Teqbaylit

Taqvaylit (tettwasusru-d : /ṯaqvayliṯ/ neɣ /ṯaqbayliṯ/) d tutlayt i t-mmeslayen Yiqvayliyen n Tmurt n Yiqvayliyen , n Lezzayer , n Fṛansa , n Kanada akked wid n tmura-nniḍen n umaḍal.

Tutlayt taqvaylit tettekki ɣer udrum asnilsan i wumi qqaṛen zik n zik-nni Tabiṛbiṛt ; tuɣal Tamaziɣt ; tura sawalen-asent Tutlayin Timaziɣin . Tawacult tutlayant Tamaziɣt , tettekki ɣer twacult tameqqṛant Tafrasyawit.

Amezruy n wayen i yuran s teqvaylit

Adlis amenzu i d-yeffɣen s Teqvaylit d win yura Adolphe Hanoteau ɣef tuɣac n Ǧerǧer deg useggas n 1867, deffir-is d Auguste Mouliéras yuran sin n yidlisen ɣef tmucuha n Tmurt n Yiqbayeliyen gar n yiseggasen n 1891, 1893 d 1895, akked Bulifa i yuran adlis ɣef yisefra n Si Muḥend u Mḥend deg useggas n 1904.

Imir-nni, uran Yifṛansisen kra n yidlisen ɣef tmucuha d yisefra n Yiqbayliyen. Ungal amenzu yettwarun s Teqvaylit d win yura Belɛid At Ɛli deg yiseggasen 1940.

Adlis i as-yefkan ilugan iṛessan n tjerrumt i teqvaylit d win yura Mulud n At Mɛemmeṛ . Kamal U Zerrad netta yerna-d ɣef umahil n Dda Lmulud i wakken ad d-iṛessi ugar ilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-a.

Iseggasen-a ineggura ffɣen-d azal n 400 en yidlisen s teqvaylit, gar ammuden n yisefra, tullisin akked ungalen.

Taqbaylit asmi i d-kecmen Yifṛansisen ar tmura timaziɣin n Tefriqt n ugafa tella tettwameslay deg yiwet n temnaḍt meqqṛen azal n snat n tikkal tamnaḍt n Yizwawen (Leqbayel) n wass-a.

Seg tudrin i d-yezzin i Mila , teṛṛeḍ ar tid n yidurar n Lḥuḍna , idurar n Ṣṭif , idurar n Jijel , Msila d wezray ar Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a, At Wartilan , At Yeɛla , akked iderma n temnaḍt n Bgayet , n Tubirett akked wid n Tizi Wezzu d Bumerdas .

Imir Ifṛansisen ttekkan ɣef lquyyad akked ibacaɣaten akken ad qehren agdud. Kksen akal i wid yellan zedɣen anda yella wakal yelhan i tyerza, kra snegren-t, kra snejlan-t.

Fkan akal-nni i Lquyyad. Lquyyad-agi akked ibacaɣaten d wid yeɣran taɛṛabt , Ifṛansiwen llan lemden taɛrabt akken ad ttemyarun d lquyyad-a, imezdaɣ yeqqimen d aklan deg tmurt-nsen yeqqim-asen-d kan ad ḍefren almi i d-ufan iman-nsen ttun tutlayt-nsen, akken i asen-iṛuḥ wakal-nsen, ǧǧan iman-nsen tuɣ fell-asen taɛṛabt am akken werǧin mmeslayen-d taqbaylit. Ihi akka i teqqurmeḍ tjumma anda tettwameslay teqvaylit ass-a.

I izemren ad t-iḥudden ɣef ungar d tira akked tayri d wazal ad as-d-fken warraw-is. Ma tenger teqvaylit ad d-negren Yiqbayliyen, ad d-qqimen imdanen war idles, ad asen-teḍru am tebrikt yettun tikli n tyaziḍt, tin n tsekkurt ur as-tewwiḍ ara. Ttbut ɣef aya, ad d-iɣer kan yiwen amek d-gran wid akken yettun tutlayt-nsen uɣen tutlayt nniḍen anda yewweḍ wazal-nsen. Win i d-yusan ad ten-yenher am ulli.

Agemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit [ 4 ]

Isekkilen n ugemmay swayes nettaru taqbaylit, d wid n tlatinit, anagar sin-a : ɣ d ε , i d-yekkan seg tegrikt. Isekkilen yettawin aɛeqqa ddaw-nsen, nettaru yes-sen imesla ufayen, anagar ḥ . Isekkilen yettawin akafu nnig-nsen, nettaru yes-sen izegnaggaɣen imezgiyen n c d j . Isekkilen [o], [p], [b], nettaru yes-sen imesla yezgan deg wawalen imnekcamen n umalu, imesla ur nelli deg unagraw asnilsan n teqvaylit. Asekkil u , azal-is d win n tuget n tutlayin n umalu ( ou deg tefransist).

Agemmay atrar n tutlayt taqvaylit yesɛa 36 d asekkil :

Ilugan n tira n tutlayt taqvaylit [ 5 ]

Alug amezwaru :

Yal imesli(ṣṣut) nettaru-t s yiwen n usekkil, d aḥerfi neɣ d ussid ; anda yebɣu yili deg wawal, talɣa-s yiwet : – Ama deg tazwara n wawal : yezwar, zwir. – Ama deg tlemmast-is : tayri, Lezzayer . – Ama ɣer taggara n wawal : aggay, argaz.

Alug wis sin :

Imesli ussid yettwaray s usiknew n usekkil : tame ṭṭ ut, tame dd urt, taze mm urt, ye ṛṛ eẓ, ize gg er, dd u , kk er, atg.

Llant snat n taggayin n tussda : tin n tnumi d tin n tjerrumt :

Tussda n tnumi : Tussda deg wawal, nettaru-tt akken i nuɣ tanumi nsell-as. Maca tanumi-a temxallaf seg tama ɣer tayeḍ, seg taddart ɣer tayeḍ, tikwal seg umdan ɣer wayeḍ. Tifrat n wugur-a : d asegzawal ara aɣ-d-yemlen anda tella, d wanda ur telli tussda. Tussda-a, tella deg :

Ẓer: daɣen Tifinaɣ , Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt , d Tutlayt n Numidya/Tanumidt

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