Muḥemmed Waw Tegidda Kawsen

Kawsen Ag Geda (1880–1919) Yella d aheggar atergi d ugrawliw meqqren . Ilul deg 1880 ɣer tama n Tamazlaɣt deg y idurar n Ayer ( Niǧer amaynut ) , Kawsen yekka-d seg udrum n Ikazkazan amaziɣ , d adrum meẓẓiyen deg teddukli n Kel Awey , yexdem tagrawla mgal ucengu afransis i d-iskecmen iman-is deg yidurar n Ayer deg Nijer , deg 1916-17 . Ardekal ɣelluy-ines . Yerra Kawsen ɣer ugafa ; yettwaṭṭef yettwaxnaq seg yiserdasen iɣelnawen deg Murzuq , Libya .

Tawacult

Ilul-d deg twacult n Yikazkazen n udrum n wuru atergi deg ( Yidurar n Ayer ) n wass-agi deg ugafa n Nijer , ur neẓri ara adeg swa swa . Gma-s Muxtaṛ Kudugu yella d aɣella wis sin deg akk tudert-is , yedder kan yiwen n useggas ardekal lmut-is , yemmut deg tnegluft mgal Tubu d Fula deg tselṭanit n Damagram .

Tagrawla mgal Fransa

Yella itekka ɣer ṭariqa tasnusit taṣufit tineslemt yugin anekcum afransis , yexdem aṭas n tneglufi,n mgal acengu deg Nijer d Čad maca amur ameqqran deg-sent ur wwiḍent ara ɣer yiswi-nsent ; seg 1909 , yexser deg 1910 ihi yerra ɣer umalu n Sudan deg "Darfur" , syin yerra ɣer Fezzan ( deg unẓul n Libya , d agaz n tezmert n yisnusiyen ) Kawsen yemhel idermal isnusiyen war-ixxamen ( kra ur llin ara d itergiyen ) i yḍefren tasnusit .

Syin , deg 1914 tessawel ṭṭriqa tesnusit ɣer Lǧihad mgal ucengu afransis . Deg 1916 , bdann yiserdasen i yemhel Kawsen amennuɣ d unekcum ɣer kra n temdinin deg y idurar n Ayer . S lemɛawna n selṭan n Agadiz , zzin-as-d i temnaḍin i kecmen yirumyen deg yidurar n Ayer deg 17 duǧember 1916 , gar-asent Ingall , Assudi d Awedras ayen i yettwasnen ass-agi s ugafa n Nijer , leḥqen ad ssufɣen acengu syinna ṭṭfen tamehla i kraḍ n wayyuren

Lexsara d lmut

Deg 03 meɣres 1917 kecmen yirumyen s umḍan meqqren n yiserdasen seg unẓul seg temdint n Zinder ɣer Agadiz ; uɣalen-d yiserdasen ɣer Tibesti , kecmen yifransisen d temdinin tiɣelnawin armi yeffeɣ seg Nijer yuweḍ ɣer Fezzan . Dinna ṭṭfent kra n yiserdasen iɣelnawen n Murzuq i ykerhen tasnusit , xenqen-t armi d lmut

Awal n taggara

Ass-a itergiyen iɣelnaẓriyen ttwalin Kawsen d asaḍ , isem-is yettunefk aṭas i yitergiyen . Mazal ccfawat n tegrawla , d tmenɣiwin id-yekkan ardekal-ines d timuddirin deg wallaɣen n yitergiyen , ttwalin tagrawla-agi d aḥric seg usaru meqqren n umennuɣ ilmend n tiwin n tlelli seg ucengu , kra nniḍen ttawlin asaru-agi ur yekfi ara imi mazal ibaduten iwakuden ur wwin ara tilelli deg Nijer d yinurag-is .

Nezmer ad nessers tagrawla n Kawsen deg umezruy aɣezzfan n umennuɣ atergi mgal ccetlat n Sungay d Lhusa deg unẓul n uneẓruf ameqqran , ahat amennuɣ yebdan seg unekcum n umenkud n Sungay ɣer Agadiz deg 1500 AT , neɣ daɣen deg tarziwin timezzwura n yitergiyen ɣer unẓul n yidurar n Ayer seg tasus tis 11 ɣer tasut tis 13 AT . Kemlen yimennuɣen seg timunent , deg tegrawliwin titergiyin deg udrar n yifuɣas deg Mali 1963-64 , tidyanin n yiseggasen n 1990 deg Mali n Nijer , d tedyanin timaynutin yebdan deg tlemmast n yiseggasen n-2000 ( wali aɣewwiɣ wis sin n yitergiyen ) .