Timraradin

Timraradin ( isem ussnan : Reptilia ) d yiwen n usmil n iɣersiwen ikuẓdaren inefrawen ( amniote ) yettemruruden i wakken ad ddun seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ. Tura, llant wazal n 11.900 no telmas n temraradin yettidiren deg waṭas n yideggan n umaḍal. Tilmas-a bḍant ɣef 4 n tfesniwin :

Tifekkiwin n temraradin d tid i yeččuren d tiferkekt . Ssrusayent timellalin d tnefriwin . Dɣa, asesmel -a aqdim igber ula seg kra n iɣersiwen imesɣzayen am idinuẓuren ur nettferfir ara. Aṭas n isenmalen n usismel inemgalen i yezrin ɣef temraradin. Imir-a, timraradin yakk nnegrawent-d s ddaw n usmil n Reptilia , maca asismel afurkan atrar imeggez (ijɛel) tagrawt-a d azuniri , acku inzan ijiniyen d isenzikedren mmlen-d d akken tizutar d tid yettaken assaɣ i yigḍaḍ d idinuẓuren ugar n tmraradin niḍen iy ddren. Ihi, igḍaḍ gan d imraraden s unect n temhazt n yiriten. Ɣef aya, aṭas n inagrawen n usesmil n yiran ttalsen (ttɛawaden) asenmel n usmil n temraradin d akken-itent d afurk asnudran igebren ula d igḍaḍ, ɣas akken asenmel ufrin n ufurk-a yemgarad seg umeskar ɣer wayeḍ. Tella yiwet n tmidrant yettemcabin, iga d afurk asnudran ' tizermudmin ( Sauropsida )' i d-immalen yakk tinefrawin i yettaken assaɣ s waṭas i temraradin timsuḍaḍin n imir-a.

Igmanen n temraradin iqdimen yettwassnen yakk , banen-d deg tallit tirrigt taneggarut, anda i nneflin seg tkuẓdarin tuzwirin ɣer tzemraradin iy ssezgin ugar i wakken ad zemrent ad idirent dennig n wakal. Isefka ijiniyen d isenzikedren mmalen-d d akken sin n yiran meqqren yakk n temraradin ( Archosauromorpha : tizutar d yigḍaḍ, yakk d Lepidosauromorpha : tizermemmuyin d wayen yettaken assaɣ ɣursent), myaggagen (mbaɛaden) deg tallit tapermant yakked temraradin iy ddren ar thura, maca llant waṭas n tegrawin iy negren imir-a, aya yeḍra-d s usrag (s sebba) n angar amazday .

Aglam

Timraradin d tinaɣlalin ilan kuẓ n yiḍarren neɣ d tid i d-yekkan seg yimrawen ilan kuẓ n yiḍarren. Imir-a, ttemrurudent s wadis n tfekka-nsent am yizerman, neɣ teddunt ɣef yiḍaren. S tenmegla ɣef tikelmanin , timraradin ur d-ttekkent ara seg twekkiwin maca amur ameqran deg-sent timekfuṭin , ɣas akken aṭas seg telmas n tmeskebrin d timarawin akken i llan ttemyarawen kra n yifurken yettidiren deg waman inegren , anda iy gemmu umgun s agensu n tyemmat, yerna yessexdam tinefra i wakken ad tiggeẓ deg wemkan n teclemt n tmellalt.

Tilmas n temraradin

Imniren