Arxmides

Arxmides neɣ Arcimides (s tagrikit taqburt : Ἀρχιμήδης, s talatint : Archimedes [ 1 ] ), illul deg ahat 287 Uqbel Ɛisa deg Sičilya , yemmut deg 212/211 Uqbel Ɛisa deg Sičilya daɣen, d amusnak ed amesnulfu i mucaɛen maḍi deg Legrik tagelsant [ 2 ] .

Tudert

Arxmides yezdeɣ tuget n tudert-is deg Syrakusa (d tamdint tagrikit meqqren akk deg Sičilya ), anda yella d imqerreb n ugellid-is Hieron II [ 2 ] . Yella icɣel-d d inadiyen ussnan deg waṭas n taɣulin em tanzeggit , tasengama ed tmikanikt [ 3 ] . Yella yetturar tamlilt d taxatart deg aḥuddu n Syrakusa mgal yirumyen deg 213 Üqbel Ɛisa (yebna tinaεurin n ṭṭrad ), deffir irumyen kecmen ɣar Syrakusa deg 212 neɣ 211 Uqbel Ɛisa, irumyen i t-yenɣan Arxmides deg tamdint-is [ 2 ] .

Ayen yexdem

Arxmides yufa-d wassaɣ ger tajumma ed ubleɣ n takurt ed awlellu-is, yufa-d daɣen umenzay n Arxmides ed tafetlit n Arxmides [ 2 ] .

Ɣef takurt ed awlellu

Deg sin n yidlisen Arxmides yessken : Tajumma n ayen tellan takurt ( aqqaṛ -is r {\displaystyle r} ) teɛdil uqus (rebɛa) tikkelt n tajumma n tawinest -is tameqqerant : ( 4 π r 2 {\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}\,} ). Ableɣ n takurt yeɛdil sin n ttlut ( 2 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}} ) n ubleɣ n awlellu-is : 4 3 π r 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}} [ 2 ] .

Ableɣ n awlellu (i yesɛan llsas-is yeɛdil tawinest tameqqerant n takurt , ed asawen-is yeɛdel ukdu n takurt -nni) d yeɛdel kraḍ tikkelt azgen ( 3 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {3}{2}}} ) n ubleɣ n takurt -nni, ed tajumma n awlellu-nni teɛdel daɣen kraḍ tikkelt azgen ( 3 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {3}{2}}} ) n tajumma n takurt -nni [ 4 ] .

Umenzay n Arxmides

Asaḍuf n tasengama ad d-teskan : anda tella tafekka yebbeẓ (uzgen neɣ merra) deg amazzal neɣ lgaz, ittemlili-d tadusi s ukessar ɣer usawen, teɛdel azuk n umazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes s tafekka-nni, ed ableɣ n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes yeɛdel ubleɣ n tafekka-nni [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] .

F a = ρ g V {\displaystyle F_{a}=\rho gV}

F a {\displaystyle F_{a}} : tadusi n itekk-d nnig amazzal .

ρ {\displaystyle \rho } : tneẓẓi.

g {\displaystyle g} : ameɣlal n tajebda .

V {\displaystyle V} : ableɣ n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes.

ρ = m / V {\displaystyle \rho =m/V} ⇒ m = ρ V {\displaystyle m=\rho V} ⇒ F a = m a g {\displaystyle F_{a}=m_{a}g} ; akked m a {\displaystyle m_{a}} : tneẓẓi n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes.

⇒ m a g = W {\displaystyle m_{a}g=W} ; akked W {\displaystyle W} : azuk n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes [ 7 ] .

F a = W {\displaystyle F_{a}=W}

Tafetlit n Arxmides

Arxmides i d-yesnulfan tafetlit-is (tafetlit n Arxmides); d tnaεurt tella i wakken ad tessnekreḍ aman , d yiwent seg talɣiwin n ujeɛbub deg-s talɣa n tafetlit yekna akked tiɣmeṛt n ahat 45 n tfesniwin (45°) yebbeɣ deg waman ɣer yixef-is amedda. Amussu n tnaεurt-nni yessuli aman deg ujeɛbub [ 8 ] .

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