Saldae

Saldae tella d tamdint n usagen yesɛan azal [ 1 ] deg Tgelda Taṛumit taqburt, tezga-d deg Bgayet n wass-a (deg tmurt n Leqbaye l, deg usammar n Lezzayer ). Tella s umata d amsebrid gar yiḥricen n usammar d umalu n Tefriqt n Ugafa , seg tallit n Qerṭaj alamma d taggara n Tgelda n Tabizantit seg umenẓaw.

Amezruy

Saldae zedɣen-tt tikkelt tamezwarut Imaziɣen n Numidya. Asagen ameẓyan deg tallit n Qerṭaj , yerna deg tallit n Ṛruman tamezwarut, d tamdint n tlisa gar Ruma d Tgelda n Yuba I , tezga-d deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n tgeldiwin n Imaziɣen tiqburin.

Tallit n Ṛuman

Tella-d sɣur Ṛuman s yisem n Civitas Salditana, deg tallit n ugellid n Ṛuman Octavianus Augustus.Yettwabder-d deg wedlis n Plinius Ameqran, Gaius Plinius Secundus, (umi semman Naturalis Historia [ 2 ] . Tasekla n Princeton n Yimukan Iqburen (The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites) tenna-d:

Tallit n Ṛuman teǧǧa-d ugar n tɣawsiwin i d-yeqqimen. Iḥezziben n Rrum ttbanen-d deg waṭas n yimukan.... Seg lebni ay yettwaḥerzen, ay yessewhamen ladɣa d ayen ay d-yeqqimen seg yiwen n ufakan aṛumi i yellan ddaw n teklizt, yettwabna deg umkan n yiwet n tmesgida n zik. Ufakan-nni yella war ccek qrib ɣer tama n lforum (s umata, di Ruma taqburt, d amkan yeldin deg tlemmast n temdint i yesɛan rebεa n yiẓuran), yerna amkan-is i d-sbeggnen lsisan n isebdaden. Deg temnaḍt-nni ay d-yezzin fell-as, i d-teffeɣ yiwet n tceqquft (Tugna i d-yettwaxedmen seg yiẓuran imeẓyanen n uẓru yesɛan ini) tameqqrant (aḥric seg-s yella deg teklizt). Ixxamen iɣermanenn ucucef llan deg umkan anda yella Sbiṭar Aɣerman. Ufan-d dinna sin n iceqqufen i yecban i tceqquft tamezwarut-nni; d wid i d-yeskanen iqeṛṛay n Illu n lebḥeṛ, Oceanus, d rruḥat n tilawin n waman n yilel deg yidis-is. Yiwen deg Aẓawan n Lezzayer tamanaɣt, wayeḍ deg deg uxxam n tɣiwant n Bgayet .

Axxamen aɣerman n ucucef wis tlata yella-d ɣer tama n uɣerbaz. Mazal ttbanen-d (s tidet, mazal ttwasseqdacen) tinuṭfa d igelmimen deg waṭas n imukan deg deg yiḥricen n tlemmast n temdint. Ttwasseččayen-d s waman seg aqadus n Tuǧa , i d-yettawin aman seg tefsutin i d-yezgan 21 km ɣer umalu.... Ɣer umalu n tlemmast n temdint, yella yiwen n wemkan i d-yettwaḥesben d amkan anda yella ahat asmel n yiwen n ssirk, d yiwen n usedbir. Ulac ayen i d-yeqqimen seg zik i d- ara d-yefruyen tamsalt-a. Yiwet n tsekla kan (CIL, VIII, 8938) tettmeslay-d ɣef "ludi circenses" (Uraren n ssirk Aṛumi). Aṭas n tisreɣta (d asefru n tẓuri i d-yettwaxedmen s uẓeṭṭa neɣ s usnulfu n weẓru, n wesɣar, n yiɣil, neɣ n tɣawsiwin nniḍen) n Ṛuman i d-ufan deg temnaḍt n temdint-a, kra i yettwagezmen deg uẓru, kra i d-ufan di lqaεa, wiyaḍ d iẓekwan. Yella yiwen n aẓekka seg dinna deg Louvre. Drus n tisreɣta i d-yekkan seg Saldae s timmad-is, s umata kra n tigejdatin (Iḥricen n ufella n tigejdatin kan) imeqranen d iẓuran (d iblaḍen n weẓru i d-yettwabnan deg umaḍal i sɛan ama aḍris, ama aẓawan, neɣ snat-nni.) i d-yettunefken i Saturnus (Illu n Ṛruman n wakud, n tsuta, n usfeḍ, n lxir, n wayla, n tfellaḥt, n usnefli n tallit d uslelli). [ 3 ]

Tamdint n Saldae terna ttimɣur s waṭas n lebniyen imaynuten, dɣa agellid Vespasianus yerra-d deg-s aṭas nimeɣnasen iṛumyen, s wakka i d-yernay-d imezdaɣ-is d wazal-is deg temnaḍt n Mauretania Caesariensis, yerna asmi i tebḍa taneggarut-a, teqqim Saldae s wazal-is deg temnaḍt tamaynut n Mauretania Sitifensis [ 3 ] .

Saldae tella ddaw ius (lqanun) n Ṛuman, yerna imezdaɣ-is llan sɛan izerfan iɣermanen s lekmal-nsen. Saldae tella d amkan n Mauretania Caesariensis i d-yellan s lekmal-nnes d taṛumanit, yerna deg tagara n lqern wis kraḍ, tella daɣen s lekmal-nnes tamasiḥit .

Deg lqern wis 3 sdeffir talalit n Lmasiḥ, Gaius Cornelius Peregrinus, d decurion (aselway n taddart) n Saldae, d tribunus (aselway n lɛesker, d amḍebber deg uḥric n tdukli) deg Alauna Carvetiorum, deg ugafa n Briṭanya. Asfel i d-yefka, yettwaf qbel n 1587 deg ugafa-ataram n tɣiwant, anda ahat yella yettwaseqdac-d deg yiwen n lebni n tallit tameggarut n Ṛuma.

Tallit n Yivandalen, n Ibiẓanṭiyen d tallit tamaynut

Deg lqern wis 5, Saldae tuɣal d tamaneɣt n Tgelda n Vandal n Yivandalen (Ijermaniyen) i yeṭṭfen azal n lqern alamma d 533 imi seɣlin-tt Ibiẓanṭiyen, i d-yesbedden taɣiwant n Tefriqt, sakkin, Tamnaḍt tabizantit n Qerṭaj.

Deffir ma ttwaḍḍfen Yiɛṛaben deg lqern wis 7, Saldae teɣli-d, tneqs deg wazal-nnes yerna s tɣawla, teεreq-d, ur d-tban ara di taggara n alef iseggasen imezwura deffir Lmasih.

Deg lqern wis 11, tettwasbedd s yisem n Bgayet (v.) sɣur tawsit tamaziɣt n Iḥemmadiyen, i tt-yerran d tamaneɣt-nsen, dɣa tuɣal d taṛwiḥt-is; tuɣal d tamdint tameṛkantit s yiwen asagen i yesɛan azal d wammas n yedles ameqran deg Yilel Agrakal .

Amezruy-is deg tmasiḥit

S ussemɣer n tmasiḥit, Saldae tuɣal d tɣiwant tmasiḥit. Amdebbeṛ-is Paschasius yella d d yiwen seg wid i d-yessawel ugellid Arian Vandal Huneric ɣer Useqqamu n Qerṭaj (484) dɣa yenfa-ten.

Tamasiḥit teqqim tedder seg ussehres n Waɛraben, seg wasmi ay tenger temdint taqburt n Saldae, yerna tettwasbedd temdint tamaynut n Bgayet. Tella-d yiwet n tebrat n Papa Grigori VII (1073–1085), ay d-yura i clero et populo Buzee (aselmad d wegdud n Bgayet), deg-s i yura ɣef ussekcem n yiwen n umdebbeṛ umi semman Servandus i Tefriqt n Ugafa tamasiḥit. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]

Saldae ur teqqim ara d tasdawit, assa tettwaḥsab sɣur Teklizt Takatulikit am temnaḍt tamasiḥit ur nxeddem ara. [ 7 ]

Iɣbula