Aggur (itri)

Ayyur ( azamul-is : ) d ayyur agaman amyiwen n tegnit [ tamawt 1 ] akken iga daɣen d ayyur ameqqran wis 5 deg unagraw anafuk . Anda yettumeggez d ayyur agaman ameqqran yakk deg unagraw anafuk deg wayen yerzan ableɣ-is s wassaɣ ɣer wemtiweg i yeṭṭafar , anda akdu-ines yettawaṭ ar ukuẓ (¼) n wekdu n tegnit, ma d takura-ines tga 1 ɣef 81 (1/81) n tkura n tegnit, yerna yettumeggez d ayyur wis 2 deg tneẓẓi seld n wayyur n Io . Ayyur n tegnit yettwassen s tuzzya-ines tamtawant d umtiweg-is (tagnit) anda i d-isbanay yiwen n wudem deg yal tikkelt, dɣa udem yettwaskaden seg wayyur yifrir s tama n ibuṛkanen yudren, yemmullsen. Tama ayi tezga-d gar n isawnen n yiclem akalan amzik yettfejjijen yakk d tikucin timackaṭin yeflalen. Akken i tella tamawt d akken ayyur n tegnit iga d tafekka yettfejjijen yakk s waṭas deg igenni n tegnit seld n tfukt ɣas akken tajumma-ines d tamsullest s waṭas, anda ila (isɛa) uɣul am tiregt.

Ayyur d tafekka tagennawt tamyiwent ɣef wacu yedda wemdan s yiṭarren-is, anda ɣas akken ahil n Luna n tiddukla n Suvyit illa d amenzu i wakken ad ismures deg tuwwṭa ɣer wayyur s temseddut tamalunt ur neddim ara imsallunen deg useggas n 1959 , maca d ahil n Apollo n Nasa iy ssawṭen ad yessedru inig s tuɣdadin tilsanin yebdan s tuɣdadt talsant tamezwarut tamezzayt ɣef wayyur (tuɣdadt n Apollo 8 deg useggas n 1968 ), sin akin ṭefrent 6 n yinigen ilsanen ɣer wayyur gar n iseggasen n 1969 d 1972 - anda inig amezwaru deg-sen d Apollo 11 deg useggas n 1969 -. Inigen-nni wwin-d deg tuɣalin-nsen azal n 380 kg n yiẓra n wayyur yettusxedmen i tigzi temhazt asnaklan i yiẓuran d unulfu n wayyur, yakk d tigzi n temsukt tagensant n wayyur d tesnakalt n wayyur . Maca seld n usmures n wahil n Apollo 17 deg useggas n 1972, ur d-llin ara yinigen ɣer wayyur anagar s temseddutin war imsallunen, tuget n yinigen-a llan-tt-d s tmesdullunin yeṭṭafaren Nasa ( Marikan ) neɣ n Lunuxud 1 ( tiddukla n Suvyit ). Ma seg 2004, Marikan, Lhend, Yapan, Ccinwa yakk d tnegga tamalunt n Uruppa uznent timseddutin timallunin ɣer tmezzit n wayyur anda i ttekkant yakk deg usentem n tilin n waman deg wayyur deg imedwan utliyen.

Asileɣ d unulfu n wayyur

Aṭas n teẓra i d-ittwassumren i ussegzi n usileɣ d unulfu n wayyur send n 4.527 ± 0.010 n imelyaren n iseggasen, yiwet seg turdiwin ayi teqqar-d d akken ayyur yennebra-d seg yiclem n tegnit s usrag n tdusi tamerwelmast ɣef tallit n 30 alamma d 50 n imelyan n iseggasen n usileɣ n unagraw anafuk i d-issuturen asebrin asiman meqqren i tegnit. Dɣa taldayt tessaweṭ ad tessers ayyur i d-innulfan deg ukala ara ad issutren asehri meqqren deg wadad agennaw n tegnit i wsencef n tfasa i d-immugen s usrag n wuggug n wayyur d tukkit-is, [ 1 ] i wakken ad ittwasileɣ wayyur d tegnit deg wegra akunnran agejdan. D acu kan necta ur d-issegzay ara asniẓẓer n wuzzal seg wayyur. Yerna turda ayi ur tezmir ara ad tessegzu imir uɣmir meqqren n unagraw n wayyur-tagnit.

Ayyur deg yidles

Afrari n wayyur deg tegnawt n yiṭ tamallast d wallus-is alugan n talliyin iga-y-as s teɣzi n wakud d talliyin asemdu adelsan s wazal-is ama deg tutlayin, deg teswaswt tanayyurt , deg tẓuri yakk d yimyayen n zik i d-ittwasgensen deg ikucen n wayyur am Xunsu deg tɣerma n Miẓra d Čang deg tɣerma n icinwiyen yakk d Mama quilla deg tɣerma n Inka

Medden d wayyur

Ayyur sseqdacen-t seg zik medden akken ad ḥesben ayyuren n useggas n wayyur (am Yinselmen d Yicinwaten). Arma i d asmi i d-yennulfa utiliskup , deg lqern wis 17, i bdan yemdanen ttwalin ṣṣifa n tidet n wakal n wayyur. Deg Yulyu n 1969, imdanen rsen i tikkelt tamezwarut ɣef Wayyur, yerna kemmlen rezzun fell-as arma d 1972.

"D acerkiḍ amezzyan i umdan, d acerkiḍ ameqqran i talsa!"