Ibn Baṭṭuṭa

Abu Ɛebdellah Muḥemmed ibn Ɛebdellah al-Lawati al-Ṭanji ibn Baṭṭuṭa (s taɛrabt : أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن ابراهيم اللواتي الطنجي [ 1 ] ), qqaren-as Ibn Baṭṭuṭa (s taɛrabt : ابن بطوطة [ 1 ] ), illul ass n 24 yebrir 1304 deg Tingi , d amessikel ineslem meqqren akk deg Tallit-Tanammast , d ameskar n yiwen seg idlisen mucaɛen akk n assikel qqaren-as s taɛrabt : تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار, deg adlis-nni Ibn Baṭṭuṭa iglem-d yisiklen-is n ahat n 120 000 km, anda yeẓra-d ɣer aṭas n timura yimselmen ed ar Ccinwa ed Sumaṭra (deg Indunisya n tura) [ 2 ] .

Tudert ed yisiklen

Ibn Baṭṭuṭa illul ass n 24 yebrir 1304 deg Tingi (deg uwanak n Ayt Mrin ), mis n tawacult taqayemt [ 3 ] laṣel-is d Imaziɣen n Ilwaten (s taɛrabt : Lawata , لواتة) [ 4 ] , deg-s llan aṭas n inezrafen (iqaḍiyen), mi meẓẓiyet, yeɣra taɣdemt ed tasekla deg tamdint n wanida yezdeɣ Tingi [ 2 ] .

Isiklen ɣer Tafriqt ed Usamar alemmas (1325-1332)

Ɣer 21 n yiseggasen (deg 1325), Ibn Baṭṭuṭa yebda iskilen-is s Lḥeǧǧ ɣer Mekka , yettεeddin ɣef timura n Tafriqt Ugafa , Nnil , Dimecq ed Ḥaleb , uqbel ad yawi ubrid ɣer n Mekka , anda yewweḍ deg 1326. Ardeqqal, iteddu ɣer Tamurt n Faris ( Iṛan n tura) ed Beɣdad , ed ad d-yuɣal ɣer Tazunegzirt taɛrabt (deg 1327) anda yeqqim kraḍ n iseggasen. Syin akkin, iteddu ɣer tillis n timura n yimselmen ɣef Ilel Azeggaɣ ed ugemmaḍ Usammar n Tafriqt , yewweḍ alamma tegzirt n Kilwa (deg Tanzanya n tura), iteddu daɣen ɣer Abagu Afarsi ed Tamurt n Faris (deg 1332), uqbel ad d-yuɣal tikkelt nniḍen ɣer Lḥeǧǧ deg Mekka [ 3 ] .

Isiklen ɣer timura n ugafa Lhend ed Ccinwa (1332-1346)

Deffir Tazunegzirt taɛrabt , Ibn Baṭṭuṭa iteddu ɣer agafa ɣef Anaḍul (deg Tturk n tura) ed Tzunegzirt n Qirim [ en ] (deg Rusya ed Ukrayin n tura), Tirkaf n wuṛeɣ [ en ] [ 3 ] , anda yessen-is l-Xan-nsen [ 2 ] , ed iteddu syin akkin ɣer Istambul akked yiwet seg tlawin n l-Xan. Ardeqqal, ad d-yuɣal ɣer l-Xan ed iteddu ɣer usamar ɣef Lhend , yettεeddin ɣef wasif n Volga , Afɣanistan, Idurar n Hindu Kuc [ en ] ed yewweḍ ɣer Delhi deg 1333, anda yeqqim ahat tẓa (tesɛa) n iseggasen ixeddem sselṭan [ 3 ] em Qaḍi (anezraf) [ 2 ] . Deg 1342, rran d anmahal ɣer amenkad n Ccinwa, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa yeǧǧa Delhi ma d askil-is yella yeččur imihiyen; iẓdem-d fell-as iɣewwaɣen ihendusen, ixesseṛ ayla-s ed isefka n amenkad n Ccinwa. Yugad urrif n sselṭan-is, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa yextaṛ ad iṛuḥ ɣer Imeldiwen [ 2 ] , anda yeqqim ugar n yiwen aseggas ed ixeddem em Qaḍi (anezraf), syin akkin, iɛewwel ad iteddu ɣer Ccinwa [ 2 ] , yettεeddin ɣef Seylan ( Sri Lanka n tura), Tamurt n Bangal (deg Bangladec ed agafa-usammar n Lhend n tura) ed Sumaṭra (deg Indunisya n tura) [ 3 ] , i yerza ar Pekin ed ad yuɣal ɣer Sumaṭra [ 2 ] .

Tuɣalin ɣer Asamar alemmas ed Tafriqt (1349-1354)

Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ad d-yuɣal ɣer Asamar alemmas ɣef Lhend ed Abagu Afarsi [ 3 ] , alamma Beɣdad ed Surya, anda iḥewweṣ ɣer aṭas n timdinin dinna [ 2 ] , uqbel ad d-yuɣal tikkelt nniḍen ed taneggarut ɣer Lḥeǧǧ deg Mekka (deg 1349) [ 3 ] . Iteddu syin akkin ɣer Maṣer ed Tunes seg Taskendrit , yettεeddin daɣen ɣef Sardinya , Lezzayer , ed taggara yewweḍ ɣer Fas d tamanaɣt n sselṭan n imarinen , deg wamber 1394 [ 2 ] .

Kra n lweqt deffir tuɣalin-is (deg 1350), Ibn Baṭṭuṭa iteddu ɣer Limara n Ɣernaṭa . Deg 1352, yessikil ɣer Aneẓruf Ameqran n Tafriqt , ɣef lamer n sselṭan [ 2 ] , yettεeddin ɣef wasif n Nnijer, Tin Buktu , Gao , Ahaggar ed Isgelmasen [ 3 ] , ed yeqqim yiwen aseggas deg Tamnekda n Mali [ 2 ] .

Lewhi n tagara n 1353, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ad d-yuɣal ɣer Meṛṛakec, anda ixeddem em Qaḍi deg yiwet seg timdinin-s [ 2 ] .

Lmut-is

Isegziyen (ttfaṣil) n lmut n Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ur tban ara ar tura, yezmer lḥal ad yemmut deg 1368/69 neɣ deg 1377, yettwamḍel deg temdint ideg tlul Tingi [ 2 ] .

Ayen yura

Deffir 1353, ed ɣef asuter n sselṭan, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ad yezbuɣ waktayen-is n isiklen i amaru Ibn Juzayy (amaru andalusi yemmut deg 1355) [ 2 ] . adlis-agi qqaren-as s taɛrabt : Tuḥfat an-Nuḍḍār fī Ɣaraʾib al-Amṣar wa Ɛaǧaʾib al-Asfar, تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار, neɣ al-Rriḥla (Asikel) , الرحلة , d warrat d axatar i yessefhem-d aṭas n tamiwin n amezruy anmetti, adelsan ed amserti n timura yimselmen, ullisen-is n issikelen ɣer Anaḍul , Tafriqt Umalu, Tafriqt Usamar, Imeldiwen ed Lhend , llin aɣbalu meqqren n amezruy n timnaḍin-nni [ 5 ] .

Tijmilin

Ass n 25 fuṛaṛ 2012 , Google yemmug d tajmilt i Ibn Baṭṭuṭa i imulli-is wis 708, akked tugna n yisiklen-is [ 9 ] .

Muqqel daɣen

Tizmilin