One way to understand these algorithms is to view their cost functions as free-energy functions from statistical physics (Yedidia et al., 2004; Heskes, 2003).

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GATA4 is a critical transcription factor of most cardiacexpressed structural genes and hypertrophy-related genes, including the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene [13,14].

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Parke’s (1999) Error Duration Model contains long memory exclusively at the zero frequency.

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Once in aquatic environments, inorganic Hg is microbiologically transformed to MeHg (Anderson et al. 2004; Zahir et al. 2005), making it more prone to biomagnification (Zahir et al. 2005).

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An SVC is equivalent to a shunt capacitor and a shunt reactor that can be adjusted to control the voltage and reactive power at its terminals in a prescribed manner [9].

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On the other hand, whereas the benchmark optimal adaptive test needs to assume a specified alternative, these adaptive two-stage tests and the adaptive tests of Bartroff and Lai (2008) do not require such assumptions as they consider the estimated alternative at the end of the first stage.

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To analyze the stability of such a multi-agent system, there are many possible approaches, such as the frequency domain approach (Olfati-Saber & Murray, 2004), the Lyapunov-based approach (Chopra & Spong, 2006; Hong et al., 2008; Lin et al., 2008; Liu & Passino, 2006; Olfati-Saber & Murray, 2004;…

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In this article, we report absolute measurements of the optical coefficients of two-layered media that expand on our previous work on multi-distance absolute measurements on tissue-like phantoms [66], animal brain [35,51], and human brain [37].

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Transient expression of antibody fragments in tobacco leaves The system for transient expression in tobacco was based on MagnICON‚Ñ¢ vectors from Icon Genetics GmbH (Halle, Germany) [60,61].

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These observations confirm previous results from our team [53] who reported that an early reduction of CgA levels within 3 months from treatment (either surgical or systemic) can anticipate favourable prognosis.

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GFP fluorescence of COS7 cells expressing GFP-COQ7 and the deletion mutants GFPCOQ7(11-217), lacking amino acids 1-10, and GFP-COQ7(30-217), lacking amino acids 1-29.

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Some investigations did not find any association of statin use with anti-cancer effects on bladder cancer, while others suggested that statins increase the risk of bladder cancer [10,11].

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…traditionally put forward as a major biological factor facilitating herbivory and frugivory in lizards (see Schoener et al. 1982; Van Damme 1999; Cooper and Vitt 2002), a recent review of frugivory and seed dispersal by lizards suggested that frugivory should be considered an island phenomenon,…

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Aedes aegypti is a poikilothermic species; therefore, changes in response to environmental factors such as humidity, temperature and rainfall can affect the genetic structure of its populations [52,53].

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By contrast, 3H-forskolin, which labels the G,-adenylate cyclase complex (Seamon et al., 1984), shows pronounced density in the molecular layer of the cerebellum without labeling the deep nuclei (Worley et al., 1986b).

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Prothrombotic disorders were present in 11 children: antiphospholipid antibodies (n=5) [21, 31, 32, 36]; combined protein S deficiency and antiphospholipid antibodies (n=2) [36]; protein S deficiency (n=2) [16, 22]; protein C deficiency (n=1) [42]; heterozygote APC resistance (n=1) [26].

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Additionally, PTM sites possessing protein structures with modified residues were obtained from annotations on the PTM-SD database [19].

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Montreal WiFi Network: A co-location network for N = 103,425 users (nodes) of the Île Sans Fil free public wireless network in Montreal, Canada, where edges represent concurrent hotspot usage [56].

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These genes were further filtered through phylogenetic analysis alongwith previously known CSL proteins from Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, maize, and rice, which reflected some non-targeted genes that were removed from further analysis [26].

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Members of this family are present in animals from cnidarians to mammals and contain at least one cysteine-rich CABIT domain and a low-complexity proline-rich stretch (Chung et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2009).

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This model is derived from the results obtained in [34], where the authors evaluate the rate-distortion curve for thousands of time series from real datasets that are compressed with lightweight algorithms typically adopted by resource-constrained sensors.

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A comparison between the findings of Krajcarski et al. (1999) and the rested values in the present study revealed similar effects of pre- load and added load on peak trunk flexion and extensor moments. The EMG activity of the trunk extensor muscles (TES and LES) had similar responses to the loading conditions, although the pre-trial LES and TES EMG amplitudes from Krajcarski et al. (1999) were about 6 to 13 %MVC larger than was found in the current study. Also, the peak muscle activity of the TES was about 10 %MVC lower and the IO and EO had larger EMG amplitudes during the pre-trial and trial in the Krajcarski et al. (1999) study.

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…semi- or
nonparametric frontier models have been developed (e.g., Simar, 1992; Park and Simar, 1994; Fan et al., 1996; Kneip and Simar, 1996; Park et al., 1998, 2003, 2006; Post et al., 2002; Griffin and Steel, 2004; Henderson and Simar, 2005; Kuosmanen et al., 2007; and Kumbhakar et al., 2007).

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We include treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and thiazide diuretic for those without CVD or cerebrovascular disease history, while including beta-blockers for those with such a history, as per WHO guidelines further detailed in Text S1 [16,25].

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Most algorithms proposed for mining closed patterns require all candidates found so far to be kept in memory to avoid duplicates [9, 11, 12].

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Moreover HDAC1 is not crucial for enzymatic function of HDAC2 in embryonic stem cells, however overexpression of HDAC2 cannot compensate for the loss of HDAC1 (Lagger et al., 2002).

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Going beyond a linear predictor, we used two implementations of SVMs, SVM-light [36] and Partek (Partek Software, http://www.partek.com), and examined radial, polynomial, and sigmoid kernels.

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In addition, previous studies have shown that myocardial scar size and characteristics predict spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in patients with an ischemic cardiomyopathy [25–28] which can result in worse survival independent of LV functional improvement.

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This increase activates the Na/Ca exchanger, which leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].

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Also, a recent study suggested that retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may be increased due to INDO [20].

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We expected partners with a lower level of education to be more vulnerable to high distress [13] and partners’ level of distress in the long term to influence that of the patients [10].

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Finding a serum -hCG level greater than the discriminatory zone, in combination with an indeterminate ultrasonography, has been shown to be associated with ectopic pregnancy.(8,9) Typical transvaginal discriminatory zone values in the literature range from 1,500 to 3,000 mIU/mL and have largely been developed according to radiology-performed ultrasonography in outpatients,(10) with intrauterine pregnancy defined as the visualization of a gestational sac.

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Excess glutamate and excitotoxicity also contributes to epilepsy (Meldrum, 1994), and causes seizures in animal models.

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Fractions 1, 2 and 3 were identified to contain different proteases, while fraction 4 showed four main peaks PhTx1, PhTx2, PhTx3 and PhTx4, containing polypeptides and enhancing different toxicological effects [19,20].

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PerRBS regulon genes includes katA, ahpCF, hemAXCDBL, mrgA, pfeT (formerly zosA), fur, and perR (Fuangthong et al., 2002; Guan et al., 2015).

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Immunoaffinity purification of TLA. mAb G19 recognizes an extracellular epitope associated with the tip link (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).

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Recent advanced templatebased approach (17) and new approaches with R2* to HU conversion (41) and zero-echotime (42) show similar results to our approach and/or great potential for further improvement of MR-AC.

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…one another in many acoustic features, such as Voice Onset Time (VOT), fundamental frequency, and the amplitude difference between the first harmonic and the second one (Cho et al. 2002, Han and Weitzman 1970, Kang 2014, Lisker and Abramson 1964, Oh 2011, Silva 2006, Wright 2007, among others).

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The RDCs have been successfully applied in the refinement of protein structures (Stauffer et al. 2002), nucleic acids (McCallum and Pardi 2003) and protein– RNA complexes (Bayer et al. 1999).

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As anticipated, FLNA(16-23) did not affect β-arr2 interaction with ICL3ΔCt (Figure 7B), but partially inhibited β-arr2 binding to ICL3 (Figure 7C); we were unable to saturate ICL3 at the FLNA(16-23) concentration used (400 nM), which might explain this partial inhibition.

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A number of studies, using closed DNA minicircles or plasmids that lack free ends, have shown that Ku also exhibits sequence-specific DNA binding to regulatory DNA elements effecting gene transcription and DNA replication [13, 54].

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We shall compare our iterative process with the algorithm [25] to help understanding our extended version.

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If too many side-effects are found with currently available hypnotics, it will be of interest to determine whether newer genetic methods for enhancing sleep in rodents can reverse/attenuate or slow-down Alzheimer's pathology in rodent models (Jego et al., 2013; Konadhode et al., 2013; Anaclet et al., 2014).

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Using this KO model, DRA was found to contribute significantly to transcellular oxalate absorption, accounting for 42, 57 and 41% of J ms across the distal ileum, cecum and distal colon, respectively [17].

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Prdm1 (encoding Blimp-1) has known roles in effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cell differentiation (Rutishauser et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2009; Johnston et al., 2009).

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Intriguingly, using MPRs-deficient MEF cells, mouse and human CLN5 have been shown to reach lysosomes in an MPRindependent manner [12].

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This area has been the subject of a great deal of recent interest [1, 7, 11, 14, 20].

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In other words, the selectively bred animals would mainly differ in trait anxiety, which is an enduring feature of an individual and, consequently, does not vary from moment to moment, in contrast to state anxiety, which is provoked by an anxiogenic stimulus and only experienced at a particular moment in time (Belzung & Griebel, 2001; Lister, 1990).

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Hearts were excised and perfused retrograde via the aorta with modified Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) buffer oxygenated with 95% O2-5% CO2 as previously described (12).

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Buccal swabs from 379 IWHs were taken using Isohelix DNA Buccal Swabs (Cell Projects Ltd. UK).

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As reported in a previous study (18), Dox-induced myocardial accumulation of LC3 and p62 proteins indicates a possible impairment of autophagic degradation.

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It was suggested that the enhanced sympathetic nervous system resulting from a low protein diet increased cell proliferation and enhanced gastric carcinogenesis [77].

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Additionally, several authors have reported cases where prolactin secreting adenomas either came to diagnosis or increased in size after exogenous estrogen administration or during pregnancy [4,5,7,8,9].

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Although phase 1 frequency decays rapidly and substantially, generating a wide range of instantaneous frequencies in a short period (Krans and Chapple 2005), the CoV was still less than those computed for phase 2 and 3 distributions.

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It is well known that dexketoprofen acts principally through inhibiting COX-1 [15], and meloxicam is a selective and specific COX-2 inhibitor [4, 10].

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To confirm these findings and explore which stage of the S-phase checkpoint pathway is defective in ctf18–2A cells, we examined the Mec1-dependent phosphorylation of the CMG helicase (42).

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However, two other groups found that excitatory transmission was depressed only in wildtype mice (Kawamura et al., 2006; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).

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…cocaine seeking is at peak levels between WD30 and WD90 and is
accompanied by increased BDNF levels, incubation of sucrose seeking in rats is much less persistent, returning to basal levels by WD90, and is not associated with increased BDNF levels in the NAc (Grimm et al., 2003; Lu et al., 2004c).

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For example, the maximum total cardiac output at 23 ˚C in Reeves’s study was around 30–40 ml min21 kg21, a value considerably lower than that reported by Shelton and Burggren (1976).

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This pattern of crypt hyperplastic enteropathy also characterizes many infective states [21, 22], but in our Zambian population villous height and crypt depth are positively correlated [18], as occurs during starvation [23].

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…even after the sensory input has been restored with CI technology, CI users show higher cross-modal activation in both visual and auditory cortex compared to normal hearing (NH) controls (Chen et al., 2016; Giraud et al., 2001a; Giraud et al., 2001b; Sandmann et al., 2012; Stropahl et al., 2016).

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We also calculated home range fidelity, defined as the percentage of the total accumulated home range used during each year or study period (Laver and Kelly 2008; Börger et al. 2008).

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Results can be returned in various forms, including the SZS-compliant result status used in the CASC [27, 36] competition for automated theorem provers.

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Regardless of these differences, the results from both studies that used sites located in the 2004/2005 Alaska fire events were substantially different from previous findings from research in Canada, where the residual organic layers under trees were substantially shallower than the organic layers from across the plot (Miyanishi and Johnson, 2002; Greene et al., 2007).

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IF cells were lysed in lysis buffer (Iwatani et al., 2005) at 55 1C overnight, and the genomic DNA was extracted using the standard method of phenol-chloroform extraction.

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It also extends the number of dendrophylliid corals known from the Azores to eight (Braga-Henriques et al. 2013).

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Model calculations overpredicted the OH concentrations (Mao et al., 2009), particularly at altitudes less than 2 km, but found the overprediction to correlate with HCHO concentrations, indicating missing reactive VOCs in the model (Mao et al.

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The concerns around these have therefore not been about being medically unsafe, but about their marketing potentially overstating product effectiveness and exploiting existing sociocultural biases (Karnani, 2007; Agarwal and Roy, 2012).

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of the mice (n = 89) that were phenotyped for innominate artery atherosclerosis, an artery that recapitulates human atherosclerosis [40].

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The randomized response technique for polling was first introduced in 1965 [25].

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…previously identified POR genes, AtPORC is not expressed so strong in early seedling development, but its transcript levels increase in etiolated seedlings by illumination and are predominantly detectable in older seedlings and adult plants (Oosawa et al. 2000; Su et al. 2001; Frick et al. 2003).

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Moreover, increasing number of studies has been carried out with multi-channel measurements with an aim to analyze the characteristics with respect to different auscultation locations simultaneously [1, 2].

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Parallelization with GNU parallel
 To get the subset of results related to the e-commerce packages of interest, we merged the top 40 list provided by Robertshaw, the top ten of builtwith.comand the leading systemsfrom the Gartner and Forresterreports, as already mentioned.

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Output: method


PS36 was used previously in a P. sojae genetic population study (Dorrance and Grünwald 2009), and P74-75 amplified interspecific polymorphic bands of P. sojae, P. rubi, and P. europea (Schena et al. 2008).

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Previous studies have demonstrated that ixazomib has a shorter proteasome dissociation half-life, a larger blood volume distribution at a steady state, and a greater and more constant biodistribution than bortezomib [4, 14, 17].

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Under mild regularity conditions on the densities (see Hyvärinen, 2005; Sriperumbudur et al., 2017, and below), the score can be rewritten
J(p0||pT ) =E [ d∑
i=1 ∂2i Tx(y) +
1 2(∂iTx(y))
2 ]
+E [ d∑
i=1 ∂iTx(y)∂i log q0(y)
] + J(p0||q0)
where J(p0||q0) is a constant term for the optimization…

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Sustained interest exists to numerically model electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by radiators embedded within planar-layered media of diverse anisotropy and loss [1]–[3].

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…bird species), it is males that suffer from higher mortality when the parental effort is increased; this may be because males tend to adjust their investment according to brood size while females are working on their maximum level irrespective of the current brood size (Santos and Nakagawa 2012).

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No, or very few, UB-IG have been found in the mouse (Grozdanovic et al. 1992) and rat (Gabella and Uvelius 1990).

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In [12] the authors give upper and lower bound of the message delivery delay in multi-copy message routing scheme.

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These results are in accord with a general model for deuteromycete fungal isolate comparisons described by Maurer et al (125); both MetarhiziumandBeauveria are generalist fungal genera, which sometimes specialize on insects.

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Output: result


The free cytosolic ADP concentration ([ADP]) was calculated according to the method previously described by Kemp and coworkers (33), assuming that PCr represents 85% of the total creatine content (Cr PCr) (7):

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For example, in the liver, pancreas, lung, and intestine, Sox9-positive cells can generate new daughter cells and differentiate into functional cells in damaged organs (Antoniou et al., 2009; Reginensi et al., 2011; Seymour et al., 2007; Turcatel et al., 2013; Vidal et al., 2005).

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Until now, research has mainly focused on the biological activities of chemicals extracted from the seeds and roots of J. mandshurica (Lee et al., 2000; Li et al., 2003a, 2003b; Min et al., 2002; Kim et al., 1998; Sugie et al., 1998), with few reports on the bioactive chemicals from the leaves.

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Therefore, we adopted ClinVar [50] to map all the HPO terms to UMLS, and utilized SIDD [51] to map all the disease names in DO to MeSH ID, provided that there are direct mappings between MeSH ID and UMLS.

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Increased tract size may be selectively favoured to grant females greater control over fertilization under sperm competition (Birkhead 1995).

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The results for veridical recall replicated previous results in the literature (Bal-
lardini et al., 2008; McDermott & Watson, 2001), with the average recall of studied words increas-
ing monotonically as SOA increased.

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Our results are consistent with several studies that have found increases in soil C following conversion of forest to other land uses, primarily pasture (Lugo and Brown, 1993; Fisher et al., 1994; Neill et al., 1997b) and contrast with studies that have found decreases in soil C following conversion (Veldkamp, 1994; Van Dam et al.

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This is supported by evidence that the degree of locomotion following administration of rewarding drugs correlates with extracellular DA levels in Nac (Miczek et al., 2011, Shimamoto et al., 2011, Valenti et al., 2012).

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Further complicating the issue, social desirability, varied interpretations of questions, and problems in recall can impede accurate measurements of risky sexual behavior (Brewer, Garrett, & Kulasingam, 1999; Brody, 1995; Schroder et al., 2003).

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…we recently demonstrated the important role of another 89-kDa periplasmic protein localized in the invasion tip during bacterial escape from the host digestive vacuole, migration through the host cytoplasm towards the target nucleus, and invasion into the macronucleus (Iwatani et al., 2005).

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Dynamic strain measurement in distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) is essential for structural health monitoring (SHM) of the strain changes induced by aging material and seismic or man-made activities [1].

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Giles (2005) found almost 14,000 citations in WoS for a paper in Science by Saiki et al. (1988) on the polymerase chain reaction, identifying it as the most highly cited paper ever to appear in that journal, whereas GS returned just under 3000 citations.

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It is the P450’s unique capacity to selectively oxygenate inactive carbons that provides biosynthesis with its competitive advantage over traditional chemical approaches (20, 21).

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In accordance to these results, recent work from our laboratory has shown decreased pulmonary expression of PPARc and BMPR2 signalling in the vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH lungs on day 21 [6, 31].

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To examine whether these signaling pathways were involved in lung tumor exosome-mediated adipogenic inhibition of hAD-MSCs, we blocked these signaling with respective pathway inhibitor SB431542 [18], SP600125 [19], LY294002 [20], U0126 [21], and SB203580 [19] followed by tumor exosome treatment.

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Output: method


Buck, unpublished observations), nitric oxide synthase expression and activity resulting in the synthesis of NO, which interacts with superoxide to generate peroxynitrite (33, 48), a compound highly reactive with sulfur-containing amino acids, such as Cys (12).

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The present study findings concur with previous reports in that when bone defects occur they are commonly on the tibial side (3,11,22,24).

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To ensure the quality of our implementation, we consulted the author and obtained comparable results when our implemented algorithm was tested under similar conditions as in [21].

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…difference between aspirated and lenis is merging for younger speakers, resulting in a two-way VOT contrast: aspirated & lenis (long VOT) vs. tense (short VOT) (Choi 2002, Kang and Guion 2008, Kang 2014, Kim 2000, Kim 2004, Kong et al. 2011, Lee and Jongman 2012, Oh 2011, Silva 2006, Wright 2007).

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The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve shows the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity as one changes the cut-off values for positivity.(9,10) The sensitivity versus 1-specificity plot in ROC space is called ROC curve.

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Because there was no rat ATP5G3 cDNA sequence available in GenBank databases, for ATP5G3 coding sequence information, the rat pancreatic cDNA library was screened via PCR with ATP5G3 gene-specific primers (Table 1) that were designed based on the human ATP5G3 cDNA sequence (U09813) (50).

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Previously, we reported the occurrence of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase in A.tumefaciens IAM12048
(Yoshida et al. 2004a).

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While much is known about the sympathetic regulation of cardiac function in health and disease, less interest has been paid to the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system [66].

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Sequences include those for AcMNPV (7), Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV) (3), BmNPV (25), LdMNPV (40), SeMNPV (37), XcGV (30), PxGV (28), HaSNPV G4 (13), Helicoverpa armigera NPV (HaNPV) (GenBank accession number NC_003094), SpltMNPV (50), CpGV (46), CuniNPV (2), E.

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Even though chyle has been defined as a noninflammatory fluid, inflammation is part of themechanism responsible for the presence of this type of fluid in pleural and peritoneal cavities as in other forms of serositis associated in SLE [3].

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An alternate theory suggests the formation of free radicals by incident laser energy and light absorption by fungal pigment xanthomegnin, present in high concentration in Trichophyton rubrum [13].

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In long-term experiments, as those for investigating the apoptotic effect of arachidonic acid, a complete cultivation medium was required to ensure optimal growth conditions (Dymkowska et al.,
2006).

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Human serum may be used as a substrate for ESC culture (Xu et al., 2001; Amit et al., 2004; Beattie et al., 2005; Stojkovic et al., 2005a; Fletcher et al., 2006; Braam et al., 2008; Miyazaki et al., 2008; Baxter et al., 2009; Valamehr et al., 2011).

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Letters have a broad spatial frequency spectrum, but the most important frequency of a letter is thought to be :2 cycles per letter width [16,17].

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At the level of strategical planning, both Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Deutsche Bahn AG use software which is based on the PESP-model ([19, 11]).

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Antibodies for immunohistochemistry were: anti-FSP1 rabbit polyclonal antibody, 1:1,000 (7, 8); FITC- or P6-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Vector Laboratories Inc.

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…of three transcription factors that regulate expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and glucose metabolism (Jeon and Osborne, 2012; Raghow et al., 2008), and Srebp1/2 are known to interact with Hmgb1/2; their activity has been reported to be enhanced by Hmgb1 (Najima et al., 2005).

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The contradictory findings that human p60 binds stably to microtubules in vitro but never co-localizes with microtubules in vivo (McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggested that katanin might interact transiently with microtubules in vivo.

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…the mouse heart was lost after ADX (Oishi et al., 2006) and the circadian expression of heart mPai-1 was completely abolished in Clockmutant mice (Minami et al., 2002; Oishi et al., 2005a), these results suggest that the distal mPai-1 E-box identified here is a target for GC action and may…

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We used xtcsd routine in STATA, developed by De Hoyos and Sarafidis (2006) to check such assumptions in STATA.

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Murray [3] used gait to classify the pathologically abnormal patients into different group for appropriate treatment.

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This result supports the hypothesis of a stronger role for BDNF during childhood when, in addition to the presence of lower BDNF levels (Casey et al., 2009), neuronal networks dependent of neural plasticity (Angelucci et al.

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…skeletal muscle lipid esters have been shown to be related to variations in insulin sensitivity (16:0, 16:1, 18:2 n-6, 20:3 n-6, 20:4 n-6 and SFA) (Salomaa et al., 1990; Borkman et al., 1993; Vessby et al., 1994, 2002; Pan et al., 1995; Lovejoy et al., 2001; Pelikanova et al., 2001; Vessby, 2003).

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Recent advances in biliary drainage techniques have dramatically improved the mortality rate from [40% before the 1970s [7–9] to the more recent rate of \20% [10, 11].

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There are several advanced statistical sampling techniques, such as the repeated runs and batch means methods [11], whereby point-estimate predictions are possible using only a few (about 30 [12, 11]) i.

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The accuracy of predictions is measured in average precision (AP; equivalently, the area under the precision-recall curve) evaluated based on Sym criteria adopted from [5]: Based on Sym, a hypothesis is accepted (considered as a true positive) if the distance to ground-truth is smaller than 0.

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In a study in Vancouver, Brauer et al. (2008) found significant negative associations
between NO2 exposure and fetal growth when they used an AQMS-based approach, but no association when they used a LUR model.

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have been proposed as potential alternatives to the Turing Test, specifically targeting its potential weaknesses and inadequacy [1].

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PBN is widely used for ROS scavenging, and most importantly, has been shown to reverse the age-related oxidative changes and to reduce oxidative damage from ischemia/reperfusion injury.(40-44) The antioxidant activity of PBN protects biologically important molecules from oxidative damage.

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Western blot analysis was performed as described (20, 24), using 10 mg of protein per lane.

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(Chen et al., 2009; de Bruijn et al., 2002; Sugiyama et al., 2003; Zovein et al., 2008) species indicate that IAHCs derive from hemogenic ECs through an Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition (EHT).

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More details about the acquisition protocol can be found in Ferizi et al. (2015).

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The identification of a single chicken 50-RACE product contrasts with our previous identification of four different noncoding exons by 50 RACE of human and mouse transcripts (Drews et al. 2005), and suggests that mammalian exon 1c represents the ancestral exon.

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associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and in particular the intestinal immune system, develops immune tolerance to dietary antigens and components of the bacterial Xora to which epithelial tissues are exposed constantly (Dubois et al. 2003).

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PKBR1, however, also becomes activated upon cAMP stimulation by phosphorylation in both the AL site by PdkA and in the HM site by TorC2 (Kamimura et al., 2008, 2010; Cai et al., 2010; Liao et al., 2010).

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Because the degree of reorientation depends on the z position within the liquid crystal layer, the total phase delay G generated by a cell of thickness d results from the following integration (27, 28):

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…on school nurses (n = 167) and their preparedness to teach within the context of sexual health care revealed that although over 75% of the participants were involved in the provision of sex education, over half expressed the need for further development and education in this area (McFayden 2004).

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Importantly, brain atrophy measures based on T1w images are shown to correlate with the amount of tau deposition and neuropsychological deficits, thus validating its use as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Frisoni et al., 2010).

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This is consistent with the absence of a θ-globin gene from the region between platypus α1- and ω-globin, its expected location based on its position in marsupial αglobin clusters [12,56].

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We compare KCDML not only with the state-of-art methods including our current work‚ÄîCDML [38], Huang's method [43] and PCA combined with RBF (PCA-RBF) [43], but also with important baseline methods, such as PCA Kernel PCA (KPCA), LPP, Kernel LPP (KLPP) [44] and LDA.

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Eyelid suture, on the other hand, produces a novel pattern of thin dark columns alternating with wide pale columns (Horton, 1984; Hendry and Jones, 1986; Crawford et al., 1989; Trusk et al., 1990, Tigges et al., 1992).

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In vivo, 8 bp sequences have ∼100 accidental matches within a bacterial genome (20); however, almost no 20 bp sequence has an accidental match.

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Syllables with a voiced onset developed a low tone, and those with a voiceless initial induced a high tone, resulting in a six-way tonal contrast (2 pitch heights x 3 contours).1
(Kang 2014, Kim 2000, Oh 2011, Silva 2006, Wright 2007).

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Previously, verbal autopsy in Ethiopia has been used to estimate HIV/AIDS and Malaria caused mortality and to evaluate the impact of AntiRetroviral Therapy (ART) interventions [11,12].

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…and provides significant gains even in the NIST data setting, showing that this method can be effectively applied directly on the sentence level to large training
5An avenue of future work would condition the sentence topic distribution on a document distribution over topics (Teh et al., 2006).

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Under the notation in equation (13), the good-deal bounds are a coherent risk measure of Artzner et al. (1999), which searches for the infimum of all risk measures over an acceptance set. Delbaen (2002) further shows that any coherent risk measure can be expressed as a worst expected loss over a given set of probabilities and Jaschke and Küchler (2001) link the good-deal bounds to coherent risk measures by showing that the good-deal bounds are coherent valuation bounds.

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This rhythm is present in ovigerous blue crabs during all stages of egg development, in many crabs between clutches of eggs and continues as crabs cycle through successive clutches (Hench et al. 2004; Forward et al. 2005).

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biofuel production is in the form of ethanol derived from starch- or grain-based feedstocks, with over 90% of the biofuels produced and used domestically coming from corn (Groom et al., 2008).

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…virulence and colonization factor of C. jejuni for promoting infections in humans and chickens is a flagellum located at one or both poles of the bacterium that promotes motility (Black et al., 1988; Nachamkin et al., 1993; Wassenaar et al., 1993; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004; Wösten et al., 2004).

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Patients at an increased risk of developing T2DM may therefore benefit from such early meaningful interventions- especially since these patients benefit more from treatments which reduce the risk of CAD [16].

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CDKs are core components of the cell cycle machinery and the vital regulators driving cell cycle progression (Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Olashaw and Pledger, 2002; Chulu and Liu, 2009; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2009).

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However, in humans, MMA and DMA are the most relevant metabolites (Cohen et al., 2006; Tapio and Grosche, 2006).

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Similar observations have been made in the USA, where gonorrhoea and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been shown in multiple studies to be concentrated in certain geographical areas (Rothenberg 1983; Potterat et al. 1985; Bernstein et al. 2004; Kerani et al. 2005).

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The electrostatic surface representations of the CRV-ZWE-157 protein structure and the DRBP template were produced by the Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) plugin [43] in PyMOL [44]
List of Abbreviations aa: amino acid; APBS: Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver; BLASTp: Basic local alignment search tool protein; CRV: Crocodilepox virus; CRV-ZWE: Crocodilepox virus strain Zimbabwe; DGCR8: DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8; DRBP: double-stranded RNA-binding proteins; dsRNA: doublestranded RNA; KSDSSP: Kabsch and Sander algorithm for defining the secondary structure of proteins; MCV: Molluscum contagiosum virus; MSA: Multiple sequence alignments; MUSCLE: multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation; NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information; PSIBLAST: Position specific iterated-BLAST; RMSD: Root mean square deviation; RNAi: RNA interference; TRBP: TAR RNA Binding Protein; VACV: Vaccinia virus; VBRC: Viral bioinformatics resource center; VOCs: Viral Orthologous Clusters
Acknowledgements This work was funded by a Canadian NSERC Discovery grant.

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Methylation-Specific AFLP We employed a methylation-specific AFLP analysis that has been commonly used to survey patterns of methylation in a range of non-model species (Salmon et al., 2008; Herrera and Bazaga, 2010; Lira-Medeiros et al., 2010).

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Risk factors for CVD are more prevalent among PLWH [2], and use of various antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of CVD [3].

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Induction of specific genes by shear stress in endothelial cells is mediated by activation of mechanosensitive signaling pathways that include at least three members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and Big MAP kinase 1 (11, 14, 15, 22, 38, 44).

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This study adds new knowledge of two distal factors, neighborhood affluence and disadvantage, in the social environment that may, in the future, be confirmed as underlying causes (Link & Phelan, 1995) of poor birth outcomes and risky maternal pre-
natal health behaviors.

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Because controlling for extraneous variables is not possible in studies with only one group, these are susceptible to confounding and tend to exaggerate the beneficial effects of interventions [58].

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The patients’ paroxetine plasma concentrations at week 6 were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed in our laboratory [51,52].

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…1964) and increases with age in in neurological diseases whereas others found it in non-complex sphingolipids as well but with a 50:50 ratio (Rosenberg & Stern 1966, Schwarz et al. 1967) for both chain lengths or even a much lower
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The skull region was removed from images using the FSL-Brain Extract Tool (Smith, 2002), and two-class segmentation of the whole brain was performed, into cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using the FSL-FAST segmentation algorithm after correction for image non-uniformity (Zhang et al., 2001).

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…are involved in many functional aspects of the cellular physiology, such as protein misfolding (HSPB1, HSPB8), axonal transport (HSPB1; dynactin subunit 1, DNCT1) and RNA metabolism (senataxin, SETX; glycyl tRNA syntetase, GARS) (see Rossor et al., 2012 for a detailed review on dHMN-related genes).

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This contradicts to existing methods [21, 27] which limit the attention to the subgraph induced by the infected nodes.

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Many scholars question whether or not firms could self-regulate and be socially
responsible on their own, and consider policy intervention a more effective solution (Chatterji and Listokin, 2007; Fleming and Jones, 2013; Karnani, 2007).

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These results are in accordance with the ones previously reported by Al-Moslih and Al-Huraibi [22] from Yamen, where the majority of the reported cases were chronic and the number of acute cases was 19.

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FDB nerve-muscle preparations were dissected and maintained in equilibrated MPS until used for electrophysiological analysis as described above, and previously (Gillingwater et al., 2002; Ribchester et al., 2004).

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de quadratic measure of dependency QR [15] in general produce scores that are not comparable across subspaces of different dimensionality.

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Therefore, the spectral data is widely used in material identification, biological sciences, criminal investigation, environmental monitoring and many other fields [6, 11, 12, 16, 28].

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Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD; OMIM 136800) is a slowly progressive late-onset disorder that is a leading indication for corneal transplantation in the United States [1,2].

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However, in the case of RCG-dominated wetlands, Askaer et al. (2011) found that the diurnal variability of CH4 fluxes was not significant in spite of a significant share of plant-mediated CH4 transport.

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, 2000) (serine 102/glutamine 103), which corresponds to the serine 88/glutamine 89 of HMGA1, phosphorylated by ATM (Pentimalli et al., 2008).

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…G19 directed against the TLA from chicken inner ear hair cells, mAb D10 directed against the avian hair-cell antigen, and antisera to protocadherin-15-CD1 (PB303) were characterized and validated as reported previously (Richardson et al., 1990; Ahmed et al., 2003; Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).

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418f), Abeler et al. (2010) provide controlled evidence in favor of this intuition.

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The presence of multiple structural suites with unique characteristic wavelengths was interpreted to indicate a progressive thickening
of the layer with continued cooling [e.g., Hansen and Willis, 1998; Ghent and Hansen, 1999; Hansen et al., 2000].

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The modulation of Notch levels in LSC/CSC derived from Tax-transgenic mice suggests that Notch may contribute in the development of ATLL similar to its role in other T-cell malignancies such as T-ALL [133,134].

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[20] estimate that over the course of a year a victimized child suffers a mean number of three different kinds of victimization.

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Several reports showed that TRPA1 antagonists, such as ruthenium red, HC-030031, AMG5445, A967079 and camphor, possess analgesic properties [26-31].

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distances were calculated between all population pairs considering the likely routes of human migration out of Africa, following the criteria set by Ramachandran et al. (2005). The test was performed with the software Passage version 2.

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Up to 40% of A-T patients develop malignant disease over the course of their lives [1,8,9] and 10–15% of them develop a lymphoid malignancy (leukemia or lymphoma) in childhood or early adulthood [1].

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In this case, FLNA(16-23) showed more rapid association and slower dissociation rates to the β-arr2/ICL3 complex than to ICL3 alone (Figure 7D), suggesting that the FLNA fragment interacts with β-arr2 rather than with ICL3.

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…message-passing (Wainwright et al., 2005b)
• Fractional belief propagation (Wiegerinck & Heskes, 2002)
• Power EP (Minka, 2004)
One way to understand these algorithms is to view their cost functions as free-energy functions from statistical physics (Yedidia et al., 2004; Heskes, 2003).

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Ishizawa [71] 1 First laparoscopic experience with NIRF-C during cholecystectomy.

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…microbial traits (Martiny et al., 2006; Green et al., 2008), competitive species interactions are argued to be important drivers of antibiotic inhibition, resistance, and resource use among Streptomyces (Wiener et al., 1998; Davelos et al., 2004a; Schlatter et al., 2013; Kinkel et al, accepted).

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Comparison of relative testes size across 24 lemur species revealed that fork-marked lemurs had small testes, as did all pair-living species in this sample and as do pair-living primates in general (Harcourt et al. 1981; Harvey and Harcourt 1984; Kappeler 1997a).

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Among the recently introduced approaches, the impressive learning estimation and modeling capabilities least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) makes then a suitable choice for system identification applications [8].

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…forms (as sulfate or glucuronide) in the urine (Azouz et al. 1955; Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997; Bomhard et al. 1998) and to some extent in the feces (Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997).

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…characterized by a mono-exponential function following steady-state exercise at “moderate” and “heavy” exercise intensities (Ozyener et al. 2001; rossiter et al. 2002). the starting point of the curve was made to equal the average VO2 over the final 3 min of exercise to minimize the…

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Some researchers have explored audio skimming techniques [Arons, 1993], but not for the particular case of primarily backward skimming that would dominate a near-term reminder application like PAL.

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Neurabin I has been shown to be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase A (PKA), which decreases its binding to PP1c (33).

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First of all, the percentage of parents‚Äö√Ñ√¥ positive attitudes towards vaccinations was exceptionally high compared with other similar studies [7-9].

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2B, D) resembled those due to loss of other STAT negative regulators (Silver et al., 2005; Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011; Montell et al., 2012; Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013), but looked different from the phenotypes caused by misregulation of EGF or PDGF/ VEGF signaling (Duchek and Rørth, 2001; Duchek et al.

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In consistent with these results, the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in rat liver (Fetoui et al., 2009), in rat kidney (Fetoui et al., 2010) and in fish liver (Oreochromis niloticus) (Piner and √úner, 2012).

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In fact, some scholars have considered young people’s conviction that they can resolve their mental health problems on their own to be a barrier to seeking professional help [13,30,31].

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Studies conducted at finer scales could help to elucidate the relative importance of these relationships in our study area, because other finer-scale studies have shown that elk group size directly responds to variation in predation risk from wolves (Creel & Winnie 2005).

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For example, Dearman and Pierce [1] found that users might benefit from sharing web browser state between users‟ devices; our data can help suggest how and when this state might be shared when one of the devices in question is a mobile phone.

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When applying linear models to binary data, the predictions generated may not lie within a plausible range (\0 or [1) (McDonald 1999; Sharp et al. 2006).

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Human CD4+Foxp3+ T cells are phenotypically heterogeneous and include the CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ T cell subtypes [22,23].

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All stimuli were presented using Psychophysics Toolbox [46] running under Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA) on an Apple Macbook Pro.

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performed as described previously [38] from wild-type (WT) animals with anti-NG2 beads from the same vendor according to the Miltenyi protocol.

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Recent dictionary learning methods achieve the discrimination by either enforcing structural constraints on the dictionary or imposing class separation criterion in the sparse coding formulation [27, 26, 23].

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Some previous studies reported temporal and spatial variations of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants in China (Chai et al., 2014; Chen and Xie, 2014; Han et al., 2009; Johansson et al., 2007; Karar et al., 2006; Lewne et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Martini et al., 2015; Meng et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2008, 2014d; Zhang et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2013), but detailedly observational data were scarce. Additionally, most of the studies were only limited in one single city or air pollutant. For example, based on dailymean concentrations of PM10, NO2 and SO2 for five fixed-site air monitoring stations in urban area of Guangzhou from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2011, Li et al. (2014) analyzed timescale-dependent relationships between air pollution index (API) and a variety of meteorological factors by the wavelet analysis, and found temperature, RH (relative humidity), precipitation and wind speed were negatively correlated with API.

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However, the apparent absence of multiple spatially periodic extensional fabrics [Ghent and Hansen, 1999] argues against

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Similarly, Tilahun et al. (2013) concluded that a combination of manure (15 t ha-1 year-1) and inorganic fertilizer (120 kg N ha-1 year-1 and 100 kg P ha-1 year-1) gives high yield of lowland rice in the Fogera plains of Ethiopia.

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The first three MPLs correspond to the type of willingness-to-pay tasks used in Meier and Sprenger (2010). Each list is a series of binary choices.

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however, been shown to be essential for the entry and replication of Salmonella Typhi in epithelial cells [43] and for the survival and virulence of Mycobacterium bovis in mice [44,45].

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When the discrepancy between cues was intentionally manipulated to be large, switching back has been observed experimentally (Cheng 1988; Cheng et al. 1987; Chittka and Geiger 1995a, 1995b; Etienne et al. 1990; Healy and Hurly 1998; Kamil and Jones 1997; Mackintosh 1973; also see Cheng et al. 2007).

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We perform extensive comparative studies with a number of state-of-the-art algorithms as benchmarks: PA [Crammer et al., 2006], SCW [Wang et al., 2012], OGD [Zinkevich, 2003], AROW [Crammer et al., 2009; Crammer et al., 2013] (we use the implementation in LIBOL library [Hoi et al., 2014] for these algorithms,
default value for parameters are used if available), and Online Bagging [Oza and Russell, 2005] (we use the implementation in MOA library [Bifet et al., 2010]).

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In a spectroscopic or imaging experiment one could then mask out the undesired sideband echoes, and recover solely the centerband’s signal [22].

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Repartnering may also increase family complexity (e.g., it may add half-siblings, step-siblings, and grandparents of step-siblings) and therefore lead to negative implications for children (Brown et al. 2015).

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1 is formed by UV or light irradiation of tryptophan [17] and, following activation of AhR, can increase expression of CYP1A1 to induce its own metabolism [7, 18] and provide a feedback mechanism to

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1998) and to some extent in the feces (Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997).

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In Reference [7], with the same system model as in References [5,6], we have presented two anti-jamming coding techniques, namely, rateless coding and piecewise coding.

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Following digestion, the cDNA was then cloned into an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP; Clontech, Mountain View, CA) vector creating a plasmid where eGFP was linked to TDAG51 protein (termed eGFP-TDAG51), as previously described (31).

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…flavonol-type compound that was identified by comparison to the proposed fragmentation pattern in the literature, was kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (Schmidt et al., 2010) (41, M = 448.09 Da, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl b-D-glucopyranoside) at
Rt = 9.57 min, identified…

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We also hypothesized that ongoing selection for seed size will have resulted in a narrowing of seed size variation among populations within bioregions and among individual plants within populations in the most arid and unfavourable environments relative to populations from a more favourable core habitat [29,30].

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The degenerated primers were designed from conserved regions in the primary structure of urease sequences from the heterobasidiomycete F. neoformans (Cox et al. 2000) and the ascomycetes C. immitis (Yu et al. 1997) and S. pombe (Tange and Niwa 1997).

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For example, in a web page most of the terms (without the terms in a stop list [12]) will occur once, some terms happen twice, and fewer terms repeat three times or more.

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: +33-1-49813658 Fax: +33-1-49813685
also stimulates dopamine release from rat nucleus accumbens after i.p. administration (Ladurelle et al. 1997).

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To deal with the high computational complexity of 3D geometrybased matching techniques, existing works typically adopt a pre-processing stage to quickly identify a small set of candidates which are later refined with geometry-based matching [3, 11, 7].

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Briefly, 7-mm-thick sections were deparaffinized according to our established protocols (Faul et al., 2011).

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The gene EF1a (At1g07930), encoding elongation factor 1a, was used for quantitative normalization (Curie et al., 1991).

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…Scurr, & Smith, 2009) is commonly used to make recommendations on improvements to breast support design (Zhou et al., 2012a) and to investigate the effect of breast support levels on breast kinematics and exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010; White et al., 2009).

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1996, 1997), and the main metabolite of p-DCB is 2,5-DCP, which is excreted both as the free substance and in conjugated forms (as sulfate or glucuronide) in the urine (Azouz et al. 1955; Kimura et al. 1979; Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997; Bomhard et al. 1998) and to some extent in the feces (Kimura et al.

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In this study, we used the Knowledge Map Concept Indexer (KMCI) (Denny et al., 2009), a general-purpose NLP engine, to process all paper titles from American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE).

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[32], based on a study of decedent Medicare beneficiaries, found that such treatment-limiting ADs only had a significant impact in high spending regions characterised by aggressive end-of-life-care.

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For Amboseli, this value is approximately 50 mm (see also Dunbar 1992; Bronikowski and Altmann 1996).

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The following murine mAb’s were used: 3BD10 (epitope TSHR amino acid residues 25–51) (27) and 2C11 (epitope containing amino acid residues 354–359) (29).

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Whites’ concern with in-group outcomes (i.e., White disadvantage) in organizations with race-based AAPs has received some scholarly attention (e.g., Lowery et al., 2006), yet how chronic race-related beliefs drive such concerns has largely escaped investigation.

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We have shown that renal AT1 and AT2 receptor binding correlates well with abundance of steady-state mRNA: as a result of 24 h of UUO in the neonatal rat, both AT1 and AT2 receptors are downregulated in the obstructed kidney (48).

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…al., 1997), have focused on representing specific tasks and domains, the attention has shifted to more general purpose schemas such as the Dialogue Act Markup using Several Layers (DAMSL) (Allen, 1997) and the ISO 24617-2(Bunt et al., 2010; Bunt et al., 2012), a standard for dialog act annotation.

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The presence of severe exacerbation in the previous year is a risk factor for mortality, which confirms the results from other studies (Almagro et al., 2002;Kim, Clark & Camargo, 2006; Piquet et al., 2013; Müllerova et al., 2015).

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Posterior putamen has previously been shown to be involved in habitual behavior [40,41,48], and the current result indicates that, following Pavlovian cues, more chronic AD patients activate habit pathways, which confirms the habit formation theory [5].

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To confirm some identities, and to compare splicing patterns between guinea pig and human, some groups were analyzed by BLAT analysis (with the human genome) [43] and visualization in EyeBrowse, an eyecentric version of the UCSC Genome Browser [44,45].

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Cigarette smoking has been previously shown to increase caffeine clearance [28,29] and affect the CBT results [14].

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HT = medical treatment of moderate hypertension; CAB = coronary artery bypass; Hemodial = hemodialysis; L Transp = liver transplantation; HIV = medical treatment of human immune virus infections [8].

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Other reasons for the low predictability of the Konishi equation could be the variation in nonrenal digoxin CL in different populations, reduced volume of distribution, and reduced myocardial sensitivity.(21) The results of our study cast doubt on the suitability of the Konishi equation for adjustment of drug dosage in clinical practice in Chinese patients, which could only be applied in stage 3 patients.

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Mice deficient in cd39 on the C57BL/ 6/129 svj strain or in cd73 on the BL6 stain were generated, validated, and characterized as described previously (15, 16).

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The response to a generated question will be supplied in the following conversations, which may be novel but not necessarily occur in the input as that in traditional QG (Du et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017; Tang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017; Mostafazadeh et al., 2016).

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