.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5564, "input_1": "It is noteworthy that accumulation of ethidium bromide may be affected by causes other than diminished efflux pump activity; as an example, increased permeability to ethidium bromide due to physical changes of the cell envelope.(7,8,25) If one is to assess efflux of ethidium bromide and conditions that affect it, one must first employ conditions which promote the accumulation of ethidium bromide.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5565, "input_1": "The Cross Entropy (CE) Method: CE (Rubinstein and Kroese, 2004) is an iterative method whose goal is to optimize a function f parameterized by a vector θ ∈ Θ by direct search in the parameter space Θ. Figure 7 contains the pseudo-code of the CE algorithm used in our experiments (Szita and Lőrincz, 2006; Thiery and Scherrer, 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5566, "input_1": "Pk also physically interacts with Vang, and this interaction leads to the clustering of Vang on the opposite side of the cell (Bastock et al., 2003; Jenny et al., 2003; Strutt et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5567, "input_1": "Coercion was measured using the MacArthur Perceived Coercion Scale (MPCS) [20] and patient satisfaction with services measured using the client satisfaction questionnaire [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5568, "input_1": "Furthermore, hypercellular spindle cell areas resembling fibrosarcoma have been described in both SEF and LGFMS (Evans, 1987, 1993; Meis-Kindblom et al., 1995; Antonescu et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5569, "input_1": "(51) is simplified into\nHðp; qÞ ¼ 1 N XN t¼1 0:5 lnjWðxtÞWTðxtÞj þ ln qðytÞ ; ð109Þ\nwhich is exactly the cost function that leads to the nonlinear LPM-ICA algorithm (or particularly the LPM-ICA algorithm at the special case f ðrÞ ¼ r) (Xu, Yang, & Amari, 1996; Xu, 1998b; Xu et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5570, "input_1": "28 The HNTs and DB-HNTs were prepared using a modified procedure.(27) Experimentally, 20 mg of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) (HAuCl4) was dissolved in 10 mL of 1-octadecene containing 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5571, "input_1": "The protocol will also detail a general method for peptide synthesis of SecPh-containing peptides (5) as well as two methods for the oxidative elimination of SecPh to form Dha (6).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5572, "input_1": "This i Attribution License (http://creativecommons.or in any medium, provided the original work is p\nthe formation and evolution of meteorite parent bodies (Ebihara et al. 2011; Nagao et al. 2011; Nakamura et al. 2011; Noguchi et al. 2011; Tsuchiyama et al. 2011; Yurimoto et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5573, "input_1": "That AONs are a promising therapeutic tool was recently shown in phase I and phase I/II clinical trials in DMD (Goemans et al., 2011; Cirak et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5574, "input_1": "On these grounds, anti-HER2 therapy (associated with traditional chemotherapy) is recommended for advanced HER2-positive GC and BAc [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5575, "input_1": "Furthermore, for thin clouds under pristine conditions, as often found in the Arctic, increased particle concentrations due to pollution can lead to clouds that increase surface warming from longwave emission (Garrett et al., 2002; Garrett and Zhao, 2006; Mauritsen et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5576, "input_1": "Individual members of the formin family have been shown to mediate formation of functionally distinct actin structures in cells, including SFs, filopodia, isotropic cortical actin networks, and mitochondria-associated actin (Skau and Waterman 2015; Campellone and Welch 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5577, "input_1": "An additional motivation to the exclusive use of ASP stems from the recent observation [11,12] that describing an algorithm using a transition system instead of pseudocode makes it easier to prove its properties, compare it with other algorithms, and design new algorithms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5578, "input_1": "Some STEC strains are regarded as emerging food-borne pathogens of significant clinical and public health concern (Kawano et al., 2012), which are the leading cause of several human illnesses ranging from symptom-free carriage to hemorrhagic colitis and even life-threatening sequelae such as…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5579, "input_1": "In prairie and barrens, we categorized the species by habitat niche breadth (Swengel 1996, 1998b): (1) specialist (restricted or nearly so to herbaceous flora in prairie and/or savanna; sensitive to vegetative quality); (2) grassland species (widely inhabiting both native and degraded herbaceous…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5580, "input_1": "Haploid and uniparentally inherited cpDNA is usually thought to be a\nsingle ‘locus’ that is nonrecombining (Petit et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5581, "input_1": "Nowadays, measurement of serum CA125 is considered essential for monitoring response to treatment (Van der Berg et al, 1988; Tuxen et al, 1995; Rustin et al, 1996) but has a limited value for general population screening (Tuxen et al, 1995; Zanotti and Kennedy, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5582, "input_1": "Identification of consensus driver genes Framing the stage of tumor as the unit of analysis, we used the following tools to identify driver genes: ActiveDriver[8], Dendrix[9], MDPFinder[10], Simon[11], Netbox[12], OncodriveFM [13], MutSigCV [14], and MEMo [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5583, "input_1": "Cardiopulmonary anatomy of sheep is mainly similar to the humans (Bianco et al. 2004) but MBs are more frequently found in sheep hearts (Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004) than human hearts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5584, "input_1": "At the start of a simulation run, the simulator does not immediately exhibit typical behaviour of the system, primarily due to starting conditions [13, 12, 11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5585, "input_1": "In a study that determined the response of the spine to sudden loads causing sagittal flexion, it was found that abdominal muscles rapidly responded to the sudden load with a large increase in muscle activation (Krajcarski et al., 1999). Also, Krajcarski et al. concluded that increases in EMG amplitudes of abdominal and trunk extensor muscles were determined predominantly by the added load magnitude and not the pre-loads. Chiang (in press) conducted a similar study with the difference being the trunk motion investigated was lateral bend instead of trunk flexion. Similar to Krajcarski et al. (1999), Chiang (in press) concluded that increased muscular activity due to pre-loads leads to increases in trunk muscle stiffness and spine stability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5586, "input_1": "To evaluate the proposed algorithm, three annotation refinement methods were compared: WordNet-based method (WNM) [14], Random Walk with Restarts model (RWRM) [22], and the proposed content-based image annotation refinement (CIAR) algorithm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5587, "input_1": "The mutation rates we measured in pandemic V. parahaemolyticus were similar to those observed in E. coli O157:H7 and Y. pestis by PSPE; values observed were from 3.461026 to\n4.061024 for E. coli and 8.561026 to 3.761024 for Y. pestis [31,32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5588, "input_1": "However, previous work has demonstrated that the assumption of a cylindrical shape provides a useful approximation [9,31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5589, "input_1": "…a friend or romantic partner of the observer, cue-based paradigms may arguably generate, in agreement with related observations (Cheng et al., 2010; Cikara and Fiske, 2011; Hein and Singer, 2008; Lamm et al., 2011; Singer et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2009), stronger empathic…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5590, "input_1": "The same result is predicted by conventional theories of magnetic polarons in 2D [9, 11, 12]; But in that case the severe modification of the bandwidth of the hole, from 8t for a free holon to an expression ‚àù Jx, is usually interpreted as a consequence of strong polaronic mass renormalization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5591, "input_1": "good accommodation for the additive channel noise in the transmission system, if a optimum step size is applied [34,56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5592, "input_1": "For the actual imaging experiments reported, we used 720 5 nm illumination (see Schiessl and McLoughlin 2003a for details).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5593, "input_1": ", 2008; Cahill, 2006; Camarata and Woodcock, 2006) and animals (Clark et al., 2000a,b; Fitch et al., 1993b; Herman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5594, "input_1": "The terms (words and phrases) in the web pages are stemmed and filtered through the stop list [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5595, "input_1": "This finding is consistent with those from a previous study on Giardia infection in Peru (19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5596, "input_1": "pombe (Figure 3), consistent with the previous result of He et al. (1998). Expression of high levels of exogenous RanBP1 (m) and RBD (Sp) also inhibited cell proliferation (Figure 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5597, "input_1": "PCR surveys have demonstrated their value for preliminary identification of Hox genes in various animals [6,11,12,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5598, "input_1": "Sources of MT include the methylation of sulfide in anoxic habitats, demethiolation of sulfhydryl groups and degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids (Lomans et al., 2001, 2002; Bentley and Chasteen, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5599, "input_1": "Cerebral saturation in the earlier study (mean6standard deviation: 58%613% ) [37] compares well with both the first (56%610%) and the second (62%66%) layer values, as well as the homogenous values (64%68%) reported here.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5600, "input_1": "Auditory stimuli were generated on a PC outside the MR environment using the BrainStim software package (Brain Products, Munich) and conducted via a pair of plastic tubes into a set of headphones placed over the subjects’ ears [55, 56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5601, "input_1": "…come from PVWatts, a publicly available engineering tool that predicts solar electricity generation for different locations and solar system configurations.47 I construct estimates of lifetime solar generation based\n46This calculation of external benefits builds on Gillingham and Tsvetanov (2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5602, "input_1": "Many phenotypic traits that are critical to microbial fitness and expected to play important roles in structuring microbial communities are highly variable among closely related microbial taxa (Oda et al., 2002; Davelos et al., 2004a; Al Dahouk et al., 2012; Schlatter et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5603, "input_1": "32] using the fibreoptic-based PMOD5000 instrument (Oxygen Enterprises Ltd, Philadelphia, PA, USA) [33] and the novel oxygen microsensor [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5604, "input_1": "However, hypocapnic responses of central airways appear to involve an additional contribution of cholinergic reflexes [3, 5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5605, "input_1": "The results from the present series are also broadly comparable to independent reports on the Oxford UKR, which have observed between 21% and 54% of revisions were performed for aseptic loosening (19,21,24), as well as those studies including a range of different UKR prostheses and reporting revision for aseptic loosening in 44% to 67% of cases (3,22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5606, "input_1": "br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5607, "input_1": "These results contrast with those found by previous studies in young adults (Aznarez-Sanado et al. 2013; Doyon et al. 2002; Fernández-Seara et al. 2009; Lehéricy et al. 2005; Müller et al. 2002) where prefrontal regions diminished their activity as learning progressed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5608, "input_1": "Motivation Today, camera identification based on sensor fingerprint is a mature area of research [1, 7, 10, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5609, "input_1": "Database and online tools: Polymorphism Phenotyping (PolyPhen) [25-27] and Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT) [28] were used to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of sequence alterations at the protein level.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5610, "input_1": "We use the parallel prefix sum, filter and integer sorting routines from the Problem Based Benchmark Suite [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5611, "input_1": "For pancreatic cancer, current existing molecular imaging techniques include positron emission tomography (PET) [5–8], single-photon emission", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5612, "input_1": "This effect is virtually identical to what was reported for cells treated with cyclodextrin (Pontier et al., 2008; Allen et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5613, "input_1": "Results from a RCT assessing in-person post-test genomic counseling on 199 OSU-CMPC participants were published previously [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5614, "input_1": "The Cross Entropy (CE) Method: CE (Rubinstein and Kroese, 2004) is an iterative method whose goal is to optimize a function f parameterized by a vector θ ∈ Θ by direct search in the parameter space Θ. Figure 7 contains the pseudo-code of the CE algorithm used in our experiments (Szita and Lőrincz, 2006; Thiery and Scherrer, 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5615, "input_1": "certain qualitative and quantitative performance metrics as explained in RFC 2501 [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5616, "input_1": "…most frequently encountered in biofilms during treatment of alkylbenzene vapors in\nbioreactors belong to the genus Pseudomonas, either because of their natural growth or as a result of initial inoculation (Ergas et al. 1994, 1995; Mirpuri et al. 1997; Pedersen et al. 1997; Veir et al. 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5617, "input_1": "In petunia, the elucidation of MADS box protein dimer and higher order complex formation is well under way (Ferrario et al., 2003; Immink et al., 2003), and there is an extensive body of research that has used ectopic expression and/or cosuppression studies to identify floral developmental…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5618, "input_1": "However, with the advent of modern machine learning approaches, the opportunity now exists to analyze such complex high-dimensional spectral patterns (7, 46) and to extract an answer to a question of biological interest with much lower dimensionality, i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5619, "input_1": "When we compare the sponge species composition of the caves studied with that of other Mediterranean caves (e.g. Marseilles caves, Pouliquen, 1972; Harmelin & Vacelet, 1997; and Migtigliano cave, Balduzzi et al., 1989), we ¢nd that the number of species in common is generally low, and decreases…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5620, "input_1": "…surface expression of NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor\nEphB2 is known to control the surface expression of the NMDAR NR1 subunit in hippocampal neurons (Ciss e et al., 2011; Nolt et al., 2011), expression necessary for the induction of a robust form of long-term hippocampal potentiation (Klein, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5621, "input_1": "…target sentences more fluently in the matched than in the mixed or literal contexts, which is consistent with prior work on the role of context in metaphor processing (Gerrig & Healy, 1983; Gibbs & Gerrig, 1989; Giora, 2003; Nayak & Gibbs, 1990; Ortony et al., 1978; Thibodeau & Durgin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5622, "input_1": "Homogeneity of trials was assessed visually [29] because heterogeneity tests have been shown to be unhelpful [30, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5623, "input_1": "Novel environment 3 is not illustrated in the figures, but details can be found in Wilson et al. (2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5624, "input_1": "The patients were selected from medical records according the criteria used by Kaplan et al. (1990). Lesion site was determined by neurological examination and computerized transaxial tomography (CT scan).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5625, "input_1": "These proteins show a high accumulation in response to water deWcit and ABA treatments in the cell walls of bean plants (Covarrubias et al. 1995; García-Gómez et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5626, "input_1": "1), and the products were assembled with SacIdigested pWAV7 using the CBA protocol (Gibson et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5627, "input_1": "The relatively fast kinetics of carbonate formation is also in agreement with the results of Hardison et al. (2004) who reported lead carbonate formation on lead or lead oxide in an alkaline soil within weeks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5628, "input_1": "05], and the shape factor, C (reflecting the maintained initial rate of licking), was significantly increased by SDA [F(1,11), 5 18.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5629, "input_1": "The validate the effectiveness of the proposed Sr-UDFS, we compare it with several state-of-the-art unsupervised feature selection methods, which includes LapScore (He, Cai, and Niyogi 2006), SPFS (Zhao et al. 2013), UDFS (Yang et al. 2011), MCFS (Cai, Zhang, and He 2010), RUFS (Qian and Zhai 2013), and JELSR (Hou et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5630, "input_1": "We used 12 SRNs in each condition, mirroring the number of subjects used by Slobin and Bever (1982).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5631, "input_1": "Although it is difficult to compare the findings of studies because differences in the definitions of success or cure, our results are similar to those reported previously [9, 13–16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5632, "input_1": "Their most characteristic feature is a high amount of Enk- and GABA-IR neurons projecting to ndCP and further to tectum [9–11, 26, 47, 78].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5633, "input_1": "In the present study, there is a higher frequency of orthopaedic problems in farmers, in accordance with previous studies that report injuries as the primary occupational health concern in agriculture [11,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5634, "input_1": "Furthermore, our results are consistent with studies that have shown an association of CRP with delirium in non-ICU cohorts [19-21], delirium following stroke [48] and sepsis [49], and delirium in one small study of 32 ICU patients, which did not adjust for confounders [50].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5635, "input_1": "Physiological effects have also been demonstrated to occur at high concentrations of propranolol in water (mg/L range) or after injection [27,51] and inconsistent results have been reported for reproductive endpoints [52,53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5636, "input_1": "…analysis on diagnosis of HD in PD and employed a variety of machine learning techniques and classification analyses to introduce the acoustic analysis as a non-invasive diagnostic marker of PD (Novotny et al. 2014; Orozco-Arroyave et al. 2013a, b; Rusz et al. 2011, 2013b; Smekal et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5637, "input_1": "Our observations concur with previous studies in C. elegans and rodents, which led the authors to conclude that events early in life might dictate life span (Ben-Zvi et al., 2009; Dillin et al., 2002b; Sun et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5638, "input_1": "The rounded and ovoid cell phenotype in tendon and ligament becomes more prominent close to the bone (origin and insertion regions) in ligament (Duthon et al. 2006) and at the osteotendinous junction in tendon (Docking et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5639, "input_1": "ioral disorders and social phobias in children of these patients are significantly higher than healthy controls (25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5640, "input_1": "Reported t-statistics are based on standard errors estimated using the Huber (1967) – White (1980) procedure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5641, "input_1": "A wide class of elastography methods, aiming at measuring and visualizing the elastic properties of tissue [1–9] are based on the remote generation and propagation of longitudinal or shear waves.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5642, "input_1": "Another mass transfer technique for film cooled endwalls was applied by Friedrichs et al. (1996) using the Ammonia-Diazo method for discrete hole film cooling.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5643, "input_1": "[20] found that the enhancement that this procedure would provide in terms of explaining trauma symptoms is limited, and they concluded that the relative gains are not worth the methodological complexity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5644, "input_1": "Among the preparations of BoNT/A on the market, incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) is the only complexing protein-free BoNT/A [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5645, "input_1": "The physical factors like incubation temperature, initial pH and aeration play a vital role in enzyme production as they modulate bacterial growth (Gupta et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5646, "input_1": "Maturation of the locomotor network is delayed in monoamine oxidase A-deficient (Tg8) neonatal mice that display high 5-HT levels in the CNS (Cazalets et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5647, "input_1": "In many studies, red marrow dosimetry is approached with great caution, and a maximum absorbed dose of 2 Gy to the blood (as a red marrow surrogate) is generally accepted [20] for radioiodine treatment of diferentiated thyroid cancer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5648, "input_1": "Since its first description, Scp160p has been implicated in various processes, ranging from the control of cellular ploidy (7) to mating response (8,9), telomeric silencing (10) and control of spindle pole body biogenesis (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5649, "input_1": "Previous work has already shown that ssDNA-RecA filaments formed with ATP as the cofactor are much more flexible than filaments formed with ATP S as the cofactor (23–27) and that multiple separate sequence matched strand exchange products do form (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5650, "input_1": "We have previously published cortical abnormalities in a smaller sample than reported here (Ballmaier et al, 2004a, b, c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5651, "input_1": "On the other hand, whilemuch of the research in this direction is focused on understanding the data geometry, the theoretical foundations for the problems of function approximation and harmonic analysis on such data-defined manifold are developed extensively inMaggioni andMhaskar [8], Filbir andMhaskar [42, 43], Mhaskar [44, 45] and Chui and Mhaskar [46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5652, "input_1": "Cleft surgeons commonly present 10 consecutive lip repairs, although the basis for this sample size remains unproven (McComb, 1985; Boo-Chai, 1987; Lohmander-Agerskov et al., 1990; Bertolini et al., 2000; Haramoto et al., 2000; Braumann et al., 2001; AlQattan, 2002; Braumann et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2004; McComb, 2009; Tindlund et al., 2009; Grasseschi, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5653, "input_1": "Tuch et al [47] gave the first treatment of separation logic that unified the byte-level and logical views of memory in Isabelle/HOL.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5654, "input_1": "MD simulations show atomistic models of many stable misfolded hairpins, triplexes and GQs (60,61).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5655, "input_1": "Physical functioning was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) comprising balance tests with the aim to be able to maintain standing balance for ten seconds in three different positions, a timed four meter walk and a timed chair stand test [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5656, "input_1": "Data from 2 studies not considered in the Cal-20 bet and Landry analysis, Verity and Vernet (1992) and Olson and Strom (2002) were included.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5657, "input_1": "The study by Abeler et al. (2010) has demonstrated this for the case of implicit work contracts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5658, "input_1": "The results also indicated that mecamylamine treatment decreased nicotine self-administration in all subjects, consistent with previous studies (Martin et al. 1990; Donny et al. 1995; Watkins et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5659, "input_1": ", tingling or itching) associated with stimulation without any after-effects of stimulation being induced (Nitsche and Paulus, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5660, "input_1": "Signaling promotes MPO surface expression\nAlthough ion channel clustering provides a route to understanding field detection, it does not account for the metabolic changes noted in our previous studies (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5661, "input_1": "The methods used were Maximum Entropy (MAXENT; Phillips et al. 2006, 2008), Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production (GARP; Stockwell and Noble 1992) and Mahalanobis distances (Farber and Kadmon 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5662, "input_1": "To identify V1 for recording, we used transcranial imaging of callosal connections (Wang et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5663, "input_1": "Studies also demonstrated that increasing expression of MIF protein was associated with poor prognosis in NPC patients [37,38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5664, "input_1": "In agreement with our results (102 samples, 24/8), Leal-Klevezas et al (2000) also detected as positive a higher number of milk samples by PCR assay when compared to bacteriological culture methods (17 samples, 11/0).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5665, "input_1": "Their observations led to hypothesis that CRT represents a universal mediator of fast plasmodesmata closure that plays a key role in cell-to-cell transport, as it was originally\nsuggested (Baluška et al. 1999, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5666, "input_1": "Altogether, the inflammatory environment can be described as pro-thrombotic, and pro-proliferative as it promotes platelet aggregation to the site of injury and cell growth respectively (4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5667, "input_1": "Collected plasma was stored at 80°C, and part of it was already used in a previous study (44) aimed at the determination of the effectiveness of IL-1Ra therapy in the treatment of HF patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5668, "input_1": "6), we had used different cohorts on each test day, but we subsequently verified that 2 or 3 tests can be performed in the same animals without affecting incubation (data not shown), as also found previously (Lu et al., 2004a; Li et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5669, "input_1": "The systemic arterial section consists of the aortic, thoracic and abdominal compartment and is modelled as described in [14, 65] with RLC circuits (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5670, "input_1": "At the server, we adopt some techniques in VAST system [3, 4] for building a prototype fast.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5671, "input_1": "Apocynin is an effective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase [17] by preventing p47phox assembly to the enzyme core [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5672, "input_1": "The design and development of the online pharmaceutical service was based on the Dáder methodology for pharmaceutical care and Service Experiment Blueprint concepts, enabling the design of service characteristics and functionalities required by chronic patients [39, 42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5673, "input_1": "6 See for example studies of Morocco by Haddad and Harrison (1993); Venezuela by Aitken and Harrison (1999); Bulgaria and Romania by Konings (2000); Russia by Yudaeva et al. (2003); the Czech Republic by Kosova (2004); and China by Abraham, Konings and Slootmaekers (2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5674, "input_1": "The majority of breeding female kin settles in close spatial proximity (on average, 72% of close kin are established within a females’ 30-m home range; see Viblanc et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5675, "input_1": "[2] proposed two metrics to generalize FTLE in uncertain unsteady flows: D-FTLE and FTLE-D.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5676, "input_1": "It creates the final layout of the biochip, consisting of the placement of microfluidic modules such as mixers and storage units, the routes that droplets take between different modules, and other geometrical details [53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5677, "input_1": "These results suggested that an ABI,0.9 and high baPWV might be related to LVH. Previous studies had reported that a low ABI might be related to the interarm SBP difference and LVH [4,33,34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5678, "input_1": "It has been reported that SB243213, a selective 5-HT2C neutral antagonist (Bromidge et al. 2000), reversed the subchronic PCP-induced impairment in rat reversal learning (McLean et al. 2009a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5679, "input_1": "Src family kinases also play important roles in the spatial control of ROS production by cells through regulation of NADPH oxidases (11, 12, 14, 24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5680, "input_1": "Among them one of the most widely used is the residual network (ResNet) [8], which uses short cut to alleviate training difficulties of very deep networks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5681, "input_1": "The rationale behind the proposed solution is that autoencoders are able to capture a reduced dimensionality representation of the input data, still retaining important characteristic information, as shown in [27, 28] for forensic purposes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5682, "input_1": "This situation has been described for emerging CXCR4-using viruses later in disease progression, and was found to correlate with a decline of diversity [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5683, "input_1": ", 2012), and the presence and type of vegetation (Huett et al., 2005; Gottschall et al., 2007; Comin et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5684, "input_1": "Cyclin A and PCNA expression have been shown to be up-regulated during S phase in numerous cells, including hepatocytes (24, 27, 28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5685, "input_1": "This could be attributed to interindividual differences in the bioavailability of ingested pyrene, extent of pyrene transformation to 1- OHP, and polymorphism of drug-metabolizing enzymes (Viau et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5686, "input_1": "3 China’s role in Apple’s global supply chain (e.g., Linden et al., 2009; Dedrick et al., 2010) have received a great deal of attention.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5687, "input_1": "The proportion of long-chain poly-unsaturated FAs (in particular arachidonic acid, 20:4 n-6) and the average degree of FA unsaturation in skeletal muscle membrane PLs has been shown to correlate positively with insulin sensitivity (Borkman et al., 1993; Pan et al., 1995), whereas the proportion of 16:0 in both skeletal muscle PLs and TGs correlated negatively with insulin sensitivity (Vessby et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5688, "input_1": "The Topic model (Griffiths et al., 2007; Steyvers & Griffiths, 2007) is based on the idea that context regions are collections of words that have been sampled from a mixture of latent topics.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5689, "input_1": "It was estimated that among a total of 288,009 hospitalized survivors of neurotrauma in the United States in 2003, 124,626 patients developed long-term disability resulting in significant demand on rehabilitation services (Selassie et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5690, "input_1": "The reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics is a three-step mechanism containing three separate steps: (i) binding the enzyme E to the substrate S, (ii) the reversible catalytic conversion between the enzyme-substrate ES and the enzyme-product EP complexes, and (iii) binding of the enzyme E to product P (Heinrich and Schuster, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5691, "input_1": "Pain Relief/Disability/QoL Improvement With the exception of the 2 NEJM RCTs and a smaller RCT that reported no benefit of VP versus SHAM [4, 5] or NSM [11, 12] the vast majority of prospective comparative studies (Tables 1 and 2) support the superiority of VAPs versus NSM [13–27], with only 1 newer study reporting better results from KP until the 1st postoperative month and then equivalence [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5692, "input_1": "In addition, convergent studies (Langleben et al. 2001; Rubia et al. 2005; Silk et al. 2016; Team 2000) have reported that the pathophysiology of ADHD exhibits abnormalities in neural systems that are mainly related to cognitive control and motor functions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5693, "input_1": "…plants exposed to increased content of non humified nutrients can be affected by many mechanisms, such as damages in chloroplast ultrastructure, carbon supply depletion and disturbances in photosynthesis, which may result in stunted root growth and leaf chlorosis (Bitts anszky et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5694, "input_1": ", 1994; Meijer, 1996) and by RNAi (Fire et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1999; Grishok et al., 2000; Klink and Wolniak, 2000; Klink and Wolniak, 2001), using dsRNA probes derived from cyclin A and from cyclin B cDNAs that we isolated from a M.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5695, "input_1": "In mammalian cells, cyclin D–CDK4/6 and cyclin E–CDK2 complexes are required to promote cell cycle entrance from quiescence, progression through the G1 phase and transition from G1 into S phase in response tomitogenic stimulation (Sherr, 1995; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Chulu and Liu, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5696, "input_1": "In fact, their basis are MP grammars, where multiset transformations are regulated by functions in a deterministic way [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5697, "input_1": "Bone from McCune-Albright syndrome patients shows a fibrous infiltrate, significant increases in trabecular bone formation, ablation of the marrow cavity, and an increased propensity to deformation and fracture [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5698, "input_1": "Thus, while the current study reproduces the spectral EEG changes induced by propofol in more detail than (Hutt and Longtin, 2010) which did not focus on reproducing spectral EEG peaks themselves, but instead on bi-phasic power changes, it is limited to the first phase of the bi-phasic response.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5699, "input_1": "TfMA had lower sequence identity of 33~27% with α-amylase II from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (Tonozuka et al. 1993), maltogenic amylase from Thermus sp. IM6501 (Kim et al. 1999), neopullulanase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Cheong et al. 2002), glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima (Lee et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5700, "input_1": "It has proven a suitable method for determining the content of a CPT curriculum.(14,15,17) The modified Delphi process took place between January and July 2017 and comprised the following: a systematic literature search; selection of a European expert panel; and development of a Web-based questionnaire and its modification in two consecutive rounds followed by a face-to-face meeting and final round.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5701, "input_1": "Others implicitly set γ ≡ 0 to investigate the relationship between damages and socioeconomic vulnerability; see Kellenberg and Mobarak (2008), Bakkensen (2013), Bakkensen and Mendelsohn (2016) and Geiger et al. (2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5702, "input_1": "…have been based on unselected populations of animals although it might be more productive to study this issue in animals that show an innate predisposition to express high or low levels of anxiety\n18 Introduction\n(Brush, 2003; Landgraf & Wigger, 2002; Lister, 1990; Steimer & Driscoll, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5703, "input_1": "subtilis perRBS mutant, the expression level of fur is known to be less than one-third of those of katA, mrgA, and ahpC (Fuangthong et al., 2002; Faulkner et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5704, "input_1": "Immunoprecipitation and western blot Protein extraction, western blots and immunoprecipitations were performed as previously described (Pentimalli et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5705, "input_1": "The high concentration of Ca activates mitochondrial calcium-sensitive K channels (mtKca) and mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS), which increases the levels of nitric oxide (NO) (Figure 3) [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5706, "input_1": "Responses of several NTD models to various nutrients have been tested, with some showing responsiveness and others resistance to supplementation or to deprivation [21-26,28,34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5707, "input_1": "Moreover, a resting state functional connectivity analysis showed that the TPJa and TPJp are embedded in different functional networks: the right TPJa activity interacted with the bilateral IPL, the ventral prefrontal network, and the anterior insula, which are often associated with ventral attention network [41,44], while the right TPJp interacted with the posterior cingulate, the temporal pole, and the anterior medial prefrontal cortex, which are often implicated in social cognition [45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5708, "input_1": "Moreover, still others have reported that the selective inhibition of Ang-2 activity promotes blood reperfusion following ischaemia through the recruitment of inflammatory cells and combination with VEGF [5, 9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5709, "input_1": "ATP7A and ATP7B are P1B-type ATPases, which use the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to transport Cu across Golgi membranes (Jayakanthan et al. 2017; Lutsenko et al. 2008; Yatsunyk and Rosenzweig 2007; Yu et al. 2017b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5710, "input_1": "The cluster goodness can be additionally evaluated through measuring the purity, entropy and F-Measure [23, 24, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5711, "input_1": "According with our previous results (Orihuela & Croxatto 2001, Orihuela et al. 2001, 2003) and those shown in this paper we propose a model indicating that the nongenomic pathway utilised by E2 to accelerate oviductal transport of oocytes in cycling rats involves successive activation of the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5712, "input_1": "These studies have generally found that cells from immature ventricles, compared with adult myocytes, display 1) a reduction in the density of outward K currents (28, 51), 2) greater activity and expression of Na /Ca(2) exchange (NCX) (2), and 3) intracellular Ca(2) transients that depend less on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2) release and more on transmembrane Ca(2) influx (21, 32).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5713, "input_1": "Amino acid residues involved in the iron binding site of dioxygenases (Britsch et al., 1993) are conserved in the above-mentioned dioxygenases (asterisks in Figure 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5714, "input_1": "Mechanistically, gametic and somatic DMRs both require the maintenance of DNA methylation by DNMT1 (Caspary et al., 1998; Bhogal et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5715, "input_1": "The first experiment was purposed for foreign language education (Kanda et al., 2004 d), but there was no mechanism for long-term interaction implemented in Robovie.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5716, "input_1": "The caeca of chicks are the intestinal organs that contain the highest loads of the bacterium (Beery et al.,\n1988; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5717, "input_1": "NP3L [10] is consistently outperformed by our methods, while for UPnP [8] our NPnLupC outperforms it in the noisy cases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5718, "input_1": "Indeed, in response to dual tasking, patients with PD and idiopathic fallers walk more slowly and reduce their average swing times (Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5719, "input_1": "As a covariate, the effect of exercise on parameters was examined both as a two-point proportional effect between the two levels of high intensity and the lesser prolonged intensity [2–4] and also as a single additive effect.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5720, "input_1": "1http://owl.man.ac.uk/factplusplus 2http://kaon2.semanticweb.org/\n The meta-data is generated by code written for SWOOP [9], and provides the details of the expressivity (i.e. the constructs present in the ontology) together with the number of classes, object properties, data properties, individuals, class axioms, property axioms and individual axioms present.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5721, "input_1": "The variables selected for the regression analyses were those that correlated significantly with serum FGF21 or FFAs and those that have been shown to be associated with plasma levels of these proteins [4,9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5722, "input_1": "In rare cases where PCR did not yield amplicons, the primers 63f (50 CAG GCC TAA CAC ATG CAA GTC 30) and 1387r (50 GGG CGG WGT GTA CAA GGC 30) (Marchesi et al. 1998) were used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5723, "input_1": "Proposed approach is compared with supervised variable selection methods: maximum mutual information minimal redundancy (MIMR) method [18] and HITTON_PC and HITTON_MB [19] methods.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5724, "input_1": "We obtained 658–667 bp of mtDNA control region sequences for each species from published data sets (Kulikova et al. 2005, 2012; Peters et al. 2005, 2008, 2012b, 2014; Lavretsky et al. 2014; Table S3, Supporting information), supplementing these data with new sequences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5725, "input_1": "Only 15% cases undergoing cataract surgery in 1995 had IOL implantation while almost 90% of cases had IOL implantation in 2006 [24, 38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5726, "input_1": "There is a significant increase in the levels of cariogenic bacteria in the saliva and plaque of patients undergoing fixed appliance treatment.(21,22) However, during the initial phase of caries growth, S mutans is the most frequently associated microorganism.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5727, "input_1": "These clusters of informative voxels, along with a cluster implicating the occipital cortex, have also been consistently found in neuroimaging studies using statistical parametric mapping (Bush et al., 2000; Colibazzi et al., 2010; Gerber et al., 2008; Hagan et al., 2009; Killgore and Yurgelun-Todd, 2004; Narumoto et al., 2001; Posner et al., 2009; Robins et al., 2009; Wager et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5728, "input_1": "…in the dependability definition (see Section 2.4 below), the attribute safety, since it is also included in the dependability definitions seen in Section 1, is directly included in the definition (see (Rüdiger et al., 2007a) for a definition of the remaining attributes in a behavioral context).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5729, "input_1": "Hence, with the understanding that measuring instruments need to be used by physical therapists in order to objectively quantify alterations affecting mainly the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine, and to establish the criteria for planning and following up their interventions13, the aims of the present study are to investigate (1) the accuracy of the angles of the sagittal curvature from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine obtained using an instrument adapted from the arcometer developed by D’Osualdo, Schierano and Iannis18 by comparing them with those obtained using X-ray examination and (2) the inter-evaluator reproducibility and the intraevaluator reproducibility of the arcometer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5730, "input_1": "Ectopic activation of Hedgehog activity in PDCs was obtained either through expression of a dominant-active version of GLI2 [41] or a dominant-active form of Smoothened (SmoA1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5731, "input_1": "Such training has been shown to reduce resting CRP and IL-6 (Mendham et al. 2014), and improve glycaemic control (Andersen et al. 2014) and body\ncomposition (Andersen et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5732, "input_1": "(Massie and Holland, 1984; Ciaramella and Poli, 2001; Uchitomi et al., 2003; Katz et al., 2004; Ell et al., 2005; Boyd et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Mitchell et al., 2012; Palmer et al., 2012; Pirl et al., 2012; Tada et al., 2012; Warmenhoven et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5733, "input_1": "We ultimately selected a 2007 study using Medicare Advantage data to estimate the direct medical costs attributable to CVD events [26], and a 2002 Canadian study to determine age-specific productivity losses due to events [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5734, "input_1": "In the ISO standard (Bunt et al., 2012), FSs can theoretically be discontinuous or run across turn boundaries.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5735, "input_1": "In crustacean, apart from functioning as a digestive gland, hepatopancreas is also an important immune organ that functions as a primary site to synthesize and excrete immune molecules, such as beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) [16], antibacterial peptide (AMP) [17], lectin or lectin related proteins and others [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5736, "input_1": "…showed that imaging or therapeutic agents larger than the BBB’s exclusion threshold of 400 Da could be successfully delivered by FUS with microbubbles (Alonso et al. 2013; Choi et al. 2007; Choi et al. 2010a; Hynynen et al. 2001; Kinoshita et al. 2006; Marquet et al. 2014; Shen et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5737, "input_1": "Ramirez et al. (2015) reported a lower LOD, thus higher analytical sensitivity, of kDNA PCR compared to Sat-DNA PCR tests for T. cruzi VI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5738, "input_1": "[24] showed that, for this choice of joint feature vector, loss-augmented inference can be performed optimally using an efficient greedy algorithm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5739, "input_1": "SEQUENCE KBT [10] PPM [15] LBPT [20] KCF [9] Proposed Average success rate 164 100 88 165 66", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5740, "input_1": "We undertook the present study because recent availability of new fibroblast markers has reduced the difficulty in addressing this issue (7, 8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5741, "input_1": "In addition, the P-VS profiles of SA1 and SA2 have only one inflection point, at the onset of the average Si-O coordination number’s increase from 6 to 6+ (Brazhkin et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2012; Murakami and Bass 2010, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5742, "input_1": "at least 60–85%) fasting triglycerides, in agreement with previous data obtained in healthy subjects (15, 39).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5743, "input_1": "These results are in keeping with previous research investigating the processing of kana and alphabetic languages (Bolger et al., 2005; Ischebeck et al., 2004; Nakamura et al., 2005; Sakurai et al., 1993, 2000; Tan et al., 2005a; Thuy et al., 2004), as well as kanji and logographic languages…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5744, "input_1": "We compare our results with regular Gibbs sampling (Gibbs) and the approach proposed in Venugopal and Gogate [30] (cgibbs), where they use clustering algorithms such as KMeans to derive an approximate MLN and then sample this MLN using regular Gibbs sampling.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5745, "input_1": "Previous comparisons of transcriptome content [10], gene expression patterns [11-13], and gene function [14,15] between Amborella and other flowering plant species have suggested that much of the floral development program that has been characterized in Arabidopsis, snapdragon and maize existed in the last common ancestor of extant angiosperms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5746, "input_1": "Treatment options include surgical excision, chemotherapy, immunotherapy with rituximab for patients with positive CD 20 immunohistochemistry, or radiosurgery.(1-30) For patients without systemic involvement, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is often used after histopathologic confirmation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5747, "input_1": "For this analysis we use the two SI distributions observed from investigations of the first 100 pH1N1 cases in South Africa [22]: (1) the SI distribution between primary cases and laboratoryconfirmed secondary cases only (39%, 24%, 14%, 17%, 3% and 3% for day 1 to 6 respectively), and (2) the SI distribution between primary cases and suspected plus laboratory-confirmed secondary cases (30%, 17%, 20%, 23%, 7% and 3% for day 1 to 6 respectively).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5748, "input_1": "DAA cases were performed with a slight modification of the technique described by Lovell [15], with anterior capsulotomy and subsequent repair, the use of a standard operating table with a table mounted femoral elevator (Omni-Tract Surgical, St. Paul, Minnesota), selective soft tissue releases based on the mobility of the femur (conjoined tendon was released in most cases and piriformis was released in some), and the use of fluoroscopy in every case for assessing component positioning and limb-lengths.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5749, "input_1": "With data from the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG 8794) for the use of adjuvant radiation therapy in high-risk patients (21), and Messing trial results demonstrating an advantage in survival for long-term ADT in lymph node-positive patients (22), good pathologic data are an important step toward multi-modality approach.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5750, "input_1": "Internal consistency for the PIWSUR total score were reported to be excellent by (Burns et al. 1996) (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92), and for the subscales was fair to good with alphas ranging from 0.77 to 0.88.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5751, "input_1": "Two PTF1 binding sites are present in the 2.3 kb Ptf1a regulatory sequence Sequence analysis of the two highly conserved peaks in the 2.3 kb enhancer revealed the presence of two PTF1 binding sites, referred to here as the proximal (P) and the distal (D) PTF1 sites (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5752, "input_1": "Then we make quantitative comparisons with other state-of-the-art approaches on the 5-class and 6-class collective datasets, including RSTV approach in [7], a joint tracking and recognition flow model in [15], a complex hierarchical model in [5], a bayesian BORD method in [1] and a discriminative latent model in [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5753, "input_1": "FISH was carried out according to Pinkel et al. (1986)\nusing 5S rDNA probes obtained by PCR from Prochilodus genomic DNA using the primers A (5_-TACGCCCGATCTCG TCCGATC-3_) and B (5_-CAGGCTGGTATGGCCGTAAGC-3_) (Pendás et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5754, "input_1": "Studies on HA have shown previously that HA have the ability to decrease respiratory stress, and reduce hyperactivity in eastern rainbowfish fingerlings exposed to low pH during 96 h exposures (Holland et al., 2014a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5755, "input_1": "8-kb genomic fragment containing all of the noncoding exons demonstrated tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5756, "input_1": "A similar behaviour was found in the context of Higgs production in association with bottom quarks [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5757, "input_1": "Previous research find that the VOT value of aspirated decreases and overlaps with that of lenis for younger speakers, but not for older speakers (Jin 2008, Kang 2014, Kang and Guion 2008, Silva 2006, Wright 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5758, "input_1": "The developmental changes associated with puberty, pregnancy, lactation and involution of the mammary gland have been extensively studied and signaling pathways initiated by both membrane and nuclear receptors are essential for coordination of these events [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5759, "input_1": "Many estimation processes applies the probabilistic approach to determine the state of environment because of the uncertainties of measurements [12,15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5760, "input_1": "Figures 3 and 4 present in silico plasma profiles from the final, validated analog under fasting and fed conditions, respectively, shown with the GITT model predictions from [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5761, "input_1": "…and often impossible task (see, e.g., Herrmann et al., 1990; Saunders et al., 1992; Anderson et al., 2010; Franklin, 2010), and stature estimations may vary largely depending on the applied method (see, e.g., Sciulli et al., 1990; Raxter et al., 2007; Siegmund, 2010; Carretero et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5762, "input_1": "MEDLINE), one can find the elements of the PICO structure, but rarely explicitly annotated (Dawes et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5763, "input_1": "The pulvinar and much of the thalamus are centres of high-order (cortical to cortical) relay connections and their activation in early hypoglycemia may reflect arousal-enhanced relay of integrated sensory information to other cortical areas (reviewed by Sherman, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5764, "input_1": "…Screen / Esc\nPrinter-friendly Version\nInteractive Discussion\nD iscussion P aper\n| D iscussion P aper |\nD iscussion P aper\n| D iscussion P aper |\nOcean is unphysical, and subtract it from each along-track row; this approach is similar to those applied in previous studies (Boersma et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5765, "input_1": "Native Skp1 sequences were employed because a previous study showed that N- or C-terminal peptide tags interfere with its hydroxylation and activity in cells [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5766, "input_1": "capillary endothelial cells [16;17] - we have been evaluating its participation in the response to respiratory tract infections.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5767, "input_1": "We took inspiration from previous research done in the context of novel IDEs ([15], [16] and [17]) and used abstraction to present a concise view of the entities of a software model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5768, "input_1": "The settings for the Maras’ and Fan’s strategies shown in Table 1 are consistent with those in their original studies of [4] and [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5769, "input_1": "vinifera (P28343, Coutos-Thevenot et al., 2001; Giorcelli et al., 2004; Zhu et al., 2004) that have been successfully used in gene transfer experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5770, "input_1": "the thoracic and lumbar curvatures: (1) X-ray examination from which the Cobb angles (CA) of both curvatures were obtained, and (2)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5771, "input_1": "…with 675 kHz scanning pencil beam sonar and a 200 kHz multibeam sonar for near-bottom bathymetric surveys, both with vertical resolution as high as centimeters to decimeters depending on acquisition parameters [Singh et al., 2000; Whitcomb et al., 2000; Roman et al., 2005; Ferrini et al., 2005b].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5772, "input_1": "Substance P is involved in several behavioral processes, such as reinforcement, learning, memory, and pain (28-31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5773, "input_1": "For example, it is found that individuals with ASD tend to under report the severity of their autistic features (Johnson, Filliter, & Murphy, 2009) and show diminished awareness of their mental states (Williams & Happé, 2009, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5774, "input_1": "Indeed, the non-monotonic reasoning community has continuosly produced, in the past, several extensions of nonmonotonic logic languages, aimed at improving readability and easy programming through the introduction of new constructs, employed in order to specify classes of constraints, search spaces, data structures, new forms of reasoning, new special predicates [2, 9, 18], such as aggregate predicates [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5775, "input_1": "…a high correlation with the medial temporal lobe, by means of atrophy\n224 Chapter I\n(Diamond et al., 2007; Sánchez-Benavides et al., 2010, 2014; Sarazin et al., 2010; Wenger, Negash, Petsersen, & Petersen, 2011), hypoperfusion (Habert et al., 2011) and hypometabolism (Van Der Gucht et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5776, "input_1": "The model (Rohrer and Berresheim, 2006; Hofzumahaus et al., 2009) was based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism (RACM) (Stockwell et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5777, "input_1": "NO has been shown to contribute to host defense against intracellular pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella [35,36] and to inhibit virus proliferation [36,37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5778, "input_1": "…succinylation (Zhang et al. 2011; Park et al. 2013; Weinert et al. 2013b) in organisms from humans to bacteria, malonylation (Peng et al. 2011) and glutarylation (Tan et al. 2014) in eukaryotes, and propionylation in bacteria (Okanishi et al. 2014) were recently revealed as prevalent PTMs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5779, "input_1": "However, at temperatures above 20uC, the strong selfassociation propensity of human IAPP rapidly drives monomeric IAPP molecules toward oligo- and multimerization [24–27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5780, "input_1": "Electron Microscopy and Immunolabeling\nArabidopsis embryos and root tips and tobacco BY2 cells were highpressure frozen/freeze-substituted for electron microscopy analysis as described previously (Otegui et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5781, "input_1": "However, these analyses were undertaken prior to obtaining results from the MENTOR study and used the NICE guidelines [7] threshold for treating with a biologic rather than the BSR guidelines [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5782, "input_1": "Betrachtet man die Programmiersprache Java [53], so stellen beispielsweise Klammern statische Tokens dar, während die sogenannten Modifikatoren von Methoden und Feldern (public, private und protected) semantisch und somit variabel sind.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5783, "input_1": "This phenotype is reminiscent of the phenotype observed in Arabidopsis plants expressing Hahb-4, a drought-inducible HD-Zip family I gene from sunflower that was implicated in ethylene-mediated control of senescence (Manavella et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5784, "input_1": "Following Baker et al. (2012), I include a constant and a linear time trend in xt.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5785, "input_1": "Such an intervention would be important because little or no vaccine would be available against the first wave of pandemic influenza (Longini et al., 1978, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5786, "input_1": "Statistical analysis of EEG SSDC as applied to the frontal–central and parietooccipital cortical areas also confirmed the previously demonstrated [2] zonal speci ficity of SSDC in the MM–REO and RM–REO con trasts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5787, "input_1": "The sensation evoked by CO2 was stinging or burning pain, as has been reported in other studies.(17,18,19,20) The putative neuronal substrate for this is polymodal nociceptors or chemonociceptors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5788, "input_1": "analysis was limited to patients with methicillin-resistant isolates only.(3) In con-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5789, "input_1": "This is consistent with many studies that have demonstrated that increased fibrosis results in greater impairment in functionality (14, 45-48).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5790, "input_1": "The distribution of initial radon levels in the series of 65 houses is shown in Figure 2 , and this has the same pattern as reported by Denman and Phillips (1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5791, "input_1": "Certainly, patients may exhibit leakage on angiography (for example leakingmicroaneurysms in diabetic retinopathy), but no fluid accumulation within or below the retina as a result of compensatory removal of fluid by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5792, "input_1": "Although lots of works have reported that these features could be used to obtain accurate results in human detection, they encountered many difficulties in perceiving the shapes of human objects with articulated poses and cluttered background [10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5793, "input_1": "Besides that, no ameliorate impacts have been obtained on the use of antioxidants in some studies (12,13).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5794, "input_1": "Finally, actin-capping protein was found to regulate actin polymerization at autophagosomes downstream of PI(3)P synthesis (Mi et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5795, "input_1": "%) and in the Registro\n Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmboÃÅlica (RIETE) (major bleeding at 3 months: 3.4% vs. VTE recurrence at 3 months: 2.1%).16 Similar results were also observed in the Worcester Venous Thromboembolism Study.11\n The main strength of our study is the multicentric prospective inclusion of unselected VTE patients in a real-world setting that provides a representative picture of the age distribution in patients with acute VTE.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5796, "input_1": "Similar results were also obtained by Harris (1978) and Tamiru (2005) for potato, Onwueme (1978) for yam and (Mulugeta, 2007) for taro.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5797, "input_1": "For each target force, the vertical sensitivity of the oscilloscope was adjusted so that the target line would remain 16 cm up the screen (39,40,46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5798, "input_1": "The real-world spaces that surround information users have been diversely called everything from personal information environments (Kwasnik, 1991; Malone, 1983) to personal information management (PIM) systems (Barreau, 1995) and personal spaces of information (Jones, 2007). Drawing upon interviews with academics, Lee (2003) proposes a model of three concentric zones of information that surround a user: “immediate,” within arm’s reach or a few footsteps away; “adjacent,” such as a nearby university library; and “outside,” such as a more distant bookstore. Speaking largely from an objectifying stance and adopting Lee’s concept of the “immediate information space,” this paper focuses on a visual research method—photography— that seems particularly well suited to learning more about settings and their accompanying information phenomena. A variety of investigative approaches may be used to study immediate information space. Jones (2007) suggests ethnography combined with design methodologies, and places emphasis on context and situation, including contextual inquiry (Beyer & Holtzblatt, 1998), situated activity (Suchman, 1983), and situated design (Greenbaum & Kyng, 1991). Naumer and Fisher (2007) recommend naturalistic inquiry (Lincoln & Guba, 1985) and the data-gathering methods of unobtrusive observation, interviews, diaries, text analysis, pictures, and videos.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5799, "input_1": "More suitable analyses have therefore been proposed, including growth curve analysis (Magnuson et al. 2007) and mixed-effects (logistic) regression (Barr 2008; Huettig et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5800, "input_1": "Similar results have been reported by others (Tassou et al., 1995; Del Campo et al., 2000; Skandamis and Nychas, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5801, "input_1": "V1 was identified as a largely acallosal region ( 1.5 mm wide, 2 mm long) on the medial side of a callosally connected rostrocaudal band (Wang et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5802, "input_1": "Network dimensions showing the number of connections per neuron and the radius in the preceding layer from which 67% are received\nthe order of 100 spikes ⁄ s in the visual system (Rolls & Deco, 2002; Rolls, 2008b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5803, "input_1": "Previous studies indicate that both the age and the disease duration have an influence on the progression of MS [3, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5804, "input_1": "Pneumolysin interaction with TLR4 on epithelial cells induces ERK-mediated production of MUC5A mucin, potentially enhancing trapping of bacteria in mucus and further enabling clearance [99].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5805, "input_1": "Based on their ability to monitor the dielectric characteristics of the surroundings separately from hydrogen bonding [18], several 3HC-based probes were designed to quantify the local water concentration at selected positions of biomolecules [17], opening new possibilities in the investigation of biomolecular interactions [19, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5806, "input_1": "*Author for correspondence (wallingford@austin.utexas.edu)\nD E V E LO\nP M\nE N T\nsufficient to disrupt core PCP asymmetry and result in a loss or reversal of structural polarity (Adler et al., 2000; Bastock et al., 2003; Strutt and Strutt, 2007; Tree et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5807, "input_1": "polyps are mainly distributed on artificial constructions off the coasts of Japan, the UK, France and the Mediterranean (Miyake et al., 2002; Ishii & Katsukoshi, 2010; Duarte et al., 2012; Malej et al., 2012; Marques et al., 2015; Vodopivec et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5808, "input_1": "Traditionally, analytical placement has been formulated as a mathematical program with either linear or quadratic wirelength objective function [15, 30, 34, 8, 17, 64, 43].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5809, "input_1": "Moreover, there is increasing evidence suggesting that MP may protect against age-related maculopathy [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5810, "input_1": "Cre F1 mice underwent a surgical procedure to create unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) producing experimental renal fibrosis in one kidney (8, 30).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5811, "input_1": "A recent in vitro study with MBD1-6 reported that MBD1-3 was compacted without Cu and adopted an extended conformation after Cu loading (Yu et al. 2017b), indicating a possible impact of Cu binding on the structural arrangements of both linkers and MBDs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5812, "input_1": "…3 s were trimmed from each time series to eliminate transients. the remaining data were analyzed using crossrecurrence quantification analysis (cRQa; Marwan et al. 2002; shockley 2005; shockley et al. 2002; Webber and Zbilut 2005; Zbilut et al. 1998) to measure interpersonal coordination (of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5813, "input_1": "We reimplemented two of the baselines given on the Letor webpage:\nRankSVM Our own implementation of RankSVM achieves better results than the\nLetor baseline.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5814, "input_1": "China’s role in Apple’s global supply chain (e.g., Linden et al., 2009; Dedrick et al., 2010) have received a great deal of attention.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5815, "input_1": "Bivariate analysis of CD133 and nuclear beta-catenin was reported to be associated with decreased survival of patients due to ominous course of IIA colonic adenocarcinomas with coexpression of these both markers [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5816, "input_1": "[23] stated that infection, either major or minor, is listed as the cause of DKA in 15% to 50% of the cases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5817, "input_1": "The new reference models result in slightly larger predicted values than previously used Viljanen values especially in males, but significantly lower values than the ECSC predictions in females.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5818, "input_1": "Although other studies have also demonstrated these findings (2,9,21), these results are contrary to more recent reports published from other institutions and joint registries which suggest functional outcome is inferior to that following primary TKR, with suggestion that it is actually similar to that following revision of a primary TKR at six-months (3,15,19,24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5819, "input_1": "The second dataset contains the expression data of genes in 63 plant tissues that were generated within the framework of the AtGenExpress project (Additional data file 2) [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5820, "input_1": "To compare acute reduction of hERG surface protein to a well-characterized inhibitor of hERG forward trafficking, pentamidine, a chemiluminescence assay was used (Kuryshev et al. 2005; Wible et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5821, "input_1": "Also we show that the H-Ras mutant C181S creates the highest amount of rasosomes relative to the other palmitoylated Ras proteins, this complements the recent results which shows that this mutant has the lowest tendency to be solubilized by PDE6d.18 Hence, rasosomes can act as an alternative mode for transfer of hydrophobic Ras that cannot be carried by PDE6d.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5822, "input_1": "The main effector cytokine of Th17 is IL-17; other cytokines are IL-22, IL-26, and GM-CSF [52–56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5823, "input_1": "The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-completed 14-item screening questionnaire on a 4-point scale (Snaith and Zigmond, 1986), and was used to grade the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5824, "input_1": "fMRI studies using motor tasks in children with CP-U demonstrated abnormal pattern of activation, which included reduced activation in the affected hemisphere and existence of ipsilateral activation (Guzzetta et al. 2007; Sutcliffe et al. 2007, 2009; You et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5825, "input_1": "Gene ontology analysis was conducted using DAVID [8] and p-values was adjusted using the Storey q-test [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5826, "input_1": "For HFrEF, the INTERMACS profile score (15) has proven invaluable in capturing a patient’s prevailing health status and facilitating risk/benefit assessment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5827, "input_1": "This leads to the formation of a knickzone, where a slowly eroding plateau with smooth hillslopes is juxtaposed to a rapidly eroding reach with elevated channel steepness, high erosion rates, and steep hillslopes (Safran et al. 2005; Blodgett and Isacks 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5828, "input_1": "The growth inhibition effect of TGF-ß is mediated by its receptor, especia11y type I [78], with the p53 gene not likely participating in the process [77].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5829, "input_1": "Also, some approaches reduce the access time by caching [2, 3, 7, 18, 33], and nonuniform broadcasting [3, 18, 30, 31], and some reduce the tuning time by indexing [14, 19-21, 29, 33, 35], hashing [19] or using signature [24] techniques, where the tuning time is the amount of time spent by a client listening to the channel.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5830, "input_1": "The NMR structure of CD [9] has revealed a globular shape made of a three-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet packed against a Cterminal a-helix.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5831, "input_1": "Five of the seven studies showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in favour of microTESE (Amer et al., 2000; Okada et al., 2002; Ramasamy et al., 2005; Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5832, "input_1": "These data are consistent with the previously demonstrated defect of ubc9-1 mutants in the degradation of Clb2 and Clb5 (Seufert et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5833, "input_1": "Discrepancies analogous to those between our results and those of simulations have, indeed, recently been observed in the case of the binary perceptron [18], the pspin interaction spin glass [19], and in the case of fluctuating manifolds in random media [20], where dynamically frozen phases were observed in regions of parameter space in which static approaches yielded ergodic phases.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5834, "input_1": "The clustering method implemented in tbESTdb is based on the phred/phrap algorithms [23] and ensures high discriminatory power to identify closely related paralogues and distinct gene copies [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5835, "input_1": "In NSCLC, common PTPRB downregulation was associated with worse overall survival (197), whereas PTPRD downregulation and mutations were associated with worse", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5836, "input_1": "In accordance with this assumption, considering the different experiment results in literature [12] [11] [14], the first step of a domain independent extraction process is the elicitation of these concepts, which is carried out with the help of an algorithm using the wikipedia category system.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5837, "input_1": "6245, which was reported to be associated with a specificity of 90% (Wolfe et al., 2010), was used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5838, "input_1": "To calculate the density of the target receptor more precisely, the background intensity of the film was subtracted from the intensity within ROI, following a previously established computation (Suzuki et al., 2010a, 2010b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5839, "input_1": "6, WAT endothelial cells and ASCs increased local breast cancer growth in 2 different models of orthotopic breast cancer (5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5840, "input_1": "There have been also many interesting attempts to construct a consistent mathematical representation for polarization optics based on the Lorentz group [7]–[13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5841, "input_1": "Model I-2 (n = 4) and -5 (n = 4) were directly injected with 50 mg of the human AE1-targeted siRNAexpressing vector and 50 mg of the scramble vector into the tail vein, respectively, once every 3 days for a total of seven doses, as described previously (Garg et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5842, "input_1": "PL, an electrophilic small molecule identified in cell-based, high-throughput screening assays was shown to selectively kill cancer cells without harming the normal epithelial cells (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5843, "input_1": "…expatriate partner adjustment: we interpret this result a similar fashion than the findings and remarks of some authors (Shaffer and Harrison 2001; Cole 2012) who stated that expatriate partners that decided to interrupt their career in order to follow their partner in the international…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5844, "input_1": "Davison et al. (2008), in a wide review of studies about this subject, pointed to inconclusive results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5845, "input_1": "Neuroimaging studies and event-related brain potential research have established that the ACC is central to performance monitoring (Carter et al., 1998; Gehring and Knight, 2000; Luu et al., 2000; Ullsperger and Von Cramon, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5846, "input_1": "Since Ascent dehumanization is more closely related to animalistic (vs. mechanistic) dehumanization (Kteily et al., 2015, Study 5), we excluded these items from our blatant dehumanization composite.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5847, "input_1": "High BP induces structural and functional alterations, mainly in the form of left atrial enlargement.(7) Therefore, left atrial size is a recognized risk factor for AF and stroke.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5848, "input_1": "These experiments are described in detail elsewhere (Oum et al., 1998; Knipping et al., 2000; Hunt et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5849, "input_1": "While this method is known to be generally reliable, there are some questions about the representativeness of the data used [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5850, "input_1": "The depth and length of MBs may be responsible for the severity of these conditions (Canyigit et al. 2009; Ferreira et al. 1991; Lazoura et al. 2010; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004; Santos et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5851, "input_1": "Our results are consistent with the other studies that find a deficit in contralateral feature search (Riddoch and Humphreys, 1983; Eglin et al., 1989; Pavlovskaya et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5852, "input_1": "Streptomyces isolates (n=269) were characterized for antibiotic inhibition profiles by evaluating their ability to inhibit each standard isolate using an agar-overlay method (Davelos et al., 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5853, "input_1": "These results differ from a previous canine ACHMmissense mutation, CNGB3-D262N, located in the S2 transmembrane segment of CNGB3 [24, 51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5854, "input_1": ") (Burdette and Whitaker, 2005; Carver et al., 2008; Ding et al., 2011; Gomez et al., 2004; Molnar et al., 2004; Mota et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5855, "input_1": "It has been employed more formally by other scholars in the library and information science (LIS) field to decompose the particulars of notions like “information” [4], in the development of ontologies [12], and for the development of conceptual frameworks for metadata schema [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5856, "input_1": "A scoping review using the methodology described by Arksey and O’Malley [18], and refined by both Levac et al. [19], and Colquhoun et al. [20] will be used to address the research question.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5857, "input_1": "An alternative is to fuse the information from multiple cameras surrounding the vehicle [29] and such methods have been used to fuse between a forward-facing camera and LIDAR [10,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5858, "input_1": "1 expression are induced by seizures in experimental models (present results; for review see [1,57,61]), we cannot exclude that seizure activity may contribute to their level of expression.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5859, "input_1": "In view that PFD changes mouse liver glutathione S-transferase (mGST), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase III and Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) contents [42, 47, 48], we wished to explore whether it affects other cellular antioxidative enzymes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5860, "input_1": "intrauterine pregnancy.(9) We present this data in aggregate and by physician to better represent individual variation in ability to identify an intrauterine pregnancy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5861, "input_1": "This occupational social class measure has been previously used to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, cardiovascular disease, disability, and trends in inequalities in all-cause and coronary disease in this cohort [18,22,23], and other studies [24-28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5862, "input_1": "They posited that trans acting differences tend to generate intra-\nspecific expression polymorphisms (Lemos et al. 2008, Wittkopp et al. 2008, Emerson et al. 2010) that might in turn be fixed by drift (Coolon et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5863, "input_1": "goal lines, which were extensions of the halfway line or penalty area approximately 3–30 m from each line) because multiple perpendicular views were recommended to obtain more accurate results using the MBIM technique (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5864, "input_1": "Drug specific parameters and parameter estimation\nTissue/plasma concentration ratios (Kp) were predicted for each tissue using the equations proposed by Poulin and Theil [24], Kp for the rest of body was optimised so that the predicted volume of distribution at steady state (VSS) is the same as the observed in vivo value using the following equation [25]\nKp;REST ¼ VSS;Obs VP\nP Kp;T VT\n70 P VT ð2Þ\nThe same Kp was assumed for adults and children and values for different tissues are presented in Table 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5865, "input_1": "Previous studies in our laboratory have established that P450 1A5 and 3A37, orthologs to human P450 1A2 and 3A4, respectively, are the most important P450 isoforms responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 in turkey liver (Rawal et al., 2010b; Klein et al., 2000; Yip and Coulombe, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5866, "input_1": "sagittatus, was originally described from carp from the Amur River basin in Russia (Kulakovskaya and Akhmerov 1965), later on it was also found in Caspian Sea Drainage (Demshin andDvoryadkin 1981) and Japan (Scholz et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5867, "input_1": "Regarding the associations between the -634G[C polymorphism and hypertension, Lacchini et al. (2014) have reported that the variant genotypes of -634G[C SNP were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with systemic hypertension of Brazilian population.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5868, "input_1": "There were two measures of WMC: the reading span task\n (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980) and the spatial span task (Miyake et al., 2001, Shah & Miyake, 1996) (see Figure 1 for illustration of tasks).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5869, "input_1": "the common cascade; ligand binds to and activates the respective receptors (activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5 as a type I receptor and TbRII as a type II receptor for TGF-b, and ALK4 as a type I receptor and ActRIIA/IIB as a type II receptor for activin), leading to phosphorylation and activation of receptor-regulated Smad, Smad2/3 and subsequent transcriptional regulation in concert with common Smad, Smad4 [4–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5870, "input_1": "1), were formerly connected to the Ganges River and were progressively captured by the Indus sometime after 5 MY ago (Clift and Blusztajn 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5871, "input_1": "Our results explain why soil redox status, base status, and total P content relate strongly to P mineralization (Verhoeven et al. 1996) and are consistent with observations in highly managed wetlands, where eutrophication status changed in\n response to alterations of the groundwater-regime (e.g.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5872, "input_1": "ADIPOR2 mRNA levels correlated positively and independently only with fasting triglyceride concentrations [49], whereas ADIPOR1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations, first-phase insulin secretion, and elevated plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations [49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5873, "input_1": "As we have seen previously in E. coli expressed P450 3A37 (Rawal et al., 2010b), thekinetics of exo-AFBOandAFQ1 formation (1: 6) followed a sigmoidal kinetic Hill model, indicative of positive cooperativity (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5874, "input_1": "To date, 28 cases of thyroglossal duct carcinoma with clinical information for patients younger than 20 years have been reported in the English literature [4,5,7,12-15]; the histologic diagnosis was PC in 27 cases [4,5,12-15] and mixed PC and SCC in 1 case [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5875, "input_1": "The observations that P30 (33, 53) and vRNA (48) colocalize with the microtubule cytoskeleton and that the abilities of several P30 mutants to associate with the microtubule cytoskeleton and to support cell-to-cell movement showed a strict correlation (7, 8), indeed suggest a role for the microtubule cytoskeleton in TMV cell-to-cell transport.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5876, "input_1": "It involved a series of long, initially rather unstructured interviews [49-51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5877, "input_1": "The medical history fields are designed to be compatible with the NCDR ICD registry elements.(15,16) In addition to these baseline variables, data specific to device", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5878, "input_1": "In humans, lindane affects nervous system, liver, and kidneys, and is a potential carcinogen.(2,3,5) It has a documented neurotoxicity, i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5879, "input_1": "As argued by Demirgüç-Kunt and Huizinga (2004), Total cost of funds is an implicit interest rate on BHC liabilities, which is inferred from its financial statements. While Total cost of funds measures the overall cost of a BHC’s debts, it can differ across banks and time due to differences in interest rates or in the maturity and structure of a BHC’s debt. We therefore construct a second funding cost measure that focuses only on deposits. Following Gilje, Loutskina, and Strahan (2016), we measure the cost of deposits as a BHC’s interest expense on domestic deposits during a quarter divided by the stock of domestic deposits at the beginning of the quarter (Cost of domestic deposits).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5880, "input_1": "Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias was used to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials, using the following criteria: (1) randomization sequence generation: assessment for selection bias; (2) allocation concealment: assessment of selection bias; (3) level of blinding (blinding of participants and blinding of outcome assessment): assessment for performance bias and detection bias; (4) incomplete outcome data: assessment for attrition bias; and (5) selective reporting: assessment for reporting bias.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5881, "input_1": "In many lytic phages these fitness costs result from the trade-off between lysis time and burst size [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5882, "input_1": "A significant amount of this money was ring-fenced for additional home-care packages (a\nª 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 311\ncash-for-care scheme first introduced in 2006, see Timonen et al. 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5883, "input_1": "Similar results were demonstrated for the identification of Haemophilus somnus from naturally infected bovine lungs (Tegtmeier et al., 2000), which emphasises the need of alternative detection methods to complement the culture based at establishing a definitive diagnosis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5884, "input_1": "For example, the invasive pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, induces the mono-ubiquitination of receptors – hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) (Veiga and Cossart, 2005) and E-cadherin and triggers the recruitment of clathrin and caveolin-1 to entry foci (Bonazzi and Cossart, 2006; Veiga et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5885, "input_1": "5% gelatin coated chamber slides in RPMI-B27 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 uM Y-27632 (Sigma), Polybrene (Millipore) and 5000 particles per cell of a lentivirus expressing Cre under the striated muscle-specific CK7 regulatory cassette, based on the muscle creatine kinase promoter (MCK) [9–11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5886, "input_1": "IOVS 2010;51:ARVO E-Abstract 1717).(10) In both previous studies, negative correlations between the refractive lens power and the refractive error of the eye were found, with hyperopic eyes having lower refractive lens power than emmetropic or myopic eyes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5887, "input_1": "Based on available direct experimental measurements on several apparent two-state proteins [32, 33], here the intrinsic enthalpic folding barrier H ‡ i is taken, as a first approximation, to be a constant (independent of Gf/T ) for a given protein, but may differ for different proteins [29, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5888, "input_1": "We evaluate and compare our algorithm with the SpectralUCB which is the state-of-art and outperforms its competitors such as LinUCB on graphs with large number of nodes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5889, "input_1": "95) and using the dynamic programming method implemented by Ilie et al. (2011) on a region of 100bp, we selected the three spaced seeds with the highest ‘hit probability’ (Ma et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5890, "input_1": "In [3, 4, 5], the authors proposed customized two-level memory subsystems, which minimize the off-chip memory bandwidth.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5891, "input_1": "This approach is further necessitated by the complexity of the known RNA binding sites for S15 [39, 42, 43].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5892, "input_1": "Access into the portal venous system for interventional procedures has been achieved using a variety of approaches: trans-jugular (by creation of a trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) [4], trans-femoral (through spleno-renal or gastro-renal shunts) [5], trans-hepatic [6–9], trans-splenic [10–24], and percutaneous access through recanalized umbilical vein [25] or abdominal wall varices when available.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5893, "input_1": "Before the recommendation of American College of Chest Physicians [6], three studies reported a maximum level of PIP utilization ranging from 63€17 to 73€18 cm H2O [18, 19, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5894, "input_1": "5B), but, interestingly, they shared conserved residues that are most notably found in the NQO1 family of eukaryotes (Chen et al., 2000; Faig et al, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5895, "input_1": "In [8], the authors employ a variable-length n-gram model to extract the necessary information of the sequence databases, and utilize an exploration tree to reduce the amount of added noise.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5896, "input_1": "test for BLEU is computed using the paired bootstrap resampling technique (Koehn, 2004), and for TER using the stratified approximate randomization technique (Clark et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5897, "input_1": "Women of reproductive age (15-49) make up close to a quarter (24%) of the total population and children under 15 years account for 47.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5898, "input_1": "Lead carbonate, an insoluble compound that is one of the major oxidation products of lead in water may be bio available to amphibians (Stansley et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5899, "input_1": "The results are discussed in relation to other recent work on vertebrate primary dorso-ventral patterning, including the early expression of a recently described follistatin -related chick gene (Towers et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5900, "input_1": "Contrary to some previous reports (3, 4, 15), in the present study junctional SCE was found to associate with erosive esophagitis, suggesting that SCE may be a result of GERD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5901, "input_1": "Furthermore, methods to detect recently described cfr- or L4 protein-mediated resistances were applied using techniques reported earlier (Arias et al., 2008; Kehrenberg et al., 2005, 2007; Kehrenberg and Schwarz, 2006; Long et al., 2006; Mendes et al., 2008; Schwarz et al., 2000; Toh et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5902, "input_1": "Wilkiemeyer et al.(13) reported a correlation between resident PGY and inguinal hernia recurrence rate, which occurred after 6.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5903, "input_1": "Experiment 4: conditioned reinforcement This procedure consisted of four phases (see Morrison et al. 2011; Ranaldi et al. 2009 for details).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5904, "input_1": "MtrR also directly represses the mtrCDE efflux pump and rpoH (sigma 32) (57) (not shown in Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5905, "input_1": "Skeletal muscle mass is ultimately determined by the balance between the rate of protein synthesis and protein degradation (Goodman et al., 2011c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5906, "input_1": "applied for the evaluation of several modelling grammars, such as ER [15,16], DFD [15], ARIS [3] and others.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5907, "input_1": "Spinal cord pathway transection was performed by electrocautery as previously described\n6 in detail (Chen and Wolpaw 1997, 2002; Chen et al. 2001b, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5908, "input_1": "Our definition of bipolar NOS has been validated and used in previous studies (Akiskal and Benazzi, 2005; Benazzi and Akiskal, 2006; Kim et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5909, "input_1": "SM/J and LG/J differ in their phenotypic response to a high-fat diet, with SM/J being more responsive than LG/J for many obesity, diabetes-related, and serum lipid level traits [23,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5910, "input_1": "A number of polymorphisms in UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 affecting expression and protein function have been identified and could potentially modulate the metabolism of SN-38 in vivo (Zheng et al., 2001; Guillemette, 2003; Villeneuve et al., 2003; Girard et al., 2004; Yamanaka et al., 2004), as well as response to irinotecan-based chemotherapy (Ando et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5911, "input_1": "This result is consistent with another study (deGoma et al., 2001) where an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was observed, whereas LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides are directly related to prevalence of CHD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5912, "input_1": "These reference genome sequences were used: Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath) TAIR10, Arabidopsis lyrata (Aly [30]), and Arabis alpina (Aal; sequence [18] and gene annotation [18]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5913, "input_1": "Tobacco use poses a substantial health hazard to cancer survivors [6, 7], including an increased risk of subsequent malignancies [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5914, "input_1": "…sperm AR stimulated by progesterone, (Luconi et al., 1995; Meizel and Turner, 1996; Kirkman-Brown et al., 2002) and LPC- and A23187-induced AR are associated with higher levels of Tyr phosphorylation of p80 and p105 (Aitken et al., 1995; de Lamirande et al., 1998; de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5915, "input_1": "Compatible with our findings, Silk et al. (2016) found that FA values that were more strongly lateralized to the left in the PUT WM were associated with greater symptom severity in patients with ADHD.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5916, "input_1": "This method is most applicable as a research standard for performance testing and algorithm comparison [3] and forces the swarm to expand its search beyond its initial limits.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5917, "input_1": "Inaccurate prediction and instability in n u me r i c a l d a t a a r e major reasons behind the shortfall of forecasters [1] [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5918, "input_1": "SSA responses have also been discovered in auditory thalamus (Anderson et al., 2009) and auditory cortex (Von der Behrens et al., 2009; Ulanovsky et al., 2004, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5919, "input_1": "…spectrum above-ground (i.e. trait syndromes associated with resource acquisition or conservation; see Reich 2014), the existence of a root economics spectrum is still a matter of debate, mainly because of a lack of consistency among and within studies (Mommer and Weemstra 2012; Weemstra et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5920, "input_1": "All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.029\ninteraction resulting in dedifferentiation of the Schwann cells and activation of a growth promoting phenotype (Hall, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5921, "input_1": "We have previously shown that activation of TGF- signaling is involved in the myoendothelial gap junctiondependent differentiation of PASMCs to a more contractile-like phenotype in PAEC/PASMC touch coculture (21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5922, "input_1": "Disconnected neural network connectivity between brain regions increasingly has been proposed as a key characteristic underlying memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which has a high risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Bai et al., 2009a, 2009b; Sorg et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5923, "input_1": "reported to be 3% by another study, lymphadenopathy was not among the clinical symptoms in the south of Iran.([23]) In previous studies, the lymph node metastasis was not reported in this area.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5924, "input_1": "Because the mammalian CSC does not bind tightly to the PI3P-binding sorting nexins, it is unclear what prevents the sorting nexins from driving the formation of empty tubules devoid of cargo (Cullen and Korswagen, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5925, "input_1": "Rodent and avian NF-M subunits, while otherwise very similar to their human counterpart, contain only one or two degenerate KSPV repeats (Levy et al., 1987; Napolitano et al., 1987; Zopf et al., 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5926, "input_1": "Out results also agree with that of Wang et al. (2015), who stated that serum IL-35 levels and its mRNA expression were decreased in allergic asthmatics.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5927, "input_1": "This experiment may be difficult as two different studies observed that severe bottlenecks are present in the colonization process of the chick gastrointestinal tract when an inoculum is used that contains more than one strain of C. jejuni (Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004; Grant et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5928, "input_1": "(2010) demonstrated that the development of external sexual change of krill is accelerated by photoperiod, although others have shown that the cyclic maturation process is maintained independent of direct control by environmental factors such as food or light (Thomas and Ikeda 1987; Kawaguchi et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5929, "input_1": "SPARC has been proposed to be an albumin receptor in other epithelial tissues (Swaroop et al., 1988; Kopp et al., 1992; Tiruppathi et al., 1996), and is expressed at higher levels in human fetal tissue than in adult tissue and cell lines (Swaroop et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5930, "input_1": "Additionally, the studies in general point out that the type of transportation seems to be more related to social and environmental factors than to the students’ freedom of choice, as observed in the studies carried out by Davison et al. (2008); Dollman & Lewis (2007); Robertson-Wilson et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5931, "input_1": "This calculation is in accordance with the contributions estimated by Greenwood et al. (1997) and Luttmer (2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5932, "input_1": "For this study we used several Fortran programs that have been taken from the Perfect Benchmarks, RiCEPS (Rice Compiler Evaluation Program Suite), and Genesis benchmark suites [12, 1] as well as from the WIEN95 software package [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5933, "input_1": "2% in those with TB meningitis and TB lymphadenopathy, respectively.(20,22) Of the 17 patients with ocular mycobacterial disease in this study, 13 had active disease limited to the eyes, 2 had systemic lymphadenopathy, 1 had miliary TB, and only 1 had active pulmonary TB.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5934, "input_1": "In contrast, another transcription factor, SP1, but not NF-kB, is reported to mediate the TNF-a-induced LDL receptor expression and sterol-induced repression of LDL receptor expression (7, 10, 15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5935, "input_1": "Geriatric patients are at high risk for PPH in the general population (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995; Mathias 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5936, "input_1": "False negatives can occur if the object is small or if a hypointense structure or signal void is mistaken for a tendon, dense collagenous structure, or air.(15) Compared with both ultrasound and CT, MRI is the most limited in spatial resolution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5937, "input_1": ", 2008; Pesch and Hülskamp, 2011) is an essential feature in all models explaining trichome patterning (Pesch and Hülskamp, 2009; Balkunde et al., 2010; Tominaga-Wada et al., 2011; Grebe, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5938, "input_1": "With respect to reading span, two sets of studies (Lustig et al., 2001; May et al., 1999) demonstrated that reducing interference by administering the longest set sizes first rather than last is especially beneficial to older adults.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5939, "input_1": "…et al. 2000; Hoey et al. 2003; Birkner et al. 2004; Rusu et al. 2005;\nKaushik et al. 2008), mouse (Autrup et al. 1978; Pretlow et al. 1978; Kondo et al. 1984; Kedinger et al. 1986; Fukamachi 1992, Macartney et al. 2000), rabbit (Benya et al. 1991; Hata et al. 1993; Reddy et al. 1996), pig…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5940, "input_1": "Our results show that after 4 h of thiotepa treatment, the level of expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was not changed; this confirms the results of a previous study [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5941, "input_1": "Between days 12 and 14 postinoculation, young, cellular fibrous polyps of collagenous tissue can be observed that develop into discrete fibroblastic polyps in the alveolar ducts (20, 21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5942, "input_1": "Compounding this limitation, the WSAP did not result in an equal number of data points (i.e., reaction times) for each type of wordsentence pair (Amir et al. 2012; Beard and Amir 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5943, "input_1": "The high prevalence of extant polyploids suggests that WGD is both a pervasive and contemporary influence in genome evolution (Otto and Whitton 2000; Mable 2004; Otto 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5944, "input_1": "PASS [18] supports provenance at the system level and is a layer grafted in a file system.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5945, "input_1": "…(1997) ERK Pathway CGP78850 competes for Grb2-SH2 0.043 30 Gay et al. (1999); de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002)\nSulindac sulphid Ras-Raf Interaction – 100 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) ZM336372 Raf, competitive inhibition 0.07– 0.007 3 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) PD98059 prevents MEK activation…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5946, "input_1": "Knowledge of lesions associated with HIV/AIDS was observed to be similar to studies in Brazil (20), but lower than that of the UK and Iran (16,21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5947, "input_1": "machine learning approaches (Haghighi and Klein, 2009; Raghunathan et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5948, "input_1": "edu/eeglab); this procedure was extremely effective in decomposing the signals into multiple statistically independent components, allowing artifacts to be easily detected [47].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5949, "input_1": "…TB abundances were expressed as total counts and not as CFU counts, but considering that a maximum of 10% of total marine bacteria are cultivable, our results are similar to those reported by Skjermo and Vadstein (1993) and Haché and Plante\n (2011) in their commercially enriched rotifer cultures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5950, "input_1": "The physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) from the SF-12 were compared to those obtained from the 1998 National Survey of Functional Health Status.(15) Additionally, an addendum questionnaire (AQ) was administered to LDs after the SF-12 questionnaire.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5951, "input_1": "Differences may result in part due to the fact that BIOLOG selects for only a portion of the microbial community (Smalla et al., 1998) while PLFA analysis includes the whole microbial community, regardless of activity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5952, "input_1": "Our findings further support previous findings on the usefulness of CBT in the non-invasive evaluation of severe chronic liver disease [14,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5953, "input_1": "These results were also found in previous works.(9,11,12) A balanced occlusal arrangement and an adequate interproximal contact were of great importance for the results found in this study and as described by related literature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5954, "input_1": "stemmed implants and augments) when revising a failed UKR is extremely variable and ranges from 11% to 76% in the literature and 33% in the present series (3,13,14,19,21,22,24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5955, "input_1": "These enzymes have been implicated in pesticide resistance in plants and insects (Sheehan et al., 2001), and\nsome GST polymorphisms are thought to alter cancer susceptibility in mammals (Hayes and Pulford, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5956, "input_1": "Women using the LNG-IUS for contraception experience a change in their menstrual bleeding pattern [1,4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5957, "input_1": "The resulting fragments were sequentially cloned into pBluescript SKII+ (Stratagene), cut with XmaI and NotI and ligated into pSB890 [15], yielding suicide plasmid pM1664.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5958, "input_1": "In order to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of OLCS, we compare its performance with CLPSO [23], CMA-ES [24], and GL-25 [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5959, "input_1": "The present observations support and extend earlier contentions that Parkinson patients prefer to adopt a closedloop control mode, adjusting their movements continuously on the basis of available visual information (Flowers 1976).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5960, "input_1": "This is not a fundamental issue but a technical one and can be accounted for by re-parametrizing synaptic responses in such a way that changes in α (and/or β) do not influence their maximal heights (Hutt and Longtin, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5961, "input_1": "These effects are consistent with BCAR3-dependent increase in SRC activity leading to increased BCAR1 downstream signaling as previously reported in cells not treated with antiestrogens (9, 30, 32, 51).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5962, "input_1": "…shown distractor suppression to have a much larger effect on capacity than target selection processes (Bettencourt & Somers, 2009; Pylyshyn, 2006; Vogel et al., 2005; Zanto & Gazzaley, 2009), and as the effect on capacity of increasing the number of distractors is correlated between VSTM and MOT…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5963, "input_1": "To minimize the contribution of each individual patient sample to the set of significantly altered genes [51] the statistical analysis has included a leave-one-out crossvalidation procedure; essentially, one sample was removed at a time, and every time a new set of significantly altered genes was determined using the remaining ten samples, ultimately pointing to the most consistently altered gene set, which is common to all leave-one-out sets (see Material and methods for details).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5964, "input_1": "We generate segments from the MSRA boxes by applying grabcut over the average box annotation, and use these as supervision for the DeepLab model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5965, "input_1": "We evaluated 22 prospective cohorts in which HHV-8 DNA quantification had been performed on oropharyngeal swabs, including 18 cohorts from the Virology Research Clinic, University of Washington [14, 28–32], and 4 studies by affiliated investigators in Lima, Peru [33]; Kampala, Uganda [4]; Mombasa, Kenya [34]; and Yaounde, Cameroon.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5966, "input_1": "All experiments included blocks of auditory stimuli and blocks of visual stimuli, delivered with different presentation rates (e.g. auditory blocks repetitions and visual blocks repetitions were not the same), in a semi-overlapped manner (Hertz & Amedi, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5967, "input_1": "enables early detection of newborns with CAH so that timely and appropriate management is instituted (Padilla and Therrell 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5968, "input_1": "Feeding Conditions\nOur feeding procedure is based on the limited access model described by Corwin et al. (1998), in which non-food-deprived animals with sporadic and limited access to a high-fat food develop binge-type behaviors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5969, "input_1": "According to above points we need to have specific rules or formulas by which we easily calculate execution time as well as effort and time at deployment process but before they can guarantee a successful installation, producers must be able to determine what components are available at a given site, as well as the configuration of those components [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5970, "input_1": "The network is based on at least two patterning mechanisms each capable of explaining patterning alone (Pesch and Hülskamp, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5971, "input_1": "Drawing from career literature, mentoring is deemed to occur if mentors take an active interest in advancing the salesperson ’ s career by providing developmental assistance ( Higgins and Kram, 2001 ).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5972, "input_1": "Our results are roughly in line with those of Fukaya et al. (2008) with regard to the cell morphologies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5973, "input_1": "Andes have been eroded by the Patagonian ice sheet and are much lower and narrower (Garzione et al. 2008; Hoorn et al. 2010; Lavina & Fauth 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5974, "input_1": "The largest correlations between the depression ratings and perceived social support were found within the sub-scales of Friends and Family (Clara et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5975, "input_1": "Moreover, the risk of developing melanoma is greater in males than in females over the age of 40, although the opposite effect is observed in patients under 40 years old (Lens and Dawes, 2004; Jemal et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5976, "input_1": "The LC microstructure of each eye was automatically segmented using a previously described method with high reproducibility.(13,14) The diameter of LC pores and the thickness of LC beams were defined by the 3D local thickness (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5977, "input_1": "Very young (8-10 weeks old) rats were used in this study because it has been shown that younger rats are more sensitive to dietary salt loading than older ones (Dahl et al., 1968; Obiefuna et al., 1991; Sofola et al, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5978, "input_1": "This noise stems from pulsatile motion of large arteries in the direct vicinity of the brainstem as well as from the flow of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) (Harvey et al., 2008; Klose et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5979, "input_1": "…replication (Anand et al., 1995), with olomoucine, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase activity (Glab et al., 1994; Meijer, 1996) and by RNAi (Fire et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1999; Grishok et al., 2000; Klink and Wolniak, 2000; Klink and Wolniak, 2001), using dsRNA…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5980, "input_1": "The high rate of cardiac and renal dysfunction in critically ill patients limited the discriminative role of BNP, and no BNP value was able to completely rule out the presence of concomitant cardiac dysfunction (7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5981, "input_1": "The rate of OJ− # production during reactions in vitro was measured as the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-sensitive rate of cytochrome c reduction (Imlay & Fridovich, 1991) in a Beckman DU 650 spectrophotometer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5982, "input_1": "Moreover, variability in analgesic efficacy could be explained by inter-subject variations in plasma levels of parent drug and its active metabolite eventually affected also by co-medications [19], and therefore, dosage must be titrated for optimal effect and avoidance of toxicity after appropriate TDM.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5983, "input_1": "Approximately 10 days after the completion of the experiments at sea level an arterial blood sample was taken for other purposes [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5984, "input_1": "The proof obligations generated by HIPComp are discharged using off-the-shelf constraint solvers (Omega Calculator [14] and Mona [15]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5985, "input_1": "The GITT model performs better than an empirical lag-time model [17], however, its predicted profiles tend to underestimate Cmax, which, if consistent, may suggest confounding systematic bias or invalid assumptions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5986, "input_1": "The identified propionylation sites (Okanishi et al. 2014) were approximately as much as that of acetylation in T.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5987, "input_1": "Similar findings were reported in healthy Italian children between 5 and 19 yr of age (32).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5988, "input_1": "Therefore, in addition to the provision of care and support in an all-female environment, many authors argue that, to be effective, women-specific services must also adopt approaches to care that are substantially different than the traditional care provided in mixed-gender settings [62,65,68,69,78,79,83,84].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5989, "input_1": "The 3-step admission system in the Netherlands has been described in more detail in a previous study.[17]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5990, "input_1": "Our results are partially consistent with the findings of previous works (Mühi et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5991, "input_1": "Five-microliter yeast cells were spotted onto the interaction selection media (synthetic complete agar-Leu-Trp-His-Ala with 1.5 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-aminotriazole) to score growth as an indicator of protein–protein interaction (Lee et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5992, "input_1": "hGFAP-Cre [19] and MATH1-GFP [20] transgenic animals were kindly provided by Rob Wechsler-Reya at Duke University.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5993, "input_1": "Evidence for the measurement properties of the I-QoL has been demonstrated by a number of studies [17, 18, 20]; this study represents the largest evaluation in a UK population.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5994, "input_1": "It is conceivable that low dose dipyridamole might increase coronary flow through collaterals (19,20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5995, "input_1": "The CFI estimates the relative fit of the target model in comparison with the baseline model where all variables in the model are uncorrelated (Bentler, 1990; Hu & Bentler, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 5996, "input_1": "For our experimental evaluation, we used the binary test-datasets of Weber et al. [35] and Batenburg and Sijbers [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5997, "input_1": ", 2016): the Bidirectional Attention Flow model (BiDAF) (Seo et al., 2016) and DrQA (Chen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 5998, "input_1": "Both the methods used in the present work were previously demonstrated to be sufficiently accurate for detecting physiological and pathological changes in serum hepcidin in healthy volunteers and in patients with various disorders of iron homeostasis.(22,7,34,35) Indeed, results with the two methods were essentially concordant from a qualitative point of view, although quantitative differences were observed, e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 5999, "input_1": "We also evaluated the quality of each study based on the Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research (MORE)- Observational Studies of Incidence or Prevalence of Chronic Diseases developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6000, "input_1": "(Note: We are aware of the method [3] which is another variant of 2D FCN and achieved excellent performance on the neuron dataset.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6001, "input_1": "Randomized controlled trials conducted in a range of surgical settings over the last 25 years have clearly demonstrated that enoxaparin is associated with lower rates of VTE than placebo or elastic compression, without compromising patient safety [5–9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6002, "input_1": "Evaluating diverse predictions Where only a single ground truth answer exists, the k-best oracle [11, 23] is a suitable scheme for evaluating diverse predictions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6003, "input_1": "In-between methods can be subdivided into linear approximations [12,24] and quadratic interpolation methods [22,23,25–27] based on the degree of the polynomial approximation employed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6004, "input_1": "bacterial species can drive major changes in the gut microbiota and, thus, influence the metabolic profile (Marcobal et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6005, "input_1": "Xu et al [42] observed TF occupancy across the blocus of proerythroblast derived from fetal liver and adult stem cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6006, "input_1": "The well-known tumor suppressor p53 is a transcriptional master regulator that regulates the expression of genes associated with a wide range of functions, including cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in response to genotoxic andnongenotoxic stresses that challenge cellular genomic integrity (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6007, "input_1": "CBP adds to its input layer an extra node having an input of the sum of the squared input components [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6008, "input_1": "reported that low miR-99a expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues was associated with worse prognosis in HCC patients [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6009, "input_1": "Between 1987 and 1998 the prevalence of FOBT screening increased slightly, while screening rates for endoscopies doubled in the US [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6010, "input_1": "It should be noted that a WURS cut-off score of 46 or higher can discriminate individuals with a history of childhood attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (Kafka & Prentky, 1998; Roy-Byrne et al., 1997; Ward et al., 1993; Wender, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6011, "input_1": "This would be in accordance with data showing that the PVN is important for dietary preference for carbohydrates and lesions to the PVN result in increased preference for high fat diets (Aravich and Sclafani, 1983; Leibowitz, 1988; Hoebel et al., 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6012, "input_1": "Nonetheless, marketed EGFR antibodies have limited potential for development as ADCs because their significant binding to normal tissue causes on-target toxicity (9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6013, "input_1": "An interdisciplinary approach has been advocated for in a broad range of healthcare fields, including primary care [1, 2], developmental disability assessment [3], com-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6014, "input_1": "In addition, G4 DNA could form at telomeres either at the 3’ single strand G-rich overhang (22) or by molecular crowding of duplex DNA (23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6015, "input_1": "In Section 2, we present an experiment by Abeler et al. (2010) that analyzes the relative importance of two conflicting fairness principles—wage equality and horizontal equity. In particular, Abeler et al. study whether equal wages are considered fair and look at potentially detrimental consequences of equal wages on performance. In Section 3, we turn to a second question that becomes important when principals interact with more than one agent, namely, whether the principal can observe agents’ individual performance or only the outcomes of the group of agents as a whole. We present a recent study by Kleine and Kube (2010) that addresses the question whether reporting (subjective) performance measures can enhance the efficiency of interaction in work groups. Next, we discuss a study by Schneider and Kube (2006) that analyzes how differences in social proximity affect gift exchange in multi-worker firms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6016, "input_1": "Our findings, in accordance with Smith et al. (2004), demonstrate a neuropsychological dissociation between endogenous and exogenous validity effects.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6017, "input_1": "(2016) demonstrated that blocking MST1/2 kinase activities with a newly identified compound, 4-((5,10-dimethyl-6-oxo-6,10-dihydro-5H-pyrimido [5,4-b]thieno[3,2-e][1,4]diazepin-2-l)amino)benzenesulfonamide (XMU-MP-1), has benefits for intestinal and liver repair and regeneration in mice (Fan et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6018, "input_1": "1996) and then to the effector enzyme, namely phospholipase C-b 2 (PLC-b 2) (Adler et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6019, "input_1": "Another approach to scaling the PK parameters was a theoretical approach that fixed the allometric exponent to its theoretical values [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6020, "input_1": "Previous research using the WSAP suggests that interpretation biases based on reaction time measures may be different for socially anxious undergraduates than for individuals with SAD (Amir et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6021, "input_1": "LDL CHD There is strong evidence that genetic variants that increase LDL also proportionately increase risk of CHD (46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6022, "input_1": "This method was recently used to estimate cancer incidence in France and China [22, 25] and is frequently used by GLOBOCAN [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6023, "input_1": "Rats were killed after 2.5 min, which was the time found to produce significant AA release mediated by PLA2 activity after in vivo LTP induction (Clements et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6024, "input_1": "Geographical locales where gonorrhoea incidence was much higher than surrounding areas have been identified as possible ‘core’ populations (Rothenberg 1983; Bernstein et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6025, "input_1": "…studies found similar results when comparing resisted sprint training with elastic bands (Myer, Ford, Brent, Divine, & Hewett, 2007), weighted-sled (Spinks et al., 2007; West et al., 2012), weighted-vest (Clark et al., 2010; Rey, Padron-Cabo, & Fernandez-Penedo, 2016) with unresisted training on…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6026, "input_1": "BM3D BRIS- CPBD JNB LPC S3 BIQI Metri- Ours QUE[17] [19] [11] [14] [26] [18] cQ[30]", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6027, "input_1": "Protein extraction, western blots and immunoprecipitations were performed as previously described (Pentimalli et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6028, "input_1": "…(Trueman et al., 1996); two NADH-NR, NR1 and NR2 (Long et al., 1992); nitrite reductase, NiR (Lahners et al., 1988); glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH1 (Sakakibara et al., 1995); four cytosolic GS, gln1, gln2, gln3, and gln4, plastidic GS, gln5 (Sakakibara et al., 1992a); and asparagine synthetase…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6029, "input_1": "During phase (1), it looks for hidden correlations among the attribute values and the class attribute in the training data set and generates them as ‘‘Class Association Rule’’ (CARs) in ‘‘If-Then’’ format (Thabtah et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6030, "input_1": "Many investigations have focused on the evaluation of genotoxicity of pesticides in occupational or environmental settings using different methods (2-12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6031, "input_1": "Post-mortem studies have shown that cholinergic markers depletion strongly correlates with symptoms severity in AD (Dournaud et al., 1995; Prohovnik et al., 2006).\ning Laboratory (TNL), McGill alth University Institute, 6875 rdun), QC, Canada H4H 1R3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6032, "input_1": "It is likely to be responsible for generating the proton gradient in these organelles detected with MitoLight and Rhodamine 123 staining (Zierdt et al. 1988; Nasirudeen and Tan 2004) and MitoTracker (Hamblin et al. 2008; Stechmann et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6033, "input_1": "This is closely related to skin pigmentation as melanin has been shown to have a protective function for UV-induced melanoma and Caucasian populations show low levels of melanogenesis (Lens and Dawes, 2004; Hu et al., 2008; Jemal et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6034, "input_1": "Stimuli surfaces were irregular-shaped wooden boards manually\nplaced on a metal slope-presentation device that allowed the experimenter to quickly and accurately set the wooden board to a predetermined angle (see Durgin, Li &\nHajnal, 2010; Li and Durgin, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6035, "input_1": "These results are consistent with several studies that have suggested that miR-199a-3p is a potential tumor suppressor (24-27).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6036, "input_1": "The answer to this question is currently unknown, but experimental evidence so far suggests that non-motile mutants are at a severe disadvantage for establishing and maintaining interactions with these hosts (Black et al., 1988; Nachamkin et al., 1993; Wassenaar et al., 1993; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004; Wösten et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6037, "input_1": "The importance of these techniques has led to a recent and intensive effort to develop and understand mathematical models for use in analysis of cell proliferation data [6, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6038, "input_1": "A major drawback with NIFAS was that the applet only showed one simultaneous tree, but in order to analyze the evolution of different domains it is essential to compare their trees visually.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6039, "input_1": "Intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (IK) enhance glioma cell migration induced by chemokines such as CXCL12 (74).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6040, "input_1": "EOs have proven effective in plant protection against plant chewing and sucking insect pests, as well as flies that oviposit in fruit [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6041, "input_1": "…gametophytes and sporophytes, we conducted a preliminary analysis with all Glomus sequences from\nBotrychium (Ophioglossaceae; Kovács et al. 2007; Winther and Friedman 2007), Lycopodiaceae (Winther and Friedman 2008) and Psilotum nudum (Psilotaceae; Winther and Friedman 2009) reported in…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6042, "input_1": "Moreover, the damp effect introduced by the back-plate will cause acoustic impedance, and to decrease the sensitivity of microphones subsequently [8-9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6043, "input_1": "Recently, analyses of archived African desert dust samples collected between 1812 and 1838 by colleagues of Charles Darwin demonstrated concentrations of bacteria and fungi of 104e105 CFU g 1 (Gorbushina et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6044, "input_1": "The Hill coefficient values (“n”) were also consistent to those of the E. coli expressed P450 3A37 (Rawal et al., 2010b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6045, "input_1": "(GC) [23], Seeded Region Growing (SRG) [24], Random Walker (RW) [18], Distance Regularized Level Set (DRLSE) [25], and Laplacian Coordinates (LAP) [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6046, "input_1": "One of the main problems in distributed systems is the deadlock problem [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6047, "input_1": "Although we found manual dissection of BG01 was successful, we adapted this line to trypsin-passaging on feeders and on Matrigel to facilitate comparison with an independently-derived line, HUES-7 (Cowan et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6048, "input_1": "The saccadic movement can be made by asking the client during the examination (Kuicken et al., 2001-2002; Parker et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6049, "input_1": "Symptoms of pain and tenderness have been common complaints in the majority of cases resulting from melorheostosis of the hand, and although there are many theories regarding the etiology of pain, the cause of pain associated with is not known [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6050, "input_1": "Since cryptographic systems on medical devices are susceptible to differential power analysis and fault analysis attacks [29–40], it is critical to analyze the security of Rainbow on hardware.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6051, "input_1": "To find novel genes in the FHV-1 genome ab initio, and as a second approach to verify the annotation, the sequence was submitted to GeneMarkS (Besemer et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6052, "input_1": ", 2015), plant nursery runoff (Huett et al., 2005), barnyardmanure (Hill et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6053, "input_1": "The degree of spermatogenic failure in these patients can vary with some producing enough sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection [13, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6054, "input_1": "Previously, preeclampsia has been associated with intrauterine growth restriction, in the setting of dysfunctional placental vascular development and function (18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6055, "input_1": "Further studies are still needed to exclude other purines such as ATP and related nucleotides, due to their significant release from bladder urothelium [8,9], and since ATP in some species can inhibit or relax the bladder [33–35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6056, "input_1": "development of solutions and improvements to real-world problems (Holmström et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6057, "input_1": "Feature vectors were classified with a linear Support Vector Machine, for which we used the LIBLINEAR SVM library [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6058, "input_1": "sequence was obtained using the I-TASSER server, which has been developed to generate automated full-length tridimensional protein structural predictions [31-33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6059, "input_1": "Social support can also affect individuals’ emotional well-being, including depression, as well as any other experienced adversities (Clara et al., 2003; Hefner & Eisenberg, 2009; Zaleski et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6060, "input_1": "One of our proposed protocol is based on gossip protocols for completely decentralized distributed applications, such as an environment of [19] and guarantees causal message ordering, which is somewhat similar to temporal message ordering [12], based on logical time not physical time.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6061, "input_1": "The physical basis of the particular postulated form of U in [31] remains to be elucidated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6062, "input_1": "In this study, the Brix model [12, 13], a linear two-compartment open model where in the peripheral compartment has negligible effects on the central compartment, was used because it did not need T10 mapping or arterial input function measurements.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6063, "input_1": "These criteria were intentionally lenient to prevent discarding any viable results; in actuality, the real amplitudes of crustal plateau short-wavelength folds are likely on the order of 100 m [e.g., Ghent and Hansen, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6064, "input_1": "A and tiagabine in native preparations leads to significant prolongation of the postsynaptic response at GABAergic synapses (Dingledine & Korn, 1985; Roepstorff & Lambert, 1992, 1994; Thompson & Gähwiler, 1992; Isaacson, Solis & Nicoll, 1993; Draguhn & Heinemann, 1996; Engel et al., 1998; Rossi &…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6065, "input_1": "Life history traits are an appropriate and important focus for the study of the ecological and evolutionary importance of polyploidy because (1) life history traits are often main determinants of fitness (e.g., Levy and Feldman 2002; Otto 2007; Ramsey 2011), and (2), ploidy level has the potential to influence life history traits in both positive and negative ways (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6066, "input_1": "FIS quantifies the deviation from HWE with negative values indicating an excess of heterozygotes, and positive values indicating an excess of homozygotes (see de Meeûs et al., 2007a for a thorough explanation).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6067, "input_1": ", 2010) but also genetic or epigenetic modifications, contributing to cellular senescence (Dahl et al., 2008; Bork et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6068, "input_1": "…in bulk cytosolic Ca21 concentration, caused a significantly smaller activation of MAPK in comparison with that resulting from glutamate receptor stimulation, supports the hypothesis that MAPK requires high localized Ca 21 rises for its activation in neurons (Finkbeiner and Greenberg, 1996, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6069, "input_1": "To determine if the missing protein coding genes (belonging to the last two groups) were actually present in the draft sequence but\nData is shown for six sequencing technologies; omitted is Illumina PacBio for which there are currently only eight genome projects without any missing genes. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048837.g006\nPLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 5 December 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 12 | e48837\nhad not been predicted by Prodigal, tBLASTn was used to search for those genes in the draft contigs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6070, "input_1": ", 1997), have focused on representing specific tasks and domains, the attention has shifted to more general purpose schemas such as the Dialogue Act Markup using Several Layers (DAMSL) (Allen, 1997) and the ISO 24617-2(Bunt et al., 2010; Bunt et al., 2012), a standard for dialog act annotation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6071, "input_1": "Variability in the data, in terms of variability of each behavior relative to the variability of other behaviors, and the total variance of the whole composition, is described in Appendix 3 through a variation matrix [11, 16] within each domain.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6072, "input_1": "5 ms than a larger response (Sanger et al. 2001; Roshan et al. 2003) because SICI depends on the inhibition of late I-waves that are only recruited in larger MEPs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6073, "input_1": "…of people and evaluations of self are associated with medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) activity (e.g., Vogeley et al. 2001; Harris et al. 2005; Mitchell et al. 2005; Ochsner et al. 2005; Lindner et al. 2008; Krienen et al. 2010 but see Kelley et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6074, "input_1": "8 percent for selected rules Snort and ClamAV, compared with several existing bit-split string matching approaches in [8], [9], [10], and [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6075, "input_1": "[43] Results from this trial have been fully reported in several published papers.[43-46] Some of the results differ slightly between published papers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6076, "input_1": "As noted by Schoonbaert and Grainger (2004) and by Dehaene et al. (2005), in models using open-bigram coding schemes (Grainger & van Heuven, 2003; Whitney, 2001), repeated letters imply repetition at the bigram level.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6077, "input_1": "There is consistent evidence pointing to the contribution of a membrane receptor in dopaminergic neuroprotection exerted by estradiol [10, 33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6078, "input_1": "We note that although PSIPRED was not optimized for peptides, the resulting fragment libraries showed in practice good coverage of the peptide conformational space (in concordance with a recent report by Vanhee et al. that most peptide-protein interactions can be represented by fragment sets derived from single, non-related monomer structures [17]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6079, "input_1": "White-nose syndrome has often been assumed to be the key cause of regional population declines in hibernating bat species in the region we studied, due to repeated observations of mass mortality events associated with the disease [22,32,34,86].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6080, "input_1": "…were aimed at confirming the presence of PLCb1 in close vicinity to postsynaptic densities as previously observed by biochemical (Taguchi et al., 2007) and ultrastructural approaches (Fukaya et al., 2008), as well as to define the precise location of nuclear PLCb1 in native nervous tissue.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6081, "input_1": "…be accepted when different inhibitor concentrations are assayed and if consistent results are obtained as follows: the best-fitting model possesses the same number of components with the same amplitudes and kinetic constants for each tested inhibitor concentrations (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6082, "input_1": "Additionally, it is important to consider that most studies linking higher vancomycin MIC values to poorer therapeutic outcome have used Etest.(16,64,65) When treating individual patients with daptomycin, clinicians should also be aware that there are rare daptomycin nonsusceptible isolates present in this population of organisms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6083, "input_1": "A stock Tween 80 conidia suspension containing 6.4 x 10 8 conidia/ml was freshly prepared according to Rosengaus et al. (1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6084, "input_1": "Nevertheless, in establishing and keeping stable social relations, ‘negative’ stimuli are necessary (Ohl, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6085, "input_1": "Similar to our results, the heart exhibited a high AhRR mRNA content (Korkalainen et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6086, "input_1": "…that the activation of mTOR signaling is necessary for the increases in protein synthesis and muscle mass that occur in response to elevated mechanical loading (Bodine et al., 2001; Drummond et al., 2009; Goodman et al., 2011a; Gundermann et al., 2014; Hornberger et al., 2004; Kubica et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6087, "input_1": "The balls usually have a theme that guides how HBC members will represent their categories for that ball event, along with core categories for each dominant gender, ‘butch queen’ (gay and bisexual men) and ‘femme queen’ (transgender women) (Galindo, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6088, "input_1": "This iterative method allowed for the identification, analysis and reporting of patterns (themes) that had arisen within the data (Braun and Clarke 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6089, "input_1": "In a recent elegant study performed on choroid plexuses obtained from neonatal and adult rats and in an in vitro model of the blood-CSF barrier, the active transport of Mn through the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells was shown to be partially saturable, unidirectional (from the blood to the CSF) and influenced by prolonged exposure of both Mn and Ca (Schmitt et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6090, "input_1": "WAT collection and flow cytometry As we previously described (5, 11), human WAT (>150 samples) was obtained after the signature of an informed consent from women undergoing breast reconstruction.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6091, "input_1": "United Stated were treated with radiotherapy, and this number is expected to increase in the next several years [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6092, "input_1": "Such truncated phospholipids can activate PMNs, monocytes, eosinophils as well as platelets and are validated to be the major components of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) that promotes atherogenesis [16,25,26] in atherosclerotic plaque [27], smokers and alcoholic blood [28,29], inflamed tissues [30] and in models of cutaneous inflammation [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6093, "input_1": "In order to discern differential sensitivity to apoptosis under NG and HG conditions HG- and NG- treated cells were exposed to the apoptotic inducer DTT [37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6094, "input_1": "Moreover, canids are the only known eutherian mammals to carry a Prdm9 which has acquired disruptive mutations (Mu~noz-Fuentes et al. 2011; Ponting 2011; Axelsson et al. 2012) (a marsupial, the opossum Monodelphis domestica, has a Prdm9 which lacks zinc fingers; Ponting 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6095, "input_1": "Particularly, in non-psychiatric patients, it has repeatedly been found that an increased use of maladaptive strategies, like avoidant coping and/or decreased use of adaptive strategies involving emotionfocused or problem-focused strategies were associated with suicidal behaviour (D’Zurilla et al., 1998; Li & Zhang, 2012; Pietrzak et al., 2011; Sugawara et al., 2012; Tang & Qin, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6096, "input_1": "05).\nby guest on O ctober 6, 2016\nhttp://brain.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from\nboth KCNQ and Kir2 potassium currents (Galarraga et al., 1999;\nShen et al., 2005, 2007), thereby favouring LTP induction\n(Calabresi et al., 2000; Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6097, "input_1": "Thr545 of ACAP4 is a cognate substrate of MST4 Our recent work has established the essential role of MST4 in gastric parietal cell activation (11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6098, "input_1": "As done by the speech expert, the feature vectors resulting from featur vector concatenation were processed by the VAD (Section 4.2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6099, "input_1": "…of Ubc9 and Smt3 arrest with short spindles and high levels of Pds1\nIt was reported previously that yeast ubc9 D cells, which were kept alive by UBC9\nexpressed from the galactoseinducible GAL1-10\npromoter, arrested in mitosis upon promoter shut-off in glucose medium (Seufert et al\n., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6100, "input_1": "Based on recent knowledge, cells may not opt for the germline mutation in an attempt to counteract haploinsufficiency, which, as shown for BRCA1, results in genomic instability and premature senescence in human breast epithelial cells [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6101, "input_1": "…neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-pheyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to mimic the key clinical and pathological features of PD in man and subhuman primate species has provided a useful model in which to study treatment strategies for PD (Ballard et al., 1985; Burns et al., 1983; Crossman et al., 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6102, "input_1": "In accordance with previous studies, we used a cut-off score of .85 to assign participants to the high versus low cardiac perception group (e.g. Montoya et al., 1993; Pollatos et al., 2005; Schandry et al., 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6103, "input_1": "Concentration data were requested for As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, which represent the most common (and most commonly measured) pollutants discharged from abandoned metal mines in England and Wales (Mayes et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6104, "input_1": "…some extensions of the above factorization methods are proposed, including the TrAnsfer Learning for MUltiple Domains (TALMUD) (Moreno et al., 2012), the extended Cluster-level Latent Factor Model (CLFM) (GAO ET AL., 2013B;A) and the Cross-Domain Triadic Factorization (CDTF) (Hu et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6105, "input_1": "P-VS plots of SA1 from 11 to 60 GPa are fitted with a fourth order polynomial (R 2 = 0.9933) and P-VS plots of SA2 from 10 to 59 GPa are fitted with a quadratic function (R2 = 0.9957)\nalso observed in SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6106, "input_1": "To facilitate detection of metagenomic SSU rRNA sequences matching sequences in the SILVA database (release 126) [12], all bacterial SSU rRNA sequences ≥ 1200 bp deposited in the SILVA database (release 126) [12] were added to the initial data set and a second clustering at 97% and consecutively 85% sequence similarity threshold was performed (version 9.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6107, "input_1": "quency (2–32 kHz), and the range of BFs mapped in all regions covered the range of pinna-related frequency and ILD cues in the rat (Koka et al., 2008; Tollin and Koka, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6108, "input_1": "The effect of O2 appears to be mediated at least in part by prolyl 4-hydroxylation of Skp1, because elevated O2 levels are required by phyA – and Skp1-overexpression strains, and lower O2 is required by PhyA overexpression and Skp1B cells [10,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6109, "input_1": "Availability of high biological value of animal proteins, essential amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins and other nutrients are the other reasons to ensure its popularity among masses (Biesalski, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6110, "input_1": "shown to produce similar outcomes to FU-based chemotherapy.(122,123) The next major advance came with the addition of bevaci-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6111, "input_1": "Another approach is to fit a distribution of selective effects to the SFS (Eyre-Walker et al., 2006; Keightley and Eyre-Walker, 2007; Boyko et al., 2008; Schneider et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6112, "input_1": "All of the aforementioned methodologies assign a primary role to observation (Baker, 2006), which is defined as the “systematic recording of observable phenomena or behavior\nJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY\nin a natural setting” (Gorman & Clayton, 2005, p. 40).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6113, "input_1": "The study results support findings from similar studies using VIA screening, which have demonstrated the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of a screening program based on VIA testing [2–12,16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6114, "input_1": "Hennessy and Milner showed in (Hennessy and Milner, 1985) that, over imagefinite labelled transition systems, strong bisimilarity also coincides with the relation", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6115, "input_1": "In this section, we evaluate our approach on two challenging datasets, i.e., UCF50 [13] and HMDB51 [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6116, "input_1": ", 2009; Kelly and Simpson, 2001) and to develop practitioner roles (Williamson et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6117, "input_1": "Performing routine screening for asymptomatic CAD in all patients with type 2 DM is debatable for several reasons (26-28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6118, "input_1": "In addition, some examined the appropriate monitoring frames to reliably estimate habitual physical behaviour intensities individually [5, 6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6119, "input_1": "This concurs with other data on Myh13 expression (6) and may explain this transcript’s sensitivity to postnatal visual/vestibular deprivation (5, 7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6120, "input_1": "The gross distribution of PLCb1-immunohistochemical staining in the rat central nervous system described here is consistent with previous evidences in mice, showing a predominant expression of PLCb1 protein (Gerfen et al., 1988; Hannan et al., 1998; Hozumi et al., 2008; Fukaya et al., 2008) in cerebral cortex, caudate–putamen and hippocampus, along with lower levels in diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6121, "input_1": "The participants completed the Hand10, the DASH-JSSH [9, 10], and the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDSR) questionnaires [11] twice, with an average interval of 10 days.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6122, "input_1": "…2005), wild fires (Gancet et al., 2005; Merino et al., 2006), victims (Kuiper and NadjmTehrani, 2006; Murphy et al., 2008), objects (Stirling et al., 2010) and other targets of interest (Altshuler et al., 2008; Cole et al., 2006; Ruini and Cangelosi, 2009; Sauter et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6123, "input_1": "We adapted our paradigm from a recent study that reported significantly better recall of prices of everyday items in healthy adults when price information was consistent with prior knowledge than when it was inconsistent (Castel, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6124, "input_1": "The small proportion of 50-RACE products containing exon 1c that we previously reported for human and mouse was an underestimate caused by the difficulty of amplification of this 93% GC fragment (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6125, "input_1": "Induction of C1qa in the CNS promotes synapse elimination and synaptic dysfunction during development, neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma and AD, and aging [29,30,31,32,74].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6126, "input_1": "They are applicable in scenarios such as designing questions for reading comprehension (Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017a; Yuan et al., 2017), and justifying the visual understanding by generating questions to a given image (video) (Mostafazadeh et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6127, "input_1": "Previously published data for both fungi and bacteria are in agreement with these results (Moleyar and Narasimham 1986; Carson and Riley 1995; Griffin et al. 1999; Adegoke et al. 2000; Cox et al. 2001; Inouye et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6128, "input_1": "Care giving is defined as the process of undertaking the activities and responsibilities of care giving (Stetz & Brown, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6129, "input_1": "These concentrations are similar to those determined in prior tivozanib monotherapy trials [5, 6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6130, "input_1": "Two such factors predicting enhanced Delta REM (and thereby predicting substantial REM rebound) as suggested in several studies include: 1) a lower amount of REM sleep on diagnostic PSG (strong association) and 2) a higher severity of OSA as noted by the AHI during diagnostic PSG (weak association, if any).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6131, "input_1": "…procedures for 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were based on those described previously (Cruz-Topete et al. 2011a; Cruz-Topete et al. 2011b; Cruz-Topete et al. 2011c; Christensen et al. 2011; Ding et al. 2011; Ding and Kopchick 2011; Okada et al. 2010; Sackmann-Sala et al. 2009; List et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6132, "input_1": "Habitat use was simply defined as the percent of observed pairs associated with a given habitat type over the total number of pairs detected in all habitats (Manly et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6133, "input_1": "Communitybased cross-sectional surveys in Philippines,[21] Nigeria,[22] Bangladesh,[15] and India[19] have also reported similar findings [Table 1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6134, "input_1": "The author of case series of human patients stated that as the window width was increased, the foreign bodies were more easily identified and better differentiated from a gas or fluid build up due to the wood’s absorptive characteristics and the duration of the injury.(15)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6135, "input_1": ", 1989), numerous inositol trisphosphate receptor genes have been identified and grouped into a family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (Vannier et al., 1998; Blondel et al., 1993; Maranto, 1994; Ross et al., 1992; Sudhof et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6136, "input_1": "using the Reading Span [40], and the Digit Span, a subtest of the WAIS; Visual-motor processing and attention (VSM), was assessed with the Digit Symbol Test, a subtest of the WAIS, the Trailmaking test, part B (TMT; [41]) and the Color-WordInterference test [42], one of the most widely used paradigms for the evaluation of selective attention; Abstraction and conceptual flexibility (ABS) were assessed by means of the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (number categories and perseverative", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6137, "input_1": "[85], the technique for transforming Overlapping B-trees to a STAM can also be applied to other classical temporal access methods [84], especially to those that are modifications of the B-tree family.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6138, "input_1": "In the yeast Sac. cerevisiae, mutation in genes BNI1, BUD3, BUD6 and SPA2, which regulate polarity and proper cell development, triggers cellpolarity phenotypes (Amberg et al., 1997; Chant et al., 1995; Sagot et al., 2002; Sheu et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6139, "input_1": "Presumably, NusA stimulates formation of the DNA/RNA hybrid that substitutes for the terminator hairpin (126), consistent with previous views of NusA function (41, 138).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6140, "input_1": "IKr reduction may be caused by dual mechanisms, acute inhibition of hERG channels and chronic drug-induced disruption of hERG protein trafficking into the cell surface membrane (Ficker et al. 2004; Cordes et al. 2005; Kuryshev et al. 2005; Wible et al. 2005; Rajamani et al. 2006; Thomas et al. 2006; Guo et al. 2007; Takemasa et al. 2007; Wang et al. 2007; Van der Heyden et al. 2008; Obers et al. 2010; Staudacher et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6141, "input_1": "It performs three fundamental functions: it binds a spermatozoon—thus preventing interspecies fertilization; it induces the acrosome reaction of the spermatozoon; and, finally, immediately after fertilization, it prevents polyspermy (Baker et al. 2000; Bleil and Wassarman 1990; Herrler and Beier 1999; Serrano and Garcia-Suarez 2001;Thaler and Cardullo 2002; Yanagimachi 1994; Zhao and Dean 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6142, "input_1": "Further evidence is provided by Mammucari et al who have discovered that integration of the Notch and NFAT/calcineurin signaling pathways seems to be important for keratinocyte differentiation [6] and Zanotti et al who have identified Notch and NFAT signaling as reciprocally inhibiting pathways that together regulate osteoblast function [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6143, "input_1": "The pCEFLHA-HMGA1, pCEFL-HA-HMGA2, pCEFL-HA-HMGA1 (1–43) and pCEFL-HA-HMGA2 (1–73) vectors were previously described (Fedele et al., 2006; Pierantoni et al., 2001; Pentimalli et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6144, "input_1": "The 4-year survival of 73% in the AFB/MEVP cohort compares favorably with the long-term survival reported by other centers of excellence.(29,30) Perhaps more importantly, however, the long-term survival demonstrated with the use of AFB/MEVP equates the long-term survival reported by our group after open repair of standard infrarenal aortic aneurysms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6145, "input_1": "Instead of atzA, the functional homolog, trzN gene (Mulbry et al. 2002), may be more commonly observed in the environment (Arbeli and Fuentes 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6146, "input_1": "[22, 23, 27] In brief, the technician administered a topical anaesthetic to the participant’s eye to temporarily suppress the corneal blink reflex.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6147, "input_1": "1 was expressed with ABI1-HA or mER7 control DNA (Yoo et al., 2007) in 3 mL of protoplasts (6 3 105 cells) under standard conditions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6148, "input_1": "method developed in [6,8] and improved in [10,18], where we first discretize in space, using a Finite Difference scheme, then discretize in time, using an implicit multistep scheme, of the BDF family (Backward Differentiation Formula).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6149, "input_1": "The fastq files were trimmed and filtered with skewer [37] and aligned to the Gy14 reference genome with bwa mem [38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6150, "input_1": "Some studies suggest a conservative approach (23, 24), while others support more radical treatment (18, 25, 26); there is, however, a lack of studies distinguishing between different types of oral infections.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6151, "input_1": "The impact of additional diagnostic technologies is sensitive to the technology’s ability to improve surgical decision-making and the ability of surgery to produce cost-effective outcomes [41].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6152, "input_1": "Differences in genetic background and/or testing conditions could also contribute to the modest differences between our locomotor data and that of Tian and coworkers (Tian et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6153, "input_1": "This paper reports on the results of studies we have completed in the Victorian (Australia) public health care sector (Bartram et al., 2007, Leggat et al., 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010; Young et al., 2010; Bonias et al., 2010; Stanton et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6154, "input_1": "We previously studied laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy using a single ancillary port and we obtained similar results regarding patient satisfaction with the operation scar (Capar et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6155, "input_1": "Traditional,\ndichotomous approaches to studying teams as either dispersed or collocated mask the configuration-based effects highlighted in this study, resulting in an obvious loss of accuracy (O’Leary and Cummings 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6156, "input_1": "Conditional double mutants of trf4 with top1-7 showed ribosomal DNA (rDNA) condensation phenotypes (Sadoff et al, 1995; Castano et al, 1996), and were reported to display defects in mitotic segregation (Wang et al, 2000; Edwards et al, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6157, "input_1": "Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is located on chromosome 17q21 and is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6158, "input_1": "The same results were obtained by Winther and Nathalang [27] and by Knoll-Köhler [14], who did not determine any difference in the anaesthetic action profiles of a 2 and 4% solution of articaine or a 74-mM (=2.4% solution) and a 148-mM (=4", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6159, "input_1": "Our results concurred with a previous observation in NIH 3T3 cells during adhesion to FN (31), but contrast with the finding in HeLa cells during adhesion to gelatin (44).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6160, "input_1": "ICD indication was defined according to Class I recommendations in current clinical guidelines (4,5): chronic LVEF 30% or chronic LVEF 30% to 35% in patients in New York Heart Association functional class II or III.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6161, "input_1": "MuTAIL is a recent adaptation of this approach to the analysis of Mu insertion sites (Settles et al., 2004, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6162, "input_1": "The efficacy is defined in terms of the ARs of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups [20],", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6163, "input_1": "From results reported here, and those in previous works (recent works of particular importance to this report are: Chapple and Krans 2004; Krans and Chapple 2005), we have adopted the following conclusions: (1) The reflex generation of force is profoundly nonlinear and the first phase may act like…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6164, "input_1": "Autogenous bone grafts are still the most effective bone substitutes and are therefore considered the gold standard [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6165, "input_1": "[20] have reported postoperative results 2 years after Wxation of 200 proximal humerus fractures with the Humerusblock.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6166, "input_1": "Thus, Pro accumulation is widely considered an anti-stress indicator (Verbruggen and Hermans 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6167, "input_1": "It is safe, however, to conclude that in humans, reciprocity is considered a major value given the importance attached to norms prescribing it (Gouldner 1960) and the function of gratitude (McCullough et al. 2001; Trivers 1971).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6168, "input_1": "Hyper-parameter settings: We kept the hyper-parameter setting for the biLSTM transducer similar to the one reported in [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6169, "input_1": "…2002); (2) spike-frequency adaptation is elicited by phase 1 high-frequency spiking and acts to reduce spike rate during following depolarization\n(Krans and Chapple 2005); (3) the dynamics of muscle shortening may change with motoneuron frequency and over time when activated (Chapple 1989b;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6170, "input_1": "Because a7 subunits are glycosylated (Gotti et al., 1992; Chen et al., 1998) and possess several phosphorylation consensus sites (Seguela et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6171, "input_1": "…animal models have shown the antipsychotic and procognitive effects of asenapine (McLean et al. 2010; Marston et al. 2009; Frånberg et al. 2008), which have now been clinically validated in the treatment of acute schizophrenia (Kane et al. 2010; Potkin et al. 2007; Weber and McCormack 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6172, "input_1": "The ability of last-return LiDAR to provide within-field vegetation height was tested in a study using the Faringdon data by Davenport et al. (2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6173, "input_1": "While explanatory science takes a solution as given, design science commences earlier in the life cycle of a solution; it seeks to develop new solutions (Holmström et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6174, "input_1": "This model of practice is common for home intravenous therapy programmes in the UK (Nathwani 1995, , Nathwani and Davey 1996, Kayley 2003), however; recently this model has been revaluated (Laupland et al 2002, Cooper 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6175, "input_1": "In addition, the reduction in belowground carbon/resource inputs from vegetation can lead to competitive exclusion among closely related taxa that share a similar niche, resulting in less phylogenetic clustering (Lekberg et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6176, "input_1": "We\n1Relations between non-adjacent utterances are constrained by the structure of discourse (Webber 1991), and thus less likely than relations between adjacent utterances.\nassume that the same event can reoccur in different contexts, we are thus studying relations between types of events.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6177, "input_1": "Putative novel MLVA profiles were given numerical designations, from MLVA-0027 onwards, to follow on from the known 26 MLVA types (MLVA-A to MLVA-Z) [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6178, "input_1": "Oligonucleotides for human INF2 siRNA were previously described in Korobova et al. (2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6179, "input_1": "Macular fixation was determined using the Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO; Rodenstock, Germany) with refined software for microperimetry (Software Aachen) [38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6180, "input_1": "This experience of a nearly pain-free treatment for patients has also been reported in other studies on daylight PDT [12–15,32–34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6181, "input_1": "Consistent with other reports [12, 25, 27], our patients were predominantly Caucasian (100%), myopic (75%) and female (69%).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6182, "input_1": "Muscle enzymes (lactic dehydrogenase or LDH and creatine kinase or CK) were measured by enzymatic assays (Olympus 640 kits and equipment, Olympus Diagnostica, Hamburg, Germany) only in the marathon protocol, since they were previously found to be unchanged after short-lived exercise (22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6183, "input_1": "In patients with late stages of tumorigenesis, TGFB1 may favor a more aggressive phenotype by promoting tumor growth and resistance to apoptosis or by enhancing tumor cell motility and eventually the outgrowth of distant metastases [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6184, "input_1": "The Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment B (INTEX-B) aircraft campaign over the North Pacific and western coast of North America made measurements of OH\nand HO2 (Mao et al., 2009; Singh et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6185, "input_1": "The spectroscopic results described above parallel closely those reported earlier for C-phycocyanin and its subunits by Glazer et al. (1973), who showed that the long wavelength absorption band of the trimeric and hexameric forms of the protein arises as a consequence of interactions between the chromophores of different monomers, rather than of interactions between chromophores within the cq~ monomer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6186, "input_1": "Studies were included according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) prospective or retrospective cohort studies; (2) inclusion of patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis; (3) baseline serum ALP levels as exposure; and (4) provided multiple adjusted odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality comparing the highest with the reference lower serum ALP levels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6187, "input_1": "…N I N G M E M O R Y www.learnmem.org\nies that used object-based DNMS tasks (Aggleton et al. 1986; Rothblat and Kromer 1991; Jackson-Smith et al. 1993; Kesner et al. 1993; Rawlins et al. 1993; Shaw and Aggleton 1993; Yee and Rawlins 1994; Glenn and Mumby 1996; Mumby et al. 1996; Cassaday and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6188, "input_1": "The mesenchymal type has been reported to present the worst prognostic among GBM subtypes (28, 29).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6189, "input_1": "OX1 expression can be upregulated on microglia during CNS inflammation (Sedgwick et al., 1991) and there was some overlap of OX1 fluorescence between\nour FSChigh OX1high and FSClow OX1low populations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6190, "input_1": "CVL1 and CVP2 dephosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 and, by acting in opposition to\nPIP-kinases (Carland and Nelson, 2009; Carland and Nelson, 2004), help tightly regulate the levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2 necessary for initiation of endocytosis during PIN1 trafficking (Rodriguez-Villalon et al., 2015; Tejos et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6191, "input_1": "Although this study was not designed to assess efficacy, repeat imaging was performed and evaluated using RECIST every two cycles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6192, "input_1": "Dialog Acts are annotated on functional segments (FSs) (Bunt et al., 2010; Bunt et al., 2012): minimal spans of text that express one or more dialog intents.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6193, "input_1": "In agreement with results from a previous study in this laboratory (17), administration of 2 mg/kg body wt MDP significantly inhibited food intake in the second experiment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6194, "input_1": "Moreover, comparable results were obtained in an in vivo imaging study on mice, which was performed with the highly resolving U-SPECT [30]; in this investigation, intraperitoneal application of 2.5 mg/kg amphetamine led to a 27% reduction of [123I]IBZM binding relative to baseline.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6195, "input_1": "Some investigators have demonstrated only brainstem LBD using histochemical methods [43] while others have demonstrated limbic LBD [41], and still others neocortical LBD [54, 82] in cases of AD caused by mutations in APP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6196, "input_1": "Intact, beating hearts from young ( 4 wk, n 37) and old ( 52 wk, n 37) guinea pigs were prepared by the Langendorff method and perfused with Krebs-Ringer (KR) solution as previously described by us in detail (1, 2, 9, 10, 35, 37, 38).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6197, "input_1": "Several studies previously reported that the abundant proteins or LPS on the surface of outer membrane were suitable as targets for vaccine and diagnosis of leptospirosis such as outer membrane proteins [38,39], LIC11207 [40], OmpL1 [41,42], MPL17 and MPL21 [43], HbpA [44], LigA [45], LP29 and LP49 [46], LipL32 [47-50], LipL21 [50,51], LipL41 [42], flagellin protein [52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6198, "input_1": "Moreover, this idea is supported by a recently published meta-analysis that analyzed 11 studies and depicted that long-term and well-described short-term outcomes suggest that colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery could be a promising alternative strategy for patients with MLBO.16\n Meanwhile, a Danish nationwide cohort study reported a higher 5-year recurrence risk in the SEMS group (39% vs. 30%), but with similar 5-year overall survival rate.17 Whether the increased recurrence risk of patients with colonic stenting compared to those that performed primary surgery is a result of perforation or other prognostic factors, it is still unknown.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6199, "input_1": "The ENCODE findings were recently expanded by Xu et al [42] demonstrating a major role of histone modifications in developmentally regulated globin gene expression.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6200, "input_1": "…the female skeletomuscular system\nFlightlessness of females of Geometridae is usually linked with a specific set of ecological traits (Snäll et al. 2007; Wahlberg et al. 2010) and also reflects some general trends of flightlessness in pterygote insects (Roff 1986, 1990; Wagner and Liebherr 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6201, "input_1": "These data support the conclusions drawn from in vitro translation studies performed in our laboratory previously (23), but contrast with conclusions drawn from other studies (31, 32, 38).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6202, "input_1": "When the observation was finished, we measured the colony size by using the same method as described above (SkoÃÅrka et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6203, "input_1": "Several studies described the positive correlation between the expression of mature miR-99a and primary miR-99a and that of their host gene C21orf34/LINC00478 in liver and prostate cancer tissues, suggesting the possible cotranscription of miR-99a with C21orf34 [10,47].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6204, "input_1": "Despite these differences in stimuli we found a similar network of activations as in a previous study [21], suggesting that even ambiguous gesture information activates semantic representations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6205, "input_1": "found that the foveal avascular zone in the deep retinal capillary layer was larger in the RVO eyes than in the fellow eyes in 12 patients with BRVO and 4 patients with CRVO [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6206, "input_1": "…et al. 2000; Fornalé et al. 2010) or acting as a competitive inhibitor of MYB activators by sequestering bHLH proteins and therefore operating within the MBW complex (Aharoni et al. 2001; Paolocci et al. 2011; Matsui et al. 2008; Dubos et al. 2008; Albert et al. 2011), required to be investigated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6207, "input_1": "Jensen and Potts [15] explain that text with long words and/or long sentences are more difficult to read.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6208, "input_1": "This device also calculates beat-to-beat cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and total peripheral resistance (TPR), using the Modelflow technique [33–35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6209, "input_1": "For each mapped RNA-seq library, we then estimated the expression level of each transcript with its respective error, for each allele in a Cast/EiJ×C57Bl/6J diploid transcriptome using MMSEQ (Turro et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6210, "input_1": "Previously reported naive-state hPSCs can be propagated in an LIF-dependent state in a manner akin to that of mESCs using a cocktail of small molecules (Gafni et al., 2013; Chan et al., 2013; Theunissen et al., 2014; Valamehr et al., 2014;Ware et al., 2014; Duggal et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6211, "input_1": "…distributions of the vector h and its covariance matrix are derived from the posterior distributions of the vector z and its covariance matrix (Prince and Elder, 2007) which we will find later at the E-step:\nhðs;rÞm D E\nzðs;rÞm\nhðs;rÞm h ðs;rÞT m D E zðs;rÞm zðs;rÞ T m D E ðA:6Þ\nSo we…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6212, "input_1": "Haruno & Kawato, 2006), it is important to note that there is ample evidence from functional magnetic imaging experiments that in humans prediction errors are indeed encoded in the dorsal striatum (e.g. Valentin & O’Doherty, 2009; Cooper et al., 2011), including regions of dorsal putamen most comparable to rat DLS (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6213, "input_1": "Glutamate can also be biosynthesized from a-ketoglutarate and ammonia by two NADdependent GLDH Gdh1 and Gdh3 [52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6214, "input_1": "Our GSSM uses the BiGG nomenclature (Schellenberger et al., 2010), and therefore, our map is of direct value for all GSSMs that utilize this commonly used nomenclature.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6215, "input_1": "Since p47 can serve as part of both the NOX1 and NOX2 complexes in certain cells (24), we hypothesized that NOX2 may compensate for the lack of NOX1 in vivo.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6216, "input_1": "…was implemented by examining the magnitude of superioinferior breast displacement (the direction in which the greatest breast displacement occurred; Scurr et al., 2010) of each breast, within each participant, and assigning the breast with the greatest superioinferior displacement as the dominant…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6217, "input_1": "In the discussion of their paper, Hendriks et al. (2014) recognized that the speakers might not always have clearly established the second character as the new topic (i.e., as the referent in focus) before their Maintain-2 position.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6218, "input_1": "Also, in the light of studies (Mazza et al., 2001; Bosco et al., 2009a) to the effect that the deficit of mindreading in patients with schizophrenia affects certain components of ToM more heavily than others, we expected in AUD, but not in control subjects, that: (d) Second-order ToM would be more…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6219, "input_1": "Post-mortem studies have shown that cholinergic markers depletion strongly correlates with symptoms severity in AD (Dournaud et al., 1995; Prohovnik et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6220, "input_1": "…et al., 1989), increasing permeant ion concentration (Green et al., 1987; MacKinnon and Miller, 1988; Giangiacomo et al., 1992; Murrell-Lagnado and Aldrich, 1993b) or by introducing, and altering the concentration of, an ‘‘inert’’ cation (Anderson et al., 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6221, "input_1": "Our genealogy, based on many alleles but only the first exon of bindin, is not entirely consistent with that of McCartney and Lessios (2004), based on fewer alleles but incorporating the entire molecule.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6222, "input_1": "Fortunately, the convertibility rule happens to be implemented quite efficiently in Coq [1,2], so it becomes possible to automatically prove some propositions on real numbers by simply evaluating programs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6223, "input_1": "The study results support findings from similar studies using VIA screening, which have demonstrated the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of a screening program based on VIA testing [2–12,16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6224, "input_1": "The common option to deal with multiple classes is to map this task into a set of single-label classification tasks by performing data transformations (Tsoumakas and Katakis 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6225, "input_1": "In fact, insulin itself was proven to be a growth factor by its affinitywith the insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptors, and stimulatory for the synthesis and release of adipokines (such as leptin) in adipose tissue [40].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6226, "input_1": "However, US and MW contrast strongly in protection levels, as US lacks law enforcement on the ground and therefore human disturbance is high (Rovero et al. 2012); 3) Matundu (MT) is the largest (526 km) forest block in the Udzungwa range, and is predominantly lowland (280–1,000 m a.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6227, "input_1": "duced if 80 bp always commit the system to the formation of irreversible products (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6228, "input_1": "These methods have been used in identifying causal regulators in yeast (Friedman et al., 2000; Pe’er et al., 2001; Segal et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2008; Bing and Hoeschele, 2005; Kulp and Jagalur, 2006) and causal mediators of disease in mice (Schadt et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6229, "input_1": "invertebrate divergence time is more reliable than theirs, because mitochondrial genes they used are not evolving in a clocklike fashion in vertebrates (Nikoh et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6230, "input_1": "The term lesser known species does not imply that the species are unknown, but rather they presently constitute the bulk of wood that finds no economic use (Barany et al. 2003). Hansom (1983) and ITTO (2007) described lesser-known species as those species for which current commercial demand is below their forest production potentials. Freezaillah (1984) also defined an LKS as a commercially less accepted species left in the forest after a logging operation. In this context, LKS have also been called secondary species, unpopular species, non-obligatory species and weed species. More efficient species utilization of LKS requires information on their technical, physical andchemical properties, as well as availability and abundance. This information is very important in maintaining the sustainability of tropical ecosystems, especially species diversity. According to Freezaillah (1984), about 93% of tropical forest volume consists of LKS, many of which are presently being burnt or otherwise wasted through logging operations, agricultural conversion (including shifting cultivation), hydroelectricity projects and conversion into plantations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6231, "input_1": "145) and is particularly useful for studying social phenomena about which little is known (Beck, 2004; Wuest, 2007). Because the goal of grounded theory is to generate a formal substantive theory that accounts for a main concern and pattern of behavior that is relevant to those involved (Glaser, 1978), it was a logical approach to examining what men find most challenging about responding to experiences of WPB and how they went about addressing these challenges, an area about which little is known. The focus on contextual influences that is characteristic of grounded theory allowed us to explore and understand factors that accounted for variation in how men responded to bullying such as gender. Even though our approach to grounded theory is rooted in the original strategies outlined by Glaser and Strauss (1967) and subsequent writings by Glaser (1978, 1992, 1998), we believe that knowledge gained from research is shaped by both the researcher and participants and thus is socially constructed (Charmaz, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6232, "input_1": "These results are in accordance with the studies of Appenroth et al. (1997) and Mansour et al. (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6233, "input_1": "Under 1 mmol m 2 s 1 red light, prr5-1 and ZTL-ox displayed longer hypocotyls, whereas ztl mutants and 35S-PRR5 showed shorter hypocotyls (Figure 8A) (Sato et al., 2002; Yamamoto et al., 2003; Somers et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6234, "input_1": "Important conclusions were also reached in lower frequency bands, as studies by Başar-Eroğlu et al. (2007), Schmiedt et al. (2005) and Ford et al. (2008) showed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6235, "input_1": "Secondly, we generated random AFs using afgen generator from [37] under the Erdös-Renýi random graph model, generating a total of 50 AFs using 630 and 1% as the number of arguments and the edge probability, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6236, "input_1": "Seasonal extensions of the models of Granger (1980), Parke (1999) and Diebold & Inoue (2001) are developed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6237, "input_1": "These are within the range of application rates from other studies in this area that demonstrated a significant effect of fertilizer addition [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6238, "input_1": "Recently, the echocardiographic proximal flow convergence method has been used to quantify the instantaneous mitral regurgitant flow and instantaneous effective regurgitant orifice area in patients with mitral regurgitation (14,15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6239, "input_1": "Indeed, it has been reported that venom toxin affects type 1 myofibers, in which Arpp/Ankrd2 tends to be expressed (Tsukamoto et al. 2002), more than type 2 myofibers (Gutierrez and Ownby 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6240, "input_1": "In all methods, the SVM problem with Gaussian and linear kernel are solved by sequential minimal optimization algorithm (Platt, 1998) and dual coordinate descent algo-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6241, "input_1": ", 2001), although older adults are more likely to engage in the former type of physical activity (duration ratio = 3:1; Yasunaga et al., 2006), and (b) the accelerometer becomes less accurate when measuring lowintensity physical activity such as general household chores or yard work (Aadahl & Jorgensen; DiPietro et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6242, "input_1": "The previous studies confirm that feeding healthy rats a fructose diet results in insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension (Johnson et al., 2007; Suzuki et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6243, "input_1": "WES-based study that primarily focused on known candidate genes, and 5 out of 12 probands previously studied using aCGH screening [11, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6244, "input_1": "To answer this research question, we develop an analysis tool, written in Rascal [27], that computes a set of metrics on the control corpus C0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6245, "input_1": "Epitopes that were predicted by the two programs simultaneously (excluding those previously identified [9]) were synthesized using the Spot synthesis method [14] on derivatized cellulose membranes with an Ala-Ala linker; peptide size ranged from 9 to 14 amino acids [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6246, "input_1": "11) that resulted in a more forked, vab-like phenotype in the p1p2cvp2 triple mutant,\nthese results suggest that PATL1/2 act in the same pathway as these functionally redundant 5PTases (Carland and Nelson, 2009; Carland and Nelson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6247, "input_1": "DNA extraction products were used as template in PCR for 16S rRNA genes with primer sets Bacteria-specific 27f/ 1492r [40] and Archaea-specific 21f/1492r [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6248, "input_1": "Gene expression profiles data GSE27276 [12] was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database (http://www.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6249, "input_1": "sex, age, BMI, eating habits, sample size), as well as metabolic factors [2,8], and in our study, the degrees of correlation were found to vary according to age group, but not sex.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6250, "input_1": "A phosphoproteomic study of S. acidocaldarius revealed a high number of phosphoproteins, including also AbfR1 (Reimann et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6251, "input_1": "Based on these pharmacological studies showing increased severity of ALI with CD73 inhibition, we next pursued the effects of mechanical ventilation on ALI in previously characterized cd73 / mice (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6252, "input_1": "Our data further confirm results of miRNA analysis on the same animals that showed target gene enrichment in similar pathways and gene networks [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6253, "input_1": "The neuroprotective mechanisms of TPM appear to be related not only to AMPA and kainate receptors inhibition [92,94-97], but also to blockade of Na channels [98], high voltage-activated calcium currents [85], carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes [99], and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) [100].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6254, "input_1": "The fMRI paradigm used in the present study is directly analogous to the radial-arm maze task that was used originally to identify a specific role for the dorsolateral striatum (equivalent to the putamen in primates) in the formation of S-R associations in rodents [McDonald and Hong, 2004; Packard, 1999; Packard et al., 1989].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6255, "input_1": "Defect size was classified into the A-D scale described by Lally and the CDH study group [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6256, "input_1": "Mendham et al. (2014) reported no change in TNF-α after 8 weeks of either SSG’s or moderate-intensity cycling, despite a reduction in fat mass in both groups.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6257, "input_1": "CYP2D6 has been associated with polymorphism on the variability of the pharmacokinetics of some drugs [14, 17, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6258, "input_1": "A novel study employed in situ biotraps with Bio-sep beads amended with 13C-labeled benzene or toluene followed by lipid extraction of the attached microbial community to verify biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms (Geyer et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6259, "input_1": "9 m pools [16, 19, 28, 30, 34] and 50 m pools [29, 33, 36]; in some cases the pool size was not stated [31, 35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6260, "input_1": "Four items measured anthropomorphism, defined as attributing\nhumanlike mental capacities of agency and experience to it (Epley et al., 2007; Gray et al., 2007; Waytz et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6261, "input_1": "Each individual was also weighed, examined for injuries and reproductive state, and most were subject to a number of standard morphometric measurements, including canine height, head length, body length, and testis length and width (see Schmid and Kappeler 1994 for de®nitions).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6262, "input_1": "In particular, as shown in [4], [5], and [6], the memory-based string matching engine allows on-the-fly update of memory contents for high reconfigurability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6263, "input_1": "Those characteristics were described by Davies and Laird [8], but no measurements were done.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6264, "input_1": "Furthermore, morphine produces locomotor sensitization in C57 but not DBA mice (Orsini et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6265, "input_1": "During seven consecutive courses between 2008 and 2010, participants were asked to complete a paper-andpencil survey adapted from the recommended survey in the ASCRS/SAGES guidelines for a laparoscopic colectomy course [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6266, "input_1": "Moreover, there is now good convergence to support the three subscales within the I-QoL following the results of two studies [18, 20] and the present findings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6267, "input_1": "For example, previous work has suggested that FMD is significantly correlated with BMI [44] and indices of abdominal adiposity, such as waist-to-hip ratio [22] or visceral fat content [21,33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6268, "input_1": "Ten percent of the specimens (both positive and negative) collected in both surveys were sent to the Global Clinical Viral Laboratory (GCVL) in Durban, South Africa for external quality assessment and the results had a 99% agreement rate with TDRC [21,22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6269, "input_1": "The same happens with the presence of cortical atrophy and even with atrophy of the corpus callosum observed in certain autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis [17, 19, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6270, "input_1": "…al., 2010), prediction of cell wall lytic enzymes (Ding et al., 2009), prediction of lipases types (Zhang et al., 2008), predicting conotoxin superfamily and family (Mondal et al., 2006), predicting the cofactors of oxidoreductases (Zhang and Fang, 2008), and others (e.g., Georgiou et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6271, "input_1": "We also estimated the prevalence of other risk factors for falls and fractures, including osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, ataxia, visual impairment, deafness and delirium, using ICD-10-AM codes also tested on the VAED [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6272, "input_1": "Previous work from our laboratory and others has shown that Ebp2, Brx1, Nop12, and r-protein L8 associate with preribosomes during early steps of 60S subunit assembly and coimmunoprecipitate (co-IP) early 66S pre-rRNA intermediates (25, 26, 28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6273, "input_1": "This behavior has been observed in Calliphoridae under conditions of captivity (Dale and Prudot 1987) and in nature, where females lay eggs in the natural openings of cadavers or in wounds such that newly emerged larvae can quickly find a substrate for food (Byrd and Castner 2010). It is also observed that females eat meat after each oviposition; this behavior has been observed in many species of Diptera with anautogenous females, who need protein feed for the development of their ovarian follicles (Chapman 1975). The average number of ovipositions registered in this study was 3.65 ± 2.14, with a maximum of 9 batches/ female and 199 ± 45 (min 76, max 302) eggs/batch (n = 127), and a female required 16.6 ± 1.84 min for each oviposition event (n = 10). Dale and Prudot (1987) found similar results for C.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6274, "input_1": "Cytotoxici ty against fresh solid tumor cells by unman ipula ted lymphocytes were demonst ra ted in 20%-33% of the patients [12, 10, 6, 14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6275, "input_1": "In neurodegenerative diseases, patients suffering from ALS or FTLD exhibit cytoplasmic translocation of TDP-43.(14,15,17,18,31) In this study, we showed a similar translocation pattern of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following CVB3 infection.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6276, "input_1": "It has been demonstrated in numerous experiments that anonymous pre-play communication increases cooperation in social dilemmas and improves bargaining efficiency (Sally, 1995; Camerer, 2003; Valley et al., 2002; Ellingsen and Johannesson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6277, "input_1": "…cells incubated with 50 lM Cd2+ for 3 h in SFM, E-cadherin expression at the cell borders was diminished, probably as a consequence of disruption of the homodimeric E-cadherin interaction and subsequent degradation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Rothen-Rutishauser et al. 2002; Miyoshi and Takai 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6278, "input_1": "A large scale experimental study was conducted in (Hulse et al. 2007), but datasets used in the study are not publicly available.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6279, "input_1": "However, among the additional genes from the microarray that are upregulated by EBF activity we found lhx9 and lmo4, which are homologous to apterous, a known target of Collier in Drosophila [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6280, "input_1": "In addition to expression in the fetus, Igf2 is expressed by the placenta (Constância et al. 2002) and mice lacking the placenta-specific Igf2 transcript show IUGRaswell as placentas that are small and have altered nutrient transport (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004; Sferruzzi-Perri et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6281, "input_1": "For seeking the optimal value of Wh of the sub-problems which corresponds to the h-th level, we can solve the problem by the smoothing proximal gradient (SPG) method [6] fortunately.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6282, "input_1": "Archaea were assayed using the primer pairs 20F [61] and 1492R, 20F and 1406R [62], 20F and 519R [63] with the same PCR conditions used to amplify bacterial 16S rDNA, except 40 cycles were used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6283, "input_1": "Similar results were obtained by Chiarella and his colleagues, who compared single and multiplex immunization strategies and showed that the latter was the most effective [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6284, "input_1": "Although our cohort also consisted of treatment naïve patients with symptom duration of less than six months, we found that IL-21 levels were not elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls, a finding which is in contrast to the results of other authors (Rasmussen et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6285, "input_1": "It arises from the humerus, elbow lateral collateral ligament, and ulna to insert onto the radius by two layers: superficial and deep [8, 18, 33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6286, "input_1": "These methods have been used in tremor research to study the relation between muscle activity (electromyogram (EMG)) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) [Volkmann et al., 1996; Tass et al., 1998], between EMG and electroencephalogramm (EEG) [Jasper & Andrews, 1938; Schwab & Cobb, 1939; Hellwig et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6287, "input_1": "However, recently, camelpox has been described as a possible zoonosis with three human cases identified and laboratory confirmed in India [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6288, "input_1": "…1978; Jones, 2000), annual water loss (e.g., Bosch and Hewlett, 1982; Komatsu, 2003), subsurface stormflow volume (Freer et al., 2002), the relationship between upslope pore pressure dynamics and\nhillslope discharge (Uchida et al., 2004) or event water ratio (e.g., Pearce, 1990; Buttle, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6289, "input_1": "Our results are also consistent with earlier data suggesting that when DNA synthesis is inhibited in animal cells, additional replication origins fire that otherwise remain dormant (Ockey and Saffhill 1976; Taylor 1977; Francis et al. 1985; Painter 1985; Griffiths and Ling 1987; Anglana et al. 2003; Gilbert 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6290, "input_1": "The high concentration of Ca in the cytosol activates several proteases and other proteins that lead to dysfunction and destruction of organelle membranes and corruption of normal metabolism [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6291, "input_1": "o) was administered 14 days after the induction of MFB lesion, for 10 consecutive days (Ferruzzi et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6292, "input_1": "This strain shows accelerated age-related hearing loss (Henry and Chole, 1980; Hunter and Willott, 1987; Mikaelian, 1979; Spongr et al., 1997; Willott, 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6293, "input_1": "Insects are ideal systems to investigate the interplay between infection and behavior.(12,14) The fruit fly Drosophila is especially amenable to these studies, as it is one of the best developed model systems for host-pathogen interactions(15) and behavioral ecology and genetics.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6294, "input_1": "CR1‐like Superfamily Phylogenetic Analyses Vertebrate nucleotide sequences belonging to the CR1‐like retrotransposon superfamily were retrieved using Repbase Update (Jurka et al., 2005) as well as through systematic BLASTanalysis of public databases accessible from NCBI (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/Blast.cgi) and Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/Multi/blastview) servers, resulting in a set of 844 vertebrate nucleotide sequences.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6295, "input_1": "This is in close agreement with the histopathological findings in TSC, which has shown a disruption in normal cortical lamination, abnormal cell differentiation and reduction in density of myelinated fibers and number of normal neurons [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6296, "input_1": "This differs from the results of previous studies where learning affects both searching and handling efficiency (Werner et al. 1981; Dill 1983; Ehlinger 1989a, b; Croy and Hughes 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6297, "input_1": "Salton’s cosine was used for normalization in both the cited and the citing directions (Salton & McGill, 1983; Ahlgren et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6298, "input_1": "Importantly, over 80% of these patients suffered from comorbidities that are associated with accelerated disease progression [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6299, "input_1": "3; Appendix S4), however, indicate changes in regional bat abundances throughout the study period, including declines in all species that began prior to the wide proliferation of white-nose syndrome in the region beginning in 2008–2010, and prior even to the first detection of white-nose syndrome in 2006 [22,34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6300, "input_1": "Autophagy activity also contributes to the necrosis-like degeneration of six touch receptor neurons caused by a toxic ion channel variant encoded by mec-4(u231) (26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6301, "input_1": "In a related approach, Daunizeau et al. (2009)) replaced the standard dipole source— used in neural mass models — with the principal Fourier mode of a neural field, for the particular case of exponentially decaying synaptic density over the cortical surface.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6302, "input_1": "In absence of FGF activity, patterning is thus significantly reduced because of a defective migration of epiblast cells through the primitive streak (Deng et al., 1994; Yamaguchi et al., 1994; Sun et al., 1999; Guo and Li, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6303, "input_1": "Transient expression of SV40 small t activates MEK and MAP kinase in a PP2A-dependent fashion (51, 53), but the precise role of PP2A in the Ras/MAP kinase pathway is unresolved.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6304, "input_1": "…of E-cadherin and b -catenin expression in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells by immunofluorescence labelling and immunoblotting\nCell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca2+-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6305, "input_1": "Figure 1 shows a 2DNEPHGE silver-stained gel from normal liver [47], in which new and previously identified spots were labelled in black and gray, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6306, "input_1": "coli cells, corresponding cDNA fragments were cloned into the expression vector pGEMEX-2Nde, which contained an isopropyl-2-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG)–inducible promoter (Thöny et al. 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6307, "input_1": "For detection of Glut 1, 7.5% gels were loaded with 30 mg protein and probed with 1:200 dilution of Glut1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, # sc-1605).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6308, "input_1": "However, contrary to our results, a previous report suggested that the effect of concomitant IR recession on horizontal deviation was negligible, although a mild increase in surgical response was found in patients who underwent concomitant IR recession [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6309, "input_1": "For example, healthy SN? adults exhibit normal performance on pegboard tests (Berg et al. 1999a, 2001b, 2002; Mehnert et al. 2010) and normal (Berg et al. 1999a, 2002) or impaired (Berg et al. 2001b) performance on maximal finger tapping tests.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6310, "input_1": "To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments on three commonly used datasets that provide multiple feature representations, including Oxford Flowers17 dataset (Nilsback and Zisserman 2006), Oxford Flowers102 dataset (Nilsback and Zisserman 2008) and Caltech101 dataset (Fei-Fei, Fergus, and Perona 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6311, "input_1": "This transmembrane protein is mainly concentrated in tricellular tight junctions (tTJ) in the epithelial cells of all tissues, including cochlear supporting cells, hair cells and marginal cells of stria vascularis, and also weakly present in bicellular tight junctions (bTJ) [5, 6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6312, "input_1": "Following Baker et al. (2012), I include 6 lags in the VAR and I identify a policy uncertainty shock by ordering the policy uncertainty index first in yt and using a Cholesky decomposition of the estimated covariance matrix.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6313, "input_1": "Erwinia spp. produce the hydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine E (Feistner et al. 1993; Kachadourian et al. 1996) and the specific TonB-dependent ferrioxamine receptor FoxR, both involved in iron uptake.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6314, "input_1": "The current distributions of the 1066 species of marine fish and invertebrates, representing the average pattern of relative abundance in recent decades (i.e. 1980–2000), were produced using an algorithm developed by the Sea Around Us Project (see Close et al. 2006; Cheung et al. 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6315, "input_1": "…memory\nINTRODUCTION\nEmerging studies have shown that auditory beat stimulation can affect mood states in terms of levels of anxiety (Le Scouarnec et al., 2001; Padmanabhan et al., 2005; Weiland et al., 2011) and well-being (Lane et al., 1998; Le Scouarnec et al., 2001; Wahbeh et al., 2007a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6316, "input_1": "These findings were supported by additional studies indicating that knockdown of EAAT3 resulted in both epilepsy and limbic hyperexcitability (Sepkuty et al., 2002; Mathews and Diamond, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6317, "input_1": "…ranged in age between 8 and 12 weeks and weighed between 22 and 35 g.\nAuditory Function\nAuditory function was evaluated using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) as described in our earlier reports (Chen et al. 2010; Jamesdaniel et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6318, "input_1": "Because PCR requires a high-quality DNA template in terms of DNA integrity and purity, the method used to extract the DNA from the starting material is critical, as pointed out by other Authors [13,14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6319, "input_1": "Family, twin, and adoption studies have shown that genetic factors are implicated in the etiology of alcohol use disorders [McGue et al., 1996; Heath et al., 1997; McGue, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6320, "input_1": "PL directly binds to and inhibits the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP1) resulting in a decrease in glutathione levels and subsequent promotion of cancer-selective cell death by increasing the ROS levels (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6321, "input_1": "A proposed model equation can only be accepted when different inhibitor concentrations are assayed and if consistent results are obtained as follows: the best-fitting model possesses the same number of components with the same amplitudes and kinetic constants for each tested inhibitor concentrations (Estévez and Vilanova 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6322, "input_1": "For theWLMtrial [56], participantswere required to have lost aminimumof 4 kg during the six-month active weight loss phase to be randomized to a maintenance treatment group.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6323, "input_1": "Given there is no quantitative method for comparing VBM pre-processing algorithms besides comparison to empirically derived information we report a qualitative comparison of our findings with well-established anatomical distribution patterns associated with AD pathology (Braak and Braak, 1991; Frisoni et al., 2010; Hyman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6324, "input_1": "Risk factors for perforation include older age, difficulty and length of the procedure, length of sphincterotomy, periampullary diverticulum of the duodenum, abnormal anatomy (Billroth II gastrectomy), dilated bile duct, biliary duct stricture, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, and papillary stenosis [16–18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6325, "input_1": "These criteria were assessed through parent and child interviews using the German version Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL, Version 1.0.; Kaufman et al., 1997) and an in-house health questionnaire.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6326, "input_1": "…around the soccer field (outside the touch and goal lines, which were extensions of the halfway line or penalty area approximately 3–30 m from each line) because multiple perpendicular views were recommended to obtain more accurate results using the MBIM technique (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6327, "input_1": "(1995) found a mosaic pattern of staining of neurons, including Purkinje cells, from a MERRF patient who exhibited a moderate proportion of mutant DNA in brain (55% in brain total DNA and 59% in brain mitochondrial DNA; Lombes et al., 1992) when they used antisera directed against cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. The data that we have obtained in the present work on the Purkinje cell pairs would suggest that, among those cells, the level of mutant mtDNA varied very little from cell to cell. Thus, the mosaic phenotype observed by Sparaco et al. (1995) may have arisen from a failure of the residual wild-type DNA to complement the mutant DNA in some cells because of an unfavorable segregation of the two genotypes within the cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6328, "input_1": "6756 [age, years]; Roza & Shizgal, 1984), multiplying resting energy expenditure by an activity factor to estimate nonexercise activity thermogenesis (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, & United Nations University, 2001; Livingstone et al., 1991; National Academy of Sciences, 2005), and adding an estimate of average daily exercise energy expenditure calculated using activity-specific metabolic equivalents from the American College of Sports Medicine Compendium of Physical Activity (Ainsworth et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6329, "input_1": "Chloroquine and the bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 (BAM8-22) elicit itch-related scratching through MrgprA3 and MrgprC11, respectively, in mice (Liu et al. 2009), and BAM8-22 elicits itch in humans (Sikand et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6330, "input_1": "The distress caused by BDD in the social and professional spheres of life may be extreme in some individuals.[23] One of our patients avoided marriage, and another patient refused to work in dusty surroundings limiting his job opportunities.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6331, "input_1": "Proteins trafficked to the rhoptries involve the action of the normally endocytic Rab5 [22], adaptin 1 and sortillin [24] and a microneme proteome identified several proteins generally associated with recycling endosomes including Rab11 and syntaxin 13.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6332, "input_1": "The two-locus VRN-2/ VRN-1 epistatic interaction model of Yan et al. (2004a) provides a genetic mechanism to explain these opposite phenotypes and is supported by the results of this work and others (Danyluk et al., 2003; Murai et al., 2003; Trevaskis et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6333, "input_1": "senhousia, as well as other alien species, might initially increase local species number; however, through strong direct or indirect effects, it might lead to reduced species richness of native species, and a decrease in the abundance of remaining species (Ruiz et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6334, "input_1": "On the one hand, BC264 is devoid of anxiogenic effects (Derrien et al. 1994; Charrier et al. 1995), and exerts psychostimulant and memory-reinforcing properties (Ladurelle et al. 1997; Léna et al. 1999; Sebret et al. 1999); it\nB. Bellier .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6335, "input_1": "5); Severe proliferation defects and general growth retardation\nNR Lagger et al. 2002; Kim et al. 2008; Bardai et al. 2012; Kim and Bae 2011\nHDAC 2 Nucleus Die within 24h after birth; Severe cardiac defects Enhanced memory, LTP Montgomery et al. 2007; Guan et al. 2009; Kim and Bae 2011; Morris et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6336, "input_1": "Under simplifying assumptions, we have analytically shown how disynaptic inhibition that is as fast as mono-synaptic excitation can extend the effective range of inhibitory interactions, in contrast to the recent analytical results showing that in the case of equal synaptic delays on all connections the disynaptic inhibition has negligible effects (Muir and Cook, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6337, "input_1": "This is the case if we choose, e.g., a rational function field over an algebraic number field (Schneider, 2005b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6338, "input_1": "A number of studies have reported similar conclusions (Dauncey 1990; Esparza et al. 2000; Johannsen and Ravussin 2008; Levine 2004; Levine et al. 1999, 2001a; Schoeller 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6339, "input_1": "The recent identification of lymphatic endothelial-specific markers, such as hyaluronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1) [2], has greatly increased attention on how lymphangiogenesis, the growth of lymphatic vessels, is regulated in the tumor microenvironment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6340, "input_1": "Most of the various studies on axillary odor—its chemistry, gender differences, intensity, and related microorganisms— have been performed on Caucasians (Russell, 1976; Doty et al., 1978; Leyden et al., 1981; Rennie et al., 1991; Zeng et al., 1991, 1992, 1996a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6341, "input_1": "This approach, however, entails a 11 to 20% risk of intraperitoneal bleeding [11, 12, 22], and pediatric experience in this area is limited to small case series [10, 13, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6342, "input_1": "To model a large class of such situations von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944) came up with a definition of a simple game which is the simplest possible type of a cooperative game, where the payoffs of coalitions are either 1 or 0, i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6343, "input_1": "Prompted by these observations, recent modeling approaches rely on excitable dynamics to describe gradient sensing and chemotaxis (Xiong et al., 2010; Hecht et al., 2011; Neilson et al., 2011; Cooper et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2013; Knoch et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6344, "input_1": "A high viral load in blood, severe thrombocytopenia, and platelet dysfunction may result in increased capillary fragility (Ojha et al., 2017), clinically manifested as petechiae, easy bruising, and gastrointestinal mucosal bleeding (Deshwal et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6345, "input_1": "…that are involved in cancer because mutations that occur in protein coding genes can result in missense mutations, and methods have been developed for identifying which of these mutations are drivers as opposed to simply passengers (Carter et al., 2009; Kaminker et al., 2007; Youn & Simon, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6346, "input_1": ", 1995; Gervais, 1976), although the validity of ambulation and defecation as indexes of emotionality has been questioned (Lister, 1990; Ramos & Mormède, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6347, "input_1": "hemicholinium-3, a depletor of endogenous acetylcholine (Parikh and Sarter, 2006); (ii) by enhancing cholinergic tone with AF-DX384, a selective M2/M4 autoreceptor antagonist, that blocks the self-inhibitory mechanism by which acetylcholine regulates its own release and (iii) by selectively blocking M1 muscarinic receptors, key modulators of both LTD and LTP (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2006; Bonsi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6348, "input_1": "In 2001, kisspeptin was identified as a ligand for the orphan G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), which was first described in the rat brain and subsequently in human (then named AXOR12 and hOT7T175) (Lee et al., 1999; Muir et al., 2001; Ohtaki et al., 2001), now termed KISS1R (Gottsch et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6349, "input_1": "The supernatant obtained by centrifugation at 100,000 × g for 60 min represents the cytosol [47].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6350, "input_1": "The project by Shannon and colleagues [41] described the capacity building process, where a team of substance-using women with lived experience of survival sex work was hired, trained, and supported to play an active role in guiding, developing, and conducting the research.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6351, "input_1": "Participants were matched by age and ethnicity to the AMD cohort, and were found free of macular disease at the time of recruitment, as previously described [21,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6352, "input_1": "Of note, all other structural variants and SNVs previously reported in cases 01–09 (Supplementary Table 2) [11, 12] were also found in unaffected nuclear family members of the probands, revealing that those variants are unlikely to be causal for CAS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6353, "input_1": "Consistent with findings of Van Kleef and others (e.g., Van Kleef et al., 2004; Sinaceur & Tiedens, 2006) in non-moral domains, anger expressions for Non-sacred value participants resulted in higher concession rates.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6354, "input_1": "The estimates necessary to complete the sample size calculation for this trial were determined from analyses performed on the 1st 8 patients of this study.(9) From this evaluation, the observed FM effect size (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6355, "input_1": "The admission on which the procedure was performed was termed the index admission for the purposes of this study, and defined reporting standards were followed [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6356, "input_1": "More information about the samples and recruitment can be found in Jacob et al. (2003) and Duncan et al. (2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6357, "input_1": "We model these distinct classes using a Concrete distribution [Maddison et al., 2017, Jang et al., 2017] of appropriate dimension.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6358, "input_1": "Eicosanoids derived from AA, including PGE2, TBX2, and LTB4, are more proinflammatory than those derived from DHA (Calder, 2006). The results of our study confirmed this pathway of eicosanoid formation. Chickens fed LR diets had significantly lower levels of PGE2 and TBX2 in the blood than those fed HR diets. These results are in agreement with those of Cherian et al. (2009), who showed that the level of incorporation of n-3 FA was higher, but that of AA in cardiac ventricle lipids was lower, and the levels of PGE2 and TBX2 in the blood of progeny (7-, 14-, 28- and 42-day-old chickens) were lower after feeding HR diets to broiler hens. Liu et al. (2014) reported significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE2 and TBX2) in the plasma due to inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity in chickens fed diets rich in PUFA n-3 than in chickens fed diets rich in PUFA n-6.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6359, "input_1": "Several reports report late P2 development after 9 or 10 years of age [6, 8, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6360, "input_1": "CP was performed using a standard institutional technique as described previously.(10) Intraoperative drains were placed selectively at the surgeon’s discretion.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6361, "input_1": "Furthermore, Klepek et al. (2005) and Reinders et al. (2005) have shown that the promoter of the polyol transporter AtPLT5 from A. thaliana directs GUS and GFP expression along the vascular tissue of leaves and in sink tissues such as growing roots, developing siliques and anthers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6362, "input_1": "…2003), they can be regarded as a natural experiment in carnivore social evolution whose outcome can potentially reveal evolutionary transitions between different levels of carnivore sociality as well as insights into the mechanisms driving social evolution in general (Schneider and Kappeler 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6363, "input_1": "Although previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that neutrophils are capable of detecting pulsed weak (10 4 V/m) electric fields (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000; Rosenspire et al. 2001) as well as applied magnetic fields (Rosenspire et al. 2003), the early mechanistic steps in field…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6364, "input_1": "wolves will be particularly interesting as, like other canids analyzed (Mu~ noz-Fuentes et al. 2011; Axelsson et al. 2012),", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6365, "input_1": "Following Xu et al. (2013), we used variation of information (VI) to measure the distance between category systems obtained through iterated learning, and those f und in these languages.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6366, "input_1": "Genotype-dependent differences in the sensitivity to the motivational effects of opioids in mice have also been reported (Cunningham et al. 1992; Semenova et al. 1995; Orsini et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6367, "input_1": ", P402 and P564 in human HIF-1α), each of which is present in the conserved sequence motif LXXLAP and is hydroxylated independently [70].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6368, "input_1": "Cells were cultured with acetate as the electron donor and either fumarate (40 mM), Fe(III) citrate (50 mM) or poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide (100 mM) as the electron acceptor as previously described (Coppi et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6369, "input_1": "Economic losses in surface water accidents can be related to social, ecological, and policy-related factors [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6370, "input_1": "Several authors have questioned the stripping procedure as it may be associated with excision of ovarian tissue adherent to the cyst wall, with consequent loss of\nfollicles (Brosens et al., 1996; Donnez et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6371, "input_1": "These observations are in accord with the result of Lumb and coworkers that the C-terminus activation domain of human c-Fos, although functionally active, is essentially devoid of the stable a-helical or b-sheet structure typical of globular proteins (Campbell et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6372, "input_1": "As Caldwell and Nittrouer (2013) note, voicing contrasts for consonants may be relatively more resistant to hearing loss than other phonemic distinctions, a fact that has likely contributed to the results we found regarding how well bilingual children with CIs were able to match their peers’ productions when it came to initial stop voicing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6373, "input_1": "Hissink et al. (1997) also reported that elimination of 1,4-DCB via the lungs was less than 1% in rats orally dosed p-DCB (10–250 mg/kg body weight).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6374, "input_1": "kestrels, Falco tinninculus [40]) have been shown to benefit from supplementary feeding, our results go further, showing that supplementary feeding alone does not fully explain the positive ramifications that we have demonstrated for vineyard habitat.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6375, "input_1": "The maize ubiquitin primers used for data normalization have already been described (Fornalé et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6376, "input_1": "The primary site of arsenic metabolism in mammals is the liver, although there is also high methylating activity in testes, kidney, and lung tissues (Cohen et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6377, "input_1": "Previous investigations illustrated that a single afferent potential is sufficient to trigger the reflex (Krans and Chapple 2005), that spontaneous afferent potentials that occur during reflex activation of the motoneurons do not reset the reflex (Chapple and Krans 2004), and that the excitatory synaptic potentials that depolarize postural motoneurons during the initial reflex phase have relatively little variability (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6378, "input_1": "Previous studies have shown that sialome genes were subject to strong ancient selective pressures that have resulted in species-specific adaptations (Varki 2001; Angata et al. 2004; Altheide et al. 2006; Varki & Gagneux 2009), suggesting that they likely evolved in response to ancient pathogens The function of sialome genes, i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6379, "input_1": "ORPL also outperforms other stateof-the-art solutions such as the Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) [21], Opportunistic Routing for WSN (ORW) [26] or the Low-Power Wireless Bus (LWB) [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6380, "input_1": "As indicated by Bonan (1998), the most severe underestimates occur in the arid Southwest, and in some parts of the central U.S. where maximum differences in the annual average can be about –6 K. Unlike precipitation, the patterns of temperatures have some sharp changes in some cells along the Rock…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6381, "input_1": "Therefore, identifying protein interaction at the domain level can serve as an important intermediate step toward an effective approach for prediction of PPI [17-22], even though the inference from pairwise DDI to PPI can be complicated due to factors like the presence of multidomains, e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6382, "input_1": "Recent researches suggest that polyadenylation site choice can be influenced by physiological conditions including cell growth, differentiation, developmental stage, and pathological events such as cancer.21,22,36 Mayr and Bartel found that cancer cell produce more mRNAs with short 30UTR, including for Dicer, which indicates that the proximal polyadenylation site is used more frequently.15 The results of the current study are contrary to those of Mayr and Bartel and one reason may be the low transcriptional activity of Dicer in CRC.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6383, "input_1": "The health word was seen as problematic when implementing an HiAP approach because it could hinder an understanding of public health as a cross-sectional responsibility, mainly outside the health sector.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6384, "input_1": "This research used the prediction function of Sutheebanjard and Premchaiswadi [5] where the important factors namely, the Down Jones index, the Hang Seng index, the Nikkei index and domestic MLR were taken into account as shown in (2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6385, "input_1": "As a result, instead of quantifying the margin, some authors report margins as either adequate or inadequate if there is a tumor or reactive tissue at the margin [2, 3, 5, 23, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6386, "input_1": "Plasma, urinary, and tissue ADM quantifications were performed using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for ADM as previously reported (8, 11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6387, "input_1": "However, Maeda S et al found that the 5-year survival rate of CD133-positive patients was significantly lower than that of CD133-negative patients [36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6388, "input_1": "In the first iteration of the atlas generation, the JHU neonate brain single-subject atlas (resolution: 0.660.660.6 mm3, http:// lbam.med.jhmi.edu/) (Oishi et al., 2011) was used as initial atlas, where each subject’s T2-weighted image was aligned to via affine and nonlinear large deformation…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6389, "input_1": "Following the suggestions by Cohen and Cohen (1983) and the recommendation of Baron and Kenny (1986) and Aiken and West (1983) as the underlying approach, we modeled interacting effects of the moderators (C) on the direct effect of the focal construct (A) on the outcome variable (B) with the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6390, "input_1": "Two of the five substrains (6J and KSJ) had significantly different MJT on the 28-day flurothyl retest as compared to their MJT on trial 8 of the induction phase (6J: t12 = 2.85; P,0.01; KSJ: t12 = 3.62; P,0.002; Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6391, "input_1": "Our results showed that disruption of the reductase genes resulted in significant decreases in the synthesis of fatty alcohol and WE by Mtb exposed to nitric oxide, nutrient starvation or combined MS that are thought to mimic in vivo conditions that lead to dormancy [11,26,33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6392, "input_1": "…changes\nto precipitation over adjacent land-masses (Saji and Yamagata, 2003), including East Africa (e.g., Latif et al., 1999; Black et al., 2003; Hastenrath, 2007), India, Indonesia (D’Arrigo and Wilson, 2008), and Australia (Ashok et al., 2003; England et al., 2006; Ummenhofer et al., 2008c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6393, "input_1": "Our heritability result is generally in agreement with the studies of Kien et al. (2008) in Eucalyptus urophylla and Zhao et al. (2014a) in poplar.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6394, "input_1": "Pellegrini-Calace M, Maiwald T, Thornton JM (2009) PoreWalker: A novel tool for the identification and characterization of channels in transmembrane proteins from their three-dimensional structure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6395, "input_1": "We have shown that, in response to water deWcit, both proteins accumulate in the soluble fraction of the cell wall, and speciWcally bind to plasma membrane vesicles, in a divalent cation-dependent manner (García-Gómez et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6396, "input_1": "All studies utilised different accelerometers; Compute Science Applications (CSA) accelerometer [5], SenseWear Armband [6], Caltrac accelerometer [7] and the ActiGraph [8], and positioned the device on multiple body positions; the hip [5], arm [6] and waist [7, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6397, "input_1": "N6 medium, developed by Chu (1978) for rice anther culture, has been used with some modifications to induce callus and somatic embryos from Citrus anthers (Germanà and Chiancone 2003; Benelli et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6398, "input_1": "For an implementation of the OHDC, as part of the detailed procedure, not presented herein one may consult reference [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6399, "input_1": "Unlike in (Sriperumbudur et al., 2017; Sutherland et al., 2017), the score function Ĵ(T ) cannot be used as a metric to compare different factorizations of the estimated distribution, as it is dependent on the specific factorization of the joint distribution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6400, "input_1": "However, when deviating from the protocol’s actions, physicians can be assumed to follow the protocol’s intentions [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6401, "input_1": "Although BSO is generally recommended, there is insuYcient evidence either to support or to discourage ovarian conservation [8, 9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6402, "input_1": "Functional measures that might reflect the consequences of uraemia were the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [15], Geriatric Depression Score (GDS) [16], eight item Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and a single question on general health perception were administered.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6403, "input_1": "We observed an overall incidence of hearing loss of 25.8% which is partially in accordance with other studies (Olgun et al.,2016, Laurell and Jungnelius,1990; Yancey et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6404, "input_1": "Twenty-two publications report values for EUS [11,26,28,30,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56] and 7 report for TAUS [24,27,57,58,59,60,61], however the overall patient numbers between groups were similar (1857 patients for TAUS and 1875 for EUS).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6405, "input_1": "Collection and dissection of P. pollicarus were modified only slightly from a recent report, in which a schematic of the preparation and recording sites is provided (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6406, "input_1": "DAT binding in PD is commonly asymmetric, and the loss of binding is generally more profound in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus, which is also the case in this study, thus confirming the findings of earlier DAT SPECT studies in PD [20,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6407, "input_1": "COQN-term anti-COQ7(1-37)specific antibodies were derived using the same protocol but starting with antiCOQ7 (Santa Cruz, sc-135040).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6408, "input_1": "Capacity building Baldwin et al. (2009) a\nBrown et al. (2005) a\nSalmon et al. (2010) a\nShannon et al. (2007) a\nWeeks et al. (2006)\nPragmatics of participation and social inclusion in CBPR\nAldridge and Charles (2008)\nDuBois et al. (2011)\nLevine et al. (1991)\nRudolph et al. (2010) a\nSalmon et al.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6409, "input_1": "developing melanoma is greater in males than in females over the age of 40, although the opposite effect is observed in patients under 40 years old (Lens and Dawes, 2004; Jemal et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6410, "input_1": "…in presented stimulus information the participants in protocols 1 and 3 were told that it would be to their “advantage” to fixate centrally prior to the onset of the target as it would help to identify the location of the target more quickly (see also Tipper et al.1992; Welsh and Elliott 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6411, "input_1": "Moreover, although C57 mice were shown to be the most sensitive mouse strain to the rewarding properties of morphine, with contrasting effects in the DBA strain (Orsini et al. 2005), the opposite effects have also been demonstrated in a conditioned place preference paradigm (Cunningham et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6412, "input_1": "Both in vitro (15, 51) and in vivo (33) studies have shown that fatty acids acutely enhance glucose-induced and tolbutamide-stimulated (27) insulin secretion and play an important role in the maintenance of basal insulin secretion in the fasting but not in the fed state (18, 19, 42, 43).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6413, "input_1": "These results illustrated the importance of sociality in coping with disease and parasitism (Rosengaus et al. 1998, 2000; Rosengaus and Traniello 2001; Traniello et al. 2002; Shimizu and Yamaji 2003; Maekawa et al. 2005; Calleri et al. 2006; Wilson-Rich et al. 2007; Yanagawa and Shimizu 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6414, "input_1": "Prevalence in the general population varies and reports tend to focus on one specific location or types of pain, for example, low back, shoulder, knee pain, or arthritis [14, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6415, "input_1": "Both DG and DGS have been studied as an additional ethanol source by enzymatic hydrolysis of the residual polysaccharides (Bals et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2008b; Tucker et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6416, "input_1": "We have sampled their data with 4 different methods: the insertion sorting algorithm (IS) and 2 variations of it and the binary tree method [7, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6417, "input_1": "Reconstructive surgery by autologous tissue transfer is well established and may provide good functional results (Brown et al., 2010; Thiele et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6418, "input_1": "Thus, we followed [3, 36] to select the 37 animal categories in the three datasets for evaluation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6419, "input_1": "They separated at a 40–50% higher molecular weight than calculated from their sequence (Figure 1A, right), which is in agreement with earlier studies (Maas et al., 2000; Weissmann et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6420, "input_1": "However, contrary to our results, Mansour et al. (2002) showed significant reduction of CP-induced creatinine increase by AMG (Mansour et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6421, "input_1": "The subjects’ usual diet before diagnosis for cases or hospital admission for controls was estimated through a satisfactorily reproducible [24] and valid [25] food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6422, "input_1": "We refer to the combination of BEAM and the hill climbing algorithm as PRISM (Pattern Relaxation-based Iterative Search for Motifs).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6423, "input_1": "The XI activity was determined using sorbitol dehydrogenase as previously described [26] at 30°C.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6424, "input_1": "Communicative functions are linked to functional segments (FSs), defined by (Bunt et al., 2012) as \"the unit of dialogue act annotation\".", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6425, "input_1": "When selecting predictor variables for analysis, we focused on those presumably increasing vulnerability to mange infections or those already mentioned by other authors (Kauhala and Holmala 2006; Collins et al. 2010; Oleaga et al. 2011; Almberg et al. 2012) (Table 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6426, "input_1": "Specifically, deletion of a component of the complex involved in H3K4 methylation resulted in the identification of the monodictyphenone [23, 42, 144] and orsellinic acid/F9775 [23, 42, 144] gene clusters, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6427, "input_1": "This result is in accordance with most studies [11,13] although some researchers do not confirm this hypothesis [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6428, "input_1": "By inactivating the contralateral wulst during recordings of ipsilateral stimulus responses, Bredenkötter and Bischof [34] found indications of a mutual inhibition between the two hemispheres resulting in a suppression of the ipsilateral input that increased during development [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6429, "input_1": "They are the major sialoglycoproteins in a variety of cell types and the major carriers of poly-N-acetyllactosamine [77, 78].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6430, "input_1": "In line with our results, several previous studies demonstrated the anti-proliferative effect of PPARs agonists in several cell types [11-15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6431, "input_1": "…of transgenes remain dependent on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) (Chan et al., 2013; Gafni et al., 2013; Valamehr et al., 2014; Ware et al., 2014; Duggal et al., 2015; Qin et al., 2016), which is a major property of the primed state (Vallier et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6432, "input_1": "…of the same functional types may be stronger than between species of different functional types, and so, patterns of species richness along gradients may be more interpretable by considering the species richness of the different functional types Peet 1978; Pausas 1994; Pausas and Austin 2001 .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6433, "input_1": "…matrix transformed the global coordinate system into a local orthogonal coordinate system using a direct frame by frame method (Scurr et al., 2010), identifying the suprasternal notch as the origin and establishing the right and left nipple coordinates relative to the trunk (Scurr et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6434, "input_1": "As FKBP12rapamycin does not bind to preformed mTORC2, rapamycin was originally thought to only inhibit mTORC1 (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6435, "input_1": "Increasing evidence indicates that cell cycle activation (CCA) is involved in the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders as follows: cerebral ischemia [3], brain and spinal cord injury [4–6], Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [7, 8], Parkinson’s disease [9, 10], and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [11, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6436, "input_1": "Our results are consistent with literature demonstrating that recurrence rates are significantly increased in incompletely staged patients, when staging is defined as total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy [18,23,26,27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6437, "input_1": "To test our model predictions, the extrinsic test data were overlaid on the mosaic of models and evaluated through Kappa analysis (Cohen 1960) and receiver– operator characteristic (ROC) analysis (Hanley and McNeil 1982) as more reliable measurements, (Pearce and Ferrier 2000; Manel et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6438, "input_1": "Quantification methods for the BHT assay were adapted from previous methods (Toenjes et al., 2005, 2009) with the following modifications.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6439, "input_1": "Previous research by Dasgupta and Rivera (2006) found that TBGI scores correlated reliably with participants’ homophobia as well as sexism.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6440, "input_1": "A doctor may add to a patient’s distress by telling them distressing news, thus adding to a patient’s problems; That the truth cannot be communicated because a doctor is rarely, or never, in a position to know the truth or because a patient would rarely, if ever, be in a position to understand the truth; That patients do not wish to be told the truth.(2)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6441, "input_1": "The cells were handled essentially as described previously (Dymkowska et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6442, "input_1": "The extracellular region of SIRPα interacts with its ligand, CD47, which is also a member of the Ig superfamily,(19,20,24) with such interaction promoting the tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα.(20,25) In contrast to the relatively restricted distribution of SIRPα, CD47 is expressed in most cell types including a variety of hematopoietic cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6443, "input_1": "We recently demonstrated that the small-bowel mucosal vasculature is altered in untreated celiac disease [10] and also that celiac patient-derived anti-TG2 antibodies disturb several steps in angiogenesis [13] and increase vascular permeability [14] in vitro.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6444, "input_1": "A well-known method for use in these situations is the “randomized response technique” (RRT), introduced by Warner [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6445, "input_1": "subtilis, this protein forms a complex with SpoIIIAH (Q-AH) that is bifunctional: it contributes to FS engulfment and it forms a feeding channel that allows nutrients (and possibly regulatory signals) to be transferred from the MC to the FS during spore assembly (Broder and Pogliano, 2006; Camp and Losick, 2009; Doan et al., 2009; Higgins and Dworkin, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6446, "input_1": "Mean follow-up IOP measurement was obtained by averaging the IOP measured at 6-month intervals, and IOP fluctuation was determined using the SD of these values.(4) When patients underwent incisional glaucoma surgery or laser trabeculoplasty, the IOPs measured within 3 months posttreatment were not included in the calculation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6447, "input_1": "Recent systematic comparisons of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and GWAS suggest that the association of intergenic variants with complex phenotyes is a result of alteration of gene expression regulatory elements (4,5).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6448, "input_1": "The kinetic lag and dye saturation can be corrected using an approach previously described for Fura-2 ratio signals [51] but adapted here for F/F0 records [52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6449, "input_1": "Rabbit models of cavitary TB in which sensitization promotes cavitation employ higher infectious doses (i.e. 103-104 CFU) that are delivered in a liquid vehicle to a small area of the lung by bronchoscope (Kübler et al., 2015; Nedeltchev et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6450, "input_1": "Some methods attempt to provide contextual information for single person activity classification by concatenating the action scores of all the neighbor persons [17,18] or extracting spatiotemporal distributions of surroundings persons [6,7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6451, "input_1": "The motivation for our work stems from the past research into the impact of visual realism on task performance in VR and the validation of MR Simulation as reported by [3, 12, 6, 7, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6452, "input_1": "[19] is based on gossip protocols and firefly synchronization [18], for the management policy distribution and synchronization over a number of nodes in an application level.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6453, "input_1": "It is a major organ involved in various physiological and biological processes, including detoxification, developmental regulation and immunity [8,9,10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6454, "input_1": "As for soluble P-selectin levels, these were slightly higher in the unstable patients, and this was again due to the female part of the unstable group (median and interquartile range for unstable women 44 [3159], for unstable men 38 [29-42] and for stable women 34 [30-42] ng/ml).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6455, "input_1": "These studies have also demonstrated increased proteasome inhibition and improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters for ixazomib [11, 14, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6456, "input_1": "Recent findings by Fan et al. (2016) demonstrated that blocking MST1/2 kinase activities with a newly identified compound, 4-((5,10-dimethyl-6-oxo-6,10-dihydro-5H-pyrimido [5,4-b]thieno[3,2-e][1,4]diazepin-2-l)amino)benzenesulfonamide (XMU-MP-1), has benefits for intestinal and liver repair and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6457, "input_1": "In Drosophila, Pk physically interacts\nD E V E LO\nP M\nE N T\nwith and clusters Vang at the apicolateral membrane, and this behavior promotes Vang accumulation on the proximal side of cells in the wing epithelium (Bastock et al., 2003; Jenny et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6458, "input_1": "The uniquely rich dataset from Ferizi et al. (2015), acquired on the Connectome system, samples around five thousand points in the space of possible measurements from a standard Stejskal-Tanner DW-MRI sequence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6459, "input_1": "A geriatrician or neurologist diagnosed AD using the criteria devised by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and AD and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA), and the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) [3, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6460, "input_1": "…to treatment (Zolnierek & Dimatteo, 2009), uptake of cancer screening (Carcaise-Edinboro & Bradley, 2008), improved blood pressure control in hypertensive patients (Orth, Stiles, Scherwitz, Hennrikus, & Vallbona, 1987), and reductions in the risk of serious medical error (Kuzel et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6461, "input_1": "In the present study, the pharmacokinetics study was conducted in female subjects and the pharmacokinetic comparison with male subjects was performed by using the results of historical data [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6462, "input_1": "Pallotta and coworkers [9] showed that neutrophil counts decrease following the administration of laser at intensities of 3, 6, and 10 J, 3 h after the induction of inflammation in the knees of rats; however, the study did not report the same effect for the group treated with a dose of 1 J, in contrast to the results obtained in our study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6463, "input_1": "Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated using Teicholz’s M-mode formula while LV mass index (LVMI) was calculated using Devereux’s formula [10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6464, "input_1": "But, according to [1], [2] and what I known, initially, there is divergence between Glaser and Strauss.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6465, "input_1": "After induction of anesthesia, the right flank was opened through a small incision, and the right ureter was completely ligated with 2-0 suture at two points (8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6466, "input_1": "LG/J and SM/J mice have been shown to differ in their response to a high-fat diet for traits involved in various metabolic syndrome domains [23,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6467, "input_1": "Strain estimation was performed as follows: The postcompression A-line was stretched globally by the applied strain (Céspedes 1993; Varghese and Ophir 1997b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6468, "input_1": "Single-molecule FRET observation and analysis were carried out by using the Cys-light kinesin monomer (349-residue with C-terminal His6 tag) with cysteines introduced into 215/342 or 43/342 residues as described (18), except that fluorescently labeled kinesins were immobilized on the glass surface via anti-His antibodies in the absence of", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6469, "input_1": "Eligible for inclusion were male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder according to DSM IV criteria after a Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History interview (CASH) [14] and by consensus between two senior psychiatrists who were blind to the expression results at the time of diagnosis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6470, "input_1": "Heme/porphyrin transport proteins – Heme Carrier Protein 1 (HCP1), Feline Leukemia Virus subgroup C Cellular Receptor 1 (FLVCR1) and ATP-Binding Cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) – clearly affect flux of heme and porphyrin across the plasma membrane [21–23], while ATPBinding Cassette subfamily B member 6 (ABCB6) has been defined as the transporter of porphyrins into the mitochondria [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6471, "input_1": "Our results with the lesioned rats suggest that [18F]FEOBV may be useful for detecting cortical cholinergic denervations such as those known to be present in AD or dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) (Dournaud et al., 1995; Prohovnik et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6472, "input_1": "Additionally, the only known locality of H. axyridis in western China is in Xinjiang, very close to the China-Kazakhstan border\nand relatively close to the railway, which crosses the\nTurkestan-Siberian Railway (Poutsma et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6473, "input_1": "The two most recent articles are those of Shelomi [8], an entomologist who also reported on a case of photo manipulation of presumed springtail (Collembola: Arthropoda) infections, and Lyons [9], a veterinarian who presented 3 case histories.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6474, "input_1": "As one or two strains are sufficient to drive major changes in gastrointestinal and host metabolic profiles (Marcobal et al., 2013), we considered the possibility that the development of CDAD may also be linked to specific microbial metabolic patterns, which may help identify metabolic associations with C.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6475, "input_1": "The current study confirms previous investigations that ADM is a natriuretic peptide (2, 4, 7, 22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6476, "input_1": "The following methods were introduced in order to include structural 3D information in QSARs/QSPRs: CoMFA comparative molecular field analysis and its variants CoMSIA (MSIA - molecular similarity indices Analysis) [23]; ▪ WHIM - weighted holistic invariant molecular (and its variant MS-WHIM - molecular surface WHIM) [24];▪ MTD minimal topological distance (and its variant MSD, S - steric) [25]; ▪ FPIF - fragmental property index family [26]; ▪ MDF - molecular descriptors family [27]; ▪ MDFV - molecular descriptors family on vertices [28-30]; ▪ TOPS-MODE topological sub-structural molecular design [31-35], ▪ other approaches [36-39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6477, "input_1": "teristics of subjects and the trunk SM volume have been reported elsewhere (13).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6478, "input_1": "…dementia (VCID) is the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer's disease, and is a frequent comorbidity in the Alzheimer's patient (Cooper and Mitchell 2016; Dichgans and Leys 2017; Greenberg et al. [for MarkVCID consortium] 2017; Kalaria 2016; Perrotta et al. 2016; Sudduth et al. 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6479, "input_1": "Although many arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic throughout life, in a small group of patients, they are associated with headaches or vertigo [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6480, "input_1": "We have used the sheep ovary model, since this is the most widely used animal model of whole ovary cryopreservation and is of comparable size to the human ovary (Bedaiwy et al., 2003; Revel et al., 2004; Arav et al., 2005; Courbiere et al., 2005, 2006, 2008; Imhof et al., 2006; Baudot et al., 2007; Bedaiwy and Falcone, 2007; Onions et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6481, "input_1": "They initialize their orthogonal mapping using an adversarial training phase, much like Conneau et al. [2018], and solve the optimization problem with alternating minimization. Our approach differs from theirs: by bootstrapping on the solution of a smaller problem to initialize the mapping, we avoid the need for a neural network initialization that is used in their approach. In addition, our annealing scheme on the entropic regularization leads to smooth convergence, with very little sensitivity to initialization. Concurrently with our work,1 Grave et al. [2018] tackle the problem of unsupervised word embedding alignment with a similar optimization framework as the one proposed by Zhang et al. [2017b], combining Wasserstein distances (an instance of optimal transport distances) and Procrustes alignment. Their approach differs from Zhang et al. [2017b] in how they scale up optimization, by relying on a stochastic Sinkhorn solver [Genevay et al., 2018]. In addition, they initialize their approach by solving a convex relaxation of the the original problem. Although driven by a similar motivation (word embedding alignment) and relying on similar principles (joint optimization of optimal transport coupling and feature mapping) as the work of Zhang et al. [2017b] and Grave et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6482, "input_1": "such a relationship which is in contrast to our results.(14,15) It should also be mentioned that", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6483, "input_1": "Limited experience, fear of using of e-books, and other factors may rob users of the full benefits of the technology.(13) E-book producers must address this challenge by taking on the responsibility of educating users about the full benefits of the technology and how they can make full use of these benefits.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6484, "input_1": "Positions of sequence and alignment ambiguity were omitted and pairwise evolutionary distances based on 1267 unambiguous nucleotides were computed by using the method of Jukes & Cantor (1969).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6485, "input_1": "The most negative role of AGEs in human physiology is typically attributed to their pronounced pro-inflammatory effect, mediated by membrane or soluble receptors [24–26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6486, "input_1": "…the sexes may differ in which signal feature they pay most attention to (i.e., body posture vs motion displays; Martins et al. 2005; Nava et al. 2009) or which signal type elicits a stronger behavioral response (i.e., conspecific vs heterospecific; Searcy and Brenowitz 1988; Bernal et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6487, "input_1": "A standardized, previously validated asthma score (15, 16) with good interobserver reliability and spirometry were conducted for each patient after meeting the entry criteria.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6488, "input_1": "microcapillary electrophoretic RNA separation (by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer) showed higher sensitivity for the assessment of RNA quality (Schroeder et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6489, "input_1": "It is possible that inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and cisterns provokes an increase in their endoluminal pressure and permeability of the walls leading to extravasation of chyle [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6490, "input_1": "Note that the experiments in both our earlier LCFR paper (Joslin & Pollack, 1994) and Gerevini and\nSchubert's (1996) ZLIFO paper were run using an earlier version (v.2) of UCPOP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6491, "input_1": "These investigators concluded that appropriate use of ISDN/HYD could prevent 6655 premature deaths annually [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6492, "input_1": "Two traits are orthogonal when, based on individual rankings on one of the traits, it is impossible to predict anything certain about rankings on the other trait (Allik et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6493, "input_1": "This model proposes that excessive resection at DSBs near telomeres results in GCRs involving ANHEJ, because A-NHEJ requires single-stranded overhangs [18,22–27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6494, "input_1": "the total number of pedestrians leaving each tram that met the observation criteria, regardless of their ascent method, was entered as a continuous variable (mean=78 pedestrians per tram, range 21–156) [11, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6495, "input_1": "Water users are less likely to swim, boat, and fish during accidents and post-accidents due to health risks, unfavorable water appearance, or unpleasant odors [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6496, "input_1": "Similarly, five putative phosphorylation sites for Pro-directed kinases were detected in Arabidopsis CYCD3;1 based on the conserved motif S/TP and three out of these five sites were located in putative PEST regions (Menges et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6497, "input_1": "Details of the sampling, field, and laboratory procedures have been described previously (Hinck et al., 2006, 2007a,b, 2008a; Schmitt, 2002; Schmitt et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6498, "input_1": "halodendron, whose lifespan was even shorter than that of some grasses (Watson et al. 2000; Gill et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6499, "input_1": "tial efficacy of several FDA-approved RA therapies, including antiTNF Ab, IL-1 antagonists, and methotrexate (MTX) (1, 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6500, "input_1": "There are multiple potential beneficial effects of physical activity for cancer survivors, including improved cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical functioning, fatigue, vigor, and mood (7-9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6501, "input_1": "Groups of similar sequences (greater than 97% identity), which will be referred in this work as OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units), were identified by building distance (neighbour joining) trees using the software Clustal X v.1.82 (Thompson et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6502, "input_1": "The estimation of historical population parameters from mitochondrial (mt) DNA coalescent genealogies offers a unique way of understanding the effects of Pleistocene climate shifts on marine species (Avise, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6503, "input_1": "The participants in the current study were recruited from the Qingdao Twin Registry (QTR), China (Duan et al. 2013; Pang et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6504, "input_1": "Coral species better adapted or acclimatised to cope with the stress effects of down-welling sediment are typically more abundant in reef habitats exposed to high sediment loads [14,15,16,17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6505, "input_1": "As a result of these participants coming from various backgrounds, they also had differing levels of education and knowledge in regard to sexual health; therefore, consistency of education provided to youths could not be guaranteed (McFayden 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6506, "input_1": "The measurements were taken on a Morgan Benchmark lung function testing apparatus (PK Morgan ltd., Kent, England), and were done by the same technician and according to the standardized procedures of the European Respiratory Society (Quanjer et al. 1993; Cotes et al. 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6507, "input_1": "1998), to provide great £exibility in testing evolutionary hypotheses (Huelsenbeck & Rannala 1997), and simply to give excellent results in the inference of evolutionary relationships (Kuhner & Felsenstein 1994; Huelsenbeck 1995). Constraints imposed by computational complexity are becoming less restrictive as computers improve. Given the recognition of phylogenetic inference as being inherently statistical in nature, it is surprising that so little attention has been paid to experimental design. A number of topics of relevance to experimental design in phylogenetics have been discussed previously. There is something of a folklore surrounding the choice of genes or other genomic regions for investigating particular evolutionary questions, but almost no published quantitative results. It is widely accepted that sequences that have undergone very little evolutionary change since their divergence from a common ancestor, through low substitution rates or short evolutionary times, will exhibit too few di¡erences to contain useful evolutionary information. Equally, sequences that have undergone very large amounts of change (high rates or long times) become `saturated' with changes and no evolutionary signal is detectable amid the noise. Consequently, a happy medium is expected at some intermediate level of sequence divergence, but the àsymptotic' results (for extreme high and low levels of divergence) give no clue as to where this lies. Although there is considerable experience with particular genes and organisms (see Hillis et al. (1996, pp. 336^339) for an extensive list of studies), where comparisons among genes have been made they tend to be evaluated empirically by the congruence of the results obtained among themselves and with researchers'a priori expectations. In addition, a large laboratory e¡ort is needed before even these qualitative conclusions can be reached. The methods introduced in this paper can quantify the e¡ects of varying levels of divergence. They con¢rm the belief that intermediate levels of...", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6508, "input_1": "A simple, yet high performing approach for mapping a given surface form (Nell subject/objects in our case), to its corresponding DBpedia (or Wikipedia) entity is to link to its most frequent candidate entity Mihalcea and Csomai (2007). Even though this approach does not take any context information into account, it has proven to be effective not only for text entity linking, but also for Nell triple linking (Dutta et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6509, "input_1": "Conditional deletion of CTC1 from mice leads to rapid and catastrophic telomere attrition, early entry into senescence, and signs of telomeric replication defects, such as fragile telomeres and inefficient restart of stalled telomeric replication forks (Gu et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6510, "input_1": "The range of the peak latencies in all studied muscles was consistent with the values reported in studies of human walking (Duysens et al. 1996; Van Wezel et al. 1997) and running (Tax et al. 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6511, "input_1": "Finally, the majority of the related literature focuses on well-developed, Western economies, and yet most of the world’s entrepreneurs live in developing economies (Barkema et al. 2015, Gollin 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6512, "input_1": "Hence the suggestion that BDNF is in someway involved in their pathophysiology (Karege et al., 2005; Neumeister et al., 2005; Tan et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6513, "input_1": "Introduction of HDAC4-specific siRNA significantly inhibited denervation-induced atrophy (Figure 1A) as was also shown previously (Moresi et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6514, "input_1": "regard to hip fracture, has been reported in other countries in the region including Russia [7], Georgia, Kazakhstan, and", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6515, "input_1": "The three parameters were based on the gesture coding system created by Church and Goldin-Meadow (1986): (a) shape of a hand gesture, (b) motion of a hand gesture, and (c) placement of a hand gesture.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6516, "input_1": "These findings, together with the results obtained previously for the PRPH I group (Zola-Morgan et al., 1989~) arc discussed below.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6517, "input_1": "[2] would result in 273 (24%; 95% CI, 22%– 27%) of 1127 patients being screened and treated, including both of the patients with IA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6518, "input_1": "Microstructural elements such as ‘tufts’—hypocalcified, protein-filled fissures that emanate into the enamel from the enamel–dentin junction [1, 27, 28]—are likely to have a strong influence on where radial and margin cracks initiate, by providing favored starting points for fractures [12, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6519, "input_1": "Runx1 is expressed in IAHCs of mouse (North et al., 2002), Xenopus (CiauUitz et al., 2000) zebrafish (Lam et al., 2010) and chicken (Richard et al., 2013) embryo and is required for their proper emergence (Chen et al., 2009; North et al., 1999) during EHT (Chen et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6520, "input_1": "Only in Gávea Park (Parque da Gávea), Rio de Janeiro city (see Esbérard, 2003; Esbérard and Bergallo, 2008b), a similar result was obtained, in which M. molossus outnumbered a frugivorous species.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6521, "input_1": "It can also partly account for the conflicting results of previous studies [11–13] because it predicts that memory capacity of objects will decline as three or more attributes are involved.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6522, "input_1": "It was also shown that Kp-54 and Kp-10 could stimulate primary pancreas cells to secret insulin (Hauge-Evans et al., 2006; Wahab et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6523, "input_1": "We also optionally exploit recent advances in semantic segmentation by including features produced by a deep neural network trained for semantic segmentation for the PASCAL dataset [52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6524, "input_1": "Differentiation of myoblasts, which involves the cessation of division, expression of muscle contractile proteins and fusion to form syncitial muscle fibres, occurs in a proximal-to-distal sequence beginning at stage 25 (Hilfer et al., 1973; Sweeney et al., 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6525, "input_1": "After introducing IKAS with a relatively low calcium affinity, APD is shortened when Cai transient is large, resulting in negative Cai-Vm coupling and electromechanically discordant alternans (Kennedy et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6526, "input_1": "During infection, C. neoformans cells of varying cell body size and capsule size are observed (Feldmesser et al., 2001; Okagaki et al., 2010; Zaragoza et al., 2010; Alanio et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6527, "input_1": "Scores below the main diagonal are computed according our proposed method and scores above the main diagonal are belong to [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6528, "input_1": "DIMM is a key regulator of expression of the neuropeptide biosynthetic enzyme, peptidylglycine-a-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) (Park et al. 2008), and it promotes the differentiation of neurosecretory properties in many neurons (Hamanaka et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6529, "input_1": "• Multiple scheduler support: It is known that the performance of BP decoding heavily depends on the scheduling [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6530, "input_1": "…cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia including the caudate and putamen (Bengtsson et al., 2009; Coull et al., 2004, 2008; Grahn and McAuley, 2009; Harrington et al., 1998, 2010; Lewis and Miall, 2003; McAuley et al., 2012; Morillon et al., 2009; Nenadic et al., 2003; Rao et al., 2001; Schwartze…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6531, "input_1": "Although PPH is one of the most important types of autonomic failure in patients with PD (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995; Loew et al. 1995; Umehara et al. 2014) and related disorders (Hakusui et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6532, "input_1": "Our results confirm the important role of themedial temporal lobe network in the processing of emotional stimuli [5,6,7] and are consistent with evidence that refractoriness of theMTLEmay result in dysfunction of that network [26–29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6533, "input_1": "Although the direct methanol extraction used in the present study has been proven to be suitable for the extraction of resveratrol from several transgenic plants (Szankowski et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2004; Rühmann et al., 2006), resveratrol has not been found in methanol or acetone extracts of strawberry (Aharoni et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6534, "input_1": "Although South American Pleistocene climate changes have been demonstrated not to be the only driver of speciation (e.g. Hoorn et al. 2010; Rull 2011), they have influenced the historical demography and distribution of some species in South America.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6535, "input_1": "Some authors therefore advocate a combined approach using a Caldwell Luc approach together with an endoscopic procedure in select cases [3, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6536, "input_1": "Recently, RNAi has been proposed as a method for the rapid screening of tick-protective antigens (de la Fuente et al. 2005, 2007c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6537, "input_1": "The rate of change in diagnosis marking was analyzed with regression analysis followed by t-test (GLM procedure of Sigma Plot 10.0 Statistical Software, Systat Software Inc.,Richmond, CA, USA) [20, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6538, "input_1": "Concentrations of cosmogenic nu-\nclides in river-born sand (Safran et al. 2005) and suspended loads of sediments (Bourges et al. 1990; Aalto et al. 2006) yield erosion rates between 0.04 and 1.35 mm/yr on millennial to decadal timescales.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6539, "input_1": "The relatively few fungi that are able to infect developing seeds will be detected, or if culturable, isolated, as seed-infecting fungi (Shipunov et al., 2008; Newcombe et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6540, "input_1": "…thus making the effects of largemouth bass indistinguishable from those of the other experimental manipulations (Hrbáček et al., 1961; Shapiro & Wright, 1984;\n365\nWagner, 1986; Carpenter et al., 1987, Hanson & Butler, 1990; Hanson & Butler, 1994a, b; McQueen et al., 2001; Albright et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6541, "input_1": "Both the baseline assessment and the followup assessment included the measurement of the health related quality of life by the Physical Component Summary measure (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary measure (MCS) of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) score [24–26]; basic ADL functioning by the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) [27] and cognitive functioning by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6542, "input_1": ", 2006), the pro-hypertrophic effects of FGF23 on cardiac myocytes were blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of phospholipase Cg (PLCg) and calcineurin (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6543, "input_1": "In this section we describe the technique employed in [12] and highlight the untapped opportunity to obtain better performance for the proposed SC design by decreasing the granularity of classification from page level to cache block level.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6544, "input_1": "…stages of AD, neuropathologic changes are already present in medial temporal regions (hippocampal formations, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex), areas which are critical for long-term episodic memory (Blennow, de Leon, & Zetterberg, 2006; Morris et al., 2001; Sarazin et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6545, "input_1": "We also investigate the network implementation of the three decoding methods, following the idea of Pouget et al. (Deneve, Latham, & Pouget, 1999; Pouget & Zhang, 1997; Pouget et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6546, "input_1": "5% of the genes and/or EST contained on our microarray being susceptible to the roughly 4-fold enhanced DNA methyltransferase activity conferred by Dnmt3amERe, which is reminiscent of the finding that the methylation-status of the vast majority of CpG islands in SV40-transformed human fibroblasts was unaffected despite 50-fold overexpression of Dnmt1 (Feltus et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6547, "input_1": "Previous studies have been done to address above relationships (Siegrist et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6548, "input_1": "For the patients in the register cohort, except those diagnosed in Stockholm prior to 1999, stage, treatment, and relapse information were gathered from two clinical data sources: the National Database of HL [18, 19] (1992–2009, covering all regions except Stockholm) and the Swedish Lymphoma Register in the Information Network for Cancer Care (2000 and onward) [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6549, "input_1": "In the fast-twitch muscle of hypothyroid rats, shifting to a slow direction by CLFS increased the expression of myogenin with unaltered MyoD levels (37).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6550, "input_1": "Furthermore, our results substantiate recent findings implying that SFs differ significantly from fibroblasts isolated from other types of tissues in their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response (51).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6551, "input_1": "The initial report demonstrating that hCaf1 interacts with PRMT1 and regulates its methyltransferase activity suggested that Ccr4-Not plays a role in PRMT1-dependent processes [42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6552, "input_1": "Since these applications rely on the dynamical behaviors of the equilibrium point of the CGNNs, it is very important to investigate the stability of CGNNs and a large number of results have been discussed, see [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6553, "input_1": "Our choice of studying CFI in higher detail is based on several considerations: (i) CFI represents one of the hallmarks of metazoan CPA composition, (ii) it affects APA reactions in vitro [28,29], (iii) its molecular structure is well understood in mammals [20], and (iv) one of its members, CFI25, was shown to be involved in human pathologies including cancer and tumorigenesis [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6554, "input_1": "These conditions could be due lesions in either cortical (Iansek et al. 2001; Tyrrell 1994) or subcortical areas (Thompson and Marsden 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6555, "input_1": "The network merging component was implemented using the NetworkX 2 Python library which can be natively integrated into the Bio3graph workflow in Orange4WS [32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6556, "input_1": "For example, administration of a glucose load and a liquid formula meal have been associated with substantial decreases in neuronal activity using fMRI [83, 91, 142].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6557, "input_1": "This is in agreement with previous work investigating the effects of rTMS on simple motor behavior (Wassermann et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1997; Pascual Leone et al., 1998; Muellbacher et al., 2000; Rossi et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6558, "input_1": "Overexpression of miR-218 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion [24, 26, 27], and promotes colon cancer cell apoptosis [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6559, "input_1": "nigriventer where the Tx4 family toxins have been identified as responsible for this activity [19] along with other different arachnids such as the scorpion Centruroides edwardsii [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6560, "input_1": "The recommended diet was formulated by Excel Eiyo-kun software version 4.0–6.0 for Food Frequency Questionnaire, which analyzes each participant’s diet information collected on the Food Frequency Questionnaire Based on Food Groups version 2.0–3.5 (KENPAKUSHA, Tokyo, Japan).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6561, "input_1": "The highest deposition of Fe in soil could be due to its long-term use in the production of machine tools, paints, pigments and alloying in various industries of the study area that may contaminate soil (Yadav et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6562, "input_1": "…have developed a communication robot called Robovie that autonomously interacts with humans\nby making gestures and utterances as a child’s freeplay (Kanda et al., 2004 a); however, Robovie is confronted with three major problems in elementary schools: 1) difficulties in sensing in the real world,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6563, "input_1": "8 To validate the quality of our categorization, the next section discusses series of experiments that compare the performance of the vector space categorizati on approach with one of the top classifiers, Naïve-Bayes (Friedman et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6564, "input_1": "Studies that assessed balance using the tandem gait or the Romberg test administered during neurological examinations indicated significantly poor standing balance in patients with schizophrenia compared to that of healthy subjects [3, 5, 6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6565, "input_1": "A basic state transition of a process instance has Initiated, Running, Suspended, Active, Terminated and Complete states [23] (seeFig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6566, "input_1": "For monitoring purposes, the investigator also determined the polyp score (PS) based on the size of polyps at the first and last visits [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6567, "input_1": "High-risk students exposed to the intervention were 80% less likely to take up cocaine use relative to a no-intervention control group, 30% less likely to take up cannabis use, and 50% less likely to take up other drug use (Conrod et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6568, "input_1": "For embedding techniques, we take TransE [Bordes et al., 2013], KALE [Guo et al., 2016], TEKE [Wang and Li, 2016] and HOLE [Nickel et al., 2016] as our comparisons.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6569, "input_1": "their phosphorylation as observed in vivo (Reimann et al., 2013) might also affect the interaction with DNA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6570, "input_1": "In A. sagittatus, the number of testes considerably exceeds 100–200 (in some specimens reaching to several hundreds) (Scholz et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6571, "input_1": "Overall, our results are consistent with those clinical and experimental findings, because the NGF up-regulation is significantly associated with a good outcome of patients, confirming its neuroprotective role after TBI.(11,5) However, little is known about the actions exerted by NGF in determining the mechanisms of neuronal repair and neural connection reorganization in the damaged brain.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6572, "input_1": "…examined in section 2.2.4, there are many criteria upon which personalization can occur, like age groups, learning styles (Damala, 2007b), disabilities (Proctor, 2004), level of visitors initiation, available time for the visit (Damala et al., 2005), thematic tours, bookmarking, or social networks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6573, "input_1": "The same is not true in designs where the counting of photons is performed in each pixel independently and can be held in a local counter or memory as in [103].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6574, "input_1": "Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heart muscle disease clinically characterized by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6575, "input_1": "The literature (Sugihara and Smith, 1997; Shahidi et al., 2004; Gerke, 1999; Gao and Tian, 2007; Zhao and Yan, 2005) shows most of the non-traditional algorithms are applied only for regular convex polygonal obstacles, not for irregular convex, concave polygonal or curved obstacles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6576, "input_1": "This scale by Guay and Vallerand (1997) consists of 18 items that measure individuals’ level of motivation toward a particular activity at a certain time.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6577, "input_1": "We (Mays and Schirillo, 2005) previously showed that light flashes affect auditory processing in a directional hearing illusion (Hari, 1995; Hari and Kiesilä, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6578, "input_1": "…A\nEffects of Corn Particle Size and Physical Form of the Diet on the Gastrointestinal Structures of Broiler Chickens\n1 - ns: non significant polynomial regression (p > 0.05).\nwas no influence of the particle size on this variable, contradicting data from Nir et al. (1995) and Nir et al. (1994a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6579, "input_1": "This result confirms the first part of this study as well as other investigations [18,21,32], namely that terahertz electromagnetic fields do not cause direct DNA damage.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6580, "input_1": "Pancreas volume quantification Pancreas boundaries were manually delineated on each slice by selecting region of interest using the polygon tool of the open source ImageJ image analysis software [23], version 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6581, "input_1": "Retrospective studies have demonstrated improved local control rates with postoperative external beam radiotherapy (XRT) [4-7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6582, "input_1": "to promote discrimination among classes by enforcing the sparse coefficients to be discriminative[28, 15, 22, 26, 23, 27] by means of including the class labels and learning the classifier simultaneously with the dictionary.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6583, "input_1": "For parameters pc and pr in MPI-FAUN, we use the optimal values for each dataset, according to the recommendations in [16, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6584, "input_1": "Sample collection\nThis study took advantage of previously collected samples from individual colonies of four species of Caribbean scleractinian corals (Thornhill et al. 2006a, 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6585, "input_1": "Our model can be seen as an extension of the flexible mixtures-of-part model [31], which itself augments a deformable part model (DPM) [10] to reason about local mixtures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6586, "input_1": "…behavioral effects (Marsicano et al., 2003), and residual effects of cannabinoids on excitatory transmission in a global CB1-/- mouse have been observed (Hajos et al., 2001), although these results have not been replicated (Hoffman et al., 2005; Kawamura et al., 2006; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6587, "input_1": "Total DNA from\n LWB-infected and healthy periwinkles was extracted using the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method (Maixner et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6588, "input_1": "Using Definition II-B, the GPSR protocol can deliver packet to geographic locations [5] within sensor regions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6589, "input_1": "These results are consistent with those of several other studies that showed that the use of event history calendars reduces age/date heaping in demographic surveys [33,36,38,39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6590, "input_1": "Family history of SD was present when the patient reported a parent or sibling who died unexpectedly and suddenly before the age of 80 years.(10) Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were scored based on previous diagnosis and initiation of therapy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6591, "input_1": "Five publications [32, 41, 43, 45, 46] out of the 25 that we reviewed focused on capacity building among people who use drugs and suggested that individuals who use drugs who participate in research-related activities (especially those who are affiliated with communitybased agencies) should be offered employment, salaries, recognition, training, opportunities to participate in", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6592, "input_1": "CSF circulation disturbances, and in particular CSF leak and hydrocephalus, are serious complications associated with BCNU wafers [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6593, "input_1": "Our results showed that the mean area of blastocysts that did implant and those that did not wasn’t statistically significant, in agreement with previous papers [28] suggesting that blastocysts of similar area have the same implantation potential.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6594, "input_1": "Archaefructus, from the BarremianAptian Yixian Formation (see node 10), has been assigned to total group Nymphaeales (Friis et al., 2003; Doyle, 2008), but other phylogenetic analyses suggest that it is a stem Angiosperm (Sun et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6595, "input_1": "HNF1A MODY was the most frequent subtype (47%), followed by GCK MODY (27%), which is similar to the results of studies in the UK and Norway [6, 46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6596, "input_1": "Many effects of NSAIDs are mediated via cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent mechanisms;([36]) indeed, previous studies have demonstrated that ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are agonists of PPARγ.([21-23]) On the other hand, the major metabolite of arachidonic acid via COX in VSMCs is PGF2α.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6597, "input_1": "Our results confi rm previous studies that reached the same conclusion (Boushey et al 1994; Vermeulen et al 2000; Till et al 2005; Marcucci et al 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6598, "input_1": "Furthermore, tumor-associated macrophages secrete products, such as TGF- and IL-10 that suppress anti-tumor immune responses [14, 20, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6599, "input_1": "I removed males from 16 groups, all of which had resident nonbreeders (non-breeders 18 mm SL; Buston 2003a), 1 lunar month after the beginning of the study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6600, "input_1": "ovulation and amenorrhea.(16) Environmental compounds that possess steroidogenic(17) or anti-steroidogenic(18) activity affect onset of puberty and reproductive function in adulthood.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6601, "input_1": "Primary antibodies were incubated for 1 hour and secondary antibodies for 30 minutes (7, 8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6602, "input_1": "Furthermore, PRRs are also involved in the control of hypocotyl elongation and flowering time (Makino et al., 2002; Matsushika et al., 2002, 2007b; Sato et al., 2002; Kaczorowski and Quail, 2003; Murakami et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6603, "input_1": "increasing proportion of cells recorded in the sub-G1 phase with increasing concentrations of arachidonic acid (Dymkowska et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6604, "input_1": "The stability of these societies depends on individuals’ decisions governing group membership, which are intimately related to individuals’ costs and benefits of living in the group (Danchin and Wagner 1997; Clutton-Brock et al. 1998; Buston 2003a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6605, "input_1": "For example, it has been shown that auditory sources result in broad activation patterns in the mid sagittal plane (Van Veen, 1997; Quraan and Cheyne, 2008; Quraan and Cheyne, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6606, "input_1": "2005) without reservation and none of the features invoked by Jaeger et al. (1999) have been reassessed or challenged in detail, with the exception of the character analysis by Gunnell and Miller (2001). This defining list of traits overlaps considerably the battery of features long used to support the adapid-anthropoid hypothesis and now regarded as likely convergences (e.g., Rosenberger et al. 1985). Kay et al. (2004) also added to the basic argument of Jaeger et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6607, "input_1": "We identified three major categories of barriers that, if resolved, would facilitate HIT use: (1) lack of local patient-level clinical data in VA-wide databases; (2) lack of VA-wide data in a standardized and analyzable format; (3) gaps in capture of clinical data in the EHR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6608, "input_1": "Modeling phonology helps to keep both speech and ASL recognition tractable [25, 33], because there is only a small, limited number of phonemes, as opposed to the unlimited number of words and signs that can be built with them.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6609, "input_1": "It was shown that cathepsins are also present in other insects, e.g. Helicoverpa armigera (Yang et al., 2006) and Bombyx mori (Gui et al., 2006; Lee et al., 2009) and are involved in programmed cell death during metamorphosis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6610, "input_1": "Combining more video clips improves the accuracy of the estimated data (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005), and previous research also succeeded in motion reconstruction using somewhat blurry images (Koga et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6611, "input_1": "Bimodality has been described in the propulsion literature with the first peak, termed the impact spike, caused by the user forcefully contacting the pushrim at the beginning of the push phase (Robertson et al., 1996; Cooper et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6612, "input_1": "Furthermore, MMP-2 and -9 are expressed and secreted by astrocytes (Gottschall et al., 1995; Muir et al., 2002) and induced in the presence of A (Deb and Gottschall, 1996; Deb et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6613, "input_1": "For English, we used external embeddings of Dyer et al. (2015) learned using the structured skip n-gram approach of Ling et al. (2015), for Chinese, we used external embeddings produced with the neural language model of Bengio et al. (2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6614, "input_1": "A study by Rohwerder et al [35] investigated the degradation pathway of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA), an intermediate in the degradation pathway of MTBE.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6615, "input_1": "Titan and typical C. neoformans cells have different cell wall composition\nIn vivo C. neoformans cells vary in size, from cells less than 3 μm in cell body diameter to cells more than 100 μm in diameter (Feldmesser et al., 2001; Okagaki et al., 2010; Zaragoza et al., 2010; Alanio et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6616, "input_1": "Sechium edule fruit extract contains non-phenolic alkaloids, saponins, sterols, triterpenoids (Salama et al. 1986) and glycosylated flavonoids (Siciliano et al. 2004) that confer its anti-inflammatory (Salama et al. 1987), antihypertensive (Gordon et al. 2000), antimicrobial (Ordo~nez et al. 2003),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6617, "input_1": "Another important difference between the study by Hendriks et al. (2014) and the current study is that to elicit the\nFrontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 14 February 2018 | Volume 9 | Article 176\nnarratives, they showed their images one at a time (i.e., successive presentation in a…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6618, "input_1": "Artificial reefs made of various materials also provide a large shaded surface that A. coerulea planulae prefer (Holst & Jarms, 2007; Hoover & Purcell, 2009; Duarte et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6619, "input_1": "Although our results are in accordance with earlier studies giving prevalence rates between 4 and 8% using NIH criteria (Knochenhauer et al., 1998; DiamantiKandarakis et al., 1999; Michelmore et al., 1999; Asuncion et al., 2000; Azziz et al., 2004; March et al., 2010; Moran et al., 2010a,b; Sanchon et al., 2012), we found higher figures than previous studies using Rotterdam criteria (Chen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6620, "input_1": "To analyze the statistical correlation between measures of the CT and schizophrenic psychopathology (measured by PANSS), we calculated a Spearman rank correlation within the first-episode schizophrenia (or SZ) patient group.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6621, "input_1": "…the antiapoptotic effects of endothelin in olfactory mucosa primary culture\nWe had previously found that ET-1 could limit serum deprivationinduced apoptosis in OM primary culture, and gap junction uncoupling has been described to be neuroprotective in the central nervous system (Lin et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6622, "input_1": "[35] showed no significant improvement in swimming performance while wearing a drag suit for 5 weeks compared with the control group.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6623, "input_1": ", which is known as ge particle of the CA 54 [3, 12], should be rather considered as a complex object, since it is a kind of breather – arises from interaction between two simple particles represented by ERs .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6624, "input_1": "0 [113,114] was conducted using 100 random addition replicates and was based on a heuristic search using the tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) option; the best fit substitution model parameters were applied.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6625, "input_1": "…acids, are quantitatively taken up by intact cells or isolated mitochondria, the only relevant way of expressing their effective “concentration” is per mg protein of the biological material used rather than per volume\nof the incubation mixture (Dymkowska et al., 2006; Schönfeld & Wojtczak, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6626, "input_1": "The present results were also consistent with other reports suggesting that CCND1 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of OLP [36–38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6627, "input_1": "…or live/dead assay (Bedaiwy et al., 2003, 2006; Martinez-Madrid et al., 2004; Arav et al., 2005; Courbiere et al., 2005, 2006; Imhof et al., 2006; Baudot et al., 2007), assays of apoptotic markers (Bedaiwy et al., 2003, 2006; Martinez-Madrid et al., 2007) and the cellcycle marker Ki67 as well as…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6628, "input_1": "To certain plant species, an explant origin of a species is not specific for the successful regeneration of transformed cells via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic vector (Sangwan et al., 1991a, b, 1992;Ducrocq et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6629, "input_1": "Energy landscapes and metabolic rates in these types of habitats have been assessed through modelling based on the chemical endmember composition of HFs and ambient SW (Tivey, 1995; McCollom and Shock, 1997; McCollom, 2000, 2007; Shock and Holland, 2004; Amend et al., 2011; LaRowe et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6630, "input_1": "Although activation was eventually attributed to the action of IFN-g and TNF-a (34), we postulated that some of the increased resistance may be induced directly by bacteria.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6631, "input_1": "Steps 3(c) to 3(f) can be done efficiently using techniques of Camenisch, Hohenberger, and Lysyanskaya [49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6632, "input_1": "1 3 surgery after ESD, and those who were followed up but received no additional treatment after ESD [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6633, "input_1": "They are: Slope One, Regularized SVD, Improved Regularized SVD, SVD++, NMF, BPMF, RBM-CF, AutoRec and Mean Field.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6634, "input_1": "…disulfide bonds formed by conserved pairs of Cys residues not only play a role in maintaining the 3D protein structure but also contribute to the bioactivity of PRL, e.g., the mitogenic activity in NB2 cells (Luck et al., 1992) and osmoregulatory ability in urinary bladder (Doneen et al., 1979).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6635, "input_1": "Stimulation of cardiac respiration is known to decrease steady-state levels of NAD(P)H (35), but BDM did not affect the response of NAD(P)H to ADP (data not shown).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6636, "input_1": "Poultry, especially turkeys, are extremely sensitive to the toxic effects of AFB1 (Rawal et al., 2010a; Carnaghan et al., 1966; Arafa et al., 1981; Giambrone et al., 1985; Huff et al., 1986; Kubena et al., 1995; Klein\net al., 2000), which was first demonstrated when this mycotoxin was discovered as…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6637, "input_1": "The Arriaga method is conceptually simple and easy to interpret and has been widely used to decompose life expectancy differences in the United States and elsewhere [2, 24–26, 30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6638, "input_1": "Similar results have been demonstrated under metformin treatments in different breast cancer cell lines [7, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6639, "input_1": "Zif268 was chosen here since it is a transcription factor well characterized for its role in synaptic plasticity and memory processing (Bozon et al. 2003) and has been shown to be crucial in instrumental learning (Maroteaux et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6640, "input_1": "Studies report that 10–25 % of healthy individuals are nonresponders to lutein supplementation using HFP [13, 16, 17] or RRS [35] mea-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6641, "input_1": "Example networks for some breeding units were drawn using an R package latentnet (Krivitsky and Handcock 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6642, "input_1": "For nanotechnology and nano-foods, Siegrist et al. (2007) created a hypothetical model where Swiss consumer’s social trust (in nanotechnology producers) impacted perceptions of nanotechnology food information, which in turn fed into consumer benefit and risk perceptions, ultimately determining…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6643, "input_1": "Catecholamines, and particularly DA, are believed to increase the efficiency of cortical processing by augmenting the signal-tonoise ratio or gain within cortical networks [4,37–39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6644, "input_1": "It has been generally accepted that planted wetlands outperform unplanted filters, and there is a positive correlation between plant uptake and nutrient removal from agricultural treatment wetlands (Comin et al., 1997; Huett et al., 2005; Gottschall et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6645, "input_1": "The valence electron occupation of the double dot was (2,1) or (1,2), as confirmed by magnetospectroscopy measurements30.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6646, "input_1": "However, the broad substrate specificity of the AtPLT5 and\nthe unchanged phenotype of Atplt5-knock-out plants make it difficult to speculate on the physiological role of AtPLT5 (Klepek et al. 2005; Reinders et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6647, "input_1": "Reduction of the pentavalent to the trivalent forms can also be catalysed by GSTO1-1 or non-enzymatically (Cohen et al., 2006; Tapio and Grosche, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6648, "input_1": "The standard target for dystonia in children is the internal globus pallidus (GPi) [2], based on use of this target to reduce dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s disease.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6649, "input_1": "Both healthy and sick people increasingly use electronic media to obtain medical information and advice [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6650, "input_1": "There is evidence showing the feasibility of using screening tools at primary health care level in Zimbabwe [34, 41, 44, 60] but these tools are not integrated into HIV care programs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6651, "input_1": "Mouse mAb G19 directed against the TLA from chicken inner ear hair cells, mAb D10 directed against the avian hair-cell antigen, and antisera to protocadherin-15-CD1 (PB303) were characterized and validated as reported previously (Richardson et al., 1990; Ahmed et al., 2003; Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6652, "input_1": "Both COSMOS and COMANCHE are based on the FRACTAL component model and use the JULIA10 implementation of the FRACTAL runtime environment [Bruneton et al., 2006b].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6653, "input_1": "Brain regions were identified using theWake Forest PickAtlas software (Wake Forest University, USA; www.fmri.wfubmc. edu) and the Talairach Atlas labels (Lancaster et al. 2000) as implemented in the xjView toolbox (http://www.alivelearn. net/xjview).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6654, "input_1": "Moreover, mRNA levels varied reciprocally over time with both villous height and crypt depth, which previously were found to be positively correlated with each other in the present population [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6655, "input_1": "A calibration study indicated acceptable correlations between the QFFQ and 24-h recalls for all sex and ethnic groups (23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6656, "input_1": "According to Kunito et al. (2004), the biological half-life is rather long for trace-elements with high affinity to SH group in cysteine (Cd,Hg), leading to the age dependent increase in the concentration in toppredators.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6657, "input_1": "lucifugus, we observed declines that began in 2004, two years prior to the first recorded instance of the disease in the region [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6658, "input_1": "8) on the MMSE), diagnosed with amnestic MCI based on the Petersen criteria (Petersen et al. 1999); and 16 CN subjects (mean age 73(9) years; mean score 29.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6659, "input_1": "In contrast to human capital approach, these methods represent rather macroeconomic perspective and measure actual production losses [18, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6660, "input_1": "Diagnostic yield has increased over time as such arrays have evolved to include better coverage [7–21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6661, "input_1": "017 (Katoh and Standley 2013), and GBlocks (Castresana 2000) was used to remove poorly aligned,\nA cc\nep te\nd A\nrti cl\ne\nThis article is protected by copyright.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6662, "input_1": "Given than embodied synchrony is shown to correlate with mental processes and trust of interactants [144, 95], it is expected that interaction phase will affect the emotional response to robot’s behavior and this dependence should be taken into account when quantifying this response.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6663, "input_1": "Patients were assessed with the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) Affective Disorders Evaluation (Sachs et al., 2002, 2003), which included the mood disorders module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (First et al., 1996) and Clinical Global…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6664, "input_1": "ALK3 and ALK6 are BMP receptors [18,19], ALK5 is a TGFβ receptor [18,20], and ALK4 is an Activin receptor [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6665, "input_1": "DRS scores as reported were adjusted for participant age and education (Age and Education Corrected Moan’s Scaled Score, or “AEMSS”; according to the DRS reference manual; www.psychassessments.com).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6666, "input_1": "The majority of oceanographic variables included in the model calculations are taken from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model coupled with the CoSiNE (Carbon, Silicate and Nitrogen Ecosystem) model (Chai et al., 2002, 2009; Dugdale et al., 2002a; Liu and Chai, 2009a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6667, "input_1": "The estimation problem is regarded as maximum likelihood estimation for beta-binomial mixtures, and thus can be solved as a simpler case of well-established maximum likelihood estimation for Dirichlet-multinomial mixtures described in [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6668, "input_1": "Exomes from each NSCLC patient were examined using FannsDB [16], FATHMM [16], Mutation Assessor [17], Polyphen [18], PROVEAN [19], and SIFT [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6669, "input_1": "These properties have been noticed by others who used \u0002̂κ in place of \u0002̂ (Friedman 1989; Brown et al. 1999), and they can be exploited to reduce the computation time for regularized discriminant analysis in high-dimensional settings (Hastie and Tibshirani 2004). • R̂λ can be calculated by multiplying all off-diagonal elements of R̂ by λ. • The proposed regularization will reduce the bias inherent in eigenvalues of sample correlation matrices (Friedman 1989), provided that a reasonable choice of regularization parameter λ is used. Bias generally will not be completely removed. • R̂λ manages a bias–variance trade-off; R̂ has potentially high variance but relatively little bias (being asymptotically unbiased for large N , fixed p), and I has no variance, but is biased for R in general. Thus, loosely speaking, R̂λ can be thought of as a weighted average of a variance term and a bias term, and we aim to choose λ to optimize this bias–variance trade-off. Ledoit and Wolf (2004) previously made this point for \u0002̂κ .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6670, "input_1": "The frequency and also the mutation pattern we found were in concordance with the data from the literature (Ohashi et al, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6671, "input_1": "inflammatory response in endothelial cells, resulting in elevated expression of adhesion molecules and increased endothelial permeability (4, 64), Figure 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6672, "input_1": "This is particularly significant in light of the 2010 guidelines from the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology (BHPR) [10], which propose that the threshold for treating RA patients with TNF-α inhibitors (adalimumab, etanercept or infliximab) following trials of two DMARDs, including MTX, should be lowered from 5.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6673, "input_1": "The presence of valvular heart disease was evaluated according to the current guidelines [11, 13, 14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6674, "input_1": "For example, there are striking similarities in the ion channel complements employed in astrocytic endfeet and endothelial cells, enabling dual control of smooth muscle from either side of the blood-brain barrier (Longden et al. 2016; cf. Sudduth et al. 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6675, "input_1": ", in normal T cells, the activation threshold to produce IFN-c is lower than that required for entry into the cell-cycle or to secrete IL-2 [31,32]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6676, "input_1": "…identification and analysis of putative promoter sequence was conducted using the ProScan suite of programs (http://thr.cit.nih.gov/molbio/ proscan/) using the default settings [Prestridge, 2000] as per our previous gene characterization protocols [Philibert et al., 1999; Philibert et al., 2000].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6677, "input_1": "A previous study demonstrated age-related declines in song performance in Bengalese finches that were 6 yr of age (Cooper et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6678, "input_1": "Surgery, cryotherapy and brachytherapy are among the most frequently used local salvage treatment options with different degrees of success [2-11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6679, "input_1": ", Behera and Yamagata, 2001; Reason, 2002), as well as links between the SST anomalies across the eastern Indian Ocean and regional rainfall (Nicholls, 1989; Frederiksen and Balgovind, 1994; England et al., 2006; Ummenhofer et al., 2008c).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6680, "input_1": "…of BDNF in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) suppresses cocaine seeking (Berglind et al., 2007, 2009;Sadri-Vakili et al., 2010; Whitfield et al., 2011), whereas elevation of BDNF in the VTA (Lu et al., 2004a) and NAc shell (Graham et al., 2007; Graham et al., 2009) facilitates cocaine seeking.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6681, "input_1": "It has been described previously that pOPC isolated with this technique differentiate with time (4–6 days in vitro; DIV4-6) into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes [38], however OPC make up the large majority (80–90% of all DAPI+ cells) during the first two days of culture (Fig 1A and 1B).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6682, "input_1": "Comparable results were found in studies on teleosts (Carassius auratus, e.g. Salas et al. 1996a, b; Rodrı́guez et al. 2002a; Portavella et al. 2002; Broglio et al. 2005; Durán et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6683, "input_1": "Holistic thinkers tend to see the “whole picture” rather than the components constituting\nit, while analytic thinkers focus more on the components in lieu of the whole context (Monga and John, 2008; Nisbett et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6684, "input_1": ", 1998), finger tapping (Wassermann et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1997), peak force, and acceleration during finger pinch (Muellbacher et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6685, "input_1": "The inter-relationships between K1, K1O and anticoagulants in dogs and humans have been previously investigated [25, 26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6686, "input_1": "We employed the same design as Dohmen et al. (2010) to measure the mothers’ risk preferences.5\n At the daycare centers, we conducted experiments with the children to obtain behavioral\n measures of their willingness to compete and, as a control variable, their risk attitudes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6687, "input_1": "17 CVL1/CVP2 In Arabidopsis thaliana, PtdIns(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated by the 5TPases COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN 2 (CVP2) and CVP2 LIKE 1 (CVL1) (Carland and Nelson, 2009; Carland and Nelson, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6688, "input_1": "However, discretionary policy can result in expectations traps and\n1\nmultiple equilibria, see Albanesi et al. (2003), King and Wolman (2004) and Blake and Kirsanova (2012), and a simple New Keynesian model is not appropriate to investigate many consequences of policy delegation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6689, "input_1": "3) revealed that the first two ON1 viruses detected in 2011–2012 (MAD8851/11 and MAD8921/12), clustered together with strains from Canada [Eshaghi et al., 2012], USA [Schobel et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6690, "input_1": "While the general decline in MVT deaths rates has been associated with multi-pronged prevention efforts as well as reduced driving among older adolescents (2,8), the sharp drop beginning in 2007 has also been associated with the economic recession in the United States (9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6691, "input_1": ", the average number of nucleotide substitutions that accumulated along the branch from the founder strain as a function of time [13], is measured by the mean value of d, i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6692, "input_1": "The central motif sequence GARGQAGVMGFO corresponding to amino acids 394–405 has the highest binding affinity for DDR2.(27) This binding site overlaps with the binding site of another soluble collagen-binding protein von Willebrand factor (vWF) in collagen type 3,(27) and is in close proximity to a binding site for decorin on collagen type 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6693, "input_1": "Each of the following databases, HUGO [5], ExPASy [2,7] (Swiss-Prot and TREMBL names), ENSEMBL [3], GenBank [4], FlyBase [6] and Gene Ontology [9], comes with a list of synonyms, which were downloaded and entered into a separate table for each dataset.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6694, "input_1": "Reference Noise Exposure Air Pollution Exposure Health Outcome Sample Adjustments Direction of Evidence\nHypertension and\nAtherosclerosis\nSørensen et al,\n2011 [8]\nRTN SOUNDPLAN\nusing Nordic\nprediction model\nfrom 5 years prior to\nenrolment to\n2000–2002.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6695, "input_1": "However, the k-safeness of the hypercube does not guarantee the connectivity of the network unless we also bound the number of faulty nodes by 2(n − k) − 1 [17, 35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6696, "input_1": "These results are in accordance to the expected half-life of albumin in humans (Noort et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6697, "input_1": "The magnitude of these differences is exaggerated by the high impact of annual burning on bird abundance and nesting success (Little et al. 2013) (Table 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6698, "input_1": "[7] provided us with the executable file of their signal selection implementation and we used it for the selection process.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6699, "input_1": "These results are in agreement with a study by WikstroÃàm et al. (2007) in which loss of AMH expression was also observed to occur at a later age in 14 KS patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6700, "input_1": "Rail clamps that have used the nonbreakdown approach can further be classified into single time-constant-based [1]–[6], dual time-constant-based [7]–[9], and latch or feedbackbased [10]–[15] rail clamps.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6701, "input_1": "However, these results contradict others that show a significant association with regard to hearing loss((19,25)) and the absent DPOAE((18)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6702, "input_1": "Gazi [10] also introduced a sliding mode controller so that the members with considerable inertial effects would follow the high viscosity swarming behaviors in previous studies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6703, "input_1": "Lie and Alsop (2007, 2009) integrated each of the two competing models into Davison and Tustin’s (1978) model of signal detection.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6704, "input_1": "element-wise) product and the filter matrix H has in each row a bandpass filter of Gaussian shape centered near the water resonance with a variance in the range of 1ps2p4 [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6705, "input_1": "These results agree with previous 16S-based works [9,10,33], implying that the use of this method does not entail a bias and, in addition, new taxa may be discovered.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6706, "input_1": "Intestinal obstruction has been reported as a major cause of mortality in CF mice with severe CFTR mutations (Walker et al, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6707, "input_1": "Genetics and Molecular Research 4 (1): 55-66 (2005) www.funpecrp.com.br\nA recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6708, "input_1": ", 2006], genetic factors alone may account for up to 50–60% of the variance in the population [Tyndale, 2003; McGue, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6709, "input_1": "Genotyping of patients with bronchial asthma and COPD was carried out by using the TaqMan Drug Metabolism Genotyping Assays.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6710, "input_1": "Other researchers utilized the CEBI as an outcome measure and found a decrease in a child’s total eating score (Fraser et al., 2004; Laud et al., 2009; Schreck et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6711, "input_1": "We compared our algorithm with CLOSET+ [11], which is an enhanced version of CLOSET [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6712, "input_1": "The SWI/SNF and RSC chromatin remodeling complexes have been shown to localize to the histone genes in a HIR dependent manner and participate in their transcriptional regulation [22,23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6713, "input_1": "Supplementary motor area was defined as cortex on the medial wall forward of the precentral sulcus, superior to the cingulate sulcus (or the paracingulate sulcus, when present), and behind the coronal plane perpendicular to the anterior commissure – posterior commissure (AC – PC) line and tangent to the posterior margin of the AC (Chainay et al. 2004; Fink et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6714, "input_1": "As mentioned above, TcPRAC enzymes contribute to delays in the effective host immune response by nonspecifically activating B-lymphocytes, thus enhancing the ability of the parasite to avoid immune clearance [8,9,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6715, "input_1": "Antigen receptor signaling during clonal expansion likely drives down Bcl-2 levels and hyper-induce Mcl-1 in responding CD8 T cells (Dunkle et al., 2011; Opferman et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6716, "input_1": "…putative NECs in the orobranchial epithelium, were also unlabeled in Tg(crestin: creERT2);Tg(-3.5ubi:loxP-GFP-loxP-mCherry) (Mosimann et al., 2011; Kaufman et al., 2016) larvae/ metamorphic juveniles, even when nearby neural crest-derived cells in branchial arch cartilages and/ or gill filament…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6717, "input_1": ") For ease of algorithm development and specification, a number of basic communication, data movement, and global operations on the LARPBS model implemented using the coincident pulse processor addressing technique [2, 11, 23] have been developed [13, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6718, "input_1": "The origin of the leukocytosis observed in adult patients with DKA is unknown but has been attributed, in part, to increased catecholamine release from the adrenal gland in response to stress; marked dehydration and resulting hemoconcentration may also play a role [23-24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6719, "input_1": "…al.\n(1994), Takamori et al. (2000), Bellocchio et al. (2000)\nTelencephalon (cortex); presynaptic Adrenal medulla Olivan et al. (2011);\nhypothalamus Herman et al. (2004); corticotroph cells Kocsis et al. (2010)\nNot viable (die at\nweaning) WallenMackenzie et al. (2010)\nVGluT2/DNPI Aihara et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6720, "input_1": "In Weibull analyses of the rate of licking during meals, the rate of decay of licking, B, was significantly reduced by SDA [F(1,11) 5 10.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6721, "input_1": "In the restricted form of plan recognition that focuses on inferring users’ goals without concern for identifying their plans or sub-plans, goal recognition models have been automatically acquired using statistical corpus-based approaches without the need for hand-authored plan libraries (Blaylock and Allen 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6722, "input_1": "…memory in aMCI and AD patients has been extensively reported (Brown & Storandt, 2000; Carlesimo et al., 2011; Grober & Kawas, 1997; Grober et al., 2008; Ivanoiu et al., 2005; Lemos et al., 2015; Mahieux et al., 2009; Saka et al., 2006; Sarazin et al., 2010; Vogel et al., 2007; Wagner et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6723, "input_1": "For example, Orlikowski (1996)\nconducted an ethnography of a software company to examine these decisions and processes, and found that members of organizations improvise the nature of their work, their mechanisms of coordination, the forms of accountability, and so forth in response to emergent and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6724, "input_1": "These findings are in accordance with those of other authors reporting postoperative improvement of VF in 75–92% and no improvement or worsening of VF in 8–19% of the patients [2, 4, 7, 15, 17, 21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6725, "input_1": "Simple avulsion is associated with high rates of recurrence because the maxillary portion is not removed [3, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6726, "input_1": "Zesto only supports 18 benchmarks of SPECCPU2006 and we could not generate the .eio files of 7 applications of those through the Zesto.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6727, "input_1": "The rules used in the fusion of the classifiers were Sum , Product, Min andMax rules [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6728, "input_1": "The coloured microspheres were quantitated by extracting the dye into a standard volume of dimethylformamide (DMF) and by making use of the linear relationship between the absorption of the dye solution and the number of spheres (Kowallik et al. 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6729, "input_1": "With the FDA’s 2009 decision to change the T-Spot cutoff for a positive result from six to eight spots [19,20], it actively weighed the sensitivityspecificity balance in the face of lower-prevalence TB in the US.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6730, "input_1": "We also hypothesized that variation in seed mass should decrease in populations subjected to the strongest directional selection pressure (see [29]), which in this case is more arid areas where seed mass is known to be a key determinant of fitness [35,39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6731, "input_1": "This interface is setup in the SAPLEN dialogue system, previously developed in our lab to deal with Spanish telephone-based orders and queries of fast food restaurants’ clients [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6732, "input_1": "The adaptation process consisted of the following steps: (1) focus group discussions to adapt the language of a depression screening instrument (the PHQ-9) (previously described) [14]; (2) a validation study to determine the test characteristics of the PHQ-9 among HIV-infected patients in Cameroon (previously described) [14]; (3) key informant interviews with a variety of health care providers to define the existing (preintervention) standard of care for patients presenting with mental health disorders; (4) adaptation of medication and dosing recommendations in consultation with local medical", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6733, "input_1": "Finally, participants were interviewed in a funnel debriefing procedure (Chartrand & Bargh, 1996) about the study’ purpose and what they had seen during the trials.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6734, "input_1": "Others like Karnani (2007) counter the free-market view by arguing that information asymmetry between the firm and the less informed consumer might lead to a market failure, proposing instead that “if she was truly empowered, she would probably refuse to buy a skin whitener in the first place” (p.…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6735, "input_1": ", Epstein & Kanwisher, 1998; O’Craven & Kanwisher, 2000). Thus, Hayes et al. interpreted the above result as evidence that objects are episodically integrated with scene context in VLTM. However, using Hanna and Remington’s (1996) logic, these data are also ambiguous, because Hayes et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6736, "input_1": "The computer model of OXPHOS and entire bioenergetic system in skeletal muscle (33, 37) and heart (35) including anaerobic glycolysis developed previously was used in the present study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6737, "input_1": "In their study of the British postal population, Bentley and Haslam (1998, 2001) and Haslam and Bentley (1999) effectively highlighted that AOL occurrence resulted from combinations of factors concerning the various work situation components (organisation, physical and social environment, equipment and individual).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6738, "input_1": "Following that, we estimated the expression levels with their respective uncertainties of each transcript in our C57Bl/6J, Cast/EiJ diploid transcriptome using MMSEQ (Turro et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6739, "input_1": "This dataset is from Hamlet and Lettenmaier (2005), and represents a gridding of daily weather station observations that is informed by monthly fields from the PRISM dataset (Daly et al. 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6740, "input_1": "More recently, engineering lignin structures to facilitate the recovery and conversion of lignin into many types of aromatic commodities has also received considerable research attention (Ragauskas et al. 2014; Beckham et al. 2016; Rinaldi et al. 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6741, "input_1": "It is a weak base (pKa 7.8) with poor oral bioavailability thus necessitating administration of relatively high doses (300–450 mg/kg body weight in preclinical models) for optimal therapeutic benefits (Aneja et al., 2007; Ke et al., 2000; Ye et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6742, "input_1": "The normal velocity of the tumor boundary [21], [18], [22], [13] is: V = −μn · (∇P ) (8) Following [21], [18], [22], [13] and others, assume that λ, λA, λB, nB, and b are uniform.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6743, "input_1": "IL-13 concentration was chosen based on previous publications in human airway epithelial cell cultures[10,21-23], and measurement of IL13 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatics with a segmental allergen challenge[24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6744, "input_1": "The R123 fluorescence, which is quenched at resting DCm, increases with mitochondrial membrane depolarization (11, 12).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6745, "input_1": "The use of MRI helps with this challenge when planning a bone tumor resection [28, 30, 31] as it allows the surgeon to determine the extent of the tumor and its relationship to surrounding structures, which can be correlated to intraoperative landmarks [23] to estimate the location of the tumor and the osteotomies required to resect it.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6746, "input_1": "In this experiment, we compare our results with one of the most related exsiting works [31] using data mining method, in which the dynamics of information diffusion are predicted by", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6747, "input_1": "In the literature, reports of very high individual improvements can be found [1,2], but average scores in larger series [2,26] are similar to the results in this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6748, "input_1": "The pixels with NDVI less than 0.2 are nonvegetation (Tsai et al., 2007; Noujdina and Ustin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6749, "input_1": "Antibody-specific escape mutations in HIV-1 typically occur within the epitope targeted by the antibody (Andrus et al., 1998; Diskin et al., 2011; Horwitz et al., 2013; Klein et al., 2012; West et al., 2013), although allosteric mutations may also alter antibody binding in some cases (Bradley et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6750, "input_1": "Biofilm and calcified deposits must be removed in order to allow healing and reduce the risk for disease future progression [17, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6751, "input_1": "Examples of experiments in which there is a convergent to a relatively more efficient solution for the population have been reviewed [23,42-45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6752, "input_1": "After having shown a protective role for CD39 in ALI, we next pursued the functional contributions of CD73 which catalyzes the final conversion of AMP to adenosine and is considered the pacemaker for extracellular adenosine generation (9, 15, 23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6753, "input_1": "…target on that trial would vanish (such a location was analogous to the location of distractors to the left or right of vertically moving targets in Kerzel, 2003a).2\n In each block, each participant received 216 trials (2 cues [present, absent] 9 probes [ 12, 9, 6, 3, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12] 2 directions…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6754, "input_1": "It is a common methodology for extracting structured frameworks from video game components and mechanics [60, 68].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6755, "input_1": "For a broader theoretical and empirical discussion of the differences between blatant dehumanization and subtler, potentially unconscious, forms (such as the denial of secondary emotions), see Kteily et al., 2015.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6756, "input_1": "(4), as well as the genitalia, palms, soles (1,5), ears, scalp (1), and upper limbs (2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6757, "input_1": "2 system [50] by collecting for each predicted open reading frame observations from similarity searches against sequence databases (nr, SwissProt [3]), KEGG [30], COG [77], genomesDB (see next paragraph), and protein family databases (Pfam [15]) and InterPro [25]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6758, "input_1": "Reactive SC hardware employs an additional un-ordered, coalescing store buffer for safe stores as in [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6759, "input_1": "The patients were neurologically evaluated at baseline and at follow-up with the recently validated Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) [33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6760, "input_1": "The admission assessment included determining the risk factors for cerebral infarction,13,14 clinical ischemic stroke category (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke1), and disease severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.15\n545\nAbbreviations\nAF = Atrial fibrillation\nLAA = Left atrial appendage\nLAA eV = LAA emptying flow velocity\nLAD = Left atrial dimension\nLAWV = LAA peak wall velocity\nROC = Receiver operating characteristic\nSEC = Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast\nTEE = Transesophageal echocardiography\nTTE = Transthoracic echocardiography\nWe defined patients who had no histories of AF and no documented AF on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during hospitalization as the sinus rhythm group, patients who had histories of AF before admission and/or continuously documented AF on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during hospitalization as having chronic AF, and patients who had AF at admission and recovered to normal sinus rhythm during hospitalization and/or showed sinus rhythm at admission and documented transient AF on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during hospitalization as having paroxysmal AF.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6761, "input_1": "Some kinetic characteristics of microorganisms found in bioreactors used for waste gas treatment have recently been reported (Pedersen et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6762, "input_1": "SN hyperechogenicity is associated with local abnormal iron accumulation (Berg et al. 1999b, 2002; Zecca et al. 2005), decreased neuromelanin (Zecca et al. 2005), and microglia activation (Berg et al. 2010) in addition to remote brain changes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6763, "input_1": "In our numerical simulations, a nondimensional form of our previous model (17) was used to reduce significantly the number of parameters and to prevent the occurrence of numerical errors in the computation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6764, "input_1": "Similarly, performance on the secondary task presents a decline when inadequate resources are allocated to its performance (Craik et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6765, "input_1": "Therefore, unlike inorganic nitrogen sources, most of the organic nitrogen sources, in addition to acting as a nitrogen source, supply vitamins, minerals and accessory growth factors in the cultivation medium that enhance bacterial growth and enzyme production (Gupta et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6766, "input_1": "As previously reported [15, 16, 22] and according to recent findings [17, 29] regarding scanning influences on neural baseline conditions, PET investigations might be useful in the same way as a functional MRI (fMRI) study in which the temporal resolution is in the range of minutes instead of seconds [22, 30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6767, "input_1": "Therefore, ongoing inhibition during substrate incubation needs to be considered in the model, at least for the most sensitive components (Estévez and Vilanova 2009; Estévez et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6768, "input_1": "However, some short-term or long-term air pollution events have been reported frequently in many Chinese cities (Chai et al., 2014; Chan and Yao, 2008; Chen and Xie, 2014; Cheng et al., 2013; Li et al., 2014; Qu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2008, 2014a–e) and especially long-lasting haze-fog episodes…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6769, "input_1": "The coordinated formation of each of these components is crucial to synaptic function, and genetic studies have revealed\nmultiple conserved pathways that control their development (Collins and DiAntonio, 2007; Harris and Littleton, 2015; Menon et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6770, "input_1": "The genotype distribution in men and women was similar to that reported by Rogenhofer et al. (2012) where a RPL cohort was compared with three different control groups.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6771, "input_1": "Anemone saturation is a measure of the density of fish in each anemone (Buston 2003a), and local density might influence the fitness of breeders (Tupper and Boutilier 1995; Hixon and Carr 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6772, "input_1": "Characteristically, these genera are rich in monoterpenes, including eugenol, citronellal and citronellol also investigated in this study [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6773, "input_1": ", 2005) and ICSM18 (aa 143–153; Beringue et al., 2004; Khalili-Shirazi et al., 2005) were used to detect PrP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6774, "input_1": "Most patients diagnosed with NPC in Israel are found to have either nonkeratinizing carcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma and are diagnosed at an advanced stage; both histology types are strongly associated with EBV [2, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6775, "input_1": "…protagonists (referents), different visual supports (without text) can be employed including cartoon videos (e.g., Arnold et al., 2009) or picture booklets (e.g., Hickmann et al., 1995; Van der Lely, 1997; Colle et al., 2008; Hendriks et al., 2014; Kuijper et al., 2015; Contemori andDussias, 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6776, "input_1": "In the present case, a finite-element discretization of the displacement field [25] will be used to prescribe the loading conditions on the external part of the region of interest.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6777, "input_1": "This pressure could originate either from forces exerted by actin polymerization against the mitochondrial outer membrane (Korobova et al., 2013), or by myosin-II dimer mediated contraction of actin filaments lying between the ER and mitochondrial membranes (Hatch et al., 2014; Korobova et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6778, "input_1": "1 3 of R2R3 and R3-MYB transcription factors is capable to suppress flavonoids in model plants such as tobacco and Arabidopsis (Aharoni et al. 2001; Matsui et al. 2008; Zhu et al. 2009, 2013; Albert et al. 2011; Nakatsuka et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6779, "input_1": "attached microbial community to verify biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms (Geyer et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6780, "input_1": "However, leaf detachment experiments demonstrated that it takes 4 h in cucumber (Rasmussen et al., 1991) and 4–6 h in Arabidopsis (Truman et al., 2007; Chaturvedi et al., 2012) for the SAR signal to move out of the induced leaf.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6781, "input_1": "Although NO can react directly with O2 - to form peroxynitrite (Lipton et al. 1993), the production of O2 - by wounding was from the leaves incubated with water.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6782, "input_1": "Past studies have laid the foundation for envisioning digital platforms as layered modular architectures [8], [9], [44], [51], [57], especially with respect to how technological capabilities affect interconnected digital platforms [33], as well as how platform owners exercise governance in an attempt to strike an equilibrium between control and openness to foster platform innovation [11], [12], [30], [34], [54].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6783, "input_1": "Our methodology built on our previously published estimates of unintended pregnancy.(2) Changes to the methodology are noted at various points in the following.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6784, "input_1": "2005) without reservation and none of the features invoked by Jaeger et al. (1999) have been reassessed or challenged in detail, with the exception of the character analysis by Gunnell and Miller (2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6785, "input_1": "These results are more or less similar to study by (Nieschlag and Behre, 2001)which was 14.8% and 10.9% respectively and study of (Philippov et al, 1998) which was 10.9%, and lower than study by (Greenberg et al, 1978; Lipshultz and Howards, 1997) which was 37.4% and 42.2% respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6786, "input_1": "More specifically, in line with the literature showing that ToM is a complex activity (Bosco et al. 2009a,b) we expected that: (b) Persons with AUD would present an impaired ToM when compared with controls on each specific ToM dimension, namely first- and third-person ToM, egocentric and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6787, "input_1": "In particular, we expand\nD E V E LO\nP M\nE N T\nupon relationships established between Vang and Pk (Bastock et al., 2003) and localization dynamics of Fz dependent upon Dsh (Strutt et al., 2011) to verify that Pk has an analogous effect on Vangl localization dynamics.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6788, "input_1": "SEM is a powerful tool that allows for the relative effect of many explanatory factors on a response variable to be determined, even if many of the explanatory factors are correlated (Grace 2006; Schumacker and Lomax 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6789, "input_1": "Since many aspects of gait and balance are influenced by dual tasking (O’Shea et al. 2002; Woollacott and Shumway-Cook 2002; Yogev et al. 2005), one could suggest that the left–right regulation of asymmetry also utilizes cognitive resources and hence will be altered during dual tasking conditions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6790, "input_1": "One may perform frequency offset estimation and then offset compensation [1, 4, 7] or can compensate directly for the offset [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6791, "input_1": "This scenario corresponds to the structure of irreversible MichaelisMenten, well-known in the literature (Heinrich and Schuster, 1996), where an enzyme appears predominantly in the reversibly interconvertible forms of the free enzyme E and the enzymesubstrate complex ES, and the product P is irreversibly produced from the enzyme-substrate complex.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6792, "input_1": "The GFP-hyg was amplified from pIGPAPA [45], and the 39 flanking region of the MYT1 gene was amplified by primer pair MYT1-3F/MYT1-3R.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6793, "input_1": "Similarly, previous studies in Drosophila [24] and yeast [39,40] found distinct transcriptional responses to different oxidizing treatments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6794, "input_1": "The PlyG binding domain (PlyG) was amplified by PCR from a Wb phage template with indicated primers and cloned in-frame with the 39 end of gfpmut2 in plasmid pBAD24 as described previously [46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6795, "input_1": "We used 600 million Japanese Web pages (Akamine et al., 2010) parsed by KNP (Kawahara and Kurohashi, 2006) as a corpus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6796, "input_1": "PED overexpression also impairs GLUT1 translocation in response to insulin, but increases GLUT1 content in the plasma membranes of basal cells (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6797, "input_1": "We evaluated our document model using an established dataset for semantic document similarity (50 documents dataset from Lee et al. (2005) (LP50)) and show that our approach outperforms baselines relying on traditional, i.e., ‘flat’, document representations, and also produces results close to…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6798, "input_1": "(Pottiaceae) exhibits a high level of genetic diversity; spore and propagule recruitment, the modality of vegetative reproduction and somatic mutations were suggested among the most probable causes of the high intra-specific molecular diversity observed (Spagnuolo et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6799, "input_1": "This discovery, along with the fact that both intrinsic and Rho-dependent terminators have associated pausing, suggested that antipausing can underlie antitermination, which is at least partly true (126).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6800, "input_1": "…when inhibition is quantified as the per cent suppression of an MEP, a small test response of 0.3 mV is less susceptible to SICI at 2.5 ms than a larger response (Sanger et al. 2001; Roshan et al. 2003) because SICI depends on the inhibition of late I-waves that are only recruited in larger MEPs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6801, "input_1": "This is consistent with prior research that considers individuals as navigating a turbulent career environment, forcing them to draw from multiple sources of developmental support ( Higgins and Kram, 2001 ).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6802, "input_1": "Gouveia and Martins [7] reviewed exact and lower bounding schemes, including earlier works of Gavish [4, 5], the branch-and-bound algorithm of Malik and Yu [10], the Lagrangean relaxation approach of Gouveia [6], and the cutting plane method of Hall [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6803, "input_1": "In state of the art schemes [16,5], a warrant ω is either the concatenation of all permitted messages or an abstract description of the message space for which signing is being delegated, together with a certificate, which is a signature on ω (and typically other values including the proxy’s identity and public key), under the delegator’s private signing key.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6804, "input_1": "Along this line of thought, RBL cells display both polarized and receptor-stimulated endocytic recycling (57, 58), and we show in this paper that they also express Rab13, Rab17, Rab20, and Rab25, which are all implicated in polarized transport in epithelial cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6805, "input_1": "Similar results in vertebrates were found in a study of fries of the fish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in which the effects of hydrocarbons (crude oil, benzene, toluene, and xylene) were examined after 4 days of exposure (Otitoloju & Olagoke 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6806, "input_1": "Besides, we also notice that some existing approaches [8, 9] can be used indirectly to mine maximal frequent sequences under differential privacy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6807, "input_1": "This indicates that the upregulation of TGF-b1 by ANG II is enhanced in the obstructed kidney, an effect that occurs in the face of normalization of receptor expression after 3 days of UUO (48).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6808, "input_1": "We targeted the right auditory cortex because previous studies reported selectively right-sided activity in the superior temporal gyrus during timing tasks (e.g., Coull et al. 2004; Rao et al. 1997; Coull et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6809, "input_1": "…hippocampus for episodic encoding and retrieval processes in healthy young subjects was initially proposed as part of the HIPER model, with the anterior part of the hippocampus being preferentially involved in encoding, and retrieval mainly depending on its posterior portion (Lepage et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6810, "input_1": "For example, we have shown that a depressive mood state and poor quality of life are less likely in elderly individuals who meet empirical minimum standards of habitual physical activity: >4,000 steps/day or >5 min/day at an intensity ≥3 metabolic equivalents (METs; Yasunaga et al., 2006; Yoshiuchi et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6811, "input_1": "Similar results have been reported regarding D. dadantii 3937 by Yi et al. (2010) who showed that the c-di-GMP turnover was mediated by GGDEF and EAL domain proteins in D. dadantii 3937.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6812, "input_1": "By contrast, Hanlon et al. (1998) showed that higher serum cholesterol reduced the risk of hospitalization in this population.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6813, "input_1": "These results support findings in the literature that describe deficits in explicit processing of dynamic emotional expression in individuals with ASD (Back et al., 2007; Lindner & RoseÃÅn, 2006), but preserved lipreading skills (De Gelder et al., 1991; Gepner et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6814, "input_1": "We previously reported that this pattern is the result of specific expression of Arpp/Ankrd2 in type 1 myofibers (Tsukamoto et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6815, "input_1": "have estimated that following clinical guidelines, about 27% of African Americans with HF in the US are eligible to receive FDC-ISDN/HYD, but they have observed that compliance with these guidelines is poor [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6816, "input_1": "According to different authors, anxiety seems to be one of the fundamental factors that regulate EDA [Geer, 1966; Corah and Pantera, 1968; West et al., 1983].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6817, "input_1": "To derive the expressions, we follow the similar notation as proposed in [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6818, "input_1": "In particular, it provides some information as to why SM/J mice may show diminished glucose tolerance in comparison to the LG/J strain [24] on a high fat diet.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6819, "input_1": "…Spanish, as spoken in Madrid (Estebas-Vilaplana, 2006; Estebas-Vilaplana & Prieto, 2007), Salamanca (de la Mota, 2005), and Majorca (Simonet & Torreira, 2005; Simonet, 2006), and on Central Catalan as spoken in Barcelona (Estebas-Vilaplana, 2003; Estebas-Vilaplana & Prieto, 2007; Prieto, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6820, "input_1": "The authors of [3] study the problem of Early Application Identification and show that it is enough to know the length of the first four or five packets to", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6821, "input_1": "…inactivation (Charlton et al., 1982; Chaudhuri et al., 2005; Forsythe et al., 1998; Xu and Wu, 2005) and vesicle depletion (Custer et al., 2006; Pieribone et al., 1995; Schneggenburger et al., 2002; Xu and Wu, 2005) have varying dependence on the frequency of stimulation at different synapses,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6822, "input_1": "In previous time-series studies, many lag structures were considered in multiple models, and the authors presented only the statistically significant results (Schwartz et al., 1997, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6823, "input_1": "In this sense, oligodendrogliomas can show similar pathological findings to liponeurocytoma [5, 6, 12, 18, 21, 24, 26], although Olig2 immunohistochemistry is reported to show a high possibility of positive results in oligodendroglioma, while neurocytomas are mostly negative [15, 20, 23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6824, "input_1": "Both the alleviation of fluid overload [3] as well as the provision of this necessary volume in the form of medications improve outcomes and mortality risk.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6825, "input_1": "Work with non-neuronal cells has suggested that BCL-xL regulates the flux of metabolites across the outer mitochondrial membrane to facilitate transport of ATP into the cytosol after a death stimulus (Vander Heiden et al., 2000, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6826, "input_1": "We have added the affordances to the definitions by hand, but we will look at ways to automate this, either based on semantic annotations provided with the CAD files as in [15], or possibly some geometric reasoning on part features.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6827, "input_1": "To determine this canonical set of values, the parameters from the mathematical model of the leech HN neurons were used as a starting point because the silicon neurons were based on this mathematical model [54].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6828, "input_1": "In [103], a gamma, X-ray, and high energy proton radiationtolerant SPAD has been developed for space applications.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6829, "input_1": "Interestingly, within such a time interval, AMPAR translocation seems to occur predominantly between an intracellular somatic pool and extrasynaptic somatic sites (Adesnik et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6830, "input_1": "This section contains a generalisation of the basic results on multifractal products of stochastic processes developed in Kahane (1985), Kahane (1987) and Mannersalo et al (2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6831, "input_1": "Cold can activate sympathetic nerve system (SNS) to excrete norepinephrine, and then the BAT, which is rich in sympathetic nerve terminals, will produce more heat [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6832, "input_1": "We use 3 standard MLC benchmarks, as used by other recent approaches (Belanger & McCallum 2016; Gygli et al. 2017; Amos & Kolter 2017): Bibtex, Delicious, and Bookmarks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6833, "input_1": "The admission assessment included determining the risk factors for cerebral infarction,13,14 clinical ischemic stroke category (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke1), and disease severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.15\n 545\n Abbreviations\n AF = Atrial fibrillation\n LAA = Left atrial appendage\n LAA eV = LAA emptying flow velocity\n LAD = Left atrial dimension\n LAWV = LAA peak wall velocity\n ROC = Receiver operating characteristic\n SEC = Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast\n TEE = Transesophageal echocardiography\n TTE = Transthoracic echocardiography\n We defined patients who had no histories of AF and no documented AF on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during hospitalization as the sinus rhythm group, patients who had histories of AF before admission and/or continuously documented AF on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during hospitalization as having chronic AF, and patients who had AF at admission and recovered to normal sinus rhythm during hospitalization and/or showed sinus rhythm at admission and documented transient AF on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during hospitalization as having paroxysmal AF.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6834, "input_1": "…Accession P21334), al-2 (UniProt Accession P37295) and al-3 (UniProt Accession P24322) were used to search the genomic sequence of P. anserina [Espagne et al. 2008), published at http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/ English/Projets/Projet_GA/GA.html (P. anserina sequencing consortium)] for…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6835, "input_1": "The review protocol describes all steps performed during the review, reduces risk of bias, and increases its rigor, transparency, and repeatability [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6836, "input_1": "In this paper, W , is an intermediate logic,resembling first order logic, that uses the meta-data gleaned from WordNet, and is used as an intermediary stepping logic that can be converted into another logic, such as a first order logic.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6837, "input_1": "We demonstrate that the average amplitudes of contralateral PBR (cPBR) and ipsilateral NBR (iNBR) were negatively correlated as previously reported and thought to result from increased ipsilateral inhibition occurring concurrently with increased contralateral excitation (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6838, "input_1": "18 De Cocker, 2011 [16] Belgium 1 1566 CABG, valve, combined, and other Prolonged > 2, 5, 7 days & continuous Prediction model", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6839, "input_1": "1998), to provide great £exibility in testing evolutionary hypotheses (Huelsenbeck & Rannala 1997), and simply to give excellent results in the inference of evolutionary relationships (Kuhner & Felsenstein 1994; Huelsenbeck 1995). Constraints imposed by computational complexity are becoming less restrictive as computers improve. Given the recognition of phylogenetic inference as being inherently statistical in nature, it is surprising that so little attention has been paid to experimental design. A number of topics of relevance to experimental design in phylogenetics have been discussed previously. There is something of a folklore surrounding the choice of genes or other genomic regions for investigating particular evolutionary questions, but almost no published quantitative results. It is widely accepted that sequences that have undergone very little evolutionary change since their divergence from a common ancestor, through low substitution rates or short evolutionary times, will exhibit too few di¡erences to contain useful evolutionary information. Equally, sequences that have undergone very large amounts of change (high rates or long times) become `saturated' with changes and no evolutionary signal is detectable amid the noise. Consequently, a happy medium is expected at some intermediate level of sequence divergence, but the àsymptotic' results (for extreme high and low levels of divergence) give no clue as to where this lies. Although there is considerable experience with particular genes and organisms (see Hillis et al. (1996, pp. 336^339) for an extensive list of studies), where comparisons among genes have been made they tend to be evaluated empirically by the congruence of the results obtained among themselves and with researchers'a priori expectations. In addition, a large laboratory e¡ort is needed before even these qualitative conclusions can be reached. The methods introduced in this paper can quantify the e¡ects of varying levels of divergence. They con¢rm the belief that intermediate levels of...", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6840, "input_1": "…acid peptide domain known as the homeodomain (McGinnis et al., 1984a,b; Laughon and Scott, 1984), a peptide motif conferring sequence-specific DNA binding ability to the homeoproteins (Laughon and Scott, 1984; Desplan et al., 1985; Beachy et al., 1988; Müller et al., 1988; Ekker et al., 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6841, "input_1": "Studies in other sub-Saharan African countries also showed that rural women had significantly higher unmet need compared to urban women (21, 26, 27, 31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6842, "input_1": "2015) as the weight initialization method and train our network using Adam (Kingma and Ba 2014) with a minibatch size of 64.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6843, "input_1": "To visualize CSE1-GFP and RFP-VPS-52 localization, the strains were grown on Vogel’s MM plates overnight and squares of 1 cm were excised and examined in the same confocal microscope explained above using the 488-nm laser for GFP and 563 nm laser for RFP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6844, "input_1": "Based on previous studies, bothmGluR1 andmGluR5 were very important for the regulation of pyramidal cell excitability (Mannaioni et al., 2001; Ireland and Abraham, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6845, "input_1": "In the context of the SPIN model checker [24], AI Planning heuristic search methods have been adapted to SPIN [9, 10], and compilations from Promela to AI Planning languages have been designed [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6846, "input_1": "A longer pulse or a longer rising/falling time will increase the interaction of the light photons and acoustic phonons and lead to a worse spatial resolution along the fiber [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6847, "input_1": "Aberrant mammalian GPCR activity has been directly linked to such maladies as blindness, asthma, heart disease, obesity, and cancer [13,14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6848, "input_1": "Based on previous studies, each intervention could be assumed to increase the breastfeeding rate and correspondingly reduce the incidence of rotavirus-diarrhea [1,3,10-12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6849, "input_1": "ethnic minorities and an often difficult relationship between service users and mental health services (Broome et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6850, "input_1": "FGF23 induces hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes in vitro and LVH in rodents through a direct FGFR-dependent mechanism, but independently of a-klotho, which is not expressed in cardiac myocytes (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6851, "input_1": "Importantly, most repeated sequences that extend >20 bp actually extend over at least 100 bp (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6852, "input_1": "The 5 2.3 kb enhancer region (chr2: 19351717-19354014) was cloned into the BgEGFP reporter vector (Lumpkin et al., 2003) to generate 2.3Ptf1a-GFP or a nuclear lacZ reporter gene with the minimal promoter of the rat Ela1 gene to generate 2.3Ptf1a-lacZ (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6853, "input_1": "An aborted process cancels its pending requests and releases the resources it held [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6854, "input_1": "…information, studies in awake behaving animals have shown only changes in the firing rate of Purkinje cells to be correlated with movementrelated parameters (Lisberger and Fuchs 1978; Mano and Yamamoto 1980; Medina and Lisberger 2007, 2008; Pasalar et al. 2006; Thach 1970; Yamamoto et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6855, "input_1": "…of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as the standard of care, with six additional studies (Baigis et al., 2002; Lox et al., 1996; MacArthur et al., 1993; Perna et al., 1999; Stringer, Berezovskaya, O’Brien, Beck, & Casaburi, 1998; Terry et al., 2006) including subjects on some…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6856, "input_1": "Invasive species can alter successional patterns, mutualistic relationships, community dynamics, ecosystem function and resource distributions (Mooney & Cleland 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6857, "input_1": "Race-related beliefs shape perceptions of White disadvantage and , doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.011\nare a result of efforts to protect the outcomes of one’s in-group (e.g., Lowery et al., 2006), rather than an objection to cultural norms of meritocracy.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6858, "input_1": "These concentrations of fluoxetine and propranolol were chosen in order to represent high environmental concentrations (based on surface water, wastewater effluent, and predicted environmental concentrations) up to those shown to result in effects on fish [26–29], or where the fish plasma model [30] would predict concentrations above human therapeutic levels (Cmax).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6859, "input_1": "(Ig)–like domains and whose cytoplasmic region contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs that mediate the binding and activation of the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2.(19,20) Tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα is triggered by various growth factors and cytokines as well as by integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6860, "input_1": "In [36], the LBP is adopted to describe the neighboring relationship not only in image space, but also in the responses by convolving multi-scale and multiorientation Gabor filters.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6861, "input_1": "Stability is often reached after only five or so convergent interviews [50].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6862, "input_1": "…projection neurons [medium spiny neurons (MSNs)] increase their firing rate\nfollowing local application of GABA antagonists (Bernardi et al., 1976; Nisenbaum and Berger, 1992; Kita, 1996; Darbin and Wichmann, 2008), which should, in theory, increase inhibition to the GPe via the indirect pathway.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6863, "input_1": "For controls, all three primer pairs were tested in the second-round PCR. Primers specific to Botrytis, Cladosporium and Fusarium (Table 1) were designed based on the\nITS sequences from our previous publication (Shipunov et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6864, "input_1": "The EPIYA motifs have been classified into four types, A, B, C and D (Higashi et al., 2002a), based on the amino acid sequences following each type and all types can be phosphorylated in vitro.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6865, "input_1": "The processes of tessera formation and their relationship to crustal plateaus have been explored in an extensive body of work [e.g., Head and Crumpler, 1987; Herrick and Phillips, 1990; Bindschadler and Head, 1991; Bindschadler et al., 1992a, 1992b; Bindschadler, 1995; Grimm, 1994; Brown and Grimm, 1997; Hansen and Willis, 1996, 1998; Ivanov and Head, 1996; Pritchard et al., 1997; Gilmore et al., 1997, 1998; Head and Basilevsky, 1998; Phillips and Hansen, 1994, 1998; Hansen et al., 1997, 1999, 2000; Ghent and Hansen, 1999; Banks and Hansen, 2000].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6866, "input_1": "AML is characterized by the aberrant juxtaposition of the oncogene ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1), with regulatory elements of ribophorin 1 (RPN1), resulting in overexpression of EVI1 (Buonamici et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6867, "input_1": "Supporting this theory, it has been shown that use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly ibuprofen, was associated with a lower risk for PD (Chen et al., 2003; Gao et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6868, "input_1": "Beneficial fungal secondary metabolites have a wide range of applications, including antibiotics (penicillin and cephalosporin [52]), immunosuppressants (cyclosporins [140]), cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins [115]), angiogenesis inhibitors (fumagillin derivatives and pseurotin derivatives [5, 15]), anti-osteoporosis agents (orsellinic acid derivatives F-9557 A and B [23]), anti-migraine and hypertension-lowering medications (ergot alkaloids [73]), plant growth hormones (gibberellins [27]) and food additives (carotenoids [7]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6869, "input_1": "Except for some parameter values, the game studied by Schneider and Kube is similar to the individual wage treatment in Abeler et al. (2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6870, "input_1": "The majority of our findings are in line with prior studies such as those dealing with the adoption of mobile technology (Kim and Garrison, 2009; Lee and Park, 2008), with two notable exceptions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6871, "input_1": "Interestingly, the HDAC4-\nDach2-myogenin transcriptional axis is also required for full\ninduction of the ubiquitin E3 ligases MuRF1 and atrogin-1 that\npromote atrophy (Cohen et al., 2007; Macpherson et al., 2011;\nMoresi et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6872, "input_1": "While targets are expressed in Domain Notation[9] in the PONDER framework , we treat the domain name for targets as the name to be mapped to managed entities in a J2EE application server.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6873, "input_1": "Similarly, the typical primate pattern of males being larger than females may have been selected against through generations of large, aggressive males dying during periods of energetic stress (Wright 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6874, "input_1": "If a cerebral vasculitis of autoimmune origin is suspected, there has to be first a pretest verification: predominantly females, young, no previous history of cardiovascular disease, focal or multiple lesions evidenced in a brain MRI or CT [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6875, "input_1": "Finally, the role of MMPs in fibrogenesis is complicated by their apparent role in both the resolution of liver fibrosis, in which MMPs promote ECM degradation, and their role in clearance of fibroblastic HSCs (9, 22, 23, 41).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6876, "input_1": "We quantified the maximum C biomass that could be stored per unit area using two methods: (1) 90th-percentile QR and (2) OLS regressions (Supplementary Methods).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6877, "input_1": "4, December, 2013 translocation of these enzymes to the plasma membrane and/or other membrane (Littler et al., 2006; CorbalánGarcía & Gómez-Fernández, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6878, "input_1": "A subset of patients (n = 74) were screened for the multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1) gene using direct bidirectional sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.(19) In addition, 36 patients had stored urine samples collected before undergoing TSS; in these samples, spot urine calcium and creatinine were measured using the Dimension Clinical Chemistry system (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, New York).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6879, "input_1": "[3, 10] In addition, patients with lower economic status have even less perception of glaucoma.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6880, "input_1": "Construct validity of the CORE as a measure of melancholia\nVares et al. (2015) investigated the underlying dimensions of depression\ncomparing instruments that measure depression from different perspectives – namely, a self-report symptomatic scale (Beck Depression Inventory), a clinician-rated…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6881, "input_1": "However, this ignores the biological function of a negative emotional reaction such as a pain reaction, since these have evolved to protect an individuals overall welfare (Ohl, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6882, "input_1": "with the saturated b-wave amplitude Vmax, the flash intensity K required for semi-saturation as a measure of retinal sensitivity, and the slope related exponent n [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6883, "input_1": "As reproduction appears the key trait maximizing fitness (Viblanc et al. 2010), we predicted that greater allocations into reproduction should be made in the presence of greater number of kin, either due to a positive effect of kin numbers on energy income, or if more female kin provide a safer…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6884, "input_1": "We have compared gluconeogenic measurements using our method based on average deuterium enrichment with those of the C-5 HMT method [10] under conditions when fractional gluconeogenesis is low, intermediate and high.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6885, "input_1": "We assessed opposition to Arab immigration by\nasking participants to assign a limited number of immigrant visas to various groups (e.g., East Asians, Arabs, Eastern Europeans), and then taking the reverse-scored proportion of visas assigned to Arabs (Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6886, "input_1": "Nuclear localization of PTOV1 is required for the stimulation of cell proliferation (Santamaria et al. 2005; Santamaria et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6887, "input_1": "As such, direct analysis of wine by ICP-MS can affect plasma conditions and sample transport thus causing variations in signal stability and intensity [9,10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6888, "input_1": "…3 e (a)s ) assumed asymptotically flat (therefore noncompact) at spatial infinity and geodesically complete [so that, due to the Hopf-Rinow theorem [39], every two points of Σ τ may be connected by a minimizing geodesic segment and there exists a point p ∈ Σ τ from which Σ τ is geodesically…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6889, "input_1": "The maintenance of close nest burrows (King 1989b; Viblanc et al. 2010), greater tolerance (King 1989a; V.A. Viblanc, C. Pasquaretta, C. Sueur, R. Boonstra & F.S. Dobson, unpublished results) and less infanticide (Dobson 1990; Stevens 1998) between kin during this highly energy constraining period…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6890, "input_1": "We optimize using RMSProp [11] and Adam [12] gradient descent solvers, which both obtain relatively similar results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6891, "input_1": "The loading values are arranged in such a way that the changes of the properties of fluorophores can easily be caught throughout the cooking kinetic of meat samples (Boubellouta and Dufour 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6892, "input_1": "However, increased activation and connectivity in PCC have been exploited in patients with epilepsy.([14]) One possible interpretation for the paradox was that there might be a compensatory mechanism that occurs in the resting state results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6893, "input_1": "The result is consistent with the suggestion by Furuya et al. (1994; 2000) that the contribution of the Rydberg states to CH+3 is comparable to that of the (1t2)\n ‚àí1 state.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6894, "input_1": "TSSs of HERG1b, KCNQ1a, and KCNQ1b genes were determined with Ambion’s RNA-Ready cDNA Human Heart RNA Ligase-Mediated Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (5 -RACE) kit, as previously described (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6895, "input_1": "We screened for potential TF binding sites using STAMP [59], with the motifs’ position weight matrices (PWMs) retrieved from the TRANSFAC database [60].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6896, "input_1": "These concentrations were selected to approximate the levels of contamination that are predicted to occur in a clinical setting (Benjamin & Wagner, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6897, "input_1": "Maintaining a negative DCm induces Ca 21 accumulation in mitochondria (11, 12, 19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6898, "input_1": "In addition, the discriminative power of the selection criteria used for a UK AS cohort (Selvadurai et al, 2013) and the effect of the number of biopsy cores (Ochiai et al, 2005) containing cancer were evaluated.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6899, "input_1": "In time-to-event analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression models that controlled for study design were used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for covariates of interest [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6900, "input_1": "A poor performance on the FCSRT has also shown a high correlation with atrophy in the medial temporal lobe (Sánchez-Benavides et al., 2010; Sarazin et al., 2010) and was significantly associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD-biomarkers (Wagner et al., 2012), increasing the validity of this…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6901, "input_1": "In line with this observation, PCP induces in humans a behavioral changes including psychotomimetic activity, amnesia (Nishijima et al., 1996) and schizophrenia (Goff and Wine, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6902, "input_1": "Todd and Oomes (2002) and Todd et al. (2004) criticized these finding as obtained in degenerate conditions and with a very limited field of view.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6903, "input_1": "Similarly, previous results demonstrated that everolimus (an analog of temsirolimus) did not exert an effect on VEGF-dependent endothelial cell chemotaxis in vitro[75].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6904, "input_1": "Using Beamformer Techniques: Advantages and Limitations\n81\nOther systematic effects of the CSSM model were also considered and evaluated in Quraan and Cheyne (2010), including the effect of distance between suppression point and interferer, the effect of the size of the suppression region, the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6905, "input_1": "The latter technique is also called mosaicplasty or the Osteochondral Autograft Transplant System (OATS), and it achieves a congruency of the articular surface in the loadbearing zone of the femoral condyle [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6906, "input_1": "If the normality assumption was rejected at the 1% level with the Shapiro-Wilk test on the model residuals (28), an analysis with the use of rank-transformed datawas performed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6907, "input_1": "Appropriate 2D pulses for imparting these contours were computed as described in [22], with the ‘‘slow” dimension of both the first and second 2D pulses chosen as the x axis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6908, "input_1": "Unlike in (Sriperumbudur et al., 2017; Sutherland et al., 2017), the score function Ĵ(T ) cannot be used as a metric to compare different factorizations of the estimated distribution, as it is dependent on the specific factorization of the joint distribution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6909, "input_1": "…by E. coli expressed P450 1A5 and 3A37 support these findings; P450 1A5 produced exo-AFBO and AFM1 (AFB1 concentrations: 2–500 μM) in a ratio of 1: 2, while P450 3A37 produced exo-AFBOandAFQ1 (AFB1 concentrations: 0.1–1000 μM) in a ratio of 1: 6 (Rawal et al., 2010b; Yip and Coulombe, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6910, "input_1": "3B as well as in prior work (Boly et al., 2012; Doucet et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2012;Marrelec et al., 2008), RSNs are hierarchically organized.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6911, "input_1": "This result however is inconsistent with other results [6, 7] that established connections between calcineurin/NFAT and Notch.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6912, "input_1": "One specific approach to improve Java RMI is to support dynamic caching of shared objects on the accessing nodes, as done in Javanaise [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6913, "input_1": "When HY is infinitedimensional, however, the family can approximate a much broader class of densities on Rd: under mild conditions, it is shown in Sriperumbudur et al., 2017 that the KEF approximates all densities of the form {q0(y) exp (f(y)−A)|f ∈ C0(Y)}, A being the normalizing constant and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6914, "input_1": "A study focused on school nurses (n = 167) and their preparedness to teach within the context of sexual health care revealed that although over 75% of the participants were involved in the provision of sex education, over half expressed the need for further development and education in this area (McFayden 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6915, "input_1": "Cells at passages 3–5 were labeled with FITC conjugated anti-rat CD44, anti-rat CD45, anti-rat CD90 antibodies (Caltag Laboratories Inc, USA) and characterized by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACSCalibur, Becton-Dickinson, USA) [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6916, "input_1": "5 Proof of Proposition 5 The proof is similar to Parke (1999). Assume that γk exists.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6917, "input_1": "…Van den Heede et al., 2007), others prefer a nurse-reported measure of nurse-to-patient ratio (i.e., number of patients assigned to a nurse during the most recent shift) due to known reliability and validity issues of staffing measures derived from administrative databases (Aiken et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6918, "input_1": "Genetic and molecular models explain trichome patterning by a transcriptional network of trichome promoting and repressing genes (Ishida et al., 2008; Pesch and Hülskamp, 2009; Balkunde et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6919, "input_1": "There is increasing evidence that cyclins play important roles in regulating cell cycle progression (Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Olashaw and Pledger, 2002; Murray, 2004; Chulu and Liu, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6920, "input_1": "In this context, it was also shown recently that cellular protein profiles can be inherited beyond cell cycle durations.(34) From a technical point of view, our approach avoids the requirement of chemical cell synchronization,(14,35) which may induce additional stress responses in cells, including the activation of apoptosis by the chemical compounds themselves.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6921, "input_1": "Participants ran at 10 kph for a 2-min familiarisation period, after which marker coordinates were recorded for five gait cycles (Scurr et al., 2010, 2011) in three breast support conditions (no bra, everyday bra and sports bra).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6922, "input_1": "…form of plan recognition that focuses on inferring users’ goals without concern for identifying their plans or sub-plans, goal recognition models have been automatically acquired using statistical corpus-based approaches without the need for hand-authored plan libraries (Blaylock and Allen 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6923, "input_1": "The CCI includes 19 diagnoses, converted from ICD-9 codes, which are weighted based on severity and summed as a single index.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6924, "input_1": "…habitat induced by natural (e.g., bamboo die-offs as a result of mass flowering, earthquake-induced landslides) and/or human (e.g., land use/cover change, agricultural expansion, bamboo harvesting) disturbances (Liu et al., 2001; Mackinnon and De Wulf, 1994; Viña et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6925, "input_1": "A modified version of the SpearmanBrown calculation determined the intraclass reliability coefficient associated with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days of activity [5, 14, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6926, "input_1": "Freshly isolated IEC and HT29 colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines were cultured in the presence or absence of TNFa (33) for 48 h, and culture supernatants were assayed for IL-8 and GROa production by ELISA as described previously (34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6927, "input_1": "We used HMMs and 3D computer vision methods to model phonological aspects of ASL [31, 33] with an unconstrained sentence structure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6928, "input_1": "…studies, comprising the possibility of high throughput with phenotypic characterization upon drug stimuli and may be coupled with high content screening platforms for identification of toxic compounds, as previously described for other 3D systems (Celli et al. 2014; Wenzel et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6929, "input_1": "Related work has reported problems with spammers and unethical workers, who produce incomplete or absurd output (Feng et al. 2009, Mason & Watts 2009, Kazai, G. 2011). In our experiment, for example, text fields were provided for writing down each question based on investigations in Aker, El-Haj, Albakour & Kruschwitz (2012) who report that text fields are a good design selection in order to detect unwilling or less careful workers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6930, "input_1": "For the second source of uncertainty, we used the data given in Reynolds et al. (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6931, "input_1": "To finish, it is worth mentioning that in [12, 13] it has been shown that both the Jonesmatrix formalism and the Stokes parameters in polarization optics can be reformulated as two different representations of the same Lorentz group.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6932, "input_1": "We used the five-item parent-reported CSHCN Screener to identify children with chronic conditions [23] and computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) for data collection during the screening procedure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6933, "input_1": "However, recent reports claim that Toll signaling occurs from an endocytic compartment (Huang et al., 2010; Lund et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6934, "input_1": "In addition, homozygous BG00836 animals displayed defects in eclosion and wing expansion (Table 1), two behaviors under regulation by peptidergic neurons (Park et al. 2003; Peabody et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6935, "input_1": "DBMM is extensively evaluated in terms of classification performance on two benchmark databases (detailed in (Ullah et al 2008) and (Pronobis et al 2010) respectively) with laserscanner data collected from mobile robots navigating in indoor scenarios.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6936, "input_1": "The sulphate dehydrate part of the implant is gradually resorbed during 7–8 weeks and being replaced by ingrowing bone that remodels to form trabecular bone, supplied by the remaing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles thus incorporated in to the newly formed trabecular bone [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6937, "input_1": "The extirpation of ground squirrels from the boreal forest (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011), poor active-season survival, low recruitment rates, immigration from nearby low elevation-meadow habitat and population growth rates <1.0 provide convincing evidence that the boreal forest…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6938, "input_1": "Twitch interpolation was used to assess the degree of triceps surae voluntary activation (Bulow et al. 1995) (see Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6939, "input_1": "This implies that norm-deviations have similar effects in online group settings, in online individual settings (Brody & Pena, 2013; Peña & Brody, 2014), and offline group settings (Marques et al., 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6940, "input_1": "This redistribution could favor venous congestion in some of the flaps, leading to the most common vascular complication, the diffuse venous congestion of the DIEP flap, neither caused by pedicle-related issues (such as venous thrombosis or kinking) nor by technical errors (for example, deficient suture or avulsion of the pedicle).[6,7] This phenomenon is observed in 2-10.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6941, "input_1": "The oscillator block (OSC) is composed of Nosc neural oscillators with frequencies distributed over a range (f1, f2) consistent with neurobiological observations [21,52,79-81].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6942, "input_1": "However, conflicting results from studies in murine models have been published regarding the role of mTOR for the development of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues (Gangloff et al., 2004; Shiota et al., 2006; Wullschleger et al., 2006; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007; Rosner et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6943, "input_1": "et al where follicular fluid from women undergoing IVF was evaluated for OS biomarkers including LPO and TAC (127, 131).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6944, "input_1": "The gels were then transferred to membranes and incubated overnight with the prospective mAbs as described previously (Fujishima et al., 1990; Iwatani et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6945, "input_1": "Another therapeutic option to create a fibrin clot is to make microfractures or drill the subchondral bone at the site of the defect [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6946, "input_1": "were extracted and sequenced on a Roche GS Junior instrument, as previously described [25, 31, 32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6947, "input_1": "Indeed, although the reversal potential of GABAergic responses in mature animals varies across different neuron types (24–26) and locations (27, 28), it is generally close to the resting membrane potential, thereby having a shunting effect at rest.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6948, "input_1": "These observations have relevance to a recent finding where a significant correlation was demonstrated between the expression of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 mRNA in human skeletal muscle and in vivo parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism [49].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6949, "input_1": "This interference model has been studied recently by a number of authors; for example, see Jain et al [11], Hamdaoui and Ramanathan [10], and Gupta, Musacchio and Walrand [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6950, "input_1": "Some strategies have been proposed adjusting the decision tree induction to be more sensitive to imbalanced class distribution (Hulse et al. 2007):\n• For imbalanced class distribution, pruning a decision tree can over generalize and completely ignore the positive class, and so decision trees are…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6951, "input_1": "Cells stably expressing AURKA-Flag were cultured in SILAC labelling medium containing 107 mg l 1 D3-leucine (heavy).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6952, "input_1": "The exon/intron structures of the grape AP genes were determined from alignments of their coding sequences with corresponding genomic sequences using the est2genome program [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6953, "input_1": "Interestingly, MHC I and ERAP1 were coordinately expressed in normal and, to a lesser extent, neoplastic cells and tumor lesions (13, 14).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6954, "input_1": "L I S S , I N C .\nchains united by disulfide bonds (Jones and Jomary, 2002; Leskov et al., 2003), which represents the mature, secreted form (sCLU, 75 kDa) of the protein.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6955, "input_1": "The glucagon (1–29) concentration was measured by RIA using two types of kit: EURIA-Glucagon (R-E; EuroDiagnostica, Malm€o, Sweden) and Glucagon RIA Kit (R-M; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6956, "input_1": "This result is not consistent with other reports, which indicated that increased intracellular H2O2 played an important role in arsenic trioxide-induced cell death in cervical cancer cells (20), APL cells (18), hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells (24), and glioblastoma A172 cells (14).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6957, "input_1": "Hemicellulose hydrolysates contain high amounts (up to 20–30%) of xylose and arabinose (Hahn-Hägerdal et al. 2006; Leandro et al. 2008; Hector et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6958, "input_1": "PAN (polyadenylated nuclear RNA), is the most abundant transcript made during the lytic cycle, and is directly induced by RTA [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6959, "input_1": "…the Drosophila wing, for example, the localization of Fz and Dsh becomes restricted to the distal edge of the apical cell membrane, and these PCP complexes are mirrored at the proximal edge by accumulations of Vang and Pk (Axelrod, 2001; Bastock et al., 2003; Strutt, 2001; Strutt and Strutt, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6960, "input_1": "To date, all studies of the circatidal swimming rhythm in ovigerous blue crabs have been conducted in an estuary with strong\nsemi-diurnal tides (Forward et al. 2003, 2005; Forward and Cohen 2004), and the behavior of ovigerous crabs from other tidal regimes, including estuaries with negligible…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6961, "input_1": "Indeed, recordings from awake behaving animals routinely demonstrate populations of Purkinje cells with reciprocal simple spike firing rates, each of which encodes movementrelated variables (Frysinger et al. 1984; Lisberger and Fuchs 1978; Mano and Yamamoto 1980; Medina and Lisberger 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6962, "input_1": "Glomus group A, the largest fungal group within Glomeromycota, has been found as both pteridophyte sporophytes and gametophytes, including underground mycoheterotrophic gametophytes (Kovács et al. 2007; Winther and Friedman 2007, 2008, 2009; West et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6963, "input_1": "2002), may be more commonly observed in the environment (Arbeli and Fuentes 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6964, "input_1": "We also found that individual mitochondrial particles of similar size may contain different amounts of mtDNA, as we reported previously for individual maize plastids (Zheng et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6965, "input_1": "In this experiment the proposed method based on regional moments is compared to Wang et al [6] method.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6966, "input_1": "…other straining characteristics of the disease, such as self-harming behavior, affective dysregulation, and impaired social functioning in the longterm course (BPD; Stiglmayr et al., 2005; Gunderson, 2007; Zanarini et al., 2007; Skodol, 2008; Gunderson, 2011; Livesley, 2012; Dammann et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6967, "input_1": "Recently, the importance of the IPSS has become well recognized and some authors have published data that constitute different IPSS ratios (10,11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6968, "input_1": "A fraction of the splenocytes was cultivated in order to test the supernatants for antibody response in ELISA.(29) Only the culture supernatant from C3H/J splenocytes indicated the presence of TFbinding antibodies (data not shown).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6969, "input_1": "The flip is usually referred to as a video clip (Gannod et al., 2008; Mason et al., 2013; Tucker, 2012), but other interactive technologies or materials such as textbooks and handouts are also mentioned (McLaughlin et al., 2014; Prober & Khan, 2013; Strayer, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6970, "input_1": "Roshan et al. (2003) found that SICI at 1 ms was more prominent for larger amplitudes of test shock.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6971, "input_1": "This mode of translocation, known as ‘molecular ratchet’, can be imagined as ‘directed diffusion’ and is utilised by many other unrelated molecular machines of the modern cell, such as, for example, multi-subunit RNA polymerase (Abbondanzieri et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6972, "input_1": "Strains lacking Trf4 are reported to show defects in chromosome arm cohesion (Wang et al, 2000; Edwards et al, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6973, "input_1": "…studies have shown that consumers are able to discern different applications of a category of emerging technologies (namely various products of nanotechnology) and have different attitudes about risks, benefits, and labeling for those applications (e.g., Brown and Kuzma 2013; Siegrist et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6974, "input_1": "However, the noise model, which can change several bits of a solution simultaneously, may bemore realistic and needs to be studied, asmentioned in the first noisy theoretical work [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6975, "input_1": "Previous studies showed comparability of the HIV-1 sequences originated from cell-associated proviral DNA and viral RNA from plasma [1,38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6976, "input_1": "This finding is in keeping with the previous observations that acute hepatitis A is extremely rare in adults in Taiwan (2), as more than 95% of the adults in the general population have ever been infected with HAV (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6977, "input_1": "The search proceeds along these lines until subinterval [11, 11] is selected.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6978, "input_1": "This well-established rhythm of swimming on ebb tides is the basis for the spawning migration (Forward et al. 2003, 2005), in which ovigerous female blue crabs migrate seaward from estuaries to coastal areas where larvae are released.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6979, "input_1": "This beneficial outcome of Nigella Sativa came in accordance with the results of Hildrum et al. ( 2007); Najmi et al. (2008) and Parhizkar et al. (2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6980, "input_1": "In Wales (15) there were nonsignificantly higher levels of plasma androstenedione in cases than in controls; in South African blacks (18) cases had significantly lower levels than controls and in Finland ( 17) cases and controls had similar levels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6981, "input_1": "(1) have shown that catecholamine levels decline exponentially after pharmacological blockade of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NE synthesis pathway.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6982, "input_1": "Some STEC strains are regarded as emerging food-borne pathogens of significant clinical and public health concern (Kawano et al., 2012), which are the leading cause of several human illnesses ranging from symptom-free carriage to hemorrhagic colitis and even life-threatening sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (Bandyopadhyay et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6983, "input_1": "The radial spatial dependence of the heating was calculated using a radially symmetric Gaussian profile (Bortfeld and Schlegel 1996) with FWHM of σ:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6984, "input_1": "However, there are examples of metabolic enzymes, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (Zheng et al., 2003; Kozhevnikova et al., 2012), that perform double duty as transcriptional regulators.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6985, "input_1": "a CP height measured according to Keros [14], showed type 1 configuration, denoted by the blue and yellow arrows on both side relatively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6986, "input_1": "…allowed to walk freely for 1 h as a group inside a Petri dish (100 x 15 mm) lined with filter paper (Whatman Qualitative no. 5, particle retention > 2.5 μm) moistened with 1.0 ml of a suspension containing 2 x 10 8 conidia/ml (high dose) or 6 x 10 6 conidia/ml (low dose) (Rosengaus et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6987, "input_1": "Measurements of APP have been used extensively for monitoring health status and disease progression, and in the evaluation of treatment efficacy (Carroll et al., 2004; Sorensen et al., 2006; Pomorska-Mól et al., 2011a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6988, "input_1": ":P) ratios, and progressive P limitation over time in forested systems (Wardle et al. 2004) and observed across nine chronosequences spanning 6–4100 ky in length in boreal, temperate, and subtropical zones (Peltzer et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6989, "input_1": "Survival and proliferation of adult ICC is dependent on several factors including Kit, 5HT (serotonin) signaling through the 5HT2B receptor, Ano1, heme oxygenase 1 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase [101].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6990, "input_1": "By default, iMetAMOS uses the k-mer based Kraken [51] tool, but the alternative methods of FCP [52], PhyloSift [53], PHMMER [54], and PhymmBL [55] are also supported.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 6991, "input_1": "…has been suggested that cognitive deterioration appears mainly at higher levels of depression and that inclusion of MS patients with mild depression leads to failure in detecting a relationship with cognitive impairment (Demaree, Gaudino, & DeLuca, 2003; Feinstein, 2006; Siegert & Abernethy, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6992, "input_1": "In this section, we first present experimental results on CIFAR-10 [20] and ImageNet dataset [5] to justify that pattern binarization could reduce the effective number of parameters dramatically and fine-tuning other parameters of the binarized network with fixed binarized pattern could achieve comparable performance to that of the original neural network models.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6993, "input_1": "Changes in the level of gene expression in cancer (4, 8, 12, 13) and aberrant expression of tissue-restricted gene products in cancer (14, 15) are factors in the development of a humoral immune response in cancer patients.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6994, "input_1": "Previous studies revealed that acylcarnitines were elevated early after APAP treatment and that their elevation was indicative of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction.(15,19) In the present study these observations were confirmed, as palmitoylcarnitine was elevated by toxic doses of APAP and maintained at normal levels (compared with untreated controls) by Wy-14,643 pretreatment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6995, "input_1": "This pressure could originate either from forces exerted by actin polymerization against the mitochondrial outer membrane (Korobova et al., 2013), or by myosin-II dimer mediated contraction of actin filaments lying between the ER and mitochondrial membranes (Hatch et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6996, "input_1": "As shown by previous studies, miR-503 can function as a tumor suppressor, which is well reflected in the present study that showed lower expression of miR-503 was strongly correlated with higher tumor burden of GC.(8,9) Moreover, our results showed negative correlations between miR-503 expression and serum CEA level, which may be to some extent a good explanation for the potential mechanism of miR-503 in GC.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6997, "input_1": "Previous publications from this laboratory have shown that when a brief DC electric field is applied during a trough in the NAD(P)H oscillation, the NAD(P)H oscillations, as well as Ca2+ oscillations and other parameters, grow in amplitude (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000; Petty 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 6998, "input_1": "As indicated by our results and those of others (Rogers et al., 2010; Thill et al., 2006; Zeyons et al., 2009), the direct contact of the ceria nanoparticles with the cell wall/membranes is essential for cytotoxicity to occur.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 6999, "input_1": "Following Oksanen (2001), we have treated each floodplain channel and floodplain floodout habitat as independent, as the hypotheses being tested relate to indicators that are responsive within small-scale (hydro-geomorphic unit) environmental gradients (see also O’Neill et al., 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7000, "input_1": "Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates oligomeric Abeta(1-42)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7001, "input_1": "2A), we constructed a chimera consisting of the first 113 amino acids of PR NS1 fused to the C terminus of Tx NS1 [PR(1-113)Tx(114230)].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7002, "input_1": "These results support the view that octyl gallate increases anti- amyloidogenic APP α-secretase processing through the activation of ERα/PtdIns 3 K/Akt signaling and ADAM10 (Fernandez et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7003, "input_1": "The phosphorylated C and D motifs have been shown to interact with SHP-2 phosphatase, leading to cellular rearrangements and the formation of long cellular protrusions in AGS gastric epithelial cells (Higashi et al., 2002b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7004, "input_1": "The current results, along with several other studies (e.g., Kelly et al., 2007; Pascalis et al., 2002; Pascalis et al., 2005; Werker & Tees, 1984; Werker et al., 1981), demonstrate that human infants’ perceptual systems do become attuned to their environment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7005, "input_1": "With respect to phosphorous removal, Huett et al. (2005) stated that phosphorous removal varied from 78.4 to 99.5% (mostly[90", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7006, "input_1": "These results corroborate the hypothesis that there is a possible link between HHC and schizophrenia (Regland et al., 1995; Regland, 2005; Susser et al., 1998; Levine et al., 2002; Applebaum et al., 2004; Brown and Susser, 2005; Muntjewerff et al., 2005, 2006; Neeman et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2006; Adler Nevo et al., 2006; Haidemenos et al., 2007; Akanji et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7007, "input_1": "[57] conceived layered modular architectures (or digital platforms) as hybrids that blend both modular and layered architectures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7008, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with previous findings of higher leptin levels in pubertal obese girls than in prepubertal obese girls[35] and decrease in leptin levels after the onset of puberty in boys, but an increase in girls[35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7009, "input_1": "Substantial experimental evidence supports the proconvulsant role of IL-1β (for review see [1,57,61]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7010, "input_1": "Eight empirically derived syndrome scales (syndrome scales) were built by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7011, "input_1": "researchers have proposed using optical interconnections to connect processors in a parallel computer system [1, 2, 6, 11, 18, 23, 26, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7012, "input_1": "The difference in results in comparison with those of Becker and Chaushu (2000) may be due to the limitation of including only patients with unerupted canines and omitting those with ectopic eruption of these teeth in the present study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7013, "input_1": "The first type includes blind source separation algorithms like independent component analysis and principal component analysis (PCA)[26, 40, 27, 32, 12, 52], spatiotemporal QRST cancellation [49, 30, 6], and adaptive filtering with its variations [50, 9, 37, 51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7014, "input_1": "However, when Hahb-4 was expressed from its own drought-inducible promoter, transgenic Arabidopsis plants did not show developmental effects but still were drought-resistant (Manavella et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7015, "input_1": "How are Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 levels regulated in a dynamic fashion? Antigen receptor signaling during clonal expansion likely drives down Bcl-2 levels and hyper-induce Mcl-1 in responding CD8 T cells (Dunkle et al., 2011; Opferman et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7016, "input_1": "In situ electron transport chain activity was examined in EWAT minces by measuring the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC; Sigma), as described previously (31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7017, "input_1": "In this section, we perform an empirical evaluation of the proposed approach considering two real datasets: (i) OUTDOOR dataset created by Oliva and Torralba [12], and (ii) SUN09 dataset created by Choi [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7018, "input_1": "Five ISSR primers were used (Table 3), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and visualisation followed the protocols described in Spagnuolo et al. (2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7019, "input_1": "For example, isolates CID63 and CID64 were both assigned to one OTU, ‘cla063’, as they shared the same ITS sequence and morphology typical of the asexual form genus Cladosporium (Shipunov et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7020, "input_1": "The ray tracer uses a hierarchical grid acceleration structure and three level bricking (three-dimensional tiling) for volumes, as discussed in further detail in [Parker et al. 1999b] and [Parker et al. 1998].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7021, "input_1": "For the purposes of this article, we use ROC analysis as a method of examining the performance of a classifier at distinguishing between two discrete states of the world (Fawcett, 2006; Macmillan & Creelman, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7022, "input_1": "DNA was extracted from 0.25 g of each pool using the repeated bead beating plus column method of Yu and Morrison [24] and then used for estimation of numbers of target bacteria using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7023, "input_1": "Pancreatic cancer is recognized as a heterogeneous cancer with genotypic and phenotypic diversity observed not only between patients but also within a tumor.(7,11) In this study, we employed the bioprinting technique using n3D technology and grew spheroids in flat-bottom, cell-repellent plates in the absence of exogenous ECM components.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7024, "input_1": "Gillick et al. (2016) write: “It is worth noting that noise is often added . . . to images . . . and speech where the added noise does not fundamentally alter the input, but rather blurs it.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7025, "input_1": "MacArthur et al. (1993) found that 24 weeks of moderate- (50 60% VO2 max) and highintensity (75 85% VO2 max) training improved FAC of HIV-positive persons in each group (n 3) by 5.8 ml/kg/min and 10.1 ml/kg/min respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7026, "input_1": "Intensive efforts to reduce tobacco use have also been conducted by the government and public health professionals, leading to the implementation of strong and effective tobacco control policies and measures, such as tobacco tax increases, media campaigns, and ratification of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7027, "input_1": "In different studies, CRPS patients perceive their affected limb to be larger than it really is [30,38] and have difficulties in deciding on the exact position and orientation of their limb, or on the laterality of pictured hands in limb laterality recognition tests [29,42,48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7028, "input_1": "Sequence Frames Initial position Challenges Biker [10, 35] 1-180 250 110 45 75 Abrupt motion Bird [9] 1-408 443 94 37 27 Abrupt motion, disappear, and reappear Bolt [9, 10, 35] 1-350 336 165 25 60 Fast movement Cartoon 1-200 83 134 56 56 Significant pose variation Coke [8] 1-292 148 82 20 35 Drastic illumination variation and occlusion Dragon baby [35] 1-112 167 74 40 70 Abrupt motion, pose variation Girl move [5, 9] 1-1500 303 161 28 113 Significant occlusion Indian dancer 1-150 157 61 20 23 Pose variation and abrupt motion Lemming [9] 1-681 40 200 54 92 Abrupt motion and significant occlusion Liquor [9] 1-1553 257 226 67 125 Occlusion and fast movement Panda [10, 37] 1-241 257 171 45 55 Fast movement, occlusion, and pose variation Stennis [5] 1-55 133 39 23 23 Abrupt motion and fast movement Surfer [35] 1-400 282 165 35 45 Significant and long duration occlusion Sylvester [2, 10] 1-1344 125 56 43 50 Drastic illumination and pose variations Woman [38, 41] 1-553 208 125 27 75 Occlusion and significant appearance changes", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7029, "input_1": "We compare the above formulation with the standard multiple kernel learning method (GMKL) presented in [33] where we consider the regression problem under l1 regularization.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7030, "input_1": "Mcl-1 deletion invariably results in apoptosis of naïve T cells (Opferman et al., 2003), which precludes experiments to assess the cell survival-independent roles of Mcl-1 in T cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7031, "input_1": "During compression, the AmB molecules change their orientation to vertical at a surface pressure of approximately 15 mN/m (Arczewska and Gagoś 2011; Gagoś and Arczewska 2010; Gruszecki et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7032, "input_1": "…environment, and is largely dependent upon which aspect of the neighborhood is observed (i.e. perceived safety, neighborhood-level SES, social cohesion, etc.) (Burdette and Whitaker, 2005; Carver et al., 2008; Ding et al., 2011; Gomez et al., 2004; Molnar et al., 2004; Mota et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7033, "input_1": "It is common for individual Streptomyces strains to have the capacity to both produce and resist inhibition by many antibiotic compounds (Challis and Hopwood, 2003; Davelos et al., 2004a; D’Costa et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7034, "input_1": "Many of these inflammatory mediators are produced by infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes that have encountered immune complexes (19, 23, 44).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7035, "input_1": "The results of Experiment 1 are consistent with those of previous studies of handedness discriminations over rotations in depth (Parsons, 1987c; R. N. Shepard & Cooper, 1982).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7036, "input_1": "Animal work shows that the BLA is required for food-predictive external cues to promote eating in the absence of homeostatic need because crossed unilateral lesions of the BLA and lateral hypothalamus disrupt cue-potentiated feeding (Petrovich et al., 2002, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7037, "input_1": "Their performance is presented in comparison to state-of-the-art methods such as original GNNS [4], EFANNA [6], which is the most effective method in recent studies, FLANN [17], E2LSH [3] and ANN [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7038, "input_1": "In recombinant systems, many studies attest to a lack of pharmacological differences\nbetween the GABAB(1a,2) and GABAB(1b,2) isoforms (Kaupmann et al., 1998a; Malitschek et al., 1998; Brauner-Osborne and Krogsgaard-Larsen, 1999; Green et al., 2000), although there\nare also a few findings to the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7039, "input_1": "To improve the accuracy of object matching, a maximum posterior probability measure was proposed [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7040, "input_1": "DNA methylation level analysis was performed with Pyro Q-CpG system (PyroMark ID, Biotage, Sweden) as previously described [10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7041, "input_1": "Hari and Kiesilä (1996) found that in controls, the illusion disappeared at intervals exceeding 90 ms, while in dyslexics, it persisted up to 500 ms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7042, "input_1": "A linear relationship between erythrocyte GSH-Px and whole blood Se concentration was already described in camel [3, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7043, "input_1": "Other statistical analysis carried out were proportional hazard [16], survival analysis [17], case-control [13], regression tree [18], or combination of statistical hypothesis tests.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7044, "input_1": "The associations of rs2305480 with asthma-like symptoms in children at the age of 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the overall effects at all ages were analyzed using multiple imputation-based generalized estimating equation (MI-GEE) models (18, 19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7045, "input_1": "Serial imaging and necropsies revealed cavities within the necrotic center of organized caseous lesions situated within larger zones of caseous pneumonia, findings described in other models of cavitary TB (Kübler et al., 2015; Via et al., 2013), and in affected humans (Canetti, 1955).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7046, "input_1": "The results showed large degree of variation in the specificity of the PCR primers and that not all primers were suitable for accurate detection and identification of Cronobacter (Cawthorn et al. 2008). Liu et al. (2006) developed a Real-time PCR assay using TaqMan and SYBR Green for detection and enumeration of this pathogen after selective enrichment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7047, "input_1": "Several fusions have been tested clinically to show that antigenicity has not been a major problem, such as anti-TNFR fusions (42), DAB389IL-2 (43), and VEGFR fusion (VEGF-Trap in patients with solid tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; ref.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7048, "input_1": "The Wakayama Spine Study is a population-based study of degenerative spinal disease [13–17] conducted with a sub-cohort of the large-scale, population-based cohort study Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability (ROAD) [18,19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7049, "input_1": "Results are expressed as percentage of control (OD at 405 nm measured by cell ELISA of unstimulated cells), arbitrarily set at 100%.\ncell line (Wuthrich and Sekar, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7050, "input_1": "However, parasites transfected with GFP::TcRpL7a showed a nucleolar localization of the fusion protein, a result that is consistent with the localization of the human homologue L7a protein in transfected HeLa cells [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7051, "input_1": "…however, nothing is known about the manufacture of E-CSF, although it has been demonstrated that this fluid plays a crucial role in early brain development, through the set of specific proteins and morphogens it contains (Gato et al., 2005; Parada et al., 2005a,\n2008a,b; Martin et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7052, "input_1": "…of the receptors, fatty acid endogenous ligands, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and a degradation system including a re-uptake mechanism and hydrolytic enzymes have been identi®ed (Devane et al., 1992; Deutsch and Chin, 1993; Mechoulam et al., 1995; Dinh et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7053, "input_1": "Counselling and risk assessment were performed in the emergency room and PEP was recommended according to Spanish Guidelines [12,13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7054, "input_1": "In another example, it was used to assess coordination effectiveness, finding that the level was highest for service delivery and lowest for planning, with administration falling in between (Bolland & Wilson, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7055, "input_1": "Our starting point is the work proposed in [3] and illustrated in Figure 1, because of the following two reasons.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7056, "input_1": "Introduction\nMeasuring the perception of surface orientation often depends on overt verbal or\nnonverbal judgments (e.g. Li & Durgin, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7057, "input_1": "The isolated hearts were subjected to hemodynamic evaluation using the isovolumic buffer-perfused rat heart preparation as described in detail from our laboratory (8,10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7058, "input_1": "[61] and Tomassini and Pestelacci [62] in cooperation dilemmas, and similar phenomena also described by Castelló et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7059, "input_1": "Survivors indicated that cognitive impairment affected their confidence in returning to work because returning to work would highlight their problems further and be too challenging [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7060, "input_1": "McCartney and Lessios (2004) have suggested that E. lucunter, because it is found in high point population densities almost exclusively in a high energy narrow intertidal zone, is likely to spawn under conditions of high density of mixed sperm.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7061, "input_1": "Next, we applied a method based on previously published literature by Aloy and Russell [38], in which they derived Su et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7062, "input_1": "Optimal CPP [15] for autoregulation was calculated following PRx based on a 4 h window time.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7063, "input_1": "Further, our study is coherent with the long-standing epidemiological evidence of a link between excess body weight and CRC [1] and the accumulating evidence regarding other forms of early neoplasia [1, 40].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7064, "input_1": "Traumatic injury causes intestinal barrier dysfunction Functionality of intestinal barrier can be ascertained in flies using a dye permeability assay in which flies are fed a nonabsorbable blue dye (Rera et al., 2011, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7065, "input_1": "Hennessy and Milner showed in (Hennessy and Milner, 1985) that, over imagefinite labelled transition systems, strong bisimilarity also coincides with the relation\n'ω= ∩i≥0 'i .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7066, "input_1": "Since Akt2 is known to be required for M1 polarization [51], it is possible that miR-155-mediated suppression of Inpp5d/S and Ptprj in M1(LPS + IFN-γ) macrophages promotes Akt2 signaling.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7067, "input_1": ", 2016), as demonstrated in machine comprehension (Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017b; Yuan et al., 2017) and question answering (Tang et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7068, "input_1": "Dye-labelled binding assay was performed with purified AF-594-labelled viruses as described previously (Kim et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7069, "input_1": "recall of prices of everyday items in healthy adults when price information was consistent with prior knowledge than when it was inconsistent (Castel, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7070, "input_1": "In normal cells, the principal role of Ku proteins is to mediate DNA repair, but they are also implicated in many other cellular processes, including telomere maintenance, anti-apoptosis, tumor suppression, and regulation of specific gene transcription [10-13], cell cycle control and DNA replication [14-19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7071, "input_1": "Reconstruction of nucleotide changes Considering E. coli genomes in a phylogenetic context, we reconstructed the history of nucleotide changes using the baseml\nalgorithm in PAML [54].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7072, "input_1": "Color M-mode recordings were guided by the two-dimensional jet appearance in order to orient the interrogation plane through the zenith of the proximal convergence isovelocity area; this minimizes effects of errors due to the angle between the interrogation axis and the main axis of the jet (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7073, "input_1": "…on the FCSRT has also shown a high correlation with atrophy in the medial temporal lobe (Habert et al., 2011; Sánchez-Benavides et al., 2010; Sarazin et al., 2010), and was significantly associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD, thereby supporting the accuracy potential of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7074, "input_1": "However, rat stem cells have been successfully derived only recently [5,6,19], and insufficient knowledge of their properties considerably interferes with their application in this area.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7075, "input_1": "The southern Andes have been eroded by the Patagonian ice sheet and are much lower and narrower (Garzione et al. 2008; Hoorn et al. 2010; Lavina & Fauth 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7076, "input_1": "They play an important\nrole in stabilizing coordination geometries, adjusting ligand donor strengths, and mediating proton transfer reactions (Span et al. 2017; Holm et al. 1996; Makris et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7077, "input_1": ", land use/cover change, agricultural expansion, bamboo harvesting) disturbances (Liu et al., 2001; Mackinnon and De Wulf, 1994; Viña et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7078, "input_1": "…and conservatism, previously shown to be associated with dehumanization (e.g., Costello & Hodson, 2010, 2014; Hodson & Costello, 2007; Kteily et al., 2015) and aggressive intergroup attitudes (e.g., Hetherington & Suhay, 2011; Kteily, Ho, & Sidanius, 2012; Kteily, Cotterill,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7079, "input_1": "Specifically, we use the renderings from [6] since it contains a large number of images from various viewpoints and the camera model has more degree of freedom.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7080, "input_1": "Lu [11] proposed a method of human detection approach based on depth map by using a two-stage model containing a 2-D head contour model and a 3-D head surface mode.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7081, "input_1": "All experiments were performed using a 3T scanner (Tim-Trio System, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) using a four-channel head coil with a spinecho spiral developed using the algorithm presented in (13) (maximum gradient: 22.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7082, "input_1": "Formalin-fixed samples were routinely processed for histology and relative levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by counting the number of mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies among 2000 to 10,000 tumor cells in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections using established morphological features, as previously described.(33,34) Apoptotic cells in xenograft tumors stained for cleaved caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry but this technique did not improve sensitivity or specificity (not shown).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7083, "input_1": "SA1 (blue squares, this study), SA2 (light blue diamonds, this study), SiO2 glass (red circles, Murakami and Bass 2010), and MgSiO3 glass (green triangles, Murakami and Bass 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7084, "input_1": "As stated by Bennett and Miller (2010) in a recent review on the reliability of fMRI results, “if results do not\nPlease cite this article in press as: Wende, K. C., et al., Mechanisms http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.013\ngeneralize from one set of subjects to another (…), then the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7085, "input_1": "Taking into account the soft-gluon corrections to all orders in the strong coupling can be achieved by means of threshold resummation techniques in Mellin space [34–39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7086, "input_1": "Our previous study has shown that, in the presence of contextual interference, V4 neurons can discriminate contours of different lengths from their response onset, 40 ms earlier than V1 neurons (Chen et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7087, "input_1": "Likewise, extract prepared with 70% aqueous acetone from 500 mg ground lyophilized rose hip and seed (the supernatants were dried and the solid residue dissolved in methanol) containing 13 mg of gallic acid equivalents inhibited the oxidation of methyl linoleate in vitro (Kähkönen et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7088, "input_1": "tabacum BY2 cells and their labeling and analysis by epifluorescence and confocal immunofluorescence have been described previously (Jiang and Rogers, 1998; Jiang et al., 2000; Li et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7089, "input_1": "Several tyrosine kinase receptors transactivate CXCR4 in order to mediate signal transduction in various cell types.(16-19) Here, we asked whether ligation of TCR induces an association between TCR and CXCR4 and/or transactivation of CXCR4 in order to mediate cytokine production.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7090, "input_1": "Genotyping of the SNPs was performed as described previously (Gutknecht et al. 2007; Mössner et al. 2006a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7091, "input_1": "On the other hand, energy crops like RCG grown on rewetted peatlands may facilitate both CH4 and N2O emissions, as aerenchyma tissue present in RCG can mediate the transport of CH4 and N2O from soil to the atmosphere (Askaer et al. 2011; Jørgensen et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7092, "input_1": "Finally, the third group (C-type neurons) has the longest duration action potentials, and their voltage-gated Na currents are poorly blocked by TTX (Stansfeld and Wallis 1985; Bossu and Feltz 1984; Schild and Kunze 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7093, "input_1": "They have been using various techniques such as Neural Network [1-3], Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) [3] and the Evolution Strategies [4-5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7094, "input_1": "Its role is largely mediated by cAMP/PKA signaling and therefore controlled by PDE4 activity (Nishi et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7095, "input_1": "While there have been extensive studies on how to efficiently relocate mobile sensors to improve the area coverage of a wireless sensor network [13–17], the impact of sensor mobility on barrier coverage is yet to be explored.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7096, "input_1": "For dyslexic observers, the most prominent effects were a decrease in the 4th–5th difference at the long ISI compared with the control observers which replicates the findings of Hari and Kiesilä (1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7097, "input_1": "…2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 The Royal Entomological Society 257\nattempt to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the S. damnosum complex using sequences of the nuclear ITS2 rDNA and the mitochondrial 16S gene resulted in inconsistent phylogenies (Krueger & Hennings, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7098, "input_1": "Exercise subjects performed flywheel resistance exercise in the 6 head down position (Alkner et al 2007; Trappe et al. 2007) every third day, plus 40-min supine treadmill exercise within LBNP (Macias et al. 2007) 3–4 days per week with interspersed rest days.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7099, "input_1": "Similar to the results obtained with ECM-susceptible C57BL/6 mice, ECMresistant BALB/c mice demonstrated marked and significant\n(P 0.05) increases in vascular P-selectin levels in brain and lung (5.5- and 7.0-fold with P 0.003 and 0.004, respectively) as well as in gastrointestinal tract, heart, muscle, thymus, and pancreas (Table 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7100, "input_1": "8 Example of cell segmentation using level set method (source: [30]) Segmented image (1) Segmented image (2)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7101, "input_1": "Related methodologies have been widely applied to MR analysis of other tissues such as breast and brain [23,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7102, "input_1": "The shape and size of ribosomal peaks 18S and 28S were also used for visual evaluation of RNA integrity as described in the “manual method” by Strand et al. (2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7103, "input_1": "The original cut-off of 0.50, as well the alternative cut-off of 0.6245, which was reported to be associated with a specificity of 90% (Wolfe et al., 2010), was used.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7104, "input_1": "There are also some studies on applying differential privacy to non-interactive frequent sequence mining [8, 9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7105, "input_1": "…2653\nChanges in an animal’s behavior measured in relearning sessions some time after initial learning may reflect effects on many processes, including performance as well as acquisition, consolidation, retention, and retrieval of memory (Abel and Lattal 2001; Cahill et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2006b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7106, "input_1": "nidulans with a bacterial species in combination with expression and histone profiling showed that expression of the orsellinic acid pathway is triggered by co-cultivation most likely through histone modifications [23, 122, 152].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7107, "input_1": "Endorsement rate interpretation bias was significantly but moderately correlated with reaction time interpretation bias, suggesting that the two measures assess separate but related processes (Amir et al. 2012; Beard and Amir 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7108, "input_1": "Homeostatic Model Assessment–Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as follows: HOMA-IR = fasting glucose value (mg/dl) × fasting insulin value (μU/ml)/405 (Matthews et al. 1985).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7109, "input_1": "It is noteworthy that the association of some top-ranked genes to syndromic deafness forms does not exclude them from being good NSHL candidates, as clearly demonstrated by USH1C involved both in Usher syndrome type 1C [36], and NSHL [37,38], depending on which mutations it undergoes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7110, "input_1": "Although it is difficult to compare the findings of studies because differences in the definitions of success or cure, our results are similar to those reported previously [9, 13–16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7111, "input_1": "Strikingly, a multiple sequence alignment revealed that 15 of 50 SspA orthologs contain either Asp or Glu at position 92 instead of Tyr [42], which further emphasizes the", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7112, "input_1": "In terms of Parkinson disease surgery, the results are variable but there is likely a significant placebo effect in this case as well (Freed et al., 2001; McRae et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7113, "input_1": "Abeler et al. (2010) enlarge the scope of this\n10\ncritical view on wage equality: interestingly, in their setup it is precisely the presence of fair-minded agents and not their absence that calls for the use of individual rewards.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7114, "input_1": "…results at best with some studies showing a relationship between obesity levels and distance to food outlets (Frank et al., 2004; Lopez-Zetina et al., 2006) while others have shown no relationship (Liu et al., 2002; Kelly-Schwartz et al., 2004; Burdette and Whitaker, 2004; Ewing et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7115, "input_1": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were derived from a structured interview, the SCID [26, 27], a systematic review of the medical record and clinician information.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7116, "input_1": "RNA-seq reads were analyzed with JAGuaR (Junction Alignments to Genome for RNA-Seq Reads; Butterfield et al. 2014) to include alignments to a database of exon junction sequences and subsequent repositioning onto the genomic reference.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7117, "input_1": "To measure funding costs, we use the implicit interest rate on a bank’s interest-bearing liabilities, i.e., total interest expenses divided by interest-bearing liabilities (Demirgüç-Kunt and Huizinga, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7118, "input_1": "Embryogenic callus has been obtained in different Citrus species and explants such as nucellus (Kayim and Koc 2006); ovule (Froelicher et al. 2007); style and stigma (Carimi et al. 1999); anther (Germanà and Chiancone 2003); leaf, cotyledon and root segments (Gill et al. 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7119, "input_1": "[6] and Albal et al. [9, lo] found no influence of the pressure on the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient and on the interfacial area, while Sridhar and Potter [ 11, 121 report an increase in the interfacial area of as much as 75% for a pressure increase from 0.1 to 1.1 MPa. The contradictory results of the above-mentioned authors can lead to considerable miscalculations, whatever correlation is taken. In this paper all major studies on the influence of pressure on mass transfer phenomena in gas-liquid systems and reactors are reviewed critically. Points of agreement and conflict are indicated and discussed in order to improve understanding of the mass transfer 0255-2701/89/%3.50 Chem. Eng. Process., 25 (1989) M-98 0 Elsevier Sequoia/Printed in The Netherlands", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7120, "input_1": "In\naccordance with previous studies, p16 positivity by IHC was defined as strong and diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in ≥70% of the tumor cells [16, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7121, "input_1": "Pesticide residues in food have historically lagged far behind many comparable hazards as a cause for public health concern and action (Correia et al., 2000; Eskenazi et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7122, "input_1": "In contrast to these invertebrate chordates, primitive jawless vertebrates (lamprey and hagfish) possess three to seven Hox clusters, most probably through independent cluster duplications in the agnathan lineage [5-7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7123, "input_1": "Numerous approaches have been tried, including perceptually motivated methods [1,2, 3,4], parametric signal model-based methods [5,6], classification-based methods [7] and parametric spectrum model-based methods [8,9,10,11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7124, "input_1": "Assessing Risk of Bias\nCritical appraisal of the studies, based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (Higgins and Green 2009), involved assessing whether there was an adequate method of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of assessors, satisfactory treatment of attrition, including…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7125, "input_1": "For the present study, the estimated 227,000 PLHCV were distributed across Australia according to the above-described model [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7126, "input_1": "…in contrast, is roughly in line with values from MG and MW and lends support to the suggestion that this species is better able to cope with disturbance to its habitat, as it is more generalist in terms of ecological requirements than colobines (Cowlishaw and Dunbar 2000; Rovero et al. 2006, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7127, "input_1": "In light of these qualities, we used Bayesian regression to determine the parameters of all the candidate models based on (normalized) WMFT and MAL AOU data in the immediate group following therapy for each individual participant (N = 48).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7128, "input_1": "We use AdaDelta (Zeiler, 2012) to train the MLP with a dropout rate (Srivastava et al., 2014) 0.01.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7129, "input_1": "Frataxin has been proposed to be either the iron donor for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis or a regulatory protein that inhibits Fe-S cluster formation [11,22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7130, "input_1": "…complexity, distractor number, speed, and interobject distance have been shown to affect capacity (Alvarez & Franconeri, 2007; Bettencourt & Somers, 2009; Franconeri, Alvarez, & Enns, 2007; Horowitz et al., 2007; Tombu & Seiffert, 2011; Vogel et al., 2005; Xu & Chun, 2006; Zanto & Gazzaley, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7131, "input_1": "Importantly, nosocomial candidemia is associated with an unacceptably high mortality ranging between 30% and 50% (Gudlaugsson et al., 2003; Wisplinghoff et al., 2004; Zaoutis et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7132, "input_1": "In order to compare our system with the state of the art, we implement the methods of [3] and [21] which report their accuracy rate as 98.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7133, "input_1": "Low anterior resection for rectal cancer is associated with a high risk of clinical anastomotic leakage [1–7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7134, "input_1": "Recurrence-free survival (RFS), OS and gene set expression comparison analyses (GSA) were done using the National Cancer Institute Biometric Research Branch ArrayTools software [28,29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7135, "input_1": "Furthermore, at many places the compact lamination of the\ngranule cells is lost resulting in granule cell dispersion (GCD; Houser, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7136, "input_1": "Piperlongumine (PL) obtained from the fruits and roots of the long pepper plant is a pyridine alkaloid that has been reported to selectively exert cytotoxicity in a wide variety of tumor cell types both in vitro and in vivo, while sparing non-cancerous normal cell types (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7137, "input_1": ") In their classic paper (Hennessy and Milner, 1985), Hennessy and Milner defined an alternative non-increasing (with respect to set inclusion) sequence 'i, i ≥ 0, of approximants to bisimilarity as follows:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7138, "input_1": "[6] use a 3D-Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network to directly reconstruct a voxelized shape from multiple images of the object.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7139, "input_1": "The stimulation of chondrocyte and/or osteoblast cell proliferation induced by PEMFs has been shown to have a positive effect in the treatment of fracture healing [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7140, "input_1": "Maximum metal levels chosen for the pilot experiment were based on published experiments in which mice or rats had been fed with Cu or Zn salts (Cunnane et al. 1986; Massie and Aiello 1979; Olafson 1983; Pocino et al. 1991, 1990; Sato et al. 1997; Zhang et al. 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7141, "input_1": "Only a small proportion of relevant trials are incorporated into systematic reviews [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7142, "input_1": "To study connections spanning the cortex, we defined 90 anatomical ROIs based on Brodmann Areas spanning both the right and left cortical hemispheres using the WFU_PickAtlas toolbox [44].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7143, "input_1": "Hence, given the way it was defined, the Maintain-2 position proposed by Hendriks et al. (2014) could correspond more closely to what we defined as our first shift in focus toward the second character in our stories.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7144, "input_1": "…and overexpressors of circadian clock– related factors, including PRR5 and ZTL, are also affected in hypocotyl elongation during deetiolation (Sato et al., 2002;\n(A) Five-day-old etiolated wild-type (Columbia [Col.]), ztl-3, and fkf1 seedlings were exposed to white light for 9 h and then…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7145, "input_1": "…the same dose range, produces significant anti-epileptic (Moldrich et al., 2001; Bond et al., 1999), anti-nociceptic (Simmons et al., 2002), and anti-addictive effects (Adewale et al., 2006; Baptista et al., 2004; Bossert et al., 2006b; Peters and Kalivas, 2006; Pfaus, 2009; Shimura et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7146, "input_1": "When the ROS content is excessively high in plant cells, NO by itself can interact with O2 - to become peroxynitrite (ONOO-) (Lipton et al. 1993; Yamasaki et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7147, "input_1": "Previous studies have revealed that the 3MT had a moderate to high test–retest reliability (Burnley et al. 2006; Johnson et al. 2011; Cheng et al. 2012) and that the end-test power (EP) derived using the 3MT can appropriately determine the CP value estimated using the traditional work − time and power − 1/ time CP models (Vanhatalo et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7148, "input_1": "In contrast, Go stimuli elicit the parietally distributed P300 (Falkenstein et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7149, "input_1": "We implement our method using the Caffe [10] framework and the source code is available at https://github.com/SSAW14/LearnableDilationNetwork.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7150, "input_1": "Furthermore, to confirm that decreases in Fos expression were not simply caused by decreases in the total number of neurons within connected nuclei, we also quantified the number of neurons (labeled by the neuron-specific nuclear protein NeuN; Mullen et al., 1992) within each nucleus analyzed for Fos (Experiment 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7151, "input_1": "Computational problems that are susceptible of being solved by sensor fields can be stated in the following way [2]: Sensing Problem Π: Given an n-tuple of data streams u = (uk)1≤k≤n for some n ≥ 1, compute an m-tuple of data streams v = (vk)1≤k≤m for some m ≤ n such that RΠ(u[1, t],v[1, t]) is satisfied for every t ≥ 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7152, "input_1": "For t = 2 this definition reduces to that of the Stern polynomials defined in [6], and polynomials closely related to a1(n; z) were studied in [1] and [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7153, "input_1": "The insulin dose employed in this study was based on previous work in which the amount of insulin required to achieve a significant signal was determined [23, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7154, "input_1": "Seed longevity is associated with testa color in Arabidopsis (Debeaujon et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7155, "input_1": "East Asian H. pylori strains possess a D motif within CagA in place of the western C motif and this has been shown to be a potent inducer of SHP-2 phosphatase (Higashi et al., 2002a; Azuma et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7156, "input_1": "Principal component analysis (PCA) [33] was performed to assess the possible components of proteins measured and whether they differed between KOA patients and controls.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7157, "input_1": "Moreover, some comprehensive databases, such as Phytozome, GreenPhylDB, and PLAZA supply bioinformatic utilities for TF investigation (Rouard et al. 2011; Goodstein et al. 2012; Proost et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7158, "input_1": "The HA Stretch Determines 5-HT3 Receptor Rectification— The of homomeric 5-HT3A receptors is 1 pS, and 5-HTevoked currents exhibit an inwardly rectifying I-V relationship (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7159, "input_1": "The soft radiation is coherently sensitive to the colour structure of the hard process from which it is emitted [36–39, 63, 64].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7160, "input_1": "However, we did not observe any association of maternal free thyroxine with child neurodevelopmental outcomes, agreeing with the Project Viva results (11) but not with those of other studies (8–10, 43).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7161, "input_1": "Poon and Maloney [10] discussed circuit improvements to counter the effect of gate leakage in MOSFET capacitors", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7162, "input_1": "First, we consider the dataset of Conneau et al. [2018], which consists of word embeddings trained with fastText on Wikipedia and parallel dictionaries for 110 language pairs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7163, "input_1": "For instance, some models posit that control is eventually allocated to whichever system yields greater accuracy (Daw et al., 2005) or reward (Rieskamp & Otto, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7164, "input_1": "To evaluate whether there may be a different discriminatory one that applies to bedside ultrasonography, we set up an nalysis similar to the one originally described by Kadar et al.(9) rom our total 256 patients, 161 (63%) were ultimately lassified after follow-up as having an intrauterine pregnancy hat was visualizable.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7165, "input_1": "where G and A [18] measure the relative strength of cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion and apoptosis, respectively: G = (λM/λR) * (1 − B) (14) A = (λA/λM – B)/(1 – B) (15) Boundary equations for and p can be obtained: ( ) = 1 (16) (p) = κ − AG(x 2 )/2d (17) in a d-dimensional tumor (d = 2, 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7166, "input_1": "Pricing via a coherent risk measure was first introduced by Artzner et al. (1999) and it reduces to a search for the infimum of all risk measures over an acceptance set.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7167, "input_1": "…(2008), 135, 795–806. f 2008 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0031182008000292 Printed in the United Kingdom\nDownloaded: 30 Jun 2008journals.cambridge.org\nvariability in parasites (Pieniazek et al. 1999; Chicharro, Jimenez and Alvar, 2003; Pratlong et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7168, "input_1": "heavy exercise intensities (Krustrup et al. 2009; Ozyener et al. 2001; rossiter et al. 2002) whereas studies that measured EPOc magnitude and duration to the point at which resting metabolism was restored found that both EPOc magnitude and duration showed significant differences with changes in exercise intensity (Short and Sedlock 1997; Smith and Mc naughton 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7169, "input_1": "…farm (MSHR0169) was\n performed using MGAP (https://github.com/dsarov/MGAP— Microbial-Genome-Assembler-Pipeline), a tool that incorporates Velvet (Zerbino & Birney, 2008), VelvetOptimiser (https://github.com/tseemann/VelvetOptimiser), GapFiller (Boetzer & Pirovano, 2012), ABACAS (Assefa et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7170, "input_1": "Several fundamental properties are notable in cellular expression and subcellular localization of PLCb1 in the rodent brain (Watanabe et al., 1998a; Nakamura et al.,\nd.\n2004; Nomura et al., 2007; Fukaya et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7171, "input_1": "The second group (Ah-type neurons) displays broader action potentials than Atype neurons, exhibits a small hump on the falling phase of the action potential, and have axons that conduct in the slow myelinated fiber range (Stansfeld and Wallis 1985, Li and Schild 2007b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7172, "input_1": "…assets (Markusen, 1984; 2002), the advantages of horizontal (Horstmann and Markusen, 1992; Markusen and Venables, 2000) and vertical integration (Aghion and Tirole, 1997; Grossman and Hart, 1986), and the advantages of subcontracting and licensing versus FDI (Ethier and Markusen, 1996; Helpman…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7173, "input_1": "However, unlike Cochrane and Saa-Requejo (2000), the authors do not use a Sharpe ratio criterion to restrict the price interval for assets in incomplete markets, but a generalized version of the coherent risk measure first introduced by Artzner et al. (1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7174, "input_1": "It is worth noting that, when 1 = 0, our method will reduce to the multi-level task grouping method (MLMT-T) [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7175, "input_1": "In vivo investigation of NF-κB inhibition in acidic bile-treated hypopharyngeal mucosa, supported by future global molecular sequencing analysis, may provide insights into the effective prevention of the induced premalignant phenotype and deregulated oncogenic signaling pathways, previously linked to HNSCC [36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7176, "input_1": "During this session, hypnosis was induced for the third time using an Italian translation of the original American protocol of the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale (SHCS) [66].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7177, "input_1": "1kb /3-actin cDNA (11) was released by BamHl digestion; the 662-base pair full length IGF-1 cDNA was obtained from plasmid phIGF-1 (12) by Pstl digestion; the Xbal-BamH\\ fragment of the human IGF1-R cDNA was released from plasmid pCVN-IGF-lR", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7178, "input_1": "They introduce the concept of Relaxed Tightest Fragment (RTF) as the basic result type and propose a new filtering mechanism to overcome the false positive problem and redundancy problem in Max-Match [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7179, "input_1": "Drug specific parameters and parameter estimation\n Tissue/plasma concentration ratios (Kp) were predicted for each tissue using the equations proposed by Poulin and Theil [24], Kp for the rest of body was optimised so that the predicted volume of distribution at steady state (VSS) is the same as the observed in vivo value using the following equation [25]\n Kp;REST ¼ VSS;Obs VP\n P Kp;T VT\n 70 P VT ð2Þ\n The same Kp was assumed for adults and children and values for different tissues are presented in Table 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7180, "input_1": "They typically appear in a CT scan as a low-density area similar to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7181, "input_1": "Evidence has been presented for the importance of salt marsh plants in determining distribution patterns of the diazotrophic bacteria Bagwell et al. 1998; 2001; Lovell et al. 2000; Piceno and Lovell 2000a; b; Piceno et al. 1999 .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7182, "input_1": "In agreement with previous reports that support DNA molecules as both spacer donors and interference targets (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Lillestøl et al., 2006; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008; Mojica et al., 2009; Semenova et al., 2009; Vestergaard et al., 2008), given a common point of reference for orientation of spacers, proto-spacers match both strands of the carrier DNA molecule and any direction of transcription, and are found even in non-coding regions (see Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7183, "input_1": "Unlike other phenomena showing longer-term memory effects on attentional search (e.g., contextual cuing; Chun & Jiang, 1998, 2003), PoP appears to be a short-term effect that lasts approximately 15–30 sec (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7184, "input_1": "COBRA toolbox (Becker et al. 2007) implemented in MATLAB version R2007a was used for all the FBA calculations (Mathworks http://www.mathworks. com/).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7185, "input_1": "…wastewater treatments (Patrolecco et al., 2015; Santos et al., 2009; Salgado et al., 2010) leading to contamination of surface waters, seawaters, groundwater and in some cases also drinking waters (Salgado et al., 2012; Pereira et al., 2015; de Jesus Gaffney et al., 2015; Lolić et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7186, "input_1": "Plasmids encoding for hemagglutinin-tagged JNK1 (HA-JNK1) and c-Jun (amino acids 5–89) fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST-c-Jun) were described previously (15).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7187, "input_1": "The minimization of Kullback divergence does implement the above first point well, and thus this is why it has been used in the early stage of the BYY system (Xu, 1996, 1997, 1998b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7188, "input_1": "Our experimental design is inspired by two classical task switching experimental paradigms: predictable task switching, where switches happen in a predictable way after a constant number of tasks in a sequence, and task cuing, where an explicit cue is presented before each task to specify the type of the current task (Kiesel et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7189, "input_1": "RDo, where RD, RF and RDo represent relative density, relative frequency and relative dominance, respectively (see Hamann et al. 1999 for details).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7190, "input_1": "These findings are\nsimilar to the reports of Horswell (1991), and Ugar and Semb (2001), while they differ from the reports of Sandham (1986), Hoening and Schoener (1992), Giannakari (2004), Rajion et al. (2006), and Lima et al. (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7191, "input_1": "We compared our results with those of Marini et al.[26] and the North Dublin Population Stroke Study [27] on prevalence analysis by age group and gender: our results showed a higher prevalence than\n Marini et al. in men for all age groups and for women < 60 years and women > 80 years.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7192, "input_1": "Rabbit polyclonal anti-P450 1A5 (Yip and Coulombe, 2006) and 3A37 (Rawal et al., 2010b) sera were raised against the peptide sequences “FLDFNKRFMKLLKTAVEE (amino acids 260–277)” and “SQKSDSDGKNSHKA (amino acids 278–291),” respectively by Genemed Synthesis (San Antonio, TX).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7193, "input_1": "elegans, ebf mutant mice, chicks, Xenopus, and in cell lines, have revealed a number of neuronal genes that are regulated by EBF transcriptional activity [2,7,8,15-17,19,53-56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7194, "input_1": "At the beginning CHARNLEY assumed that it was a condition caused by infection [7], [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7195, "input_1": "Similar observations were reported recently for toluene removal (Arcangeli & Arvin 1992; Pedersen et al. 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7196, "input_1": "Interestingly, mice supplemented with a cis-9,trans-11-CLA diet show a reduction in macrophage infiltration and a marked downregulation of several inflammatory markers in adipose tissue [44].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7197, "input_1": "A previously developed Markov model [19] was updated to estimate the downstream burden of disease among subjects with AF and at risk of stroke, but who were unsuitable for, or intolerant of, VKA (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7198, "input_1": "Adding resistance exercise, however, appears more useful than moderate aerobic exercise alone in protecting diet-induced losses in LBM [14,16,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7199, "input_1": "chotic symptoms are associated with dopaminergic hyperactivity (Abi-Dargham et al. 2000; Breier et al. 1997b; Laruelle et al. 1996, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7200, "input_1": "The few available studies of longitudinal changes in BMD in patients with HIV infection have shown conflicting results [13, 14, 18–23], which may relate to the heterogeneous use of antiretrovirals or, more importantly, to the timing of the first DXA measurements in relation to initiation of treatment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7201, "input_1": "Our results are better than those in many European countries, for example 29 % in Germany (Roggendorf et al. 2011), 26 % in France (Guthmann et al. 2012), 20 % in Italy (Esposito et al. 2008), 16 % in Greece (Maltezou et al. 2007), 24 % in Turkey (Torun and Torun 2010), 22 % in Australia (Seale et al. 2010a), and 18 % in China (Seale et al. 2010b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7202, "input_1": "This difference reflects the frequent independent evolution of female flightlessness in Geometridae, usually in this family correlated with a specific set of ecological traits, the “winter moth syndrome” (Wahlberg et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7203, "input_1": "region on cellularizing furrows, which is the region of the furrow to which membrane addition is known to occur (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000; Sisson et al., 2000; Pelissier et al., 2003), and furrow formation fails when Rab8 function is disrupted.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7204, "input_1": "The radar observations serve as input for the MTT under evaluation, which is based on [11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7205, "input_1": "Multi-tasking in particular seemed to cause concern and often resulted in feelings of anxiety and frustration [32,35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7206, "input_1": "Imagebased models yielded joint kinematics, net joint moments, hip joint forces, muscle activation patterns and bone strains in the proximal-lateral femoral shaft in agreement with earlier studies (Aamodt et al., 1997; Bergmann et al., 2001; Inman et al., 1989; Kadaba et al., 1989; Stacoff et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7207, "input_1": "Journal compilation © 2008 British Ecological Society, Journal of Animal Ecology\n(Borgatti & Everett 1997; Strogatz 2001; Barabasi et al .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7208, "input_1": "Extension of protein annotation We used BacProt (publication in progress, see [33] for details) to complement the present annotation of protein-coding genes for each Aquificales genome.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7209, "input_1": "The Sano protein is a member of the uncharacterized Themis protein family (Chung et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7210, "input_1": "…and Medical Services, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 67346-67149, Kermanshah, Iran\nweight loss, amyloidosis, and osteopenia, all of which are a result of systemic inflammation (Hendrickson et al. 2002; Levine and Burakoff 2011; Schmidt et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7211, "input_1": "This is consistent with previous reports that LY379268, at the same doses, failed to alter sweetened milk or sucrose intake (Baptista et al., 2004; Bossert et al., 2006b), suggesting that mGluR2/3s are not involved in natural (food, sex) reward.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7212, "input_1": "As previously reported [12], adrenal vein cannulation was considered successful if each adrenal vein/inferior vena cava cortisol gradient was ≥1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7213, "input_1": "(2002) determined that 3–4 days monitoring were required to accurately measure MVPA [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7214, "input_1": "Moreover, the redistribution of FABP2 from the apical region to the entire cytoplasm after fat feeding pointed to the involvement of FABP2 in the intracellular binding, transport, and metabolism of FFA (3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7215, "input_1": "There have been a number of in vivo mode ls with anesthetized animals that have examine d pyloric motor activity in response to intraarte rial and intrave nous stimuli, as well as stimulation of extrinsic and intrinsic nerves (4, 17, 28, 29) .", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7216, "input_1": "Smith et al. (1985) describe a sudden widening in the apical 15% of the owl basilar membrane.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7217, "input_1": "Previous work suggested that once Lprod, the length of the strand exchange product, exceeds ∼20 bp, bacteria are committed to strand exchange (19); however, studies of 21 bp sequences in different strains of Escherichia coli reveal that particular strains have from ∼10 000 to 175 000 unique sequences repeated at least once (20,21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7218, "input_1": "As pathogens, members of this complex are responsible for causing disease on around 100 genera of plants (Farr et al. 1989), and they represent one of the most important group of pathogens associated with opportunistic fungal infections and keratitis in humans (Zhang et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7219, "input_1": "Indeed, we quantified transcripts of CD3 and CD64, specific marker for T lymphocytes and macrophages, respectively, which are described as SLAMF3 expressing cells [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7220, "input_1": "…force for molecular ratchet motion does not seem to have been under strong evolutionary pressure, given that the replicase already possessed the molecular ratchet mechanism of movement which was driven by RNA synthesis itself (as in modern multi-subunit RNA polymerases (Abbondanzieri et al.\n2005)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7221, "input_1": "Previously published results have also suggested interdependence between PI3 K/Akt/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ ERK signaling [41], and another study showed that inhibition of PI3 K or mTOR reduces the level of ERK Tyrphosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle under hyperglycemic conditions [42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7222, "input_1": "With IRT models, a sufficient number of responses in every response category are essential for precise estimates of item parameters [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7223, "input_1": "242), and overall, optimising classroom time is often specifically emphasised (Gannod et al., 2008; Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2014; Tucker, 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7224, "input_1": "Single-category classification: We learned four types of interpretable CNNs based on the AlexNet, VGG-M, VGGS, and VGG-16 structures to classify each category in the ILSVRC 2013 DET Animal-Part dataset [36], the CUB2002011 dataset [30], and the Pascal VOC Part dataset [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7225, "input_1": "…it has been demonstrated that the activation of mTOR via the overexpression of Rheb, a direct activator of mTOR, is sufficient to induce an increase in p70S6k phosphorylation, cap-dependent translation and protein synthesis in skeletal muscles with normal activity (Goodman et al., 2011b, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7226, "input_1": "However, camphor is not suited for use as an analgesic compound because it causes a warm and hot sensation [39], probably through TRPV1 activation [31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7227, "input_1": "First, there is no further increase in the percentage of time the membrane potential spends close to threshold, as the average membrane potential 〈V〉 becomes almost independent of 〈I 〉 (see Figure 3B; see also Holt & Koch, 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7228, "input_1": "For example, in the face study, some studies have conducted on the differences between brain signals when watching face-object images and familiar-unfamiliar face images [7-11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7229, "input_1": "Six papers seemed to specify a rate assuming equality of the experimental and control groups [12,15, 18-21]; seven seemed to specify the control group response rate, πC , assuming inequality [14,15,17,21-25]; and ten did not cite a design rate – in these cases we used the empirical estimate of πC from the paper’s Results section to classify extremity of the rate.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7230, "input_1": "Studies find that women who continue to breastfeed are more likely to report having peers to share breastfeeding experiences with (Hegney et al, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7231, "input_1": "Increased survival rates resulting from advances in the treatment of cancer have led to an increased interest in patients’ emotional reactions a d adaptations to the illness (Massie and Holland, 1984).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7232, "input_1": "The present results identified a network similar to that of previous studies involved in the retrieval of autobiographical memories (Svoboda et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7233, "input_1": "For example, the bigram probability of the test set should be representative of that of the target dataset [31], and its memorability should also be maximized [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7234, "input_1": "Loss of\nsuch autoreceptor function has been shown to increase cholinergic\ntone, and to impair striatal LTD (Wess et al., 2007; Bonsi et al.,\n2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7235, "input_1": "PDPN is primarily expressed in the mesenchymal type of GBM, which presents the worst prognosis among GBM subtypes (28,29).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7236, "input_1": "control for any nonspecific effects of these antisera on SP1 activation (10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7237, "input_1": "[17] presented a number of reasons that might account for the disparities between these two studies.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7238, "input_1": "Interestingly, recent reports have shown that DSBs are transiently induced during transcriptional initiation by nuclear hormone receptors and other transcription factors through a mechanism that involves topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) (4-7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7239, "input_1": "The role of carbon substrates lead to different biomass/ substrate yields and also affect the formation of the targeted product through flux distribution is well investigated (Fan et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7240, "input_1": "Detailed information on soil collection, processing, and isolation is published elsewhere (Davelos et al., 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7241, "input_1": "We focused our analysis on the relationships between the age-upregulated miRNAs and the expression of genes in the Eph/ephrin pathway as Eph signaling regulates synaptic plasticity and loss of EphB2 has been linked to age-related cognitive dysfunction (Klein, 2008; Ciss e et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7242, "input_1": "IS also induces oxidative stress in tubular and endothelial cells and stimulates aortic calcification in hypertensive rats [13–16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7243, "input_1": "We can distinguish two main models [6]: instance selection as a method for prototype selection for algorithms based on prototypes (such as knearest neighbors) and instance selection to obtain the training set, for a learning algorithm that uses a training set (such as classification trees or neural networks).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7244, "input_1": "Determination of MAP\nDuring a preliminary experiment, MAP was determined using the same procedure as has been previously described (Gamet et al. 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7245, "input_1": "Our results contrast with those of Drago et al. (1991), who reported that IGF-I acted as a survival factor for an FGF-2-responsive progenitor cell that gave rise to neurons and glia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7246, "input_1": "Bond et al. reported similar results from a study using the RT3 triaxial accelerometer, which detects accelerations for each of the three planes across 1-min intervals and converts these data to activity counts per minute, which are used to estimate minutes of MVPA (defined as Q984 activity countsIminj1 in this study).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7247, "input_1": "Isolated rat hearts were perfused at a constant aortic pressure of either 60 or 110 mmHg using the Langendorff procedure as described elsewhere (35).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7248, "input_1": "In order to improve ABM interventions and optimize symptom change, there has been a recent push to better understand the active ingredients and mechanisms that underlie post-ABM changes in symptoms (Beard 2011; Enock et al. 2014; Mogoaşe et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7249, "input_1": "The network model is similar to the model used in Fierst (2011a, b) and variants of this framework have been developed in a range of evolutionary studies (i.e.,Wagner 1996; Siegal and Bergman 2002; Bergman and Siegal 2003; Masel 2004; Azevedo et al. 2006; MacCarthy and Bergman 2007; Ciliberti et al. 2007a, b; Siegal et al. 2007; Palmer and Feldman 2009; Draghi and Wagner 2009; Espinosa-Soto and Wagner 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7250, "input_1": "…screening of chemical libraries was performed to identify correctors (pharmacological chaperones) that could promote folding of Phe508 CFTR (Pedemonte et al., 2005; Van Goor et al., This work was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and a grant from the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7251, "input_1": "…automatically generates layout information encoding node and reaction centroid coordinates using the FruchtermanReingold (FR) algorithm, which has been shown to be robust in the face of variegated graph topologies and faithfully reproduces the underlying symmetry [Fruchterman and Reingold, 1991].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7252, "input_1": "Stimuli were generated using the Psychophysics Toolbox Version 2.44 (Brainard, 1997; Pelli, 1997) for MATLAB (Version 5.2.1, Mathworks, MA).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7253, "input_1": "approach used in several instances of previous work, such as [2, 8, 35], by hiding unchanged nodes to reduce clutter and drawing connectors to the reference to enhance juxtaposition; b) side-byside views [14, 26, 27] by going beyond pair-wise comparisons; c) existing work on subjunctive interfaces [30], TreeVersity [15– 17, 19] and TreeVersity2 [18, 19] to show a larger variety of difference visualizations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7254, "input_1": "The MW cutoff would be lower for bases (28) and higher for acids (29) depending on the ionization of the compounds.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7255, "input_1": "…grasslands suggests that ‘‘pyric herbivory’’ (grazing in conjunction with fire) and the interaction of natural fires and free-roaming herbivores creates a natural and dynamic grassland mosaic which is beneficial to biodiversity (Engle et al. 2008; Fuhlendorf et al. 2008; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7256, "input_1": "We use the Bunge–Wand–Weber (BWW) ontological model, which has already been employed in various settings [3,15,16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7257, "input_1": "In support of this assumption, in ARDS patients, TRAIL levels in the BAL fluid were correlated with clinical severity and the presence of neutrophils, which are also the major infiltrating cells in reovirus 1/L-induced ARDS (20, 84).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7258, "input_1": "The oligo(dT)-precipitation was performed essentially as described in Baltz et al. (2012) with the following modifications: The number of washing steps was increased (4× with lysis/ binding buffer and 6× with NP40 washing buffer [50 mM Tris\n HCl, pH 7.5, 140 mM LiCl, 2 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, 0.5% NP40,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7259, "input_1": "One of the reasons is that the target model contains some background pixels [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7260, "input_1": "…has already been described in the reactive astroglia of other brain areas (sahin Kaya et al. 1999; clarke et al. 1994; Krum and Rosenstein 1999; Eliasson et al. 1999; Frisen et al.1995; Kalman and ajtai 2001), although the articles are not concordant with how long it lasts after traumatic insults.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7261, "input_1": "Regarding the percentage of minor children of cancer patients, estimations with differing reliability vary between 5-15% [4], 24% (see [5]), and 30% [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7262, "input_1": "A design science approach was deemed the appropriate method as it represents a valuable means for generating theoretical insights and emergent solutions to the real-world problem of SCSR identification (Denyer et al., 2008; Holmström et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7263, "input_1": "The accuracy of these predictions, in turn, can function as a measure of the accuracy with which a KC model characterizes the knowledge students acquire through particular educational activities [1,18-20], an approach we follow in the current work.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7264, "input_1": "In a study that determined the response of the spine to sudden loads causing sagittal flexion, it was found that abdominal muscles rapidly responded to the sudden load with a large increase in muscle activation (Krajcarski et al., 1999). Also, Krajcarski et al. concluded that increases in EMG amplitudes of abdominal and trunk extensor muscles were determined predominantly by the added load magnitude and not the pre-loads. Chiang (in press) conducted a similar study with the difference being the trunk motion investigated was lateral bend instead of trunk flexion. Similar to Krajcarski et al. (1999), Chiang (in press) concluded that increased muscular activity due to pre-loads leads to increases in trunk muscle stiffness and spine stability. Krajcarski et al (1999) and Chiang (in press) have provided a greater understanding of the active muscular response that is responsible for maintaining stability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7265, "input_1": "habitats for which predation risk is high (Waser 1981; Rood 1986; Clutton-Brock et al. 1999a; Schneider and Kappeler 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7266, "input_1": "For instance, after only 1 week of storage the a-mannosidase activity showed a large decrease (,20% at 280uC and ,60% at 220uC), which confirmed the findings of a previous study (23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7267, "input_1": "In the pancreas, this regulatory element expresses sparsely, and it is completely inactive before acinar formation (Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7268, "input_1": "Since in the worst case a k-safe hypercube network Hn can tolerate no more than 2 (n−k)−1 faulty nodes [17, 35], this line of research still assumes a bound O(n) on the number of faulty nodes in Hn.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7269, "input_1": "Forty of the protocols were for depression, with two studies (George et al., 2000; Su et al., 2005) directly comparing two protocols, and 19 were for the treatment of pain as summarized in Lefaucheur et al. (2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7270, "input_1": "Vitamin A supplementation in malnourished children reduces the severity of diarrheal disease (4), malarial morbidity (5), measles (6, 7), and mother-to-child transmission of HIV (8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7271, "input_1": "Our findings indicate that a BNP level of 24.4 to 31.6 pg/ml is useful as an indication for surgery in ASD, VSD, and PDA patients; these results, in line with previous studies, make BNP a strong candidate as a predictive tool for early intervention.16,17 It is worth noting that a very recent study revealed that plasma BNP levels are elevated in children with heart disease before surgical treatment.32\n BNP concentration has been shown to be associated with the presence of a haemodynamically significant PDA in premature infants and to decrease to normal levels with ductal closure.33-36 In our study, which included older children with PDA, we found that patients with PDA and either a significant or a non-significant shunt always had significantly higher plasma BNP levels than all other groups (not only controls, but also patients with ASD and VSD).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7272, "input_1": "…protein S6 by phosphorylation at S240/244. mTORC2 contains rictor and phosphorylates Akt at S473, which, in conjunction with the PDK1-mediated phosphorylation at T308, drives full activation of Akt (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Dann et al., 2007; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7273, "input_1": "Personality ratings Chimpanzees were scored by raters using a Japanese translation of the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire [36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7274, "input_1": "Moreover, cognitive abilities are usually positively related to gains from mnemonic training (Kliegl et al., 1990; Lindenberger et al., 1992; Verhaeghen and Marcoen, 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7275, "input_1": "To date, all characterized GBP genes are induced by IFNs and some of them also induced by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1b (IL-1b), or tumor-necrosis factor-a (Nguyen et al. 2002; Degrandi et al. 2007; Tripal et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7276, "input_1": "A previous report demonstrated that MCE could increase the level of GSH [61] and GPx [65] in diabetic rats, which coincides with our results.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7277, "input_1": "Because TKA is a high-volume, high-cost medical intervention, it is not surprising health-related quality-of-life outcomes have been developed to allow investigators to quantify preoperative to postoperative improvements in TKA patient health status [7, 8, 11, 14, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7278, "input_1": "cells in the lungs and slow the production of cytokines, which promote the inflammatory cascade.(17) Ery-", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7279, "input_1": "latter phenotypes are called competitive adaptations and include (i) strategies to take away resources from competitors (exploitative competition), for example by fast-butwasteful-growth [26], production of nutrient-scavenging molecules [27], or superior positioning within the niche [28], and (ii) strategies to directly fight with competing species (interference competition), for example by production of antimicrobials [29] or contact dependent inhibition [30, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7280, "input_1": "While we cannot exclude alternative models, our findings are consistent with models in which TRIM5α engages lentiviral CA through two sets of contacts, one in the structurally conserved β-hairpin and the second at the junction between binding sites of at least four cellular cofactors [25, 78, 79].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7281, "input_1": "Generation of macrophages from patient-derived iPSCs is of particular interest (Lachmann et al., 2014;Mucci et al., 2016), as these cells play an important role in tissue homeostasis and innate immunity (Ginhoux et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7282, "input_1": "The same threshold pH has been measured for SFV-induced cell fusion (White et al., 1981) and for the bypass of chloroquine, methylamine and NH4C1 inhibition of infection (White et al., 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7283, "input_1": "Similar results were found in study done by Wild et al.[25] They found that women with PCOS showed lower HDL-C levels, higher LDL/HDL ratios, and higher TG levels than regularly menstruating women.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7284, "input_1": "Its deletion in mouse embryonic fibroblasts prompted catastrophic and stochastic telomere loss, followed by rapid entry into cellular senescence after two population doublings (Gu et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7285, "input_1": "This putative association of Rho with RNA polymerase (RNAP) in vivo was first inferred from a ChIP-chip experiment (Mooney et al., 2009) and later from in vitro measurements (Epshtein\net al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7286, "input_1": "All p-values reported were corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini & Hochberg correction method (Benjamini and Hochberg, 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7287, "input_1": "In this study, error-correcting output coding (ECOC) has been adopted from digital communication theory to be fused with SVM to produce a decision [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7288, "input_1": "However, in the later work of J. Hoyt et al. (2010) it was shown that patients with TTC did not have a higher frequency of ‗wraparound‘ left anterior descending artery [233].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7289, "input_1": "TfMA had lower sequence identity of 33~27% with α-amylase II from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (Tonozuka et al. 1993), maltogenic amylase from Thermus sp.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7290, "input_1": "…between cognitive function (especially executive function) and certain aspects of gait (O’Shea et al. 2002; Woollacott and Shumway-Cook 2002; Yogev et al. 2005; Springer et al. 2006; Hausdorff et al. 2005; Bloem et al. 2001; Morris et al. 1996; Auriel et al. 2006; Van Wegen et al. 2006;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7291, "input_1": "There was also no significant difference in another low-quality study comparing continuous traction to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7292, "input_1": "We have also observed this phenomenon of non-regeneration of plants from some transgenic lines in previous studies (Walter et al. 1998; Bishop-Hurley et al. 2001; Charity et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7293, "input_1": "Integrating family planning and HIV programmes and strengthening referrals from HIV clinics to Family planning clinics results in increased attendance on the part of both men and women to family planning clinics; in particular when both are administered in one location ((35)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7294, "input_1": "Separable series can often be analysed using Mellin transforms; this method was used to confirm some of Ramanujan’s results [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7295, "input_1": "On the other hand, TIMP-1 may also exert continuous damaging stimulus on the vascular wall, inducing stimulating smooth muscle cell proliferation [19] and promoting inflammation [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7296, "input_1": "Continued\nerrors of all expressed transcripts in the diploid C57Bl/6J, Cast/EiJ transcriptome were estimated using MMSEQ (Turro et al., 2011) for each mapped RNA-seq sample.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7297, "input_1": "Determination of MAP\n During a preliminary experiment, MAP was determined using the same procedure as has been previously described (Gamet et al. 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7298, "input_1": "Enterococcus faecium also maintains copper homeostasis through membrane transporter proteins of the P-type ATPase family, which are encoded by the chromosomal operon copYZAB which is similar to copYZAB described in Enterococcus hirae (Solioz and Vulpe 1996; Wunderli-Ye and Solioz 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7299, "input_1": "Methods To see how our fully-unsupervised method compares with methods that require (some) cross-lingual supervision, we follow [Conneau et al., 2018] and consider a simple but strong baseline consisting of solving a Procrustes problem directly using the available cross-lingual embedding pairs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7300, "input_1": "More rapid reporting by other technologies, such as detection of bacterial species and resistant markers in positive blood cultures by molecular probe and nucleic acid amplification do result in improved patient care (18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7301, "input_1": "In various studies of patients with recent onset arthritis, 6–55% of the patients who presented with undifferentiated arthritis (UA) progressed into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria or according to the rheumatologist (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7302, "input_1": "Together with our earlier experiments demonstrating that Bdnf promoter IV transcription is induced upon activity-dependent CREB phosphorylation (Tao et al., 1998), these findings strongly suggest that the impairment in neuronal-activity dependent induction of Bdnf expression in CREmKI mice is due…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7303, "input_1": "…performed lip repairs are commonly presented in an attempt to increase objectivity (McComb, 1985; Boo-Chai, 1987; Lohmander-Agerskov et al., 1990; Bertolini et al., 2000; Haramoto et al., 2000;\nBraumann et al., 2001; Al-Qattan, 2002; Braumann et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2004; McComb, 2009;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7304, "input_1": "This is the case of the endangered giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), which is considered a global icon of biodiversity conservation (Liu et al., 2001; Loucks et al., 2001; Mackinnon and De Wulf, 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7305, "input_1": "Similar results have been obtained by a study performed in the North Indian population (31), which found that the genotypes MMP-2 (CT) and TIMP-2 (GC) increased genetic tendency towards prostate cancer by 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7306, "input_1": "A recent study suggested that alteration in the expression level of extracellular matrix proteins may contribute to the development of obesity-associated adipose tissue growth (7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7307, "input_1": "As discussed above, it has often been suggested that members of the HD-Zip I and II families function as developmental regulators, specifically being involved in regulation of developmental adaptation to environmental stress conditions (e.g. Meijer et al. 1997; Lee and Chun 1998; Scarpella et al. 2000, 2002; Manavella et al. 2006; Komatsuda et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7308, "input_1": "(iv) To compare split-read patterns between species, the species specific reference operons where aligned usingclustalw (28) and the mapped read coordinates transferred onto the alignment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7309, "input_1": "…and oxygen isotope ratios of the particles studied by the PE team are very similar to those of the equilibrated LL chondrites (Nakamura et al. 2011; Yurimoto et al. 2011), which match the spectroscopic observations by the Hayabusa spacecraft (e.g., Fujiwara et al. 2006; Abe et al. 2006; Okada et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7310, "input_1": "Neurabins I and II also inhibit the phosphorylase phosphatase activity of PP1c (1, 32, 33).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7311, "input_1": "This is because of the high levels of oxidative stress (OS) in different tissues, and their mechanisms for adapting to sudden microenvironmental changes [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–118].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7312, "input_1": "Since the results were reported in (Kanda et al. 2004 d) in detail, here we only briefly describe the results, with a particular focus on longitudinal interaction.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7313, "input_1": "(IS) innovations.(13) Building on the early research of Bhattacherjee,(11) a number of researchers have recently examined user IS continuance for various systems in different contexts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7314, "input_1": "Neurotrauma is a significant public health problem (Andelic et al., 2009; Selassie et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7315, "input_1": "Room impulse responses from the location of speech source to microphones are modeled by image-source method [13], and a Matlab code implementation [14] is used to generate the microphone array data.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7316, "input_1": "One unavoidable possibility is bias in response to populations from different ethnic backgrounds (Snowden, 2003, Whaley, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7317, "input_1": "9) has been observed to be a site for fatigue crack nucleation at low applied stress level ( max= 13 Y), where the combination of cyclic and residual stress is not enough to cause stress relaxation (Peters et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7318, "input_1": "Four viral proteins are able to bind nonspecifically to RNA (VP2, VP3, NSP2 and NSP5) [3, 24, 33] and three bind specifically to rotavirus mRNA sequences (VP1, NSP1 and NSP3) [4, 15, 23, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7319, "input_1": "Cx43 expression is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation, as shown by in vitro (Azzam et al., 2003) and in vivo studies (Kasper et al., 1996; Liu et al., 1997; Amino et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7320, "input_1": "All the above empirical studies examined innate immunity [‘a set of disease-resistance mechanisms that are not specific to a particular pathogen’ (Goldsby et al., 2000)]: a shared feature of vertebrate and invertebrate immunity (Hultmark, 1993; Vilmos & Kurucz, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7321, "input_1": "The closer a landmark is to a target location, the more precise is the information it provides (Cheng et al. 1987; Cheng 1990; Kamil and Jones 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7322, "input_1": "In a review of 65 studies on children's physical activity (ages 3e12) and the built environment, Ding et al. (2011) find that the most consistent correlates with physical activity include access/ proximity to recreation facilities, traffic speed/volume, mixed land use, residential density and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7323, "input_1": "This induced membrane permeability could be exploited to facilitate the transfer of materials across membranes [10–13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7324, "input_1": "A type definition defines a possibly polymorphic type by giving the set of function symbols to which variables of that type may be bound as well as the type of the arguments of those functors [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7325, "input_1": "wage (IWT) and equal wage treatment (EWT) reported in Abeler et al. (2010). Effort levels in NoCom are substantially higher than in EWT.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7326, "input_1": "The model to be presented below is an extension of Parke’s (1999) Error Duration Model, and the exposition follows that of Parke (1999) for ease of comparison.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7327, "input_1": "Species living solitary or in dispersed groups are assumed to exhibit polygynandrous mating systems (e.g. Kappeler 1997b; Eberle and Kappeler 2002; Radespiel et al. 2002) and were thus lumped in one category with species living in cohesive groups.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7328, "input_1": "There is controversy over whether precut papillotomy increases the risk of perforation as compared to sphincterotomy alone [17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7329, "input_1": "…it is also in the same quantitative range as the induction of BDNF, a neurotrophic mediator of exercise in the brain, as well as cFOS, ARC, and ZIF268, important indicators for the activity state of neurons (Hunt et al., 1987; Lyford et al., 1995; Rusak et al., 1990; Saffen et al., 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7330, "input_1": "Many of the proposed sound-source mechanisms involve vortex sound production, either by radial vibration processes (e.g., Abdullah 1966) or flow instabilities (Georges 1976), and corotating multiple vortices (e.g., Mitchell et al. 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7331, "input_1": "Results of the optimal TLC thresholds and the corresponding combinations of sensitivity and specificity from the outpatient study and the results of the literature review were quite similar, while both were different from those reported among HIV-infected populations in other countries [19–22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7332, "input_1": "Although diversity exists between species and the sexes, EDHF makes a large contribution to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in various vascular beds in men and nonpregnant women (3, 7, 21, 24, 25, 30, 31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7333, "input_1": "…spectral-notch attributable to the pinna and the pinna-dependent ILDs was most prominent for sound frequencies between 12 and 24 kHz in the rat (Koka et al., 2008); hence, tone frequency response sensitivities were probed between 2 and 32 kHz as described in detail previously (Polley et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7334, "input_1": "DNA was prepared from kanS colonies by the methods of Belisle or Santos (Belisle & Sonnenberg, 1998; Santos et al., 1992).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7335, "input_1": "Many important aspects of AF pathophysiology have been described [4, 23], and various studies have demonstrated that the genetic background plays a significant role in its pathogenesis [14, 43, 46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7336, "input_1": "In china, variations in intakes of vitamin A and C were significantly different in different seasons (42).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7337, "input_1": "Both of the studies conducted by Dhandu and Angel (2003) and Yan et al. (2001) also focused on broilers older than those used in this experiment, a developmental stage where broilers are less sensitive to nPP (Nelson et al., 1990), which may explain the difference in results obtained.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7338, "input_1": "Also, we previously found that PFD decreases the content of mouse liver CuZn-SOD, mGSTA3, cytochrome P450 proteins (cyt P450) and CA III [47, 48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7339, "input_1": "Using these adjusted ages, we then used a retrospective technique to estimate the completion of these key fitness traits had these males and females lived to senescence (52).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7340, "input_1": "The type I–selective nature of PPARa activation of transcription in skeletal muscle is particularly interesting given that statin-induced muscle degeneration occurs preferentially in type II skeletal muscle fibers with a reduced effect observed in type I fibers (Reijneveld et al., 1996; Smith et al., 1991; Waclawik et al., 1993; Westwood et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7341, "input_1": "We then employed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves [34] to measure the performance of DGCA and EBcoexpress on detecting the 114 truly differentially correlated gene pairs out of the total 179,700 gene pairs, for six different numbers of simulated samples in each condition, i.e., n = 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7342, "input_1": "6% is comparable to other reported series/platforms [2,11–20], despite the inherent bias toward lower rates based on the real-world referral base and higher percentage of individuals with ASD in this population.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7343, "input_1": "It is particularly used for the treatment of ovarian, testicular, esophageal, head and neck cancers (Liu et al., 1998; Mansour et al., 2002; Zicca et al., 2002; Hanigan and Devarajan, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7344, "input_1": "…(GA; Serifoglu and Ulusoy, 2004; Oguz and Ercan, 2005; Engin et al, 2011), ant colony optimization (ACO; Ying and Lin, 2006), iterated greedy (IG; Ying, 2009), particle swarm optimization (PSO; Tseng and Liao, 2008; Chou, 2013), artificial bee colony (ABC; Lin et al, 2013a), shuffled…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7345, "input_1": "Recent studies have reported that oxidant stress is associated with AF, and EPA has antioxidant effect in various cells (8, 14, 22, 44).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7346, "input_1": "…stimulates spindle pole targeting of p60 Because the con80 domain enhances microtubule binding by p60 and because localization of katanin at mitotic spindle poles requires intact microtubules (McNally and Thomas, 1998), we hypothesized that con80 might influence spindle pole targeting of p60.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7347, "input_1": "unilateral papillitis and a pre-papillary vitreous opacity similar to the patients described in this series [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7348, "input_1": "Standard EMSA studies were performed essentially as described by Rey et al. (2005), with appropriate PCR products and purified His-tagged SugR protein (SugRHis).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7349, "input_1": "Our results corroborate the documented drainage re-organization that occurred on the Indo-Gangetic plains, and the theory that beginning around 5 MY ago and completed by 0.3 MYago the major tributaries of the Ganges in Punjab were gradually re-routed into the Indus (Clift and Blusztajn 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7350, "input_1": "Sampling of field leaves and roots indicated that an individual plant hosts a subset of the 92 seed-infecting fungi (Shipunov et al., 2008; Newcombe et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7351, "input_1": "Next, backward and forward searches were performed for each relevant article, according to the guidelines provided by Levy and Ellis (2006) and Webster and Watson (2002). Backward searches included the sub-steps of backward references search, for example the work of Eng (2006) cited in Tomislav et al. (2014) and Chan and Chong (2013), backward authors search (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7352, "input_1": "This construction, pPUSIG, was mobilized by conjugation from Es. coli S17-1 λpir into Er. carotovora subsp. carotovora SCC3193 as described by de Lorenzo & Timmis (1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7353, "input_1": "This study employed the bootstrapping method and the SPSS macro provided by Preacher and Hayes (2008) to test the model with two mediators.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7354, "input_1": ", qSDND) in the ND24260  Flagship DH population (Hickey et al., 2012), with the allele for both QTL (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7355, "input_1": "In accord with those studies and consistent with the recently published study by Patsch et al, and Cao et al. showing that obesity resulted in significant bone loss, particularly in the trabecular architecture in young C57BL/6J male mice (Cao et al., 2009; Patsch et al., in press).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7356, "input_1": "Care in the succeeding days included analgesia, antibiotics, and high-calorie dietary supplementation as described previously (Chen et al. 1996, 1999, 2014; Chen and Wolpaw 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7357, "input_1": "GHLab is a software that utilizes shifts in acceleration to define time events according to the Dynamic Adaptive Piston Pump (DAPP) principle describing the heart as a mechanical pump controlled by its inflow [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7358, "input_1": "We make use of Naive Bayes [14] and Support Vector Machine classifiers for these experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7359, "input_1": "Basal ATP concentrations in the bulk medium of unstimulated CFs are low, but the concentrations of released nucleotides near the cell surface may be sufficient to activate adjacent P2Y receptors and contribute to basal signaling (48, 49).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7360, "input_1": "In [11], we observed that while the our segment-based speech recognition systems performs well in clean speech, the system has difficulty placing landmarks (representing phonetic transitions) in the presence of noise and often produces poor recognition hypotheses.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7361, "input_1": "[4] reported that, compared with the syndrome scales, the CBCL DOSs evidenced a similar degree of internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and cross-informant agreement.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7362, "input_1": "thaliana from the following sources, GenBank [4], FlyBase [6], ExPASy [2,7], HUGO [5], ENSEMBL [3], UCSC [8], and Gene Ontology [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7363, "input_1": "…studies show that colonies of Aurelia spp. polyps are mainly distributed on artificial constructions off the coasts of Japan, the UK, France and the Mediterranean (Miyake et al., 2002; Ishii & Katsukoshi, 2010; Duarte et al., 2012; Malej et al., 2012; Marques et al., 2015; Vodopivec et al., 2017).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7364, "input_1": "However, the persistence of antibody responses long after malaria transmission has ceased has been reported in a non-endemic region of Brazil and in a low transmission area in Thailand, and long-lived anti-CSP antibody responses have been detected in the absence of a blood-stage infection [25, 26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7365, "input_1": "H-type BSE has been described in cattle from France [11], Germany [1], Japan [12], the Netherlands [13], Poland [14], Switzerland [15], the United Kingdom [16], Canada [17], and the United States [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7366, "input_1": "It is well known that platelet adhesion to pFN, mediated by aIIbb3 with contributions from a5b1 and other integrins, plays a critical role for hemostasis (Wang et al., 2014; Ni et al., 2003b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7367, "input_1": "In compiling this list we gave consideration to gaining as wide a range of opinion as possible so as to ensure a fair representation of how the implementation of iCCM was experienced in Ghana [36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7368, "input_1": "Assuming the well-known Kronecker correlation structure [10–13] we can decompose H as H = R 1 2HwS 1 2 (2) where R and S are the receive and transmit correlation matrices respectively, satisfying tr (R) = Nr and tr (S) = Nt, and the elements of Hw are i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7369, "input_1": "Moreover, considering the fact that observers have previously rated the images with higher colorfulness values as being of higher quality [3] we can state that memory color reproduction influences the preferred color reproduction of the objects [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7370, "input_1": "Yet similar to [21], their estimator depends on the approximation of a general graph to tree and also requires the maximum number of sources.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7371, "input_1": "When growing in a cobalt-deficient medium, degradation rate and growth rate were significantly reduced [35].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7372, "input_1": "Furthermore, those bands are commonly used in vegetation studies [16–18] and the segmented area consists mainly of different forms of vegetation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7373, "input_1": "Such relationships between tissue [N] and two morphological parameters, SRL and tissue density, were also found in some studies with multiple species; for example, the variability of root tissue [N] in herbs and woody plants was strongly associated with tissue density and weakly with SRL (Roumet et al. 2006; Comas and Eissenstat 2009; Kong et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7374, "input_1": "The speech recognizer that we used for the evaluation was based on a multi-condition convolutional neural network (CNN) acoustic model and a recurrent neural network (RNN) language model [29] in addition to a trigram language model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7375, "input_1": "(MEA) reported over-regularization rates for each of 25 children from the CHILDES database of transcripts (MacWhinney, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7376, "input_1": "To visualize the organization of the six MBDs at the atomic level, we developed a full-length model of the six MBDs by integrating current structural and biophysical data (Dmitriev et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2017a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7377, "input_1": "IETF standardised VoIP is a combination of four predominate standards: RFC3261: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [18], RFC2327: Session Description Protocol (SDP) [12], RFC3550: Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) [19], and later RFC3711: The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7378, "input_1": "Upon initial pulmonary infection, a subset of C. neoformans cells differentiate into enlarged titan cells with a thick cell wall and a highly crosslinked capsule (Feldmesser et al., 2001; Okagaki et al., 2010; Zaragoza et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7379, "input_1": "The pressure-intercept is fixed at 140 GPa, derived from the inflection pressure of SiO2 glass reported by Murakami and Bass (2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7380, "input_1": "Gene function classification 48\nWe use single-variable slice sampling (Neal, 2003) to sample from the posterior distribution of hyperparameters.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7381, "input_1": "The Feasible-Infeasible Two-Population Genetic Algorithm (FI2PopGA) [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] retains infeasible solutions whose evolutionary selection is based on fitness measured as distance from feasibility.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7382, "input_1": "Ubiquitination of the endocytic machinery may also be essential for endocytosis (64).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7383, "input_1": "100 million years ago (mya), and duplication of the alcohol dehydrogenase encoding gene and genes encoding hexose transporters [4,11] have been proposed as a possible molecular background for development of Crabtree effect and the ‘‘makeaccumulate-consume’’ strategy in the S.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7384, "input_1": "Analysis of this partial sex chromosome sequence revealed that the contig contains the previously identified W marker Pv72W and contig C1, but not the Z marker Pv71Z [27,28] (Figure 1a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7385, "input_1": "Pulmonary function tests were performed according to the standards of the European Community of Coal and Steel [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7386, "input_1": "…within and 15.20% between assay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Proficiency testing was conducted with DEQAS, CAP, API, and NIST for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and with DEQAS and CAP for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as described previously (Smith et al. 2005a,b, 2008, 2009a, 2012b; Zwart et al. 2011b, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7387, "input_1": "We follow Gomes, Kogan, and Zhang (2003) and Gomes and Schmid (2012) in assuming that every period, there is a unit mass of potential entrant firms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7388, "input_1": "Most early work assumed some limited amount of supervision (e.g., a small list of translation seeds) for this task, recent work has shown that unsupervised methods can perform on-par and often above early supervised methods [Artetxe et al., 2018a, Conneau et al., 2018].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7389, "input_1": "The overall sound level of control and other auditory stimuli was roved from 50 to 80 dB SPL in steps of 2 dB.\nHorizontal and vertical gaze positions were determined separately by a velocity criterion (Populin and Yin 1998; Tollin et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7390, "input_1": "However, this resistance to drought is much lower than observed for many Pulmonates which may survive several months or even more to the desiccation (Barbosa and Barbosa 1959; Cridland 1967; Véra et al. 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7391, "input_1": "Initially, utterance-dependent generative models were obtained by MAP adapting an appropriate gender-dependent background model using the provided gender information.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7392, "input_1": "Although FGF23 and FGF2 can both induce hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes, FGF23 does so primarily by stimulating PLCg/calcineurin/NFAT signaling, whereas FGF2 activates the Ras/MAPK signaling axis (Faul et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7393, "input_1": "intermedia, mapped in previous studies (NLGANSIETDVSFDDNANPEYTYHGIP, SKKYENFN DFLKGLR and NCNKNDHLFACW) (19, 21).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7394, "input_1": "The affected follicular structure is unable to develop terminal hair and sebaceous glands, producing only soft keratin and, more rarely, vellus hair that occludes the adnexal ostia instead (4,7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7395, "input_1": "The methods of animal training, stimulus delivery, and physiological recording have been described previously (Malone et al. 2002, 2007, 2010, 2014; Scott et al. 2007, 2009, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7396, "input_1": "First, this information\nis the basis for ecological models and predictions of the future invasive distribution of H. axyridis (Poutsma et al. 2008; Bidinger et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7397, "input_1": "The above estimator generalizes the estimator in Sriperumbudur et al., 2017 to conditional densities.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7398, "input_1": "[4] mathematically proved the reconstruction of analog signals, with an error as low as required, from the pulses under certain conditions; thus, APC is an alternative to conventional ADC and has sparse representations, at least for certain impulsive classes of signals [5]–[7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7399, "input_1": "…2016), swine wastewater (Reddy et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2004; Kantawanichkul & Somprasert, 2005; Tunçsiper et al., 2015), plant nursery runoff (Huett et al., 2005), barnyardmanure (Hill et al., 2000), winery wastewater (De la Varga et al., 2013; Serrano et al., 2011; Rozema et al., 2016),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7400, "input_1": "recently an elegant study in a mouse model lacking cone Pde6c showed that cones expressed the rod photoreceptor Pde6a/b subunit proteins and that these subunits were used instead for cone phototransduction.(32) Therefore, the expression of rod phototransduction genes in FACS Tg(TaCP:EGFP) wild-type and mutant cones was examined.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7401, "input_1": "The reasons for this disparity cannot be established from our data set, although in China, one barrier to effective provision of GOLD-recommended treatments has been identified as the self-administration of nonprescription medicines by individuals with COPD.(16) A particular focus of this study was translating the impact of increments in activity impairment on HCRU and work productivity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7402, "input_1": "…for remediation of runoff from agricultural irrigation and agro-industrial production has become increasingly popular over the last decades, due to their low capital and operational cost, low energy consumption, and environmental friendliness (Huett et al., 2005; Scholz, 2007; Carty et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7403, "input_1": "Reads per kilobase per million (RPKM (Mortazavi et al. 2008)) were computed at all sites for each individual using a custom Perl script to parse the mapping files.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7404, "input_1": "We conducted semi-structured interviews during September 2005-March 2006, seeking to identify (1) VA and non-VA data sources being used or developed, (2) any information system being utilized or developed, (3) any role in governance of data or information systems, (4) expected changes in data sources or information systems as a result of implementation research efforts, (5) identify perceived barriers regarding HIT, and (6) solicit a prioritized list of HIT needs to support the QUERI Center’s implementation research efforts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7405, "input_1": "Given INF2’s previously established role as a formin protein involved in ER-mediated mitochondrial constriction and division (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014), we hypothesized that Spire1C could be working together with INF2.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7406, "input_1": "Our result is consistent with the anticancer activity of EGCG found in other human cancers, such as gastric [15], colorectal [16], lung [17], breast [18], ovarian [19], and prostate cancer [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7407, "input_1": "Previous work has shown that such measures are related to dual tasking measures of gait variability (Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005) and that they respond as expected to cognitive-enhancing pharmacologic therapy (Auriel et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7408, "input_1": "To satisfy properties 1–4 above and to handle the mixed data types, we use approximations to the error functions developed for support vector machines (SVM) [36, 38, 39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7409, "input_1": "Taking into consideration the results of the present study and previous reports, it seems possible that LPZ stimulates the transfer of NF-kB into the nucleus during LPS-stimulated TLR4 signal transduction, which, in turn, leads to the induc-\nEffects of Lansoprazole on the TLR4 Signal Transduction\nVol. 45, No. 2, 2009\n245\ntion of SOCS1 expression and anti-inflammatory activity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7410, "input_1": "Meta-analyses have shown wound problems, infection, or paresthesia to be signiWcant complications associated with surgical treatment [14, 31], even though percutaneous techniques seem to reduce the rate of complications [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7411, "input_1": "The so-called treated samples reported in this investigation were obtained on a single day during a patient/parent meeting, following dietary prescriptions for the days preceding sampling (Dercksen et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7412, "input_1": "In the P-element mediated transformation systems, transposons that contain proper cis elements are able to amplify at ectopic genomic loci, although levels of amplification are dramatically affected by chromosomal position effects (de Cicco and Spradling, 1984; Orr-Weaver and Spradling, 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7413, "input_1": "Several studies have shown that a major function of PP2A is downregulation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway (2, 3, 22, 30, 50, 51, 53).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7414, "input_1": "Particularly, the visceral tissue volume at 41–50% LTR, which has high conductivity because it is mainly made up of smooth muscle and water, has a low but significant negative correlation between the residual of the trunk SM volume estimates, expressed as a percentage of the trunk SM volume (13).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7415, "input_1": "The GRS was then calculated by summing across all SNPs (the GRS could theoretically range from 0 to 58).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7416, "input_1": "This includes methods for computing mappings between probability densities [23, 39, 40], often using formal and computational tools from optimal transport theory and measure coupling.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7417, "input_1": "The multi-institution RCTs [11, 13, 44, 56, 65] and the pilot RCT by Tsai et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7418, "input_1": "Additionally, the results surpassed the numbers of 8–9 h of “lying down” reported in two studies on persons with moderate or severe OSAS [21, 22] and the 9 h and 55 min of sedentary time previously reported in patients with OSAS and obesity receiving CPAP treatment [23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7419, "input_1": "The scaffold protein Kidins220(1)/ ARMS (1,2), hereafter referred to as Kidins220, acts as a signaling platform implicated in many cellular", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7420, "input_1": "In this regard, expression of VvMYB4-like and the gentian GtMYB1R1 and GtMYB1R9 share the down-regulation of the endogenous DFR and ANS (Nakatsuka et al. 2013), whereas with the overexpression of the strawberry FaMYB1, it is shared only the down-regulation of ANS/ LDOX (Aharoni et al. 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7421, "input_1": "It may be interesting to study the security in context of multi-level proxy signatures [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7422, "input_1": "We note that better performance has been reported with the use of more image features [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7423, "input_1": "This finding was in complete agreement with previous reports in which E2 was found to be more antigenic than E1 in infected patients (Edwards et al., 2012; Neumann-Haefelin & Thimme, 2013; Prince et al., 1999; Shimizu et al., 1994; Wahid & Dubuisson, 2013; Wang et al., 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7424, "input_1": "In [37], DWT coefficients in each color components are modeled jointly by Multivariate Generalized Gaussian (MGG), and geodesic distance is used as the similarity measure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7425, "input_1": "Ovigerous females (Tankersley et al. 1998; Forward et al. 2003) and females between clutches of eggs (Hench et al. 2004; Forward et al. 2005) use ETT to migrate seaward.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7426, "input_1": "Furthermore, MMP-2 and -9 are expressed and secreted by astrocytes (Gottschall et al., 1995; Muir et al., 2002) and induced in the presence of A (Deb and Gottschall, 1996; Deb et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7427, "input_1": "Therefore, physiologically relevant 3D cell culture has been recognized as a potential bridge between traditional in vitro two-dimensional (2D) culture and in vivo animal studies.(7,8) It is thus critical to advance the development of scalable and affordable methods of producing 3D spheroids and/or organoids suitable for high-throughput cancer drug discovery.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7428, "input_1": "Only few published methods used tandem mass spectrometry as a detection method for simultaneous determination of oxycodone and its metabolites in human biological samples [18, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7429, "input_1": "As discussed in [71, 72], such an ability leads to higher market efficiency, where both the cloud provider and cloud customers gain benefit.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7430, "input_1": "Whereas Lorden used crude upper bounds for the Type I error probability that are too conservative for practical applications, Bartroff and Lai (2008) overcome this difficulty by developing numerical methods to compute the Type I error probability and also extended the three-stage test to multiparameter and multi-armed settings, thus greatly broadening the scope of these efficient adaptive designs. A review of their method is given in Section 2.1. In Section 4 we prove the asymptotic optimality of these adaptive tests in the multiparameter case, extending Lorden’s (1983) result for the special case d = 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7431, "input_1": "7 Precision of our video-based fish species recognition results [2] on the FishCLEF 31K dataset Multimed Tools Appl (2016) 75:1701–1720 1712", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7432, "input_1": "3, top) was constructed from the previously described 0.85-kb promoter construct (construct 6, Drews et al. 2005) by digestion with AscI and MluI followed by religation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7433, "input_1": "Furthermore, it has been shown that expression of small t can enhance MEK and MAP kinase activity (51, 53).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7434, "input_1": "Additional target-based ESI–MS-MS data of isovalerylcarnitine was obtained from the preceding investigation (Dercksen et al. 2012) and the analysis was done according to the protocol described by Pitt et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7435, "input_1": "These descriptors are usually applied with the Harris3D corner detector [16],", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7436, "input_1": "To minimise the gap between the two fragments in closed wedge osteotomy, impaction is required when using the plating technique [4, 10, 17, 19, 30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7437, "input_1": "and has been implicated in Salmonella survival in the inflamed intestine when bile levels are elevated (18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7438, "input_1": "…importance of polyploidy because (1) life history traits are often main determinants of fitness (e.g., Levy and Feldman 2002; Otto 2007; Ramsey 2011), and (2), ploidy level has the potential to influence life history traits in both positive and negative ways (e.g., Cavalier-Smith 1978;…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7439, "input_1": "The real-world spaces that surround information users have been diversely called everything from personal information environments (Kwasnik, 1991; Malone, 1983) to personal information management (PIM) systems (Barreau, 1995) and personal spaces of information (Jones, 2007). Drawing upon interviews with academics, Lee (2003) proposes a model of three concentric zones of information that surround a user: “immediate,” within arm’s reach or a few footsteps away; “adjacent,” such as a nearby university library; and “outside,” such as a more distant bookstore. Speaking largely from an objectifying stance and adopting Lee’s concept of the “immediate information space,” this paper focuses on a visual research method—photography— that seems particularly well suited to learning more about settings and their accompanying information phenomena. A variety of investigative approaches may be used to study immediate information space. Jones (2007) suggests ethnography combined with design methodologies, and places emphasis on context and situation, including contextual inquiry (Beyer & Holtzblatt, 1998), situated activity (Suchman, 1983), and situated design (Greenbaum & Kyng, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7440, "input_1": "It has to be emphasized that this paper focuses on the competition of digital platforms that operate as ubiquitous systems [57].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7441, "input_1": "Given that meningovascular involvement is the most prevalent form of neurosyphilis, the signal changes could represent a combination of edema and gliosis [2, 5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7442, "input_1": "The previous studies confirm that\nfeeding healthy rats a fructose diet results\nin insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and\nhypertension (Johnson et al., 2007; Suzuki\net al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7443, "input_1": "Outlines of the subgranular zone (SGZ: defined as a two cell diameter band on both sides of the granular cell layer (GCL)) was done using a 10x/0.45 objective.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7444, "input_1": "The loss of ATP is caused by the impairment to ATP recycling, depletion of substrates, and inhibition of complex IV in the respiratory chain [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–116].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7445, "input_1": "The incidence of 12.5% Cronobacter contamination of PIF in Malaysia was almost in agreement with reports of Cawthorn et al. (2008) and Witthuhn et al. (2006) who found the prevalence of Cronobacter in South African PIF were 14 and 18%, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7446, "input_1": "Moreover, genu as well as splenium thinning may corroborate results from our previous work (Ballmaier et al, 2004c), showing widespread decreases in temporal and parietal gray matter in late-onset depression compared to controls, with prominent decreases in sensorimotor regions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7447, "input_1": "The early studies also documented that the activity of daptomycin was dependent on the concentration of calcium in the growth medium (8, 11, 12, 14).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7448, "input_1": "We additionally analyzed blood levels of the hematopoietic cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) since it might be the mediator of increased CD34 /KDR and CD45 /CD34 cell mobilization (11, 26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7449, "input_1": "Other studies showed that ACR could affect the cellular energy generation and the deficiency of energy induced the neurotoxicity [7, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7450, "input_1": "eported intradural spinal metastasis with histological confirmed xamination since 1950 add to 82 and only rarely are reported to be rostate carcinoma [3–6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7451, "input_1": "…associated with the tip and kinocilial links of sensory hair bundles in the chick inner ear and the ciliary calyx of photoreceptors in the eye (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003), is an avian ortholog of human protocadherin-15, a product of the deaf/ blindness Usher syndrome type 1F/DFNB23 locus…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7452, "input_1": "Whereas critics like Karnani (2007) have mostly raised questions regarding cosmetic skin whitening creams, our research examines whether\nthe effects of disempowerment might be particularly prominent for the riskier creams.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7453, "input_1": "Local phase coherence (LPC) of the wavelet image coefficients is employed in [14] to evaluate the image sharpness.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7454, "input_1": "Although early studies linked cFos expression to neuronal activity (Sommer et al., 1993, 1996), only recently these neurons were directly implicated in internal representation and behavioral expression of distinct memories (Cruz et al., 2013, 2014a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7455, "input_1": "Yeast strains with expression of a single hexose transporterencoding gene at a time allow scientists to study the properties of the individual permeases (Hamacher et al. 2002; Hahn-Hägerdal et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7456, "input_1": "Section 2 presents background and describes the key insight along with the page level implementation as proposed in [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7457, "input_1": "PRR5 is one of the less studied members of the PRR gene family, and all data collected to date on this gene pertain only to mRNA variation and the analysis of mutant and overexpression phenotypes (Matsushika et al., 2000; Sato et al., 2002; Eriksson et al., 2003; Michael et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7458, "input_1": "However, the amounts of the other PCR cycle enzymes and of electron\ntransport components also vary in parallel with the amount of RuBisCO (von Caemmerer and Farquhar 1981; Makino et al. 1983).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7459, "input_1": "The higher dose (1 mM) inhibits ion transport activity, whereas the low noninhibitory dose (50 nM) activates signaling pathways [37].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7460, "input_1": "Discussion Recent reports have indicated a higher risk of fractures among men and women with high levels of serum homocysteine (HCY) [46].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7461, "input_1": "[13] found lower distress in those partners who had had greater comfort from sharing their concerns about BRCA1/2 testing and who had felt that their * Correspondence to: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7462, "input_1": "…differ in trait anxiety, which is an enduring feature of an individual and, consequently, does not vary from moment to moment, in contrast to state anxiety, which is provoked by an anxiogenic stimulus and only experienced at a particular moment in time (Belzung & Griebel, 2001; Lister, 1990).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7463, "input_1": "Other scores were developed based on data of patients included in registries and clinical trials, such as the ACC-NCDR (American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry) registry (7), GUSTO-I (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries) trial (8), and the SHOCK (SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shock) trial and registry (9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7464, "input_1": ", 2003] and visibility [Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006] and can also influence Earth’s energy balance either directly [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007] or through the modification of cloud properties [Twomey, 1977; Albrecht, 1989].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7465, "input_1": "Representatives of more than 40 riboswitches and other cis-regulatory RNA motifs identified in bacterial genomes are available in the Rfam database [25], where they are grouped into unique RNA families.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7466, "input_1": "We adapted the “Model of Impact of Training on Maternal and Child Health Professionals” for the LSI evaluation [14,15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7467, "input_1": "Lysozyme has a direct bacteriolytic action because it hydrolyses b-(1,4)glycosidic bonds, which are common in peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls (Strominger and Tipper, 1974; Jolles and Jolles, 1984).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7468, "input_1": "…factors such as Hairy, which plays a critical role in the segmentation of the early embryo (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus 1980), Fruitless, which promotes male-specific neural development and behavior (Manoli et al. 2005), as well as Homothorax, a Hox protein co-factor (Ryoo et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7469, "input_1": "Both these results suggest that there was increased cognitive load in the High Load/Threat condition (Beatty, 1982; Steinhauer and Hakerem, 1992; Johnstone et al., 2007), which would not be expected if threat information was not being processed.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7470, "input_1": "…AD (Brown & Storandt, 2000; Carlesimo, Perri, & Caltagirone, 2011; Grober & Kawas, 1997; Grober, Hall, Lipton, et al., 2008; Mahieux et al., 2009; Sarazin et al., 2010; Vogel, Mortensen, Gade, & Waldemar, 2007) and aMCI (Ivanoiu et al., 2005; Saka, Mihci, Topcuoglu, & Balkan, 2006; Wagner et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7471, "input_1": "trachomatis genital infection can lead to serious sequelae among women, including pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain [2] and, as other inflammatory STIs, can also facilitate the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7472, "input_1": "According to our inclusion criteria, a total of 12 eligible studies[21,26–36] involving 777 cases and 404 controls were included in the pooled analyses.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7473, "input_1": "Consistent with previous work (Kteily et al., 2015), we hypothesized that outgroup dehumanization would itself be associated with support for aggressive intergroup attitudes and behaviors, such as support for torture and collective aggression, independent of outgroup prejudice (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7474, "input_1": "Natural human-human interaction requires synchrony in multiple time scales ranging from spontaneous fast body alignment [144] to high level deliberative turn taking [138].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7475, "input_1": "Because MYCN is inversely correlated with MHC I (8–10), and MHC I is positively correlated with ERAP1 expression in human cell lines of various lineages (13, 14), we looked for expression patterns of MYCN, MHC I heavy chain, ERAP1, and ERAP2 by Western blotting (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7476, "input_1": "Various solutions have been developed for both large n as well as for the n = 3 minimal case (see [8] for a recent overview).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7477, "input_1": "rhodesiense HAT, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, a high-throughput and robust method that is optimal for analyzing multiple metabolites simultaneously within complex biological mixtures [13, 14], including CSF [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7478, "input_1": "47 I construct estimates of lifetime solar generation based 46This calculation of external benefits builds on Gillingham and Tsvetanov (2017). 47PVWatts is developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and accessible via http://pvwatts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7479, "input_1": "Scores of 11 and higher indicate a risk for the presence of an obsessive-compulsive disorder (Hodgson and Rachman 1977).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7480, "input_1": "Secondly, this effect was shown to be selectively due to CCK2 activation (Ladurelle et al. 1997) through mechanisms involving δ-opioid (Daugé et al. 1999) and D1-dopamine receptors (Ladurelle et al. 1993) that could be blocked by the selective antagonists naltrindole (a δ antagonist), and SCH23,390.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7481, "input_1": "This does not a¡ect the probability calculations for any reversible Markov-process model of nucleotide substitution (Felsenstein 1981), and de¢nes a direction (away from the root) on each branch of the tree.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7482, "input_1": "Given the signiWcant positive correlation between molarity and conductance of the calcium treatment solutions it seems likely that osmotic stress arising from irrigation with salt solutions contributed to observed patterns of plant mortality (Maas 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7483, "input_1": "The original double gyre(1) is a 2D, deterministic, time-varying, closedform vector field dataset defined on [0, 0] × [2, 1]; and we synthetically injected uncertainties by adding independent Gaussian noises into the u and v components:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7484, "input_1": "In neuronal cultures, cell damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation [91] or excitotoxic glutamate or kainate concentrations [94], was consistently attenuated by TPM.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7485, "input_1": "These strains were transformed with plasmid pME1983 (Gisi et al., 1999), a derivative of pTrc99A (Amersham) carrying the dcmA gene from Methylophilus sp. strain DM11 (Bader & Leisinger, 1994) under IPTG control, and the control plasmid pME1984 carrying the dcmA gene in antisense orientation to the P\ntrc\npromoter.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7486, "input_1": "Catheter infections, implant site wound infections, or both were documented in five studies (37,38,40,51,53).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7487, "input_1": "[31] for the associated production of a neutral Higgs boson with bottom quarks that the shower starting scale (limiting the hardest emission that the shower can generate) should be set at similar values, i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7488, "input_1": "Optogenetic illumination of aCA2/CA3distal terminals in aCA1 in the test phase of novel object recognition task robustly impaired discrimination between familiar and novel object in NpHR animals relative to controls (two-way ANOVA, treatment: F(1,14) = 3.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7489, "input_1": "Subsequently, Shirure et al have shown that MAC-2BP carrying sLex was functionally involved in ZR-75-1 rolling on HUVECs cultured as monolayer (8).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7490, "input_1": "Similar results were reported for plant height, pod yield, kernel yield [10,25], days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering [9,21,26], and ELS resistance [13,14,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7491, "input_1": "Also, as expected for shams at P21 [3,4,36], Akaike weight analyses of pooled and individual data showed that sleep bouts followed an exponential distribution and wake bouts followed a power-law distribution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7492, "input_1": "Our results showing GFP and Bt-R1a expression in S2 cells supports previous reports that baculovirus immediate early promoters function in S2 cells (Banks et al., 2003; Vanden Broeck et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7493, "input_1": "Disruption of oculomotor motoneuron maturation alters the molecular profile of EOM, including suppression of Myh13 (5, 7, 11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7494, "input_1": "The method for the WRAIR ChE assay has been previously described (U.S. Patent No. 6,746,850, Feaster et al., 2004; Gordon et al., 2005; Haigh et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7495, "input_1": "…because similar spatiotemporal networks are inferred in real fMRI data whether using spatial or temporal independent component analysis (ICA) (Calhoun et al., 2009), general linear model (GLM), seed-based (Whitfield-Gabrieli et al., 2009), or clustering approaches (Van Den Heuvel et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7496, "input_1": "In addition to 2 related studies [22,23] shown in Table 1, 13 studies [21,24-35] (Table 2) addressed the effect of Ramadan fasting on maternal health as the primary or the secondary outcome variables.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7497, "input_1": "There was no activity in the olfactory bulb in any of the three lines, although the endogenous gene and the 4.8-kb transgene are strongly expressed there (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7498, "input_1": "…SNRe for uniform stretching of the postcompression A-lines (performed to undo the effects of mechanical compression on the signal itself and, hence, improve the correlation between the pre- and postcompression A-lines) have been developed in elastography (Céspedes 1993; Varghese and Ophir 1997b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7499, "input_1": "It has previously been shown that recovery VO2 kinetics are adequately characterized by a mono-exponential function following steady-state exercise at “moderate” and “heavy” exercise intensities (Ozyener et al. 2001; rossiter et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7500, "input_1": "In humans, however direct protein– protein interactions between Atox1 and MBDs are essential for the delivery of Cu to the MBDs (Hamza et al. 1999; Hussain et al. 2009; Larin et al. 1999; Walker et al. 2002, 2004; Yu et al. 2017b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7501, "input_1": "Flagella and motility are required for promoting optimal commensal colonization of the chick gastrointestinal tract (Nachamkin et al., 1993; Wassenaar et al., 1993; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004; Wösten et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7502, "input_1": "Streptomyces are well known for their prolific production of antibiotics, which are\nthought to mediate species interactions (Williams and Vickers, 1986; Slattery et al., 2001; Davelos et al., 2004a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7503, "input_1": "The ionomycin-induced increase in [Ca(21)]i without external Ca21, an index of the size of internal Ca21 stores (19, 20), was similar in patients with vasospastic angina and in control subjects (680 6 250 vs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7504, "input_1": "Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 50% of total body weight, and is known to be the largest tissue in the human body, mainly responsible for force generation, movement and breathing [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7505, "input_1": "We employ a generic dynamic bioclimate envelope model for marine fish and invertebrates that incorporates population and dispersal dynamics to project future species distributions under climate change (for details, see Cheung et al. 2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7506, "input_1": "The variance for the two-stage estimator with continuous outcomes is here calculated using a sandwich variance estimator to account for possible misspecification of the first-stage regression [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7507, "input_1": "We propose a modification of the static sensor field model (SSSF) [2] to model computation in a dynamic network of tiny artifacts.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7508, "input_1": "Previous investigators have changed ionic strength to screen charge to study the interaction of various toxin blockers with Ca(21)-activated K(1) (KCa) channels (MacKinnon and Miller, 1988; Anderson et al., 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991; Giangiacomo et al., 1992) and the block induced by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin in Na(1) channels (Moczydlowski et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7509, "input_1": "Alternatively, we propose a fast approximation algorithm with two steps, motivated by the Kolmogorov’s criterion (see Chapter of 1 (Escalante and Raydan 2011)).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7510, "input_1": "Participants were then investigated on separate days for assessment of whole-body glucose disposal using euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamps as detailed previously [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7511, "input_1": "The primary studies investigated BNP or NT-proBNP in intensive care patients who were critically ill for use in diagnosis (7, 9), prognosis (6, 8, 11, 12) or monitoring (10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7512, "input_1": "Recent metaanalyses focusing on empathic activations, elicitedwhenwitnessing others either undergoing pain or suffering emotionally, localized a core network including anterior insula (AI), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) (Singer et al. 2004; Jackson et al. 2006; Singer 2006; Decety and Moriguchi 2007; Fan et al. 2011; Lamm et al. 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7513, "input_1": "21This is similar to the fixed effects used in Hummels et al. (2014) and Malchow-Møller, Munch and\nSkaksen (2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7514, "input_1": "pPGI is strongly inhibited by light [21] and by 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) [22], a Calvin-Benson cycle intermediate accumulating in the chloroplast during illumination that allosterically activates AGP [19,20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7515, "input_1": "3448C T) polymorphism within SCN9A (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms database [dbSNP] rs6746030) in the affected proband, and in several unaffected family members (father and brother of proband), and reported that this polymorphism is present in 14% of ethnically matched, Caucasian control chromosomes.(8) This polymorphism, in exon 18 of SCN9A, substitutes a nonpolar tryptophan (W) for a positively charged arginine (R) at residue 1150 in the reference NaV1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7516, "input_1": "Neural complexity was calculated as proposed by Tononi, Sporns and Edelman [17], using the Matlab code provided by Sporns on one of his Websites [49] that computes neural complexity from the covariance matrix of the dynamics.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7517, "input_1": "The four bog-related vegetation types ranked highest in proportion of threatened butterfly species of their typical faunas (van Swaay et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7518, "input_1": "These results replicate and extend previous results from our lab (Hankosky et al., 2013), demonstrating distinct manifestations of behavioral sensitization in adolescent- and adultexposed rats that only emerge if the challenge dose is high enough (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7519, "input_1": "endoneural blood vessels, which expose them to high blood glucose concentrations in diabetes [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7520, "input_1": "…on k-space (Basu et al., 2006), local neighborhood pattern analysis (Manjón et al., 2008), high-order partial differential equations (Bai and Feng, 2007; Moraschi et al., 2010), diffusion tensor\nKeywords Anomalous diffusion, Image enhancement, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Spatial filtering.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7521, "input_1": "Using a blocked design (20 trials per block; Van Boven and Johnson 1994) each probe was applied manually to participant’s right index finger tip in one of two different orientations (across or along the axis of the finger tip).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7522, "input_1": "Taking into consideration the results of the present study and previous reports, it seems possible that LPZ stimulates the transfer of NF-kB into the nucleus during LPS-stimulated TLR4 signal transduction, which, in turn, leads to the induc-\n Effects of Lansoprazole on the TLR4 Signal Transduction\n Vol. 45, No. 2, 2009\n 245\n tion of SOCS1 expression and anti-inflammatory activity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7523, "input_1": "Understanding the molecular and developmental mechanisms by which dietary supplementation affects neural tube development is critical to reducing the impact of one of the most common birth defects, especially since some NTDs appear to be resistant to the beneficial effects of FA [1-6,21-23].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7524, "input_1": "This model has been improved by means of techniques and instruments of data acquisition: particularly, through the development of statistical packages applied to the different factors as well as through GIS softwares, used for the management and processing of georeferenced data for large areas (Johnston, 1998; Meijerink et al., 2003; Daniels, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7525, "input_1": "…could consequently play a key pathogenic role in CSD. Imaging studies showed reduced activation of visual cortices during vestibular stimulation (Brandt et al., 1998; Brandt, 1999; Bense et al., 2001), and this was hypothesized to be a cortical mechanism contributing to stabilize visual images…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7526, "input_1": "Ubiquitin is attached to specific lysine residues in the receptor tail by the ubiquitin protein ligase Rsp5p (63, 64).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7527, "input_1": "We also considered the suggestive linkage level, for which one false positive is expected in a genome scan (Lander & Kruglyak 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7528, "input_1": "These genes were selected since their expression levels were found to be altered in developing brain of malformed embryos from diabetic pregnancy (in our previous cDNA microarray analysis) [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7529, "input_1": "SPARC has been proposed to be an albumin receptor in other epithelial tissues (Swaroop et al., 1988; Kopp et al., 1992; Tiruppathi et al., 1996), and is expressed at higher levels in human fetal tissue than in adult tissue and cell lines (Swaroop et al., 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7530, "input_1": "These results confirmed previously reported observations that intestinal and dermal MHC IIhi F4/80hi macrophages originate from BM monocytes (Bain et al., 2014; Rivollier et al., 2012; Tamoutounour et al., 2013; Zigmond and Jung, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7531, "input_1": "In such cases a shorter segment without that non-aligned point would have a smaller NFA and would be preferred [13, 15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7532, "input_1": "Occlusal wear facets were defined following Maier and Schneck (1981) and grouped using the dental occlusal compass concept (Douglass and DeVreugd, 1997; Ulhaas et al., 2007; Kullmer et al., 2009; see Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7533, "input_1": "In the second stage those cases that tested positive for psychoses and affective disorders on the CIDI and those identified by key informants underwent evaluation by physicians using the Amharic version of the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) (Wing, 1996; Wing et al., 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7534, "input_1": "The functional studies of other AG-like genes gave very similar results, not only in Arabidopsis (Liljegren et al., 2000) but also in tobacco (Fourquin and Ferrandiz, 2012) and tomato\n (Gimenez et al., 2010), suggesting that AG-like genes may play a prominent role late in fruit development and…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7535, "input_1": "First, it imports an ODE model given in the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) format [21] making use of libSBML [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7536, "input_1": "Southern analysis\nGels were transferred onto positively charged nylon membranes (Hybond Amersham) as previously described (Smith et al. 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7537, "input_1": "The most common isolated species were Klebsiella pneumoniae in our study, while others reported higher frequencies of Escherichia coli isolation [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7538, "input_1": "It results in tissue damage from ischemia and the subsequent activation of the inflammatory cascade that leads to blood vessel occlusion and necrosis [17, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7539, "input_1": "Finally, to conclude the evaluation for the technical performance, the waveforms for both dSE-QuEPI and SEEPI were simulated using measured gradient impulse response functions (26) to assess the influence of inevitable non-ideal performance of the gradient system and determine if correction was needed to achieve an accurate mapping to k-space.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7540, "input_1": "In general, our parameter choices are consistent with the estimation results in Gomes (2001), and Hennessy and Whited (2005, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7541, "input_1": "The reason behind choosing these applications is because they have been already studied in the literature [18, 6, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7542, "input_1": "Consistent with this suggestion, administration of agonists at this allosteric glycine binding site results in a significant symptomatic improvement in schizophrenic patients (Javitt et al., 1994; Goff et al., 1995; Heresco-Levy et al., 1996, 1999, 2002; Tsai et al., 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7543, "input_1": "Additionally, the studies in general point out that the type of transportation seems to be more related to social and environmental factors than to the students’ freedom of choice, as observed in the studies carried out by Davison et al. (2008); Dollman & Lewis (2007); Robertson-Wilson et al. (2008); and Timperio et al. (2006). These findings must be considered in studies and public policies focused on encouraging active commuting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7544, "input_1": "Animal models are essential for studying experimentally the ways that these dietary factors modulate protein functions, biochemical pathways, and developmental processes during neural tube formation [21-26,28,34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7545, "input_1": "Ten boundaries indicating the axial location of defined intra-retinal layers are then automaticaly outlined using a developed segmentation algorithm (SOARS: Stanford OCT Automated Retinal Segementation) [14], from which 7 (describing 6 layers) are considered in the analysis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7546, "input_1": "The parameter w avoids forwarding in case of insufficient routing progress (without compromising connectivity [26]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7547, "input_1": "The term lesser known species does not imply that the species are unknown, but rather they presently constitute the bulk of wood that finds no economic use (Barany et al. 2003). Hansom (1983) and ITTO (2007) described lesser-known species as those species for which current commercial demand is below their forest production potentials.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7548, "input_1": "This result confirms our previous data on the inhibition by PD98059 of LPC-induced AR and related P-Tyr (de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002) but diverge from those of Luconi et al. (1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7549, "input_1": "Type land 11 receptors are responsible for its biological functions [76, 77].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7550, "input_1": "The approach to treatment of a lymphoid tumor of the eye and its adnexa includes an assessment of the patient’s ocular and systemic status.(1-30) If the patient shows no sign of systemic lymphoma after an evaluation by the oncologist, then the ocular tumor is addressed with complete excision plus cryotherapy if the mass is small and accessible (lymphoma of the conjunctiva or anterior orbit) or incisional biopsy and low-dose radiosurgery if the mass is large (posterior orbital tumors).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7551, "input_1": "Consistent with previous work, individual Streptomyces isolates resisted inhibition consistently better than they inhibited others (Davelos et al, 2004a; D’Costa et al, 2006), and on average were resistant to 83% of all other isolates.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7552, "input_1": "…et al., 2001; Steyn-Ross et al., 2005) to name only a few, their application to anesthetic-induced EEG changes is relatively recent (Bojak and Liley, 2005; Foster et al., 2008; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Liley and Bojak, 2005; Liley et al., 2003; Molaee-Ardekani et al., 2007; SteynRoss et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7553, "input_1": "Only some forms of agriculture have the potential to be both productive in terms of human food resources and conservation ‘friendly’: one such form of land use is livestock farming on natural pastures (O’Connor 2005; Little et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7554, "input_1": "BLASTX searches were conducted against an in-house database comprised of NCBI RefSeq plant and microbe peptide databases (release 51) combined with peptide sequences from marine taxa whose genomes were sequenced using single-cell sequencing (Swan et al., 2011; Swan et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7555, "input_1": "Total lung HP content was assayed in duplicate as previously described (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7556, "input_1": "To further investigate the characteristics of the identified adipose unmethylated and low-methylated regions, we used ChIP-seq data from the NIH Roadmap consortium [28] for the active promoter-associated H3K4me3 [29] and the active enhancer-associated H3K4me1 [30] marks in human adipocytes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7557, "input_1": "In the maps by Poutsma et al.\n(2008) and Bidinger et al. (2012) these regions were\nindicated on the basis of previously published records\nfrom whole administrative regions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7558, "input_1": "Due to the documented function of sLex carried by these proteins as E-selectin ligand (7,8), we investigated the prognostic value of these combinations of markers in our series.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7559, "input_1": "The condenser MEMS microphones with back-plate designs are generally suffered from the damping effect (large acoustic impedance, [8-9]) and reliability issues (pull-in and process stiction, [9-10]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7560, "input_1": "As done in the study [Paxson (1996)], we refer to the collections of route measurements performed during the first and second experiments as D1 and D2, respectively. Paxson used the term “virtual path” to denote the network-level abstraction of a direct link between two Internet sites [Paxson (1996)].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7561, "input_1": "In this section we consider the 87 problems from the CUTEst collection already considered in the numerical experiments presented in [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7562, "input_1": "applied ratiometry to optical recordings from the rabbit epicardium using a system that included a blue laser, a spectrograph, and a photodiode array (25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7563, "input_1": "…et al. 2003, 2004; Ceponiene et al. 2003; Jansson-Verkasalo et al. 2003; Gervais et al. 2004; Kasai et al. 2005; Lepisto et al. 2005, 2006), including reports of deWcient cortical processing speciWc\nto prosody (Erwin et al. 1991; Wang et al. 2001; Kujala et al. 2005; Korpilahti et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7564, "input_1": "It has become a standard component in most prevalent CNN architectures like Inception [27], ResNet [8], DenseNet [13], etc.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7565, "input_1": "Case patients were included in the study if they had an episode of pSAB, defined as bacteremia for longer than 7 days.(3) For patients with multiple episodes of pSAB, only the first episode of SAB in each patient was included for analysis.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7566, "input_1": "Despite the very high human density at its eastern edge, the forest is inside the UMNP and is generally well protected (Rovero et al. 2012); 2) Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (US, 314 km2) which also covers the steep, east-facing escarpment rising from the Kilombero Valley, and is characterized by…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7567, "input_1": "…et al, 2009), parallel-machine scheduling problems (Lin et al, 2011), flowshop scheduling problems (Ribas et al, 2011; Pan and Ruiz, 2014), HFSPs (Ying, 2009; Ying et al, 2014), distributed flowshop scheduling problems (Lin et al, 2013b; Fernandez-Viagas and Framinan, 2015; Ribas et al, 2017),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7568, "input_1": ") [83, 87, 103, 115], house mouse (Mus musculus) [80, 81, 83, 85, 118, 120, 124], brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) [82, 85, 103, 108, 117, 118, 120, 124], black rat (Rattus rattus) [83, 85, 86, 92, 103, 118, 120, 124], South African pouched mouse (Saccostomys campestris) [88]; and a range of other free-living mammal species including shrews (Crocidura spp.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7569, "input_1": "Although the presence of subretinal fluid or retinal edema on OCT may suggest active disease [17], they may not always be coincident with the presence of FA leakage [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7570, "input_1": "This result is contrary to the previous report from Israel [13] which found a significantly higher seroprevalence to Neospora spp. as horses get older than 10 years of age (because of an increased likelihood of exposure through horizontal transmission over time).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7571, "input_1": "Furthermore, this genomic region on 5HL is identical to the major QTL previously detected for grain dormancy (qSDND) in the ND24260  Flagship DH population (Hickey et al., 2012), with the allele for both QTL (grain dormancy and RAQ2/RNQ4) donated by ND24260.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7572, "input_1": "Overall, we confirm the results observed by Ferrero et al. (2007a) on the effect of radical surgery for endometriosis in women with moderate to severe deep dyspareunia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7573, "input_1": "The MESSA/ DX5 cell line is highly resistant to daunorubicin, paclitaxel (Taxol) and colchicine due to overexpression of MDR-1 [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7574, "input_1": "In addition to the up-regulation of the EGF receptor itself in clinically localized high grade prostate cancer, we also found over-expression of MAP2K4 and the EGF activated pro-migratory RAS related gene RALA [20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7575, "input_1": "Mouse exon 1c and human exon 1c are located 65 kb and 70 kb upstream of the first coding exon, respectively (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7576, "input_1": "Females incubate and males fed females and chicks during the incubation and nestling phases; second broods are rare but renesting after early nest loss can occur (Rauter and Reyer 2000; Bollmann and Reyer 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7577, "input_1": "Information about adherence to HAART was obtained from the selfadministered questionnaires and the face-to-face interviews, in accordance with the methods of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7578, "input_1": "…C57 mice were shown to be the most sensitive mouse strain to the rewarding properties of morphine, with contrasting effects in the DBA strain (Orsini et al. 2005), the opposite effects have also been demonstrated in a conditioned place preference paradigm (Cunningham et al. 1992; Semenova et…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7579, "input_1": "The data has previously been used to analyse socioeconomic inequalities in health (Frijters et al. 2005; Nolte and McKee 2004; Rodriguez 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7580, "input_1": "showed that individuals who had previously experienced fractures (vertebral, hip, and wrist fractures) had health utility scores broadly consistent with those from the present study, whereas the health utility scores for patients without fractures appeared to be somewhat better [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7581, "input_1": "CAD screening might identify individuals who could benefit from anti-ischemia therapy or from revascularization, and specifically those with left main or severe multi-vessel disease (28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7582, "input_1": "The PHQ-2 (Figure 1) is a screening measure of depression that has been well studied and has been traditionally used in primary care settings (Kroenke et al., 2003; Watson et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7583, "input_1": "Recently, there has been renewed interest in analyzing and modifying sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithms for constrained nonlinear optimization for cases where the traditional regularity conditions do not hold [5, 9, 15, 14, 26, 30, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7584, "input_1": "Data were simulated with the mvrnorm module of the MASS package (version 7.3-6; Venables & Ripley, 2002) and version 2.11.1 of R (R Development Core Team, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7585, "input_1": "letters for the pre-school children) a change detection paradigm (Pashler, 1988; Phillips, 1974) was used rather than a whole report paradigm (Sperling, 1960).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7586, "input_1": ", 1985), especially in the listener’s native language (Bradlow and Bent, 2002), it can also result in increased error rates in automated speech recognizers (Shriberg et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7587, "input_1": "However, the sole expression of Piromyces XI did not result in appreciable growth on xylose [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7588, "input_1": "The presence of increased TG in the lipoprotein is in good agreement with the results of previous studies that indicated that TG levels are an important and independent predictor of CHD and stroke risk in the Asia-Pacific region (Asia pacific cohort studies collaboration, 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7589, "input_1": "MDZ is predominantly metabolized to 10-hydroxy-MDZ and 4-hydroxy-MDZ by CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 in rats (Kobayashi et al. 2002); thus, it has been used as a selective CYP3A substrate (Turpeinen et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7590, "input_1": "Slide data were processed using MicroPreP as previously described (Garcia de la Nava et al., 2003; Hendriksen et al., 2007; van Hijum et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7591, "input_1": "Recently, Pelizza et al. (2007) have reported similar results, suggesting that the differences observed in the fungus’s response to temperature are a result of the variability associated with the adaptation to specific habitats.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7592, "input_1": "Problems and obstacles in their use are represented by a complex pre-processing, the acquisition geometry that can affect the quality of the images over mountainous areas where landslides are likely to occur, a certain difficulty in using the SAR signal in traditional statistical classification approaches (mainly due to speckling) [19], and perhaps a certain attitude against using this kind of product in the landslide mapping community.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7593, "input_1": "Moreover, numbers of red colobus have dramatically declined within the last decade outside the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP), where forests are less protected and illegal hunting practiced (Rovero et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7594, "input_1": "(1999) and modified by Grant and Bogdanowicz (2006). Enrichment of the library was with the same set of dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric oligonucleotide repeats as Barnett et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7595, "input_1": "For instance, one proposed extension to UPC [17] incorporates a new interface to express two types of collectives: one-to-many (e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7596, "input_1": "We hypothesize that suppression of these genes is required for enhancement of M1-promoting pathways such as Akt2 [51] and Notch1 signaling [56,57], as well as inflammatory cytokine production.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7597, "input_1": "Like Clemente’s (2009) study and other CA work in medical sociology (for example, Parry 2004, Pilnick and Zayts 2012), this article provides a data-driven analysis of talk-in-interaction.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7598, "input_1": "In Olfati-Saber and Murray (2004), the authors investigated a systematical framework of consensus problems with directed interconnection graphs or time-delays by a Lyapunov-based approach.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7599, "input_1": "Recently, authors have proposed incremental graph construction [3, 7]: First, a sparse graph (i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7600, "input_1": "DCS was initially proposed in [56], where a geographic hash table (GHT) is used to determine the location of storage nodes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7601, "input_1": "Because a7 subunits are glycosylated (Gotti et al., 1992; Chen et al., 1998) and possess several phosphorylation consensus sites (Seguela et al., 1993), differences in oligosaccharide trimming or phosphorylation could cause the different a7 subunit pI values.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7602, "input_1": "…and complex nature, the PCM model with RB3LYP or RHF method has been used to simplify the optimization of some compounds in the GAUSSIAN 98 program (Becke, 1992a, 1992b, 1993, 1996; Foresman & Frisch, 1996; Frisch & Foresman, 1998; Hehre et al., 1986; Larid, Ross, & Ziegler, 1996; Miertus &…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7603, "input_1": "Match kernels defined over various pixel attributes provide a unified way to generate a rich, diverse visual feature set, which has been shown to be very successful to boost recognition accuracy [6].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7604, "input_1": "Amyloid-b peptides were reported to enhance vasoconstriction, reduce cerebral blood flow and\nimpair both functional hyperaemia and cerebral autoregulation in mice transgenic for mutant human amyloid-b precursor protein (APP) (Niwa et al., 2001, 2002a, b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7605, "input_1": "exposed to an electric field, rapidly fixed as described (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000), then labeled with FLDHP, showed intense and localized labeling of the lamellipodium (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7606, "input_1": "RBPs contain one or several characteristic RNA-binding motifs that specifically interact with RNA [5,9–11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7607, "input_1": "Sequence identities were determined by pairwise alignment with the European Bioinformatics Institute¢s EMBOSS (www.ebi.ac.uk) application using the Needleman andWunsch algorithm (Needleman and Wunsch, 1970).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7608, "input_1": "Given that evaluation of maize RSA directly in the soil is difficult, RSA characterization is usually performed with seedlings grown in paper rolls, in hydroponic systems or on gelbased plates (Liu et al. 2008; Hund et al. 2009a, b; Kaeppler et al. 2000; Tuberosa et al. 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7609, "input_1": "The results of the present study, in combination with previously reported studies [Tao et al., 1996], indicate that a low level of persistent lytic infection due to EBV may occur in the nasal mucosa.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7610, "input_1": "This is interesting in relation to the result from our previous CGH study (comparing the number of significantly hybridizing probes on the microarray) that showed high sequence divergence on the Z chromosome between the common whitethroat and the zebra finch [62]; and such patterns are also found in other species [48,51,69].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7611, "input_1": "…an enormous diversity of anamorphic fungi growing on rotten wood and dead branches in tropical forests of southern China, and several mycological investigations dealing with many new species collected in this region have recently been published (Yuan&Dai 2008; Zhang et al. 2009; Dai et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7612, "input_1": "In addition, as can be seen in the table, CLM which integrates a decay function outperforms the models, i.e. GLM and EQE, that do not use one.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7613, "input_1": "Then path curvatures were interpolated using the Loess local smoothing technique (Cleveland, 1979; Cleveland & Devlin, 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7614, "input_1": "Minimization weights w , which results in the flatness property of the weights, is intended for reducing overfitting of the data and minimization of bad generalization effects [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7615, "input_1": "This process is controlled not only by the protein-coding segments of the genome but also by non-coding regions, including loci that produce small RNAs (Grivna et al., 2006; He et al., 2009; Thomson and Lin, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7616, "input_1": "Anandarajah and Hight [10] note that spiritual distress occurs when a person is “unable to find sources of meaning, hope, love, peace, * Correspondence: joaopaulocsolano@uol.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7617, "input_1": "In addition, the Manual Ability Measure (MAM-16) [35] and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory [36] were completed by both patients and controls.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7618, "input_1": "Immediately after the capture of an image, we took a second photograph of the color standard placed in the same location and photographed under the same lighting as the subjects (i.e., the “sequential method”: Higham 2006; Bergman and Beehner 2008; Dubuc et al. 2009; Stevens et al. 2009; Higham et al. 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7619, "input_1": "In order to look for coupling between foetal and maternal heart rate, we used a model-based approach that follows the idea of the Granger (1969) causality.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7620, "input_1": "It was related for females of Bitis nasicornis (Marsh and Glatston, 1974), Crotalus adamanteus (Mebs and Kornalik, 1984), and Calloselasma rhodostoma (Daltry et al., 1996a, b) the production of an extra venom component that is absent from conspecific males analyzed by electrophoretic profiles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7621, "input_1": "…first discovered, were thought to function as appetite promoters (Sakurai et al., 1998), and it was then found that their impaired system initiates narcoleptic symptoms (Chemelli et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999; Mieda and Yanagisawa, 2002; Sutcliffe and de Lecea, 2002; Sakurai, 2005; Nishino, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7622, "input_1": "Specifically, Irgm3 was shown to localize to LDs in IFNc-treated dendritic cells [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7623, "input_1": "On the other hand, there are research works on the design of graph-based routing algorithms [3], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23] to deal with the void problem.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7624, "input_1": "Furthermore, a frame-by-frame examination of the corneal reflection of the stimuli recorded on the videotapes (Pascalis and Bachevalier, 1999) was used to quantify two parameters: (1) the total retention time defined as the actual amount of time spent fixating the stimuli during the two 5 sec Figure 1. Coronal sections through the hippocampal formation depicting the intended damage (left), shown in gray, and actual damage in cases H-1 and H-2 with neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampal formation, shown in black. The numerals on the left of each coronal section of the intended lesions indicate the distance in millimeters from the interaural plane. The asterisks point to unintended damage to adjacent structures. amt, Anterior middle temporal sulcus; ERh, entorhinal cortex; pmt, posterior middle temporal sulcus; rh, rhinal sulcus; ot, occipitotemporal sulcus; sts, superior temporal sulcus; TE, TEO, TH and TF, cytoarchitectonic fields described by von Bonin and Bailey (1947). Nemanic et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7625, "input_1": "Extensive research has been reported by the Algae Research Laboratory of the University of Malaya on this species including its genetic diversity (Sim et al. 2007; Yow et al. 2011, 2013), proteomics (Wong et al. 2006), functional genomics (Chan et al. 2004; Song et al. 2013), transcriptomics (Teo…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7626, "input_1": "S1P also regulated ERK activity in several types of the cells including smooth muscle cells (Pyne et al., 1996) and osteoblasts (Kozawa et al., 1997) in addition to 3T3 fibroblasts (Wu et al., 1995; Blakesley et al., 1997; Rani et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7627, "input_1": "Surface air temperature data for summer (SSAT) and winter (WSAT), to the nearest 0.1 °C, was collected using the WorldClim database (Hijmans et al., 2005) at every degree of latitude.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7628, "input_1": "*** p < 0.0001.\nphospholipid degradation following tissue damage such as an ischemic brain insult (Horrocks et al., 1981).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7629, "input_1": "In addition, we have analysed the activity of JEV NS2B(H)-NS3pro by using a tetrabasic internally quenched fluorescent peptide, Abz-(R)4SAGnY-amide, originally described for the DEN NS3 serine protease [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7630, "input_1": "The MCQ generates three indices of discounting for small, medium, and large rewards, which are highly correlated (MacKillop et al. 2010), but only the small and large reward magnitude items were used in this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7631, "input_1": "The DlasR rhlR mutant of the Iglewski PAO1 strain was generated using the same knock-out systems as for strain PAO0001 (Beatson et al., 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7632, "input_1": "5 An example of outcomes using the patient-specific MACTAR patient preference disability questionnaire in patients undergoing THA is shown [8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7633, "input_1": "Endothelial cell cultures and capillary tubeswere generated as previously described (5, 11).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7634, "input_1": "Otherwise numerous CCK2 agonists, including Boc– CCK-4, BC197 (Derrien et al. 1994; Ladurelle et al. 1997) and compound 1 (Boc-Trp-NMeNle-Asp-Phe-NH2, I. Léna, personal communication), exert a “CCK2A” pharmacological profile, essentially characterised by anxiogenic properties.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7635, "input_1": "After the LMTU of MG and Sol data were resampled at 100 Hz, the length changes of TT were calculated by subtracting the horizontal length component of the identified MG and Sol fascicle from the LMTU (7, 12, 13, 20):\nLTT LMTU Lfa cos\nwhere LTT is the TT length, and is the angle between the fascicle line and the aponeurosis (pennation angle).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7636, "input_1": "20] In addition, several lines of evidence indicate that NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, have the ability to activate PPARγ receptors in several cell types and tissues.([21-23]) Here, we confirm that ibuprofen inhibits proliferation and report for the first time that ibuprofen inhibits migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs), and that this correlates with the induction of a differentiated phenotype in these cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7637, "input_1": "LVEF was calculated using the Simpson’s biplane method of discs according to current recommendations.(5) LV mass was calculated according Devereux et al, and indexed for body surface area.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7638, "input_1": "…in GABAergic neuronal specification in the CNS. Intuitively, feedforward loops should maintain levels ad infinitum, and this is indeed the case for Pit-1 in the pituitary, Barhl1 in the inner ear and CNS, and Ptf1a in the pancreas (Chen et al., 1990; Chellappa et al., 2008; Masui et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7639, "input_1": "from the roots, and play an essential role in acquiring sparingly soluble Fe in the rhizosphere (Herbik et al. 1999; Higuchi et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7640, "input_1": "The findings of this study support the results of a previous, unpublished study in which patients were found to have hopes for a cure, symptom relief, information, and understanding.(11) In this study, the impact of patients’ problems on their ability to live normal lives and carry out routine daily activities is evident.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7641, "input_1": "Hippocampal neurogenesis, which is linked to healthy cognition, declines with age across mammalian species (Kuhn et al., 1996; Eriksson et al., 1998; Cameron and McKay, 1999; Gould et al., 1999b; Bizon et al., 2004; Siwak-Tapp et al., 2007; Dupret et al., 2008; Hattiangady and Shetty, 2008; Aizawa…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7642, "input_1": "Positive for two or more HEV markers or HEV RNA only 220 (27) 66 (8) 216 (26) 26 (3)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7643, "input_1": "In RIP-IL-12 mice, the expression of the chemokine genes Ccl5 and Cxcl10 was upregulated [48].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7644, "input_1": "Once in aquatic environments, inorganic Hg is microbiologically transformed to MeHg (Anderson et al. 2004; Zahir et al. 2005), making it more prone to biomagnification (Zahir et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7645, "input_1": "Groups (LHS, RHS, CON) did not differ regarding age or handedness as assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire [16] (MANOVA, n.s.).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7646, "input_1": "Oxytocin is famous for its pleiotropic activities including induction of labor and influences on social behaviors [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7647, "input_1": "In general, accumulated evidence supports a neuroprotective role of eCBs in seizures/epilepsy/excitotoxicity (Blair et al., 2006; Deshpande et al., 2007a; Guggenhuber et al., 2010; Monory et al., 2006; Wallace et al., 2003; Zogopoulos et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7648, "input_1": "Usually PUVA is between 90° and 100° [31], however, in our study, the results showed that PUVA in SUI patients was higher than healthy women no matter at resting state or increased abdominal pressure state, indicating that the urethra of patients showed shortening trend which was consistent with the morphological change of urethra at early stage of urination.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7649, "input_1": "The communication difficulties were also a result of unfamiliar dialects, and problems related to talking with the elderly and reading and writing in kanji were also reported in another study (Alam & Wulansari, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7650, "input_1": "The ability of estrogens to modulate the expression of neuroprotective agents, namely the potent dopaminergic survival factor, GDNF, has been proven in both midbrain and hypothalamic cultures [10, 26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7651, "input_1": "Anti-jamming coding has been studied in Reference [5], where the cognitive radio system is modeled as many parallel subchannels [6] through which the secondary user sends its data.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7652, "input_1": "The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R; Lord et al. 1994), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-G, Module 3 (ADOS-G; Lord et al. 2000)/Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition, Module 3 (ADOS-2; Lord et al. 2012), and clinical judgment were used to establish ASD diagnoses.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7653, "input_1": "…is because the mechanical and the sonographic parameters impose fundamental limitations and, hence, upper bounds on the quality of the strain estimates (Varghese and Ophir 1997), but the signal-processing parameters can be adjusted to obtain some, but not all, of these upper bounds simultaneously.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7654, "input_1": "The National Center for Atmospheric Research Land Surface Model (LSM version 1.0) provides a comprehensive treatment of land surface processes for the CCM3 (Bonan, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7655, "input_1": "The inflection pressure of SA2 is 24 GPa lower than that of SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and 17 GPa lower than that of MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7656, "input_1": ", 2005) and after didactic workshop training (mean d = −0.55; Baer et al., 2004; Miller et al., 2004; Moyers et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7657, "input_1": "secondary hydrocephalus, presumably by dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system (and consequent decrease in dopamine) induced by hydrocephalus [27] or by direct compression of the rostral midbrain by the expanding third or fourth ventricles [3, 13, 40].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7658, "input_1": "These results are intriguing because they run counter to previous reports of\n the influence of HRT on response to SSRIs in depression (Schneider et al., 1997; Amsterdam et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7659, "input_1": "Similar results were observed by dos Santos et al. (2016), who did not find any improvements in rMP between plant height and kernel weight usingmultivariatemodels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7660, "input_1": "In addition, there may be differences in receptor expression patterns between different\n82\nstrains of mice and between mice and rats (Hajos and Freund, 2002; Hoffman et al., 2005; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7661, "input_1": "Given the abundance of fine ash particles in the volcanic plume, it is thought that cloud condensation nuclei are readily available (Woods 1993; Williams and McNutt 2005; Durant et al. 2008) and the model assumes condensation occurs immediately once the gaseous phase becomes saturated with respect…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7662, "input_1": "This result is in line with the high and ubiquitous genetic variation previously detected for this\nmoss (Spagnuolo et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7663, "input_1": "An immature (or mature) zygotic embryo is also an alternative choice of explant for the genetic transformation (Ducrocq et al., 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7664, "input_1": "We implemented our approach in a tool called Shadow, which is built on top of the KLEE symbolic execution engine [5] and uses the concolic execution functionality from the ZESTI extension [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7665, "input_1": ", reaction times) for each type of wordsentence pair (Amir et al. 2012; Beard and Amir 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7666, "input_1": "Fatemi and Greenleaf [3,4] demonstrated that in response, the region emits low-frequency longitudinal waves that depend on the radiation force and the mechanical properties of the medium.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7667, "input_1": "Various pretreatment techniques, such as hot water (Kim et al., 2008b), dilute acid (Lloyd and Wyman, 2005), lime (Kim and Holtzapple, 2005), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) (Teymouri et al., 2005), ammonia recycle percolation (Kim and Lee, 2005) have been investigated thoroughly.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7668, "input_1": "GLS Feeding\np-OHB GLS was extracted from seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba) (SeedCom) as previously described (Thies, 1979; Zrybko et al., 1997).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7669, "input_1": "The analysis computed is based on the Error Vector Magnitude to check the performance of the optical OFDM system. is mostly measured by Vector Signal Analyzers (VSAs), Real Time Oscilloscopes (RTOs) measuring instruments, capturing real time data and performing frequency domain analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) [9].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7670, "input_1": "A significant difference in methylation between earlypassage and late-passage MSCs has also recently been reported (Bork et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7671, "input_1": "For example, one splice variant results in lIMnebulette, also called lasp-2 (Katoh and Katoh 2003). the MB-associated NEBL snP rs11012461 is located within intron 3 of the Lasp-2 portion of NEBL.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7672, "input_1": "Stansted, UK) for light and electron microscopy and paraffin blocks for immunohistology, as previously described [24, 25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7673, "input_1": "These results are higher than the percentages obtained by other studies such as 18.3% by Konuma et al. (1988), 28% by Schlegelova et al. (2003) and 30.85% by Tewari et al. (2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7674, "input_1": "However, by 3 days of UUO, renal AT1 and AT2 receptor expression is not different from that of the intact kidney, whereas by 28 days of UUO, AT1 receptor mRNA and binding have increased compared with the intact kidney (48).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7675, "input_1": "As stated earlier, GABAB(1a) and GABAB(1b) are the most abundantly expressed variants of the GABAB(1) subunit (Kaupmann et al. 1997), both of which form functional heterodimers with the GABAB(2) subunit (Benke et al. 1999; Kaupmann et al. 1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7676, "input_1": "Failure to restart telomeric replication forks, due to Ctc1 loss, has been shown to lead to an increase in fragile telomeres, stochastic and accelerated telomere attrition, an increase in single-strand G-rich telomeric DNA, and a dramatically shortened replicative potential (Gu et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7677, "input_1": "…knowledge base\nKBP knowledge base population\nKG knowledge graph\nLSA latent semantic analysis\nLOD linked open data\nLP50 50 documents dataset from Lee et al. (2005)\nLTR learning-to-rank\nMRF Markov random field\nNLP natural language processing\nOIE open information extraction\nPOS…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7678, "input_1": "0 and varimax rotation of the first three components produced the same scales as previous studies [18, 20].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7679, "input_1": "is more dialectical and better able to accommodate coexisting opposites (variety effect and overload effect in our case) (Nisbett et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7680, "input_1": "Testosterone supplementation was able to reduce abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio, and to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in men with hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (6,8,53,54).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7681, "input_1": "The follow-up questionnaire focused on self-reported adherence to ART (as measured by a modified AACTG questionnaire [23]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7682, "input_1": "Our results are supported by findings from recent studies which showed no statistical differences in long term survival [5, 7, 9, 10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7683, "input_1": "The function generating the judgment criterion y included two multiplicative combinations of the cues x1,..., x4:\n y = 4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 + 2x1x2x3 + x2x3x4\n 8.5 (1)\n We used the same items in the judgment task as in previous studies (Hoffmann et al., 2014, 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7684, "input_1": "Climate 15 change alters global meteorological processes such as atmospheric circulation and precipitation (Seneviratne et al., 2006; IPCC 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7685, "input_1": "Promoter and coding regions of MDR pump genes having increased expression relative to parent strains were amplified by PCR and then sequenced in both directions using an automated method by the Applied Genomics and Technology Center, Wayne State University (Sanger et al., 1977).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7686, "input_1": "This result is an improvement on the previous bounds on k established by Addario-Berry et al. (2007), Addario-Berry et al. (2008), and Wang and Yu (2008), who obtained the bounds k = 30, k = 16, and k = 13, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7687, "input_1": "The OCD individuals were diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID-I) (First et al. 1996) and OCD symptom severity was assessed using the “The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale” (YBOCS) (Goodman et al. 1989).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7688, "input_1": "MSH3 mutations are rarely seen in HNPCC/LS, although frame-shifts at repeat sequences within the gene are frequently detected in MSI positive CRCs [2,52,53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7689, "input_1": "We refer those readers to the literature that tests and confirms the reliability of retrospective data in general (Berney and Blane 1997; Koenig et al. 2009), and retrospective smoking data in particular (Brigham et al. 2010; Kenkel et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7690, "input_1": "For X-ChIP, we found that muscle chromatin shearing was optimal when the tissue was fixed for 5 min in 1% FA and chromatin was sonicated for 15 min, resulting in DNA fragments ranging from 100 to 600 bp as described previously [6, 28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7691, "input_1": "These study areas have all been managed in the same way for multiple generations (from the onset of farming in the area) and are dominated by indigenous vegetation (Little et al. 2013), they have also only been utilized as livestock farms (the region is not suitable for 1446 Biodivers Conserv (2015) 24:1443–1471", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7692, "input_1": "3 x 10 s ; Figure 2E), probably because of the high valency of FLNA(16-23) (bearing repeats 19, 21 and 23, which bind ICL3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7693, "input_1": "We are also extending our work to semantic interoperability in the healthcare domain (Sonsilphong & Arch-int, 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7694, "input_1": "In addition to the trophies and prizes, HBC members gain ‘ball status’ by moving up the ball status hierarchy, comprised of Statement, Star, Legend, and, ultimately Icon statuses, which are based on the number of years in the community, number of awards or trophies amassed, recognition within a particular category, and the number of balls participated in through the years (Galindo, 2013; personal communication with POSSE CAB). Competition can also be heightened through the use of ‘shade’ – backhanded remarks offered by judges or other ball participants (Galindo, 2013). In addition to the formal HBC, there is an emergent ‘Kiki’ or family scene that parallels the House structure but does not maintain the formal relationships that are maintained within the Houses. For example, the families can be formed without a particular House parent and the names are not linked to designers or House founders (i.e. Mafia, Foxx, Golden, Kardashian) (Alonzo Gibson, personal communication 8/14/2015). The family scene emerged as an attempt to reject the perceived rigidity of the Ball scene for up and coming participants. In particular, families formed as an opportunity to provide a safe space where youth could practice ‘vogueing’ and other ball competition skills without experiencing the shade or ‘chopping’ (being cut from the category by judges) that occurs during the competitions. Family scene members may move into the Houses as they get more skilled but they may also remain independent of the Houses and still participate in the balls. This new scene provides new opportunities for youth to become involved in the Ball scene without necessarily belonging to a particular House. The HBC thrives, in part, by serving as an in-group for youth who are so frequently excluded from acceptance within more dominant groups (Rowan et al., 2013). Additionally, the HBC provides both the much-needed acceptance and support that they lack in other contexts, and a safe outlet for expression, camaraderie, and fun. Therefore, although the HBC is a...", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7695, "input_1": "mediated by cAMP/PKA signaling and therefore controlled by PDE4 activity (Nishi et al. 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7696, "input_1": "LiDAR data have high sampling density, and so the IDW approach is a suitable interpolator for DEM generation from LiDAR data (Liu et al., 2007b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7697, "input_1": "Indeed, this result is lower than that determined in our study, and may be due the inclusion of orthopedic, general, gynecologic and urologic cases in their study groups.(4,18) Warner et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7698, "input_1": "…regions of bean hypocotyls correlates with the expression levels found for the PRP2 transcript in soybean\nseedlings (Hong et al. 1989), in agreement with the similarity of p33/p36 with the protein deduced from the PRP2 cDNA sequence and their immunological relationship (García-Gómez et al. 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7699, "input_1": "© 2008 Molecular Vision\nSite-specific mutagenesis: Recombinant human WT αB-\ncrystallin or its deamidated constructs, previously generated by Gupta and Srivastava [32], were used in this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7700, "input_1": "In a previous study, it has been shown that the p22PHOX 242T allele may be associated with decreased NADPH oxidase activity in human blood vessels and therefore reduces susceptibility to coronary artery disease [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7701, "input_1": "The insulininduced increase in F2,6BP and heart PFK-2 activity occurs by the phosphorylation of the serine residues, Ser466 and Ser483 (33).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7702, "input_1": "” Another study conducted in Chile with 354 patients with renal disease receiving chronic hemodialysis showed similar results.(7) The same happened with albumin, which was correlated with “physical functioning”, indicating better physical functioning for those with the highest level of albumin.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7703, "input_1": "Further, this similar profile has been described for aMCI patients with a higher risk of conversion to AD (Auriacombe et al., 2010; Grober, Lipton, Hall, & Crystal, 2000; Petersen, 2007; Sarazin et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7704, "input_1": "DOI: 10.7554/eLife.08828 14 of 27\nmitochondria (Friedman et al., 2011; Murley et al., 2013), with the ER providing a platform for actin polymerization mediated by the ER-anchored formin INF2 (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7705, "input_1": "The data set ICE big has been the subject of an earlier extended computational study ([11]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7706, "input_1": "Surface fluorescence measurements using a 340-to-380-nm excitation fluorescence ratio were used to estimate mitochondrial NADH as previously described (35).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7707, "input_1": "9 Matching between the bounding boxes computed by our video-based fish identification method [2] (in red) and the ones (in green) provided in the FishCLEF 31K dataset Multimed Tools Appl (2016) 75:1701–1720 1713", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7708, "input_1": "NG86, Nei and Gojobori (1986); Com95, Comeron (1995); Li93, Li (1993) and Pamilo and Bianchi (1993); LWL85, Li et al. (1985); Ina95, Ina (1995); Unc, no multiple substitution correction was used; JC69, Jukes and Cantor (1969); K80, Kimura (1980); TN84, Tajima and Nei (1984); T92, Tamura (1992);…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7709, "input_1": "The Framingham CAD risk scores (FCRS), and the relative and absolute risks of CAD, were calculated according to an algorithm based on a seven variables equation [30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7710, "input_1": ", 2011), expression necessary for the induction of a robust form of long-term hippocampal potentiation (Klein, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7711, "input_1": "However, a few studies reported that Brn4 and Oct6 interact not only with the octamer sequence but also with AT-rich sequences that lack the ATGC site recognized by POUS (15, 45, 66).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7712, "input_1": "The degree of replication strand bias was measured by the GC skew index (GCSI) [29,30].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7713, "input_1": "The non-photosynthetic strain CC-373 (Shepherd et al., 1979) has a deletion in the chloroplast atpB gene and was used to transform GUS reporter genes.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7714, "input_1": "Since an approximately constant number of sequences were sampled at all time points [13], we consider the normalized distribution of the distances at time t, i.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7715, "input_1": "According to previous data a better outcome with MMF has been demonstrated for non-Caucasian patients (Lee et al. 2010), with considering the fact that our patients were Caucasian, the present study results may put emphasis on the benefit and safety of long term use of MMF in Caucasian race.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7716, "input_1": "This remaining supernatant was then used to resuspend the hR vesicle pellet at a concentration of;0.1 mM. FTIR samples were made from these suspensions with slight modifications to previously published procedures (Braiman et al., 1987; Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7717, "input_1": "Participants were undergraduates who had been followed during their college career as part of a longitudinal cohort study (see Bonanno et al., 2004; Papa & Bonanno, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7718, "input_1": "This is in line with several fMRI studies that detected bilateral activation in participants with hemiplegia both in motor and sensory areas (Staudt et al. 2002; Guzzetta et al. 2007; Sutcliffe et al. 2009; You et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7719, "input_1": "Methodological issues are important in the assessment of [Ca(21)]i and [Mg(21)]i in fluorescent dye-loaded cells (18, 19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7720, "input_1": "One of these, GDC0449 [15,34,48], is currently in several phase I and phase II clinical trials for various types of cancers, including pancreatic cancer (trial ID: NCT01064622 and NCT00878163).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7721, "input_1": "Such states are general in different systems such as Inactive, Suspended, Active (also named/Started [45] or/Running [55]) and Completed [23] (see Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7722, "input_1": "obesity [15] given that low GLP-1 levels has been found to be an important risk factor for T2D [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7723, "input_1": "Royal blue light was also easier to filter from the dye emissions, which is particularly important in ratiometric experiments (25).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7724, "input_1": "interacting with inactive αvβ3 integrin in the membrane plane, Thy-1 controls the ECM effect [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7725, "input_1": "Of interest to motor control researchers are several more recent studies that were designed to examine inhibitory effect in the context of actual aiming/reaching movements to targets (e.g., Briand et al.2000; Welsh and Elliott, 2004b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7726, "input_1": "In schizophrenic patients, particularly those with recent psychotic exacerbations, psy-\nchotic symptoms are associated with dopaminergic hyperactivity (Abi-Dargham et al. 2000; Breier et al. 1997b; Laruelle et al. 1996, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7727, "input_1": "They implement a line-based algorithm that relies on the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) (Hirschberg, 1977).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7728, "input_1": "5 × 109 cells) in the presence of 100 mM potassium acetate (or 50 mM potassium acetate for the experiment in Figure 3D), as previously described (42,43), using a SPEX SamplePrep 6850 Freezer/Mill.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7729, "input_1": "Patients were also stratified (as best as possible) using the available ACSNSQIP variables into the VHWG defined grading system [3], Modified VHWG grading system [16], Ventral Hernia Risk Score (VHRS) [11] and National Nosocomial Infection Index (NNIS) [17] (Table 1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7730, "input_1": "These results accord well with Canivez and Watkins’s (2010) exploratory factor analysis of the WAIS-IV. That is, Canivez and Watkins reported that the VC, PR, WM, and PS group-level factors accounted for only 7.1%, 3.8%, 2.8%, and 5.3% of the total variance, respectively. Canivez and Watkins contended that the Wechsler (2008b) endorsed index scores should probably be considered of questionable clinical utility in applied settings, which is a contention reiterated here.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7731, "input_1": "These data, in agreement with our earlier work (33), support the hypothesis that the antitumor activity is related specifically to a-CbT and not to some unknown substances present with the purified natural toxin, and reinforced our prior results showing that a-CbT did not cause any cell death among A549-si-mRNA (a7-nAChR) cells (33), sustaining the postulation that its antitumoral activity passes through a7-nAChR inhibition.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7732, "input_1": "For the first calculation, the denominator used was the cumulative ART exposure among adult patients at the referring ART clinics over that period, based on monthly reports of total patients in care in each referring clinic at the end of each month [15].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7733, "input_1": "Collagen VI is produced in high quantities in skeletal muscle, where it is deposited very close to the surface of the myotubes (Marvulli et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7734, "input_1": "MtrF has been proposed either to shuttle antimicrobials to the pump for export or to help stabilize one or more components of the efflux pump (56, 57).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7735, "input_1": "Coordinative artefacts comprise a symbolic construct objectifying an integrated set of procedures and conventions stipulating the articulation of interdependent activities (Schmidt and Simone 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7736, "input_1": "The design approach is based on the Reactable [10] principles of a collaborative interface based on constructive building blocks with physical objects that trigger or modify sounds, and a lack of division of the interface into territories as a mechanism for promoting self-regulation of spaces [27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7737, "input_1": "In short, this procedure allows to subtract the average line-frequency contamination from the EMG signal without inducing a notch in the EMG power spectrum at 60Hz (see [11] for further details).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7738, "input_1": "In this context, the effect of induced substrates on microbial communities and TCE degradation have been studied (Fan and Scow 1993; Mu and Scow 1994; Fuller et al. 1995; Shih et al. 1996; Fries et al. 1997a, b; Mars et al. 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7739, "input_1": "The most commonly used configurations of K-wires for fixation are two parallel wires inserted through the lateral condyle across the fracture and continuing into the medial cortex, or two cross-wires, one inserted laterally and one through the medial condyle [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7740, "input_1": "The capacity to monitor error performance, as reflected in ERN/Ne amplitude, is thought to rely predominantly on intact ACC functioning (Botvinick et al., 2001; Carter et al., 1998; Gehring and Knight, 2000; Holroyd and Coles, 2002; Luu et al., 2000; Ullsperger and Von Cramon, 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7741, "input_1": "This contrasts with findings reported by Sarriot et al. (2004b) on a study of NGO project sustainability that 73% of interviewees (with extensive experience of working with or for health NGOs) disagreed with the statement that ‘[I]nterventions not supported by government structures are not…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7742, "input_1": "In this case, evaluation of MWE acquisition is performed implicitly through the measures traditionally used to evaluate the target application (Finlayson and Kulkarni 2011; Xu et al. 2010; Carpuat and Diab 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7743, "input_1": "…tool which provides enhanced capabilities for peptide sequencing directly from samples such as nervous tissues or even single cells of invertebrates, including those of insects (e.g., Yew et al., 2003; Billimoria et al., 2005; Neupert and Predel, 2005; Nachman et al., 2006; Wegener et al., 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7744, "input_1": "The extract has also been incorporated in a commercialized antidiabetic product in the United States [7]; and decoctions of the plant have been tested on human subjects [14].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7745, "input_1": "Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide, with a n-octanoylation indispensable for its biologic activity, originally isolated in the stomach as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) [1,2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7746, "input_1": "The self-report component measures interpretation bias through endorsement rates for negative and positive interpretations (Amir et al. 2012; Beard and Amir 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7747, "input_1": "whereas VTG levels in DBP-only treatments did not differ from the solvent control, confirming that DBP had no in vivo estrogenic activity, as reported previously [19,21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7748, "input_1": "pneumoniae from SMART in 2003, and 10% and 18% in 2004.(1,7) Other surveillance studies have also noted relatively high rates of ESBL-producing pathogens in Latin America.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7749, "input_1": "They are found on the outer surfaces of cell walls of hyphae and conidia, where they mediate interactions between the fungus and the environment and also between the fungus and host plant roots [34].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7750, "input_1": "ferent mutations in 10 SCA19/22 families have been published to date [4, 5, 8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7751, "input_1": "This is in consensus to other published results for various shoulder interventions [8, 11, 12, 18, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7752, "input_1": "Ag43 has been shown to play a role in autoaggregation and colony morphology of certain E. coli strains and may be implicated in cell adhesion and biofilm formation (Diderichsen, 1980; Owen et al., 1996; Henderson et al., 1997a; Hasman et al., 1999, 2000; Danese et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7753, "input_1": "The PIWI domain in both Ct-Piwi1 and Ct-Piwi2 is located near the 3’ end of the ORF, which is typical of piwi genes [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7754, "input_1": "…nervous system (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.), it is a direct measure of sympathetic activity that is relatively free of any influence of somatic symptoms (respiratory cycles or muscle tone) [Geer, 1966; Corah and Pantera, 1968; West et al., 1983; Jiménez, 1995; Lundgren et al., 2001].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7755, "input_1": "In another study in the NHS and HPFS (59), we found that lifestyle factors closely related to energy expenditure, such as physical activity and television watching, also interacted with the genetic obesity risk score in relation to BMI, and stronger genetic eff ects were observed in those with low physical activity or more hours of television watching.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7756, "input_1": "ms attributed to DRA [17], the remaining 59% of this flux would therefore be paracellular and passive.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7757, "input_1": "They comprised 136 strains isolated from clinical environments; 42 strains isolated from intertidal sand contaminated by Prestige’s crude oil [23]; 50 strains from our laboratory collection, which have been previously studied by multilocus sequence analysis, MLSA [6, 20, 22]; and strain PE, which was isolated from a bioreactor seeded with the commercial compound Putidoil®.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7758, "input_1": "This study provided further evidence that VTC is a sensitive measure of instability that may act as a control variable in\nthe regulation of upright standing posture (Slobounov et al. 1998; Van Wegen et al. 2001, 2002; Haibach et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7759, "input_1": "The degree of coronary stenosis was classified from 5 to 0 as follows: 5 for total occlusion, 4 for 75–99 % stenosis, 3 for 50–74 % stenosis, 2 for 25–49 % stenosis, 1 for up to 24 % stenosis, and 0 for no atherosclerosis [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7760, "input_1": "The known homologous proteins for this matrix were taken from the Database of Aligned Protein Structures (DAPS) (Murzin et al., 1995; Holm and Sander, 1996; Berman et al., 2000; Mallick et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7761, "input_1": "Its NMR data (Tables 1 and 2) also showed great similarity to those of AGI-B4 [7] except for a change in the chemical shift of H-2 (from δH 4.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7762, "input_1": "The vertical line marks the 6 kHz boundary that was arbitrarily set for manually distinguishing between flat and chevron syllables.\net al., 2008; Young et al., 2010; Wohr et al., 2011b) or stress level (Rupniak et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7763, "input_1": "This is consistent with previously reported results (Levinowitz et al., 1998; Rutkowski and Miller, 2003; Ilari and Habibi, 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7764, "input_1": "Microscopic evaluation of the brain of the US 2006 H-type BSE case was limited to the obex and complicated by freeze artifact, precluding a definitive microscopic interpretation [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7765, "input_1": "[30,31] using data from the ART Cohort Collaboration and considering new AIDS defining disease or death from any causes as a composite endpoint.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7766, "input_1": "Coronary flow rate was adjusted to achieve a mean coronary perfusion pressure of 110 mm Hg in hearts from aortic stenosis rats and 75 mm Hg in hearts from control rats, and was then held constant, achieving comparable myocardial perfusion rates per gram of LV tissue in all groups (8,10).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7767, "input_1": "We fit the LCJ, LCJc, and LCJsym to simulated data derived from each parameter configuration and LCJ decision rule, and to simulated data derived from one parameter configuration using the LCJc and LCJsym decision rules.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7768, "input_1": "By clustering with lowly aggressive close kin (King 1989a,b; Viblanc et al. 2010; Arnaud, Dobson & Murie 2012), breeding females may decrease the time/energy cost of maintaining territorial boundaries (Festa-Bianchet & Boag 1982; Murie & Harris 1988), which could ultimately lead to increases in net…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7769, "input_1": "We run our tracking method on 12 challenging video sequences from prior work [5, 6, 7, 3, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7770, "input_1": "…label, the amount of dye loss from the loaded vesicles was assessed by stimulating the endplates with 1 s trains of either 10 or 100 Hz, with 1 s alternating periods of rest, a pattern that approximates the way in which these junctions would be activated in vivo (Gorassini et al., 2000) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7771, "input_1": "23The fact that players with intermediating roles arise endogenously is in contrast with other models of intermediation, where intermediaries are exogenously assigned to their role, as for example in Rubinstein and Wolinsky (1987), and Blume et al. (2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7772, "input_1": "In comparison, the effect of Skp1 modification on culmination implied inhibition of Skp1 breakdown activity toward a hypothetical activator [10,11], and the effects on cyst formation (assessed morphologically) above suggested activation of breakdown activity toward an activator.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7773, "input_1": "DOI: 10.7554/eLife.08828 16 of 27\nthat normally induces dramatic mitochondrial fission (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7774, "input_1": "Our findings utilizing human materials are consistent with previous studies in murine FHF models in which the administration of anti-Fas antibody resulted in massive hepatocyte destruction (4).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7775, "input_1": "The system was tested on the 20Newsgroups data set [2] by employing the topic grouping suggested in [4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7776, "input_1": "Swi1-Swi3 are evolutionally conserved (Tof1-Csm3 in budding yeast and Tim1-Tipin in metazoan), and these proteins physically interact with Mrc1 (4, 13, 41, 45) and are known to be required for stabilization of stalled replication fork and induction of replication checkpoint (7, 31).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7777, "input_1": "Sessions were conducted at the same time of day for each participant after a 4-hr postprandial period during which no food was consumed, in accordance with previous studies including that of Carter et al. (2004). Participants were instructed to abstain from alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and exercise during the 24-hr period before each visit.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7778, "input_1": "The face database used for building the models was provided by the Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tuebingen, Germany [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7779, "input_1": "…2000; Wang et al. 2001; Boddaert et al. 2003; Ceponiene et al. 2003; Jansson-Verkasalo et al. 2003; Rapin and Dunn 2003; Rosenhall et al. 2003; Boddaert et al. 2004; Gervais et al. 2004; Kasai et al. 2005; Kujala et al. 2005; Lepisto et al. 2005, 2006; Korpilahti et al. 2006; Tharpe et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7780, "input_1": "Our results showed that the mean area of blastocysts that did implant and those that did not wasn’t statistically significant, in agreement with previous papers [28] suggesting that blastocysts of similar area have the same implantation potential.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7781, "input_1": "Similar discrepancies between PCR and culturing methods have been found by other authors (4,8,11) and may result from a low estimate of DNA in the CFU method from unculturable or slow-growing bacteria, nonviable cells, or free DNA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7782, "input_1": "Wood and Shepherd (2010), in particular, reported a selective decrease of excitatory input onto layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, with no change in inhibitory drive.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7783, "input_1": "For example, Kawato et al. (1990) suggested that movement trajectories can be projected using critical via-points through which the trajectory has to pass at a certain time, rather than in terms of the moment-by-moment dynamics of the implemented movement trajectory.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7784, "input_1": "Accordingly, time-to-contact measures may yield information about dynamic stability in balance (Patton et al. 1999; Van Wegen et al. 2001; 2002; Haibach et al. 2007) and serve as a ‘‘detector/predictor’’ of future instability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7785, "input_1": "However, the broad substrate specificity of the AtPLT5 and the unchanged phenotype of Atplt5-knock-out plants make it difficult to speculate on the physiological role of AtPLT5 (Klepek et al. 2005; Reinders et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7786, "input_1": "In agreement with other studies (Hakkola et al., 1994; McKinnon et al., 1991; RodriguezAntona et al., 2001; Schweikl et al., 1993), CYP1A2 mRNA expression was detectable in all samples, although it was below the limit of quantitation in two samples.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7787, "input_1": "We have previously shown that turkey livers possess orthologs to human P450 1A2 and 3A4 which efficiently bioactivate AFB1 to exo-AFBO (Rawal et al., 2010b, 2009; Klein et al., 2000; Yip and Coulombe, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7788, "input_1": "Moreover, recent findings in Drosophila suggest that the Y chromosome has an important role in male fitness and also contributes to adaptive phenotypic variation through a regulatory role of Y-linked polymorphic elements in gene expression (Lemos et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7789, "input_1": "The I-QoL is a 22-item measure of quality of life, specific to stress, urge and mixed incontinence [17, 18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7790, "input_1": "1% to 3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms, with an incidence of 1-20 per million and up to 30% of these are considered malignant [1,3,4].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7791, "input_1": ", 2009), this synteny was also observed in Salmo salar (Pendás et al., 1994), Oncorhynchus mykiss (Móran et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7792, "input_1": "Multi-kinase inhibitors including imatinib, which blocks RTKs such as c-Kit and PDGFR, have been used in sarcoma clinical trials with modest success [22].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7793, "input_1": "The viral VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 genes were amplified with primer sets Con3/Con2, JRG7/JRG8 or GEN-VP6F/GEN-VP6R, Beg9-End9 and JRG30/JRG31, respectively (Gouvea et al., 1990; Gentsch et al., 1992; Matthijnssens et al., 2006; Esona et al.; 2009; Mijatovic-Rustempasic et al., 2011), and subjected to direct sequencing using the same PCR primers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7794, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with other studies which reported the presence of plasticizer residues in water stored in bottles [10,12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7795, "input_1": "Bayesian (e.g., Brown, Fearn, and Haque 1999; Daniels and Kass 2001) and minimax approaches (Dey and Srinivasan 1985) have been proposed to regularize ̂ by shrinking sample eigenvalues.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7796, "input_1": "b) The average volume-weighted mean glandular volume (VV gl) was performed using the point sampled intercept method [34], that estimates the volume, giving greater chance of volume estimation to structures of greater size.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7797, "input_1": "We included the latter criterion to mitigate negative responses to questions regarding TB symptoms from women who had just learned their HIV test results [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7798, "input_1": "…and glucose and then were tested, within 10 min of their collection , (a) with the modified Griess nitrite method (Cruickshank & Moyes, 1914; Smith et al., 1961; Smith & Schmidt, 1962), (b) with the glucose consumption detecting test (Scherst6n & Fritz, 1967; Schersten, Fritz & Kohler, 1967).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7799, "input_1": "Delta Ct values were calculated by subtracting themean Ct of each discriminating gene triplicate from the geometric mean of the three endogenous control genes’ mean Ct values [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7800, "input_1": "…report a lack of significant differences between organically and conventionally grown food in terms of safety and nutritional value, suggesting that crops and livestock products produced in both farming systems are comparable with regard to their nutrient content (Smith-Spangler et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7801, "input_1": "We evaluate our method over both real and synthetic RDF datasets, and compare our approach with the state-of-the-art distributed RDF systems, including a cloud-based approach (EAGRE [48]), two partition-based approaches (GraphPartition [22] and TripleGroup [28]), two memory-based systems (TriAD [18] and Trinity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7802, "input_1": "We hypothesize that our observations can be explained by the fact that inactivated X chromosomes can be reactivated as the result of ageing and decreased levels of 5-methyldeoxycytidine (Wareham et al 1987; Wilson et al 1987).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7803, "input_1": "It has an amino acid sequence close to that of the galanin receptor family (40% identity), although it does not bind either galanin or galanin-like peptide (Lee et al., 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7804, "input_1": "2012) and Korean (Jeong et al. 2013) herpetofauna and the formation of the “Cold Code” consortium (Murphy et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7805, "input_1": "…to road (Fortin et al. 2005), habitat diversity (Boyce, Mao & Merrill 2003), habitat openness (e.g. Creel & Winnie 2005; Proffitt et al. 2009), snowpack and elk density (e.g. Gower et al. 2009; Proffitt et al. 2015), and predation risk from wolves (e.g. Creel & Winnie 2005; Gower et al. 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7806, "input_1": "For example, the novel PKCε and PKCδ isoforms were shown to mediate the inhibitory effect of phorbol ester PMA and serotonin on Cl−/OH− exchange, respectively [24, 38], in Caco2 cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7807, "input_1": "We assessed participants’ dehumanization of Arabs by using the Ascent scale of blatant dehumanization (Kteily et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7808, "input_1": "We observed a monotonically decreased mean activation in node 1 with higher hyperactivity, providing no evidence for a U-shaped model between hyperactivity and BOLD response (20) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7809, "input_1": "There are multiple techniques for identifying protein coding genes that are involved in cancer because mutations that occur in protein coding genes can result in missense mutations, and methods have been developed for identifying which of these mutations are drivers as opposed to simply passengers (Carter et al., 2009; Kaminker et al., 2007; Youn & Simon, 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7810, "input_1": "This result is consistent with previous studies conducted with nonspecific and specific inhibitors of cysteine proteases (34, 35).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7811, "input_1": "General symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS; Hamilton, 1959) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960), administered by IEs in accordance with the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale (SIGH-A and SIGH-D, respectively; Shear, Vander Bilt, & Rucci, 2001; Williams, 1988), and the self-report Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck, Epstein, Brown,& Steer, 1988; Beck& Steer, 1990; Steer, Ranieri, Beck, & Clark, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7812, "input_1": "In addition, these vaccines may also prevent or reduce transmission of pathogens by reducing tick populations and/or affecting tick vector capacity (de la Fuente et al. 1998, 2007a; Rodríguez Valle et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7813, "input_1": "The APP response has been observed in common pig infections (Grau-Roma et al., 2009; Pomorska-Mól et al., 2011a, b) but it is not known whether infection with H1N2 swine influenza virus (SIV) also induces an APP response.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7814, "input_1": "1994; Fora et al. 1996). During the final third of gestation in fetal sheep, Fora et al. (Fora et al. 1996) reported that ovine fetal anterior pituitary cells exhibit a progressive decline in ACTH1–39 release in response to CRH, while AVP-induced ACTH release increases. This is supported by the findings of Lu et al., (1994) that CRH binding sites in the anterior pituitary declined during late gestation in the ovine fetus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7815, "input_1": "Both approaches can be applied in a blind manner [3, 7] or by using training symbols [1].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7816, "input_1": "Other proteins, including synaptotagmin (Matthew et al., 1981) and SV2 (Buckley and Kelly, 1985; Bajjalieh et al., 1992), are components of both small clear synaptic vesicles and large, dense-core\nvesicles (Kelly, 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7817, "input_1": "There are some large case series that have reported a low risk of stroke after AF ablation.(39) Although the stroke rate is low in", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7818, "input_1": "The drift was removed because it would produce exaggerated standard deviation (SD) of force values not representative of the fluctuations of interest (39,46).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7819, "input_1": "Recent work has shown that opportunistic routing is an efficient way to achieve low-latency yet energy-efficient data collection in WSN [24, 26, 38].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7820, "input_1": "We also apply attribute selection and select the most informative 2,000 terms using Information Gain as described in Altınel et al. (2013, 2014a, 2014b), Ganiz et al., 2009, (2011) and Poyraz et al. (2012, 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7821, "input_1": "Induction of the complement cascade in the brain, particularly in myeloid-derived cells such as microglia/monocytes, has been shown to be a potentially damaging event in aging and disease [28,29,30,31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7822, "input_1": "The late Pleistocene encompassed several Croll–Milankovitch climate cycles that would be expected to produce deep phylogeographic structure in marine species (Avise, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7823, "input_1": "However, in humans, MMAIII/V and DMAIII/V are the most relevant metabolites (Cohen et al., 2006; Tapio and Grosche, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7824, "input_1": "Cardiac manifestations include atrial or ventricular tachycardia, premature contractions, a prolonged QT interval and torsades de pointes [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7825, "input_1": "The procedures used to evaluate the incidence of fractures are described in detail in the original reports [9, 10, 13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7826, "input_1": "As Caldwell and Nittrouer (2013) note, voicing contrasts for consonants may be relatively more resistant to hearing loss than other phonemic distinctions, a fact that has likely contributed to the results we found regarding how well bilingual children with CIs were able to match their peers’ productions when it came to initial stop voicing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7827, "input_1": "In many species, rhythmic movements have been proved to be the output of dedicated neural circuitries, the Central Pattern Generator(s) (CPGs1) (Marder, 2000; Marder and Bucher, 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7828, "input_1": "Despite its abundance in soil, inorganic P (Pi) is least bioavailable for plant uptake due to adsorption, precipitation and conversion to organic forms (Rengel and Marschner 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7829, "input_1": "We choose a well-studied parallel task scheduling of DAG, DLS (Dynamic Level Scheduling)([33]), as a baseline in our experiments.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7830, "input_1": "This article aims to identify the putative mechanisms governing changes of activity observed in thalamic cells after cortical inactivation based on earlier experiments and suggested network topologies with special reference to our previous work (Waleszczyk et al. 2005) as one of the few studies investigating the effect of the cortex inactivation on both excitatory and inhibitory cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7831, "input_1": "The United States National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) has reported an encouraging 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality with low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7832, "input_1": "The average value of observed heterozygosity in this study is close to that obtained by Yamamoto et al. (2003) at 0.5, and is also congruent with results using isoenzymes (Huang et al. 1994; Pereira-Lorenzo et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7833, "input_1": "In this experiment, we tested whether lexical competition as reflected in the Gender Number interaction is restricted to freestanding morphemes, as suggested by Schiller and Caramazza (2003), or whether it also occurs for bound morphemes like adjective inflections, as suggested by the results of Schriefers (1993). Participants produced noun phrases consisting of an adjective with a bound gender-marked suffix (exhibiting the same distributional properties over gender classes and number, singular vs.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7834, "input_1": "…human health [Dockery et al., 1993; Krewski et al., 2003] and visibility [Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006] and can also influence Earth’s energy balance either directly [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007] or through the modification of cloud properties [Twomey, 1977; Albrecht, 1989].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7835, "input_1": "One study addressed elevated serum cortisol [28], and another reported significant changes in female hormones and leptin [30] during fasting.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7836, "input_1": "This compares favourably with results reported previously in those treated with open reduction and internal fixation [1, 13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7837, "input_1": "The c-met protooncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been identified as a receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) [77].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7838, "input_1": "The action of this saline on VSMN spike rate, membrane resistance, and premotor activity was discussed in a previous report (Krans and Chapple 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7839, "input_1": "PED protein has also been found to be overexpressed in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and fibroblasts from type 2 diabetic individuals (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7840, "input_1": "…(1997) model gave us new, logically coherent, but largely ungrounded explanations for describing a previously-identified pattern of change, while Orlikowski (1996) gave us new, grounded, but as yet logically uncertain explanations for both identified and (at that point) unidentified patterns…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7841, "input_1": "Axelsson et al. (2012) and Auton et al. (2013) obtained estimates of Ne for dogs that differed 4-fold, and Freedman et al. (2014) detected very large changes in effective population size since the time of domestication and in different wolf lineages.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7842, "input_1": "All four infants had multi-organ dysfunction syndrome [3]; their underlying diagnoses were complex congenital heart disease (two infants), left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, respectively.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7843, "input_1": "Following previous studies [18], for the purposes of these analyses patients were combined regardless of treatment group assignment in the clinical trial.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7844, "input_1": "The role of receptor phosphorylation and β-arrestin binding in the internalization of M2 AChR and other muscarinic receptor subtypes remains controversial [66].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7845, "input_1": "across different stages of their life cycle and thus have been proposed as possible causes of jellyfish blooms (Richardson et al., 2009; Dong et al., 2010; Purcell, 2012; Duarte et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7846, "input_1": "Given that Pro is one of the low-molecular organic osmolytes, Pro accumulation is frequently considered an evaluating parameter for the osmotic adjustment capability of plants under salt stress (Verbruggen and Hermans 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7847, "input_1": "This last observation is in line with another study that showed that the number and size of polyps influence test accuracy for detection of advanced adenomas [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7848, "input_1": "An ideal day for scheduling OPU was defined by the administration of hCG on the day when at least three follicles reached the size of 17 mm, or with one day of delay (protocol charts 0 and +1), regardless of the type of protocol used, as supported by previous reports (3,9).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7849, "input_1": "HPLC-UV methods which use PP and LLE as pretreatments were developed to determine baicalin and baicalein in rat and human urine samples (Lai et al., 2003a, b; Di et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2006; Gao et al., 2007; Zeng et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7850, "input_1": "The main parameter in muddy, shallow water environments, where food-supply is much higher than in the deep-sea, is the availability of oxygen [van der Zwaan et al., 1999; Jorissen et al., 2007].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7851, "input_1": "In humans, this phenomenon is manifested in reduced motivation for work, friends, family, and monetary gain (e.g., Goldstein et al., 2006, 2008; Jones, Casswell, & Zhang, 1995; Nair et al., 1997; SantolariaFernandez et al., 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7852, "input_1": "Respectively 93% and 52% of the athletes could return to sports activities at the pre-injury level at an average of 5 to 6 months [1, 2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7853, "input_1": "In addition, because liver can be effectively targeted by in vivo delivery of short RNAs, it represents a good model for the development of anticancer miRNA-based approaches of gene therapy as previously reported for other liver diseases (48, 49).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7854, "input_1": "…out using 20 ml of the following medium DY in a 22-mm-diameter test tube: 1 g of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1 g of yeast extract, 2 g of (NH4)2HPO4, 0.5 g of MgSO4·7H2O, 5 ml of metal solution (Uchida et al. 2003), and 5 ml of vitamin mixture (Yoshida et al. 2004a) in 1 l of tap water, pH 7.0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7855, "input_1": "Up to 40–80% of human breast cancers exhibit decreased expression of Brca1 or increased activation of Akt1 (Thompson et al., 1995; Sun et al., 2001; Narod and Foulkes, 2004; Wickenden and Watson, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7856, "input_1": ", verbal fluency) (Benton and Hamsher 1976), Letter-Number Sequencing of the WAIS-III (Wechsler 1997), Trail Making Test (Bondy 1994; Tombaugh 2004), and Odd Man Out (Flowers and Robertson 1985) tests.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7857, "input_1": "A now-classic finding is the bias toward local-level details in Navon Hierarchical Figures (alphabetic letters drawn using smaller alphabetic characters) in individuals with ASD (i.e. Koldewyn et al. 2013; Rinehart et al. 2000; Wang et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7858, "input_1": "…to be consistent with the assumptions of several authors who suggest that ambivalence may be a normal aspect of the change process (Mahoney, 2003; Messer, 2002; Neimeyer, 1995), which is probably associated with clients’ self-protection regarding the anxiety of changing familiar ways of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7859, "input_1": "For recently infected subjects (n = 34) the time of seroconversion was estimated by Fiebig stage assignment as described elsewhere [43,45].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7860, "input_1": "Our reasons for choosing this VHC were (1) the valve design with baffling to improve drug delivery, (2) the visual indication of inspiration and face mask seal via the Flow-VU indicator, (3) the charge-dissipative polymer, and (4) the availability and design of various sizes of mask.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7861, "input_1": "For phylogenetic analyses, the obtained sequences were assembled to a reference set containing sequence information of 180 species of cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika (Boileau et al., 2015; Meyer et al., 2015) using CODONCODE ALIGNER.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7862, "input_1": "We ran each inference procedure for 20,000 steps of stochastic gradient ascent updates, using Adam (Kingma & Ba, 2015) to adjust the learning rates at each step.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7863, "input_1": "Phosphoproteomic studies of Arabidopsis plasma membrane proteins (Nühse et al., 2004) indicate that at least two PHT1 transporters (PHT1;1 and PHT1;4) are phosphorylated (for PHT1;1 modification affect Ser-520).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7864, "input_1": "An increase in number of nAChRs at neuronal surfaces after prolonged nicotine exposure is probably mediated by several posttranslational mechanisms (Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012a; Govind et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7865, "input_1": "Consistent with Hojat et al. (2002a), medical students in the intervention group in this study were given higher OSCE ratings overall by the tutor.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7866, "input_1": "Direct segments [46, 113] extend standard paging with a large segment to map the majority of an address space to a contiguous physical memory region, but require application modifications and are limited to workloads able to a single large segment.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7867, "input_1": "In this paper, we use the wavelet based denoising filter as described in our prior work [1, 7, 10, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7868, "input_1": "Two children with protein C deficiency suffered coumarin-induced skin necrosis [20, 36, 42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7869, "input_1": "In the course of the proof in [2], the authors prove that in G(n, p), for suitable values of p, a number of events that deal with the number of edges spanned by a vertex set of a given size occur with high probability.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7870, "input_1": "Due to αvβ3 integrin aggregation on the glial cell surface caused by Thy-1 binding [37], restricted Thy-1 lateral diffusion could also result from Thy-1-integrin binding at cell-cell contact sites [6,53] or within the same cell [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7871, "input_1": "It is possible (as previously suggested [9]) that the primary resistance to fluid flux occurs at the fascicle level and that resistance to fluid flow between fascicles and out of the tissue may be minimal.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7872, "input_1": "A recent new method for detecting suboptimal effort in TBI was developed using variables from the CVLT–II (Wolfe et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7873, "input_1": "Components of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) family of mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in spermatozoa and involved in capacitation (Luconi et al., 1998; de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7874, "input_1": "The detrimental impact of large group size on reproduction, particularly during drought conditions, probably results from reduced foraging efficiency from scramble competition (Bronikowski and Altmann 1996; Altmann and Alberts 2003a), as found in several other cercopithecine populations (van Schaik and van Noordwijk 1988; Dunbar 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7875, "input_1": "367 G [ A nucleotide change in exon 4 of the IVD gene (Dercksen et al. 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7876, "input_1": "However, it is unlikely that CEP290 and BBS4 play a redundant role on PCM-1 function because knockdown phenotypes are distinct: the depletion of CEP290 resulted in an abnormal concentric accumulation of PCM-1, whereas BBS4 knockdown caused the dispersion of PCM-1 (20).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7877, "input_1": "This is consistent with studies of Askaer et al. (2011); Mahmood and Strack (2011) and Herbst et al. (2013) who demonstrated the importance of soil temperature in controlling microbial activities when conditions are favorable for CH4 production (i.e., at high GWL).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7878, "input_1": "108, 11262–11267. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011284108 Calvert, G. A., and Thesen, T. (2004). Multisensory integration: methodological approaches and emerging principles in the human brain. J. Physiol. Paris 98, 191–205. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2004.03.018 Calvo, J. M., Datta, S., Quattrochi, J., and Hobson, J. A. (1992). Cholinergic microstimulation of the peribrachial nucleus in the cat. II. Delayed and prolonged increases in REM sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol. 130, 285–301. Cartwright, R. D. (2010). The Twenty-four Hour Mind: The Role of Sleep and Dreaming in Our Emotional Lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 37–38. Castro, S., Falconi, A., Chase, M. H., and Torterolo, P. (2013). Coherent neocortical 40-Hz oscillations are not present during REM sleep. Eur. J. Neurosci. 37, 1330– 1339. doi: 10.1111/ejn.12143 Chalmers, D. J. (1996). The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. New York: Oxford University Press. Chawla, D., Lumer, E. D., and Friston, K. J. (1999). The relationship between synchronization among neuronal populations and their mean activity levels.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7879, "input_1": "The results of the 12-month-olds in Experiment 1 are consistent with the results of Pascalis and colleagues (Pascalis et al., 2002; Pascalis et al., 2005) as they demonstrated that by 9-months of age, infants no longer discriminate unfamiliar monkey faces.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7880, "input_1": "(4)\nSince estimating these conditional probabilities is impractical, following an earlier approach (Blaylock and Allen 2003), Mott et al. (2006) defined two n-gram models based on a Markov assumption that an observation !! depends only on the goal ! and a limited window of preceding observations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7881, "input_1": "Pathogenic genetic variants identified in potassium genes lead to a loss of function; this in turn gives rise to a decrease in the release of potassium, inducing the channels to remain open for longer and the QT interval to be prolonged due to a longer ventricular repolarization time.(32) Currently, several pathogenic genetic alterations have been reported in 6 different potassium", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7882, "input_1": "Among the transporters VGluT 1 and 2 were found in the hypothalamus (Herman\net al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7883, "input_1": "A third species, Porites astreoides, was only collected from ADM and NNP in Florida and the Bahamas, respectively (Thornhill et al. 2006a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7884, "input_1": "Cohort studies were assessed using criteria based on the Health Technology Assessment Program guidelines, which provided evidence-based recommendations on the assessment of nonrandomized trials (18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7885, "input_1": "Thinning-based algorithms either also prune away smaller branches [23] or use feature characteristics to detect and remove them [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7886, "input_1": "Because of their controllable and reversible transition, ER fluids have been extensively applied for a wide range of electromechanical engineering devices such as isolation dampers, shock absorbers, and clutches as well as for engine efficiency [9–11].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7887, "input_1": "H1-receptor binding studies: Inhibition of agonist-induced calcium flux was measured in CHO cells expressing the H1-receptor using the method described in [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7888, "input_1": "A molecule that reportedly confines Thy-1 transiently in rafts is the C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)-binding protein (CBP) [10], which is an important scaffolding protein that participates in cell signaling [11-13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7889, "input_1": "For better browsing, images are again arranged on a regular lattice [10, 7] as demonstrated in Figure 5.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7890, "input_1": "d See MacWhinney and Snow (1985). e Satterthwaite’s method used, due to unequal variances. Note : The 15 children reported by Hall et al. (1984) were each tested over a 2-day period.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7891, "input_1": "The Pascal VOC Part dataset [3] contain ground-truth part segmentations of 107 object landmarks in six animal categories.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7892, "input_1": "While the redox buffer pairs (e.g. GSH/GSSG, reduced PC/oxidised PC, and reduced Protein/oxidised Protein) can protect cells from oxidative damage (Tsuji et al., 2002), this produces an imbalance in the redox status that may lead to other unwanted effects such as changes in intracellular pH, which…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7893, "input_1": "…freely (in order to optimize accuracy of parameter estimates), VO2p data were modeled from the beginning of phase II to 4 min (240 s) of the step-transition; this ensured that each subject had attained a VO2p steady-state, yet did not bias the model fit during the on-transient (Bell et al. 2001b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7894, "input_1": "For example, word embedding algorithms operate at the level of inner products or distances between word vectors [Artetxe et al., 2018a, Conneau et al., 2018].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7895, "input_1": "However, orkokinins require a C-terminal GFxGF motif for activity that is absent in NLP-3 peptides (Nathoo et al., 2001).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7896, "input_1": "Others, however, have found a larger than expected contribution of trans divergence (McManus et al. 2010, Coolon et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7897, "input_1": "Nevertheless, the clinical implications of these findings are not clear as no prognostic significance of EGFR gene amplification was found in some studies and contrasting results were published in others, often carried out with different approaches [27, 29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7898, "input_1": "Serum CA125 is presently considered as a marker of response to treatment rather than a screening/diagnostic marker (Van der Berg et al, 1988; Tuxen et al, 1995; Rustin et al, 1996; Zanotti and Kennedy, 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7899, "input_1": "The use of the intracellular dye carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) in proliferation assays has become an essential tool in mapping cellular division histories since its introduction in 1994 [17, 18, 19, 20, 23]–see also the recent surveys in [6, 12, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7900, "input_1": "In this study, the proposed method is based on atrial activity extraction using an echo state network (ESN) re­ cently introduced as a unified solution to the problem of QRST cancellation in the presence of substantial variation in beat morphology and/or occasional ectopic beats [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7901, "input_1": "Thus, cells exposed to an electric field, rapidly fixed as described (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000), then labeled with FLDHP, showed intense and localized labeling of the lamellipodium (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7902, "input_1": "An increase in superioinferior breast displacement has also been positively correlated with increases in exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010), and consequently breast biomechanics research has made recommendations to wear a high level of breast support (sports bra) when exercising to reduce breast pain (Bridgman et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7903, "input_1": "expression of nutrient transporters and the thickness of the cell layers separating the maternal and fetal capillaries (interhaemal thickness), representing the barrier to diffusion of nutrients and gases (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7904, "input_1": "However, Mrgprs have been reported more recently to also be expressed in peptidergic neurons (Liu et al. 2009, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7905, "input_1": "There are several indications that our protocol, although simpler than that of Mogyoros and colleagues, provides similar results in normal subjects (Mogyoros et al., 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7906, "input_1": "Autoaggregation and colony morphology changes induced by Ag43 (Diderichsen, 1980; Henderson et al., 1997a) occur only in certain genetic backgrounds (e.g. E. coli K-12) and are not pronounced properties of E. coli ML308-225 derivatives, a phenomenon probably related to the presence of different…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7907, "input_1": "Previously, a Dutch study [24] revealed that IDH1mutation was a good predictor of OS but not response to temozolomide after radiotherapy in patients with low-grade astrocytomas, which is in agreement with our findings.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7908, "input_1": "Based on the alignments, phylogenetic trees were inferred using the maximum likelihood (ML) method in the PHYML program (Guindon and Gascuel 2003) in Geneious 5.3.5 package with the General-timereversible (GTR) substitution model.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7909, "input_1": "These results, of a fast short term depression of the fEPSP with a gradual return to baseline, coincide with former findings reported with NMDA application on hippocampal cell culture [60] [61].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7910, "input_1": "…seeks to infer agents’ goals along with their plans for achieving them from sequences of observable actions, has been studied for tasks ranging from traffic monitoring (Pynadath and Wellman 2000) to operating system usage (Blaylock and Allen 2003) to story understanding (Charniak and Goldman 1993).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7911, "input_1": "The KCEF is therefore an extension of the KEF introduced in Sriperumbudur et al., 2017.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7912, "input_1": "It is worth noting that there are many useful results on the dynamical behavior of neural networks with discontinuous activation functions (see [17-33, 49-52]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7913, "input_1": "Other extra-renal symptoms may consist of intracranial arterial aneurysms, cardiac valvular defects, abdominal and inguinal hernias, and colonic diverticulosis [1, 3, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7914, "input_1": "To generate transgenic Arabidopsis, constructs were mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL-1 using triparental mating, and transformed into Arabidopsis by vacuum infiltration as described in [39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7915, "input_1": "(d) Degradation of 35S-labeled wild-type human cycB1-NT (1-88) in mitotic Xenopus extract supplemented concomitantly with unlabeled WT human cycB1-NT (1-88), WT or D-box mutant sea urchin cyclin B1 NT (13-110), at indicated concentrations.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7916, "input_1": "They include the ER, 595 with its rough and smooth domains (Sitia and Meldolesi, 1992), the neuronal 596 plasma membrane, with different compositions in the soma and dendrites 597 (Bradke and Dotti, 2000), and even the cytosol, where gradients of calcium 598 and other second messengers are…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7917, "input_1": "In particular, in [10] the authors have discussed the transition behavior during the change between two time-invariant discrete-time wavelet transforms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7918, "input_1": "A key difficulty that we address in this work is that relative to previous analysis [14] a new source of error arises from the approximation of γ(t) by γ̄(t).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7919, "input_1": "Motion energy filters (MEF; Watson & Ahumada, 1985; Adelson & Bergen, 1985) are built from subunits with separable spatial and temporal receptive fields, as is the case for many V1 simple cells (Robson, 1966; Tolhurst & Movshon, 1975; Field & Tolhurst, 1986; DeAngelis, Ohzawa, & Freeman, 1995; De…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7920, "input_1": "This result is in congruence with studies that showed a negative association between screen media usage and academic performance [26-31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7921, "input_1": "Down’s syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) has been shown to regulate dendrite self-avoidance inDrosophila (Hughes et al., 2007;Matthews et al., 2007; Soba et al., 2007) and mouse (Fuerst et al., 2008, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7922, "input_1": "This finding is in accordance with the results of cross-sectional studies in various populations from Italy, Japan, and China [9-14,18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7923, "input_1": "The SBF with biophysically realistic model oscillators Cosine oscillators were extensively used in numerical simulations of interval timing models with great success [13,21,52].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7924, "input_1": "Previous results in this regard were controversial, showing that Treg cells impair [17] or improve [18] angiogenesis after limb ischaemia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7925, "input_1": "This is consistent with the findings of previous studies of the neural substrates of sleep-dependent enhancement of motor sequence learning (Walker et al., 2005a; Albouy et al., 2008; Debas et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7926, "input_1": "As such, the Health Action Process Approach model [47] was utilised to identify evidence-based determinants including: low outcome expectations, low risk perception, low self-efficacy, and lack of social support for healthy lifestyle.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7927, "input_1": "Similar results were observed in a study of phenotypic relationships of health disorders to lactation persistency (Appuhamy et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7928, "input_1": "6 Workflow referencemodel—example state transitions for a task instance (taken from [23])", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7929, "input_1": "These are in keeping with earlier studies on the steadystate response (2, 5, 8), step-function response, (3, 5, 6, 14) and sinusoidal response ( 14) of the various vascular beds.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7930, "input_1": "Recognition was defined as repetition in trial 2 of the\nidentification response given in trial 1, regardless of correct identification (as in D’Angiulli & Waraich, 2002).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7931, "input_1": "The ROC curve was calculated by varying the probability values (i.e., the decision criterion) of error classification from 0% to 100% and plotting the associated true positives and false positives (Fawcett, 2006; Macmillan & Creelman, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7932, "input_1": "In the experiments reported here, we used SFOLD [30] to estimate the marginal distribution at each nucleotide over structural contexts (e.g. paired, unpaired, hairpin loop) for each position of the sequence by sampling a large number of structures for the sequence according to the Boltzmann distribution.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7933, "input_1": "Late viral proteins are instead structural elements necessary for new particle assembly and formation and for the lysis of the cell that occurs after maturation [12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7934, "input_1": "The current trendsetters in predictive coding are the motor control crowd who have developed, empirically validated, and promoted the notion of internal forward models as a neural mechanism necessary for smooth, efficient motor control (Kawato, 1999; Shadmehr et al. 2010; Wolpert et al. 1995).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7935, "input_1": "Past research has documented regional variations in Medicare spending and the use of specific services per beneficiary [3-5], or costs and service use for people with specific illnesses [6-10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7936, "input_1": "Genomic DNA was purified from various tissue specimens and PBLs by previously described methods.(26,28,49) The amplification of Sm–Sa fragments from in vivo switched cells was also performed as described before.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7937, "input_1": "Lymphoproliferative lesions include a wide range of diseases such as benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoma, based on varying degrees of histopathologic and immunophenotypic features.(1-30) The approach to treatment of a lymphoid tumor of the eye and its adnexa includes an assessment of the patient’s ocular and systemic status.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7938, "input_1": "Moreover, SB269970 improved reversal learning deficits induced by subchronic PCP in rats (McLean et al. 2009b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7939, "input_1": "In addition, abnormal guidewire position on fluoroscopy may also indicate perforation [11, 17].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7940, "input_1": "Protein sequences were clustered using Proteinortho [34] in the blastp+-mode, thus performing a pairwise all-against-all comparison of sequences from different species to derive orthologous relationships.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7941, "input_1": "Our implementation was based on Caffe (Jia et al., 2014), which is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7942, "input_1": "…of NMDAR antagonists have been suggested to be highly useful models of the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (Stefani and Moghaddam 2002; Abdul-Monim et al. 2007; Grayson et al. 2007; Rodefer et al. 2005; McLean et al. 2009a; Nagai et al. 2009; Young et al. 2009; Snigdha et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7943, "input_1": "Previous data from our group revealed that GDNF up-regulation is crucial to estradiolinduced dopaminergic protection in 6-OHDA-treated midbrain cell cultures [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7944, "input_1": "The size of the images were reduced to 512 √ó 341 pixels and then PCA-SIFT was applied to extract feature vectors.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7945, "input_1": "It was also reported that the high-dose X-irradiation to hypocatalasemic mice readily induces signet ring cell carcinoma [19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7946, "input_1": "Those molecules include the b-secretase called b-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) [2,3] and the transcriptional modulator activating", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7947, "input_1": "2007) or a multiple dominant marker line T586 (including a fuzzless locus N1) (Zhang et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2006; Wan et al. 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7948, "input_1": "Mammalian lysozymes are c-type muramidases, capable of both hydrolysis and transglycosylation (Jolles et al., 1974; Jolles and Jolles, 1984).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7949, "input_1": "To further investigate whether signaling upstream of JNK1/2 is also influenced, we examined the activation of MEK, MKK3/6, MKK4 and MKK7, which activate downstream JNK1/2(31-33).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7950, "input_1": "Content validity was examined by 9 experts with clinical service of more than 15 years each.(12) The internal consistency was estimated with the use of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7951, "input_1": "25 (Carlson and Seamons 2008). Although this is a modest value, it does provide ample opportunity for natural selection to operate. The other condition – a selective differential – is clearly met. Hydropower development has profoundly changed freshwater environmental conditions experienced by Snake River fall Chinook salmon, so ample reason exists to believe that selective pressures for age at smolting could have changed as well. Our analyses suggest that the possibility of rapid evolutionary change in juvenile migration tactic within the last 50–60 years. Credence is lent to this hypothesis by research that has concluded that evolutionary changes have been experienced by introduced Chinook salmon populations over a 90-year period in New Zealand. There, Unwin et al. (2000) documented a divergence in juvenile migratory timing associated with differences in water temperatures that had affected juvenile growth, an association similar to that observed in Snake River fall Chinook salmon.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7952, "input_1": "Still, the majority of speech apraxia cases do not seem to carry causal mutations in FOXP2, BCL11A or ERC1 [6, 11, 12].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7953, "input_1": ", 2002) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (Kushida and Gotoda, 2013; Miyazaki et al., 2011) or enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (Miyazaki et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7954, "input_1": "Our previous report showed that the corresponding lysine residue of T. thermophilus acyl-CoA synthetase was also propionylated (Okanishi et al. 2014).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7955, "input_1": "The non-trivial baselines were two n-gram models, adopted from previous goal recognition work (Blaylock and Allen 2003; Mott et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7956, "input_1": "suggested that there was little evidence of the contribution of methylation to downregulation of miR-99a [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7957, "input_1": "However, the real contribution may be substantially greater than this if, as has been shown previously, respondents tend to over-report their physical activity using IPAQ [28].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7958, "input_1": "SIFT uses DoG function to identify the potential features and it uses 128-dimensional vector to store the feature vector.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7959, "input_1": "014 roviding important information for surgical management nd postoperative outcomes for patients with ERM.(5,6) pectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT; also known as Fourieromain or high-speed OCT) is a new technology that has een demonstrated recently.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7960, "input_1": "Unlike Bcl-2, which is highly expressed in naïve and memory T cells and rapidly downregulated after T cell activation, Mcl-1 expression is strongly induced after TCR stimulation (Dunkle et al., 2011; Opferman et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7961, "input_1": "multiple equilibria, see Albanesi et al. (2003), King and Wolman (2004) and Blake and Kirsanova (2012), and a simple New Keynesian model is not appropriate to investigate many consequences of policy delegation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7962, "input_1": "The apparent disparity between physiologic and neurologic/ fetotoxic effects of PCP on mortality and morbidity is consistent with previous studies of PCP [20,29,36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7963, "input_1": "These results are in agreement with phylogenies previously reported for AGT sequences (Chen et al., 2008;Wong and Takei, 2011; Umasuthan et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7964, "input_1": "We compared these patient experiences to those of patients with chronic disease that had received in-person post-test genomic counseling in a parent study randomized controlled trial (RCT) [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7965, "input_1": "Specifically, we compare our methods against V-MDAV [35] because it is the most similar method to MDAV and its variant CBFS.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7966, "input_1": "The clinical trial protocol and the flow cytometry staining and analysis procedures used to acquire data in this study have been described in detail elsewhere [8,33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7967, "input_1": "Down’s syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) has been shown to regulate dendrite self-avoidance inDrosophila (Hughes et al., 2007;Matthews et al., 2007; Soba et al., 2007) and mouse (Fuerst et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7968, "input_1": "…of corticospinal projections from the site of stimulation, indexed by reduced amplitude of motor evoked potentials in relaxed hand muscles (Chen et al., 1997; Maeda et al., 2000; Touge et al., 2001; Romero et al., 2002; Tsuji and Rothwell, 2002). rTMS at 1 Hz reduces the amplitude of the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7969, "input_1": "QUERI researchers’ use of HIT was concentrated in five distinct areas: (1) clinical decision support systems (CDSS); (2) HIT tools targeted for specific users; (3) telehealth applications; (4) design and maintenance of VA-wide databases; (5) integration and innovative use of extant VA-wide data (Table 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7970, "input_1": "This was followed by multiple pediatric case reports [9, 13, 15, 21, 23] and combined adult and pediatric series [16, 24, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7971, "input_1": "These domains comprise verbal fluency (Triggs et al., 1999; Fabre et al., 2004), attentional control (Vanderhasselt et al., 2009), reaction time (O’Connor et al., 2005; Bloch et al., 2008; Vanderhasselt et al., 2009), executive functions/working memory (Martis et al., 2003; Bloch et al., 2008),…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7972, "input_1": "The epidemic curves in the Montreal network occasionally exhibit multiple peaks, driven by underlying community structure [56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7973, "input_1": "A similar degree of desensitization was found in adolescent animals, a developmental time period in which the PFC is vulnerable for long-term adaptations induced by nicotine (Counotte et al., 2011b; Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7974, "input_1": "Interregional GABAergic neurons have been described also in the adult isocortex (Gonchar et al., 1995; Fabri and Manzoni, 1996; Jinno and Kosaka, 2004; Tomioka et al., 2005; Apergis-\n Schoute et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7975, "input_1": "…degree of FA unsaturation in skeletal muscle membrane PLs has been shown to correlate positively with insulin sensitivity (Borkman et al., 1993; Pan et al., 1995), whereas the proportion of 16:0 in both skeletal muscle PLs and TGs correlated negatively with insulin sensitivity (Vessby et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7976, "input_1": "However, luciferase gene expression from the IFN-stimulated Mx1 promoter or the SV40 promoter was reduced by PR(1-80)Tx(80-239) but not by Tx(1-80)PR(81-230) (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7977, "input_1": "Since a NO donor relaxed the pylorus in vitro (17) , NO could be the putative NANC inhibitory neurotransmitte r at the pylorus.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7978, "input_1": "With neurodisruption techniques, it is now established that both SEF (Stuphorn and Schall, 2006) and IFG (Chambers et al., 2006, 2007) are critical for inhibitory control.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7979, "input_1": "As the T99 mutant was rendered unable to grow on 4-CP by an insertion of a transposon into a hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase gene, the results suggest that cleavage of hydroxyquinol is a vital part of degradation of 4-NP and 4-BP as well as of 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7980, "input_1": "These results appear consistent with PCR amplification bias favoring GCneutral content as previously documented for RNA-seq data (7, 17, 65).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7981, "input_1": "Nowadays, there are only a few studies that have a systemic view on these accidents (Bentley 2008) and which try, by using detailed analysis (Gao and Abeysekera 2004, Leclercq and Thouy 2004, Bentley et al. 2005, 2006, Derosier 2005), to enlighten contributing factors and root causes involved in…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7982, "input_1": "…I analyzed these data using a multi-level mixed-effects linear regression (GLMM, lme package in R software, 2.7.2,\nFoundation for Statistical Computing, R Development Core Team 2008), which uses t-tests to test the null hypothesis that a coefficient equals 0 (Bolker et al. 2009; Crawley 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7983, "input_1": "It has been previously reported that chronic exposure to glucocorticoid can inhibit gonadotropin (LH and FSH) secretion as evidence by decrease responsiveness to administered GnRH and subnormal plasma testosterone.(16) LH is the hormone involved in the regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein that deliver cholesterol to inner mitochondria for steroidogenesis in the Leydig cell.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7984, "input_1": "On the other hand, the conservative treatment is more often complicated by re-rupture of the Achilles tendon [14, 16, 31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7985, "input_1": "Amplicon preparation, sequencing and data analysis were conducted for all 44 samples as described previously (Hospodsky et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7986, "input_1": "The cause is the direct effect of the antigen-antibody complex that triggers an inflammatory cascade mostly mediated by cytokines Th1 [17, 19].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7987, "input_1": "Nevertheless, podocytes have been shown to possess a differentiated amino acid transport system [73] including vesicular glutamate transporter [74, 75], and recent findings reveal more and more similarities between podocytes and neuronal cells.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7988, "input_1": "Our results are in agreement with the findings of a study in Brazil which also calculated low internal radiation doses for granite industry workers (Estellita et al 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7989, "input_1": "Previous studies indicate that jellyfish planulae have different substrate choices and settlement preferences between natural and artificial materials (Holst & Jarms, 2007; Hoover & Purcell, 2009; Duarte et al., 2012).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7990, "input_1": "Our proof borrows heavily from the work of Hori, Herbst and Page [5], in which they give a detailed physical argument for a generalisation of Orlov’s result.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7991, "input_1": "The coordinated formation of each of these components is crucial to synaptic function, and genetic studies have revealed multiple conserved pathways that control their development (Collins and DiAntonio, 2007; Harris and Littleton, 2015; Menon et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7992, "input_1": "The average magnitude of the NBR increases with increasing stimulus intensity and duration (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002), suggesting that NBR reflects neuronal inhibition required to optimise task performance, by reducing sensitivity and allocation of processing resources to the unattended or irrelevant part of the sensory field.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7993, "input_1": "…for multiple bands is that chick brain contains at least two BgtR subtypes because of the expression of a8 subunits (Schoepfer et al., 1990; Gotti et al., 1992, 1994; Keyser et al., 1993). a8 subunits, which are highly homologous to a7 subunits, are not found in mammals (Elgoyhen et al.,…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7994, "input_1": "Even though many studies about complications following transpedicular instrumentation have been reported [2, 11, 17, 20], the possibility of adjacent superior facet joint violation that may lead to instability, which can bring about adjacent segmental degeneration, has not been studied in detail.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7995, "input_1": "Several studies revealed redundant and essential roles of both, class I and II HDACs, in multiple levels of development and tissue patterning (De Rubertis et al., 1996; Shi and Mello 1998; Lagger et al. 2002; Brunmeir et al., 2009; Pillai et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 7996, "input_1": "TPC, TFC, FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC values were slightly different from, but comparable to, values in other reports (Cardador-Martinez et al., 2002; Heimler et al., 2005; Xu et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 7997, "input_1": "In preliminary implementations of SSEhunter, the identified structural features have been used to establish virus evolutionary relationships (Baker et al., 2005) and compare ion channel structures (Ludtke et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7998, "input_1": "Because previous work [10, 9, 5] has found strong diurnal patterns in traffic matrices, the third generation methods we study assume that when flow monitors are turned on, they remain on for 24 hours.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 7999, "input_1": "Chen (2001) developed a new FMADM approach for resolving the DC location selection problem under fuzzy environments based on a stepwise ranking procedure.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8000, "input_1": "Chlorhexidine has previously demonstrated an antibacterial spectrum that includes most of the microorganisms present in the oral cavity, such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial spores, lipophilic viruses, yeasts and dermatophytes [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8001, "input_1": "This database has been updated with a yeast three-hybrid (Y3H) screen for MADS-domain proteins (Immink et al., 2009) using SEP3 as the third interactor.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8002, "input_1": "…94 Hart et al. 2003 [17] Manual postop xray 60 70 Hart et al. 2003 [17] Manual postop xray 60 93 Matsumoto et al. 2004 [27] Manual postop xray 30 67 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (IM) postop xray 25 92 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (IM) postop xray 25 92 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (EM)…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8003, "input_1": "A 3-day duration of UUO was used, as both AT1 and AT2 receptors are abundant in the kidney at this age and renal AT2 expression falls rapidly in the neonatal period (27, 48).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8004, "input_1": "We reasoned that drugs that alter chromatin, such as 50Aza and TSA, might be effective at disrupting Cdkn1c expression when epigenetic marks are consolidated (Bhogal et al., 2004; Umlauf et al., 2004).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8005, "input_1": "Insulin sensitivity was measured using the insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda, a wellestablished measure of whole-body insulin sensitivity [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8006, "input_1": "The discovery and characterization of new tick-protective antigens is important to improve existing vaccines for the control of cattle tick infestations (de la Fuente et al. 2007a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8007, "input_1": "SM/J individuals tend to be more responsive to the effect of a high-fat diet in relation to body weight, fat depot weight, organ weight, basal glucose levels, and triglyceride levels [23,24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8008, "input_1": "spatially localized faulting that characterizes ribbon structures [Hansen and Willis, 1996, 1998, and references therein; Ghent and Hansen, 1999].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8009, "input_1": "The proportion of laboratory confirmed cases (n = 3634) among clinically diagnosed cases (10,966) is about 30% [25].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8010, "input_1": "Thirdly, ErbB-3 is characterized by a defective mechanism of clearance from the cell surface (Baulida et al., 1996; Pinkas-Kramarski et al., 1996): instead of ligand-induced internalization and degradation in lysosomes, a mechanism shared by many growth factor receptors (Sorkin and Waters, 1993), ErbB-3 is destined primarily to enter the recycling pathway (Waterman et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8011, "input_1": "Then, the 29 pixels whose NDVI values were greater than 0 and less than 0.2 were seen as non-vegetation pixels (Tsai et al., 2007; Noujdina and Ustin, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8012, "input_1": "As shown recently, a different member of the Krueppel-like factor family KLF4 demonstrated a potent antiapoptotic effect upon HDACi treatment which was mediated in part by direct binding and transcriptional upregulation of p57 followed by inhibition of the stress response phosphorylation pathway [42].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8013, "input_1": "…isoforms, despite the use of different experimental endpoints such as production of inositol phosphates (Brauner-Osborne\nand Krogsgaard-Larsen 1999), competitive binding (Green et al. 2000; Kaupmann et al.\n1998a; Malitschek et al. 1998) or coupling to Kir3 channels (Kaupmann et al. 1998a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8014, "input_1": "It was found in (Hulse et al. 2007) that the effectiveness of re-sampling for imbalanced learning depends on the evaluation metrics and base learning algorithms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8015, "input_1": "Thus we selected BG01 and HUES-7, which were independentlyderived at BresaGen (Mitalipova et al., 2003) and Harvard University (Cowan et al., 2004) using different embryo culture, inner cell mass isolation, hESC culture and hESC passaging methods.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8016, "input_1": "We tested different classes of corrector molecules such as corr-2b, corr-3a, corr-4a, corr-4b (Pedemonte et al., 2005), VRT-532 (Wang et al., 2006), and VRT-325 (Loo et al., 2005) for their abilities to inhibit cross-linking of L339C (TM6)/F728C (TM7).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8017, "input_1": "To demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach, we generated independent and anticorrelated data sets by using the same way that has been used to generate the datasets in [5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8018, "input_1": "Cross-talk between JA and SA signalling has been described in response to various attackers (Beckers and Spoel, 2006; Stout et al., 2006; Koornneef and Pieterse, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8019, "input_1": "Six cortical fields each contained a separate representation of sound fre-\nquency (2–32 kHz), and the range of BFs mapped in all regions covered the range of pinna-related frequency and ILD cues in the rat (Koka et al., 2008; Tollin and Koka, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8020, "input_1": "SNX27 however, possesses a unique PDZ domain involved in alternative cargo trafficking (Cai et al., 2011; Gallon et al., 2014; Lauffer et al., 2010; Lunn et al., 2007; Steinberg et al., 2013; Temkin et al., 2011; Valdes et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013), and our results now suggest an additional unique property of this protein with respect to lipid headgroup association, interacting with PtdInsP species not bound by the other family members.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8021, "input_1": "Because antibiotic inhibitory interactions can be highly specific among Streptomyces isolates (Davelos et al., 2004a; Vetsigian et al., 2011), the benefits of producing a single antibiotic may vary across communities.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8022, "input_1": "We demonstrate that a spatial registration strategy of pooling all data disregarding disease status or scanner (study site and/or MFS) produces results with the greatest validity in terms of biological plausibility (Frisoni et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8023, "input_1": "…of a relatively larger area or volume (Alidaee et al., 2009; Beard et al., 2006; Bertuccelli et al., 2004; Gancet et al., 2005; Kovacina et al., 2002; Kuiper and Nadjm-Tehrani, 2006; Lawrence et al., 2004; Merino et al., 2006; Parunak et al., 2005; Richards et al., 2002; Sauter et al., 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8024, "input_1": "This result is consistent with the reported trend of providers ordering testing of more genes per patient.(25)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8025, "input_1": "the additional foreground 1SVMs help our algorithm remembering the detected foreground appearance, and as a result, lead to better performance than previous work using only local background models such as [18, 5].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8026, "input_1": "Those with alcohol dependence ever in lifetime met at least three symptoms of maladaptive pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress (Sheehan et al., 1998; American Psychiatric Association, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8027, "input_1": "lalandi transcriptome sequences (YTK002, YTK008, YTK011, YTK017 and YTK019) [3] and three loci (Sdu21, Sdu32 and Sdu46) validated from the literature [18, 19] were used to genotype the experiment fish for parentage analysis in this study.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8028, "input_1": "Recent papers [6], [14], [15] show that spatial max and average pooling of feature maps output by intermediate convolutional layers is an effective representation, and higher performance can be achieved compared to using fully connected layers.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8029, "input_1": "2, as well as our implementation of the algorithm introduced in [16], is freely available at http://www.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8030, "input_1": "…neural network connectivity between brain regions increasingly has been proposed as a key characteristic underlying memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which has a high risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Bai et al., 2009a, 2009b; Sorg et al., 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8031, "input_1": "It has been reported that various mechanisms such as telomere shortening, histone modification, DNA methylation and miRNA expression affect the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs, resulting in cell senescence (Bonab et al., 2006; Noer et al., 2006; Wagner et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2008; Bork et al., 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8032, "input_1": "The contamination of ground and surface water by As from soils and sediments represent significant threats to human health (WHO 2004) and, consequently, it is essential to fully understand the transport characteristics of solid phase As (Zhang and Selim 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8033, "input_1": "This co-activation of the tongue protrudor and retractor muscles is particularly significant, as this has only been reported in the isolated rodent UAW [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8034, "input_1": "We trained the ve di erent merged architectures described in gure 2c-2g ve times for ResNet-164 and for DenseNet100-BC.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8035, "input_1": "We need to look at the sign of a few derivatives to identify the impact of an increase in risk, which implies some calculations (Nishimura and\nOzaki, 2007): sign of 2", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8036, "input_1": "Mutations in ATRX result in loss of ATRX protein by immunostaining and are thought to mediate loss of function (1).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8037, "input_1": "Pupillometry has been proposed as a simple and sensitive tool to detect subclinical autonomic dysfunction [30,31].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8038, "input_1": "…back-propagation learning, Mixture-ofExperts (ME) model (Jacobs et al., 1991; Jordan & Jacobs, 1994; Jordan & Xu, 1995) and its alternative model (Xu, 1998a; Xu et al., 1995), as well as normalized RBF nets (Moody & Darken, 1989; Nowlan, 1990; Xu et al., 1994) and its extensions (Xu, 1998a), but…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8039, "input_1": "Furthermore TGFβ is the only inhibitor of myogenesis that does not stimulate myoblast proliferation (Florini et al., 1986; Massague et al., 1986; Olson et al., 1986).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8040, "input_1": "The Illumina platform and Roche GS-FLX are an effective combination to call SNPs when lacking a reference genome [17–20], but additional labor, time and cost are required to build a rough reference with GS-FLX.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8041, "input_1": "The risk of death of PWA, as compared to non-PWA, was estimated using sex-and agestandardized mortality ratios (SMRs).17 SMRs were calculated as the ratio between the observed number of deceased PWA who had a specific can er to the expected one, estimated on the basis of sex- and age-specific (quinquennia) mortality rates among non-PWA, multiplied by the person-years at risk among PWA.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8042, "input_1": "Ecological parameters of WNV transmission have yet to be clearly defined in tropical ecosystems typical of the Caribbean Basin countries.(1) Serosurveys of free-ranging birds in several countries have identified infections in numerous species of", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8043, "input_1": "This approach is a modified version of the dynamic bioclimate envelope model developed by Cheung et al. (2008a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8044, "input_1": "Cysteine to serine mutation of WhiB1 was generated by overlapping extension PCR using a primer pair consisting of wild type [23] and appropriately mutated primer as mentioned in the Table 2 (Additional file 2).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8045, "input_1": "A type I T-cell gene signature that promotes both the generation and tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T cells has been shown to be associated with an improved clinical outcome in a variety of tumor types (2, 3).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8046, "input_1": "The literature describes substantial variation in dentists’ assessments of clinical, community, and behavioral factors that influence their decisions to provide a particular restorative treatment for their patients (21-23).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8047, "input_1": "In studies that report intakes as frequency, we converted a serving size as 80 g according to other meta-analysis [15, 16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8048, "input_1": "In addition, PTH-induced release of calcium from bone is substantially impaired in the presence of hypomagnesaemia, as magnesium depletion interferes with the generation of cAMP in response to PTH [2, 3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8049, "input_1": "We also used an example based MT (EBMT) system [31] [32] which was developed by Joshi et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8050, "input_1": "Ultimately, telomerase-deficient cells undergo replicative senescence, a process in which the majority of cells in the culture cease to grow, and a variety of deleterious genome-destabilizing events increase in frequency (Chen and Kolodner, 1999; Hackett et al., 2001; DuBois et al., 2002; Hackett and Greider, 2003; Mieczkowski et al., 2003; Meyer and Bailis, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8051, "input_1": "As in previous studies, injury severity was stratified using the discharge diagnosis ICD-9ebased ICISS scoring system, which has been shown to outperform other scoring systems in predicting injury mortality and is particularly suited for the study of administrative databases.(8,9,12,13) The definition of severely injured patients was chosen to match that in several preceding studies that focused on the survival advantage of severely injured patients treated at DTCs in Florida.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8052, "input_1": "Animal treatment\nRegeneration of soleus muscles in 300–330 g male Wistar rats was induced by notexin as described previously (Zádor et al. 1996).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8053, "input_1": "The fusion reaction is probably triggered by the low pH in the lysosomes (Helenius et al., 1980a, b; White & Helenius, 1980; White et al., 1980).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8054, "input_1": "These coordinates correspond to the functional center of the hindpaw cortical map in C and HU14 groups as determined in a prior study [18].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8055, "input_1": "As the study arms might not be comparable at baseline, even in RCTs, we used Becker’s strategy to adjust for the reported difference between arms at baseline when calculating SMDs; for pre-and-post intervention studies without a comparison arm and for serial cross-sectional intervention studies, we assumed the value for the comparison arm was zero [51].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8056, "input_1": "According to the model results presented here, this would cause cool waters off Oman, consistent with the G. bulloides record.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8057, "input_1": "Previous studies established that caveolin-3 is recovered from neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures in light vesicular membranes, along with flotillin-1 and flotillin-2/ESA (19).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8058, "input_1": "Based on our current results and a previous study involving development of motor innervation in the small intestine (Ward et al. 2006), ICC-DMP may mediate a significant portion of cholinergic responses in the circular muscle layer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8059, "input_1": "75 to 1 mg/kg per day for 3 months, then 40 mg/d for 3 months, and finally tapering to 20 mg/d or 20 mg every other day for 6 months, for a total treatment time of approximately 1 year.(1,3,5,17,66,68,71,72,74) Monitoring for untoward effects of steroid therapy such as gastrointestinal bleeding, hyperglycemia, fluid retention, depression, personality changes, psychosis, and restlessness is a priority of care.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8060, "input_1": "a) Comparison with known results: The model considered by Neely [22] is the same as R-model-U.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8061, "input_1": "(33) showed that VT measured with whole body plethysmography was similar to that measured with pneumotachography under normal conditions in urethane-anesthetized mice, which suggests that the decompression component is small under such conditions.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8062, "input_1": "PTOV1 can bind to flotillin-1 (Santamaria et al. 2005) and the 14-3-3 protein (Benzinger et al. 2005), which can interact with CDK1 (Chan et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8063, "input_1": "The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is emerging as a critical player in neurodegenerative disease and in acute neuropathology (Martin et al., 2009; Martin, 2010a,b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8064, "input_1": "In addition, tSC processes extending from denervated endplates contact intact nerve terminals and form “tSC bridges” that induce and guide terminal sprouts to denervated endplates (Son and Thompson, 1995a; Love et al., 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8065, "input_1": "Food and water was available ad lib.\nApparatus\nThe apparatus used to test subjects had been described in detail elsewhere (Parr et al. 2006, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8066, "input_1": "The substrate recognition sequence is highly conserved in all flaviviruses and consists of two basic residues in P2 and P1 followed by a small unbranched amino acid in P1’ [22,43].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8067, "input_1": "These variables are commonly used in the literature when comparing and describing nursing homes (Castle, 2001; Castle & Engberg, 2008; Department of Health and Human Services, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8068, "input_1": "The change in the apparent diameter of the particles was calculated using equation (1), where di is the diameter of the protein-coated particles and ds is the apparent diameter of the sample after immunogold-labelling:", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8069, "input_1": "As reported by others (Roshan et al. 2003; Fisher et al. 2002), the results of SICI with threshold tracking showed two periods of maximal inhibition at ISIs 1 and 3 ms.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8070, "input_1": "The finding that the less effective strategy and fewer relevant results saved lead to lower satisfaction is supported by previous research (Bilal & Kirby, 2002; Wang et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8071, "input_1": "To achieve this aim, we used the Traditional Beliefs About Gender and Identity scale (TBGI; Dasgupta & Rivera, 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8072, "input_1": "Several previous studies showed that both EAV and PRRSV infections induce apoptosis via TNF receptor signaling (68, 111).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8073, "input_1": "According to a recent meta-analysis of the psychological interventions in FM [24], only five randomised, controlled trials have assessed PC as one of the outcomes [25-29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8074, "input_1": "To alleviate the bias toward some area of the space in which the population is initialized, we used a non-uniformly (asymmetrically) initialization range [3], as given in Table 1, that does not", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8075, "input_1": "2002), nucleic acids (McCallum and Pardi 2003) and protein– RNA complexes (Bayer et al. 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8076, "input_1": "It has been repeatedly shown that plasmodesmata, which form a system of intercellular communication, play an important role in differentiation of multicellular plant organisms [10].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8077, "input_1": "Aggregates or similar special predicates have been already built in several ASP solvers [4, 26]: the next example shows how to fast prototype aggregate semantics without taking into account of the efficiency of a built-in implementation.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8078, "input_1": "The distribution of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS)—the flow boundaries in unsteady flows—can be further extracted as the ridges in stochastic FTLE fields [2].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8079, "input_1": "The stimuli consisted of individual sentences, ten words in length, many of which were used in Leonard and Baum (1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8080, "input_1": "Recently, a few real option models characterized by the presence of Knightian uncertainty( or ambiguity) 8 have been proposed (Nishimura and Ozaki, 2007; Asano, 2005; Trojanowska and Kort, 2010; Miao and Wang, 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8081, "input_1": "The adaptive designs in Bartroff and Lai (2008) and this article can fulfill the seemingly disparate requirements of flexibility and efficiency on a design.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8082, "input_1": "They comprised 136 strains isolated from clinical environments; 42 strains isolated from intertidal sand contaminated by Prestige’s crude oil [23]; 50 strains from our laboratory collection, which have been previously studied by multilocus sequence analysis, MLSA [6, 20, 22]; and strain PE, which was isolated from a bioreactor seeded with the commercial compound Putidoil®.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8083, "input_1": "Consequently, AMPKα phosphorylation is higher in the liver of Tg mice, resulting in increased phosphorylation and inhibition of ACC [72].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8084, "input_1": "Since androgen stimulation could induce DNA damage in androgen-deprived prostate cancer cells (Figure 1 and 2) (4), we aimed to determine if exposure of AR-positive cells to supraphysiological levels of androgens for 6 hours (the point of maximal induction of DSBs, but absence of significant androgen mediated cell cycle progression as shown in Figure 1 and 2) could synergize with IR.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8085, "input_1": "Image Webs The most related algorithm to our proposed incremental construction method is Image Webs [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8086, "input_1": "Aniline exposure increases the expression of CDKs\nCDKs are core components of the cell cycle machinery and the vital regulators driving cell cycle progression (Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Olashaw and Pledger, 2002; Chulu and Liu, 2009; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8087, "input_1": "Other studies demonstrated that Period 1 (per1), another member of the Period family, and per2 exhibit circadian oscillations in mRNA expression in human peripheral leucocytes [5-8].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8088, "input_1": "Also, recent studies from our laboratory indicated that the human intestinal Caco2 cell line is a suitable model for the human intestinal epithelia to investigate the regulation of the Cl−/OH− exchange process [23, 24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8089, "input_1": "Because ribbons and short-wavelength folds occur together at the margins of crustal plateaus and show compatible principal strain orientations [Ghent and Hansen, 1999], it is possible that they formed simultaneously, under the principle that the shortest-wavelength tectonic features represent the…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8090, "input_1": "Despite no significant changes in active GLP-1 levels, 2.3- and 2.2-fold higher insulin (P = 0.045) and IGF-1 levels (P = 0.0045) were found in R6/2 mouse cortex compared to WT littermates (Fig.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8091, "input_1": "Our earlier work has stressed the importance of electric field frequency and phase with respect to intracellular chemical oscillators (Kindzelskii and Petty, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8092, "input_1": "Such a process favors local systems to take over on long-distance brain connections and decreases intellectual abilities, (van den Heuvel et al., 2009) which lead to a hypothesis of a continuum in the intrinsic network degradation from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment to AD dementia.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8093, "input_1": "In addition, both sustained and selective attention were measured with the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8094, "input_1": "The complexity of the tumor is increased by its extreme heterogeneity, supported by a vast array of genetic changes and cross-talk between signaling pathways (36, 37), which supply and sustain its high proliferation rate and its ability to infiltrate the surrounding normal parenchyma, representing themajor driving force behind tumor recurrence.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8095, "input_1": "We found a negative correlation of hyperactivity and BOLD response in the striatal node 1, which is consistent with previous studies in both clinical (2, 20) and nonclinical samples (35).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8096, "input_1": "A surface-exposed pocket of SspA that includes the Tyr92 residue is important for SspA activity [42] (Figure 5A), raising the question of whether phosphorylation of Tyr92 affects SspA activity.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8097, "input_1": "We have investigated breast cancer cell invasion in response to signaling cues and stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and ECs [28, 32].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8098, "input_1": "Both phylogenies show bindin alleles of each Neotropical species of Echinometra clustered into reciprocally monophyletic units, but in the McCartney and Lessios (2004) phylogeny,\nthe sister clade of E. lucunter alleles consisted of alleles of E. vanbrunti.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8099, "input_1": "In school-age children with CP, other researchers have found behavioral problems including passivity, immaturity, and anxiety (Graham & Rutter, 1968b; Haslett, 1978; Hourcade & Parette, 1984; Rosenbloom, 1971).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8100, "input_1": "Two studies using direct measurements by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp reported that intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight decreased the insulin sensitivity of whole body glucose uptake in young adult men and women combined (17) or of glycolysis, although not whole body glucose uptake in young adult men (18).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8101, "input_1": "Interestingly, PTB is relocalized from nucleus to the cytoplasm upon enterovirus infection as well as expression of 2A protease (34).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8102, "input_1": "[3] The major complication that may arise is the diffuse venous congestion due to drainage insufficiency,[6,7] neither originated by venous thrombosis nor by technical failures.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8103, "input_1": "…solutions with the algorithms from Abramov (1989), Petkovšek (1992), Abramov and Petkovšek (1994), Abramov and Zima (1996), Bronstein (2000), Schneider (2001, 2005c), simplifying the solutions by our advanced telescoping algorithms (Schneider, 2005a, 2008, 2010c, 2015) and taking the first…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8104, "input_1": "These results corroborate our previous findings in which we showed that even low-income individuals with limited education and no previous computer skills were able to navigate successfully an educational computer program after 5-15 minutes of supervised training, when specific user interface principles were implemented [38,39,56].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8105, "input_1": "Examples of such sequences include radial [36], spiral [37] and keyhole [38] acquisitions, which need validation for abdominal DCE-MRI.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8106, "input_1": "Its utilization in the context of cluster ensembles for gene expression data [18] is another significant future research.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8107, "input_1": "The validation study has shown that the root mean square differences for the hip and knee flexion/extension with three camera views were 2.6° and 7.5°, and multiple and perpendicular views were recommended to obtain more accurate results (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8108, "input_1": ", 1992; Murrell-Lagnado and Aldrich, 1993b) or by introducing, and altering the concentration of, an ‘‘inert’’ cation (Anderson et al., 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8109, "input_1": "Iterative rounds of model building with COOT and TLS-refinement and restrained maximum-likelihood refinement with REFMAC resulted in the final model at 1.55 AÃä resolution described in Table 1.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8110, "input_1": "Mothers reported on their symptoms of depression within the last week using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (Radloff, 1977).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8111, "input_1": "5 mmHg and an aortic afterload of 80 mmHg for 40 min as previously described (1, 12, 23, 24).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8112, "input_1": "NAC at 5–20 mM has been shown to block HIV infection, particularly at the step of transcription (49, 50, 63, 64).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8113, "input_1": "To quantify LD mass, we used a flow cytometry approach using BODIPY staining, as previously described [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8114, "input_1": "2004) and the other based on linkage disequilibrium following Waples (2006) and implemented in the program LDNe (Waples and Do 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8115, "input_1": ") [11] which can be used by adopting unrestricted programming model [12] and also restricted programming model [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8116, "input_1": "The four mammalian 50 noncoding exons are mutually exclusive; each is spliced directly to the first coding sequence (Drews et al. 2005).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8117, "input_1": "Here, we report our analyses of fungal co-occurrences in seeds from our field study (Shipunov et al., 2008), and new inoculation experiments to test the three hypotheses that might explain, singly or in combination, the limited infection that has been observed: the environmental limitation…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8118, "input_1": "Springer\n Instruments\n Data collection consisted of a questionnaire packet composed of three parts: demographic questions, a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) (Straus, 1979), and a modified version of the Domestic Violence Self-Labeling Scale (DVSLS) (Hamby & Gray-Little, 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8119, "input_1": ", loss of energy, changes in appetite, tiredness), researchers recommend increasing this cut-off to 16 when measuring depressive symptoms in pregnancy (Holcomb et al. 1996; Salamero et al. 1994).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8120, "input_1": "VASA and SCP1/SYCP1) are generally CpG-hypermethylated in normal somatic tissues; these findings indicate that DNA demethylation activates ectopic expression in tumors [36–39].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8121, "input_1": "Data gathering tool was a checklist extracted from a study by Hasan and Abuelrub[23] which was corrected to fit the current statistical population.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8122, "input_1": "The concentration of katanin in mitotic spindle poles (McNally and Thomas, 1998) and the specific activation of katanin’s activity in Mphase Xenopus extracts (Vale, 1991; McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggest that katanin may also sever microtubules from their centrosomal attachments during mitosis in…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8123, "input_1": "This idea is supported by reports of a1D expression in cone terminals ~Wilkinson & Barnes, 1996; Taylor & Morgans, 1998; Morgans, 1999, Morgans et al., 2001, 2005! and is consistent with the greater ERG b-wave deficit in mice lacking the VDCC b2 subunit ~Ball et al., 2002!, the only VDCC b subunit…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8124, "input_1": "The lower bound on 2 is derived in Weinstein and Weiss (1984a, 1984b) as the Ziv–Zakai lower bound ( ZZLB\n2 ) and has been adapted in elastography by Varghese and Ophir (1997a) as:\nZZLB 2\nsT 2\n6T T , BTSNRc\nThreshold1, BTSNRc\n2 BB\n2\nT T , BTSNRc Threshold2, BTSNRc\n2 CRLB\n2\nT T , BTSNRc.\n(3)\nHere, B…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8125, "input_1": "used in the method has been proven as a safe resource for biologic organisms [14, 15] and has been demonstrated to obtain numerous types of cell sheets successfully [13].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8126, "input_1": "To date, the knowledge of mito-nuclear interaction is somewhat limited, although some networks of anterograde and retrograde regulation have been described (Liu and Butow, 2006; Woodson and Chory, 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8127, "input_1": "Because of the high morbidity and mortality rates in the past, the surgical treatment of the intradural extramedullary metastasis was not recommended [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8128, "input_1": "Hunter take rates\nHunter take (catch per effort) is a widely applied method for assessing relative abundance of wildlife, including wild swine (Boitani et al. 1994; Fernandez-Llario et al. 2003).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8129, "input_1": "The measured torque (TQ) during isometric knee extension and plantar flexion were converted to muscle force (Fm) by the following equations (Kubo et al. 2007, 2009):\nFm ¼ k TQ MA 1\nwhere k is the relative contribution of the physiological cross sectional area in each of vastus lateralis muscle…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8130, "input_1": "Let us note that co-occurrence is nowadays a common method to find a relationship between biomedical concepts; co-occurrence methods are commonly used to discover new and hidden relations, following the seminal work of Swanson (see [15], [25] and the more detailed works [26–30]).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8131, "input_1": ", 2011 [11] Reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures Free vascularized fibula or osteocutaneous fibular flap Tibia 38 Good outcome with mean healing time of 21 weeks in 31 cases and of 32 weeks in 7 patients", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8132, "input_1": "For more details on EDC calculation, forwarder set selection, convergence and effects of node density, we refer the reader to the ORW paper [26].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8133, "input_1": ", and other skin commensals were considered contaminants when isolated from only one set of BCs [19] and in the absence of clinical and/or laboratory data suggesting their pathogenic role.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8134, "input_1": "(Leibold and McPeek 2006; Lekberg et al. 2013); 3) Disturbance-adapted AMF facilitate saprotrophs to degrade soil organic matter (Cheng et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8135, "input_1": "Some local features by combining of LBP and Gabor feature have been proposed [33–36], which can achieve better recognition performance than either feature alone.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8136, "input_1": "This position can be modulated by multiple factors, to include a person’s body position (upright vs supine) and mood (Tingey et al. 2001; Yilmaz et al. 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8137, "input_1": "In this respect, our results somehow disagree with the finding that Myo and Mav are not able to promote Smad2 phosphorylation in cell culture experiments (Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8138, "input_1": "Among the six studies that reported detailed results on the timing of randomized controlled trial registration, compliance with the ICMJE policy requiring prospective trial registration was poor [16, 22, 24, 27, 32, 33].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8139, "input_1": "PR refers to “an individual’s perception regarding the degree to which he or she can “reach” other individuals “anytime-and-anywhere” via mobile wireless technology” (Kim and Garrison, 2009, p. 326).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8140, "input_1": "In the task used by Hendriks et al. (2014), participants were asked to tell picturebased stories featuring two characters of the same gender to a hypothetical listener.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8141, "input_1": "However, sensitivity to change with time and treatment for the total FAI and the FAI fatigue severity subscale has been demonstrated in clinical trials and observational longitudinal studies.(72,83,85)", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8142, "input_1": "Serum separated from blood of each animal and analyzed the biochemical parameters such as, Glycosylated hemoglobin [13], Plasma insulin (Boehringer–Mannheim kit), total protein [14], SGOT [15], SGPT [15] and ALP [16].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8143, "input_1": "To determine whether the intron length or position of intronic binding sites in our CLIP tag set is specific to the species, developmental stage, and/or tissue type, we performed similar analyses on published CELF1 CLIP tags from postnatal mouse hindbrain [24].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8144, "input_1": "…cell firing rates generated by stimulation of a patch of granule cells were sufficient to smoothly alter the firing rates of the two populations of Purkinje cells to levels somewhat comparable to those observed during behavioral tasks (Frysinger et al. 1984; Lisberger and Fuchs 1978; Thach 1970).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8145, "input_1": "In addition, and in line with the findings of Miller et al. (2012a), we could show that species life-history traits and the species pool available at the landscape highly modulate the disturbance-diversity relationship.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8146, "input_1": "In chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, SMOH is thought to be responsible for the maintenance of the cancer stem cell sub-population propagating the leukemia (Peacock et al., 2007; Dierks et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2009).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8147, "input_1": "OPNI was calculated from the formula (17) where OPNI is equal to 10 x Albumin (g/100 mL) + 0.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8148, "input_1": "RIN values go from 1 to 10, where RIN 1 stands for totally degraded RNA, while 10 presents completely intact RNA\nN. N. Rosic (*) :O. Hoegh-Guldberg Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia e-mail: n.rosic@uq.edu.au\n(Schroeder et al. 2006).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8149, "input_1": "…neurons at their long (>1,000 m) dendrites (Campbell et al., 2005) or at their axons in this study, interaction of GnIH-ir fibers with GnRH-I neurons is consistent with results in birds (Bentley et al., 2003; Ubuka et al., 2008a), rodents (Kriegsfeld et al., 2006), and sheep (Smith et al., 2008).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8150, "input_1": "[35] found that survivors sometimes hid cognitive difficulties from their employer.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8151, "input_1": "Whereas Lorden used crude upper bounds for the Type I error probability that are too conservative for practical applications, Bartroff and Lai (2008) overcome this difficulty by developing numerical methods to compute the Type I error probability and also extended the three-stage test to…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8152, "input_1": "The doses of the antagonists were shown to be selective for their respective CCK2 and CCK1 receptors (Ladurelle et al. 1997, 1998).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8153, "input_1": "Orsini et al. (2005) showed that C57 mice are more sensitive then DBA mice to morphine CPP.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8154, "input_1": "These domains comprise verbal fluency (Triggs et al., 1999; Fabre et al., 2004), attentional control (Vanderhasselt et al.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8155, "input_1": "an alternate construction by Okamoto [25] based on RSA, and the Ong-Schnorr [26] scheme based on factoring) also have the three mentioned properties and are therefore leakage-resilient as well.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8156, "input_1": "The swim-specific resistance group included resistive-band training [2], arms-only training [34], drag-suit training [35] and the measurement of active drag (MAD) device system [36].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8157, "input_1": "Our data on early differentiation of pyramidal neurons are confirmed by experimental results indicating that cortical plate neurons in surviving slices of the cerebral cortex of 18 to 22 week old human fetuses generate action potentials [21].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8158, "input_1": "The validity of long-term recall of childhood body fatness was examined during a follow up of the Third Harvard Growth Study, a longitudinal study of physical and mental growth which took place from 1922–1935 (22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8159, "input_1": "The µ-opioid receptor agonist morphine also induced inhibitory effects in both assays, in accordance with previous reports describing the opiate-mediated inhibition of the BSL evoked in mice by excitatory amino acids and neurokinins (Aanonsen et al. 1987; Takahasi et al. 1987; Wilcox 1988).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8160, "input_1": "Cancer cells usually have a different genome structure from normal [2], therefore, genomes of human cell lines cannot be fully explained by the human reference genome [3].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8161, "input_1": "This study supports the theory of a tumor origin from multipotential progenitor cells.(14) Reports of the Ki67 labeling index have demonstrated great variety.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8162, "input_1": "The efficient removal of lignin due to the prior steam pretreatment and the lower acid content of the cooking liquor likely limited the decrease in the molecular weight of the lignin in the pulping liquor which is typically observed during organosolv pretreatment (Pan et al., 2006a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8163, "input_1": "Furthermore, the notion of targeting specific miRNA:mRNA interactions via morpholino technology may avoid the deleterious effects of broad inhibition of miR-21 (82) and more specific delivery technologies such as β-glucan microparticles, which hone specifically to macrophages could be utilized to limit the effects of inhibition to a specific target cell-type (83).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8164, "input_1": "[5] showed a 45% reduction in requirements for analgesics during the intraoperative period after clonidine premedication compared to standard premedication in patients undergoing bypass surgery.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8165, "input_1": "Gadolinium enhancement of the inflamed tissues is usually present with MRI.(15) The present case varied slightly in that the foreign body was isointense to hyperintense on precontrast T1-weighted images with the surrounding inflammatory reaction also being hyperintense to muscle.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8166, "input_1": "In a previous study (22), we reported that consumption of the alcohol-containing diet for a period of 2–3 mo impaired nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilatation of pial arterioles.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8167, "input_1": "lusitaniae in her stools and a positive mannan assay result (immunoenzyme assay, 500 pg/ml) (27, 28).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8168, "input_1": "Whole mount in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes was performed as described [61]. cDNA probes used for in situ hybridization were as described previously: Brachyury [23], Foxa2/HNF3β [26], Hesx1 [62], Lhx1 [27], Otx2 [28], and Bmp4 [29].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8169, "input_1": "Recent technological advances have also enabled precision deep-water surveys with both remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) [Ballard et al., 2000; Whitcomb et al., 2000; Singh et al., 2000] and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) [e.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8170, "input_1": "Nevertheless, β-arr2 dissociation from ICL3 precluded reliable determination of FLNA(16-23) binding kinetics to the β-arr2/ICL3 complex.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8171, "input_1": "Interestingly, E2F-1 was specifically down-regulated in androgen-stimulated cells after paclitaxel administration; this result is consistent with observations of effective taxane treatment in head and neck cancers (43).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8172, "input_1": "Some Bacillus strains secrete significantly large amounts of alkaline proteases with good stability at higher pH and temperature values, which can be considered as compatible additives in laundry detergents [5–7, 14, 16, 17, 20, 27].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8173, "input_1": "Clinically, several studies have indicated that high IFP in the tumor is correlated with poor prognosis (15, 21, 22).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8174, "input_1": "The inflection pressure of SA1 is 10 GPa lower than that of SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and 3 GPa lower than that of MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8175, "input_1": "Lastly, MA has been reduced using a signal processing technique known as ratiometry (25,26).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8176, "input_1": "The C. elegans slow killing assay was conducted as described by Tan et al. (1999a) with minor modifications.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8177, "input_1": "Concerning the adaptation to HMs in plants, woody plants and herbaceous may possess similar physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying HM uptake, transport, sequestration, and detoxification (Luo et al., 2016).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8178, "input_1": "The mutant version of the tumor suppressor p53, which is mutated in 50% of cancers, drives invasion through enhanced Rab coupling protein (RCP)–dependent recycling of α5β1, the main receptor for FN, and several RTKs, EGFR, and Met (Caswell et al., 2008; Muller et al., 2013).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8179, "input_1": "Mitochondrial division is a complex process that is essential for survival in mammals (Nunnari and Suomalainen, 2012; Archer, 2014) and is facilitated by the actin cytoskeleton (De Vos et al., 2005; DuBoff et al., 2012; Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8180, "input_1": "Many techniques for bone defatting are described in the literature, including mechanical cleaning with water or air jet,(8) acetone ⁄ ethanol solution,(9) enzyme detergents,(8) hydrogen peroxide,(11) aqueous sodium hydroxide,(12) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).(8,13) We adopted the latter technique, because it has been found suitable for formalinized specimens,(7) is safe for personnel and is very low cost.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8181, "input_1": "However, the relationships between those polymorphisms and susceptibility to AS remain unclear; some studies on association between PD-1, CTLA-4 polymorphisms and AS risk had used comparatively small samples [17–24], and the results about the role of PD-1 or CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in AS patients are inconsistent and inconclusive.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8182, "input_1": "Intuitively this is done by using packed secret-sharing [16], where several values are packed and then shared in a single instance of secret-sharing.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8183, "input_1": "The FE model predicted that the piston stapes prosthesis implantation would affect the RW membrane displacements, which is consistent with the experimental data reported by Wysocki et al. (2011) and Stenfelt et al. (2004b).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "result"}
{"id": 8184, "input_1": "It has also been shown that rapamycin can prevent chronic mechanical-overload-induced increases in fiber size (i.e. hypertrophy) (Bodine et al., 2001; Goodman et al., 2011a).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8185, "input_1": "…these traits are strict seasonal breeding, cathemerality (equal activity during both day and night), low basal metabolic rates, a low degree of frugivory (a highly variable food source) for primates of their body size, female dominance, and a lack of sexual dimorphism (reviewed in Wright 1999).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8186, "input_1": "In [5], Sigurjonsson and Kim obtained bounds on the capacity region for two-user MACs with identical causal side information at the transmitters.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8187, "input_1": "We used the apparent modulus to estimate apparent bone strength (ultimate stress, MPa) according to previously determined linear relationship between these two outcomes [7].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8188, "input_1": "This deceleration can be caused by the structural change of the Mn4CaO5 catalyst that occurs upon the S2 → S3 transition and/or by the additional oxidation of the OEC [13,52,53].", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8189, "input_1": "Importantly, the results of Pascalis et al. (2005) also revealed that the now 9- month-olds (i.e., those infants who received additional exposure to the monkey faces) still showed reliable discrimination of monkey faces whereas a second group of 9-month-olds who did not receive the 3 months of…", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8190, "input_1": "As suggested by Nguena et al, there is a need to educate health professionals in remote areas and to develop a simple‐to‐follow algorithm to aid in the accurate diagnosis of OSSN.[8] The use of smart phone applications that are available in ophthalmology to transmit images from the field to the referral centers would be another way to improve early diagnosis of OSSN.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8191, "input_1": "Skeletal muscle is also a primary site of disease in mouse models of ALS (Dobrowolny et al., 2008; Wong and Martin, 2010; Luo et al., 2013) and possibly in human ALS (Vielhaber et al., 2000).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}
{"id": 8192, "input_1": "ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS Roles for several transcription factors have been demonstrated in TLR activation, including AP-1-binding proteins (such as cjun and c-fos) and NF-κB (Akira, 2009; Kawai and Akira, 2010) and some of these have been implicated in TLR signaling in the mast cell.", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "method"}
{"id": 8193, "input_1": "Most studies focused on the relation between brain activation and motor function (Guzzetta et al. 2007; Staudt et al. 2002) or the effects of intervention on brain activation (Golomb et al. 2010; Sutcliffe et al. 2009; Walther et al. 2009; You et al. 2005; Cope et al. 2010).", "instruction": "Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.\n\n      What is the citation below describing?\n\n      \"{{input_1}}\"\n\n      ", "output": "background"}