Tagduda Taṛumanit

Tagduda Tarumanit tebda deg useggas n 509 send n tlalit n Ɛisa, mi yettwakkes ugdud Arumani Tarquinius Superbus , agellid aneggaru n Ruma. Tamezwarut-a n tegduda tella d tagrawla mgal tanbaḍt tageldunt i yellan tettaɛna aṭas iseggasen. Lucius Junius Brutus d Marcus Horatius Pulvillus uɣalen d ikunsulen imezwura n tegduda tamaynut.

Azamul amezwaru n tegduda yebna ɣef uzaraf n "Senatus Populusque Romanus" (SPQR), anamek-is Agraw d ugdud Arumani. Anagraw-a yebḍa adabu ger sin ikunsulen i d-yettwafernen yal aseggas, d ugraw (Senatus) i d-yettwalin ɣef tsertit taɣelnawt.

Tisektiwin n Unagraw Agdudan

Tagduda Tarumanit tesbedd tisektiwin tigejdanin ara yeǧǧen tanbaḍt ur tettili ara deg ifassen n yiwen wemdan:

Ikunsulen : Sin imasayen i d-yettwafernen yal aseggas, ttawin tadbelt tiserdasant d tsertit. Sɛan azref n viṭṭu ɣef tiɣtas n wayeḍ.

Agraw (Senatus) : Tajmaɛt n 300 ar 600 n yergazen, amur ameqran seg-sen d ipatrisyen. D nutni i d-yettakken iwellihen d yinaḍen i tegduda.

Agdud d Yimɣarin-is : Tribuni plebis ttwafernen iwakken ad ḥudden izerfan n wuɣref(aladɣa mgal i patrisyan). Sɛan azref n viṭṭu mgal tiɣtas n yikunsulen d ugraw.

Imḍebbren Inezrafen : Prituren ttawin taɣdemt, sinsuren ttɛassan agdud u ḥudden tikli n ugraw.

Aswir d Unekcum Amezwaru (509-264 Q.A)

Di tazwara, Ruma tella d tamdint tamecṭuḥt di tmurt n Latium. Maca s tizzya, tebda tettwasɛa s yimenɣa d yisaɣen. Ger 509 d 264, Ruma terbaḥ:

Tagrawla n yiplebis deg 494 Q.A telha-d s usbeddi n tribunat n ugdud, ayen i yeǧǧan timsal ad ilint ger ipatrisyen d yiplebiyin.

Ṭṭradat Tipunikiyin d Tanbaḍt n Yilel Agrakal (264-146 Q.A)

Ṭṭrad Tapunikt Tamezwarut (264-241 Q.A)

Amenɣi amezwaru mgal Qarṭaj yebda ɣef Sisilya. Ruma tebna tafluka-s tamenzut iwakken ad tenaɣ deg yilel. Amenɣi yekfa s tnezmert n Roma di Mylas (260) d Yigzawen Egaten (241).

Ṭṭrad Tapunikt Tis Snat (218-201 Q.A)

Hannibal Barca yeɛreḍ ad yaɣ Ruma seg Spanya, yezger Alpen s yilwen. Yerbeḥ timenɣiwin timeqqranin di Trasimen d Kanna (216 Q.A). Maca Scipyu Afrikanus yuɣal-d s tnezmert di Zama (202 Q.A).

Ṭṭrad Tapunikt Tis Kraḍt (149-146 Q.A)

Ruma teqḍa ad tesfeḍ Qarṭaj. Scipyu Aemilianus yeṭṭef tamdint deg 146 Q.A, yesreɣ-itt, yerna yesswa tizemrin s tmelḥit(ɣas akken llan wid i d-iqqaren d akken macci d tidet waya).

Timhalin Tigensanin d Tsemmeskelt n Tegduda (133-49 Q.A)

Tisemmaskalin n Watmaten Gracchi

Tiberius (133 Q.A) d Gaius Gracchus (123-121 Q.A) ɛerḍen ad beddlen tikli n tmurt s wugar n wakal i yiplibiyin . Amenɣi-nsen yekfa s tmettant-nsen.

Ṭṭrad Tanamurt

Triumvirat Amezwaru (60-53 Q.A)

Julyus Sisar, Pumpey d Krassus msefhamen ad bḍun tanbaḍt. Amtawa-ya yeɣli mi yemmut Crassus deg 53 Q.A.

Taggara n Tegduda d Tlalit n Tgelda (49-27 Q.A)

Ṭṭrad Aɣerman

Amenɣi ger Sisar d Pumpey (49-45 Q.A) yekfa s tnezmert n Sisar. Pumpey yerwel ar Maṣer anda yemmut deg 48 Q.A.

Tanekra n Sisar

Sisar yuɣal d adiktatur, yebda tibeddiliyin timeqqranin. Maca yenɣa-t unguz n isenaturiyen deg yiḍes n Mars 44 Q.A.

Ṭṭrad Aɣerman Wis Sin

Marcus Antunyus, Uctavyanus d Lepidus msefhamen deg 43 Q.A. Maca amenɣi yekker garasen, yekfa s tnezmert n Uctavyanus di Actium (31 Q.A).

Uctavyanus Yuɣal d Ugustus

Deg 27 Q.A, Utavyanus yeṭṭef akk adabu, yuɣal d Augustus, amenkad amezwaru n Ruma. Tagduda temmut, tebda Tgelda Tarumanit.

Tamezduɣt d Yidelsa di Tegduda

Tagduda Tarumanit teǧǧa-d aṭas n teɣlafin:

Tagrawt

Tagduda Tarumanit teddam azal n 482 n yiseggasen, seg 509 ar 27 Q.A. Tebeddel seg temdint tamecṭuḥt ar tgelda tameqqrant yesɛan ilel Agrakal. Taggara-s tussa-d mi yuɣal wammus gar yimasayen d tikriḍt tagensant ur nezmir ara ad tt-frun yinagrawen iqdimen. Ugustus yerra-tt d tamenkda, maca yeḥrez aṭas n tɣawsiwin n tegduda di ṭṭerf-is. Tagduda Tarumanit teǧǧa-d azal ameqqran deg umezruy n tmura n Turuft d yilel Agrakal, ladɣa deg wayen yeɛnan tazarfit, tasertit, d tsekla.