Newsgroup: it.hobby.viaggi
Titolo: sud africa

Domanda: qualcuno sa dirmi se il vaccino antimalarico in sudafrica sia
obbligatorio, cosnigliato pppure facoltativo?
Grazie.

obbligatorio, cosnigliato pppure facoltativo?
Non esiste nessun obbligo di legge solo una sana cautela
Transmission and Symptoms
Malaria is a serious disease that is transmitted to humans by the bite
of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms may include fever
and flu-like illness, including chills, headache, muscle aches, and
fatigue. Malaria may cause anemia and jaundice. Plasmodium falciparum
infections, if not promptly treated, may cause kidney failure, coma,
and death. Malaria can often be prevented by using antimalarial drugs
and by using personal protection measures to prevent mosquito bites.
However, in spite of all protective measures, travelers may still
develop malaria.
Malaria symptoms will occur at least 7 to 9 days after being bitten by
an infected mosquito. Fever in the first week of travel in a
malaria-risk area is unlikely to be malaria; however, any fever should
be promptly evaluated.
Travelers who become ill with a fever or flu-like illness while
traveling in a malaria-risk area and up to 1 year after returning home
should seek prompt medical attention and should tell the physician
their travel history.
Malaria Risk by Country
 South Africa: risk in the low altitude areas of the Mpumalanga
Province (including Kruger National Park), Northern Province, and
northeastern KwaZulu-Natal as far south as the Tugela River. 
Prevention
Travelers to Southern Africa should take one of the following
antimalarial drugs: mefloquine, doxycycline, or Malarone™. 
Mefloquine
Directions for use
The adult dosage is 250 mg salt (one tablet) once a week. 
Take the first dose of mefloquine 1 week before arrival in the
malaria-risk area. 
Take mefloquine once a week, on the same day each week, while in the
malaria-risk area. 
Take mefloquine once a week for 4 weeks after leaving the malaria-risk
area. 
Mefloquine should be taken on a full stomach, for example, after
dinner. 
Mefloquine side effects and warnings
Mefloquine is usually well-tolerated; however, side effects can occur.
The most commonly reported minor side effects include headache,
nausea, dizziness, difficulty sleeping, anxiety, vivid dreams, and
visual disturbances. Mefloquine has rarely been reported to cause
serious side effects, such as seizures, depression, and psychosis.
Mefloquine should be used with caution in persons with psychiatric
disturbances. Minor side effects usually do not require stopping the
drug. Travelers who have serious side effects should see a health care
provider.
Do NOT take mefloquine if you have
Ever had an allergic reaction to mefloquine; 
Epilepsy or other seizure disorders; 
Active depression or a history of psychosis 
Been diagnosed or treated for an irregular heart beat. 
Doxycycline
Directions for use
The adult dosage is 100 mg once a day. 
Take the first dose of doxycycline 1 or 2 days before arrival in the
malaria-risk area. 
Take doxycycline once a day, at the same time each day, while in the
malaria-risk area. 
Take doxycycline once a day for 4 weeks after leaving the malaria-risk
area. 
Doxycycline side effects and warnings
Taking doxycycline may cause travelers to sunburn faster than normal.
To prevent sunburn, avoid midday sun, wear a high-SPF sunblock, wear
long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and a hat. 
Take doxycycline on a full stomach to lessen nausea; do not lie down
for 1 hour after taking the drug to prevent reflux of the drug
(backing up into the esophagus). 
Women who use doxycycline may develop a vaginal yeast infection. Take
an over-the-counter yeast medication with you on your trip for use if
vaginal itching or discharge develops. 
Do NOT take doxycycline if you are pregnant.
Do NOT give doxycycline to children under the age of 8; teeth may
become permanently stained.
Malarone™
Malarone is a combination of two drugs (atovaquone and proguanil).
Directions for use
The adult dosage is 1 adult tablet (250 mg atovaquone/100 mg
proguanil) once a day. 
Take the first dose of Malarone 1 to 2 days before travel to the
malaria-risk area. 
Take Malarone once a day during travel in the malaria-risk area. 
Take Malarone once a day for 7 days after leaving the malaria-risk
area. 
Take the dose at the same time each day with food or milk. 
Malarone Side Effects and Warnings
Although side effects are rare, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and
headache can occur.
Malarone should not be taken by patients with severe renal impairment.
Pregnant women or women breast-feeding infants weighing less than 11
kg (24 lbs) should not take Malarone to prevent malaria.
For additional information on malaria, please see the following:
Malaria: General Information 
Preventing Insect Bites
Protect yourself from mosquito bites. Prevent mosquito bites by
wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants; apply insect repellent to
exposed skin. Mosquitoes that transmit malaria bite between dusk and
dawn. Use insect repellents that contain DEET.
When using repellent with DEET, follow these precautions:
Read and follow the directions and precautions on the product label. 
Use only when outdoors and wash skin with soap and water after coming
indoors. 
Do not breathe in, swallow, or get into the eyes. 
Do not put on wounds or broken skin. 
DEET concentrations between 30% to 35% provide effective protection
and may be used on adults and children. 
Timed-release DEET products may have a longer repellent effect. 
Protect infants by using a carrier draped with mosquito netting with
an elastic edge for a tight fit. 
Children under 10 years old should not apply insect repellent
themselves. Do not apply to young children's hands or around eyes and
mouth. 
Travelers should use a pyrethroid-containing flying-insect spray in
living and sleeping areas during evening and nighttime hours. In
addition, travelers not staying in well-screened or air-conditioned
rooms should take additional precautions, including sleeping under
mosquito netting (bed nets). Bed nets sprayed with the insecticide
permethrin are more effective. In the United States, permethrin is
available as a spray or liquid to treat clothes and bed nets. Bed nets
may be purchased that have already been treated with permethrin.
Permethrin or another insecticide, deltamethrin, may be purchased
overseas to treat nets and clothes.
For more travel health information:
View CDC’s Travelers' Health Website at 
http://www.cdc.gov/travel
. 
vincio :-)
-    
      /\
     / *\
    /* * \
   / * *  \
  /---||---\ 
_________________________________________
(riproduzione riservata)
Dice il saggio: tutto è bene ciò che finisce bene
UTM 33S 557913 4217695   
http://www.stop-it.org

 obbligatorio, cosnigliato pppure facoltativo?
Non esiste nessun obbligo e io non l'ho fatta.
--
Ciao XM
www.marcosanti.it