Tussit

Azzelgi neɣ tussit neɣ inflwenza d aṭṭan amanṭaṭ igellu-d yis unfafad n tussit [ 1 ] . Isekna n tussit zemren ad ilin fsus-it neɣ d uzmiren (ujhiden) [ 2 ] . Isekna ayyi gan d tusut , azzug n ugerjum , tazzla n yinzaren , takma tamaẓwalt , tawla , amaẓla d utmelli . Di tuget n tegnatin, isekna-ayi d wid i d-yettneflalin seld n sin n wussan seg tefsert ar unfafad d unekcum-is ɣer tfekka w ad ṭṭfen azal n 7 n wussan i wakken ad kksen, maca tusut tezmer ad teṭṭef ugar n 15 n wussan [ 1 ] . Ɣer warrac meẓẓiyen yezmer ad yeglu ula s umuktu d yiriran maca isekna-ayi ur d-ttilin ara ɣer yimedanen imeqranen

Timukrisin n tussit gant d: azzug n turin, azzug abektir n turin d unerni n wuguren idawsanen am uneggaf d yibriren n wul . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]

Isragen (ssebbat)

Llant 3 n telmas n infafaden n tussit ttaɣent amdan, tilmas-a gant d: Talmest A , Talmest B , Talmest C . [ 3 ] Infafaden-a d wid yettenfufuden s wezwu d tusut d unezzu . [ 1 ] aladɣa mi ara ad ilin seg yistumen gezzilen neɣ meẓẓiyen. [ 4 ] , Akken yezmer ad yenfufed s tuṭsa (anali) n tiggiwin yummsen s unfafad sin akin ad tili tuṭsa n yimi neɣ n wallen. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] . Amdan i tuɣ tussit yezmer ad yessigem (ad yessenṭeṭ) anfafad send d seld n teflalit n Isekna fell-as. [ 2 ] , Asentem n yigem yezmer ad yili s ukayed n unfafad deg ugerjum, alɣuɣ neɣ inzaren akken illan iberdan d tirrayin tiruradin, maca imdanen imi i d-yeffeɣ ukayad-nsen d ibaw zemren ad ilin ddmen igem. Dɣa tella telmest n tsedmirt tanmezrit n Polimiraz (PCR) id yesnaramen (id ikeccfen) ɣef uzeffar aṛibuɣsan n unfafad, dɣa akayad-a igan yakk d usdid. [ 3 ]

Taggaẓt d ussuji

Asired n yifassen yessedras (yessenqas) seg umihi n yigem acku anfafad yettmettat mi ara ad yessemres (yessexdem) wemdan aserrad . [ 1 ] timelsiwt n unaffar afetkan d ayen igerrzen daɣen. [ 5 ] , Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa tessmagel (tweṣṣa) s wegzay neɣ acraṭ amseggas (n yal aseggas) mgal tussit i wid yettwafesren i yimihiyen meqqren. Tigezt d tin yettilin d tamellilt mgal 3 neɣ 3 n telmas n tussit. [ 6 ]

Acraṭ

Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa d Ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣilt ɣef waṭṭanen ssmetren (weṣṣan) s wecraṭ mgal tussit i yimdanen yettwafesren i wmihi am warrac meẓẓiyen d yimɣaṛen d yixeddaen deg tɣult n tasnujjya d wid ilan (yesɛan) aṭṭanen imezrayen am uneggaf d wuguren wul. Ma d imdanen imawaṭen izemren yettili-d ucraṭ ɣur-sen d amellil cwiyya deg usedres n yisekna yettemcabin agla n tussit, Dɣa anzaten (ttbut) ttɣananen tadersi deg yisig n tussit ɣer igerdan yugaren sin n iseggasen. Ɣer wid-ak yettnegririfen (iɛetben) seg wecraṭ itekksasen cwiya waṭṭan n wergal aberfaw maca ur yiban ara ma iy tekkes aneggaf . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ]

Amezruy n tussit

Deg yal aseggas, tussit tettenfufud deg tamiwin n umadal yakk. Ayen id igellun s 3 ar 5 n imelyan n tegnatin tinamsadin (qessiḥen) d wazal n 200,000 ar 500,000 n tegnatin n tmekkest (lmut). [ 1 ] , deg tamiwin tigafanin d tinaẓulin ttilin-d isefrurten deg tegrest s talɣa tagejdant ma deg yideggan isbegsanen d tamiwin id yezzin ttilin-d deg yal akud n useggas. [ 1 ] , Timekkest (lmut) tettili-d gar idrasen n ilemẓiyen ilan (yesɛan) uguren deg tdawsa-nsen d yimɣaren meqqren . [ 1 ] [ 3 ] , deg tsut tis 20 lfant-d (ḍrant-d) 3 n yirwasen n tussit : * Tussit Taspenyulit deg useggas n 1918 yegla-d s 50 n tmekkisin, * Tussit n Asya deg useggas n 1957 tegla-d s sin n imelyan n tmekkisin, * Tussit n Hong Kong deg useggas n 1968 tegla-d s umelyun n tmekkisin. [ 13 ] . Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa telɣet-d s usefruret d unfufed n telmest tamaynut n tussit isem-is A / H1N1 id yeglan s Arwas n tussit A (H1N1) n 2009 . [ 14 ] , Tussit tezmer ad tessemdu w ad taɣ ula deg iɣersiwen am yilfan d iyas d yigṭaṭ . [ 15 ]

Isekna d yizmal

Azal n 33% n yimdanen i tuɣ tussit ur lin ara (ur sɛan aran) isekna . [ 18 ] . Isekna n tussit zemren ad ssemtin (ad bdun) s tugnit (taswiɛt kan) seld n yiwen ar sin n wussan seld n yigem . Isekna imenza ttilin d aqiccew n weglim d ufray s usemmiṭ, maca ula d tawla tettili d timezdit deg wakud imizik n yigem s tseddart n teẓɣelt yettilin gar n 38° ar 39°C. Amur ameqran n imuṭan ttawin-d ussan n tudna-nsen deg wusu s usrag n wagazen deg yakk tamiwin n tfekkiwin-nsen aladɣa deg uzagur d iṭarren. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] . Isekna n tussit d wid izemren ad ilin d:

Ar warrac meẓẓiyen, Isekna n tussit ttilin deg unagraw amesgunef am beṛṛiṭ , Agaz n wadis (Isekna ayyi zemren ad ilin d inamsaden ɣer warrac i tuɣ tussit B. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Aserwes (ameyyez) gar n tussit d yidis d win imrayen (iweɛṛen) deg talliyin timezwura n wazzugen-a . Tussit d arway n yisekna n yidis d wazzug n turin asemmaṭ d igazen g tfekka d umaẓla d utmelli. [ 17 ] [ 17 ] [ 23 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ]

Mya isafaren inemgalen n infafaden d imellilen deg usuji n tussit ma ttwafken-d zik, ad yili d axatar i tukza (aɛqal) n tignatin deg wakud imizik. Akken i yezmer i tegrawin n tawla d tusut d wazzug n ugerjum neɣ asekfel n yinzaren ad sselhunt seg tseddi n twessna . Snat n tezrawin sseknen-tt-d d akken s isefrurten idiganen n tussit, isig n unfufed n waṭṭan yettugar 70%. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Ikayaden inamalen zeddiɣ (mazal) lehhun, immasen n usenɣed n waṭṭanen (CDC) di Marikan tetteffer agzul amsetrer i yikayaden inamalen n isnuda s unect n CDC, ikayaden n twessna taruradt tla (tesɛa) tanefrayt 50-75% d tulmist 90-95% mi ara ad yettwaserwes s yidles anvirus. [ 27 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] . Deg kra n tikwal, Tussit tezmer ad teglu s waṭṭan anamsad am wazzug n turin anvirus. Akken illan isekna ibanen am wemray n usgunef.

Anfafad n tussit

Tilmas n infafaden n tussit

Anfafad n tussit s unect n usesmel n infafaden yettwameggez d anfafad n ARN yettmag-d seg 5 n tewsitin n twacult n infafaden inezɣiwen uzmiren . [ 32 ]

Infafaden-a teqqnen kan ar infafaden n tussit n yilfan talsant, igan d infafaden n uzeffar aṛibuɣsan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n Maramixeros yettumeggezen d asrag (ssebba) imezdi i wazzug n unagraw amesgunef ar warrac meẓẓiyen am waṭṭan n taɣiṭṭ , akken i yezmer ad yeglu s waṭṭan yettemcabin i tussit ar imeqqranen. [ 33 ] [ 34 ]

Tettwasumer-d twacult tis 4 n infafaden n tussit igan d (Anfafad n tussit D). [ 35 ] [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] , Talmest-a tamaynut iga d tussit n tsita yettwasinfen (yettwaɛezlen) i tikkelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 2012

Igṭaṭ n waman gan d imsnugaten igamanen i tegrawt meqqren n tussit A, Tikwal infafaden-a ttenṭaṭen i telmas n iɣersiwen n iden, sin akin yessisrig-d s unfufed d usefruret id igellun s twaɣit i yiwuzaṭ imegruden id t-yessenṭaṭen s iman-is ar wemdan i wakken ad telfu (ad teḍru) tẓidmelt n tussit gar n imdanen. Dɣa infafaden A i yemrayen (i weɛṛen) yakk gar n 3 n infafaden n tussit acku ttaken-d Aṭṭanen inamsaden. Yezmer ad yili beṭṭu n infafaden n tussit A ar waɣanen d inawen yemgaraden s usizder ɣer tririt n tfekkamgalin i yinfafaden-a, inawen inmegzayen i yessentamen ar wemdan gant d: [ 42 ] [ 43 ]

Anfafad n tussit B yettaɣ imdanen kan (maca yezmer daɣen ad yaɣ snat n telmas n iɣersiwen: isifer d unessas ), Dɣa tussit B ur telli ara s tuget am tussit A, Talmest-a n tussit yesniffil s yisig n 2 ar 3 n tikkal s ddaw n telmest A, s usrag n tdrwsi ayyi n tuggta tasemgalt tettili-d tseddart n waffal mgal n tussit B deg temẓi, ɣas akken tussit B tesdeṛmis ɣer tfesna anda ur yettili ara waffal amaɣlal mgal-is, isig-a anamum (uḍɛif) i wessnifel asemgal yakk d tegrawt n umesnubget (asekref n tuddit n telmas s usemgal) s wakka ad yettwasegger (ad yettwaḍman) ur ttilin ara irwasen n tussit B. [ 42 ] [ 45 ] [ 46 ] [ 47 ] [ 48 ] [ 49 ]

Tussit C tettaɣ imdanen d yiqjan d yilfan . Aṭṭanen inamsaden gellun-d s tzitmura tidiganin. Maca talmest-a d tin ur nelli ara s tuget yakk yerna tettaɣ kan arrac meẓẓiyen s tefses. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ]

Tuddit d unfufed n unfafad

Mi ara ad yenzi (yeɛḍes) neɣ yusu wemdan yudnen s tussit, ugar n wezgen n umelyun n tfekkiwin n infafaden nettgen ar wezwu. Anṭaṭ n unfafad ɣer yimdanen irennu s waṭas deg wezgen n wass ar yiwen n was seld n yigem (akud deg acu yettili deg-s wemdan yessenṭaṭ-it i wayeṭ) ma d isig n wenṭaṭ yeflalin (ɛlayen) i wemdan niden deg taggara n wass wis sin akken i yettaṭṭaf azal n 5 wussan maca yezmer ad yeṭṭef alammi d 9 n wussan.

Tasensakrart

Isniflen isemhayen

Tussit tettawaṭ ar waggi-ynes deg tegrest , llant snat n tsemhuyin n tessut yal aseggas acku tagrest tettas-d deg sin n wakuden yemgaraden gar n wezgen agafan n tegnit d wezgen anaẓul, ɣef waya tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa tettaked isemtar (ttewṣiyat) i snat n tsuddsin yemgaraden n wecraṭ yal aseggas (yiwet deg wezgen agafan tis snat deg wezgen anaẓul). [ 54 ]

amezruy n tussit

Tigmayin (inadiyen)

Ẓeṛ daɣen

Imniren