Anagraw n wammud

Anagraw n wammud , (s teglizit Operating System OS), Anagraw n wammud (AW) d aseɣẓan n unagraw yessefraken arrum n uselkim d yiseɣẓanen, yerna yettak-d imeẓla icaεen i wahilen n uselkim.

Inagrawen n wammuden n Bḍu-akud s usihel n twuriwini i lmend useqdec amellil n unagraw u zemren daɣen ad d-ilin deg-sen iseɣẓanen n tsiḍent i uḥeṛṛi n wakud n usasker, aḥerri n umḍiq n usekles amuqqran, imunan d teɣbula-nniḍen.

I twuriwin n warum am usekcem d usuffeɣ d uḥeṛṛi n tkatut, anagraw n wammud ixeddem d agrawan gar wahilen d warum n uselkim, ɣas akken tangalt n usnas s umata tettwaselkam srid s warrum, yerna s waṭas yettgen tiɣriwin n unagraw ɣer twuri unagraw neɣ igezzem-itt. Inagrawen n wammuden ttafen-ten deg waṭas n yibenkan ideg yella uselkim - seg yisawalen izirazen d ibenkan n wurar n uvidyu ɣer yiqeddacen web d iselkimen n unnig.

Deg Ctembeṛ 2024, Android d anagraw n wammad yettwassnen akk s umur n wulzuz n 46%, yeḍfer-it Microsoft Windows ɣef 26%, iOS ed iPadOS ɣef 18%, macOS ɣef 5%, ed Linux ɣef 1%. Android, iOS, akked iPadOS d inagrawen n wammud aziraz, ma d Windows, macOS, akked Linux d inagrawen n wammud n tnarit. Azuzer Linux d win yesɛan aɣmar deg unnar n iqeddacen d iselkimen n unnig. Tiggayin-nniḍen yemmuzzgen n yinagrawen n wammud ( inagrawen n wammad s wudem uzzig), am yinagrawen yettwaselɣen d inagrawen n wammud n wakud ilaw, llant i waṭas n yisnasen. Llan daɣen yinagrawen n wammad yettwagen ɣef tɣellist. Kra n yinagrawen n wammud sɛan isutren n warum d imeẓyanen(amedya, afraq n Linux afessas). Wiyaḍ zemren ad sɛun isutren n warum d imeqqranen.

Amazray

Deg iseggasen n 1940, iselkimen (ordinateurs,computers) ttwasihlen(programmer) s weseqdec n teqfilt (interruptuer à bascule), kra i seggasen mbeɛd sseqdecen tikarḍiwin i nezmer ad nɣer s uselkim.

Iselkimen deg iseggasen 1940 ɣer 1960 swan tafunast d yellis (ɣlay it), anagir tirmisin (entreprises) timeqqranin i ten-yesseqdacen, yerna yal amseqdac sbededen as akud n leqdic (limiter le temps d'utilisation).

Akfasihel (multiprogrammation)

akfasihel d awal i d-yussan deg sin wawalen (akfud=multiplication , asihel = programmation).

Inagrawen n wammud yetwasnen

Anawen n inagrawen n wammud

Inagrawen n wammud n waget-iselkimen

S wagetisekkaren, aṭas n CPU ibeṭṭun takatut gar-asen. Aget-aselkim neɣ tegrawt n uselkim sɛan aṭas n CPU(Taynut n usekkar alemmas), yal yiwen seg-sen yesɛa takatut-nnes. Aṭas n waget-yiselkimen ay d-yennulfan acku aṭas n wagetisekkaren weɛṛen i ujenyuṛ yerna ɣlayit; nitni d inmeɣraden deg tsenselkimt n usigna( Cloud ) ɣef lǧal n tiddi n tmacint ay teḥwaj. CPUs yemgaraden zgan ḥwaǧen ad ceyyεen u ad d-ṭṭfen iznan gar-asen ; akken ad ḍemnen timellit yelhan, inagrawen n wammud i tmacinin-a ilaq ad sneqsen anɣel n ikemmusen. Inagrawen imaynuten zgan d igetidrasen n uraǧu - Bḍu igrawen n iseqdacen ɣef idrasen n uraǧu - akken ad sneqsen aḥwaǧ n tenɣelt n yiikemmusen d tallelt n yiseqdacen ɣef tikkelt. Tatiknikt-iḍen d anekcum ɣer tkatut tusridt s wudem anmeggag, ayen yettaǧǧan yal CPU ad yekcem ɣer tkatut yellan deg CPUs-nniḍen. Inagrawen n wammad n wagetiselkimen zgan ttallen tiɣriwin s wudem anmeggag anda CPU yezmer ad d-iɣer i tsekkirt ɣef CPU-nniḍen, neɣ takatut-iḍen yettwabḍan, ideg anagraw n wammud yesseqdac tuhlist akken ad d-isirew takatut yettwabḍan ur nelli ara deg tfekka.

Tamselyut

Anagraw n wammud s tefransist