Tutlayt tanumidit

Tutlayt n Numidya (s tifinaɣ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵜ) neɣ Tanumidit d tutlayt akk-d isekkilen n Tamaziɣt taqburt yettmeslayen deg Numidya . Aḍris swayes i tettwaru, isekkilen n Tamaziɣt taqburt (seg-s daɣen i d-tekka Tifinaɣ ) , qrib ad yettwafser s lekmal-is, yerna isekkilen-ines (agar kra seg-sen seg kra n temnaḍin) sεan azalen yettwasnen. Iḍrisen n Tanumidit ttwaseqdacen ladɣa seg awines wis 3 u qbel n tallit-nneɣ (UT) ar awines wis 3 n tallit-nneɣ deg Tafriqt n Ugafa .

Ilaq ad d-nesmekti — akken daɣen ara d-yessekfel ṣṣwab — belli ɣer imaziɣen n tallit-nneɣ, Tamaziɣt Taqburt, ɣas akken tbeddel deg tmawalt, teqqim s umata am akken tella zik deg usebded n tjerrumt. Ayagi yeǧǧa tamaziɣt taqburt ad tili am tmaziɣt ay ttmeslayen ass-a deg Tefriqt n Ugafa s kra n temgaradin timnaḍin timecṭuḥin; ayagi yessefham acimi imussnawen zemren ad d-afen anamek n issekkilen n tmaziɣt taqburt s useqdec n tmaziɣt tatrart.

Tantaliwin d wassaɣ-nsent d tutlayin nniḍen tiqburin

Yettwassen belli yella umgired n usaru gar tamaziɣt taqburt n Numidya n utaram d tin n wenẓul.

Ma ad nebdu seg tmurt n Leqbayel (i yellan deg zik-nni temnaḍt yemxalafen) , timnaḍin n usamer armi d ayen yellan ɣer tama n utaram n Tunes, d timnaḍin n utaram n Libya llan sseqdacen anagraw n tira n tmaziɣt taqburt n usammar, ma d timnaḍin n utaram armi d wasif n Melwit, tmurt n Lmerruk, ttmeslayen s tntaliwin n Numidya n usammar yerna sseqdacen anagraw n tira n tmaziɣt taqburt n utaram i yettwaseqdacen s waṭas yerna mazal ur yettwasfeḍ ara. [ 2 ] Tantala n Numidya n usammar tella tesεa aṭas n tazrirt n tutlayt n Qerṭaj ugar n tmaziɣt taqburt n Numidya n utaram, yerna Tantala n Numidya n utaram tella meqqret deg turdert-is ɣef tin n Numidya n utaram. [ 3 ] S umata, tutlayt tamaziɣt i yellan ttmeslayen deg Numidya tella tesεa assaɣ n tutlayt n Qerṭaj , d acu kan aya ibeddel asmi ay d-uwḍen iṛumyen. Tanumidit d kra n wawalen n Tmaziɣt Tatrart sɛan assaɣ n taspenyult n zik, uqbel ad d-awḍen Iṛumyen ɣer Spanya , d tutlayin nniḍen tiqdimin, ur nettemcabi ara, i yellan deg Turuft , Asya tamecṭuḥt, Iran n zik. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]

Ur yettwassen ara aṭas ɣef tmuɣliwin n tmaziɣt taqburt deg Numidya imi ula d yiwet deg-sent ur tettwasfeḍ akken ilaq, yerna anagar kra n yisebtar n iẓekwan n usammar n Numidya, ula d yiwet seg tira n tutlayt taqburt n Numidya ur tettwafhem. Yezmer lḥal, yerna tikwal yettwaḥsab d akken d ayagi i d lḥal, d akken tutlayt n tmurt n Muriṭanya n zik (Lmerruk n tura) tezmer ad tili d tantala n wayen yettwasemlayen s waṭas deg Numidya, ɣas akken drus neɣ ulac tiɣriwin ɣef tutlayt yettwasemlayen deg Muritanya. [ 6 ]

Deg wazal n 500 un tallit-nneɣ, aṭas n aṭas n imaziɣen i d-yemmugren seg ugafa ɣer tiniri, , d yiwet n temnaḍt i deg llan yimezdaɣ n tmurt n Gaɛtuliyen. [ 7 ] Ɣas akken tamnaḍt ideg llan zedɣen ur d-tban ara kra n tira, dɣa ur tettili ara deg wayen i nessen ɣef Numidya, yettwassen belli Plinius amɣar yura belli tutlayt n Gaetuliyan n tiniri tella tettemcabi mliḥ akk d tin n Numidya, s wakka i d-yettban belli tutlayt n Gaetuliyan tezmer ad tili d tantala n wayen yettwasmeslayen di Numidya. [ 8 ]

Asenfar d usnulfu

Leqdic ɣef ussefhem n tira n tutlayt i yettmeslayen deg Numidya mazal ur ifukk ara, ɣas akken deg yiseggasen ineggura kra n yimnadiyen ɛerḍen ad d-rren imeslayen-is s useqdec n usekkil n Tanumidt ɣer tama n tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart. Amur ameqran seg tira-nni i d-yeqqimen d iḍrisen n tmeḍrit, yerna ttabaɛen tawsit n " X w-Y " ( X mmi-s n Y ). " BNS " d awalen i d-yettuɣalen s waṭas deg tira-yagi, i d-yeqqaren ahat "aẓekka n". Aṭas n wawalen i yesεan “H” deg taggara-nsen, ur iban ara lxedma-nsen.

Kra n yiẓra n iẓekwan sbeggen-d awal yemgaraden gar sin n yismawen n imdanen, yettwafhamen d awal n twacult ma nmuqel ɣef awalen n Tmaziɣt: “ wlt” "yelis n" (s Tmaziɣt tatrart wəlt) d, ugar n tikwal, mt "tammat (n)" (ma Tuareg amaynut). Am tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart, " ta-...-t " tessawal-d i talɣa n tmeṭṭut n wawal s usekkil n “ H” yettwaseklen ɣer taggara. [ 9 ]

Deg isekkilen n Dougga llan kra n yismawen isertanen i d-yettwasemman, am " gld " i izemren ad d-yettwasuqel s wawal n tamaziɣt tamaynut "agellid" [ 10 ] i d-yekkan seg wawal n tamaziɣt taqburt "a-gəllid". Kra n imyagen i d-yettwaseknen mebla ccekk deg isekkilen-nni yemxallafen.

Aserwes d tamaziɣt tatrart, d ayen i d-yesskanen belli “ ṣkn ”, ahat yettwarun s " eṣ(ə) k-n ” s lsas n umgerrad n tmaziɣt tatrart, d-yeqqaren “ esken ” neɣ " yebna ", ilaq ad yettwasqerdec d ṣk "yebna" rnu -n , i d-yettakken aseɣwen n umdan wis tlata deg umyag (-en). [ 11 ] [ 12 ]

Tanumidt tesskanay-d yerna tebḍa amur ameqran neɣ akk n tesɣunin-nnes " n " akked " d " s Tmaziɣt tatrart, ɣer yidis n tesɣunin yemgerraden, am " ta...-t ", " m- ". [ 13 ]

Amedya n tsuqilt s useqdec n tikli-a yezmer ad d-yettwabder deg yiwen n uḥric seg tira n Numidya i d-yeɣran "Msnsn. gldt. w-gjj".[ "Msnsn" d isem n ugellid Mass-nsen ma d "gldt" d awal i ugellid. Taggara, "w-gjj", neɣ “win i d-yeǧǧa”, anamek-is "mmi-s n Gaïa". [ 14 ]

S wakka, ma yeεreḍ ad yessuqel aḍris n Numidya s tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart d tamaziɣt tazwart, ad d-yini "Mass-nsen agellid, win i d-yeǧǧa (mmi-s n) Gaïa ". 24][22]

Ma yella tasuqilt n "SBS" (asebbas) deg uḍris n Thugga d " aseggas", d tidett, ihi aya yebɣa ad d-yini belli talɣa n "ww" tamaziɣt taqburt i d-yernan d " gg " neɣ " gw " deg waṭas n tutlayin tamaziɣt tatrart tella d " bb " neɣ " bw " deg Numidya. Ayagi yella kan deg Tẓẓungiyya (Tutlayt tamaziɣt yellan ɣef yiri n tmettant ttmeslayen-tt luluf n medden deg deg Muriṭanya tatrart d ugafa n Senegal) d kra n yimedyaten n teqbaylit deg tallit tatrart anda, ilaq ad d-nesmekti, belli tikwal " aseggas" yettwaru " aseggwas" . [ 15 ]

Tuẓẓungiyya tella d yiwet seg tutlayin n tmaziɣt i d-yeffɣen seg wegraw n tmaziɣt taqburt, yerna mazal-itt tesɛa aṭas aṭas n tɣawsiwin tiqburin, nnig n useqdec n talɣa-a deg Numidya, yezmer ad d-yini dakken deg usnerni n tutlayin timaziɣin " ww " yuɣal d " bʷ " syin d " gʷ ".

Ismawen n Numidiyen s umata ttɛeddayen ɣef yiwet n tikti n yisem yemseqdacen, maca yettwassen akken iwata, i d-yellan deg tallit n zik akked tallit n tlemmast. Ɣas akken mačči d aya i yella dima, aya yella-d ladɣa i yigensasen neɣ imḍebbren imeqranen. Amek i t-yexdem yella d ayen isehlen: Amyag deg umdan wis 3 + ismawen n umdan d afiks (usrid neɣ ur nelli ara usrid) deg talɣa n usget n umdan wis 3 (y/itt-X-nitni/nitni). [ 16 ]

D amedya, isem n Yugar-iten yella-d am "y-uger-ten" ( win i ten-yugaren ), ma d isem n ugellid Mass-nsen ( MSNSN s Tmaziɣt taburt) [ 17 ] yella-d d "mas-nsen" (mass nsen) . Aṭas n leqdic ɣef tutlayt n Numidya i yexdem Salem Chaker , s leqdic-is i d-yefka afus deg usekles n kra n wawalen deg tutlayt s usekles n yismawen yettwasnen. [ 18 ]

D ayen ay d-iteddun d asemgerrad gar kra n wawalen n Numidya yettwasnen s tmuɣli n tutlayin n imaziɣen n ugafa n wass-a akk-d n Tamashek. Awalen i d-yettwasnen s usekkil yettwarun deg tewsitin. Awalen i d-yettwaseknen s ddaw-as, d wid i d-yettwakksen seg yismawen n Numidya.

Asemger-a yeqqar-d dakken ahat tanumidit d tin ay d-iqerben akk ɣer tutlayin timaynutin n tmaziɣt n Ugafa am tutlayin tizenatiyin, tutlayt n Shilha, d tutlayt taqbaylit ɣas akken tutlayin timaynutin n Ugafa ddant s yibeddilen n tjerrumt, yerna ddment-d daɣen awalen n ussidef seg taɛṛabt, talatinit, akked tefransist. Taqbaylit tezmer ad tili d tin ay d-iqerben akk ɣer tnumidit, maca tessexdem awalen d tefyar seg tutlayin nniḍen i d-yettwasemman. [ 19 ]

Ɣef leḥsab n waṭas n yimusnawen n tutlayin, “ H” deg taggara n waṭas n wawalen n numidya yella yessusem neɣ yeffeɣ-d deg tallit tatrart, [ 20 ] neɣ d akken deg waṭas n tegnatin am “ MSWH” neɣ “ MWSNH” , yezmer lḥal, yella yettwaseqdac deg wemkan neɣ yezmer lḥal d netta i d-yellan uqbel n wawal n tmaziɣt “ ɣ” deg tmaziɣt tatrart. [ 13 ]

Aḍris n Thugga

Aḍris n Thugga d netta ay d aḍris n Numid ay yettwassnen s tɣawla ar ass-a, yerna d netta ay d-yesfaydin seg waṭas n tɣawsiwin ay d-yesskanayen tutlayt-a.

ṢKN•TBGG•BNYFŠ•MSNSN•GLDṮ•WGYY•GLDṮ•WZLLSN•ŠFṬ

SBSNDH•GLDṮ•SYSH•GLD•MKWSN

ŠFṬ•GLDṮ•WFŠN•MWSNG•ŠNK•WBNY•WŠNK•DŠFṬ•WM

WTNKW•MṢṢKW•MGN•WYRŠTB•WSDYLN•GẒB•MGN•WŠFṬ•MW

WŠMN•GLDṮ•GLDGMYL•ZMR•WMSNF•WŠMN•GLDMṢK•M

WŠYN•GLDṮ•WMGN•GLDṮ•ṬNYN•ŠYN•WNKKN•WFṬŠ•DR

ŠFṬ•WŠNK• [ 20 ]

əṣk(ə)-n Tubgag BNYFŠ[?] Masnsen a-gəllidṯ u-Gayya a-gəllidṯ u-Zelalsen šufeṭ

Asəbbas NDH a-gəllidṯ(?) s-yusa a-gəllid Mikiwsan [ 20 ]

Imezdaɣ n Thugga bnan lǧameɛ-a i Mass-nsen agellid mmi-s n Gaia agellid mmi-s n Zilalsan amḥakem, deg useggas wis mraw segmi iḥkem Micipsa, deg useggas n Shufet agellid mmi-s n Afshan agellid, amesbaṭli: Shanok mmi-s n Banay d Shufet mmi-s n Magon mmi-s n Tanaku. Amεellem-is d Magun mmi-s n Yirastan mmi-s n Sadyalan, d gzby: Magun mmi-s n Shufet amesbaṭli mmi-s n ugellid Abdeshmun. Wid i d-yebnan taḥanut-a: Asyan mmi-s n Ankikan mmi-s n Patas d Arash mmi-s n Shufet mmi-s n Shanok.

Aḍrisen n lemtel

Iḍrisen-a d imedyaten n yuran s snat tutlayin yesεan anamek yettwasnen, tuget deg-sen d iḍrisen n temḍelt

Tutlayt n Qerṭaj

[mn]ṣbt š'ṭbn bn ypmṭt bn plw

hbnm š'bnm ʕb'rš bn ʕbdštrt

zmr bn 'ṭbn bn ypmṭt bn plw

mngy bn wrsbn

wb'zrt šl' **t* zzy wṭmn wwrskn

hḥršm šyr msdl bn nnpsn w'nkn b[n] 'šy

hnskm šbrzl špṭ bll wppy bn bby

Aẓekka n 'ṭbn mmi-s n Ypmṭt mmi-s n Plw.

Ibennayen n yedɣaɣen: ⁇ b'rš mmi-s n ⁇ bdštrt;

Zmr mmi-s n 'ṭbn mmi-s n Ypmṭt mmi-s n Plw;

D mmi-s n Wrsbn.

Yerna ɣef ???-is, Zzy mmi-s n Ṭmn d Wrskn.

Ixeddamen n tẓegwa: Msdl mmi-s n Nnpsn d 'nkn mmi-s n 'šy.

Isebtaren i sɛan azday ɣer " Šfṭ " d " Ppy "

****N WYFMṬT W*******DRŠ WWDŠTR

*****BN WYFMṬṮ WFLW

MNGY WWRSKN

KSLNS ŻŻY WṬMN WRSKN

NBBN NŠ[Q]RH MSDL WNNFSN NKN WŠY

NB*N NZLH ŠFṬ WBLL FFY WBBY

Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin

Aṭeban w-Yefmaṭat w-Falu****D'rš w-Wadaštar

Zamir w-Aṭeban w-Yefmaṭat w-Falu

Mangy w-Wareskan

KSLNS Żaży w-Ṭaman w-Raskn

inababen n a-šɣarh Masdil w-Nanafsen Naken w-šy

inababen (?) n uzzal Šufeṭ w-Balil Fafy W-Beby [ 21 ]

Talatinit

SACTUT•IHIMIR F•VIXIT•ANORVM•LXX H[SE]

Talatinit ɣer taqbaylit

Sactut mmi-s n Ihimir yedder 70 iseggasen. [Dayi i yettwamḍel.]

Tanumidt

ZKTT WYMR MTYBLH MSWH MNKDH

Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin

Zaktut w-Iymir MTYBLH amsiweɣ amenkad

Tasuqilt n tnumidit ɣer taqblaylit (izemren ad tili)

Zaktut mmi-s n Iyimir MTYBLH aserdas n ugellid. [ 13 ]

Ẓer: daɣen Tifinaɣ d Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt

Tisɣunin