Tizi-Uzzu

Tizi Wezzu (s tifinaɣ: ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵓⵣⵣⵓ ), tikwal isem-is yeqqen ɣer Tizi, d tamdint d tamaneɣt n tamnaḍt n Tizi Wezzu. Tizi tezga-d deg usammer ugmuḍ n Tamurt n leqbayel . S 135.088 n yimezdaɣen [ɣef leḥsab n uḥezzeb aneggaru n 2008], Tizi d yiwet seg temdinin timeqqranin deg Tamurt n leqvayel deffir Vgayet . Nnig waya, d yiwet seg ulawen idelsanen akk d yidamsanen imeqqranen n tmurt n Leqbayel i yesɛan azal ameqqran deg umezruy atrar n tmurt.

Amezruy

Tizi Wezzu tella dima zedɣen-tt imaziɣen am wakken i d-yessken yisem-is. Deg tutlayt n leqvayel Tizi Wezzu d asdukkel n kraḍ n yiḥricen (yiwen deg-sen d azamul) ; deg yiwen ufus tizi (amkan n wadda deg yiɣil n wedrar gar snat n tqacucin) , deg wayeḍ azzu (isem n yiwen n yimɣi; Genisteae s tlatinit) ; iḥricen-a, mi dduklen, ttaken azamul n ujeǧǧig n wureɣ. D aya i d-yeskanen afeǧǧeǧ n ṣṣifa n Tizi Wezzu.

Tizi Wezzu tesɛa amezruy yessewhamen ɣef teɣzi n leqrun imi tesɛa azal d ameqran deg umezruy n tmurt n leqbayel.

Tallit n Numidya

Deg tallit taqburt, uqbel ad tili temdint n tidet, tamnaḍt (ladɣa amḍiq n temdint) , Tizi Wezzu tella (am tmurt n Leqbayel akk) d tamnaḍt i yellan d aḥric seg tgelda taqburt n Numidya .

S ssebba n wuguren n wakal, tudert deg temnaḍt-nni tella tewɛer, d acu kan, imdanen i yeddren fell-as sseknen-d kra n tezmert n usseqdec yerna, nnig waya, sseknen-d tikli n uxeddim ijehden akken ad ddren deg-s. Iban-d yella-d leqdic sɣur weɣref amaziɣ, maca ur d-yeqqim kra n wayen yesɛan azal s wudem n lebni n tallit-a.

( ẓer daɣen Numidya )

Tallit n Ṛuman

Deg tallit n Ṛuman, iban-d belli yella ugar n ccɣel deg temnaḍin n rrif n yilel n temnaḍt Tizi Wezzu, maca drus n leqdic deg wemkan anda tella tura temdint ass-a. Dɣa ɣef tlisa n yilel n temnaḍt Tizi Wezzu i d-ttwafen yiɣermanen n teftist d tɣiwanin, am wid n temdinin, gar-asent tid n Iomnium ( Tigzirt ) , n Ruzuccurus ( Delles ) , n Ruzazus ( Aẓeffun ) , n Bida (Lǧemɛa-n-sariǧ) . [ 1 ] Ṛuman ur sneqsen ara azal n wemkan anda tella tura temdint n Tizi Wezzu yerna ur t-ttun ara, maca ur qqimen ara deg-s aṭas n lweqt, neɣ ahat ur zmiren ara ad qqimen deg-s aṭas, acku amkan-a yella qrib ɣer yiberdan i yettawin ɣer Mons Ferratus (isem ay fkan i yidurar n Ǧerǧer ) yerna ddaw n ufus n xemsa n tdukliwin timaziɣin tiqburin. Tizi n Tizi n At Ɛica d tin n Tizi Wezzu, imi ttwaqqnent aṭas (50 n yikilumitren) , llan qqnen s yiwen n webrid iḍefren abrid n win yellan ass-a; ayagi, ahat, yefka-d afus i Iṛumaniyen akken ad ḥerzen allen-nsen ɣef yidurar n Ǧerǧer.

Deg taggara, s wakud d umennuɣ i d-yellan, iban-d belli Imaziɣen ssawḍen ad ḥekmen ɣef tmiwa n umkan anda tella temdint n Tizi Wezzu tura.

Talilit n Ivandalen d tin n Ibizanṭiyen

Deg tallit-a ur d-llant ara tmenɣiwin timeqranin seg sin-nni n yigensasen ibeṛṛaniyen imi iban dakken ssawḍen Imaziɣen ad ṭṭfen tama-nni.

Ẓer daɣen Tamurt n Leqvayel

Listɛmar Aɛrab

Deg useggas n 647, imesfaren n Waɛraben gan-d tiɣriwin-nsen timezwura deg usamer n tefriqt n ugafa [ 2 ] . Imi d tamurt n idurar i tella, yewεer-asen lḥal i Waɛraben ad mgalen Yiẓwawen, daymi i qqimen yiεeskaren n Waɛraben deg tilisa n tmurt, ur zmiren ara ad ɛeddin ugar, deg lqern amezwaru n taɣellist-nsen.

Deg useggas n 740, imaziɣen akk deg Tafriqt n ugafa kkren-ed mgal tasertit n waklan d tedrimt Dimecq [ 3 ] ; seg Lmerruk alamma d Libya , Iɣallen n Imaziɣen snejmaɛen s yisem n tdukli s yisem n tegnawt n Txarijit, rran-d amur ameqran n Tefriqt n Ugafa rran deg ifassen-nsen, ssufɣen-d iεeskaren n Lxalifa Asunni.

Awines (leqern) wis X yeẓra-d snat n tdukliwin deg tmurt n Leqbayel; tin n Igawawen, tama n utaram, d tin n Ikutamen deg tama n usamer. Sin-a n tdukliwin llan ssnen leqdic n tfellaḥt d lebni n temdinin ɣef yixef n yiberdan i yettwaḥerzen s yiɣil n wedrar. Tizi wezzu ur telli ara d aḥric seg tdukli-a. Daɣen, agmuḍ n uwwaḍ n iɛraben Bni Hilal neɣ Yihilaliyen (s taɛrabt: بنو هلال; anamek-is s teqbaylit “ arraw n waggur yessawen”) deg lqern-nni d ssebba n tuffɣa n yimezdaɣ ɣer idurar imeqranen i wakken ad d-afen imukan n laman.

Syin akkin, akken ttwaḥerzent temsal ddaw n lḥekkam imaziɣen, d timdinin n Delles d Vgayet ẓran-d arkad, tigmi d kra n rrbeḥ seddaw udabu n Imrabḍen d Imweḥḥden (1147-1269), maca, tamnaḍt n temdint n Tizi Wezzu ur teǧǧi ara tiɣawsiwin timeqqranin i d-yeqqimen seg tallit-nni.

Deffir uɣelluy n Imweḥḥden d umennuɣ n udabu i d-yeḍran, tama n wegmuḍ n Leqbayel tella ddaw udabu n Yiḥefsidiyen (1228-1574).

Listɛmar aṭerki

Tazwara n awines wis XVI teẓra talliyin n Ayt-el-Kadi deg Kuku (deg ufella n wasif n Sabaw ) d tin n Ayt Ɛebbas (deg wegmuḍ n wasif n Sahel) seg yiwen n yidis ɣer wayeḍ idurar n Ǧerǧer ; ɣas akken snat-nni n tgeldiwin ur llint ara dima d timeddukal gar-asent, maca i sin sqedcent aṭas iwaken ad fken afus n usnebgi i izruzaɣ i d-irewlen seg temdinin am Vgayet ɣef ljal n tezmert n tgeldiwin n Ṭṭurki d tin n Tmurt n Spenyul. Deg tallit-a, tiɣilt n Sabaw tella sseqdacen-tt s tfellaḥt yimezdaɣen n yidurar n tama-nni ay yellan ddaw leɛnaya n Ayt Lqadi, dɣa d aya ay d-yesnekren ccwal gar-is d tgelda n Ayt Ɛebbas yerna yeldi tawwurt i Yiṭerkiyen akken ad rren iman-nsen ɣer Tizi Wezzu. Iṭurkiyen bnan kra n lbṛuǧ am iz-n-At Ɛica, Lburǧ n Yimnayen , Iɣil azeggaɣ deg awines wis 17.

Ttwassersen daɣen yimukan iserdasiyen imeẓyanen am wid n Tadmayt d Tizi-Ouzou azal n 1640, dɣa, imi tella tettnerni tilin n Yiṭerkiyen, ttwabnan-d lbṛuǧ n Tiz Wezzu, i d-bnan deg 1720-1721, d win n Buɣni i d-bnan kra n yiseggasen sakkin. Ur yeṭṭif ara aṭas n wakud uqbel n tazwara yimenɣiyen gar yimezdaɣen n tmurt-a d Yiṭerkiyen anwa i d-yessawḍen Iṭerkiyen ad snernin lbṛuǧ-nsen ddaw n Bey Muḥemmed Adebaḥ (anamek n yisem-a s taɛrabt ɣer teqbaylit: Win izellun imdanen) 8. Iεemrawiyen, i yeddren ɣer tama n Tizi Wezzu, rran iman-nsen ɣer tama n yiṭurkiyen s warraz n wakal, ẓran yiwen n ccwal gar sin n yiferrawen-nsen; Iεemrawiyen-u-fella (i yellan seddaw n uḥuddu n yiṭurkiyen) d Iεemrawiyen-n-wada (i yellan seddaw n tmeqbert n twacult n Ayt Qaci i yellan deg Tamda [ 4 ] ).

Aya yefka-d i Yiturkiyen tagnit niḍen akken ad uraren yiwet n terbaɛt mgal tayeḍ yerna ttmuqulen imzdaɣ n tmurt s Lberǧ Tizi Wezzu imi ineggura-a sseqdacen ssuq ameqqran n Sebt n Xxoǧǧa [ 5 ] . Aya yessawḍ-d Tizi Wezzu ad turar tamlilt yesɛan azal deg tallit n tuṭṭfa taturkit imi deg-s i tella taɣiwant taṭerkit tamenzut ɣas akken tesɛa drus n yimezdaɣ i d-yettwahezzen kan akken ad rnun i uḥraz n yedrimen n tedrimt i d-yettḍafaren i Tgelda Taṭerkit.

Ẓer daɣen Tamurt n Leqvayel

Anekcum n Fransa ɣef Tmurt n Leqvayel

Imenɣiyen imeqranen i d-yeḍran i wakk-n ad teqqim Tamurt n Leqvayel d tilelli, maca iɣallen-ines ur zmeren ara ad d-mqabalen d yigensasen n Fṛansa i d-yusan s usnerni deg tmusni d waṭas n tussna n yimenɣi atrar; mi ǧǧan Yiturkiyen imukan-nsen akken ad ad sselken tudert-nsen, Iqbayliyen ṭṭfen imukan-nsen d lbṛuǧ-nsen, d acu kan, timdinin n Leqvayel ɣlint yiwet deffir tayeḍ; Vgayet (1833), Delles (1844), d Tizi-Wezzu (1855-1856). Aẓdam n Fransa ɣef tmurt n Leqvayel yebda-d 27 n yiseggasen deffir n umenɣi n Fransa mgal tagelda taɛetmanit n Lezzayer tatrart deg 1830, yerna 19 n yiseggasen deffir n usnulfu n Lezzayer. Deg taggara, Fransa teqqen-ed Tamurt n Leqvayel ɣer Lezzayer deg useggas n 1857 [ 6 ] .

Deffir ma teṭṭef Fṛansa Tamurt n Leqvayel deg wass n 24 yunyu 1857, ɣef ddemma n umennuɣ n Icheriden, bdan ttbanen-d yimezdaɣen ifransisen deg wakk timnaḍin n tmurt n Leqbayel imi aɣelluy afṛensis (ma nessemgerrad-it d win n Yiṭerkiyen i d-yellan s lsas n leqdic n taflist, tanezzut n yiklan, d tabzert) d win n tuḍḍfa n wakal d usseqdec n tfellaḥt.

Taɣremt n Tizi tettwasnulfa-d s wudem unṣib ɣef asaḍuf agellid afṛensis n 23 Tubeṛ 1858; d tiririt ɣef tlalit n yiwet n tnezduɣt aydeg ddren azal n 600 n yimdanen deg webrid seg Lezzayer tamanaɣt ɣer Vgayet .

Iɣallen n Fṛansa llan d imseḍfaren deg usenfaren-nsen; ṭṭfen lberǧ aqbur aṭerki n Tizi Wezzu, yerna bnan-d amkan n ussefrek d yiwen n usbiṭar aserdasi.

Asekles n wakal n tmurt yebda-d s ugar n 15000 n yiqeṭṭaren deg tazwara d allal i lebni n tmiwa timezwura. Armi d 1859, llan 13 n yiminigen ifransisen deg tama n lberǧ-nni akked ugar n 500 n yeqbayliyen i izedɣen deg temnaḍt-nni.

Tizi tebda-d seg yiwet kan n tɣiwant n ussehres aydeg llan kra kan n yimezdaɣen ifṛensisen qrib n lberǧ, maca s lemɣawla tuɣal d taddart yesɛan kra n imeela izuyaz, taglisya, lbuṣta, d aɣerbaz aɛṛab/afṛensis, lqahwa-tneččit.

Ass uqbel tanekra tameqqrant n 1871 taddart-a tella tesɛa azal n 245 imezdaɣ; deg Meɣres-Yebrir n 1871, tekker tnekra deg wakk timnaḍin n tmurt n Leqbayel, taddart n Tizi Wezzu ur telli ara d tasureft imi ula d nettat wwten-tt yimeɣnasen iqbayliyen yerna snegren-tt.

Imeɣnasen iqbayliyen ẓedmen ɣef tɣiwant; ḍran-d yimenɣiyen iqesḥen imi imezdaɣen Ifransisen ffren daxel n yiɣerruba n lberǧ armi i ḍḍfen yiɣallen ifṛensisen, s lemɛawna niḍen seg beṛṛa, tagnit-nni. Deg taggara n umennuɣ imezdaɣ iqbayliyen ttwaḥettmen ad uɣalen ɣer yidurar ɛlayen.

Aɣref n Fransa deg Tizi ikemmel yettnerni imi deg useggas n 1873 llan 289 n yimezdaɣen, deg useggas n 1873 llan 400, ma deg 1875 llan 1200 n yimdanen, d ayen ay d-iqerben ɣer umḍan n yimezdaɣen iqbayliyen i yellan deg 1876 azal n 1500 n yimdanen.

Deg useggas n 1888, tebna-d Fransa abrid n tmacint si Lezzayer tamanaɣt ɣer Tizi Wezzu; aya yessawḍ-d ɣer tilin n yimezdaɣen ifṛensisen meqqren d tneflit n temdint-a, dɣa d aya i d-ijebden ugar n yimezdaɣen ifṛensisen d yimezdaɣen n Turuft akken ad d-asen ad zedɣen deg temnaḍt-a armi d 1910.

1910 ar 1920 tella-d tneflit tadamsant tameqrant imi Ifransisen bnan lluzinat timaynutin, ssersen-d tafat n yiberdan ɣef lsas n teftilin n ukarbid, yerna sdeffir waya ssersen-d tafat n trisiti azal n 1917-1918.

Deg 1925, bdant ttetwalant tkeṛṛusin timezwura deg temdint-a yerna rnan-d asfalt deg yiberdan n temdint, maca imukan imezwura n usebded n lbenzin (Shell d Standard Oil) ttbanen-d uqbel imi amkan amezwaru n tenzut n lbenzin i d-yettban-d deg 1922. [ 7 ] .

Amenɣi n Tmunent n Lezzayer

Deg useggas n 1956, mi d-teqqel tamdint-a d tamaneɣt tamnaḍant (s tefransist: chef-lieu de departement) , temɣer ugar; Ifransisen bnan-d sbiṭar, lbaṭima tadeblant d lbaṭima n temsulta.

Akken yebda umenɣi n tmunent n Lezzayer deg useggas n 1954 yerna yettkemmil wemgaru-nni, aṭas n medden i yettwaḥettem ad ffɣen seg tudrin-nsen ad ruḥen ɣer temdint. Deg useggas n 1958, ddeg uḍris n uɣawas n tdamsa n De Gaul, Fransa tebna-d timnaḍin timaynutin n tnezduɣt s ssuma tameẓyant am tid n Cité Million, Cité Eucalyptus, Les Genêts.

Assa

Deffir n tmunent n Lezzayer. Tamdint-a tella d amkan n umennuɣ mgal udabu aserdasi n Ben Bella d lɛesker-nnes n tlisa ddaw afus n Hewwari Bumedyen ; Belqasem Krim , Muḥamed Budiaf, Muḥend Ulḥaǧ d wiyaḍ mlalen-d dagi akken ad heggin iman-nsen i umennuɣ n 1962-1963.

Deg 1963, Ḥusin At Ḥmed d yiɣallen-is n Tirni Iɣallen Inemlayen (FFS) ufan-d taseddarit di Tizi Wezzu imi ula d netta yebɣa ad ibedd mgal adabu.

Sin-a n tiktiwin ur ssawḍen ara ad awḍen ɣer rrbeḥ. Tiḍrisin-a n lmeḥna jerḥent agdud n Leqvayel akk, d imezdaɣ n Tiz Wezzu ladɣa, seg yal lǧil.

Asideg (timella)

Tarakalt

Tizi Wezzu tezga azal n 70 km ɣef rrif n yilel agrakal (lebher) akk-d wazal n 60 km seg Bgayet ; ɣef tlisa-s ad nef seg usammer Tubiret (80 km), ɣef wegmuɣ Bgayet , Bumerdas ɣef utaram.

S Tajumma n azal n 2.958 km2 tawilayet n Tizi Wezzu tella yiwet seg timnaḍin i meqren deg tmurt n leqbayel. Aḥric ameqran n waman ttassen seg idurar n Ǧerǧer uqbel n ucercer-nsen ɣef wasif n Sbaɛu; llan deg-s watas n tifrawin am uggug n Teqṣebt (160 imelyaren n m3).

Tizi Wezzu tesɛa azal n 1.222.334 n imezdaɣ (leḥṣab n 2005) s tajumma n 2958 km²; ɣef wagi tella yiwet n temnatt yesɛan azal meqqren deg Tefriqt ugafa.

Tamdint n Tezi Wezzu d tamaneɣt n temnatt i tella; 120 000 n imezdaɣ i ɣur-es (tesɛa).

Timdinin timeqranin n twilayt n Tizi Wezzu:

Tiɣiwanin n Tizi Wezzu

Llant 67 (seddist sa) n tiɣiwanin deg tamnaḍt n Tizi Wezzu

Igemmamen n Tizi Wezzu (Lḥumet)

Ad naf aṭas n yegmamen di Tizi Wezzu, maca llan kra deg-sen i yettwasnen s aṭas.

Tuddar n tɣiwant n Tizi Wezzu

Tadamsa

Tadamsa n Tizi Wezzu tettwaḥkem s tlata n igzumen ixelqen idrimen merra n tamnaṭṭ:

Tamerrit (tourisme)

Idurar n Ǧerǧer akked leǧwahi-nsen llan d aɣbalu n tmerrit ameqran deg tamnaṭṭ n Tizi Wezzu imi yal aseggas ilulufen n lɣaci temsafren ɣur-es iwakken ad sɛeddin lweqt n ustaɛfu-nsen; Taddart n Tala n Yilef d imukan i iɛejben aṭas n lɣaci deg lweqt n Skii.

Imukan n taɣedweft: Ixerban n Rruman: Tigzirt (Iomnium), Taqṣebt (Rusupisir), Aẓeffun (Rosazu). Rrif n lebḥer (taftist) d ayen i ijebbden daɣen aṭas n medden di tamurt merra.

Tamguri

Tella yiwet temguri tamectuḥt deg Tizi Wezzu lameɛna ur tesɛi ara tazmart meqqren ad teqneɛ aḥwaǧ n lɣaci ines.

Wigi d timetti meqqren deg Tizi Wezzu:

Tafellaḥt (Ager)

Tafellaḥt (ager) mazal tella d agzum ameqran deg tudert n imezdaɣ n Tizi Wezzu am afares n zzit n uzemmur, tabexsist, tizurin atg.

Asegmi

Tizi Wezzu d amkan anda tella yiwet tesdawit i meqqren deg tmurt, tasdawit n Lmulud at Maɛemer; 28,305 n inelmaden.

Aḥric ameqran n imezdaɣ n Tizi Wezzu ttmeslayen s Tamaziɣt (tutlayt n wegdud) akk-d tafransist (tutlayt tis snat).

Addal

Ddabex uḍar d addal amezwaru deg tmurt n imaziɣen akken daɣen i yella deg Tizi Wezzu imi Aneɣlam n ddabex n Tizi Wezzu, Jeunesse Sportive de Kabylie neɣ JSK , d yiwen n wesrir yettwasnen deg Tefriqt merra.

Iɣbula

Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen