Tagnit (Amtiweg)

Tagnit neɣ Akal ( azamul-is : ) d amtiweg wis 3 deg wuggug ɣef tfukt (iṭij) deg unagraw anafuk (seld n uziweɣ d tetrit ), akken i tga seg yimtiwgen inakalen meqqren yakk. Tagnit d amtiweg wis 5 deg tjumma gar n imtiwgen n unagraw anafuk [ 1 ] seg wekdu -ines d tkura -ines d tneẓẓi -ines.

Tagnit d tamezduɣt i waṭas n telmas n imuddiren am wemdan d iɣersiwen , anda i tga d adeg amyiwen deg usedday yettwassnen s tilin n tudert deg-s, temmug-d send (uqbel) n 4,54 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Maca tudert deg tegnit tban-d deg umelyaṛ n iseggasen-a ineggura. Seg yimar-mni, tignudert tegla-d s ubeddel deg tignut tinegnit d tfadiwin deg-s, ayen yeǧǧan imuddiren yettidiren s weksijin ad nnernin w ad temmag tissi n wuẓun ixeddmen yakk d yiger adekran n tegnit i twaffra n izenzaren ibumzelgen (yeṭṭurrayen).

Tiskanin tisengamin n tegnit d tmezzit tasengamt timezgit deg wanda i tetezzi ɣef tfukt ǧǧant tudert ad tenfufed w ad tesmed (ad tkemmel) deg-s alammi d ass-a, Akken i ttɣilen imusnawen d akken ad ternu ad tesmed i 1,2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen niden. Sin akin tafat n tfukt yettnernin ad tečč w ad tfakk tignudert -is acku taẓɣelt n tfukt ad tali deg yimal w ad ternu ad timɣuṛ alamma tuɣal d acafcal azeggaɣ w ad yiweṭ wekdu-ines alamma d tmezzit n tegnit. Ttidiren ugar n 8 n imelyaṛen n yimdanen deg tegnit [ 4 ] Tiɣbula n tegnit yemgaraden xeddment i wakken ad ǧǧen tilin n teɣreft meqqren n yimdanen ibeṭṭun amadal gugar-asen, imdanen-a ẓẓunin (ferqen) ɣef 200 n tmura timzirgin. Akken ig snefli wemdan aṭas n tmettiyin d tɣermawin d yedlisen yemgaraden.

Asileɣ n tegnit d tsuddest-is

Tagnit tettumeggez d amtiweg anamur , ayen yennumken d akken tga d tafekka n weẓru, mači d acafcal n ugaz meqqren am Yebter . Akken i tettumeggez daɣen d amtiweg meqqren yakk deg tegrawt n yimtiwgen inamuren yellan deg wudus anafuk ama deg tkura neɣ deg ubleɣ . S tmerniwt ɣer wannect-a yakk, Tagnit yemgarad ɣef yimtiwgen inamuren niden deg teflel n weswir n tneẓẓi yakk d teldayt deg tjumma-ines yakk d yiger adekran ussis yakk d tuzzya tarurdant. [ 5 ] war tutut d akken tagnit tga d amtiweg amyiwen deg wanda illant tiflin titktuniyin turmidin

Talɣa n tegnit

Talɣa n tegnit d tin yudsen nezzeh ɣer telɣa takernebnayt timlebbeṭ, acku tga d tafekka timlebbeṭ deg snat n tzeglin n ugafa d unẓul yerna d amezderdam deg usebges . [ 6 ] Azderdem-a igellu-d s tuzzya n tegnit akken i d-yettilin d asrag (ssebba) d akken akdu n tegnit deg usebges yugar akdu-ines deg tzeglin s wazal n 43 km. [ 7 ] akken i d-ittili isig n wekdu n tfekka tamezzayt amniran s wazal n 12,742 km, ayen yegdan 40,000 km/ TT amda yiwen n umiter yella yegda 1/10.000.000 seg umaccaq i d-izgan seg usebges alamma d tizgelt n ugafa s tukkit seg temdint n Paris . [ 8 ]

Yessefk ad yettwabdar d akken asgertel adigan yemgarad ɣef talɣa ayi timezzit taneblalt, ɣas akken imgaraden-a d wid fsusen deg tɣult takemdalit, anda isig n ucali n tegnit ɣur-s amur seg 584, neɣ 0.17% n tfekka tamezzayt tamnirant, dɣa tga d afimidi yellan s ddaw n 0,22% seg ufimidi n ucali yettilin gar n tuzziwin n ubilyardu. [ 9 ] Isigen imeqranen idiganen n ucali d wenfal deg tjumma taneẓrut n tegnit ttwagensen deg wudrar n Everest yeflalen s wazal n 8,848 m sufel n tjumma n yilel yakk deg weɣzu n Mariana yudren s wazal n 10,911 m s ddaw n tjumma n yilel. Yirna s usrag n uzderdem n tiṭṭ n tfukt deg usebges , Adrar n Chimborazo yellan di tmurt n Ecuador yettumeggez d azag yaggugen yakk ɣef wammas n tegnit.

Asileɣ akruran n tegnit

Takura n tegnit tuzen azal n 5.98 × 10 24 kg, amur ameqran deg-s igber wuzzal (32.1%) d weksijin (30,1%) d Silikun (15,1%) d umegnisium (13,9%) d ukebri (2,9%) d unikel (1,8%) d ukalsium (1,5%) d walimenium (1,4%). Ma d ayen i d-igran (1,2%) gan d tismektiwen drusen seg yiferdisen niden. Deg wakud anda iferdisen iẓayanen ttwaleddyen (ttwajbaden) ɣer wammas, iferdisen ifsusen ttagugen ɣef wammas. Kra n imusnawen ttɣilen d akken uzzal iga d asger agejdan i uzadur n tegnit, anda afimidi-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 88,8% yakk d kra n tesmektiwin n unikel (5,8%) yakk d ukebri (4,5%) d ddaw n 1% n iferdisen niden.

Amusnaw n tekrura Frank Wigglesworth Clark yessegza-d d akken ugar n 47% n tiferkit tinegnit tegber seg weksijin . Ma d isegra ineẓruyen s wacu i tegber tferkit yakk igan d imezdiyen s tuget ttumeggzen d uksiden, ma yella d akluṛ, d afluṛ yekk d ukebri ttumeggzen d iferdisen ixataren, Dɣa tasmekta tuɣridt deg-s deg yal azṛu tesgensis-d ddaw n 1% s waṭas. Anecta yedda deg-s uksiden igejdanen ɣef usiliku d waluminya d uksiden n wuzzal d walus d umagnisium d uputasium d suda