Itri

Itri ( Asget : itran ) d tafekka tagnnawt n plasma , Meqqer, yetfejjij , yettwaṭṭef s tmentilt n teldayt , dɣa asfijjej-is ittekkes-it-id seg tfasa taɣisant i d-ittlalen deg-s, Anda ibelkimen n uhidṛujin ttenṭaṭen gugar-asen ayen i d-igellun s iferdisen iẓẓayen ugar n uhidṛujin am uhilium d ulitium d kra n iferdisen yefsusen am wuzzal , Tasedmirt-a tasengamt tettusemma s wezday aɣisan . Itri yudsen (iqerben) yakk ɣer tegnit d tafukt , Acku d nettat i d aɣbalu n tfasa d tafat akken daɣen id tettaweṭ tfasa-ines ɣer yimtiwgen n iṭen i d-tgin udud anafuk , Kra n yetran d wid id ittbinen deg yiṭ mi ara ad iba (ad iɣab) ayen iten-itteffren am usigna neɣ tafat . Deg umezruy, itran ssalɣen-d tigrawin yettwasemman tizedmin yakk d isurya deg igenni. Amdan amzik (aqbur) yefka ismawen i yitran ilan (yesɛan) affaw ussis akken i yefka ismawen i tzedmin d isurya, dɣa aɣref n imuhaɣ d yiwen seg iɣerfan yeggunin ɣef yitran i wakken ad as-nemlem iberdan deg wuṭan imsullsen n tneẓruft akken illan iɣerfan niden yeggunin ɣef yitran i wakken ad akzen (ad ɛeqlen) iberdan n yillan d igarawen , ɣef wanecta llan waṭas n yitran yettfejjijen lan (sɛan) ismawen s Tmaziɣt . Imusnawen n tesnallunt sgerwen-d agbur ummid igebren ismawen n yitran ixataren amedya deg tajrit n Musier d tajurt n imazellawen d iguza imazallawen . S usnulfu n umsaddas , imesnullanen uɣalen zemren ad seked w ad snirmen itran ur nli ara (ur nesɛi ar) affaw uddis neɣ itran ur nettwaẓray ara s wallen [ 1 ] .

Itri d tafekka i d-ittaken tafat s usrag n wezday aɣisan aẓeɣlaw n uhidṛujin i wfaris n uhilium deg wul n yitri ɣas ma deg kra n wamur meẓẓiyen kan seg tudert-is, s wanecta ad yebru i tfasa i keččmen ɣer wul n yitri w ad teffeɣ d izenzaren ɣer tallunt tuffiɣt . Srid mi ara ad ifakk uhidṛujin seg yitri, iferdisen yakk i d-isnulfan seg wezday aɣisan n uhidṛujin ttilin ẓẓay-it ugar n uhilium i d-yettwafarasen daɣen ama sɣur tamugri taɣisant tatrawt neɣ s tamugri taɣisant deg usupernuva mi ara ad ṭṭerṭqen itran icafcalen s waṭas. Mi ara ad yaweṭ yitrr ɣer taggara n waddar-is (leɛmeṛ-is), yezmer ad yegber kra n ufimidi n tnegwa timafsayin akken i zemren imesnallunen ad akzen takura-ines d waddar-is d tsuddest-is takrurant d waṭas n teskanin niden s wannay n unwiwel-is d umussu-ines deg tallunt d waffaw-is yakk d waylalẓer-is , dɣa d takura tuɣridt n yitri i d amakaz agejdan n temhazt-is d twenza-ines deg taggara, ma d tiskanin niden am ukdu-ines, tuzzya-ines, amussu-ines d teẓɣelt-ines ttwakzen-d s umezruy-is, anda taẓɣelt n waṭas n yitran d tin i d-ittilin d a emgal n usfijjej-is, asesmel-a d win yettusemman s umeskan n Hertzsprung–Russell yettakez-d addar d waddad anamhaz n yitri [ 2 ] .

Talallit n yitri tbeddu-d am usigna i d-itteɣlayen seg tnegwa tisagnawin igebren send n kra yellan seg uhidṛujin d uhilium d kra n yiferdisen iẓayanen niden. Mi ara ad yettwaẓenẓa wul atraw imir-nni kan ad yuɣal uferdis n uhidṛujin ɣer uhilium kra kra s temhalt n wezday aɣisan yerna ad iberru i tfasa . [ 3 ] , Ayen i d-igran seg wul n yitri ittaddam tafasa ɣer wuggug (lebɛid) n wul n yitri sɣur n urway n temhalin tizanzarin . Adad agensaw atraw ur t-ittaǧǧa ara ad yernu ad yeɣli ugar s ddaw n teldayt-is ,mi ara ad tfakk yakk tfasa n uhidṛujin deg wul n yitri ad yennulfu yitri s tkura yugaren 0.4 n tikkal n tkura n tfukt [ 4 ] sin akin ad yettihriw alamma yuɣal d acafcal azeggaɣ , ma deg kra n tikwal yettili-d usefsi n iferdisen iẓayanen deg wul d tissi tamaggaẓt i d-izzin i wul-is w ad yemhez seg yitri ɣer talɣa yefsin. [ 5 ]

Deg wakeden-a, ul-nni yettuɣal d ayen i d-igran seg yitri ama d agezlan amellal neɣ d itri aneutronan neɣ ma meqqren s waṭas yezmer ad yuɣal d amruj aberkan

itran imisinen d yigtatrawen ttmagen-d seg sin neɣ ugar n yitran yeqqnen gugar-asen s teldayt, anda ttnwiwlen wa ɣef wayeṭ deg tmezziyin irekden. mi ara sin deg yitran-a ur tlun ara (ur seɛɛun ara) timezzit yudsen, yettili-d usemdu meqqren n tsedmirt n teldayt ɣef temhazt-is i tlallit n tmuski s teldayt meqqren am yiguza itrawen d imazellawen [ 6 ] .

Asesmel

Anagraw amiran n usesmel atraw yennalfa-d seg tazwara n tsut tis 20 ass mi llan yitran ttwasisemlen s isekkilen iṛumaniyen seg A alamma d Q , Asesmel-a d win yeggunin ɣef wezlem n uhidṛujin acku deg wakud-nni imusnawen llan ur ẓrin ara d akken ayen yessemdawen ɣef tdusi n wezlem d taẓɣelt . Tadusi n wezlem n uhidṛujin tettawaṭ ɣer yixef-is deg ugar n 9000° C, ma d adday-is iga d taẓɣelt-is isemmṭen yakk

Itran ttwabdaren-d deg isesmilen asufen s webray aseklan s unect n iylalen-is anda ibeddu s telmest O yettwassnen s teẓɣelt-is yeflalen s waṭas alamma yewweṭ ɣer telmest M yettwassnen s tesmeṭṭ-is anda icubranen-nni zemren ad mmagen deg tgnut-is. Asesmel agejdan yettas-d s unect n twadra n teẓɣelt O ,B ,A ,F ,G ,K ,M akken illant tegrawin tiylalanin drusen lant isesmilen niden, wid yettwassnen yakk d talmest L yakk d telmest T yettwasismlen d itran n ubleɣ meẓẓiyen yakk d igezlanen arasen isemmaṭen yakk. Yal asekkul ila (yesɛa) 10 n ifurken yettusuṭṭnen seg 0 alamma d 9 n yidrasen yettwasnin s twadra n teẓɣelt maca anagraw-a n usesmel yetteɣlay yakk d tẓeɣlin yeflalin s waṭas anda yezmer ur d-ittili ara O0 d O1 deg kra n yitri. [ 8 ] S tmerniwt ɣer wannecta, itran ttwasisemlen s unect n isemda n waffaw yellan deg izelman-is iylalanen i teddun yajk d ubleɣ amalun tettakez-it-id teldayt tajummant. Tagrawt-a tedlec seg 0 (acafcal ameqran anafella) w ad tezri seg III (acafcal amagnu) ɣer V (igezlanen deg yilkamen igejdanen), Kra n imusnawen rnan VII ( agezlan amellal ). Azal ameqran n yitran ṭṭafaren alkam agejdan igebren seg yitran n uhidṛujin yemmerɣen. Tafukt d itri n welkam agejdan n telmest n ugezlan amellal s teẓɣelt-is imnummsen d ubleɣ-is amagnu.