Aksil

Aksel (s tlatint : Caecilius), d agellid amaziɣ amqran d amɣar ameqqran n twsit. Ilul deg teɣremt n Tixencelt deg tmurt n Lezzayer , yenbeḍ tagldit tamaziɣt yellan si Tunes ɣer utaram n Dzayer . Yezga-d wakal ines si Wehran d Tlemsan deg utaram ar tiɣremt n Takerwant deg ugmuḍ. Ittuyssan aṭṭas deg n unekcum n Waɛraben ɣer Tefriqt n Ugafa . Yffeɣ seg tmasiḥit d yekcem ɣer Tneslemt , maca yuɣal ɣer tmasiḥit send lmut-is.

Aksel yennuɣ mgal Ɛuqba Ibn Nafiɛ d Zuhayr Ibn Qays Lbalwi nnig unekcum nsen ɣer Tmazɣa .

Amezruy

Aksel yella d ageldun amaziɣ amasiḥi n tgelda n Altava deg lqern wis 7 yerna d imḍebber n teqbilt n Iwraben, d taqbilt tamaziɣt n Wawras i yellan d tamasiḥit yerna yezmer lḥal d agellid amasiḥi n Sanhaja [ 1 ] . Deg tallit n udabu-ines, tagduda-ines teṭṭef seg Volubilis deg umalu armi d Wawras deg usammar, sakkin ɣer Takerwant d daxel n Tunes . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . Aksel yettwassen s waṭas imi i d-yesselḥay yiwet n tagrawla taserdasit tamaziɣt mgal Aɛraben i d-yeṭṭfen Tafriqt n Ugafa deg yiseggasen n 680. Yemmut deg yiwet seg tmenɣiwin-nni deg useggas n 688.

Aẓar n yisem-is

Yezmer lḥal aẓar n yisem-is yekka-d seg yisem Caesilius, d yisem arumi i yettwaseqdacen s waṭas gar Yimaziɣen imasiḥiyen, maca yezmer lḥal daɣen ad yilli seg yiwen n wanzar amaziɣ (Aksil) i mazal yettwasseqdac deg tentalyin n Wawras , tamnaḍt i deg yekka-d Kusila. [ 6 ]

Azal-is deg umezruy

Di tazwara, Iwunak Imaziɣen ssawḍen ad rebḥen mgal yimeɣnasen Imayyanen deg yimenɣi n n Vescera ( Tibeskert n wass-a deg Lezzayer ), i d-yellan deg useggas n 682 ger Imaziɣen, ddaw ugellid Aksel, d yimdukkal-nsen ibizantiyen seg Exarchate n Tefriqt mgal lɛesker n Imawiyen s ddaw Ɛuqba ibn Nafiɛ, amesbeddi n Takerwant . [ 7 ]

Ɛuqba ibn Nafiɛ yesselḥay-d irgazen-is deg yiwet n tegrawla deg wakk n timnaḍin Tefriqt n Ugafa , armi yewweḍ ɣer Ugaraw Aṭlasi , yerna yedda ɣer wenẓul armi d Asif en Dra (deg Lmerruk) d wasif n Sus (deg Tunes). Mi d-yuɣal, temlal-it-id tdukli tamaziɣt-tabizantit deg Tabuda (taddart yeqqnen ɣer taddart n Sidi Ɛuqba, Lezzayer ) , iɣallen-is ttwangaren, yerna netta s timmad-is yettwanɣa. S ugmuḍ n tmenɣiwt-a, Aksel yeṭṭef-d s tɣawla Byzacena (i yellan tura s wazal n Tunes) d yiwen weḥric n temnaḍin i as-d-yezzin, Aɛṛaben xesrenakk akal i ḍḍfen deg Tefriqt ɣer tamnaḍt n usamer n Libya tatrart, yerna ttwakksen-d seg temnaḍt n Tunes tatrart d usamer n Ldzayer ugar n mraw n yiseggasen. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ]

Tameddurt

Imnadiyen n umezruy n lqern wis 14 Ibn Xaldun (بن خلدون s taɛrabt) d Ibn Ɛadari ( ابن عذاري s taɛrabt) ḥesben amkan n laṣel-is d Tlemcen (deg Lezzayer) . Maca, tiqsiḍin-agi llan-d azal n 700 n yiseggasen deffir lmut-is. Amezruy Al-Maliki (aseggwas wis 9) i d-iqerben ɣer tallit n tuṭṭfa taɛrabt n Tafriqt n Ugafa, yeqqen-it kan ɣer temnaḍt n Wawras (deg Lezzayer) , ma d amezruy Noé Villaverde Vega yesskanay-d d akken ahat d agellid n tgelda n Altava [ 11 ] . Gabriel Camps yella yettwali d akken Aksel yeḥkem ɣef kra n wakal meqqren, armi i ur yettwehhim ara mi ara t-iwali yella deg wakk timnaḍin n Lezzayer tatrart, seg Tlemcen almi d Wawras, sakkin, yeḥkem deg Takerwant (deg Tunes tatrart) [ 12 ] . Yenna-d dakken Aksel yejbed-d amur ameqran seg yiɣallen-nnes seg temnaḍin n wegmuḍ n Tafriqt n Ugafa, yerna ahat d yiwen seg yigelliden ineggura n Muriṭanya taqburt (tagelda tamaziɣt taqburt i d-yesbedden deg ugafa n Lmerruk n wass-a) , yerna tiddukliwin-is, ma ur llant ara d lḥekma, llant ttkemmilent arma d Tafilalet d Wawras, ma d Iwraben iban-d d akken ṭṭfen tilisa n Lezzayer d Lmeṛṛuk. [ 13 ]

Aksel yettwaḥsab d amasiḥi ɣef lǧal n yisem-is i d-yettbanen seg tarumit. Ɣef leḥsab n umezruy Gabriel Camps, isem-is yella-d d asuqel i yezmer ad d-yili ɣer tmaziɣt n yisem alaṭini "Caecilius", dɣa d aya i d-yesbeggnen belli yella seg yiwet n twacult tamaziɣt. [ 14 ] Aɣbalu n yisem n Aksel yessewham ula d Imusnawen n Usammar; imi mačči am igelliden-nniḍen imaziɣen, am wid ay t-id-yezwaren Masuna , Masties , Mastigas d Garmul , ahat imeɣnasen Aɛrabenssawḍen-aɣ-d isem n tutlayt niḍen: Caecilius alaṭini, d isem yettwassnen ay d-yettwafernen deg yiẓekwan n wlili (Volubilis; tamdint tamaziɣt-taṛumit deg Lmerruk ) .

Llan kra yisallen ɣef tira d tmucuha Aɛraben i d-yeqqaren belli Aksel yuɣal ɣer yuɣal ɣer Lislam deg 678, ayagi d ayen ur nesεi nesɛi lsas yerna yettbin-d d ayen ur d-yefki ara lmeεna; ulac imḍebbren n kra n tmurt i yeqqlen ddin-nsen ɣer ddin n yeεdawen-nsen yerna sdukklen-d yiɣallen-nsen ɣer-sen (agi ayen ara yettwaḥesben seg yal tama d tuzzna, d lexdeɛ n wegdud-nesen d tmurt-nsen) deffir yiwet n temlilit yelhan yid-sen. Ladɣa, imi d netta i d-yeṭṭfen tazmert n tdukli i d-yebnan seg yiɣallen Yibizantiyen Imasiḥiyen d Imaziɣen Imasiḥiyen akk-d Imaziɣen niḍen i mazal ḍefren ddin n lejdud-nsen deg tallit-nni. Nesɛa amedya am wa deg leqrun sakkin asmi ay d-kecmen Yifṛensisen ɣef Lezzayer; am win i d-yeqqaren belli Limir Ɛebdelqader mačči kan yefka iman-is i Louis Juchault de Lamoricière deg 23 dujember 1847 dɣa yuɣal d amasiḥi, neɣ belli Faḍma n Sumer i yuɣalen d tamasiḥit deffir yiwet n temlilit yelhan d ajiniṛal Jacques Louis Randon deg 11 yulyu 1857. Timucuha-a ilaq ad ttwaḥesben d taɣwalt n yimyura aɛṛaben i d-yuran ayagi acḥal d acḥal n yiseggasen defir lestiεmar-nsen n tmurt n Imaziɣen.

Aksel yettwaṭṭef sɣur Ɛuqba deg useggas n 683 maca yessaweḍ ad yerwel deg useggas-nn, yerna essuli-d mgal wid i t-iɛettben Iɣallen imeqranen n yiserdasen imaziɣen d ibyzantiniyen. Ineggura-agi s wazal n 5000 n yergazen, ssawḍen ad negren 300 n yergazen n yiɣallen aɛṛaben, dɣa nɣan amεellem-is, Ɛuqba ibn Nafiɛ (yettwanɣa-t Koceila), d umarag-is Abu al-Muhaǧǧer (أبو المهاجر دينار s taɛrabt) , deg Tabuda, deg Sidi Ɛuqba n wass-a, deg Lezzayer [ 15 ] . Aksel, s yiwet n tezmert ur yettwaqbalen deg temnaḍt n Tunes, yedda-d s tumert ɣer Takerwant [ 16 ] yerna yessuffeɣ-d aɛṛaben yerra-ten-id ɣer deffir nnig n Takapes [ 17 ] (neɣ Gabes, ڨابس s taɛrabt; tamdint deg wenẓul-usamer n Tunes) ɣer tamnaḍt n usamer n Libya tatrart [ 18 ] yerna yeḥrez-iten din 5 n yiseggasen[8]. Ɣef leḥsab n Liber Pontificalis, Aksel yewwi-d s tidet tazmert n temnaḍt akk n Tefriqt yerna yerra-d lḥekma tageldant tabizantit. [ 19 ] .

Deg useggas n 688, wwḍen-d yiɣallen n Waɛraben s tmuɣli n Jeneral Zuhayr ibn Qais. Yemmuger-iten-id Aksel deg teẓgi n Mames (deg umalu n Timgad, Wawras, Lezzayer tatrat) , yiwet n taseddarit tabizantit deg Bizacina (d ayen yellan tura d Tunes) . Deffir yiwen n yimenɣi ɣezzifen, ɣer taggara, ssawḍen ad sneqsen yiserdasen imaziɣen d ibyzantiniyen, dɣa yemmut Aksel [ 20 ] . D acu kan, lɛesker n Umayyad i irebḥen, yeǧǧa-d kan yiwet n tmehla tameẓyant deg Takerwant: imi ur ttṛajun iserdasen ibizantiyen i d-yeɣlin fell-asen deg Barqa (ɣef rrif n lebḥer n tmurt n Libya n tura, ur tebɛid ara ɣef Al Marj, المرج s tarɛabt) , tmehla-a n Aɛraben ttwaqeher ula d nettat. [ 21 ]

Deg useggas n 693, Axlif Ɛbd al-Malek yuzen yiwen n yigen ijehden n 40,000 n yergazen i yesselḥay Ḥassan Ibn Nuɛman ɣer Barqa akken ad yekkes amihi abizanṭi. Igen-a ur yemlal d kra n tmenɣiwt armi i d-yewweḍ ɣer Tunes n wass-a, anda i yeṭṭef Qerṭaj deg 698, yerna yeɣleb yiwet n teɣlamt yiserdasen imaziɣen d ibyzantiniyen deg Utica (gar Qerṭaj deg wenẓul ɣer tama n Bizerte n wass-a, أوتيك s taɛrabt) . [ 22 ]

Ɣef leḥsab n umezruy Aɛiraqi Khalifa ibn Khayyat, deffir ma yeɣleb Iwraben deg “Sakuma” (amḍiq ur yettwassen ara) , deg yiwet n tuffɣa ur nettwassen mliḥ deg 705-709, Ḥassan Ibn Nuɛman yeṭṭef arraw n Aksel d imerhan, i d-yerran tasdawit deg yixxamen-nsen, yerna yewwi-ten yid-s imi yexdem lḥemla deg Tegzirt Iberyen s warraw nAksel ɣer yidis-is. [ 23 ]

Seld tamettant n Aksel, Imaziɣen uɣalen sbedden-d iɣallen-nsen, tikkelt-a ddaw n n tmehla n yiwet n tmeṭṭut i ten-yesselḥayen, Tagellidt Dihya .

Iɣbula