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American Doctors are the Third Leading Cause of Death
 
reprinted from 
http://mercola.com/article/index.htm
 July 30, 2000
 
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Doctors Are The Third Leading Cause of Death in the US, Causing 250,000
Deaths Every Year
This week's issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association
(JAMA) is the best article I have ever seen written in the published
literature documenting the tragedy of the traditional medical paradigm.
This information is a followup of the Institute of Medicine report which
hit the papers in December of last year, but the data was hard to
reference as it was not in peer-reviewed journal. Now it is published in
JAMA which is the most widely circulated medical periodical in the
world.
The author is Dr. Barbara Starfield of the Johns Hopkins School of
Hygiene and Public Health and she describes how the US health care
system may contribute to poor health.
ALL THESE ARE DEATHS PER YEAR:
* 12,000 -----unnecessary surgery 8
* 7,000 ------medication errors in hospitals 9
* 20,000 ----other errors in hospitals 10
* 80,000 ----infections in hospitals 10
* 106,000 ---non-error, negative effects of drugs 2 
    These total to 250,000 deaths per year from iatrogenic
    causes!!
What does the word iatrogenic mean? This term is defined as induced in a
patient by a physician's activity, manner, or therapy. Used especially
of a complication of treatment.
Dr. Starfield offers several warnings in interpreting these numbers:
* First, most of the data are derived from studies in hospitalized
patients.
* Second, these estimates are for deaths only and do not include
negative effects that are associated with disability or discomfort.
* Third, the estimates of death due to error are lower than those in the
IOM report.1
If the higher estimates are used, the deaths due to iatrogenic causes
would range from 230,000 to 284,000. In any case, 225,000 deaths per
year constitutes the third leading cause of death in the United States,
after deaths from heart disease and cancer. Even if these figures are
overestimated, there is a wide margin between these numbers of deaths
and the next leading cause of death (cerebrovascular disease).
Another analysis (11) concluded that between 4% and 18% of consecutive
patients experience negative effects in outpatient settings, with:
* 116 million extra physician visits
* 77 million extra prescriptions
* 17 million emergency department visits
* 8 million hospitalizations
* 3 million long-term admissions
* 199,000 additional deaths
* $77 billion in extra costs
The high cost of the health care system is considered to be a deficit,
but seems to be tolerated under the assumption that better health
results from more expensive care.
However, evidence from a few studies indicates that as many as 20% to
30% of patients receive inappropriate care.
An estimated 44,000 to 98,000 among them die each year as a result of
medical errors.
------------------------------------------------
Vabbč, siamo buoni, mettiamo qualche riferimento:
------------------------------------------------
 Related Articles:
Medical Mistakes Kill 100,000 per year
US Health Care System Most Expensive in the World
Author/Article Information:
Author Affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns
Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md.
Corresponding Author and Reprints:
Barbara Starfield, MD, MPH, Department of Health Policy and Management,
Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public
Health, 624 N Broadway, Room 452, Baltimore, MD 21205-1996 (e-mail:
bsta...@jhsph.edu
).
REFERENCES
1. Schuster M, McGlynn E, Brook R. How good is the quality of health
care in the United States? Milbank Q. 1998;76:517-563.
2. Kohn L, ed, Corrigan J, ed, Donaldson M, ed. To Err Is Human:
Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;
1999.
3. Starfield B. Primary Care: Balancing Health Needs, Services, and
Technology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1998.
 4. World Health Report 2000. Available at:
http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/report.htm
. Accessed June 28, 2000.
5. Kunst A. Cross-national Comparisons of Socioeconomic Differences in
Mortality. Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Erasmus University; 1997.
6. Law M, Wald N. Why heart disease mortality is low in France: the time
lag explanation. BMJ. 1999;313:1471-1480.
7. Starfield B. Evaluating the State Children's Health Insurance
Program: critical considerations. Annu Rev Public Health.
2000;21:569-585.
8. Leape L.Unecessarsary surgery. Annu Rev Public Health.
1992;13:363-383.
9. Phillips D, Christenfeld N, Glynn L. Increase in US medication-error
deaths between 1983 and 1993. Lancet. 1998;351:643-644.
10. Lazarou J, Pomeranz B, Corey P. Incidence of adverse drug reactions
in hospitalized patients. JAMA. 1998;279:1200-1205.
11. Weingart SN, Wilson RM, Gibberd RW, Harrison B. Epidemiology and
medical error. BMJ. 2000;320:774-777.
12. Wilkinson R. Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality.
London, England: Routledge; 1996.
13. Evans R, Roos N. What is right about the Canadian health system?
Milbank Q. 1999;77:393-399.
14. Guyer B, Hoyert D, Martin J, Ventura S, MacDorman M, Strobino D.
Annual summary of vital statistics1998. Pediatrics. 1999;104:1229-1246.
15. Harrold LR, Field TS, Gurwitz JH. Knowledge, patterns of care, and
outcomes of care for generalists and specialists. J Gen Intern Med.
1999;14:499-511.
16. Donahoe MT. Comparing generalist and specialty care: discrepancies,
deficiencies, and excesses. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1596-1607.
17. Anderson G, Poullier J-P. Health Spending, Access, and Outcomes:
Trends in Industrialized Countries. New York, NY: The Commonwealth Fund;
1999.
18. Mold J, Stein H. The cascade effect in the clinical care of
patients. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:512-514.
19. Shi L, Starfield B. Income inequality, primary care, and  health
indicators. J Fam Pract. 1999;48:275-284.
-- 
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Hoops! dimenticavo una delle firme da cui è stato tratto l'articolo:
Journal American Medical Association Vol 284 July 26, 2000



CUT CUT
It's normal, it's look like Italy!
Jole from San Giacomo

 American Doctors are the Third Leading Cause of Death
(....)
salvate le vostre vite! fatevi curare da vanoli!!
Marius

 reprinted from 
http://mercola.com/article/index.htm
 July 30, 2000
Ecco la copia del sito di un Vanoli americano ...anzi peggio dato che questo
tipo sembra davvero laureato...o almeno dice lui.
andate a leggere le stro...... le asurdit' che dice....ma va va...
Andrea

 
Per gli amanti dell'azzardo (tanto la pelle è vostra)
Un altro Dr. americano dubbioso (per qualcuno quindi assurdo)
http://www.cancerdecisions.com/


 Per gli amanti dell'azzardo (tanto la pelle è vostra)
....
non correte rischi se ci tenete alla pelle! fatevi curare da vanoli!
Marius


Quoting da schifo.
Inglese da far pieta'.

 ha scritto nel
messaggio news:uHPC9.498$%p6.3...@news.edisontel.com...

Per il "quoting" boh?
Inglese: Altavista -babelfish
Ciao perfetto!  Jole

 American Doctors are the Third Leading Cause of Death
E la novita' dove sarebbe?
Il dato e' noto.
E legato al clamoroso calo della mortalita' per altre cause, che siano
infettive, organiche o traumatiche poco importa.
Saluti.
--
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§ - Tesori d'intelligenza possono essere investiti al servizio
dell'ignoranza, quando il bisogno d'illusione e' profondo - Saul Bellow
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                                       ^^SpAwN^^

 Inglese: Altavista -babelfish
Si spiega tutto.
Babelfish dall'italiano e' completamente inutilizzabile.