Flaṭun

Flaṭun (s tegrigit Πλάτων, 428/427-348/347 Qε) yella d afelsaf agrigi. Ilul-d di taddart n Atena di tmurt n Tmaqdunit (Masedwan). Yella d anelmad n Suqraṭ di tkadimit.

Flaṭun d yiwen seg yifelsafen imeqqranen n Ugrik atrar, d anelmad n Suqraṭ daɣen d aselmad n Arisṭu . Yella d win yeǧǧan lfayda tameqqrant i tfelsuft n Ugrik d tfelsafit n ddunit s umata.

Tudert n Flaṭun:

Ilul Flaṭun deg Atina deg useggas n 428/427 uqbel Ɛisa, deg yiwet n twacult tameqqrant yerna tesɛa azal. Isem-is n tidet d Arisṭuklis (Aristoclès). Yemmuger-d Suqrat asmi yella d ilemẓi, tuɣal temlilit-agi d tin yebedlen amecwar n tudert-is. Lmut n uselmad-is Suqrat, i ɣef yettwaḥkem s lmut sɣur ugraw n tugdut n Atina, tesseɣli-d fell-as yiwen usemdu ameqran, teǧǧa-t ad yettxemmim ɣef wamek ara yebnu taɣdemt n tidet.

Mi gemmut Suqrat, Flaṭun yessikel ɣer Maṣer, Ṭṭelyan d Sisin (Sicile). Deg usikel-agi, yelmed aṭas ɣef tsenzeggit d tussniwin nniḍen. Mi d-yuɣal ɣer Atina, deg useggas n 387, yesbedd-d aɣerbaz-is, Lakadimiya, anda yella yesselmad tafelsafit, tusnakt, d tussniwin n ugama . Ikemmel yesselmad dinna almi d lmut-is deg useggas n 348/347 uqbel Ɛisa.

Tafelsafit n Flaṭun:

Tafelsafit n Flaṭun tebna ɣef yiwen amenzay agejdan: Tamuɣli n Telɣiwin .

1. Tamuɣli n Telɣiwin

Flaṭun yebḍa ameɣraḍ ɣef sin:

Akken ad issefhem tamiḍrant -agi, Flaṭun yefka-d umedya n Lɣar. Deg-s, yewsef imdanen yeṭṭfen seg wasmi llan d meẓẓiyen zdaxel n yiwen axxjiḍ , walan kan tili n tɣawsiwin yettaɛdawen ɣef uɣrab . I nutni, tidet d tili-nni. Ma yella yiwen deg-sen yeffeɣ-d ɣer beṛṛa, ad iwali tafat n yiṭij d tɣawsiwin n tidet, ad yeɣli deg-s yixef belli ayen yella yettwali d awal kan. Afelsuf, i Flaṭun, am umdan-nni i d-yeffɣen, d win i iwalan tidet n Telɣiwin, mačči kan anagi-nsent.

2. Tugdut d Tɣedemt

Deg udlis-is "Tagduda", Flaṭun yessefham-d amek ara tili tmetti taneblalt. Yenna-d dakken ilaq ad ḥekmen yifelsafen imi d nutni kan yessnen tilawt n tɣedemt. Yebḍa timetti ɣef kraḍ n tesmiltin: ifelsafen iḥekkmen, iɛessasen iḥemmlen tamurt, d ixeddamen yesseqdacen ifassen-nsen.

Yal tasmilt ilaq ad teqqim deg wemkan-is yerna ad texdem ayen i as-ilaqen, akken ad yili lewqam d taɣdemt deg tmetti.

3. Tafrit d tussna n tidet

Flaṭun yumen dakken tafrit n wemdan tettwaxlaq send ad d-ilal, tettidir din din mi ara yemmet urgaz. Deg yidlisen-is am "Fidun" d "Tagduda", yessefham-d amek tafrit tettemcabi d tallunt n tidmiwin, d amek ara taweḍ ɣer tmusni n tidet.

Flaṭun yenna-d dakken almad d asmekti. Mi tella tfrit deg tallunt n tidmiwin send ad d-ters ɣer umaḍal, tesɛa tussna n tidet. Mi ara d-tlal, tettu ayen tessen, maca tezmer ad t-id-tesmekti s uselmed d tmuɣli n tfelsafit.

4. Lwert d Tazrirt

Azal n Flaṭun deg umezruy n tidmi tameɣradant d ameqqran. Idlisen-is am "Tugna", "Fidun", "Asqerdec", "Timesbaniyin" d "Tagduda" ṭṭfen azal ameqqran deg tfelsafit tatrart. Tikta-s ɣef tugdut, tɣedemt, tussna d tfrit ɛawnen-t aṭas deg usnerni n tidmi taɣerbit.

Flaṭun yemmut deg useggas n 348 send n Sidna Ɛisa, yeǧǧa-d tagemmi tameqqrant i tfelsafit. Takademya-s teqqim teldi azal n 900 n yiseggasen, tettawi-d aṭas n yifelsafen d yimusnawen imeqqranen.

Ass-a, tikta n Flaṭun mazal-itent ttwaɣrant, ttwaselmadent deg tseddawiyin n umaḍal. Tamussni-s ɣef temsalt n tilawt, tɣedemt d tussna teǧǧa-d asirem ameqqran deg tfelsafit, tasnimant, tasertit d tɣerma n wemdan s umata.

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