Irland

Irland (s tirlandit : Éire (asusru ), s taglizit : Ireland (asusru )), d awanak deg ugafa n Turuft , tezga-d deg tegzirt n Irland ger ugaraw anaṭlas deg umalu n Briṭanya Tameqqrant . Tamanaɣt-is d Dublin i d tamdint meqqren akk deg tamurt.

Irland tekcem ɣer Tadukli Tuṛufit deg 1973 [ 1 ] , ed ɣer Asqamu n Turuft deg 1949 [ 2 ] .

Isem

Awal n Eire yekka-d seg awal Eiru s Tagalyit [ en ] , d isem n tillut deg tesnmita taseltit (Celtic mythology) [ 3 ] .

Amezruy

Igaliyen [ en ] zedɣen tegzirt n Irland seg lqern wis 4 Uqbel- Ɛisa , i xeddmen aṭas n tgeldiwin imecṭuḥen. Deg lqern wis 5, Igaliyen [ en ] ad uɣalen imasiḥiyen s Agerram Patrik (Saint Patrick) [ en ] [ 4 ] .

Seg lqern wis 8 ar lqern wis 12, Inuṛmanen [ en ] ed Vikings i steɛmṛen tegzirt n Irland [ 4 ] .

Seg lqern wis 12 ar lqern wis 18, igliziyen ed iskutlandiyen ḥekmen tegzirt n Irland (mseḍfaren : Henri II deg lqern wis 12, Tudors deg lqern wis 16 ed Cromwell deg lqern wis 17) [ 4 ] .

Irland deg 1922 i tewwi timunent ɣef Tagelda Yedduklen [ 1 ] , deffir 7 n tasutin n leḥkem abriṭani [ 5 ] .

Tarakalt

Irland d win i d-yeṭṭfen 85% n tajumma n tegzirt n Irland , yezga-d deg umalu n Briṭanya Tameqqrant (iferqen s Ilel n Irland [ 5 ] ), ed umalu - wenẓul n Irland n Ugafa (d tamurt i iḍefṛen Tagelda Yedduklen ) [ 1 ] .

Irland deg-s tiɣalltin ɛlayen, idurar ed yizaɣar ameqqran akked yigelmimen deg tlemmast n tmurt [ 6 ] .

Inezwi

Irland tesɛa unezwu agarwan ; taẓɣelt talemmast n tagrest tettbeddil gar 4,4 d 7,2 °C, ed taẓɣelt talemmast n anebdu d ahat n 15 °C [ 7 ] .

Timnaḍin n Irland

Irland tesɛa 4 n timnaḍin qqaren-as s tirlandit : cuige , anamek-is d (temnaḍt) wis xemsa , axaṭeṛ zik, tegzirt n Irland tebḍa d 5 timnaḍin. Temnaḍt n Meath (Tara) tekcem ɣar temnaḍt n Laighean [ 9 ] .

Tawennaḍt

Imɣan n Irland laṣel-is s waṭas deg Briṭanya Tameqqrant , temmug s roseau , azlaf , ifilku , sphagnum ed leṣnaf nniḍen [ 7 ] .

Iɣersiwen n Irland ur txulef ara aṭas ɣer iɣersiwen n Briṭanya Tameqqrant neɣ n Fransa [ 7 ] .

Gar iɣersiwen n Irland yella : Agtul n Irland ( aɣersiw aɣelnaw n Irland), aberni , abareɣ azeggaɣ , aydi n waman , azeɣnennay , imziy , akʷrekʷdan , puffin yijider awraɣ , taninna ed leṣnaf n iɣersiwen nniḍen [ 12 ] .

Isafen ed yigelmimen

Irland tesɛa aṭas n isafen , d wasif meqqren deg-sen qqaren-as deg taglizit : Shannon , asif-nni yesεa ahat n 360 km deg teɣzi, yettεeddin ɣef kraḍ n yigelmimen : Lough Allen , Lough Ree , ed Lough Derg . D asif n Shannon yettawi ɣer agaraw anaṭlas , sdat n tamdint n Limerick [ 13 ] . Isafen imeqqranen nniḍenn Irland yella : Bandon, Liffey , Lee , Blackwater , Nore , Suir , Barrow , Slaney ed Boyne [ 14 ] .

Irland tesɛa daɣen aṭas n yigelmimen (ugar n yigelmimen n Legliz ), irlandiyen qqaren igelmimen : loughs. Igelmimen igejdanen n Irland yella : Killarney , Corrib , Mask , Conn , ed Derg . [ 14 ]

Lough Corrib d agelmim ameqqran n Irland i yesɛan tajumma ahat n 176 km² [ 16 ] . Igelmimen n Killarney d kraḍ n igelmimen sdat n tamdint n Killarney : Lower Lake , Middle Lake (qqaren-as Muckross Lake ) ed Upper Lake [ 17 ] . Lough Derg d agelmim d wis sin i meqqren akk deg Irland [ 13 ] , yesɛan tajumma ahat n 130 km² [ 16 ] .

Idles

Tutlayin

Irland tesɛa snat n tutlayin tamaddudtin : tirlandit am tutlayt tamaddudt tamezwarut (seg 1922), ed taglizit am tutlayt tamaddudt nniḍen [ 18 ] , [ 19 ]

Deg 2016 , tidersiwin deg Irland (ugar 600 000 n medden) iheddṛen tutlayin nniḍen (nnig n tirlandit ed taglizit ) deg wexxam-nsen : tapulunit (135 895), tafrensist (54 948), talmant (28 331), taspenyult (32 405), Tapuṛtugit [ en ] (20 833), tarusit (21 707), talitwanit (35 362) Tacinwant [ en ] (17 584), taɛrabt (16 072), Tarumanit [ en ] (36 683) ed tutlayin nniḍen (212 198) [ 20 ] .

Isɣanen

Deg 2016 , 78% (ugar n 3,7 n yimelyan) seg ugdud n Irland d yimasiḥiyen ( takatulikt ), 10% d ulac n wesɣan, ugdud nniḍen ferqent gar yimselmen , yihendusen ed isɣanen nniḍen [ 20 ] .

Annay n Irland

Annay aɣelnaw n Irland, deg-s kraḍ n tiɣmiwin : azegzaw , amellal ed ačini . akken ad azamul tdukli gar yegduden n Irland [ 21 ] .

Tiɣmiwin-a kifkif-iten deg lqedd. Tehri n annay i d aɣezzfan s sin imuren ɣef asawn-is (teɣzi) [ 21 ] .

Amellal deg tlemmast n unnay anamek-is d asirem n talwit ara idumen gar snat-nni n tiɣmiwin ( azegzaw ed ačini ) [ 21 ]

Azegzaw anamek-is d ugdud mmi-s ineṣliyen n Irland, ačini anamek-is d ugdud mmi-s n umhersan abriṭani seg lqern wis 17 [ 22 ] .

Tadamsa, tnezzut ed isawaḍen

Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt ed Tagelda Yedduklen d icriken n tnezzut igejdanen n Irland, deg-s icriken igejdanen nniḍen yella timura n Tadukli Tuṛufit ( Lalman , Fransa ed Biljik ), Ccinwa ed Taswist [ 25 ] .

Irland tessaǧǧaw tinaεurin d timacinin iliktrikan, tigamanin ikruranen , iselsa, tissit ed iseɣẓanen n tsenselkimt. D tettaǧǧew lpiṭrul, tigamanin n lpiṭrul, timacinin n isawaḍen [ 25 ] .

Iberdan, inafagen ed isugan

Irland tesɛa azeṭṭa n iberdan ameqqren. Inafagen igraɣlanen n Irland usan-d deg Dublin , Shannon ed Cork, daɣen yella aṭas n inafagen imenḍanen nniḍen. Tuget n tnezzut tawlalt n Irland i iɛeddan ɣer isugan igejdanen n ugemmaḍ usammar ed wenẓul n tamurt (deg Dublin , Waterford ed Cork), isugan n Limerick d Galway xedmen ugemmaḍ umalu n Irland [ 25 ] .

Deg Irland tella aṭas n tmacinin gar timdinin ed tudrin tigejdanin n tamurt, ɣer tama n tuqqna akked uzeṭṭa n tmacinin n Irland n Ugafa [ 25 ] .

Tizmilin