Larba n at yiraten

Larebɛa n Ayt Yiraten (Larbaa Nath Irathen) d yiwet n teɣṛemt tameqqṛant deg ugezdu n Tizi Wezzu ( Lezzayer ), tuzga-d deg yiwet n tama d tamedrart n Tmurt n Leqbayel , u zedɣen-tt azal n 30.000 yimezdaɣen. Larebɛa n At Yiraten tella d ugadez umeqqran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel n zik, u d nettat ay d tiɣṛemt tameqqrant akk deg wakal n teqbilt n At Yiraten .

Zik tella kan d amkan n ugadez, ulac deg-s yexxamen anagar taddart tamecṭuḥt, isem-is d Icerɛiwen, anda ilul-ed Si Muḥend u Mḥend . Asmi kecmen Irumyen Tamurt n Leqbayel deg useggas 1857, rnan taddart-agi, skan deg wadeg-is lburǧ umi semman "Fort Napoléon".

Tarakalt

Taɣiwant n Larebɛa n At Yiraten tella deg Alemmas-Agmuḍ n Twilayt n Tizi Wezzu.

Tudrin n tɣiwant

Taɣiwant n Larebɛa n At Yiraten tessuddes s 25 tudrin n tixxutert tameskilt [ 1 ] :

Ussan n ddurt

Semman-as "Larebɛa" acku agadez ines deg wass n akṛas (larebɛa) ay d-yettili. Llant aṭas n tmiwa, ama deg Tmurt n Leqbayel neɣ deg Lezzayer s umata, sɛant ismawen n wussan, u aya yessebgan-d ass ay deg d-yettili ssuq deg tama-nni.

Ɣef umedya :

At Yiraten

At Yiraten d isem n teqbilt (confédération) izedɣen tama-yagi. Taqbilt-agi llan deg-s aṭas n leɛrac, gar-asen At Umalu , At Usammar akk d At Ɛkerma .

At Yiraten d isem n teqbilt izedɣen tama-yagi. Taqbilt-agi llan deg-s aṭas n leɛrac, gar-asen Ayt Umalu, Ayt Usammar akk d Ayt Ɛkerma.

Isem n At Yiraten anamek-is "arraw n Iraten". Iraten ad yili d isem n ujaddiw n teqbilt-agi u d isem amaziɣ aqdim. ɣef leḥsab n Salem Caker , ismawen imaziɣen kkan-d ɣef tallyin (zzmanat) yemgerraden, yal tallit d wamek ay llan Yimaziɣen la bennun ismawen-nsen deg-s. Deg Wegles (Antiquité), amur ameqran deg yismawen imaziɣen llan ttwabnayen s wesdukkel n sin wawalen. ɣef umedya, " Masensen " (Massinissa) yettwabna s "mass" (aqerru, imḍebber) + nsen, deg lweqt ay deg " Yugurten " yettwabna s "yugur" (yugar) + ten (iten), anamek-is "yugar-iten". Dɣa ula d isem n Iraten ad yili yettwabna s sin wawalen. ɣef leḥsab n Chaker ( Manuel de Linguistique Berbère , tome I, Bouchene 1990), isem "Iraten" ad yili yekka-d seg "ira" (iḥemmel) + ten (iten), meḥsub "iḥemmel-iten", u yenna-d dakk-n anamek n yisem-a netta dakk-n win umi t-fkan "iḥemmel n Yakucen" (dieux) n Imaziɣen iqdimen, ɣas ma yella ay-a yella deg-s ccek.

Yessefk ad d-nger tamawt dakk-n llan waṭas n yismawen imaziɣen iqdimen ay yettwabnan s wudem-a : amyag + amqim awṣ̣il asemmad usrid (pronom affixe complément d'objet direct). "Yugurten" d yiwen deg-sen, maca diɣ nezmer ad d-nernu wiyaḍ : "Yeften" ad yili yekka-d seg "Yif" + "ten", anamek-is "yif-iten" (meḥsub "yif iɛɛdawen-is akk d yiḥessaden"). Ma d "Yernaten", d isem amaziɣ niḍen, yekka-d seg "yerna" + "ten" (anamek-is : yerna-ten, meḥsub "yerna iɛdawen-is akk d yiḥessaden"). D acu kan, deg way-n yerzan "Iraten", ur cikkeɣ ara dakk-n anamek n yisem-a yeɛna "illwen" (dieux) wanag ad yili yeɛna tawacult d waytmaten n win umi fkan isem-a. ɣef way-a, ttxemmimeɣ dakk-n Imaziɣen iqdimen, mi ara as-semmin i mmi-tsen "Iraten", qesden-d "ira" neɣ "iḥemmel" aytmaten-is, wigad-is, tawacult-is (yemma-s d baba-s), maci d illwen ay iḥemmel, ɣas ma yella tagi tettɣimi-d d tamuɣli-yinu tudmawant.

Yagi, i wakk-n ad d-nemmeslay s ttbut ɣef way-a akk, yessefk ad nissin u ad nefhem, neɣ meqqar ad nesɛu takti (lfekra) ɣef wamek ay llan la ttxemmimen Yimaziɣen iqdimen d wamek ay llan la ttwalin ddunit.

Nezmer kan ad d-nini dakk-n, ɣef leḥsab n yismawen-nsen iqdimen, Imaziɣen n zik llan la ttidiren tudert iweɛren, deg yiwet n twennaḍt ay deg qwan yimihiten (dangers), ama d wid n twennaḍt neɣ d wid ay d-ttxayalen medden (iḥeckulen, lerwaḥ, atg.). Nnig way-a, zik, ɣas medden ddren deg tmurt-nsen, deg wakal-nsen, ttgen tafellaḥt u kessen lmal, maca, akk-n yebɣu yili, llan rwan lḥif. Imenɣi n Umaziɣ aqdim yella-d mgal n ugama ay deg yella yettidir am wakk-n ay d-yella diɣ mgal yeɛdawen-is, ama d wid n tmurt-is (imenɣi ger tewsiyin-tribus), neɣ ger-as d yiberraniyen (Ifiniqiyen, rruman, Iwendaliyen, atg.). ɣef way-a, yella yewɛer ɣef tyemmat tamaziɣt ad tessider igerdan-is neɣ ad ten-id-tessker. Ar ass-a, mazal deg kra n tmiwa n Tmazɣa imukan anda ara ttmettaten waṭas llufanat. Zik, dderya tesɛa azal meqqren aṭas, win ur tt-nseɛɛu ara yettagad ad yemmet d amengur, yernu ma yella tameṭṭut ur tesɛi ara dderya tezmer ad tebru neɣ ad d-ternu fell-as takna. Akk-n ay s-yeqqar wanzi : "Win ur ten-nesɛi yugad nnger, win ay ten-yesɛan yerwa aḥebber". Asmi ara d-yesɛu walbaɛḍ mmi-s, ad yemdez (ad yefreḥ) yis-s yernu ad gen yimawlan-is akk ay-n umi zemren i wakk-n ad t-ḥudden ɣef ccer ay izemren ad t-iḥaz, yernu tikkwal, ttaken-as isem ay yes ara ssirmen ad yerbeḥ, d isem ara yilin d asfillet i lxir.

Zik, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, llant aṭas n tilawin umi ttmettaten llufanat, dɣa mi ara d-tesɛu aqcic, ad as-tsemmi "Yidir" i wakk-n ur yettmettat ara. "Yidir" anamek-is "ad yidir", dɣa yettili-d yisem-agi d assirem i wakk-n llufan-nni ad yidir u ad tiɣzif tudert-is. Akk-a daɣen, mi ara d-ilal weqcic ɣer Yimaziɣen n zik, llan ttaken-as isem ay yes ara sfillten i wakk-n ad yidir, am wakk-n diɣ, tikkwal, ttaken-as isem ay yes ara yemneɛ i yimihiten n tudert n yimir-n. Imaziɣen n zik ttagaden ama seg tiṭ d yiḥeckulen (ay d-ittekken seg yiḥessaden), ama seg yeɛdawen. ɣef way-a ara naf llan ttaken i yigerdan-sen ismawen am "Yugurten" (yugar-iten, meḥsub "iɛdawen-is") neɣ Yeften d Yernaten.

Yessefk kan ad d-nger tamawt dakk-n Imaziɣen n zik llan ttaken ismawen ara "yesrewlen" diɣ tamattant (lmut) ɣef mmi-tsen. ɣef umedya, tameṭṭut umi ttmettaten yigerdan, zik, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, tettsemmi-yas i mmi-s "Akli" i wakk-n "ad t-tɣanfu" tmattant, ur t-tettawi ara imi ay as-fkan isem-agi. Yessefk ad nẓer dakk-n aklan, zik-nni, llan ssexdamen-ten deg kra n tmiwa timaziɣin u llan ḥeqren-ten medden, ttɣanfun-ten yernu ur ten-ttnasaben, dɣa llan la ttwalin dakk-n lemmer ad as-fken i mmi-tsen isem n "Akli", tamattant ad asen-t-teǧǧ.