Newsgroup: it.cultura.linguistica.inglese
Titolo: Another English book

To the lighthouse, by Virginia Woolf
Has anyone already read it?

 Has anyone already read it?
Sě, tanti anni fa.
Io l'ho trovato palloso, ma dipende dai tuoi gusti.
E' del genere "stream of consciousness". Non facile, direi.
--  
Mary

 E' del genere "stream of consciousness". Non facile, direi.
I haven't read it yet, though I certainly will. I think "stream of
consciousness" books can be easier than other sorts of books as you don't
have to look up many words. For instance, I think Jane Austen is easier
than Conrad, which I'm now reading. Conrad makes lots of concrete
descriptions, while Austen is about reasoning, reflections.
Bye, FB
-- 
Mrs. Palmer, in her way, was equally angry. 'She was determined to drop his
acquaintance immediately, and she was very thankful that she had never been
acquainted with him at all'.

 Wouldn't it have been more proper to write "has anyone read it yet?"?
Given the age of the book, and the fame of the author,
I don't think either makes a lot of sense. If the book 
were "A Hat Full of Sky" by Terry Pratchett, "Has anyone
read it yet?" would be a reasonable question. "Has anyone
already read it?" doesn't feel like the way I'd ask the question.
I might ask "Have you already read it?" of a single person if 
that person seemed
familiar with the contents of A Hat Full of Sky even
though it was only published a few days ago.
-- 
Posted via Mailgate.ORG Server - 
http://www.Mailgate.ORG

 E' del genere "stream of consciousness". Non facile, direi.
dalle prime pagine, sbaglio o contiene molti termini tecnici
navali?
comunque dalle prime pagine non piace tanto neanche a me...

 I don't think either makes a lot of sense.
So, "have you (ever) read it?", or "who has read it?", or "has anybody read
it?"? By the way, in Italian "l'hai già letto?" is * as illogical.
* is "just" compulsory?
Ciao, FB
-- 
L'importante è che risplenda tu, sola primadonna e immarcescibile leggenda
del tuo pianerottolo.
Lucangel

 Wouldn't it have been more proper to write "has anyone read it yet?"?
 
They're both "proper" (although the first version is a bit unnatural) but 
I would simply ask "Has anyone read it?"
-- 
I am Joey's Cat
Un-not my address, too, if you wanna reply.

 * is "just" compulsory?
Yes.
-- 
Mary

 * is "just" compulsory?
 
Not compulsory; it would intensify the thought, though.


 Yes.
I don't think it is a "pondian thing". I wanted to say "è altrettanto
illogico". I tend to agree with Joey, as I've already read something like
"I should certainly like a present from a person as kind <nessun termine di
paragone>" (I've invented this sentence, but I'm pretty sure I've read lots
of these sentences in... in... J.A.), that is "Gradirei senz'altro un
regalo da una persona tanto gentile".


 Wouldn't it have been more proper to write "has anyone read it yet?"?
both are correct, the only difference your version sounds better.


I read it at school ages ago. It's the most boring book I've ever
read, actually.
If you like the gender, perhaps you'll appreciate it though.
Bye!
C.
Please correct my English. Thanks

 If you like the gender, perhaps you'll appreciate it though.
The gender of whom, the authoress? Just kidding, 'gender' in inglese does
not have the full range of meaning of 'genere' in Italian. In this case
English speaker use the French 'genre' or simply 'type of book'.

 English speaker use the French 'genre' or simply 'type of book'.
A typo: English speakers use


Another typo: 'gender' in English

Io l'ho trovato palloso, ma dipende dai tuoi gusti.
Io ho dovuto leggerlo: una noia mortale.
Sebastiano

 not have the full range of meaning of 'genere' in Italian.
And, by the way, "genere" does not mean "gender"... The two words just
sound alike.
Bye, FB


 Io ho dovuto leggerlo: una noia mortale.
docente di inglese: "Compralo, ti piacerà sicuramente!"
...
ora cosa dovrei dirle secondo te? :)
da quanto ho letto non mi piace proprio...
come di consueto mi cospargo il capo di cenere e vi chiedo i titoli dei
vostri libri preferiti :)

 da quanto ho letto non mi piace proprio...
-- 
(T)EFL online communities
http://groups.msn.com/TEFL

 Wouldn't it have been more proper to write "has anyone read it yet?"?
We'd say more simply: "Has anyone read it?"
But I must say, what a dreary old lot of titles, all very worthy but
hardly exciting. I'd go for genre that interests the reader.
Thrillers, crime novels, or even cowboys ones...
I've read Maigret in italiano and I figure I've understood enough to
know who did the crime and why. I wouldn't read Tolkein unless in
Italy :) 
I have yet to read any by Virginia Woolf or DH Lawrence. I mean,
they're all sooooo old ...
hehe
-- 
              O      __
      ___   /\     / / O  
     /__ \   | \   /  |
    O  /  \ /   \./   |       Loki
        |________ |
 

 wrote:

Thank you.
Gender is a so called "false friend" I suppose
:-)

 C.
I think you mean 'genre' , not 'gender'. :-) . I'm glad someone's
read it to save me the trouble. :-)) terry Pratchett isn't boring,
neither is Ms Evanovich.


terry Pratchett isn't boring,
Y'rite, but it's not that easy, it's full of wyrd words. :)
Sebastiano

 Italy :) 
Smith of Wootton Major is a short story, so it's not remotely
the undertaking that LOTR is.


 da quanto ho letto non mi piace proprio...
Ma come, non lo sai che la gente di Cultura legge libri pallosi e se li fa
piacere? :)
Luoghi comuni a parte, non è obbligatorio che ti piaccia la Woolf, ma se
devi dire qualcosa al docente di inglese, "non mi piace proprio" non è
sufficiente. Puoi dire quello che pensi, e se hai a che fare con una
persona intelligente, questa lo apprezzerà; l'importante è che la tua
critica sia articolata. Dire "non mi piace" è facilissimo; un po' più
impegnativo (ma doveroso) spiegare il perché.
Qualcuno ti ha già consigliato Dr. Jekjll and Mr Hyde di R.L. Stevenson?
-- 
Ciao,
Anna

vostri libri preferiti :)
Ah, è un casino. :)
In ordine sparso:
The Lord of the Rings di J.R.R. Tolkien
Bright Lights, Big City di Jay McInerney
I libri di Discworld di Terry Pratchett aka Pterry. ;)
The Hobbit di J.R.R. Tolkien
Harry Potter and... della Rowling. (tutti e cinque)
A Game of Thrones di G.R.R. Martin (e sicuramente anche i successivi)
La saga di Guardians of the Flame di Joel Rosenberg
Il ciclo di Belgariad e Malloreon di David Eddings
Tutto Shannara di Terry Brooks
Tutto Landover di Terry Brooks
The Silmarillion di J.R.R. Tolkien
Foundation di Asimov (tutto)
Ivanhoe di Walter Scott
Robinson Crusoe di Daniel Defoe
E ora sto adorando The Catcher in the Rye di Salinger.
Sebastiano

Qualcuno ti ha già consigliato Dr. Jekjll and Mr Hyde di R.L. Stevenson?
Vero!
Sebastiano

 vostri libri preferiti :)
I miei libri preferiti potrebbero non piacerti affatto, ovviamente.
Comunque:
J.R.R. Tolkien: Smith of Wootton Major
Orson Scott Card: Ender's Game, Speaker for the Dead, Seventh Son
Mark Haddon: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
Berkelamp/Conway/Guy: Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays
Raymond Smullyan: What is the Name of this Book?, Forever Undecided
Philippa Pearce: Tom's Midnight Garden
E.B. White: Charlotte's Web
Daniel Keyes: Flowers for Algernon
Neal Stephenson: Snow Crash, The Diamond Age
Tom Ko"rner: The Pleasures of Counting
Vernor Vinge: A Fire Upon the Deep, Across Realtime
John Brunner: The Shockwave Rider
Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman: Good Omens
Richard Adams: Watership Down
Jack Vance: The Eyes of the Overworld
Richard Dawkins: The Selfish Gene, The Blind Watchmaker
Norton Juster: The Phantom Tollbooth
Luis d'Antin Van Rooten: Mots D'Heures, Gousses, Rames
Bill Watterson: Calvin and Hobbes books
Art Spiegelman: Maus
Alan Moore et al: V for Vendetta, The Ballad of Halo Jones
E.E. "Doc" Smith: the "Lensmen" series of books (yes, I _know_!)




Wyrd but wundafull. ;-))
For that reason I left also out scifi. :-)


 the undertaking that LOTR is.
What do I know, I only work in a library. :-))) Diana Gabaldon
anyone? <shudder>.


 they're all sooooo old ...
Old, therefore boring? Noooo.




Walter Scott???? I couldn't read him at all. The stupid phonetic
spelling he used for accented speech. OK if one knew how they spoke
already but incomprehensible otherwise. I gave up after 2 pages. It
was Treasure Island or something.


 already but incomprehensible otherwise.
That's fairly usual for accented dialogue in books in English. How
do Italian books handle this?


 Old, therefore boring? Noooo.
Old and boring. :-) 


 do Italian books handle this?
Yeah, but usually a hint of accent is all that's needed to give it
flavour. Not a totally phonetic spelling that doesn't work if you
don't have the right accent to decipher it.


 E ora sto adorando The Catcher in the Rye di Salinger.
di che tratta? :)

 > da quanto ho letto non mi piace proprio...
dai un po' mi dispiace dirle questo =)

 di che tratta? :)
Traduci letteralmente: "the catcher" = "il giovane"; "in the" = "Hol";
"rye" = "den".
Bye, FB
-- 
Mrs. Palmer, in her way, was equally angry. 'She was determined to drop his
acquaintance immediately, and she was very thankful that she had never been
acquainted with him at all'.



Pero`, come hanno detto anche altri, se articoli il perche' non ti piace
quel che hai letto, e spieghi invece quel che ti piace e perche', e se
la prof e` una persona intelligente, dovrebbe apprezzare.
Nota che ci sono ben tre "se" ;-)


 "rye" = "den".
:)
dev'essere bello Il giovane Holden :)

 non ho capito il significato di "cloud what is actually at hand"
Avevo sorvolato. Traduco tutto, ma su quel pezzo sono dubbioso e vado a
impressioni *:
<<since he belonged, even at the age of six, to that great clan which
cannot keep this feeling separate from that, but must let future prospects,
with their joys and sorrows, cloud what is actually at hand, since to such
people even in earliest childhood any turn in the wheel of sensation has
the power to crystallize and transfix the moment upon which its gloom or
radiance rests.>>
<<Perché apparteneva, già all'età di sei anni, a quel grande clan che non
può tenere separato questo sentimento da quello, ma si lancia in
prospettive per il futuro, con le loro gioie e i loro dolori, offusca ciò
che è invero a portata di mano, giacché per queste persone, già nella prima
infanzia ogni giro della ruota delle sensazioni ha il potere di
cristallizzare e fermare il momento sul quale posa la sua (dell'infanzia?)
tristezza o il suo fulgore.>>
Per la serie "Uno ci prova". 
* Cerca di leggere per impressioni, non parola per parola.
Ciao, FB


 * Cerca di leggere per impressioni, non parola per parola.
lo so, (spesso lo faccio) ma se leggo parola per parola è per imparare a
scrivere bene in inglese...

 scrivere bene in inglese...
Anche la scrittura è regolata dall'impressione, dal suono... Invece di
lggere parola per parola magari ricorda frasi intere, frasi che ti
piacciono, leggi con ritmo.
Tutto questo secondo me. Non lo scrivo sempre, ma è doveroso ricordarlo
ogni tanto. (faccina sorridente)
Ciao, FB


 piacciono, leggi con ritmo.
si, molte espressioni non so perchè ma anche senza studiarle le ricordo
perfettamente.
e mi vengono in mente quando scrivo (raramente quando parlo)

do Italian books handle this?
They don't. Or they make some mistakes, if the accent is a
non-educated on.
Sebastiano

was Treasure Island or something.
Treasure Island? That's Stevenson.
Walter Scott is this guy:
www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/authors/Sir_Walter_Scott.htm
There is a "Treasure Island" written by a Scott, but his name is
Justin and he wrote that in 1994.
Treasure Island:
http://books.fantasticfiction.co.uk/n0/n1241.htm
http://books.fantasticfiction.co.uk/n12/n62513.htm
Sebastiano

di che tratta? :)
Il giovane Holden. Di che si tratta, ancora non lo so, non avendolo
mai letto in italiano. Holden è un adolescente con i suoi casini e
racconta, racconta, racconta.
Sebastiano

 racconta, racconta, racconta.
non sapevo fosse il giovane Holden =)
la storia un po' la conosco.

For that reason I left also out scifi. :-)
The only sci-fi writer I've ever read is Asimov. That's a writer I
love. I am waiting for a Fredric Brown short stories collection book
from Amazon.com. I once read one of his stories, Sentry, and I loved
it.
Here it is: 
http://snipurl.com/6dcy
Do you have a couple of suggestions about sci-fi literature? Some
must-read author, you know, some everlasting series, or whatever you
might think I ought to read.
Sebastiano

la storia un po' la conosco.
Io no. :)
Sebastiano

I read it in Italian, unfortunately. 
Me too. And I only read "Sentry". I love it sooo much! I love to write
and read, and I have to thank Fredric Brown for that. Sentry was like
a flickering flame whose trembling light fought back the darkness of
my brains. :)
Sebastiano

 Io no. :)
in ogni caso lo comprerò =)
non sapevo il nome Inglese del libro :)

ogni tanto. (faccina sorridente)
Maybe people who are just beginning to read books in other languages
should stick to more a matter-of-fact and less poetic/lyrical type of
writing until they become comfortable with that.  Who's the English
equivalent of Camus?  What are Grisham's books like?
-az

 Justin and he wrote that in 1994. [...]
I liked Coral Island myself. (by someone....)




Hmmm, I liked Fred Hoyle, James Tiptree, And most of what was in
Analog magazine.
John Wyndham too. For more modern authors it's a bit harder to think
[of some]. I'll get back to you on that one. Robert Heinlein has good
ones. And when I was younger I loved Andre Norton's books.




I have not heard of this author. Does he just do short stories?


non sapevo il nome inglese del libro :)
Nemmeno io, non mi ero mai posto il problema. :)
Sebastiano

I have not heard of this author. Does he just do short stories?
Mainly.
www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/authors/Fredric_Brown.htm
Sebastiano

ones. And when I was younger I loved Andre Norton's books.
Copy that! :)
Sebastiano



Great taste mate :-) . Our library has more fantasy than scifi these
days, so I've started reading what's in the Young Adult's sections. I
read a really great trilogy by Alan Dean Foster: _The Catechism_ was
the first one. It reminded me of a saga, like Homer's stories. Philip
Pullman is good too.


Altre sicuramente mi sfuggiranno.
Mi chiedo se sia stato Pterry ad inventarsi "wossname". E' abbastanza
usato anche al di fuori dei suoi romanzi (basta fare una ricerca con
Google :-))
Comunque e' presente in due dizionari:
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Wossname
http://www.pseudodictionary.com/search.php?letter=w&browsestart=600
Hai altri esempi di parole inventate nei suoi romanzi?
BTW c'e' un sito, 
http://wossname.thingy.com
, che ha anche delle
pagine su idioms ed altro :-)
Tra le parole inventate da scrittori e finite nei dizionari mi vengono
in mente "Waldo" e "Grok" (dal "Waldo Inc" e "Stranger In a Strange
Land" di R. A. Heinlen)
'bye

Hai altri esempi di parole inventate nei suoi romanzi?
Skion. L'uso di wyrd. Octarine & Octeday. Hubward, Rimward, Turnwise
and Widdershins. E adesso non me ne vengono in mente altre.
Sebastiano

 Google :-))
Guarda, sarebbe solo la terza volta che ho beccato Pratchett (finora non ne
ho letto niente) a copiare.


 and Widdershins. E adesso non me ne vengono in mente altre.
C'est-à-dire?


 Nemmeno io, non mi ero mai posto il problema. :)
bene, mi sa che stasera vado in libreria =)

mi sa che dovrò leggerlo comunque... -_-
Male non ti farà. :)
Sebastiano

ho letto niente) a copiare.
Quali erano le altre due? Anyway, Pratchett non ha mai detto di aver
inventato "wossname", quindi non credo si possa parlare di "copiare".
Se l'ha letto da qualche parte e gli č piaciuto, non vedo il problema.
Si tratta di una parola.
Sebastiano

C'est-à-dire?
You mean, the meaning?
Skion, I do not know. I know the word because I read it in a thread.
It's in the book "Guards! Guards!" I'd love to look it up for you, but
I don't want to be spoilered.
Octarine is the eighth color in the rainbow, the color of magic (the
first book in the Discworld series is, "The Colour of Magic")
Octeday is the eighth day of the week.
Hubward, Rimward, Turnwise and Widdershins are directions. Since the
world is a flat disc hold up by four giant elephants - Berilia, Tubul,
Great T'Phon and Jerakeen - that are on the shell of a Great Turtle -
Great A'Tuin - who travels through the universe, and whose sex is one
of the great misteries, well, things works pretty much in a quaint
somewhat peculiar way. :)
Sebastiano

 Male non ti farà. :)
no indubbiamente :)

 Has anyone already read it?
ehm, io l'ho letto e mi č anche piaciuto! Devo essere o molto vecchia o
donna di cultura (without even realise it!).
Consiglio: visto che lo devi leggere, informati sullo stile (come diceva
Mary, lo stream of consciousness), potrebbe aiutarti, se non ad apprezzarlo
quanto meno a comprenderlo meglio.
Good luck
Cristina

 donna di cultura (without even realise it!).
ri-ehm, that was: realising it.
CC

 Cristina
cheers :)

 interesting
It depends on whose the consciousness is whence the stream flows. (questa
frase mi piace molto. Mi sbaglio di grosso?)
Bye, FB


 frase mi piace molto. Mi sbaglio di grosso?)
Sě, di grosso.
Tenere il tuo stile: It depends on who's is the consciousness whence the
stream flows. (Sei bravo di non scrivere 'from whence'.)

 frase mi piace molto. Mi sbaglio di grosso?)
"how to write effortlessly" by FB :-)
(by the way, I'm not sure, but I think there's a missing comma (or
conjunction) between is and whence)
but I have to admit it puzzled me at first sight =)

 stream flows. (Sei bravo di non scrivere 'from whence'.)
in Italian you can say either "sei bravo a non scrivere 'from whence'" or
"sei bravo per non scrivere 'from whence'"
mmm... but... why "who's" and not "whose"?
as far as I know the consciousness is the state of being conscious... am I
wrong?

 wrong?
Grazie per la correzione. And you've corrected my English as well. The
possessive of who is 'whose', not 'who's'. I experienced a little brain fart
that sometimes occurs when one thinks quickly and carelessly. Regarding
'consciousness', in this case it doesn't just mean that the person isn't in
a coma or isn't unconscious, but rather it refers to the particular thought
patterns of that person. Dunque, sono io che mi sbaglio di grosso, non FB.
Chiedo perdono.



Mi dispiace, FB. Hai ragione e mi sono sbaglio di grosso. Si dice 'whose',
non si dice 'who's' in questo caso. Ma, secondo me suona meglio mettere il
verbo dopo 'whose'.

 verbo dopo 'whose'.
Ma se dico 
"It depends on whose is the consciousness...", 
"whose is the consciousness" non sembra una domanda *? 
A me pare che l'unica alternativa sia "it depends on whose the
consciousness whence the stream flows is", ma penso che sia più faticosa.
* Come "I don't know where are you from", che si dovrebbe dire "I don't
know where you are from".
Ciao, FB
-- 
Se dico "siedi!" manca l'oggetto.
Siedo chi? Lei o me?
(GC Pillan su it.cultura.linguistica.italiano)

 Si tratta di una parola.
Eh, lą si trattava di frasi, un po' rimaneggiate. Lecito anche quello...


 know where you are from".
Come si spiega? L'orecchio, l'orecchio. Questo caso è abbastanza diverse. Di
solito la prima frase sarebbe una domanda, anche se non è necessario che sia
una domanda. Il tono decide, ma suona stranissimo dire 'where are you from'
senza fare una domanda. Anzi, non è mica strano dire 'it depends on whose
is' senza fare una domanda.
Direi 'It depends on from whose consciousness the stream flows'.

 Chiedo perdono.
you taught me I can use "consciousness" for refering to a person in a coma.
thanks, I didn't know that =)
no need to apologize Tony (we're both made of ice after all :) )

 wrote in message
news:gbn9a05f091k9fspq...@4ax.com...

'Widdershins' è una parola inglese (bèh , scozzese) che risale al
cinquecento . Significa 'anti-clockwise' o 'in the opposite direction to the
sun' . Tutte le altre parole (compreso 'wyrd') devono essere inventate da
Pratchett , ma non ho letto nessuno dei suoi libri .
Mike

cinquecento . Significa 'anti-clockwise' 
Interessante.  Non avevo mai visto anti-clockwise.  Si dice?  Dalle mie parti
e' "counterclockwise"
bye
ari

 somewhat peculiar way. :)
Widdershins is an old English word. Hubward and Rimward are hub+ward
= towards the hubs. etc. and made for the story. "Homeward bound" is
a common enough expression to make the new words comprehensible.


 e' "counterclockwise"
Sě, in GB si usa solo anti-clockwise, mai counterclockwise.
-- 
Mary

Pratchett , ma non ho letto nessuno dei suoi libri .
No, wyrd non l'ha invetata lui. La usa in modo diverso (wyrd is
weirder then weird).
Wyrd is one of the three Weird Sisters.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyrd
Pratchett wrote a book called Wyrd Sisters and the three protagonists
are three weird witches. :)
Sebastino

Sebastino
Ok, non so scrivere nemmeno il mio nome. Sembra il nome di un frate.
Sebastiano

 The Lord of the Rings di J.R.R. Tolkien
Do you happen to know this:
"Bored of the Rings" by Lampoon?
It's quite obviously a parody of Tolkien's masterpiece.
An example of what you can find:
Gimlet limped over to the two boggies and forced a smile
"Pox vobiscum. May you eat three balanced meals a day and have healthful,
regular bowel movements."
"How comes it", said Arrowroot, "that we meet in this strange land ?"
"It is a tale long in the telling", said Pepsi, pulling out a sheaf of notes
"Then save it" said Goodgulf.
CC-Tolkienfan

CC-Tolkienfan
Me too. Well, not CC, but Tolkienfan. Well, let's say Tolkien-holic,
it works better for me :). I have many addictions, my friend.
Sitcom-holic, Potter-holic, and so on. :)
Anyway, there is this book I bought less then a month ago which is a
must-have for a Tolkien-holic like me. It's "The Complete Guide of the
Middle-Earth" by Robert Foster. In this AZ reference book you can find
every place, every character and every li'l critter that can be found
in Tolkien's fictional world. Love the book!
Sebastiano

Dalle mie parti e' "counterclockwise"
Vivi negli USA?
-- 
Adam Atkinson (
gh...@mistral.co.uk
)
If I were a bumble bee
Z wouldn't be a U.F.D.

 Sebastiano
Dear Sebastiano,
As another die-hard Tolkien fan, pray would you be so kind as to provide
further information regarding this book? Is it a hardback? Does it include
_all_ Tolkien (i.e. The Silmarillion, Farmer Giles et all)? Runes - origins,
alphabet etc?
Ever-so thankfully,
I remain as always, etc, ecc.,
Bambi
dtb

alphabet etc?
This books should contain everything that can be found in the
Middle-Earth. I don't have my copy here, but I have to go to my place
in a minute, so I'll pick it up and check it.
Sebastiano

in a minute, so I'll pick it up and check it.
Ok, I'm back.
There is not so much about the languages of Middle-Earth, as this book
is a az reference book for places, names, creatures, things.
There is something for each main language, though, but it's not worth
buying if you're interested only in the languages of Middle-Earth.
If you're interested in Tolkien's fictional languages you might find
interesting Ardalambion and the Encyclopedia of Arda:
www.uib.no/People/hnohf
http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/
If you are interested in those non-Latin alphabets, like Cirth, take a
look at this:
www.omniglot.com/writing/cirth.htm
www.omniglot.com/writing/tengwar.htm
www.omniglot.com/writing/sarati.htm
The text engraved on the One Ring, for instance, is written in tengwar
but the language is not Sindarin or Queenia, but Black Speech, the
language of Mordor.
Here it is:
Ash nazg durbatulúk, ash nazg gimbatul,
ash nazg thrakatulûk agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.
Anyway, on 
www.amazon.com
 you can find an excerpt of the book.
Here some random headwords:
Erling (b. TA 2854) Hobbit of the Shire, of the working class. Erling
was the third child of Holman the green-handed. (III 477; '93 ED.438;
01' ED. 425)
Lótessë (Q.: 'blossom-month) The fifth month of the Kings' and
Stewards' Reckonings, and the second of the New Reckoning,
corresponding roughly to our May.
	The Sindarin name, used only by the Dúnedain, was Lothron.
Called Thrimidge in the Shire. (III 483; '93 ed. 444; '01 ed. 431.)
Ravens Birds of Middle-earth. The ravens of Erebr were friendly with
the Dwarves and spoke Westron. They were very large and lived to a
great age; Roäc was 153 years old in TA 2941. (H 243-44; '93 ed.
256-57; '01 ed. 258-59.)
Rhûn (S.:'east') Name given by the Dúnedain of Gondor to the area east
of the Sea of Rhûn (q.v.). In the First Age Oromë came her to hunt,
and at the height of its power Gondor ruled the western part of Rhûn.
After the fifth century of the Third Age, however, the Easterlings
(q.v.), Men of various races living in the many countries of Rhûn,
made war on Gondonr, often at the instigation of Sauron.
	Called in Westron the East or the Eastlands. (I 17, 325, 518;
'93 ed. 15, 298, 471; '01 ed. 13, 355, 356 ff.).
The first headword is Abyss, the low places of the Timeless Halls of
Ilúvatar, the last one is Zirakzigil, one of the three Mountains of
Moria.
There are also some appendices.
Appendix A	A Chronololgy of the First Age.
Appendix B	Genealogical Tables
Appendix C	Cibversuib if Oage Referebces to Houghton Mifflin
Editions
Hope this helps.
Sebastiano