Reffu n ugitu n Warsu

Tagrawla ( reffu ) n Gitu Warsu d tagrawla i xedmen wudayen deg useggas n 1943 deg Gitu warsu ( lḥuma tudayt ) deg Bulunda yettwakecmen sɣur walmaniyen deg ṭṭrad amadlan wis sin akken ad ḥebsen iserdasen n Lalman seg uceyyeɛ-nsn seg ugitu ɣer temnaḍin n lmut Maydanik d Triblinka .

Bdan wayen id-gra seg udayen ardekal tidyanin n Grusaktyun d Warsun dg unebdu n useggas n 1942 , imi snagen azal n 250 n yigiman n udayen seg ugito ɣer Triblinka mmuten dinna , lebni n wadgen n tuffra d userwel n lesllaḥ d lbumbat yer ugotu , tennulfa-d ZOP ( tuddsa tudayt n umenɣi ) d tuddsa tayeffust n teddukli taɛeskrit tudayt ( ZZW) bdan aheyyi i yimenɣi . Yerbeḥ yiwen n uzbu meẓẓiyen deg tiwḍin ɣer yiswi-s d aheyyi n tdukkli-nniḍen di yennayer 1943 , igrawliwen ibulundiyen gelnen ad ddun d wudayen akken yebɣu yili .

Tebda tegrawla dg 19 yebrir mi ugin yimezdaɣ n ugitu ad fken awal i yimsulta d uɣella-nsen, i yserɣen agitu Kamem , tekfa deg 16 mayyu mi mmuten azal n 30,000 n wudayen , nnefṣ-nsen rɣan neɣ ttwaxenqen . Ma wid n lalman xesren ugar n 150 n yiserdasen , nnan-d nutni llan 110 ( 16 yemmuten -93 ttwajerhen )

Tagrawla-agi d aɣewwiɣ akk i ymeqqren i xedmen udayen dg yimenɣi amaḍlan wis sin . Llan ẓran belli ad teɣli tegrawla yenu ahat ma d awḍen s iswi-nsen . Yenna Mark Edilman argaz awḥid ur tḥuzi ara ZOP , belli wwin-d tazmert ɣer yimenɣi imi d nutni i d-iheyyan adeg d wakud n tmettant-nsen .

Timental n tegrawla

Deg 1939 , bdan yimsulta n Lalman ajmaɛ n wudayen n Bulunda yuwḍen azal n 3 n yimelyan deg yitiuwen ( lḥumat n udayen ) meẓẓiyen yernu ḥerṣen deg temdinin n Bulunda meqqren , wn akk meqqren d agitu n Warsu , azal n 300,000-400,000 n yimdanen ttidiren di temnaḍt iḥersɛen di Warsu tewweḍ 3,3 km2 . Aṭas n wudayen i yemmuten dinna si laẓ neɣ seg waṭṭan mi yella unembaḍ Udilu G+lubunisk D Ludbi Hann , armi bdan asufeɣ seg ugitu ɣer temnaḍin n Lmut deg Triblinka akken ad mmten dinna .

suffɣen yiserdasen n SS aṭas n wudayen seg Warsu , deg wakyud gar 23 yuly d 21 ctember 1942 . Uqbel ad bdun leqdic srid . Yessawel-d " umussnaw n uɛawed n usezdey" herman Hufla i temlilt d Ǧundart Magas uday n ugitu yenna i uselway-is belli yeḥwaǧ azal n 7000 n udayen yal ass akken ad asen-ɛiwen asezdeɣ deg utaram . Yenɣa Cirnyakub iman-is mi yeẓra s yiswi-nsen n tidet imi mmuten wazal n 300000-254000 deg Triblinka ( amur ameqqran muten mi akken kan id-wḍen ) . Mi xeddmen i sin wayyuren d aɣella deg SS Ferdinand Bun Samirn Franking i yeṭṭfen tamehla , imi netta d aqerru n yimsdulta n SS deg temnaḍt n Warsu seg 1941 .

Yestaxer-it seg leqdic aɣella Yurgen Sturb , i yceyyeɛ hanric Himler ɣer Warsu deg 17 yebrir 1943 , imi ur yelḥiq ara Franking ad yesseḥbes reffu d umenɣi deg ugitu .

Mi bdan leqdic , nnejmaɛen yinemhalen n unejmuɛ n tegrawla tudayt gemnen ad aɣeen awal i SS , imi ɣilen ad ttwaceyyɛen wudayen ɣer temnaḍin n lmut macci ɣer tid n lmut . Maci di tagggara n 1942 , faqen belli ɣer lmut ara ten-zzeɣɣiren , ihi xedmen aɣewwiɣ , tebda-d tegrawla s leslaḥ tudayt tamezzwarut deg yennayer 1943 .

Deg 19 yebrir 1943 , deg yimensi n lɛid uday , kecmen yinaziyen agitu , ẓran wudayen imuddiren belli d amur-nsen ihi nnuɣen armi d lmut , xedmen "yimeddukal " timlilit deg Birmuda deg 19-29-yebrir1943 i unadi deg ugur n udayen irewwlen . Ameslay yusa-d ɣef wid i yrewlen ɣer tmura-nsen d wid yeqqimen deg Turuft tanazit .

Tagrawla

Aɣewwiɣ n Yennayer

deg 18 yennayer 1943 , bdan yinaziyen asufeɣ wis sin n wudayen , id-yuwin reffu s leslaḥ amezzwaru deg Gitu . Rewlen twucal tudayin ffrent deg wadgen-nni i qqazen . Ma d wid ZZW kemmlen imenɣi rnan-d ɣur-sen wid n ZOP , imi nnuɣen, srid d yinaziyen . Xas akken ZZW d ZOP xesren aṭas n yiserdasen ( d kra n yiɣallen ) maca ulad almanen xesren kra n tɣawiwin , yeḥbes usufeɣ deg kra n wussan . Ur ssufɣen ara angfar 5000 n udayen . Macci 8000 akken llan bɣan yinaziyen .

Llan twinsat n yimdanen deg Gitu ttwaheyyan i umennuɣ . Seg yimeqqranen d yimeẓyanen . I yellan sɛan kra n tmeẓyanin , zǧaǧ d liṣans , d kr an leslaḥ-nniḍen id-srewlen . Ulac yiwen seg wudayen i ywalan belli leqdic agi ad isellek tudert-nsen , walan d tanegluft ɣef nnifd lḥerma n ugdud uday d reffu ɣef tsusmi-agi n umaḍal .

Aheyyi

Mehlent ZZW d ZOP , ɣef ugitu . Imi xedmen aṭas n wadgen n yimenɣi snegren yal win yettwaṭfen yedduklen d yinaziyen , gar-asen iɣallen deg yimsulta n ugitu udayen , d yiɛeggalen n Zaɣif ( d udayen yeddan d Lalman ) daɣen kra n yoiqeddacen ɣer Abfir ( allal n leqdic uffir n Lalman ) d ɣistabu ( imsulta uffir n lalman ) ( akka am uɛeyyal dfeg usqamu uday Alfred nuseǧ , i yettwanɣan deg 22 furar 1943 ) tebna Zop asekraf i uḥbas d tinɣin n yal win yeddan d lalman . Yenɣa uɣella n yimsulta udayen n Gitu , Yusef Ciriski .

Aɣewwiɣ ameqqran

Deg 19 yebrir 1943 , deg yimensi n lɛid uday , kecmen yimsulta d yiɣallen n Ss ɣer ugitu imi llan bɣan ad kemmlen asufeɣ di kraḍ n wussan , maca kellxen-ten yigrawliwen imi ten-wten s lbumbat n Mutlub d lbumbat n ufus seg tzeqqatin d tregwa d ṭṭwiqan . Mmuten 59 n yinaziyen , yeḥbes leqdic-nsen . serɣent lbumbat-nsen snat n tsunayin-nsen .

iruḥ-as i Fun samrin Franking adeg-is n yiɣallen n SS deg Warsu , imi ur yelḥiq ara ad yeḥbes aɣewwiɣ . yeqqim deg wadeg-is Yurgen Sturb , i yugin asuter n Bun Samirn Franking deg tiwin n temsrafegt d usterḍeq n lbumba yesserɣayen seg Krakuff . Yexdem tanṭagt ɣef ḍar s uheggi yifen win Franking .

Tugniwin