Guy de Maupassant

Ilul Henry – René – Albert – Guy DE MAUPASSANT ass n 05 ɣuct 1850 di teɣremt n Miromesnil di Tourville-sur-Arques, ɣer tama n Dieppe, deg Ugafa n Fransa. Imawlan-is msebḍan mi yesɛa 12 n yiseggasen. Yesɛedda temẓi ines taseɛdit d yemma-s deg ugama n La Normandie , anda ixuleḍ at taddart uɣur i d-yessen tameddurt n yifellaḥen d yinsayen nsen.

Yekker-d ger lecḍuḍ d lberr, tesḥer-it tugna n waman. Mi meẓẓi, iteddu d yiṣeggaden ɣer ceṭṭ i tegmert, d ilemẓi inehher taflukt deg wasif n La Seine, yessikil deg Ugrakal.

Mi yekfa almud-is, ssawlen-as, yelsa d aɛsekri di tallit n umgaru ger Fransa d Lalman. Acḥal d tikelt i d-yebder tirmi-s n tallit-a di tullisin-is anda i d-isugen lfetna ; d lɛada taweḥcit, imenɣan ger yiɣerfan d tifrat n tkerkas ur nettwaqbal.

Mi yekfa wemgaru, yexdem deg Weɣlif n tegriwa ( la marine ), sakkin deg Welmud azayzan ( publique ) anda yettwali tudert tabiruqratit iɣef iqejjem di lehmum d lɛeqliyyat n yimdanen i yudes di tirawin-is tiseklanin. Ɣas akka, yeqqim d axeddam amedyan ; iquder iman-is, qudren-t yiɣellaten-is.

Segmi d-tufrar tullist-is : Takurt n Tassemt ( Boule de Suif ) , MAUPASSANT yebda tira deg yeɣmisen iɣer t-iwelleh Gustave Flaubert i yas-iseknen iɛewwajen n tsekla, yeḥbes seg uxeddim-is akken ad yidir d imserreḥ aḥrur. Bdan-as wuguren n tezmert. Imagraden i yettaru di tɣamsa, uɣalen-as d asluɣmu d tannant i t-yullen ɣef tira.

Di temrawt 1880-1890, yura setta wungalen : Une Vie deg 1883 ; Bel-Ami deg 1885 ; Mont-Oriol deg 1887 ; Pierre et Jean deg 1887-1888 ; Fort comme la Mort deg 1889 ; Notre cœur deg 1890 akked 305 ger tullisin d tmucuha.

Iweddeb-it waṭan n nnaqsa ( névralgie ) i yas-isewlellsen allen-is, yerna yesnulfa-yas-d amerɛun, ikemmel-as Syphilis, armi yuɣal yezzer di lweswas, yezga yettwali tamettant-is ; dɣa yeɛreḍ ad ineɣ iman-is weqbel ad t-tekcem tselbi d wekraf armi yemmut ass 06 Yulyu 1893. Yettwamḍel di tenḍelt n Montparnasse s tilin n yimeddukal-is, gar-asen Émile Zola.

Timmadit-is (personnalité)

MAUPASSANT, isebgen-d tidmi-s ; yebɣa ad yili d ilelli ibeɛden ɣef yikabaren isertanen, ibeɛden ɣef yiɣerbazen iseklanen d yiculen inuẓar ( courants artistiques ). Ɣas yettunebgat sɣur timetti tunnigt n tallit-is, iḥemmel agama, iḥemmel taywennit ( solitude ), iɣucc axaleḍ d wuḍan n zzhu n yinesbaɣuren. Yenna deg yiwet si tebṛatin-is :

Kra n wemdan yebɣan ad yeḥrez iman-is, ama d tilelli n tekti, taɣawsa, tudert, talsa akked umaḍal s tiṭ n umannay ilelli, ilaq-as ad yebɛed maḍi ɣef yenna-tenna. Ad yebɛed ɣef teflas d tesraḍ yettwawṛaten. Ad yebɛed ɣef uxaleḍ d wassaɣen n tmetti, ayen ?

Imi tuccḍa akked leḥmeq, neṭṭḍen amdan s zzerban bla ma ifaq ; ad yaɣ abrid nsen, ad yelḥu deg-s tikli-nsen, ad yettxemmim s ttxamim nsen.

Yenneɛtab seg yilem i yas-d-yezzin d wulac n tudert, MAUPASSANT, izdeɣ-it lweswas, hban-t wumran ; d ayen i yas-yekksen asirem n ḥellu. Yenna ɣef waya :

« Ẓriɣ g w riɣ-d iman-iw, sserhaben-iyi wuḍan iɣezfanen n tusaft.

Yettuneḥsab ɣur-s uḥulfu n teywennit d lmektub, di tedmi-s ur yumin tella leḥmala ger yemdanen ; wa ur ikeccem deg wul n wayeḍ, amsefhem gar-asen d awezɣi. Ayagi, yettban-d di tirawin-is s tmuɣli n layas alqayan ɣef tudert akked tmetti.

Taẓuri ines (art) :

MAUPASSANT, yeɛǧeb-as aṭas Gustave Flaubert, ababat-is aseklan uɣur yelmed asekfel n tilawt s ttfaṣil, yeskad amaḍal i yaɣ-d-yezzin s tmeẓra-s, _ tucmitin d tucbiḥin _ yesɛa tamuɣli tuzzigt ( spécifique ) ɣef teẓrilawt ( réalisme ) akked teẓrigama ( naturalisme ), d win yettxemmimen s tekdit ɣef ugama ideg yettidir, ideg d-yekker, tid i wumi ur ifaq yiwen weqbel-is. Yella d amdan yettḥussun mačči d win yettḥulfun. Yeqqar :

« Ɣur-i asugen asemmaḍ ilaw. Ḥemmleɣ ayen ẓerreɣ… ur sɛiɣ ara iman aḥulfan.’’

Taẓuri ines, tezdeɣ asugen ilaw n tɣawsa d tekli n wemdan akked tmetti. Ur yeḥbis ara deg usugen n yal amkan i yudef : agama d yinsayen n yimezdaɣ-is, timetti n Lpari d leɛceq ines, lgirra d lfejɛat-is…

Ma d isental-is i d-yettuɣalen s ṭaqqa deg wayen yura, ggten, gar-asen : Tayri d wassaɣen-is, igen d wemgaru, takdit d lexdeɛ, tigullelt d wayla, tamgerḍt d ttaṛ, tagmert d usgunfu, jjiḥ d tlawin, aman d yillel, tamettant d tselbi, atg. Maca, deg waya akk, MAUPASSANT, yemmug am unaẓur ; ur yebɣi ara ad aɣ-d-yesken tugna n tudert, maca ad aɣ-d-ifek tamuɣli-s lqayen yemmden, tin iqerben yettqerriben ɣer tilawt.

I wakken ad yaweḍ iswan-is, MAUPASSANT , iseqdec aɣanib asehlan d uweɛran. Tafyirt-is d tafessast tefses d leqniɛa n tudert n yidgan igellem. Maca, isental-is qqnen s initen d yinsayen n Fransa n tallit-is, ladɣa wid n temnaḍt n La Normandie, tikwal yuɛer, neɣ ahat d awezɣi ad yenfali wemdan ɣef tefses yellan akk di tutlayt-a s tutlayt-niḍen.

Ayen yura