Newsgroup: it.cultura.militare
Titolo: Navalizzazione in vista per l's-400

Si vocifera che nei cantieri di Dalyan in Cina sia in allestimento uno scafo
di una nave da 8000-10000 tonnellate atto ad ospitare una versione
navalizzata dell'ultimo sistema aaw russo s-400 o derivato cinese) la
versione terrestre dell's-400 utilizza vari tipi di missile: i nuovi 9m96e
9m96e2 di dimensioni ridotte e del raggio rispettivamente di 40 e 120 km più
il vecchio missile impiegato dal sistema s-300pmu2 cioè il 48n6e2 del raggio
di circa 200 km, destinato ad essere sostituito da un nuovo mostro di  400
km di raggio dotato di seeker attivo-semiattivo. I missili più piccoli
avrebbero una kill ratio di 0.7 nei confronti di bersagli balistici volanti
con velocità fino a 4.8km/s mentre poco si sa delle caratteristiche del
missile "grosso" (ancora deve entrare in servizio) se non che le sue
capacità nei confronti di missili balistici dovrebbero essere ancora più
notevoli di quelle dei missili "piccoli", l's-400 poi impiega radar ed
elettronica del tutto nuovi rispetto al vecchio s-300. La collaborazione tra
Russia e Cina in questo campo ha finora portato allo sviluppo del  sistema
hq-9 (in pratica un s-300 con sensori cinesi prodotto sempre in Cina)
spiegato a terra e sui ddg type 052c che dispongono di radar phased array
con 4 antenne disposte sui 360°. L's-400 in versione terrestre sembra abbia
suscitato già da qualche anno l'interesse cinese, si suppone che però la
tranche iniziale di produzione prevista per l'anno prossimo sia destinata
esclusivamente alla forze armate russe.

una lunga intervista al direttore generale della Almaz fakel che corregge
alcune mie imprecisioni sulla timeline dell'entra in servizio dell's-400 e
traccia un'interessante storia della compagnia oltre ad introdurre un nuovo
temibile sistema il cui sviluppo č iniziato quest'anno. La almaza ha
prodotto e creato tutti i principali sistemi di difesa strategica dell'urss
dal 1948 ad oggi: s-25 (sa-1) s-75 (sa-2) s-125 (sa-3) s-200 (sa-5) s-300
(sa-10)
Moscow Krasnaya Zvezda in Russian 04 Sep 02
[Interview with Igor Ashurbeyli, general director of "Almaz" NPO, by
Anatoliy
Dokuchayev: "Almaz Is Forging 'Supertriumf']
Almaz Science and Production Association [NPO] General Director Igor
Ashurbeyli lifts the curtain on the design of a fifth generation surface to
air missile system.
I admit that on the eve of the 55th anniversary of Almaz NPO named after
Academician A. Raspletin the conversation should have covered the newest
"Triumf" surface to air missile system, scheduled for fielding in 2003,
but...
Nevertheless, let us proceed to the conversation as it was.
[Dokuchayev] Igor Raufovich, it seems that the main effort in your company
today is focused on the completion of the newest "Triumf" surface to air
missile (SAM) system. The Air Force Commander-in-Chief, Colonel General
Vladimir Mikhailov, announced at the air show in Chkalovskoye for the 90th
birthday of our Air Forces that the current year will see the final state
testing of the "Triumf".
[Ashurbeyli] "Triumf" is our top priority, but it is not the only one.
Yes, the decisions of the national leadership for 1999 - 2002 identify the
"Triumf" SAM system as a priority of the State Armament Program. The
advanced
"Triumf" SAM system designed by Almaz - Academician Aleksandr Raspletin
Science and Production Association can ensure the air defense capabilities
of
all the Services in the Armed Forces.
Yes, experts say that "Triumf" can provide both air defense and
non-strategic
antimissile defense capabilities. Being the same size as the S-300PMU1
surface
to air system, the new system features significantly better performance
characteristics and is simpler to operate.
On the other hand, "Triumf" is no longer a baby; it is ready, as they say,
to
marry, it is ready for the crown. Presently the new surface to air missile
system is undergoing one of the state testing phases. And, as you yourself
pointed out by quoting the Air Force Commander-in-Chief, next year it will
be
fielded in the Russian military. I am more concerned with the design of the
new fifth generation surface to air missile system.
[Dokuchayev] In this case, let us define what coordinate system - excuse my
repetition - you put the famous "Triumf" surface to air missile system?
[Ashurbeyli] "Triumf" belongs to the "4+" generation, which is equivalent to
the U.S. PAC-3. "Triumf", let me repeat, will be fielded in a few months to
supplement the existing alert duty systems of the S-300 family. There is no
room for retreat. We have the defense order, the State Armament Program, the
edict of the RF president, and the statute of the Russian government on the
matter. So we are, definitely, going to implement these decisions.
[Dokuchayev] What will the fifth generation SAM system be like?
[Ashurbeyli] The fifth generation is a breakthrough, a new turn in surface
to
air missile engineering. The fifth generation is a completely new system
whose
specifications and performance will exceed those of the U.S. system being
developed under the THAAD program. The fifth generation means more than a
single surface to air system (such as, say, the S-300, "Favorit" or
"Triumf");
it means a multifunctional tiered system for point and unit territorial
defense that includes a number of fire engagement and radar assets, command,
control and communications equipment, electronic countermeasure
capabilities,
and so on and so forth. Thus, we are talking an integrated air defense
system
rather than a specific complex. This is what our developers are preoccupied
with today.
If you want to keep your place on the arms market, you have to constantly
move
ahead and lay foundations for the future, which has always been the case
with
Almaz. By the way, we had good foundations, for 10 - 15 years out.
Therefore,
today we need to be persistent in our efforts towards the fifth generation
air
defense systems.
[Dokuchayev] So Almaz is forging a "Supertriumf"?
[Ashurbeyli] If you like calling the new system this way, it will do for the
time being.
[Dokuchayev] Can you specify a timeline?
[Ashurbeyli] In 2003 we should start identifying what the fifth generation
system would look like, and in 2004 launch its full scale designing phase.
[Dokuchayev] We are discussing future prospects. But this timeline should be
included in the State Armament Program?
[Ashurbeyli] Absolutely. It should be included. But the Program says nothing
about Russia needing a fifth generation surface to air missile system.
Notwithstanding that the United States launched the development of such a
system several years ago. I find this, mildly speaking, strange. That is why
Almaz initiated a move to immediately start the development of the fifth
generation.
[Dokuchayev] Is this Almaz idea formulated somehow legally? The situation in
Russia lately, no matter where you turn, is all too many words, few deeds.
[Ashurbeyli] Almaz Science and Production Association drafted an engineering
paper that describes what the new system would look like, and defines its
basic specifications and performance. Having gotten the initial approval of
all the members of our Board of Directors, Almaz submitted our original idea
to the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern with the understanding that we will
need big support to be able to implement it.
[Dokuchayev] Am I right to think that the Air Defense Concern was
established
to facilitate the birth of the fifth generation? You are joining efforts and
intellectual power, consolidating your scientific and production
capabilities.
I know that you were appointed deputy general director for production
technology policies.
[Ashurbeyli] Generally, you are right. The purpose behind the establishment
of
the Air Defense Concern was the design of the fifth generation air defense
system. Remember the speculations regarding the standardization of existing
surface to air missile systems. As if there was no need to waste budget
funds
for different systems (we have the S-300P, and we have the S-300V); as if
there was competition within the country, etc. At first sight, it looked
true;
uninformed people agreed. Actually, it was just populist talk. It is
impossible to standardize what was developed and designed decades ago, at
the
time of the Soviet Union. Or, even if it is possible, it will be ruinous for
the state. It will require more money than the development of a new weapon.
The S-300P and S-300V SAM systems will continue their service in the units.
Yes, they will be modernized; and yes, their operational life will be
extended, etc. But these systems will never be manufactured again in any
so-called "standardized" form. What would happen, God forbid, if a really
serious military conflict breaks out and we need to rapidly increase the
number of the 300 series?
The same applies to the speculations around the "Triumf". The technical
competition between the two scientific schools, i.e. Almaz and NIIEMI, ended
with the establishment of the united Air Defense Concern. The "Triumf" will
be
fielded, while the centralized management of the concern will guide us,
together with our colleagues, the developers, through the designing of the
new
standardized fifth generation system. This is, indeed, a major state task
and
the Concern was basically called upon to deal with it. The Ministry of
Defense
will establish a single customer for air defense, or, if you wish, aerospace
defense armament and equipment. Possibly, it could be a separate military
service or branch of arms - more importantly, the customer should not
degenerate into a superstructure isolated from the real troop practices. At
the same time, we, in turn, as part of the Concern should form a single
contractor, and by the time the Ministry of Defense is ready to task us with
a
new system, the Concern should be ready with the organizational and
technical
backbone of enterprises to ensure their productive operation together. By
the
end of the year we hope to be able to make specific proposals to the
government regarding the design of the fifth generation system. It is very
likely to conduct a tender. The Concern enterprises will have equal
opportunities to participate in the tender and compete for becoming the
"primary contractors" of this or that component of the integrated air
defense
system of the future.
[Dokuchayev] Igor Raufovich, are you confident that there will be no
wheel-spinning, that you have everything in place to make it work?
[Ashurbeyli] Historically, Almaz has been the primary contractor for surface
to air missile systems since 1947. Our designers have come up with fantastic
ideas for their time, and many had thought those ideas unfeasible, but when
the task was assigned, the end was always accomplished.
It took 5 years (!) only for the Patriotic War-devastated country and for
Almaz personnel to transition from ground-zero development to the fielding
of
the insuperable S-25 air defense system. That was a labor exploit - an
exploit
of Almaz, its personnel, and the country that is now gradually being
forgotten, the Soviet Union. Four years later (!), in 1959, a new mobile
medium range SAM system, S-75, was designed. Two more years later (!), in
1961, the new mobile low-level SAM system, S-125, was born. Six years after
that (!), in 1967, Almaz demonstrated the new long range SAM system, S-200.
The 1960's saw the birth of the basic conceptual ideas for a multichannel
mobile medium range SAM system, S-300. These short timelines - from air
defense systems design to their combat employment - have not been challenged
yet by either the developed world military states, or by nowadays Russia.
So, the primogeniture of Almaz in the field of surface to air missile system
engineering is widely recognized. Now as part of the Concern we merged with
other respected Russian developers such as NIIEMI and Tikhomirov NIIP,
"Altair" and "Fakel", "Novator" and many others. And you are still asking if
we have everything in place. We can overturn mountains.
[Dokuchayev] Well, you have the confidence, the experience, the ideas. What
about the money? Let us be realistic.
[Ashurbeyli] We are realistic. Today it is very popular to speak about
exports
as a funding source for new research and development, but, in my opinion,
this
is a self-deception. Yes, the Concern relies on arms sales profits. But by
manufacturing already existing weapon systems for the foreign customers, we
let our industry into the vicious loop of reproducing past technical and
technological achievements. As years-long bitter experience shows, delivery
contracts provide no money for advanced research and development. I do not
believe either in the so-called "centralized" state funds for new
developments. It is just another "opiate for the people".
Of course, the Concern's top priority is not exports, but providing Russia
with a reliable air defense shield. The budget money allocated for this
purpose is, mildly speaking, insufficient, while the operational life of
most
of the alert duty S-300 systems will expire in several years. The number of
combat systems and crews has been threateningly decreased already. At the
same
time, the State Armament Program envisages a negligible procurement of the
"Triumf" systems in quantities that will be inadequate to ensure the
comprehensive defense of the country. In short, the situation is close to
catastrophic. But there is a way out. It is in the signing of export
contracts
for the development of new armament instead of delivering existing ones. It
is
no secret that we were encouraged in the idea of the fifth generation air
defense system by those foreign nations that are interested in the developme
nt
of integrated air defense systems to protect their own territories. We took
into consideration their desires when determining the initial look of the
system. The foreign customers are willing to pay for its research and
development. Money will be available, therefore we are confident that we
will
develop and design a weapon for both our partners and Russia, in the first
place.
[Dokuchayev] Igor Raufovich, but before you start developing a new weapon,
and
documents and technologies for another country, you need to think it over,
over again...
[Ashurbeyli] I take the hint. Let me answer you this way. Russia must not be
afraid of its foreign partners, if it does not perceive them as mid-term
geopolitical adversaries in territorial, demographic and military technical
terms. We already concluded a contract with one nation for the development,
let us say, of a component of the surface to air missile system. After many
years of negotiations, we got a major request from another nation, and we
are
currently talking things over with its representatives. Both nations are not
considered Russia's adversaries in the above stated terms. And our work
together will not be detrimental to our national interests. But all
speculations about "selling the homeland", as well as the never-ending
obstacles in addressing the issue of research and development for export,
are
either caused by stupidity, or malice, and only hamper our work.
[Dokuchayev] When will "Supertriumf" appear in metal? When will we be able
to
touch it?
[Ashurbeyli] According to international standards for new equipment, it
takes
10 - 15 years from the time of the engineering paper till it is actually
fielded. Almaz, as I already told you, has executed the process in shorter
timelines, and next generation weapons were designed for approximately 5-6
years. Let me highlight, however, the vast potential of the Soviet Union and
its military industrial complex at the time.
Naturally, the capabilities are not the same today. But we are not starting
from scratch. Over its 55-year long history, Almaz has accumulated a solid
potential of technical data, and manufactured a record-breaking (by world
standards) arsenal f technologies and know-how, and colossal experience.
Moreover, we have the firm foundation laid during the development of the
"4+"
generation "Triumf" system. Therefore we can say with certainty that the
system will enter the testing phase by the beginning of the next decade.
If, of course, we launch the work today to be able to keep up with the
Americans as the most technologically developed nation. They plan to enter
the
final testing of their advanced ŇHAAD system by the end of the first decade
of
the century. If we do not allow any wheel-spinning, I believe that we will
be
able to restore Russia's priorities in aerospace defense science and
technology.
Now let me direct your attention to the following. Russia's security in
geopolitical terms means first and foremost a reliable air defense. This
conclusion suggests itself based on the analysis of the military conflicts
over the past 10 years. The formula of warfare today and tomorrow is a
massive
air and space attack of the enemy.
Now there is a lot of talk about the greater role of aviation in
contemporary
warfare; it is almost every day that you can read an article, or even two,
in
the press regarding the development process of the highly demanded fifth
generation fighter. Yes, the aviation will have a greater role to play, but
let me underline that this will promote its offensive, its aggressive
capabilities, if you wish. However, the aviation cannot ensure a credible
defense against an enemy attack; it cannot stop the cruise missiles, for
example. Just imagine airplanes taking off from the airfield, detecting the
targets and assuming positions to launch their antimissiles... There is no
alternative to the fifth generation SAM system. It must be forged, and it
must
be forged today.
[Dokuchayev] It appears that the development of the fifth generation is, so
to
say, the top priority in the field of defense?
[Ashurbeyli] In my opinion, today we have two top priorities in the field of
defense: the development of nuclear deterrence forces [SYaS] with underwater
and silo basing in the first place, and ensuring a reliable protection of
the
airspace. This is the basis, the foundation for Russia's existence as an
independent state. Only by possessing adequately powerful SYaS and capable
air
defense, can we subsequently improve the rest of the military services and
branches, and the overall defense of the country.
[Dokuchayev] Having listened to you, I cannot help drawing the conclusion
that
it is no accident that the west used to call Almaz the "wasps' nest of the
Soviet missilemen"...
[Ashurbeyli] We are no "wasps' nest". We are a "diamond mount" that grows up
missile systems and complexes called upon to protect Russia's peaceful
skies,
and not only ensure the air defense, but the antimissile defense, and the
aerospace and geopolitical defense of the country, no matter what borders
and
situations Russia is destined to face.
[Description of Source: Moscow Krasnaya Zvezda in Russian -- Official
newspaper of the Ministry of Defense.]
Attachments:
v_KZ04SepTriumf.html
*** FAIR USE NOTICE. This message contains copyrighted material whose use
has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. It is being
made available without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest
in receiving the included information in their efforts to advance their
understanding of arms trade activities, for non-profit research and
educational purposes only. I believe that this constitutes a 'fair use' of
the copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the U.S.
Copyright Law. If you wish to use this copyrighted material for purposes of
your own that go beyond 'fair use,' you must obtain permission from the
copyright owner.
For more information go to:

un pò di foto e info varie
Il lanciatore con i missili 9m96 e i 48n6 montati
http://www.military.cz/russia/sam/s300p/9M96_48N6.JPG
raffronto dimensionale tra 9m96 e 48n6
http://forum.keypublishing.co.uk/attachment.php?attachmentid=34491&stc=1
In 1999 MKB Fakel announced development of new rocket versions 9M96E and
9M96E2. Development of these new missiles had begun in the 1980's. The
missiles had, respectively, masses of 330 and 420 kg, ranges of from 1 to 40
and 1 to 120 km, and altitude capabilities of from 5 to 20 and 5 to 30 km.
Both were ejected by a cold gas cartridge from vertical container-launchers,
the motor igniting 30 m in the air above the container. They were equipped
with self-contained inertial guidance with updates from the ground, and used
gas dynamic steering. Near the target they were capable of what the Russians
called 'hyper-manoeuvring', being able to turn 20 degrees in 0.025 seconds.
Trials showed the missiles had a 70% kill rate in intercepts of tactical
missile re-entry vehicle's, with miss distances of a few metres. This
extreme accuracy allowed a light (24 kg) warhead to be carried. The mobile
launcher carried four rocket containers. In the S-300PMU-1 variant,
launchers for the 5V55R, 48n6Ye, or 48N6Ye2 rockets could be mounted
interchangeably on a single vehicle. By the time the latest version went
into production, MKB Fakel had produced over 16 basic types of
surface-to-air missile, 30 modernisations of these basic versions, and
exported missiles to over 50 countries.
http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/s300.htm
Impressionante soprattutto il fatto che vira di 800° al secondo nella fase
finale dell'intercettazione