Aselway n Tagduda tatunsit

Aselway n tegduda tatunsit d aɣella n Uwanak n Tagduda tatunsit seg assebded n tawuri ass n 25 yulyu 1957. Deg uzwel agi, yeḍebber adabu aselkam s unabaḍ yetsselwayen sɣur aɣella n unabaḍ . Ɣef leḥsab n umagrad 77 n Tamenḍawt tagdudant n wass n 10 fuṛaṛ 2014, yeḍebber daɣen anzaḍ aɛlayan n tidusiyin yettwassemregen .

Ɣef leḥsab n Tamenḍawt, yetwafren s afran ameɣradi srid i anna n semmus iseggasen, ayzmaynu yiwet tikkelt kan. Seg assebded n tawuri, aten-id wid yeṭṭfen amkan nni :

Burgiba dɣa Ben Ɛli sselwayen daɣen akabar deg udabu, yettwasemman Amay-Dustuṛ , Akabar anemlay adustuṛi dɣa Amsegraw amenḍawan amagday , seg azarug deg useggas 1956 ar tagrawla n 2011 .

Taneṣlit

Akabar amezwaru aɣelnaẓri , Dustuṛ , yettwassebdeden deg useggas 1920 [ 1 ] yebɣa yakan asaselgam n yiwet tamenḍawt id tḍwelen ar tanaya timeẓwit dɣa imenzayen n udabu amagday war ad ḍḍesen ar umenzay n tagelda . Akkw am Amay-Dustuṛ yexeddmen agzam deg useggas 1934 ddaw tamehla n Ḥabib Burgiba , yettkemmel ad yessenfali tabbanit ines i unhil yellan deg tawuri [ 2 ] . Aswir n Umay-Dustuṛ yellan di Sfax seg 15 ar 18 wamber 1955 [ 3 ] yesnezgem :

Ɣef afermes n unhil sɣur amezdaɣ, Muḥsen Tumi yura :

Ihi, imi id yettwakmer kan id yezmel Lamine Bey ass n 29 dujamber 1955 tanaḍt id yesawelen ar tafrent n Ugraw ismatteran [ 2 ] , [ 4 ] . Mɣar sakkin azarug d tafrent n Ugraw, tanarit tasertayt n Amay-Dustuṛ yessegrew ass n 10 yebrir 1956 yeḥettem agellid ad as yinni i Burgiba ad yessileɣ anabaḍ amezwaru n Tunes tazarugt. Ihi Burgiba yeddem amazrar n isuḍaf am taggara n iglamen n tawacult taḥusinit (tanaḍt n 31 mayyu 1956) [ 5 ] neɣ tadbelt n taɣult tusligt n umuɣ aɣarim n bey (amarud amseggas id ttwafken i akkw imaslaḍen n tawacult tabeylikalt (taɛetmanit)) daɣen taɣult n uqacuc sɣur yiwen anedbal yetxeddmen deg aɣlif n teẓraf . Charles Debbasch yura ɣef waya:

I lmend n umulli wis sin n tuqqla ines ar Tunes, ass n 1 yunyu 1957, Ḥabib Burgiba yebɣa ad yesseɣret Tagduda, maca tazɣint n assaɣen iṛumiyen-itunsiyen id yussan seg uḥbas n tallalt n teẓraf n Fransa, yetwexxer tadyant [ 5 ] . Ass n {22 yulyu]], tanarit tasertayt n Amay-Dustuṛ tesseɣret taseɣra n imazanen n Agraw ismatteran ar tiɣimit tafeɣnamit yettwassuddsen ass n 25 yulyu [ 6 ] . Tiɣimit tebedda af 9 h 23 deg tazeɣɣa n usgeld n leqṣer n Bardo ddaw taselwit n Ǧelluli Fares d tihawt n tafekka tadiplumatit [ 7 ] . Aneɣlaf amezwaru Ḥabib Burgiba d imaslaḍen n unabaḍ ines, slid Becir Ben Yahmed ur llan ara d awamni, qqimen ɣef uɣalad n imaslaḍen. Imi-d yeldi tiɣimit, Fares yederrer belli imaslaḍen ilaq ad innin anta talɣa is ilaqen i unhil. Ahmed Ben Salah , anmazul n uselway n Ugraw, yenna-d tidmi ines akagi :

Awalen agi ttwasergegen sɣur tigermanin tidfirin. Af 15 h 30, Burgiba yebeḍḍa aẓmaẓ anarray n umnakel n beys , yerduten af ddell d taxendallast. Yeffuk deg tagara s taseɣrut n Tagduda:

Deg taggara, afran s unemzel yeser anhil ageldan aqdim 252 iseggasen dɣa yessebded anhil agdudan [ 8 ] yersan ɣef Amay-Dustuṛ kan [ 9 ] . Aylaten n bey ttwakksen-as dɣa ṣleḥen i urẓam n umerwas n Uwanak [ 10 ] . Burgiba yekcem srid deg tiwura-s n uselway deg timeṛjiwt n tirawt n Tamenḍawt id effken sin iseggasen sakkin tumast taselwayant n unhil amaynu.

Amezruy Afranan

Ass n 8 wamber 1959 llant tifernin timezwura tiselwayin d timsuḍaf [ 11 ] . Sakkin, sin isniɣesen agi ttwadrun deg unsay deg yiwen wass kan, ass n acer (lḥedd) [ 11 ] .

Seg isniɣes amezwaru, Burgiba yesɛa-d abeḥri n umalway amszarug, netta kan i d-amazwar anwarmirm. Ad yeqqim akken armi d 1974 , agmuḍ ines ur yeḥbes ara ad yerni seg 91 % deg 1959 ar 99,85 % deg 1974 [ 11 ] . Armi kan ass n 10 ctamber 1974 yella wayeḍ amazwar nniḍen i ɛerden ad yesssissen mgal aselway. Cadli Zwiten, aselway n Taxxamt tilemẓit tudmist n Tunes, yesseɣret aɣtas ines deg asseɣret ar taɣemsa yili yettwaḍfer sɣur alɣu n yiwen umaslaḍ n tiddukla nni yetssumelen aɣtas n uselway ines [ 23 ] . Am yettwarǧu, tirtit ur tettwaḍḍef ara sɣur tasmilt ad hoc [ 23 ] . Isniɣes agi ad yilli d aneggaru acku yettwaḍfer aseggas aḍfar sɣur taseɣrut n Burgiba am « aselway ar tudert ».

Ilaq an arǧu snat n tmerwin iwakken an ẓer aneɛruḍ wis sin n Munsef Marzuqi , aselway anaffaɣ n Tamɣunt tatunsit n izerfan n wemdan , yebɣan ad yessissen mgal Ben Ɛli deg useggas 1994 . Yili, ur yezmer ara ad yessegrew amḍan n izmalen yelaqen iwakken ad yettekki ar tafrent dɣa sakkin yettwaḥbes [ 15 ] daɣen yettwagdel n upaspuṛ [ 24 ] . Zdat isedrigen agi, ilaq ad rǧun isuḍaf imenḍawanen yetwadɣeren « s uzwel asɣasan », dɣa yeksalugen ar umagrad 40 n Tamenḍawt, i tifernin n 1999 , 2004 d 2009 , iwakken imazwaren nniḍen ad zemren ad ssissnen iman-nsen ar tinneflest tanafellat.

Sakkin tagrawla id gweyn ar tagellawt n Ben Ɛli, Agraw ismatteran yefren aselway n Tagduda s taqiḍuft tuffirt, ass n 12 dujamber 2011, s tigti tamagdezt n imaslaḍen ines. Mraw imazwaren ssissnen-d maca, tam ur d ssegrewen ara mraw semmus izmalen yelaqen dɣa yiwen umazwar ur yesɛa ara leɛmeṛ yelaqen, yiwen kan yesɛan tiwtilin yelaqen i tirtit [ 25 ] . Munsef Marzuqi yettwafren s 153 tuɣac, kraḍt mgal, snat taggalin d 44 idɣaren imellalen, yesmezri aken i Fuɛad Mebazɛa yellan deg tawuri am imedzi [ 26 ] .

Sakkin tuddma n Tamenḍawt tamaynut, adɣar yettwahel ass n 23 wamber 2014 i tafrent n uselway amaynu n Tagduda [ 27 ] . Ass n 21 dujamber , sakkin tuzzya tis snat, Bejji Lqayed Ssebṣi , aneɣlaf aqdim ddaw Burgiba dɣa aselway n Taxxamt n imazanen ddaw Ben Ɛli, yettwafren deg tuzzya tis snat s 55,68 % n tuɣac, aselway Marzuqi yegweyd 44,32 % [ 21 ] . D aselway amezwaru yettwafrenen s umagday deg tamurt [ 28 ] .

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