Newsgroup: it.cultura.storia
Titolo: Argentina [Re: Il ministro dell'Istruzione - 2

 Qualcuno puo' controllare?
Ho controllato sull' Enciclopedia Britannica e ti riporto, in inglese, quanto
scritto in quell'opera:
The conservative restoration and the Concordancia, 1930-43
 During the next 13 years, which have often been termed "the Infamous Decade,"
the
 armed forces sponsored a conservative restoration. After expelling Irigoyen,
they
 installed General José Félix Uriburu in the presidency (1930-32). Uriburu was
a
 descendent of an old, conservative northern family, and he leaned toward
fascism. His
 influence with the army, however, was not as great as that of General Agustín
Pedro
 Justo, a former minister of war under Alvear, who favoured a gradual
conservative
 reorientation of the country. The Radicals, who had been reorganized under the
 leadership of Alvear, won an unexpected victory in trial elections held in the
province of
 Buenos Aires in April 1931, but the Radicals' activities were then severely
restricted
 (including the arrest or exile of their leaders), and their members either
boycotted or
 were barred from the national election of 1931. General Justo, in contrast,
had the
 backing of the Concordancia (a coalition of conservatives, a faction of the
Radicals, and
 independent socialists), and, with only limited electoral fraud, he was
elected by a
 large majority.
 The new president, facing a difficult economic situation, instituted several
controversial
 reforms and initiatives. In 1933 he signed the Roca-Runciman Agreement with
Great
 Britain, which guaranteed Argentina a fixed share in the British meat market
and
 eliminated tariffs on Argentine cereals. In return, Argentina agreed to
restrictions with
 regard to trade and currency exchange, and it preserved Britain's commercial
interests
 in the country. Many Argentines saw the treaty as a sellout to Britain,
although from
 the British point of view the pact accorded privileges not given to any other
country
 outside their empire. Other unpopular reforms included restructuring the
monetary
 system and establishing agencies to control exports. After 1935 the economic
climate
 improved.
 The election of 1937, in which the government retained its power, was marked
by
 fraud and violence; however, the next president, Roberto M. Ortiz, returned to
more
 proper electoral procedures, calling for federal intervention in the province
of Buenos
 Aires, where a corrupt conservative machine had been in control. Ortiz's poor
health
 obliged him to resign in 1940, and his successor, Ramón S. Castillo, restored
the
 conservative coalition to power and gained the support of General Justo.
 At the outbreak of World War II, Argentina declared its neutrality and
remained neutral
 even after the United States entered the conflict in 1941. Castillo's motives
for this
 stance were largely economic, and he attempted to court trade agreements with
both
 the United States and the Axis powers while maintaining a significant commerce
with
 Britain; however, his policies were only partly successful, and Argentina
struggled to
 arm and equip its military while other Latin American nations received
generous
 lend-lease shipments from the United States. In the face of opposition from
both
 pro-Allied and pro-Axis groups, as well as concerns over the increasing
strength of the
 United States-supplied Brazilian military, Castillo imposed a state of siege.
General
 Justo died in January 1943, leaving the president without his most influential
 supporter, and Castillo was overthrown in June.
 The Perón era, 1943-55
 Transitional period
 The military government faced several urgent and difficult problems, including
the
 decision of whether to remain neutral or choose sides in the war. It also had
to decide
 between the restoration of a representative system and the installation of a
long-term
 military dictatorship. General Arturo Rawson was made president but resigned
after
 two days when his anticonservative stance and his advocacy of the United
Nations
 won no military support.
 General Pedro P. Ramírez replaced Rawson as president. He maintained
neutrality in
 the war but faced increasing opposition from all political groups except the
nationalist
 right wing and the fascist sympathizers. The government, reflecting an
emergent
 authoritarianism, censored the press and dissolved political parties. Under
pressure
 from the United States, the regime broke off diplomatic relations with
Germany, but
 this deed was not favoured by many military officers, and Ramírez was removed
by a
 coup. The presidency was turned over to General Edelmiro J. Farrell (1944-46),
who led
 a military junta, but, under threat of international sanctions, his regime
prepared for a
 return to representative democracy.
Crucimposto su it.cultura.storia
P.

 scritto in quell'opera:
Vista la non facile lettura a causa di a me sconosciuti motivi di allineamento
delle righe, accludo l'indirizzo, per chi fosse interssato, dell'articolo della
Britannica.
http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,117960+14+109725,00.html
P.

In effetti, da quanto scrive la EB, non si capisce se, dopo il '43,
l'Argentina sia o no entrata in guerra, anche solo 'pro forma', a cose gia'
fatte. In ogni caso, se cio' e' avvenuto, e' stato dopo il nostro
armistizio, quindi non contro l'Italia. Salvo erorri ed o....ssioni.

Questo ho trovato sulla questione degli italiani e dell'italiano:
(
http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,117955+2+109725,00.html
 )
Almost half of the European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries were Italian, and about one-third were Spanish. Substantial
numbers also came from France, Poland, Russia, Germany, and Great Britain.
In 1869 the foreign-born made up 12 percent of the population; this grew to
about one-third by 1914, and in large cities foreigners outnumbered natives
by as much as 2 to 1. As immigration slowed later in the 20th century, the
proportion of foreign-born Argentines dropped.
The Italian influence on Argentine culture became the most important of any
immigrant group, and Italian is still widely spoken in Buenos Aires. Other
major foreign influences have come from Spanish and Polish immigrants.
Smaller groups have also made notable contributions, however. British
capital and management, in particular, built railroads and created the
meat-processing industry; the British also left a relatively small but
influential community. The Germans established farm settlements and
cooperatives, the French contributed their viticultural expertise, and the
Japanese invested in business, as did the Syrians and Lebanese.
The children of immigrants were quick to identify themselves as Argentines,
so the people were not divided into antagonistic ethnic groups. But
Argentine society developed a serious division between the rural interior
and the urban coast. Many rural people grew to resent the wealth, political
power, and cultural affectations of the porteños, the "people of the port"
in the Buenos Aires region, and many porteños looked upon residents of the
interior as ignorant peasants. These divisions became deeply rooted in the
politics of the country.
Language and religion
Spanish is the national language, although in Argentina it is spoken in
several accents and has absorbed many words from other languages,
especially Italian. Numerous foreign languages and dialects can be heard,
from Basque and Sicilian to Welsh and Gaelic. Toward the end of the 19th
century, an underworld language called lunfardo developed in Buenos Aires,
composed of words from many languages--among them Italian, Portuguese,
Spanish, French, German, and languages from Africa. Lunfardo is now often
heard in the lyrics of tango music.
The vast majority of Argentine people are adherents of Roman Catholicism.
Of the remainder, about equally small percentages are Protestants and Jews.
Roman Catholic influence is strongly reflected in government and society,
and Catholicism is constitutionally recognized as the official state
religion, although freedom of worship is guaranteed.

fatte
Caro McKenzie,
ti trascrivo quanto dice la recente "Enciclopedia storica" della
Zanichelli alla voce "Argentina" (pag. 78).
<<L'Argentina mantenne un atteggiamento di "neutralita'" benevola nei
confronti dell'Asse e solo nel *1945* entro' in guerra a fianco degli
Alleati>>
Ciao
Frank

 Alleati>>
Riporto, sempre per chi fosse interessato, l'indirizzo della Britannica
presso cui è possibile visualizzare una tavola del numero di morti, feriti
e dispersi di tutte le nazioni coinvolte nel secondo conflitto mondiale.
http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/single_table_inline/0,5716,1073,00.html
Non si fa menzione dell'Argentina né nello schieramento degli Alleati né
in quello delle Forze dell'Asse.
Ma allora, l'Argentina ha preso o no parte alla Seconda Guerra?
Gli amici storici possono dare una mano?
P.


Saluti
Carlos F. Poli


Well, that's right but -please- write in italian or spanish because most of the
italians who look the newsgrous, almost at Argentina or at Italy, like to write
in italian.
En los primeros años del siglo XX a la Argentina en Italia la llamaban: "Italia
II" porque había tantos italianos aquí como allá.
Le recomiendo, sobre la materia de inmigración, en italiano: "IL PANE DALLE
SETTE CROSTE - CENTO ANNI DI EMIGRAZIONE" dalla Banca del Monte di Lucca.
Nella publicazione "Lucchesi nel mondo" si parla (si dice) d'Argentina:
"L'Argentina, l'altra patria degli italiani".

Saluti
Carlos F. Poli


Ya no Carlos. Argentina ya no es la Italia II. Ahora la gente de esos
países europeos habla de su nueva patria Alemania.... perdón Europa. Ya
no les interesa otros lugares.
Arrivederci,
Juan
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/

 no les interesa otros lugares.
No. In media i sudamericani ci sono piu' simpatici dei tedeschi (e degli
yankees), e tra una vacanza a Mar del Plata e una a Gelsenkirchen
personalmente non avrei dubbi, brrrr. Solo per la birra e i würstel farei
un'eccezione e andrei a München. ¿Hay buena cerveza en Argentina?


Saluti per tutti
Carlos Federico Poli
Quilmes (B1878GEK) Buenos Aires - Argentina


 escribió en el mensaje de noticias
962sc9$j4b$1...@nnrp1.deja.com...


,

Questo é il tuo pensiero ma la veritá é un'altra cosa. Los italianos y
los españoles están más unidos a los albaneses y turcos; alemanes y
austríacos; ingleses y rusos (tutti i paesi della futura Europa) que a
los sudamericanos. Si lo preguntas a la gente te darás cuenta que esto
es cierto.
La birra argentina non mi piace, ma l'Argentina é il paese del migliore
vino del mondo.


 Esto es viejisimo, se trata de un post mío de hace un toco de días.
Aún así querido Carlos no puedes negar que es un tema que tiene vigencia
pues pone a prueba muchos complejos.
Juan



Para algunos sí; pero la gran mayoría se siente o tiene "algo" que tira para
Italia.

Saluti per tutti
Carlos Federico Poli
Quilmes (B1878GEK) Buenos Aires - Argentina



http://www.deja.com/
Saluti per tutti
Carlos Federico Poli
Quilmes (B1878GEK) Buenos Aires - Argentina
