Covid-19

Aṭṭan n Coronavirus 2019 (s usegzel : covid-19 [ 1 ] ), akken yettwassnen daɣen s yisem n waṭṭan amesgunef amekruz yeqqnen ar Coronavirus amsetrar 2019 , iga d aṭṭan amesgunef azamman aɣeressagman ixeddem-it-id SARS-CoV-2 dɣa avirus-a d win yudsen (iqerben) s waṭas ar SARS-CoV [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . Yettwasnirem i tikkelt tamezwarut ass mi yenfufed Coronavirus di Wuhan deg 2019, sin akin igla-d s terwast n waṭṭan n Covid-19 deg umadal yakk . aṭṭan-a d win i d-igellun s waṭas n waṭṭanen d yisekna igan d tawla , tusut d tneggift ma d agaz amaẓwal d ufaris n inexxim d wagaz n ugerjum ur llin ara d isekna imezdiyen. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . Deg wakud anda tuget n yigimen tt-ellen (seɛɛun) drus kan n isekna. [ 6 ] , Kra deg-sen ttneflin ar talɣiwin timihanin am buturin amekruz d werway agmanan usgit. [ 7 ] . isig n tmekkast ɣer yisig n yigimen iy tt-wasennefrun d win yettusazlen s 3,4% maca yemgarad s unect n waddar (leɛmeṛ) d tilin n waṭṭanen niden. [ 8 ]

Alammi d meɣres 2020 ulac assuji neɣ tigezt mgal n waṭṭan-a ayen yellan deg ufus n imsujiyen d asefses n yisekna d tedhelt n twuriwin n tfekka [ 9 ] . Maca kra n tmura am Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt d Ccinwa urmen-t tigzin deg uraju n igemmad ara ad fken.

Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa telɣet-d s umeggez n unfufed d usefruret n SARS-CoV-2 d tiẓimdelt tamadlant . [ 10 ] [ 11 ] , ttwafen-d yinzan (ttbut) ɣef unfufed adigan i waṭṭan n Covid-19 deg 6 n temnaṭin yeṭṭafaren tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa . [ 12 ]

Isekna d izmal

Aṭṭan-a yezmer ad yaɣ amdan war ma ad ilin isekna d izmal maca deg waṭas n waddaden n iden ttilin-tt-d tiskanin ama d tid yefsusen neɣ d timakrazin (qessiḥ-it) gar-asen tawla, idis , tusut d tadist ma d tiskanin n usgunef am unezzu d legrajem d tid ur nettili ara s tuget

Addaden imekruzen (qessiḥen) n waṭṭan-a d wid izemren ad glun s tingas d feccal n wul d tgeẓẓal sin akin ar tmekkest (lmut) [ 13 ] [ 14 ]

Tallit n tezdalt d tin yettaṭṭafen gar n sin n wussan ar sin imalasen ma d isig n tallit-a 5 ar 6 wussan s unect n tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa . Ma d akud seg teflalit n yiskanen alamma d tujjya n tignatin fsusen yettaweṭ ar sin imalasen, tignatin tukrizin d tmsuklsin (tiqessḥanin) gar 3 ar 6 n imalasen. Inzan (ttbut) imenza sskanayen-d d akken tallit n wakud gar n teflalit n iskanen d temhazt n talɣa tukrizt n waṭṭan -gar-as tadersi n Uksijin- yettaṭṭaf 7 n wussan. Ma d tallit n wakud gar teflalit n yiskanen d tmekkest (lmut) n teɣtas n waṭṭan d win yettilin gar n 2 ar 8 n imalasen. [ 7 ]

Ikalaten d tmukrisin n waṭṭan

Aṭṭan-a yezmer ad yekk seg 3 n ikalaten igejdanen, Amezwar: yezmer ad yezri am waṭṭan fsusen am waṭṭanen ifellayen imezdiyen n unagraw amesgunef. Aẓabaẓ neɣ tazemmart tis snat: d buturin neɣ tuḍna n wamur n wadda n unagraw amesgunef . Ma d aẓabaẓ wis 3 d win yakk i d amihan s waṭas anda aṭṭan-a yettnefli s tazzla ar timsedfert tamesguneft tanamsadt. [ 15 ]

Isragen (ssebbat)

Ayen id yessisrigen aṭṭa-a d Coronavirus 2 n temsedfert tamesguneft tanamsadt tamekruzt (SARS-CoV-2), dɣa yella isem-is Avirus imisni 2019 (2019-nCoV). [ 17 ] , Avirus-a yettenfufud s talɣa tagejdant gar n imdanen s uṭerrec n tmiqwa id itteffɣen seg unagraw amesgunef s tusut d unezzu . [ 18 ] . Avirus-a yezmer ad yeqqim d amiddur i 3 n wussan sufel n wuzzan d uplastik. Ma d avirus n SARS-CoV-2 yezmer ad yeqqim idder i 3 wussan s ufel n wuzzal d uplastik yakk d 3 n tesragin (sswayeɛ) deg wezwu . [ 19 ] . Akken id yettwaf uvirus-a deg yiẓẓan maca ar wayyur n meɣres zeddiɣ (mazal) Ur iban ara ma yettenṭaṭ s tarrayt n yimi d wadda. [ 20 ]

Turin gant d agman yettenṭerrayen yakk s waṭas acku avirus-a yettawaṭ ar ibniken s yinzim n uselket n angiotensinay 2 yettilin s tuget g uɣerɣur g turin. Dɣa avirus-a yessexdam apṛutin n yiẓid yettwasemma s Spike i wakken ad yennali (ad yeṭs) inzim w ad yekcem tabnikt tamsenubegt. [ 21 ] , Taneẓẓi n inzim ACE2 d tin yeqqnen deg yal aẓeṭṭa yakk d tassast (ccedda) n waṭṭan deg uẓeṭṭa-nni, Kra n imusnawen mmlen-d d akken tisidert (asedres) n urmmud n yinzim yezmer ad yili d taggaẓt, [ 22 ] [ 23 ] . Maca tella tmuɣli n iden yeẓẓaren d akken timerniwt n yinzimen s usexdem n isafaren n Amgelnermas n ungiotensin II tezmer ad tili d tamaggaẓ (tḥerrez) maca tiẓraayyi srint ikayaden. [ 24 ]

Imusnawen ttɣilen d akken avirus-a d agaman u d waṭṭan aɣersaw n usagma . [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Avirus n Covid-19 ineṭṭ-d i wemdan i tikkelt tamezwarut deg Wuhan (Tamurt n Ccinwa ) deg ussan ineggura n wayyur n wamber 2019 . Sin akin yuɣal d aɣbalu agejdan i yigem seg wemdan ar wemdan niden seg yennayer 2020. [ 27 ] [ 28 ]

Igem amezwaru yella-d deg 17 wamber]] 2019. [ 29 ] . Seg 15 meɣres yettwalɣet s tilin n 67,790 n tignatin n waṭṭan deg Hubei gar-asen 3,075 uksen (mmuten) (s isig n 4,54%) [ 29 ]

Anṭaṭ

Tarrayt n wenṭaṭ tagejdant tettili-d seg wemdan ar wemdan n iden s tikciyin timesgunefin am unezzu d tusut . Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa txeddem g uskazal i wakken ad tẓer ma yella wenṭaṭ araskan d wenṭaṭ s tawla kecmen deg iɣunab n wenṭaṭ igejdanen. [ 30 ] , ɣef wanect-a yessefk ad yili westum gar n yimdanen 1,5 ma drus i wakken ur yettenṭaṭ ara waṭṭan ma yenzi-d (iɛeṭs-d) kra n yiwen

Timiqwa yessawaṭen Kuṛunavirus tt-ɣamayen-t ugglent (ttwaɛelqen-t) deg uzwu i kra n wakud Kan sin akin ad ɣlint f kra am tgida (ṭṭabla) neɣ kra n tɣawsa ayen yettaǧǧan avirus-nni ad yenṭeṭ ma yeṭṭsa-t (imuss-it) kra n wemdan aladɣa ma yeṭṭsa imi-ynes neɣ allen-is neɣ inzaren-is send ma yessared ifassen-is s waman d userrad

Tasenvirust

SARS-CoV-2 d Kuṛunavirus yeqqnen ar timsedfert tamesguneft tukrizt tanamsadt, yettwasinef i tikkelt tamezwarut seg 3 n yimdanen yuɣ-iten waṭṭan n buturin yeqqnen s tagrawt n tegnatin n waṭṭanen imesgunfanen ukrizen deg Wuhan , dɣa d avirus-a id igellun s waṭṭan n Covid-19 . [ 31 ]

SARS-CoV-2 d win yettakken assaɣ untim i welsaru aẓaṛan n SARS-CoV anda imusnawen ttɣilen d akken-it iga d aṭṭan aɣressagma

Asefruret

Asigged

Aṭas n teɣtas n Covid-19 mmugren-d uguren idawsanen yakan, isig n wakud gar n teflalit n isekna d tmekkast (lmut) yettusteg s 15 n wussan, maca s timmad yettili-d gar n 6 ar 41 n wussan, Deg tezrawt i texdem tesmilt taɣelnawt n tdawsa di Ccinwa, tufa-d d akken isig n tmekkast ɣer iwetmen yella-d 2,8% ma ɣer twetmin yella-d 1,7%, imuṭan s ddaw n 50 n iseggasen yella-d 0,5% ma d imuṭan yugaren 70 n iseggasen yewweṭ yisig ar ugar n 8%. Dɣa tilin n isnufal (dduzan) isnajjyanen d twetlin timettiyin d tdamsanin i temnaṭ zemren ad awin timlilin deg uguccel n yisig n tmekkisin . [ 33 ]

Akayad azeṭṭaw n tilam yettwakksen seg turin n imuṭan seld n tmekkast yessken-d attwaɣ aɣarɣur yenfufden. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Imusnawen ar tua ur ẓrin ara ma yella igem yezrin yettakk-d i wmaṭun affal seg waṭṭan seld n tujjya. Dɣa tulla (seɛɛu) n waffal d ayen yellan d amddwal s ugani n tkelli tarunawt n ivirusen imisniyen ( ivirusen n Kuṛuna ) niden, maca kra seg wid yejjin seg Covid-19 ufan-d igemmad isnidanen ilawen sin akin seld n tujjit. [ 36 ] . Akken i mazal ur yettwassen ara ma yella tilawt-a d tulsa (d aɛawed) n usegrew n yigem neɣ d azgel (lɣelṭa) seg usnidi . [ 37 ] Tadbelt n isgunfa n Hong Kong tufa-d tudra n ufimidi seg 20% ar 30% deg ukettaṛ n turin ɣer 2 neɣ 3 gar n 12 n yimdanen yejjin seg waṭṭan. Imuṭan-a yejjin d wid id yettcetkin seg wengaf (aḍiqi n nnefs) mi ara ad ilin teddun s tazzla. Ma d ikayaden n turin yemmugen ɣef 9 n imuṭan deg Asganfu n Princess Margaret sseknen-d d akken imekniten uttwaɣ deg yigmanen. [ 38 ] Deg tezrawt yemmugen ɣef warrac meẓẓiyen g Ccinwa (gar n tegnatin n Covid-19 yettwasentmen deg usnidi neɣ tegnatin anda yella ccek), ufan-d d akken arrac yakk yezmer ad ten-yaɣ waṭṭan s wemgarad n waddar-nse (leɛmuṛ-nsen) d tuzzuf-nsen. Gar n warrac imuṭan yakk 4,4% n tegnatin llant war isekna d 50,9 n imuṭan mmugren-d isekna fsusen d 38,8% mmugren-d isekna yemnummsen d 5,2% deg tegnatin tinamsadin. Ma d tignatin timekruzin (qessiḥen s waṭas) llant-d s ufimidi n 0,6%. Akken id tella yiwet n tegnit n tmekkast (lmut) i weqcic deg 14 n iseggasen deg tegrawt talsant anda idtella tezrawt-a. [ 39 ] [ 40 ]

Afimidi n tmekkast s unect n waddar d tmurt

Asuṭṭen

Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa tdewwen d akken akud n tefsirt ar uvirus alamma banen-d iskanen d win yettilin gar n 2 ar 10 n wussan. ، [ 44 ] neɣ seg sin n wussan ar 14 n wussan s unect n ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣil ɣef waṭṭanen . [ 45 ]

Asennefru

Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa tfesr-d aṭas n ipṛutukulen i wkayar n Coronavirus amsetrar [ 46 ] [ 47 ] , Akayad n Tasedmirt tanmezrit n Polimiraz i wseskel amuli (rRT-PCR)

Zemren ad ilin ikayaden ɣef trawin n unagraw amesgunef neɣ n idammen [ 48 ] sin akin igemmad tt-biben-d seld n kra n tesragin neɣ n wussan

Asuji

Seg 5 fuṛaṛ 2020, ur d-iban ara usuji i waṭṭan-a. Dɣa tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa tessemter (tweṣṣa) s uttekki n imaɣzalen deg yirramen imisiyen unɣiden i wkayad n tmellit d tɣellist n ussuji i zemren ad yili

Anfufed

S unect n tsensakrart , isig n tmekkisin d waddaden n unfufed n waṭṭan-a ur yettwassnen ara, acku isig n uẓeddim d win yettbeddilen seg wakud ar wayeṭ. Acku daɣen isig n wenṭaṭ yettuzemren ad tettwissen zeddiɣ (mazal) Ur tban ara [ 49 ] [ 50 ] . Ɣas yella-d akk wanect-a. Maca inigen imenza yemmugen ɣef waṭṭan amesgunef amekruz yeqqnen ar Coronavirus amsetrar 2019 sseknen-d d akken isigen n tmekkest (lmut) gant gar n 2 ar 3 % [ 51 ] . Yerna deg yennayer 2020 tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa temmel-d d akken isig n tmekkisin yella-d s wazal n 3% [ 52 ]

Tasensakrart

Afimidi n tmekkasin (lmuta) n yimuṭan yegguni ɣef tilin n taggaẓt tadawsant d usegder n waddar (leɛmeṛ) d wuguren idawsanen imezrayen ɣer imezdaɣ, yakk d wumdan n tegnatin ur nettwasennefru ara. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] . Tizrawin taddadanin timenza gucclent afimidi ayyi gar n 2% ar 3%, deg yennayer 2020 tebder-d Tuddsa Tamadlant n Tdawsa d akken isig n tmekkast yewweṭ ar 3%, d 2% deg fuṛaṛ 2020 deg uɣir n Hubei . [ 55 ] Taddadanin niden bedren-tt-d d akken isig n tmekkast yettwasrem (yettwabeddel) s unect n wemgarad n wakud n usentem n tujjit neɣ n tmekkast (lmut), am wuṭṭunen igan d 7% d 33% s wesnay i yimdanen deg Wuhan deg wass n 31 yennayer , yiwet n teftart n usenfar tessken-d 55 n tegnatin n tmekkast. Maca isazalen neɣ istigen izwaranen zemren ad ilin ssiɣlin deg-sen (rnan fellasen) acku ur tessekcem ara afimidi n yigimen yellan war isekna . [ 56 ] . Tazrawt-a testeg (tessazel) isig i wfimidi n yigimen ar tmekkasin s wazal n 0,8% ar 0,9%. [ 57 ]

[ 58 ]

Ẓeṛ daɣen

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