Tafsut n Imaziɣen

Ass n 20 ibrir , d amulli n tefsut amaziɣ, amulli n tefsut n tlelli. D yiwen wass i deg a nesfugel i tikkelt tis 25 tadyant n imaziɣen. Anwa-t weqbayli ur nesli neɣ ur nessin tafsut n imaziɣen ? Anwa-t umaziɣ im’ ur yiwiḍ yissel? Wa yecfa wa ala akken it-iccenu Abranis deg yiwet si tezlatin-is maca, tura, seg weqrur-nni ameẓyan alma d amɣar-nni acaraf, ssnen akk anamek-is uzemz-a*. Azekka daɣen, a nemyager akk d yiman-neɣ, akk d weḥric-a axatar deg umezruy azi* n Tferka n ugafa.

Mačči d asfugel iɣ-d-yeggran ass-a, ur ɣ-yeţţak wul i waya acku gran-aɣ-n yiswan wuɣur mazal werɛad nessaweḍ, yeggra-ɣ-n webrid i mazal ur ifuk ara, ggrant-aɣ-n ccfayat ur neḥriz akken iwata...teggra-yaɣ-n tutlayt tamaziɣt i yuɣalen amzun d taǧǧalt. Ggrant-aɣ-n terwiḥin n wid yeţwanɣan di tefsut taberkant. Widak-nni i d-yekkren di 1980 d widak i d-yekkren di 2001 yiwen n yiri nsen. Timesbaniyin-nni i yeḍran di tmurt n leqbayel send iḍelli, iḍelli neɣ ass-a, ţţakent-ed udem n weqbayli i yerɣan af tilelli . Ayen awk wiɣer id-nessaweḍ ass-a,123 n imeɣrasen i nɣan iserdasen d isultiyen n udabu azzayri aɛrab inselmizri akk d ibuxusen-is, yesban-aɣ-d dakken: ger yiḍelli d wass-a, ulac dacu i ibeddlen fell-aɣ. Imi mazal neqqen arrac nneɣ am yizan, teţwaḥreṣ ugar n yiḍelli. « Aman-nni yeččuren d ḥellejɣar d nutni d nutni, bedlen-asen kan acemmux » Tafsut n imaziɣen mačči kan akka i ţ-lul-ed ger yiḍ d wass: dayen wiɣer i d-nessaweḍ, dayen awk id-yekkan zdat-es i ţ-id-ismentsen.

Idim mazal tuɣ yeḥma ass mi yeţwakkes usarag n (Dda lmulud) Mulud At Mɛammer af tmedyazt taqburt n yeqbayliyen(asarag-a tuɣ teţţuhega-n i wass n 10 meɣres ), yugi-ţ udabu azzayri, teţwakkes kan akka...d amnukal n ugerzu n Tizi-Wezzu s yiman-is i s-ţ-yennan i dda Lmulud. Si tal tama, di yal adrum, bdan medden ţţarran nnehtat si cayaḍ i sen-iserkeb udabu azzayri, bdan ţţiwzagen waman...aseqqi yemmar-ed akken yerɣa. Meḥyaf-nni i isik Bu-iledyen af yeqbayliyen yezzi-d af bab-is, tefɣ-ed tiɣri n wid yugin ddel d uzaglu. Dɣa tetṭerḍeq af tikkelt, temmar-ed af yiwin yidis. kamal Belqasem d yiwen seg yiḍan n “El-Moudjahed“ i s-d-itekkan i dda lmulud, s rregmat akk d useglef; ira ad yefk iɣil i wat-is: wid-nni iɣ-d-imedlen tiwwura, wid-nni iţţarrayin af wegdud. Tamesbanit tamenzut i d-yellan di Tizi-Wezzu d tin n 11 meɣres 1980 , tsembiwel addad(liḥala) n timiren. D inelmaden d tinelmadin n Taseddawit Asif Ɛisi d Iḥesnawen i yetṭfen tuɣḍaṭ-a, ur ẓẓrin ara kan dacu i yellan yegguni-ten …

Aɣaram asdawan n wasif ɛisi, mazal-it ar ass-a i wakken a d-yesmekti wid yeţţun, akken a ten-d-yeḥku af yiḍ-nni n 19 yebrir 1980 mi d-mkuben iserdasen s yeqjan. D ahmaj i hemjen deg inelmaden d tnelmadin. Acḥal iwin ar lḥebs, acḥal ɛedmen ger-asen... A nekk seg wayaki mebla ma neţţu awk imeɣnasen i s-yefkan udem azedgan i wayen i d-yeḍran. Ur ntekk ara kan akka ma yella ur d-nudir irgazen am Ɛebbuṭ , Lunawsi, Mezdad , Saɛdi, Ferḥat Mhenni , Zituni ... d yawk arrac imaziɣen i iseblen iman-nsen i wakken tadyant n 20 Yebrir a ţ-aweḍ ar tal taddart di tmurt n Yeqbayliyen. Aseggas yezzi af waya, si tama n Bgayet iɣ-d-tekka taɣrit n Imaziɣen tikkelt-a...Tafsut n 1981 Ilmeẓyen d telmeẓyin n din ččan aḥlalas n udabu azzayri, awal nsen yiwen: werǧin ad teḥlelli-d tugduţ i yeqbayliyen

Seg wass-nni, Iqbayliyen fkan awal, ggulen dakken tineţţi nsen ur tnegger u s deffir-sen ḍefren-d imaziɣen s umata. Ulayɣer a nesṭuqet awal, d timuggiyin i asenfar nneɣ. Imal n yeqbayliyen atan di tmurt nsen, iẓuran-nsen ɣzan almi anda yiwen ur yessin…Imal n tutlayt nsen atan ger tarwa-s, atan di tmurt-is, deg urebbi n warraw-is. Talalit n Amussu Adelsan Amaziɣ s tumert medden ay ţ-muggren, ass-nni i yebda umennuɣ af yidles d tutlayt nneɣ yeţţali yeţnerni almi ass-a, ulac win ur nessin xas ula cwiyya n umezruy nneɣ. Tafat iɣ-d-isiɣ Umussu d ajgagal s wiyes nerfreẓ abrid deg wi’ nteddu, nerfed aqerru nneɣ ar igenwan mebla akukru. Ula ma xas ass-a, Amussu yebḍa d icḥricen seg mi kkan ikabaren nnig-es, iswi-s amenzu n win n widak icḥemlen ayla nsen, akal nsen...

Azekka d amulli n wass mi d-tefrari tagut af wid iran seg wul tugduţ d yetṭfen deg iẓuran nsen…amennuɣ simmal irennu, agdud simmal yeţţaki. Ad rnuɣ af wayaki, amennuɣ n imeɣnasen s yimru , tamedyazt d ccna.

Maɛṭub Lwennas seg imezwura i sen-yerran tajmilt i tlawin d yergazen n tefsut imaziɣen, tasfift i d-yessufeɣ kra n wayyuren kann s deffir 20 yebrir anda icennu:

Eḥzen Lwad Ɛisi Mi yebda imenɣi Yewweḍ-iten Lɛesker deg Yiḍ Tuddar slant irkwelli, suwwent ɣer Tizi Kul abrid a yeţfeggiḍ Ur telli d tisselbi, nehwaǧ tilleli, Uqbel aɣ-ḥerren ɣer lhid. Akken nella zik a nili, Ma yella imenɣi, Wi’ mmuten ad yennerni mmi-s. A wid iḥekmen ayenni, ur nelli d ulli, Tamurt iban-d lsas-is. Tamaziɣt ad tennerni …

Ferḥat Mhenni , yeccna tafsut imaziɣen:

Nnif d lḥerma dayen yeḍran Di tefsut n Tizi Wezzu Llan d ilemẓyen d tlemẓyin fɣan-d s iberdan. Nnan-d ala dayen neɛya Si lbaṭel akk d uzaglu ...

Neɣ ayen yeccna Buǧemɛa Agraw :

Timest n 54 tensa di 62 Teggra-d tirgit deg iɣed-nni Tuɣal tecɛel di 80 Tetṭef-iţ-id tideţ n lesnin Ansi i d-isuḍ ubeḥri D leqbayel i izuggiren Mazal-aɣ d imaziɣen … Ma ţţuɣ arrac nneɣ yeɣlin, Nekk mačči d aqbayli

Lwennas d dda Lmulud Mazal-aɣ d imaziɣen Ur neţr’uz ur nkennu Ur nqebbel ara azaglu Mazal-aɣ…mazal-aɣ d imaziɣen ...

Amezruy n Tefsut n Yimaziɣen : D acu yeḍran ?

[Tafsut n 1980 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel d tin ay ikecmen deg umezruy (ttarix) n tmaziɣt d win n Ldzayer akk-n ma tella. Deg wussan-nni, ḍrant aṭas n tɣawsiwin s tghawla, d tid ay yuraren ddurh d ameqqran deg tikli i lmend n wakkaz s tmazight deg tmurt-is. Yelha ma nessawel-d ghef way-n yedhran deg Tefsut-nni akk-n ad nefhem xir tidyanin-a. Adhris-a ay d-nuwey d tukkist (extrait) seg "Weghmis n Tedyanin n Tmurt n Leqbayel" ay yura Racid Caker deg tallit-nni u yeffeɣ-d deg tesɣunt (revue) n "Les Temps Modernes" (uṭṭunen 432-433, Yunyu-Ɣuct 1982), akk d tesɣunt Tafsut.]

Ass n lḥedd, 9 Meɣres 1980 : Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tella tesaa imir-n sin n yiseggasen d wezgen seg wasmi ay tettwaldi yernu yufa-d lḥal yagi tga tlata yisundilen (grèves) imeqranen, aneggaru deg-sen d win ay d-yellan deg gar 17 Tubeṛ d 13 Nwembeṛ 1979. Asunded-nni gan-t ɣef wugur n ugenses idetti (représentation authentique) n yinelmaden sdaxel n tesdawit. Akabar n Tirni n Weslelli Aɣelnaw (FLN) yella la d-yeqqar dakk-n inelmaden ara yesseḥṛasen akk-n ad gen isundilen-a d "imesmaziɣen" (berbéristes) neɣ d imaṛksiyen imaziɣen (u llan qqaren-asen "Bougiots").

Seg yimir-n, iselmaden ay llan ttwalin-ten d imarksiyen, llan ur ten-ttaznen ara ɣer Tizi Wezzu, wanag ttaznen-ten ɣer tesdawit n Sṭif . Ma d iselmaden idzayriyen ay yeghran deg Fransa llan ttqaraaen-ten u tikkwal ssagaden-ten. Yagi, deg way-n iaaddan, adtas n tikkal ur jjin ara ad d-ilint tmeskanin tidelsanin (manifestations culturelles) tidelsanin timaziɣin deg Tizi Wezzu. Ur jjin ara At Mengellat neɣ Yidir ad cnun, gedlen tamezgunt (pièce de théâtre) n "2000 n yiseggasen n Ṭradh" ay llan tturaren-tt-id s teqbaylit.

Kra n wussan uqbel ma yusa-d Mouloud Mammeri ɣer tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad d-yeg asarag-is, sneṭḍen yinelmaden inazalen (affiches) deg yiɣerban akk-n ad d-xebbren ɣef way-a. Anemhal n tesdawit (recteur), ɣas ma yella ur as-yeɛjib ara lḥal, yeqbel ad d-yili usarag-nni imi d aseqqamu (comité) n uɣaram (cité) n Asif Aɛisi ay d-yelhan s tigin n usarag-a yernu aseqqamu-a testeɛṛef yes-s tedbelt (administration). D acu kan, aṭas n yinazalen ay d-yettwasɣersen. Deg yiḍ n wass n lḥedd d letniyen (ɣef ttnac n yiḍ), yeɣra-as-d yiwen i Mouloud Mammeri, yenna-as dakk-n d netta ay d anemhal n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u yenna-as dakk-n asarag-nni-ines yebṭel.

Ass n letniyen 10 Meɣres 1980 Azekka-nni taṣ̣ebḥit, Mouloud Mammeri yesteqsa, u d Mass Arab, anemhal (directeur) n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu s timmad-is ay as-yennan dakk-n maci d netta ay as-d-yeɣran yernu asarag-ines ur yettwamneɛ, ur yettuwexxer. Ɣef tizi n ttnac n wass, Mouloud Mammeri yeqleɛ seg Ldzayer, yedda id-s Salem Caker d yiwen n unehhaṛ iqeddcen deg CRAPE, la tteddun ɣer Tizi Wezzu. Mi uwḍen ɣer Dreɛ Ben Xedda , ɣef jjuj, yeḥbes-iten yiwen n wuggug (barrage) n yibulisen (uggug niḍen yella yegguni-ten deg Buxalfa ).

Sdeffir ma walan lekwaɣeḍ-is, ibulisen uwyen Mouloud Mammeri ɣer uwali n Tizi Wezzu, u d netta ay as-d-yennan s yimi-s dakk-n asarag-ines (conférence) ɣer "yisefra iqdimen n teqbaylit" yettwamneɛ imi ay-a "yezmer ad d-yawi ccwal", am wakk-n ay as-yenna ad yeffeɣ seg Tizi Wezzu imir-nni kan. Yuɣ lḥal, awali yekcef-d ula d win ay iwekkel akk-n ad as-d-iɣer i Mammeri deg yiḍ-nni u ad as-yini dakk-n asarag-is yettwamneɛ. Wagi d Mass Merabten, d anemhal (directeur) n COUS. Akk-a, Mammeri yeqqel yeẓra dakk-n anemhal n tesdawit ula ay t-yegren deg way-nni. Yuɣ lḥal, anemhal n tesdawit akk d umaru amatu (secrétaire général) qqlen nnan-as i Mammeri dakk-n ay-nni yekka-d nnig n tezmert-nsen. ɣef ṛṛebɛa d wezgen n tmeddit, llan ugar n 1000 n medden ara yettṛajun melmi ara yebdu usarag-nni. Mi ẓran dakk-n yettwamneɛ, bdan la ten-id-ttalin wurfan, yernu ssefran ad gen timlilit i uzekka-nni, 11 Meɣres, ɣef 9 n tṣ̣ebḥit.

Ass n ttlata 11 Meɣres Inelmaden gan tameskant-nsen (manifestation) tamezwarut deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu. ɣef ttesɛa n tṣ̣ebḥit ay mlalen u gar n 10:15 d 12:15, gar n 500 d 700 n yinelmaden ay yelḥan deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu, zzin-d sin iberdan ɣef yizenqan imeqranen n temdint. Tikli teḥbes sdat n Useqqamu Aɣelnaw Aɣerfan (CNP) n FLN, sdat n twilayt u sdat n tesnawit (lycée) n temdint, u llan refden tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "Idles amaziɣ : idles aɣerfan", "Awali, Aseqqamu aɣelnaw aɣerfan, asarag n Mammeri yettwamneɛ ?", "Ḥebset aqmaḍ n yedles". Uran-d daɣen s tefṛensist : "Ad yeɣli weqmaḍ" (répression), "Awali, Aseqqamu aɣelnaw aɣerfan d iqettalen". Ma s tmaziɣt uran-d "Tamaziɣt d tameslayt-nneɣ", "Ad nerreẓ wala ad neknu", "Neɛya deg lbaṭel".

Imeẓla (ssrabes) n weqmaḍ (répression) llan ḥedṛen s waṭas dinna : ibulisen, ijadeṛmiyen d yisexsayen (pompiers), d acu kan, ur d-giren ara iman-nsen. Kullec yeḥbes deg temdint yernu medden llan la d-ttḍillin seg ṭṭwaqi n yexxamen. Medden amzun ddan u fkan-asen lḥeqq i yinelmaden-nni, maca ur d-sbanen ara lebɣi-nsen akk-n ad ttekkin neɣ ad ɛawnen inelmaden. D acu, llant kra n temɣarin nnant-asen d "arrac ijehlen". Deg tmeddit n wass-nni, mlalen yiselmaden idzayriyen n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u uran-d aḍris (texte) n yiwet n tsakbabt (pétition), aḍris-nni gan-t d tabṛat yeldin i uneɣlaf (ministre) n usselmed aɛlayan. Deg weḍris-nsen, iselmaden ur qbilen ara imi ay yettwamneɛ usarag (conférence) n umeddakel-nsen deg tesdawit, u sḥeṛsen i wakk-n ad tettuqader lḥeṛma n tesdawit (ur qbilen ara imi ara d-keccmen yibulisen ɣer daxel n tesdawit ...), a m wakk-n ssuttren ad tili tlelli n wawal ladɣa deg way-n yerzan idles d yiles amaziɣ. Tabṛat-nni zemlen-tt (stenyan-tt) ṛebɛin n yiselmaden (ṛebɛa yimuren ɣef xemsa seg yiselmaden idzayriyen yellan qeddcen deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu).

Ass n laṛebɛa 12 Meɣres 1980 Agraw amatu (assemblée générale) n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu yura-d yiwet n "tebṛat yeldin i Uselway n Tegduda". Tabṛat-nni ssuffɣen-d seg-s luluf n tsukan (copies) u ferqen-tent deg waṭas n yimukan (Ldzayer, Bumerdas, atg.). Tabṛat-a yettwarun s yiles ur nqesseḥ ara aṭas d tin ay deg d-bedren yinelmaden ay-n d-yeqqar werkawal aɣelnaw (charte nationale). Daɣen, inelmaden bedren-d deg tebṛat-nsen akk ay-n yeḍran deg wussan-nni nnan-d dakk-n iles d yedles imaziɣen ttalasen ad ttusnernin, am wakk-n d-ssuttren dakk-n tamaziɣt ad teqqel d iles aɣelnaw wis sin deg tmurt.

Deg Ldzayer tamaneɣt, medden yeslan s way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu, banen-d amzun ur uminen ara, bitt llan kra kra nnan-d dakk-n ay-a d lekdeb akk yernu ur uminen ara ula s Mouloud Mammeri dakk-n yella. D acu kan, llan kra n medden, qlilit, llan bɣan ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wezniq !

Ass n lexmis 13 Meɣres 1980 Iselmaden n Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Institut des Sciences Économiques) n Ldzayer tamaneɣt) asmi ay ẓran s lexbar, gan tasakbabt (pétition) ay fkan i weɣlif (ministère) akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara amnaɛ n usarag-nni (conférence) n Mammeri. Aḍris-a zemlen-t (stenyan-t) ṛebɛin n yiselmaden, meḥsub tlata n yimuren ɣef ṛebɛa seg yiselmaden idzayriyen (gar-asen wid iqeddcen deg PAGS [akabar amesdukli (parti communiste)] d wid iqeddcen deg tedbelt (administration)]. Deg webrid, gar Budwaw d Tizi Wezzu, amur ameqran deg yigalisen (tiplakin) akk d tseddariyin (abribus) uran deg-sent s ssbiɣa : "Tugdut", "Aït Ahmed deg tmurt !", "Ḥebset assenger n yedles !", "FLN amaynut d afaci", "Akk d inmeglayen" (opposants). Tira-a uran-tent deg yiḍ n 12 d 13 Meɣres. Medden walan daɣen tira am tigi deg Tizi Wezzu akk d yiberdan yettalin ɣer tuddar deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Adabu yeɛreḍ ad yeffer akk tira-nni s tɣawla s ssbiɣa tamellalt neɣ taweṛdit, deg wass n lexmis, 13 Meɣres. Ass-nni daɣen ay d-yeffeɣ umagrad (article) amezwaru deg lbeṛṛani ɣef way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu. Wa d amagrad awezlan ay d-yeffɣen deg weɣmis afṛensis n Libération, yeḥka-d ay-n yeḍran s tidet deg wass n 11 Meɣres. (Mebla ccek, d ay-n ay yejjan akk lejnas ad d-rren lwelha-nsen ɣer tedyanin-a !).

Ass n ljemɛa 14 Meɣres 1980 Medden bdan la ttmeslayen ɣef tira-nni u mxallafen leṛyuy-nsen fell-asen.

Ass n ssebt 15 Meɣres 1980 Terza yiwet n tfagla (délégation) n yinelmaden i tikkelt tamezwarut ɣer tselwit (présidence) u tejja-n dinna tabṛat yeldin i uselway. D A. Benhabyles ay ten-yemmugren, iban-d yewhem maca ur d-yesban ara taɛdawt-ines. Inelmaden sseknen-as-d amek ay tettwaru tmaziɣt (s tfinaɣ) u yenna-d dakk-n yefka tira-nni i Uselway (?). Deg temlilit-ines tis snat akk d yinelmaden ay d-yesban addud-ines (position).

Ass n lḥedd 16 Meɣres 1980 Deg Ldzayer, medden la ttmeslayen dakk-n tella yiwet n tewriqt n FFS ay yettwaferqen ɣef yinelmaden deg wussan-nni (yuɣ lḥal, d tin ay d tawriqt tis tlata ara yefreq ukabar-a deg setta n wayyuren ineggura). Tawriqt-a tessawal-d ɣef tedyanin-nni n Tizi Wezzu u tenna-d dakk-n 2000 n yinelmaden ay yettekkan deg tmeskant-nni (tamesbanit) n 11 Meɣres (yili ay-a ur iṣ̣eḥḥa).

Deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, ass n lḥedd 16, letniyen 17 d wass n ttlata 18 Meɣres, medden gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Laṛebɛa n Ayt Yiraten, deg Yiɛeẓẓugen akk d Ɛin Lḥemmam. Deg Laṛebɛa n Ayt Yiraten, medden qqimen la tteddun deg yizenqan tlata n wussan, wa sdeffir wa. Aṭas seg wid yettekkan deg tmeskanin-a d ilmeẓyen (inelmaden n tesnawiyin [lycéens], atg.), akk d kra n yigerdan d tlawin (amur ameqran deg-sent d timɣarin). Ḍrant tɣawsiwin yessewhamen. Deg Larebɛa n At Yiraten , medden kecmen ɣer lkaziṛna u ḥettmen iserdasen (iɛsekṛiyen) ad d-ffɣen seg-s s yiceṭṭiḍen n waddal (sport) (imi ay llan la ttgen addal) i wakk-n ad ttekkin yid-sen deg tmeskant ɣef yiles amaziɣ. Ula d amɣiwan (lmir) ḥettmen-t ad d-yeffeɣ, u ad yezwir i ṣ̣ṣ̣ef u ad d-yini "Ad ddren Yimaziɣen".

Deg yal amkan, medden rẓan jjaj d yigalisen (tiplakin) n lbenyanat n ddula u uran fell-asen isekkilen (lḥuṛuf) n tfinaɣ. Deg Yiɛeẓẓugen, yiwen n ubulis yusa-d ad yennaɣ medden imi ay rẓan yiwen n ugalis n FLN, dɣa smaren fell-as acabcaq n ssbiɣa tazewwaɣt. Imsenza (ttejjaṛ) ɣelqen tiḥuna-nsen maca kra nnan-d dakk-n d medden ay ten-iḥettmen ad ɣelqen.

Ass n letniyen 17 Meɣres 1980 Daniel Junqua yellan la iqeddec d anemyaru (correspondant) deg weɣmis n "Le Monde", yedda ɣer Tizi Wezzu u yebda la yesteqsay inelmaden d yiselmaden. Yeɛreḍ ad yesteqsi daɣen kra n yemḍebbren, maca ur yessaweḍ ara (anemhal n tesdawit [recteur] ulac-it, atg.). Deg wass n 19 Meɣres, yeffeɣ-d umagrad (article) amezwaru deg Le Monde u yeḥka-d ɣef lumuṛ akk-n ḍrant (mebla azeyyed wala assenqes).

Deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden d yiselmaden la ssawalen ɣef wakk ay-n yeḍran. Llan kra bɣan ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara ad ad d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren (partis) n tenmegla (opposition) deg temsalt-a u ad ɛerḍen ad sqedcen tidyanin-a deg leṣ̣laḥ-nsen, d acu kan, rran-ten deg rrif yernu jjan ay-n akk-n llan bɣan ad t-gen. Tameddit-nni, Ferhat Mhenni, acennay n terbaɛt Imaziɣen Imula iga abaraz (gala) deg telmessit (foyer) n yinelmaden deg Yiḥesnawen. Ḥedṛen azal n 1000 n yinelmaden, gar-asen anemhal (directeur) n COUS, Merabtene, yellan yeskeṛ yernu llan la smesxiren yes-s yinelmaden. Abaraz-nni yeqqel d timlilit ay yes d-sseknen yinelmaden dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) n ddula. Timlilit-a teqqel mechuṛet imi ay sqerdcen yinelmaden s lejheṛ ɣef kra n temsal tisertiyin (politiques) am tuqqla n Aït Ahmed d Boudiaf. Arezki About yellan iqeddec deg unegmi (laboratoire) n tesdawit, yessawel-d ɣef yiwet n tewriqt ay n FUAA ay d-sɛeddan s ddaw n tewwurt n texxamt-is.

Ass n ttlata 18 Meɣres 1980 Lexbar n timeskanin (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan deg Laṛebɛa n Ayt Yiraten, Iɛeẓẓugen d Ɛin Lḥemmam yelfa-d d tidet. Medden qqlen la ttwalin lumuṛ s leḥder (ladɣa irgazen imeqranen), imi ugaden "lemmer ad yekker ṭṭrad aɣarim (guerre civile)".

Ass n laṛebɛa 19 Meɣres 1980 Aneɣlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aɛlayan, Bererhi, yemlal i tikkelt tamezwarut akk d Mammeri, u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ d ameqran s yiles "aẓidan am tamemt", maca ur iban ara ɣef wacu. Tikkelt niḍen, yeɣra-as akk-n ad t-yenṣ̣eḥ ur yettekkay ara deg yisaragen (conférences) ay ssefran ad ten-gen yinelmaden deg uɣaram (cité) n tesdawit n teqcicin deg Ben Aknoun, ɣef yedles aɣelnaw. Nnan-asen daɣen akk-a i Mass Labidi akk d Rachid Boudjedra, imi ay ugaden lemmer ad ttekkin deg yisaragen-nni. Mammeri yessutter ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa deg teqcicin ay t-iɛerḍen. Kra n teqcicin n Tdukli Taɣelnawt n Yelmeẓyen Idzayriyen (UNJA) ɛerḍent ad frunt ugur-a, maca ur ssawḍent ara.

Ass n lexmis 20 Meɣres 1980 Aɣmis n El Moudjahid yessuffeɣ-d yiwet n tebṛat n ucemmet d rregmat yettwaxetmen s yisem n K.B. (mebla ccek d Kamel Belkacem, anemhal n tira [rédacteur en chef] n weɣmis-a). Tabṛat-a tetthem Mammeri (mebla ma tebder-d isem-is) belli d axabit ixeddmen akk d temharsa (colonialisme). Tasɣunt n "Révolution Africaine" tessuffeɣ-d daɣen tigejdit (éditorial), ur yettwafhem ara d acu ay d-yeqsed maca, deg tgara, iwet-d deg wid ay d-yessekren ccwal deg Tizi Wezzu. Ma d aɣmis n Algérie Actualité yenna-d dakk-n tirzi ay iga Chadli ɣer Ccerq Alemmas d tin ay yessefra ad tt-yeg aṭas ay-a, yernu ccwal yekkren deg tmurt n Leqbayel ur yeqqin ara ɣer tirzi-a. Nnig way-a, Chadli yessefra ad yerzu ɣef Tizi Wezzu deg wass n 15 neɣ 16 Meɣres. ɣef way-a ay gan kra n lecɣal n ucebbeḥ n temdint s tɣawla deg wussan-nni.

Deg Dreɛ Lmizan, inelmaden n tesnawiyin (lycées) ɛerḍen ad gen tamsekant (tamesbanit) i tikkelt tamezwarut deg wussan-nni n yimuras (vacances). Ttekkan azal n 200 n yinelmaden deg tmeskant-nni. Deg Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden gan timlilit iweɛṛen ay deg kra ur qbilen ara imi ay d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren n tenmegla (partis d'opposition) am FFS, FUAA d PRS. Kra bedren-d ula d PAGS (akabar amesdukli [parti communiste]) yellan la yesseqdac ma ulac sin wid yellan "la d-ssenkaren" inelmaden). Deg temlilit-a, inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu fran-tt-id ad ddun ɣer Laṛebɛa n Ayt Yiraten, Iɛeẓẓugen d tmura niḍen u ad ɛerḍen ad ten-qennɛen ur d-ttadren ara ɣer Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad msegrawen dinna. Tameskant-nni ay ɣef llan la ssawalen medden aṭas ay-a (ula deg Ldzayer) yewɛeṛ akk-n ad tt-ḥebsen. Iɣallen n laman llan swejden iman-nsen akk-n ad wten.

Ass n ssebt 22 Meɣres 1980 Iselmaden n Tizi Wezzu la ssawalen ɣef tririt ara gen i umagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet d rregmat ay d-yeffɣen deg El Moudjahid. Yuɣ lḥal, amagrad-a iḥuza ula d iselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Deg Ldzayer, kra n yiselmaden n tesdawit ɛerḍen ad d-gen tasakbabt (pétition) ara fken i El Moudjahid akk-n ad as-yeḍmen i Mammeri lḥeqq n uwajeb deg weɣmis-a. Ciṭṭaḥ kan ay iqeblen ad zemlen (ad stenyin) tasakbabt-a. Ula d wid iqeddcen deg CRAPE (anda ay yella Mammeri iqeddec d anemhal [directeur]), maci aṭas ay tt-izemlen.

Ass n letniyen 24 Meɣres 1980 Iselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu ur msefhamen ara ɣef lecɣal ara gen. Tabṛat yeldin ay uran i uneɣlaf (lewzir) werɛad ur tt-uzinen ara. Deg Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Institut des Sciences Economiques) deg Tizi Wezzu, anemhal Arab yessebded-d taseqqamut taslemdant (commission pédagogique). Iselmaden ssuttren deg tedbelt (administration) ad asen-tefru ugur n ussuffeɣ n tsukan (polycopies) uqbel n 29 Meɣres. Ma ur yefri ara wugur-a, ad gen asunded (grève).

Ass n ttlata 25 Meɣres 1980 Asudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Institut des Sciences Economiques) n Ldzayer yebda-d asunded (grève) n tlata n wussan imi aseqqamu (comité) n usudu-nsen ur testeɛṛef ara yes-s tesdawit.

Aneɣlaf (ministre) n Usselɣu (information), Mehri, yemlal d Mammeri u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa imi ur yezmir ara ad t-yejj ad d-yessuffeɣ tiririt-ines deg weɣmis n El Moudjahed. Mammeri ur yebɣi ara ad ikemmel asseḥṛes-ines ɣef El Moudjahed, dɣa yeɛred ad yessutter ad d-yessuffeɣ tiririt-ines deg Algérie-Actualité. Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, anemhal n Unadi ussnan (rechercher scientifique) n weɣlif (ministère), Mass Benbouzid, akk d kra n medden n ONRS, nnan-d dakk-n ad qeblen lemmer ad d-gen amkan i usselmed n tmaziɣt deg tesdawit u ad d-gen afurk (branche) n unadi deg wenrar-a. Aṭas n tsakbabin (pétitions) n wurfan n medden ara d-yettawḍen ɣer udabu.

26 Meɣres 1980 Gan tameskant (tamesbanit) niḍen deg Tizi Wezzu, ay deg ttekkan azal n 1000 n yinelmaden. Ibulisen ur d-giren ara iman-nsen.

30 Meɣres 1980 Deg Fṛansa, Aït Menguellet yeɣra-d kra n yisefra deg tewwurt n Pantin. Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan (droits) idelsanen iger-d tiɣri akk-n ad msegrawen medden deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa.

6 Yebrir 1980 Inelmaden gan timlilit deg Yiḥesnawen (Tizi Wezzu) u fran-tt-id ad ṭṭfen u ad qqimen deg tzeqqa (salle) n assukken (reprographie) n tesdawit u gren-d tiɣri akk-n ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wass n 7 Yebrir deg Ldzayer tamaneɣt.

7 Yebrir 1980 Lɛecṛa n tṣ̣ebḥit. Ldzayer tamaneɣt, deg Tsenbert (place) n Umezwaru n Mayyu. 500 n yinelmaden d yiselmaden ay yemsegrawen akk-n ad d-ssuttren dakk-n idles amaziɣ yettalas ad yili. Tiḥucay ay refden yura-d deg-sent "Idles aɣerfan (culture populaire)", "Tilelli n wawal", "tamaziɣt ur telli ara d iles adzayri ?", "tugdut tadelsant (démocratie culturelle)". Wid yettekkan deg tmeskant-a (tamesbanit) bdan la d-cennun imseɣret (nnacid) n yemjuhad "Min jibalina" (Seg yidurar-nneɣ ay d-tuli taɣect n tlelli). Ibulisen bdan la kkaten medden akk-n kan d-tebda tikli. Wten wid yettekkan u qemḍen-ten mebla ṛṛeḥma. Azal n 200 ay ssulin deg yifurguten s tiyta n tdebbuzin. Gar wid yettekkan, llan aṭas ay yettwajerḥen, gar-asen xemsa ɣlin deg lkuma. Yiwen seg wid yettekkan wten-t s tdebbuzin alama ay yemmut. Deg tesdawit n Ldzayer, inelmaden deɣren (bbuṭin) akk-n ad gen asunded (grève). Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tga asunded daɣen yernu ṭṭfen-tt yinelmaden, deg-s ara ttɣimin, deg-s ara gganen.

ɣef leḥdac d wezgen n tṣ̣ebḥit, deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, inelmaden gan timlilit akk-n ad mciwṛen ɣef tikliwin niḍen ara gen sdat n teɣsart talemmast n yibulisen (commissariat central) akk-n ad sbegnen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression).

ɣef tlata n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen (Comité de défense des droits culturels) yessegrew-d azal n 1000 n yemdanen deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa. Wid igan amsegraw-a llan bɣan ad as-fken yiwen n ussumer (motion) i wenmahal (ambassadeur). D acu kan , aneggaru-a yegguma ad ten-yemmager u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ur llin d Idzayriyen. Aseqqamu yura-d yiwet n tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) u iga-d tasakbabt (pétition) ara sseddun d tebṛat-nni.

Tameddit : Inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu gan timlilit ay deg ay tt-id-fran ad gen asunded amatu (grève générale) mebla tilisa, u ad qqimen ṭṭfen tasdawit.

Ass n 8 Yebrir 1980 Deg Ldzayer tamaneɣt, ugar n 1000 n yinelmaden ay d-yeffɣen ad ttekkin deg tmeskant (tamesbanit) u la ttberriḥen "Ad yeɣli weqmaḍ (répression)", "Ibulisen d iqettalen", "Brum-asen-d i wid yettwaṭṭfen", "Idles aɣerfan (culture populaire) adzayri". Llan daɣen la d-cennun imesɣerten (nnacidat) n tmurt. Ibulisen dehhmen-ten s ljehd ɣer daxel n tesdawit. Tameskant-a teqqim ugar n snat n tsaɛtin. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen bran-asen-d.

Deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, d luluf n yifellaḥen seg Ɛin Lḥemmam d Laṛebɛa n Ayt Yiraten ay iɛerḍen ad ttekkin deg yiwet n tikli ay gan deg Tizi Wezzu. Igen (armée) yergel-asen iberdan u iḥettem-iten ad qqlen ɣer tuddar-nsen. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen iḍelli-nni bran-asen-d. Inelmaden n Bumerdas gan asunded (grève). Inelmaden d yiqeddacen n tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer gan-d assumer (motion) n uɛiwen n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Nnig way-a, gan-d daɣen anaru (bureau) ara yesseddun lecɣal n tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Ldzayer tamaneɣt.

9 Yebrir 1980 Amussu (mouvement) yebda la yettimɣur deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ilmeẓyen n Yiwaḍiyen, Ayt Yanni, Ljemɛa n Ssarij, Delles, Buṛj Mnayel, Sidi Ɛic, atg. gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad as-yettunefk lḥeqq i yedles amaziɣ ad yili. Ass-nni deg Sidi Ɛic, yettwamneɛ ubaraz (gala) n Ferhat n Imaziɣen Imula. Ibulisen ṭṭfen Ferhat.

Seg 9 ar 15 Yebrir 1980 Deg tuddar n Tmurt n Leqbayel, gan-d iseqquma n uqareɛ d uɛiwen n yinelmaden igan asunded (grève).

10 Yebrir 1980 Akabar n Terni Weslelli Aɣelnaw (FLN) iga tameskant (tamesbanit) mgal n tin ay gan yinelmaden deg Tizi Wezzu.

11 Yebrir 1980 Mouloud Mammeri yuzen tiririt-ines i weɣmis n El Moudjahid ay d-yessuffɣen amagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet "Wid yettafken timsirin" (dduṛus). El Moudjahid yegguma ad d-yessuffeɣ tiririt n Mammeri. D aɣmis n Le Matin ay tt-id-yessuffɣen. Inelmaden gan-as-d tisukan (copies) s Roneo u ferqen-tt ɣef medden ama deg Ldzayer, ama deg Fṛansa.

13 Yebrir 1980 Aneɣlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aɛlayan yemlal d yiwet n terbaɛt n yiselmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée) n Amirouche, deg Tizi Wezzu, bdan-d asunded (grève) u ṭṭfen tasnawit-nni. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu uznen assumer (motion) n uɛiwen i yinelmaden igan asunded akk d tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) Chadli ay deg ay as-ssuttren ad yeḥbes weqmaḍ (répression). Yiwet n tewriqt yettwaferqen ɣef medden (u nnan-d dakk-n n FFS) tger-d tiɣri akk-n ad gen medden asunded amatu (grève générale) deg wass n 16 Yebrir.

15 Yebrir 1980 Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (Comité de la défense des droits culturels en Algérie) iger-d tiɣri akk-n ad gen tikli deg wass n 26 Yebrir sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa u deg wass n Umezwaru n Mayyu seg wezniq n "Filles du Clavaire" alama d Bastille. Sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu ṭṭfen-t yiqeddacen.

16 Yebrir 1980 Medden gan asunded (grève) ikemlen deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Acennay Ferhat Mhenni n terbaɛt n Imaziɣen Imula yettwaker deg Dar El Beida [deg ccerq n Ldzayer tamaneɣt] ɣef tizi n jjuj d wezgen n tmeddit. Aneɣlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aɛlayan iɛeyyen-asen i yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad qqlen ɣer tɣuri deg wass 19 Yebrir. Tameddit-nni, mlalen yiqeddacen n Sonelec, Sonelgaz, Sonitex, Casoral, sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu akk d yiselmaden n yinelmaden akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) n ddula u sbedden-d aseqqamu aɣerfan (comité populaire) i usseddu n lecɣal.

18 Yebrir 1980 Iminigen msegrawen sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Ottawa yernu gan tikli tazamalt (symbolique) sdat n wemni (parlement) akanadi.

20 Yebrir 1980 ɣef lweḥda n tṣ̣ebḥit : tebda-d temhelt (opération) n Mizrana. Iɣallen n weqmaḍ (répression) kecmen ɣer wakk imukan ay ṭṭfen yinelmaden d yiqeddacen (tasdawit, sbiṭar, lluzinat). Inelmaden yellan ṭṭsen bdan-ten s tiyta nitni mazal-iten deg wusu. Wid ara irewwlen bran-d fell-asen iḍan. Inelmaden la d-ttneggizen seg lbaṭimat n uɣaram (cité) n tesdawit mebla ma lsan iceṭṭiḍen-nsen. Iselmaden ttwarefden seg yexxamen-nsen. Akk iqeddacen n sbiṭar ttwaṭṭfen, u uwyen-d deg wemkan-nsen imejjayen (iṭbiben) n lɛeskeṛ. La ittezzi wawal dakk-n mmuten 32 n medden u d timeyyatin ay ijerḥen. Imezdaɣen n Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale). Medden ur d-jjin ula d yiwen n ugalis (taplakt) yuran s taɛṛabt deg yizenqan. Tamurt n Leqbayel tegzem ɣef ddunit. Yettwamneɛ unekcum ɣer-s ladɣa ɣef yineɣmasen (imesjeṛnanen).

21 Yebrir 1980 21 seg wid yettwaṭṭfen ttucaṛɛen deg Leqṣ̣er [Bgayet] u yeḥkem-d fell-asen wexxam n ccṛeɛ ad kecmen ɣer lḥebs. Medden bdan la regglen iberdan deg temdint akk d teɣsart n tmacint (gare). Iɣallen n weqmaḍ (répression) bdan la tteddun deg yizenqan s yibeckiḍen yesɛan tiferyin yernu sxerben igniren (galeries) imaynuten (ahat gan ay-a akk-n ad smentsen [provoquer] medden ?). Medden sxerben ammas n tinḍi (centre d'artisanat), taɣsart (station) n lkiṛan akk d tedwirt n Kharroubi. Imezdaɣen n tuddar ay d-iqerben ɣer Tizi Wezzu udren-d akk-n u gan tikli deg temdint-a akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) d tmenɣiwt n medden.

22 Yebrir 1980 Asunded amatu (grève générale) yuweḍ ɣer wass-ines wis tlata. Mazal la regglen iberdan deg Tizi Wezzu. Imeskanen (manifestants) la tteddun deg temdint s tḥucay akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad asen-d-brun i wid yettwaṭṭfen u ad ḥebsen aqmaḍ (répression). Imeskanen refden daɣen tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "Imaziɣen". Ibulisen (tamunin tiɣelnawin n tɣellist, CNS) mmɣen ɣef yiselmaden seg sdeffir. Llan-d yimenɣin imeqranen deg wakk imukan n Tizi Wezzu gar yibulisen d yimeskanen. Imesdurar qqlen-d ɣer temdint yernu ula d nitni bdan la regglen iberdan. Sxerben inura (lbiruwat) n APS, SAA, axxam n tinḍi, anaru (lbiru) n ukabar n FLN, asensu (hôtel) n Balwa akk d tzeqqa n ssinima Mondial. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Mustapha Bacha, deg Ldzayer tamaneɣt, bdan-d ula d nitni asunded akk-n ad msegman d Tmurt n Leqbayel.

23 Yebrir 1980 Ass wis ṛebɛa n ussunded amatu (grève générale). Ibulisen la ttaṭṭafen medden s waṭas u deg yal amkan. Imeskanen (manifestants) ay d-yusan seg Tegzirt nnuɣen akk d yiɣallen n weqmaḍ (répression) deg unekcum n temdint n Tizi Wezzu. Yella-d daɣen yimenɣi d ameqran deg Dreɛ Ben Xedda.

24 Yebrir 1980 Tebda la d-tteqqel "lehna" cwiṭ, cwiṭ. Tiḥuna n tuccit bdant la leddint tameddit n wass-nni. Llan-d yimenɣiyen d imeqranen gar yimeskanen (manifestants) (deg Yiwaḍiyen, Laṛebɛa n Ayt Yiraten d Ɛin Lḥemmam) d yiɣallen n weqmaḍ. Igniren (galeries) imaynuten hudden seg lketṛa n sselɛa.

25 Yebrir 1980 Iɣallen n weqmaḍ ṭṭfen akk tamdint n Tizi Wezzu. Tilibizyu n Ldzayer tṣ̣ewwer-d imukan yettwasxerben. ɣef lxemsa n tmeddit, anmahal (ambassadeur) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa yemlal d weɣlif (ministère) n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa deg Quai d'Orsay. ɣef lxemsa u xemsin n ddqayeq, anebdad (préfet) n yibulisen n Paris yenna-as i Useqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer dakk-n tikli-nni ay ssefran ad tt-gen i uzekka-nni tettwamneɛ.

26 Yebrir 1980 Anebdad (préfet) yemneɛ tikli-nni, d acu kan, ɣas ma yella Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer llan zemren ad t-ttehmen, yessɣer aqerru u iger-d tiɣri deg weɣmis (ajeṛnan) d ṛṛadyu akk-n ad d-asen ttekkin medden deg tikli-nni. 500 n yemdanen ay yettekkan. 400 seg-sen ṭṭfen-ten yibulisen u uwyen-ten ɣer Vincennes anda ay ten-qellben, weṣ̣ṣ̣fen-ten yernu gan-asen tisenta (fiches). Tadukli (Amicale) n Yidzayriyen deg Fṛansa tessegrew-d 200 n yemdanen akk-n ad smentsen (provoquer) wid ara yettekkin deg tikli-nni, usan-d deg lkiṛan ɣer Paris yernu llan ttuxellaṣ̣en s wass.

29 Yebrir 1980 Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessefra ad yeg tikli tasusamt deg wass n 1 Mayyu, d acu kan, anebdad n Paris yemneɛ tikli-nni imi "ay tezmer ad d-teglu s ccwal".

10 Mayyu 1980 Matoub Lounes iga abaraz (gala) deg Olympia (deg Paris). Medden gan ddqiqa n tsusmi akk-n ad msegman d umussu aɣerfan (mouvement populaire) deg Ldzayer.

12 Mayyu 1980 Tasdawit n Ldzayer tga asunded (grève).

16 Mayyu 1980 El Moudjahid yessuffeɣ-d umuɣ (liste) n 24 n yimeḥbas u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ad ɛeddin deg ccṛeɛ n laman n ddula deg Lemdeyya.

18 Mayyu 1980 Deg Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale), medden akk ttekkan deg-s (ala igniren [galeries] imaynuten n Ldzayer.

19 Mayyu 1980 Deg Ldzayer gan tameskant (manifestation) mgal n weqmaḍ (répression).

24 Mayyu 1980 Inelmaden gan timlilit deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, maca mmɣen fell-asen wid ay yessexdam udabu.

25 Mayyu 1980 Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessuffeɣ-d "Tabṛat yeldin i Chadli" sdeffir ma yessegrew-d 3522 n tekbabin (signatures).

3 Yunyu 1980 Aseqqamu agraɣlan n uɛiwen n teɣtas n weqmaḍ deg Ldzayer (Comité international de soutien aux victimes de la répression en Algérie) yessuffeɣ-d tasakbabt-ines (pétition). Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer sbedden-t-id s tidet u yessegrew-d 140 n tekbabin (signatures) sɣur yemdanen yettwassnen deg tesdawiyin d tẓuri (art).

21 Yunyu 1980 ɣef jjuj n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (CDDCA) akk d Useqqamu agraɣlan mgal aqmaḍ (répression) gan timlilit sdat n Taggazt n Leqdic (Bourse de travail) deg Paris. Gar yiberriḥen (slogans) ay d-nnan medden : "Ḥebsem aqmaḍ", "Brum-asen-d i yimeḥbas akk mebla ccuruṭ", "ilsawen iɣerfanen (populaires) (taɛṛabt n Ldzayer d tmaziɣt d ilsawen iɣelnawen". Akk tuddsiwin (organisations) d yemdanen idzayriyen d yefṛensisen yettwassnen ttwaɛerḍen-d ɣer temlilit-a. Ttekkan deg-s akk wid ay yesteɛṛfen s yimenzayen-a (principes). CDDCA, ASEP, UNEF, LCR, FEN, FO, OCI, FFS. Ma Djamel Allam akk d terbaɛt n Djurdjura gguman ad ttekkin deg temlilit-a. Ferhat d Aït Menguellet llan ttwaṭṭfen deg Ldzayer.

25 Yunyu 1980 Deg Tizi Wezzu, medden gan ass n webdad i lmend n yimeḥbas. ɣef tmanya n tmeddit, Tanegga n Tɣamsa Tadzayrit (APS) tenna-d dakk-n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia ad asen-fken tilelli takudant (liberté provisoire) i uzekka-nni.

26 Yunyu 1980 Teqleɛ yiwet n terbaɛt, deg-s aṭas n tkeṛwas, seg Tizi Wezzu, akk-n ad d-awyen imeḥbas-nni umi d-bran. Wigi, mi ten-id-ssawḍen ɣer Tizi Wezzu, gan-asen tameɣra.

Umuɣ n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia :

Racid Caker yemmut deg wass n 5 Ɣuct 1980 deg yiwet n twaɣit n webrid ay deg mmuten ula d tameṭṭut-is, memmi-s d yemma-s. Yella d aselmad amalal (assistant) n tdamsa (économie) deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Yettekka deg umussu (mouvement) n Tefsut n 1980 deg umazday (collectif) "mgal n weqmaḍ" (anti-répression) deg tesdawit.

Tiɣbula: http://membres.lycos.fr/cicbgayet/ch20avril80.html

Tasuqilt sɣur Omar MOUFFOK

1980 : Abeddel ameqran

"Tafsut n Yimaziɣen" n 1980 d yiwet seg tedyanin tisertiyin (politiques) timeqranin akk deg Ldzayer timziregt (indépendante).

Uqbel, tamsalt n tmaziɣt tella tenkeṛ-itt ddula yernu imassanen (savants) llan qqnen fell-as allen, neɣ ur ttwalin-tt d tamsalt ur nesɛi azal meɣɣren, d tin yeqqnen s afulkluṛ. D acu kan, asmi ay d-ḍrant tedyanin n 1980, tamsalt-a deg yiwen webrid kan tban-d u yegget fell-as wawal.

Timeskanin (timesbaniyin) akk d yimenɣiyen ay d-yellan gar medden d yiɣallen n ddula deg wakk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel akk d Ldzayer tamaneɣt gar Meɣres n 1980 d Mayyu n 1981 sseknen-d dakk-n wid yessutturen tamaziɣt ur llin d aggagen (intellectuels) imeɛzulen, wanag d ay-n yerzan u bɣan-tt akk wid yessawalen tamaziɣt deg Ldzayer.

"Tafsut n Yimaziɣen" d tin ay d-yemlan dakk-n medden ukin-d u bdan la ttxemmimen ad d-neṭqen, ad d-ssiwlen i yiman-nsen ɣef way-n bɣan deg yiwet n tmurt anda ddula tella tebɣa ad d-tessken dakk-n kullec deg-s yeddukkel. Uqbel, tasertit (politique), tasnakta (idéologie) d yedles llan s ddaw n umunupul n ddula yernu d tamenḍawt (consitution) ay as-iḍemnen ay-a. U deg way-n yerzan iles, ulac kra n tlelli deg tmurt imi seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-ines (indépendance), akk timenḍawin n tmurt qqarent-d dakk-n d "taɛṛabt ay d iles aɣelnaw unṣ̣ib (national et officiel) n tmurt".

Iḍrisen n llsas (textes fondamentaux) n tmurt d nitni sskanayen-d s lejheṛ dakk-n d ddula kan ay yettalasen ad teṭṭef asselɣu (information) u ad t-tesseddu s yiles ay as-yehwan. Tiɣawsiwin banent ugar mi ara nɣer tizzwariyin (préambules) ay d-uran i tmenḍawin (constitutions), d tid-nni umi qqaren "irkawalen iɣelnawen" (chartes nationales).

D acu kan, seg wasmi ay tɛedda Tefsut n 1980, lejyal n yelmeẓyen bdan la d-sskanayen dakk-n ugin ineḍfaren-nni (dogmes) ay yettwaḥettmen fell-asen.

D ljil s lekmal-is n yelmeẓyen, d imezdaɣen akk n Tmurt n Leqbayel ay d-yekkren u ssuttren "asteɛṛef s yiles amaziɣ" d u ad asen-tettunefk "tlelli n wawal".

D tadyant yesɛan iẓuran lqayit

Assutter n tmaziɣt yesɛa iẓuran ijehden deg wegdud, d ay-n ara idumen yernu ur yezmir ad yettussusem. Amnaɛ n usarag (conférence) n Mouloud Mammeri deg wass n 10 Meɣres 1980 d ifeṭṭiwej ay d-yessaɣen urfan yellan ffren seg zik-nni. Yagi, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, medden llan wwan u rran urfan-nsen ɣer daxel seg tezwara n yiseggasen n 1970.

Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu, yettwaldin deg 1979, tejbed-d aṭas n waggagen, teqqel d amkan anda ay ttemlilin akk wid yeɣran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ay-a yurar dduṛ deg ussenker n tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin). Maca ɣas ma yella d tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu ay yeqqimen acḥal n ledwaṛ la tessedday deg tmeskanin-nni, ay-n ay d-yesnekren medden ur yeqqin ara kan ɣer temsal taggagin (intellectuelles). Amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ḥulfan dakk-n terza-ten temsalt n ussutter n tmaziɣt yernu ttekkan deg tedyanin-nni. Yuɣ lḥal, seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-is (indépendance), ula d yiwen wass ur d-llint tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) timeqranin am tid ay d-yellan deg wussan-nni n tefsut. Ama deg Tizi Wezzu, ama deg Bgayet, d ledwaṛ ay qqimen medden la ttgen timeskanin (timesbaniyin). Ula deg temdinin timecṭuḥin, ffɣen-d medden akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara tikli n ddula (Ɛin Lḥemmam, Laṛebɛa n Ayt Yiraten, Dreɛ Lmizan, Buɣni, Iɛeẓẓugen, Amiẓur, Sidi Ɛic, Aqbu, atg.), ula deg tuddar.

ɣas ma yella kra n yimanayen (observateurs) ifṛensisen nnan dakk-n ala deg Tizi Wezzu d tama-ines ay d-llant tedyanin, Tamurt n Leqbayel akk tewlawel, s "tmeqrant", s "tmecṭuḥt". Bitt, tikkwal, kra seg yimenɣiyen ay d-yellan deg "tmecṭuḥt" (Bgayet d yeɣzer n Ṣṣ̣umam) ugaren wid ay d-yellan deg Tizi Wezzu. Aqmaḍ (répression) ur yezgil ula d yiwet n tama. Tubiret d Bgayet, ɣas ma llan kra ay yettwalin dakk-n txuṣ̣ṣ̣ timmuzɣa-nsent, uɣent tiytiwin ijehden ugar n tid ay tuɣ Tizi Wezzu. Akk-n yebɣu yili, ɣas ma yella kulci yebda-d seg Tizi Wezzu, ddula ur twit ara medden deg-s akk-n ay ten-twet anda niḍen yernu seg 1980 d asawen, teqqel tettḥadar tamdint-a d tmura ay d-iqerben ɣer-s.

Tamsalt n tmaziɣt dindin kan tefreq u tennul aṭas n tmiwa n tmurt n Ldzayer. Yernu d ilmeẓyen s umata ay tt-yettnaɣen fell-as, dɣa d ay-n ay aɣ-yejjan ad d-nini dakk-n amussu-a (mouvement) d win ara idumen u ad yesɛu azal meɣɣren deg uzekka n tmurt. Ddula teɛreḍ ad tesseddu awal dakk-n wid ay d-yesnekren tamsalt n tmaziɣt d kra n yemdanen ur nemɛin, ur nesɛi azal yernu "jjmen tallit n Fṛansa", maca ay-a ur yelli d tidet, wanag wid yennuɣen ɣef temsalt n tmaziɣt ggten u meẓẓiyit.

Amur ameqran deg wid irefden tamsalt-a dima llan sɛan s ddaw n 25 n yiseggasen deg leɛmeṛ-nsen. Wid yerɣan fell-as aṭas, amur meɣɣren deg-sen d inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée), yernu ur ttɛeddin ara i ɛecrin n yiseggasen deg leɛmeṛ. Akk-a ay yella lḥal ama deg tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) n 1980, ama deg wakk tid ay tent-id-iḍefren. Akk-a daɣen ay yella lḥal deg tmeskanin-nni ay d-yellan deg Nwembeṛ n 1985 : ixxamen n ccṛeɛ n Tmurt n Leqbayel ḥekmen s lḥebs ɣef wazal n meyya n yelmeẓyen ɣef ljal n "ccwal" ay snekren deg yiberdan, akk-n ma llan d inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée). Ljil-a n yelmeẓyen d Ldzayer ay ten-yesseɣren akk yernu ur ssinen ara Fṛansa ... ɣas ma yella nga-as dakk-n wid ay d-yesnekren timeskanin-a (timesbaniyin) d imdanen yeɣran s tefṛensist yernu ahat jjmen kra n zzman iɛeddan, amek ara d-nessefhem dakk-n ilmeẓyen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ay tessɣer ddula n Ldzayer ad ddun d wid yebɣan ad rren Ldzayer ɣer deffir ?

Yuɣ lḥal, tasertit-nni (politique) n usseɛṛeb ur tessaweḍ ara ad d-teqleɛ "ay-n ay d-yeqqimen" seg temsalt n tmaziɣt seg Tmurt n Leqbayel wanag d assejhed ay tt-tessejhed. Takti (lfekra) n tmaziɣt tuɣ akk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel deg lweqt ay deg ddula tella tugi-tt u la tt-tettḥaṛab seg lqaɛa. D ti ay d tiɣawsiwin ay wuɣur yessefk ad d-rren lwelha-nsen wid yesseddayen lumuṛ n ddula.

Amussu (mouvement) n tmaziɣt ur yelli ara daɣen yezmer ad yettwarnu, imi ay d-yenker deg yiwet n tallit ay t-iɛawnen ɣef way-nni, d tallit ay deg ikabaren (partis) uffiren (gar-asen FFS n Aït Ahmed d kra n trebbaɛ timecṭuḥin n uzelmaḍ) gren-d iman-nsen, d acu kan, medden maci d ikabaren-nni ay ḍefren wanag ay-n ay ten-yessewlawlen yugar ay-a. Yuɣ lḥal, ikabaren n tenmegla (opposition) deg Ldzayer qqimen d uffiren alama ay d tagara n 1988, yernu ula d yiwen wass ur ssawḍen ad rṣ̣un iman-nsen deg wegdud u ad yaɣ uẓar-nsen deg-s u ad idum, yernu ula d yiwen wass ur gin kra n tigawt (action) ara idumen akk-n ad qablen tasertit (politique) n ddula.

Akk iɣallen isertiyen (politiques) ay temneɛ ddula llan d uffiren, ur zmiren ara ad gen kra ara d-yawin lfayda ibanen, ur llin ara sɛan isenfaren (projects) ibanen, llan ttwaqemḍen (réprimer) dima neɣ sya ɣer da, dɣa ula d yiwet seg trebbaɛ-a ur tessaweḍ ad d-tban, ad tif tiyaḍ neɣ ad temneɛ seg uqareɛ d weqmaḍ (répression) n yibulisen.

Amussu (mouvement) adelsan amaziɣ yefhem seg tazwara dakk-n ur yessefk ara ad d-yeɣli deg snat n tfexxtin : tamezwaurt, ur yessefk ara ad yeqqel d uffir, tis snat, ur yessefk ara ad yeqqim s ddaw tecḍaḍt n yikabaren (partis). Dɣa, wid ay t-id-yesnekren deg yiseggasen n 1980, ssawlen-d s lejheṛ, ẓran-ten medden. Yuɣ lḥal, mi ara nwali ɣer ussirem-nsen, ɣer tmuɣliwin d uxemmem-nsen, ad nẓer dakk-n wid yennuɣen ɣef tmaziɣt glan-d s ubeddel ameqran deg tmurt n Ldzayer, snekren-d tagrawla (révolution) n tidet : medden qqlen zemren ad ssiwlen s lejheṛ, deg webrid, yernu yettwakcef-d weqmaḍ-nni (répression) ay tqemmeḍ ddula n Ldzayer s kra n win ara d-yessiwlen. D ay-a ay yejjan ad d-yekker yiwen n ljil n yimeɣnasen (militants) ur nettagad, d wid iwejden ad nnaɣen akk d weqmaḍ n ddula u ad bedden ɣef wawal-nsen alama d ṭṭerf. Zik, akk-n ad tessens urfan n medden, ddula tella tettaṭṭaf wid ay d-yessenkaren timeskanin (timesbaniyin) neɣ tḥebbes medden yettekkan deg trebbaɛ ur nelli, neɣ deg trebbaɛ, seg wasmi ay tent-id-sbedden llan yagi deg-sent yemdanen iqeddcen d yiɣallen n laman, maca, asmi ay d-yekker ljil-a amaynut n yelmeẓyen, tiɣawsiwin qqlent ur la tteddunt ara am wakk-a. Tiɛeqqayin n tmaziɣt ɣlint u mɣint-d deg yal tama, d ay-n ay d-yesnekren aṭas n medden, mi tensa tmes da, ad d-tekker anda niḍen. Yeqqel yimenɣi iban, yettili-d s lejheṛ, d imenɣi s ljehd n yiɣil ay yekksen tugdi akk d tsusmi seg wulawen n medden. Yekkes lweḥc-nni izedɣen medden zik-nni, deg tallit n Boumediene, asmi ay llan ttxemmimen dakk-n iɣallen n ddula llan deg yal amkan.

D acu kan, yessefk daɣen ad nẓer dakk-n deg 1980, ddula n Ldzayer tella la tettbeddil : tamettant (lmut) n Boumediene tessewlawel akk ddula d werkad ay tella terked-it zik-nni, yernu adabu (autorité) n Chadli Bendjedid ur yejhid ara akk. D ay-a ay yejjan ddula amzun temmehmeh, ur teẓri ara d acu n tikli ara d-tawi akk d tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin) n 1980, ladɣa imi ula d yiwen wass ur d-llint tedyanin timeqranin am tid-nni yernu tella ddula ur tebni ara fell-asent ad d-ilint. Tlata n wayyuren ay teqqim ddula ɛerqent-as, tikkelt ad tesseqdec iɣil (dɣa tiyita ijehden akk d tin n 20 Yebrir, asmi ay mmɣen yibulisen ɣef tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu), tikkelt, tɛerreḍ ad tessens times, am wasmi ay d-bran i 24-nni n warrac "ay d-yesnekren ccwal" sdeffir ma ɛeddan deg ccṛeɛ n laman n ddula). Taggara, ddula tefren ad teqbel tamsalt n tmaziɣt, ad tt-teddem u ad d-telhu id-s akk-n ad tezmer ad tt-teḥkem, yili uqbel tella teffeɣ-as akk afus. D acu kan, deg tallit-nni n ukukru n ddula, wid ay d-yesnekren amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ ssawḍen ad d-sseknen dakk-n tamsalt n tmaziɣt tesɛa iẓuran lqayen deg wegdud : medden gan sin n yisudiden imuta (grèves générales), llant-d aṭas n tmeskanin, llan-d aṭas n yimenɣiyen u qqlen yimenɣiyen-nni weɛṛen u meɣɣrit ugar sdeffir n 20 Yebrir. Seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-ines (indépendance), d tikkelt tamezwarut ay deg ara d-kkren yimezdaɣen n yiwet n tama s lekmal-is u ssawḍen ad bedden acḥal n ledwaṛ deg wudem n ddula.

S way-a, d imeɣnasen (militants) n yedles, amur ameqran deg-sen meẓẓiyit, yernu deg tallit-nni tella texḍa-ten tsertit (politique) neɣ akk-n kan ay bdan keccmen deg-s, ssawḍen ad gen ay-n ur igi ula d yiwen n ukabar aserti (parti politique) n menwala ar imir-n : bedden s lejheṛ deg wudem n ddula yernu idum webdad-nsen alama ay ḥettmen ddula ad testeɛṛef s temsalt-nsen yernu ad tessenqes seg teqseḥ n weqmaḍ-ines (répression).

1980 : Tadukli n waggagen* d wegdud

"Tafsut n Yimaziɣen" n 1980 tella-d deg yiwet n tallit ay tt-iɛawnen akk-n ad d-tili : imeɣnasen (militants) n tmaziɣt qqimen la qeddcen azal xmesṭac n yiseggasen deg yedles, ɣas s tuffra, imeɣnasen yerɣan aṭas ɣef temsal-a bdan la keccmen tasertit (politique) yernu tebda la tettwabnay cwiṭ, cwiṭ yiwen n uẓeḍḍa (réseau) n "yimeɣnasen imesmaziɣen" (amazighistes). Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, Tizi Wezzu tella la tettnerni s tɣawla, dɣa, sdeffir ma tella d tamdint yeqquren, teqqel d tamdint meɣɣren deg tama-nni. Deg 1979, tettwaldi tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu, dɣa d nettat ay d ssebba ay yejjan Tafsut n 1980 ad d-taɣ. ɣas ma yella timeskanin (timesbaniyin) n 1980 maci d aggagen (intellectuels) d yesdawanen (universitaires) kan i yiman-nsen ay tent-igan, maca tildin n tesdawit deg Tizi Wezzu d ay-n yuraren dduṛ meɣɣren deg tmeskanin-a yernu d nettat ay yejjan amussu (mouvement) ad yimɣur.

Amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ, asmi ay d-yeṭṭerḍeq, yelfa-d d ameqran, xelḍen deg-s akk medden yernu ur iṣ̣eggem ara aṣ̣eggem ay ijehden, dɣa d tasdawit ay yuraren dduṛ deg usseqɛed d usseddu n lecɣal n umussu-nni.

ɣef way-a, maci deg lbaṭel ara tɛerreḍ ddula n Ldzayer ad tessenqes seg ljehd n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu (imi ur tezmir ara ad tt-tekkes) : akk isenfaren (projets) n wesnerni n tesdawit-a llan ttuwexxaren, sneqsen seg-s inelmaden alama ay d ay-n kan, ttwakksen seg-s yinurar n usselmed s lekmal-nsen yernu iban dakk-n ddula tebɣa ad terr tasdawit-a d tarbaɛt kan n yiɣerbazen (llakulat) n yisuda (instituts) n usselmed aɛlayan, ay deg ur ttilin ara waṭas n yinelmaden u ad ifsusen i weḥkam.

Tafsut n 1980 tessken-d daɣen dakk-n tella-d tdukli gar waggagen imeɣnasen (intellectuels militants) d wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ay-a yesskanay-d ay-n gant trebbaɛ deg lɣerba seg 1965 alama ay d imir-n d ay-n yeddan d way-n yebɣa wegdud, yernu leqdic-nsen yegla-d s lateṛ d ameqran deg tmetti (société) n Tmurt n Leqbayel.

Werjin yewlawel wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel u deg Ldzayer akk akk-n yewlawel asmi ay sdukklen waggagen (intellectuels) iɣallen-nsen akk d wegdud, u d ay-a ay yejjan amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ ad d-iban s lejheṛ u ad yimɣur akk-n ad yaɣ akk Tamurt n Leqbayel akk d Ldzayer tamaneɣt u ad yeqqim akk-n ugar n useggas (seg 10 Meɣres 1980 ar 19 Meɣres 1981).

1980 : d tiyita ay d-yejjan lateṛ

Deg yiseggasen ay d-iḍefren tafsut n 1980, nezmer ad nger tamawt dakk-n amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ yekka ɣef snat n talliyin yemgerraden (yemxallafen). Talliyin-a mgerradent ama deg tegnit ay deg d-llant, ama deg tsudist-nsent (stratégie).

Tallit n Meɣres 1980 ar Ctembeṛ 1981, nezmer ad as-nsemmi "tallit yeḥman", d tin ay deg yella waṭas n leqdic akk d tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) timeqranin deg webrid (ama deg Tmurt n Leqbayel neɣ deg Ldzayer tamaneɣt), timliliyin, inejmuyaɛ yemgerraden, timsirin (dduṛus) n tmaziɣt (ama deg Ldzayer neɣ deg Tmurt). Yuɣ lḥal, imir-n, wid ay d-yesnekren u sseddan amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ dindin kan ukin dakk-n timsal n tmagit (identité) tamaziɣt d tid wuɣur d-rran medden lwelha-nsen yernu aṭas n medden ay yewlawlen fell-asent. Akukru n ddula akk d beddu n weskasi (débat) ɣef yedles deg tmurt n Ldzayer d ay-n ay yejjan imeɣnasen (militants) ad faṛsen tagnit u ad sdumen lḥeṛs ɣef ddula. Yuɣ lḥal, imeɣnasen ssarmen ad teg ddula kra n tɣawsa ibanen i tmaziɣt, ad teldi tiwwura u lxerṣ̣um ad teqbel ad tettusselmed tmaziɣt u ad yili unadi fell-as deg tesdawiyin n Tizi Wezzu akk d Ldzayer tamaneɣt. D ay-a ay yes d-yewɛed uneɣlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aɛlayan n tallit-nni, A. Bererhi.

D acu kan, dindin kan teqqel ddula ɣer weqmaḍ-ines. Tebda la tferren wid ara teṭṭef u ad ten-tawey ɣer lḥebs (maci d imeɣnasen n menwala) i wakk-n ad tesseɛreq tikli i umussu (mouvement) amaziɣ.

Asmi ay ifuk useqqamu alemmas n FLN askasi-ines (débat) ɣef yedles aɣelnaw ay d-yellan gar Yunyu d Yunyuz n 1981, iga-d timeɣtusin (résolutions) ɣef yedles, dɣa tebda tikli n ddula la d-tettban. Ddula tɛawed yefren ad tkemmel deg timuɣliwin-ines tiquranin imi askasi-a yefra-tt-id dakk-n tamagit (identité) tadzayrit d taɛṛabt-tineslemt. Llan kra n yemdanen seg wid yettekkan deg weskasi-nni, nnan-d dakk-n mazal zemrent ad ilint lemcawṛat ɣef temsalt-a (ɣas ma yella timuɣliwin n yemdanen-a llant beɛdent s waṭas ɣef tid n yimeɣnasen [militants] imaziɣen), d acu kan, d wid yettnaɣen ɣef tesnakta (idéologie) taɛṛabt ay yernan deg weskasi-a. Yagi, aṭas n yiseggasen seg wasmi ay bdan yemsaɛṛaben (arabistes) d yemsaɛṛaben-isenselmen (arabo-islamistes) la keccmen u la ttaṭṭafen akk tisuda (institutions) n tesnakta n ddula, ladɣa deg yedles, deg usselmed u deg ukabar (parti) n FLN.

Imeɣnasen (militants) n tmaziɣt ɛerḍen tikkelt taneggarut "ad ḥeṛsen ddula swadda", dɣa gren-d tiɣri i medden, deg wass n 26 Ctembeṛ, akk-n ad gen asunded amatu (grève générale) u ad ɣanzun (boycotter) aɣerbaz (llakul), d acu kan, tikkelt-nni, medden ur ten-ḍfiren ara akk-n yessefk acku, mebla ccek, ur yeffiɣ ara fell-asen way-nni deg tegnit-nni. Dɣa, iban-asen-d i yimeɣnasen n tmaziɣt dakk-n ulac d acu ara asen-d-tefk ddula, wanag taneggarut-a la tqeddec akk-n ad yeqqim kullec akk-n yella zik, bitt, tebda la tqeddec akk-n ad tessejhed asseɛṛeb. Ay-a iban-d deg tuqqla (rentrée) ɣer tesdawit deg 1981, imi ay teɛzem ddula ad tesseɛṛeb akk ifurkawen (branches) n tussniwin talsanin (sciences humaines) deg tesdawit. Dɣa iban dakk-n ddula tebɣa d nettat kan ara iḥekmen tasnakta (idéologie) sdaxel n tesdawit.

Seg yimir-nni, imeɣnasen (militants) n tmaziɣt ɛawden ṣ̣eggmen iman-nsen akk-n ad d-awin tikli ara idumen, yernu d ay-n kan ara yeffɣen fell-asen. Dɣa bdan la d-ssuffuɣen tisufaɣ (publications), ɣas sɛint ara ttesriḥ, maca ddula ur tgi acemma akk-n ad teḥbes afraq-nsent, yernu tisufaɣ-a llant d ttawil ay yes sseddan yimeɣnasen isalan (lexbarat) ilelliyen akk d weskasi-nsen (débat) ɣef tekta (lfekrat) deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Daɣen, sbedden-d yimeɣnasen tirebbaɛ n leqdic ɣef yinurar yerzan iles d yedles : dɣa bdant trebbaɛ-a la qeddcent ɣef usseqɛed n yiles amaziɣ (la d-bennun awalen itekniyen [techniques]), u ssawḍen ad d-ssuffɣen iqeddicen yemmuzzgen (spécialisés), werjin ttwagan-d uqbel deg tmaziɣt, am "Tmawalt n Tusnakt" (Léxique de mathématiques). Daɣen, bdan yimeɣnasen la ttgen timsirin (dduṛus) i usselmed n (tira) tmaziɣt s tuffra. S way-a, qqlen yimeɣnasen ur la ttnadin ara ad asen-d-tefk ddula kra, wanag llan la qeddcen yal ass akk-n ad d-bnun amussu (mouvement) ijehden ugar yernu d win ur nezmir ad yens : d idles amaziɣ ay izemren i yiman-is yernu yettuwehha ɣer yimal (avenir). D ay-a ay yejjan imeɣnasen ad d-sbedden tasɣunt (revue) Tafsut, ay yettwagan i lmend n tezrawin d weskasi (études et débats). Tafsut teqqel d ttawil ay deg aggagen (intellectuels) imaziɣen qqlen la d-ttarun ay-n ttxemmimen ɣef temsal n yedles.

Daɣen, yella mazal la d-yettili wembaddel gar waggagen (intellectuels) d wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel; llant aṭas n tegnatin ay deg ttemlilin am yibarazen (galas) d leqdicat ay d-yettilin ladɣa deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Yuɣ lḥal, deg yiseggasen ay d-iḍefren tafsut n 1980, tkemmel teddert tdukli-nni yellan gar waggagen d yegdud, u ay-a yettban-d s tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan deg yiseggasen n 1980, u ay deg tikkwal llan-d yimenɣiyen meɣɣren gar yelmeẓyen d yibulisen deg wakk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel. ɣef umedya (lemtel), asmi ay ttwaṭṭfen sebɛa n yimeɣnasen (militants) n tmaziɣt deg Fuṛaṛ n 1985, dindin kan kkren-d akk medden n Tmurt n Leqbayel (llant-d tmeskanin deg Tizi Wezzu, deg Bgayet, deg Yiɛeẓẓugen, ...). Deg umezwaru n Nwembeṛ, ttwaṭṭfen medden deg temsalt-nni n Temɣunt tadzayrit n yizerfan n wemdan (Ligue algérienne des droits de l'homme), yili tamɣunt-a llan la ttekkan deg-s yimeɣnasen n tmaziɣt s waṭas. D ay-n ay yessekren ccwal d ameqran u deg tgara, ixxamen n ccṛeɛ n tmiwa ay deg tekker ḥekmen-d lḥebs i wazal n meyya n medden ɣef ljal n ccwal.

Seg 1980 [ɣer 1990], nezmer ad d-nini dakk-n azal n 300 n medden ay yettucaṛɛen yernu yettwaḥkem fell-asen lḥebs ɣef ljal n yimenɣi ɣef tmaziɣt ama deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, ama deg Ldzayer tamaneɣt (attekki deg tmeskanin [timesbaniyin], afraq n tewriqin, attekki deg leqdicat d lecɣal yeqqnen ɣer ussutter n tmaziɣt). Ma d wid ay yettwaṭṭfen sakk-in bran-asen-d mebla ma ɛeddan deg ccṛeɛ, wid yettwaṭṭfen deg yexxamen n yibulisen, wid yettwaḥebsen tallit ɣezzifen mebla ssebba, wid ay d-ɣerrqen seg yiɣerbazen (llakulat), wid umi kksen ipaspuṛen-nsen u menɛen-ten ad ffɣen seg tmurt, wigi akk ur nezmir ad ten-id-neḥseb : tiɣawsiwin-a llant ḍerrunt-d yal ass, qqlent d tarutint ay nnummen akk yimeɣnasen (militants) n tmaziɣt. Dɣa, ay-a akk yessnakay-aɣ-d amek ay tefka temsalt n tmaziɣt iẓuran deg wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, medden qqlen sskanayen-d s lejheṛ tamagit-nsen (identité) tamaziɣt deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. ɣas ma tessukk ddula acḥal n yiseggasen n lḥeṛs d weqmaḍ ɣef wegdud, maca ay-a ur yessaweḍ ara ad yeqḍeɛ ay-n izedɣen deg wulawen n medden. Ccwal yekkren deg 1985-1986 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel yella d win iweɛṛen ugar n win n 1980, u yessken-d dakk-n medden ukin-d deg tama-a, yernu amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ yessaweḍ ad d-yessuffeɣ urfan n medden ɣer lejheṛ u qqlen medden, ama deg tmurt n Ldzayer, ama deg umaḍal (ddunit) slan s temsalt-a n tmaziɣt u ttḍafaren-tt.

Lejnas steɛṛfen s ljehd n umussu* amaziɣ

D ay-n ibanen dakk-n amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ ɛawnen-t-id s waṭas yiminigen (iɣriben) imaziɣen. Iminigen-a yekkan acḥal n yiseggasen deg lbeṛṛani yernu sɛan ttejṛiba deg temsal n tsertit, d nitni ay iɛawnen amussu ay yekkren deg tmurt n Leqbayel akk-n ad yemmager u ad yeṣ̣ber i weqmaḍ (répression) n ddula. Amussu amaziɣ yeqqel yesɛa ineṭṭaqen (porte-paroles) deg lɣerba, d wid ay yellan la ttxebbiren lejnas ɣef way-n la iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel : seg 1980 d asawen, teqqel tɣamsa (presse) la d-tessawaḍ isalan (lexbarat) n way-n iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel ugar n zik. D ay-a ay yejjan ddula ur tesseqdac ara aqmaḍ (répression) ameqran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel u tuwey-d tikli ay deg tḥuder imezdaɣen n tama-a. D ay-a daɣen ay yejjan medden ad qqlen ad ttarun neɣ ad ssawalen mebla akukru, mebla ma sneqsen ay-n ay ugaden ur as-iɛejjeb ara i ddula, u d ay-a ay d-ikecfen aqmaḍ n ddula, u teqqel tneggarut-a ur tezmir ara ad teqmeḍ medden s tsusmi, ur isell yiwen, am zik-nni. Azal n ɛecrin n yiseggasen ay teqqim ddula, yinabaḍen-ines (lḥukumat) yemxallafen, la tqemmeḍ, la tettakel ɣef yizerfan (lḥuquq) d tellyin, u tuweḍ alama ay d asseqdec n uɛetteb d tmenɣiwt ! Akk-n ad tefk lḥeqq i yiman-is u ad teg lecɣal-a akk, ddula tettḥaṛab akk wid ay d-yekkren ɣer-s s yisem n Tegrawla (Révolution) yessuffɣen Fṛansa u s yisem n yimenɣi mgal (contre) n temnukda (impérialisme). Deg tallit-nni, llan medden yettwakren, ttwaṭṭfen mebla lqanun, ttuɛettben mebla ma yewlawel yiwen u mebla ma faqent trebbaɛ tibeṛṛaniyin yettnaɣen ɣef yizerfan (lḥuquq) n wemdan u ad d-lhunt s temsal-a.

Seg 1980 d asawen, ttuwehhant akk teftilin ɣef Ldzayer, ladɣa ɣef Tmurt n Leqbayel : ay-n yebɣu teg-it ddula akk-n ad teḥbes tikli n yisalan (lexbarat), ur tessaweḍ ara, medden akk ẓran. Seg yimir-n, ddula teqqel teẓra dakk-n ur tezmir ara ad tkemmel aqmaḍ (répression) s tuffra.

Deg lweqt ay deg llant la d-ḍerrunt tedyanin deg tmurt, deg lɣerba, imeɣnasen bdan-d leqdic n wesḥulfu (sensibilisation) d ussaki n medden, alama ay yeqqel umussu (mouvement) amaziɣ la d-ijebbed u la yettqenniɛ Idzayriyen yellan deg lɣerba ugar n Tdukli n Yidzayriyen deg Tuṛuft (Amicale des Algériens en Europe), yellan, deg tidet, d tarbaɛt itebɛen ɣer FLN deg lbeṛṛani.

Daɣen, deg tallit-nni, bdan wid yessawalen tamaziɣt deg lɣerba s timmad-nsen la d-ttarun idlisen ussnanen (scientifiques) ɣef tmaziɣt, dɣa d ay-a ay yekkan ibeṛṛaniyen ad d-rren ugar lwelha-nsen ɣer way-n iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Asmi ay bdan Yimazɣanen (Maghrébins) la d-lehhun nitni s timmad-nsen s tezrawin (études) ɣef tmaziɣt, tebda la tettebɛad takti-nni (lfekra) dakk-n d timura « listiɛmeṛ » ara ijebbden lexyuḍ. Ay-n d-ttinin neɣ ttarun-t-id yimassanen-a (savants) imazɣanen d ay-n zemren ad t-amnen medden, d nitni ara d-yessawalen ɣef yiman-nsen, maci d wiyaḍ ara d-ineṭṭqen deg umur-nsen. Imi ay d-lhan id-s yimazɣanen (maghrébins) n tmura yemgerraden n Tefriqt n Ugafa, tebda « tmesmaziɣt » (berbérisme) la tetteqqel d amussu (mouvement) n uxemmem iḥuzan akk tama-a, ur yeqqim ara kan deg yiwet n tmurt.

Timmuzɣa* akk d tugdut

ɣas ma yella imussa isnaktanen (mouvement idéologiques) deg tmura n Tmazɣa (Maghreb) mgerraden, maca tella yiwet n tɣawsa ay ten-yesdukklen : Tamazɣa d taɛṛabt yernu s kra n leqdic ara yettwagan ɣef yedles, yessefk ad yeqqim kan deg tlisa-a. Ma d timmuzɣa (amazighité), ya tettwankeṛ maḍi, ya tettwaḥqer alama ay d ay-n kan. Win yessawalen tamaziɣt, imi ay yettwankeṛ am wakk-a, ur yessefk ara ad newhem mi ara t-nwali yettsuɣu-d : « Ala ! Lliɣ yernu mazal bɣiɣ ad iliɣ azekka ! ». D ay-n ibanen ad d-yini ay-a, d lḥeqq-is.

D ay-n ibanen dakk-n ankaṛ akk d tririt-agi deg rrif d ay-n ara iḍurren Amaziɣ s timmad-is, maca ay-a yezmer ad yili daɣen d amihi (danger) i tmetti (société) s lekmal-is, imi, mi ara tessers ddula tilisa am tigi i yedles, ad teqqel tmuɣli n yedles d tamuɣli tuḥṛist, d tin ur nettaẓ ɣer sdat, d tin ur nqebbel wiyaḍ, d tin wesdukkel n bessif n wakk medden s ddaw n yiwet n tecḍaḍt, d tin ay deg ay-n ur tebɣi ara ddula ad t-tekkes, ɣas yella deg yedles, u d tin ay deg ttin ledwaṛ gar ddula d wegdud : deg lweqt ay deg idles d agdud ay t-id-yettgen, ad teqqel d ddula d nettat ara t-id-yettgen i wegdud. Skud ur werɛad ur steɛṛfen ara yimezdaɣen n Tmazɣa (Maghreb) s wakk ay-n yellan deg tgemmi-nsen (patrimoine), werjin ad d-ffɣen seg ḍḍeɛfan d tiggunẓit tadelsant (sous-développement culturel). Ur yezmir ad d-yili wesnulfu wala tudert tadelsant n tidet mi ara tqeddec ddula akk-n ad ttun medden amezruy (ttarix) d yedles-nsen, mi ara d-tḥettem fell-asen (u ɣef yiman-is) lḥeqq d umezruy n tkellax, mi ara tbennu azekka n tmetti (société) ɣef tmucuha werjin nelli deg lweqt ay deg tejja ay-n yellan.

Ḍḍeɛfan ay yeḍɛef yedles deg tmura n Tmazɣa (Maghreb) u ladɣa deg Ldzayer d ay-n ay d-yurew wemnaɛ ay ttwamenɛent waṭas n tɣawsiwin seg seg wasmi ay uwyent tmura-a izurag-nsent (indépendances) : tamaziɣt teqqel deg rrif, maca daɣen, tettuḥaṛeb tefṛensist yellan, ama nebɣa neɣ negguma, d ttawil yuɣen aẓar deg Tmazɣa u d yiwen seg yilsawen igan leqran i yedles d ccfawat-nneɣ. Ay-a yerra idles n tmura n Tmazɣa d igellil, yernu qrib ulac akk tudert taggagt (intellectuelle) deg yimukan ay teṭṭef ddula. Axemmem yeddren, idles yeqqnen ɣer tidet ttafen kan iman-nsen beṛṛa i tsuda (institutions) n ddula, ttilin-d kan deg yimukan idergen i wallen n ddula, ladɣa deg lbeṛṛani. Yagi, maci deg lbaṭel ara naf dakk-n amur ameqran deg way-n d-itteffɣen deg yedles d tudert taggagt (intellectuelle), itteffeɣ-d s tmaziɣt neɣ s tefṛensist. Ay-a ur yebɣi ara ad d-yini dakk-n taɛṛabt ur tezmir ara ad tesseddu idles amuddir, wanag ssebba nettat iles-a, deg tegnit ay deg nella, ata-n gar yifassen n d wid yeṭṭfen tasertit (politique) d tesnakta (idéologie) n ddula.

Akk Imazɣanen (Maghrébins), ama d wid yessawalen s tmaziɣt neɣ d wid yessawalen s taɛṛabt, ala d rrbeḥ kan ara rebḥen lemmer ad ḥesben timmuzɣa d aḥric seg wayla-nsen. Asmi ara mṣ̣alaḥen Yimazɣanen wagar-asen u ad qeblen tikkersit (complexité) d tenḍa (diversité) n tmagit (identité) d yedles-nsen, ass-nni, tezmer ad teqqel Tmazɣa d tamurt n wesnulfu d unnerni. Tukci n wazal i tmaziɣt d ay-n ara yesqeɛden assaɣen (relations) gar uɣerman (citoyen) d ddula ay t-iḥekmen. Amussu (mouvement) n tmaziɣt d win ay d-yeglan yid-s s ussutter n tuggta (pluralisme), n weqbal n wiyaḍ, n tenḍa (diversité) akk d tlelli (liberté), ama d tin n wemdan, ama d tin n terbaɛt. Amussu-a yugi ad ttuḥettmen medden ad ddren s ddaw n yiwet kan n tecḍaḍt, tin ara tḥettem fell-asen ddula u d tin ay izemren ad tɣurr kra akk-n ad sbedden leḥkem amesbaṭli. Tabṛat n umussu-a tban, ladɣa deg Tmurt n Leqbayel : maci d ddula ara d-yesnulfun neɣ ara d-yebnun « idles » i wegdud, yernu ay-nni ur yelli d idles wanag d timucuha tunṣ̣ibin (officielles) ara qebleɣ mebla ma nniɣ-d acemma. S yisem-iw d aɣerman ilelli, ttalaseɣ ad d-iniɣ d acu ay lliɣ, d acu ay bɣiɣ ad qqleɣ u ad bnuɣ ay-a. Tamagit-inu (identité), idles-inu ur llin ara, akk-n ay d-yenna Kateb Yacine, d akaram (dossier) n lekwaɣeḍ ay d-tga ddula, d win ay tettbeddil akk-n ay as-yehwa, ma d nekk ad qebleɣ ay-n s tsusmi. Idles d ay-n ay d-tesnulfuy yal ass tmetti (société) tilellit.

ɣef way-a, amussu (mouvement) amaziɣ ur yelli d win ay yes bɣan Yimaziɣen ad ɣelqen ɣef yiman-nsen, d amussu uḥṛis yerzan kan kra n wegdud, neɣ d taɣelnaẓri (nationalisme) tamaynut am tid-n akk yekkan : wanag, assutter amaziɣ d win ay d-yuwyen taɣawsa tamaynut, d tin ay yugaren iɛeddan i tlisa n tmaziɣt-nni s timmad-is, d assirem i lebni n tmetti (société) ay deg tella tenḍa (diversité), ay deg medden mṣ̣alaḥen wagar-asen yernu maci d amnaɛ, aḥqar d wenkaṛ ara yesseddayen tiɣawsiwin n tmurt. Ad tili tlelli tadelsant (culturelle) d tlelli i yiles amaziɣ, maca daɣen ad tili tlelli i wakk medden, acku wid yessawalen tamaziɣt fehmen dakk-n ur zmiren ara ad ttwaḍemnen yizerfan-nsen (lḥuquq) s tidet u ad dumen deg yiwet tmetti (société) ala ma yella d aɣerman (citoyen) ara yeṭṭfen leḥkem yernu amdan ur itteqqel ara ittedder u itteddu akk-n ay as-yehwa i ddula neɣ i kra n terbaɛt yerran leḥkem d ayla-s.

Yettwakkes-d seg « Imazighen ass-a », n Salem Chaker (tiẓrigin Bouchène, Ldzayer, 1990).

Tasuqilt sɣur Omar MOUFFOK

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