Ben Muḥemed

Ben Muḥemmed (ism unṣib Benhamadouche Mohamed, mu ssawalen “Ben”) d amedyaz aqbayli d-ilulen ass n 10 di meɣres 1944 deg At Wasif, Tizi Wezzu.

Yekker-d Ben Muḥemed ger taddart akk d Lezzayer tamaneɣt anda yettmuddu afus i baba-s yellan yesɛa tahanutt di place de Chartres. Maca deg useggas 1958, terra-t tmara ad yeggaǧ akk d ttwacult-is u ad idiren di Lezzayer. Di tmaneɣt, yelmed asefrek anazraf1 d wayen d-icudden ɣer twuri taḍeblant2 am akken yeqdec deg aṭas imukan am Tnebḍadt3 n Lezzayer ger iseggasen 1963-1975 akk d Uɣlif n ttrebga taɣelnawt4 si 1976 almi d ass m’ iruḥ ɣer Fransa di 1991.

Aseggas 1958, d win iḥuzan tameddurt n Ben Muḥemed acku iḥulfa akken ilaq i wass deg yeǧǧa i lebda taddart deg d-ilul d wanda d-yekker. Tameddurt n temẓi-s di taddart d ttin mu yecfa, acku ulac ayen t-iḥuzan d wayen yesɛan azal ɣur-s annect n tjaddit, lḥerma d tegmatt yelmed di taddart, akk d ttmusni n yemɣaren sut wawal azedgan d umeslay iqeɛɛden. Werǧin yettu ass deg iwala i tikelt tamezwarut Sliman Azem d-yusan ad yecnu deg yiwet n lqahwa deg At Wasif. Ass nni, yuɣas-d baba-s yiwen wammud amecṭuḥ deg-s isefra n Sliman Azem. Ahat imirni i s-tekcem tmedyazt ɣer wul, imi 8 iseggasen kan ɣur-s mi ysel yakan i tuɣac u yeṭṭafar imeslayen nsent di lkaɣeḍ! Deg useggas 1956, isel i yiwet n tmeṭṭut d-irewlen ɣer taddart nsen, teččewwiq s taɣect i gezzmen tasa, twaɣit d lmeḥna d-yeɣḍel ttraḍ ɣef tmurt. Yenna-d fell-as “isefra d icewwiqen-is d ttaswast5 n wayen iḍerrun ussan nni!”. Anda i tedda iḍfer-itt. Timliliyin agi d-yeḍran di temẓi-s neǧrent abrid i ṣeggmen i wmedyaz nessen ass-a. Tahanutt n baba-s d ttin d-yezgan ger tsedlist6 akk d yiwen yeznuzun iḍebsiyen d ttesfifin n ccna . Yeffud taɣuri yeswa-d ɣer umezwaru, wis sin yesselmed-as tiwsatin uẓawan7 d-yufraren di tallit nni.

Ccna imu yettḥessis ɣer bu iḍebsiyen yeldi-as allen ɣer yiwet n taluft : yuki d akken imeslayen n tezlatin d ifessasen, yakan ur ifehhem ara akken ilaq, maca yezra ur d-tmeslayen ara ɣef ayen iḍerrun di tmurt deg tallit nni. Yettaru i yiman-is kan i lmend n wesɛeddi n wakud imeslayen s teqbaylit yettarraten i tuɣac i t-iɛjeben. D widak i d isefra imezwura n Ben Muḥemed. Icennu ɣef tegmatt u yekkat di tmettan yettawin ḥala wid lɛali. Di 1961, yebɣa Ccix Nurdin a-t-ikles di rradyu, maca ass mi d-yeḥḍer ukeččum ɣer ustudiu teksas-tt tebɣest acku werǧin yenna i yimawlan-is iḥemmel ccna. Yeffer fell-asen acku akken d-yenna netta “ccna di tallit nni d “lɛib” ” Di 1966, yettiki s timmad n ucennay analmad di tedwilt n Crif Xeddam “Icennayen uzekka”, maca ass mi yesla i taɣect-is di rradiu i yeẓra ur d-ilul ara ad yecnu.

Leqdic deg umaṭṭaf wis II n rradyu n Lezzayer

Tawuri n Ben Muḥemed deg umaṭṭaf wis II tebda deg useggas 1967 anda yettikki di tedwilt n Said Hilmi Timlilit imedyazen. Sin iseggasen kan d afella yeṭṭef tadwilt tamenzut iman-is, u yebda leqdic i ssnen wid yeṭṭafaren amaṭṭaf wiss II di tallit nni : seg tedwilt ɣer tayeḍ, leqdic n Ben Muḥemed ijeddel tikli i tedwilin tidelsanin tiseklanin8 n rradyu tis II mu d-yewwi udem amaynut. Di tedwilt ines taneggarut “Tamurt n imedyazen” (1982/83) i ɣer d-rezzfen aṭas n imeddukal-is (tigti d imedyazen izzayriyen yettwassnen), yeɣɣar-d tisuqliwin iga netta i waṭas n yedrisen igreɣlanen9, abeɛda wid n Neruda, Aragon, Prévert, atg.

Deg 15 iseggasen n leqdic, yufrar-d Ben Muḥemed ger imsedda10 n rradyu imeqranen di Lezzayer. Daɣen ad yeqqim d win ur d-yecbin ara infarasen11 nniḍen n umaṭṭaf wis II, ama deg tutlayt yesseqdac d-yufraren ɣef tin n imsedda nniḍen deg teqwa taẓayt akk d ttaɛrabt, ama deg isenṭal12 ɣef d-yettawi di tedwilin-is. Maca, tetbeɛ-it tedrest13 almi d ass m’ ilaq ad ijeddel izwal n tedwilin : myal ass m’ ara tebdu tedwilt ur “tɛeǧǧeb” ara iy imḍebbren, a-t-ḥettmen ad yeddem tadwilt nniḍen s wezwel amaynut, ayagi myal 6 wagguren. Maca, imi tidwilin-is sɛant azal meqqren, jebbdent-d aṭas n yemsefliden yeqqlen ṭṭafaren Ben Muḥemed di myal tadwilt, d azwel yebɣun tesɛa-t. Leqdic n Ben Muḥemed s umata deg umaṭṭaf wis sin yebna ɣef unadi n tajaddit, n iẓuran nneɣ imaziɣen akk d unadi n tnekkit14. Ayagi iḥulfa-t daɣen ɣer imsefliden-is. Ihi iwala ilaq a-sen-imud ula d nutni ayen d-ileqqeḍ seg temsirin n tmaziɣt yesselmad Dda Lmulud At Mɛemmer di tesdawit n Lezzayer akk d wayen d-yesquccud netta sya u sya. Isenṭal n umennuɣ n tnekkit banen-d di leqdic s umata n Ben Muḥemed tazwara n iseggasen n 70, imi aṭric ameqran n wayen s-ineǧren abrid ɣer wayagi d ameqqun n tebratin tiɣezfanin s-d-ttarun yemsefliden ḥuzant tedwilin-is, akk d tmusni yessen wid yekkaten ɣef tmaziɣt di tallit nni ama di tesdatwit n Lezzayer neɣ ɣer Wegraw Imaziɣen, (Académie berbère) di Lpari.

Ben Muḥemed d win iɛellen aṭas n tmeɣriwin tinazranin15 akk d icennayen Crif Xeddam, Yidir, Ait Manguellet, Imaziɣen Imula atg, anda d-yeɣɣar tamedyazt-is, akk d ttemliliyin akk d imedyazen nniḍen i tɣuri n isefra, ama di Lezzayer neɣ di Fransa. Yessufeɣ-d daɣen 6 tceqqufin i umaṭṭaf wis II n rradyu n Lezzayer. Yettikki di tririt ɣer teqbaylit (akk d Uṛeẓqi Si Muḥemed, Ɛmeṛ Mezdad d Saɛid Sadi) n tceqqufin umezgun n Kateb Yasin Ddem tabalizt-ik a Muḥ akk d Kahina. Am akken d-yerra ɣer teqbaylit iḍrisen n yiwen usaru ameẓyan iga Azzedine Meddour di 1991 akk d ttsuqelt n idiwenniyen16 i usaru iga Mustapha Mengouchi ɣef Ait Menguellat di 1990. Yelqeḍ-d u iṣeggem isefra iqburen tecna Xadiǧa i usaru n Mohamed Ifticen Les rameaux de feu, u yura tuɣac n usaru n Fawzi Sahraoui deg yerra tajmilt i Isiaxem.

Neẓra d akken amaṭṭaf wis II ɣur-s azal ameqran deg usakwi n yeqbayliyen, aḥric meqqren deg ayagi yurar-it Ben Muḥemed. Seg ass mi yebda leqdic di rradyu, Ben Muḥemed yettmeslay i yemma-s acku, akken i d-yenna, ur tetmeslay ula d yiwet n tutlayt nniḍen nnig taqbaylit. D ayen yeǧǧan tameslayt d-yufraren di tedwilin-is d ttin teččur lemqadra akk d ttiẓet n wawal, daɣen d tutlayt tazedgant deg ulac imeslayen itraren imi yesmenyif ad yezzi i wawal akken nniḍen wala aseqdec n imeslayen imaynuten.

Tamedyazt n Ben Muḥemed d ttin i t-igan d yiwen ger yitran n tsekla taqbaylit tartart17. Isefra-s seg tazwara n iseggasen n 70 d wid d-yetmeslayen ɣef umennuɣ n tnekkit, maca daɣen azal n tmedyazt-is yella di lehhu d ttiẓeṭ n imeslayen-is yekkaten ɣer wul. Aṭas n ilmeẓyen di tallit nni i tḥuza tiɣri n tmurt d tyemmatt deg yiwen usefru yellan d ttigejdit deg tsekla n umennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt : Yemma yura di furar 1973. Deg usefru ya, (i d-nerra dagi) iḥulfa weqcic s wayen yeḍan d tyemmatt, tamurt d ttutlayt ɣef tikelt deg ayen igi d-gwrant, yiwen uɛekkaz i tent-yewwten, kraḍ (3) yidsent i yexnunsent, yettwakkes fellasent sser. Yezmer wemdan d tidett ad yessusem zdat n wayen iḍerrun d tyemmatt? Ala; ihi yeggul weqcic dayen ur yessussum, d wawal ineqqen ass-a t-id yini!

Deg useggas 1972, yebda Ben Muḥemed leqdic akk d ucennay Yidir (Hamid Cheriet) mu yura asefru yerra-t i yiwet n tmuzigt iga yakan Yidir. Akka dɣa i d-tlul di 1973 tezlitt A baba-inu ba yettwasnen ass-a ɣer aṭas iɣerfan18 di ddunnit imi tettwasuqel ɣer nnig n 7 tutlayin gar-asent ula d ttacinwatt. A baba-inu ba d tizlitt iɛeddan tilas n lehhu di myal tallit imi ɣur-s azal anaẓran aseklan19 meqqren, u daɣen d ttaɣect yefkan amedya i tlalit n ccna atrar s teqbaylit. D Ben Mohamled i yuran akk imeslayen n uḍebsi amezwaru n Yidir, kra n isefra yella yuraten yakan seg zik, wiyaḍ akka am Zwi-tt rwi-tt, Cfiɣ amzun d iḍelli, D izumal, d Yidir i s-ten-id yessutren. Isenṭal yesseqdec deg tuɣac-a, ɣas ma iga amur ula i tɣawsiwin n tmeddurt n myal ass am lferh d wurar, tigti kkaten ɣef yedles, tinekkit, akk d tteqbaylit.

Yiwwet ger tgejda nniḍen n ccna n teqbaylit mu yura Ben Muḥemed imeslayen d Nouara, abeɛda i wḍebsi ines Tameṭṭut n tmurt n Leqbayel d wurfan-is, 1980. Tizlatin akka am ǧerǧer neɣ Ssiɣ lmeṣbaḥ yernan di lehhu s taɣect n Nouara yeččerrigen ulawen, d ttiɣri i tufɣɣa n tmeṭṭut si ṭṭlam i waken attwali tafat.

Amar Sersour chante Ben Muḥemed : cfu ay ixf-iw d ttasfift d-yeffɣen di 1982 anda icennu Mass Sersour isefra n Ben Muḥemed u yeɣɣar-d idrisen-is. Asenṭel d-yufraren di tesfift agi d win n umennuɣ amazray20 n Tmurt n iqbayliyen ɣef izerfan-is.

Di 1983, yessufeɣ-d Ben Muḥemed deg yiwwet n tesfift (akk d Amar Sersour d Achour Fernane) idrisen yura s talɣa n tmedyazt yesɛan azal aseklan meqqren. Deg-sen i d-yedda usefru n Yemma yellan dɣa d azwel n tesfift. Ben Muḥemed yeɣɣar-d s timmad-is kra seg yedrisen-is. (Aneɛreḍ a d-ner kra n tukkisin i tmesliwt seg tesfift agi deg ussan i d-iteddun).

Ddan-d kra n yedrisen n Ben Muḥemed deg yiwen seg uṭṭunen n tesɣunt Itinéraires et contact des cultures d-yetmeslayen s umata ɣef tsekla taɣerfant di Tefriqt Ugafa; am akken d-yesseda Y. Nacib isefra-s akk d ttssuqelt nsen ɣer tefransist deg wedlis ines Anthologie de la poésie kabyle.

Tawuri taseklant n Ben Muḥemed yessuget-itt s leqdic ɣef izerfan deg annar umennuɣ, imi yettikki d wazal n snan (20) inaẓuren d waggagen21 (garasen Lmulud At Mɛemmer, Tahar Djaout, Kateb Yasin, Mhamed Isiaxem, Sliman Benaïssa…) deg usebded n yiwet n tiddukla tadelsant tamaziɣt di 1981, maca adabu n yimiren yegguma a-s-yefk udem unṣib.

Yettikki daɣen deg usebded n tiddukla tadelsant tussnant22 Tala, d-ilulen di Lezzayer di 1990; am akken yesselwi23 di Lpari tiddukla Tawrirt yettwattun (La colline oubliée) d-isslal i lmend n tikci ufus i wsufeɣ n usaru n A. Bouguermouh.

Tamedyazt d nettat i d-inudan ɣef Ben Muḥemed. Ilul-d ad issefru. Yakan d ilemẓi, yella yettargu ad yeqqel yiwen wass d acennay. Ssakin tawuri-yis di rradyu tḥettmit ad yemmeslay s teɣzi n wawal yiwet n tutlayt i ynuda amek ara teɛjeb yemma-s. Yella wayen yifen dɣa ameslay akk d imawlan s tutlayt tayemmatt ? Tagnitt deg i d-gra teqbaylit akk d yidles amaziɣ di Lezzayer n wass-a tḥettem arraw-is ad wwten amek ara ṭṭfen di tnekkit nsen. Amennuɣ n Ben Muḥemed yettkemmil.

1 Asefrek anazraf = gestion financière 2 Tawuri taḍeblant = fonction administrative 3 Tanebḍaḍt = préfecture 4 Aɣlif n ttrebga taɣelnawt = Ministère de l’éducation nationale 5 Taswast = calendrier, journal 6 Tasedlist = librairie 7 Tiwsatin uẓawan = genres musicaux 8 Tidwilin tidelsanin tiseklanin = émissions culturelles et littéraires 9 Iḍrisen igreɣlanen = textes universels 10 Amseddu = animateur 11 Anfaras = producteur 12 Asenṭel = thème 13 Tadrest = la censure 14 Tinekkit = identité 15 Timeɣriwin tinaẓranin = galas artistiques 16 Idiwenniyen = dialogues 17 Tasekla taqbaylit tatrart = néo-littérature kabyle 18 Aɣref = peuple 19 Azal anaẓran aseklan = valeur artistique et littéraire 20 Amennuɣ amazray = combat historique 21 Aggag = intellectuel 22 Ussnan = scientifique 23 Sselwi = présider 24 Tameddurmant = biographie 25 Asuneḍ = tome

Yella-d wesqucced i lmend n tira n umagrad agi seg tmeddurmant24 n Ben Muḥemed yura s tefrensist Ms. Slimane Hachi di DBK, Asuneḍ25 1, Tiẓrigin Ina-Yas/Edisud, 2001. Isefra ttwaksen-d seg udlis n Youcef Nacib: Anthologie de la poésie kabyle, Lezzayer, Tiẓrigin Andalouses, Lezzayer, 1993

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