Newsgroup: it.scienza.medicina
Titolo: Ginkgo Biloba

ciao a tutti
sto assumeno il Ginkgo in capsule
per prevenire la formazione di radicali liberi
è possibile proseguire una cura per una anno prendendo 4 capsule al dì, ci
sono affetti collaterali visto che si tratta di una pianta naturale ?
grazie
Silvia

sono affetti collaterali visto che si tratta di una pianta naturale ?
Anche la cicuta e' una pianta naturale, e anche i funghi velenosi sono
naturali :-)
Ignazio GSS©
More than 90 HiRes images in my home page  
http://www.geocities.com/~puddu/
Oltre 200 Immagini di endoscopia digestiva
http://www.areamedica.com

ci sono affetti collaterali visto che si tratta di una pianta naturale?
Moltissimi. Cosi' tanti che non sto' ad enumerarteli. La FDA (Food &
Drugs Administration) mantiene un database per la segnalazione degli
effetti avversi insorti a seguito della assunzione di integratori
alimentari. Vai qui: http:
vm.cfsan.fda.gov
 e fai una ricerchina con la
chiave "ginkgo biloba" (devi fare un po' di tara, perche' in molti casi
la segnalazione si riferisce alla assunzione di integratori contenenti
piu' di un principio attivo naturale)
-- 
        ___
 /\/\/\/ _/  -Doctor Diabolicus-
/     / /_ 
\/\/\/\__/  
http://web.tiscalinet.it/Scienza_e_Medicina

 alimentari.
Gli effetti indesiderati del Ginkgo sono legati soprattutto (se non
esclusivamente) alla presenza dell'acido ginkgolico.
Ora, se e' inverosimile che qualcuno ne assuma troppo ingerendo la foglia in
polvere (nelle capsule... sarebbero necessari parecchi grammi al giorno) e'
piu' reale il pericolo negli estratti.
Per questo motivo l'estratto secco standardizzato (ess) 24/6 ("tedesco")
deve contenere al massimo 5ppm di acido ginkgolico mentre l'estratto 28/7
("giapponese") ne contiene al massimo 1ppm.
Da questi dati si puo' concludere che l'assunzione del Ginkgo in forma
semplice o meglio ancora negli ess debitamente certificati e'
ragionevolmente sicura, purche' non si superi la dose di un paio di grammi
di polvere o di 120mg di estratto, purche' standardizzato.
Marko

 esclusivamente) alla presenza dell'acido ginkgolico.
visto che l'argomento e' interessante, perche' non ci elenchi gli effetti
indesiderati?
ciao
luh
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 indesiderati?
tolti quelli provocati dall'acido ginkgolico (tossicita', allergenicita') in
sostanza si riducono a uno: l'effetto anti-coagulante, che peraltro e' il
motivo per cui viene assunto. Questo effetto si moltiplica in associazione
con gli anti-coagulanti noti e in questi casi possono derivare
sanguinamenti. Quindi va assunto con la stessa prudenza, che so,
dell'aspirina, preferendo in assoluto l'estratto 28/7 (e in subordine il
24/6).
Marko
Phytomedicine 2001 Mar;8(2):133-8    Related Articles, Books
Evidence for toxic effects of alkylphenols from Ginkgo biloba in the hen's
egg test (HET).
Baron-Ruppert G, Luepke NP.
Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Osnabruck, Germany.
Extracts from the leaves of the Gingko tree (Ginkgo biloba L.) are
therapeutically used for the treatment of peripheral and cerebral vascular
disorders as well as multi-infarct or Alzheimer-type dementia. As
constituents with potential contact allergenic and toxic properties in crude
Ginkgo extracts a group of alkylphenols (e.g., ginkgolic acids, ginkgol,
bilobol) has been described. Thus, for reasons of drug safety a maximal
concentration (< or = 5 ppm) of ginkgolic acids is requested by the
Monograph of the Commission E of the former German Federal Health Agency
(Bundesgesundheitsamt, BGA). During production of the standardized Ginkgo
extract EGb 761, alkylphenols are largely eliminated as water insoluble
compounds (decanter sludge) from the primary acetone extract. To further
assess the adverse properties of alkylphenols, different fractions derived
from the decanter sludge were evaluated for their embryotoxic effects in the
hen's egg test (HET). A fraction enriched for ginkgolic acids (16%) and
biflavones (6.7%) was found to induce death of 50% of the chick embryos
(LD50) at a dose of 1.8 mg/egg (approximately/= 33 ppm). A similar strong
lethal effect (LD50: 3.5 mg/egg; 64 ppm) was oberserved for a fraction which
contained 58% ginkgolic acids but less than 0.02% biflavones. In contrast,
an extreme low toxic potential (LD50: 250 mg/egg or 4540 ppm) was
established for a fraction containing 16% biflavones and 1% ginkgolic acids.
Thus, the present investigations confirm the high toxic potential of
ginkgolic acids, although it can not be excluded that biflavones or some
other constituents in the different fractions may amplify the adverse effect
of these substances. Since no contribution of alkylphenols to the
therapeutic efficacy of Ginkgo extracts has been confirmed and their
elimination during the manufacturing process does not cause technical
problems, these results further support the requirement for the completest
possible removal of these compounds under toxicological considerations.
PMID: 11315756 [PubMed - in process]
Public Health Nutr 2000 Dec;3(4A):495-9    Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Efficacy and safety of a Ginkgo biloba extract.
Le Bars PL, Kastelan J.
New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. pllb@aol
(...)
 Although a dose--response relationship is not yet established, 240 mg
day(-1) EGb seems to show a higher rate of treatment response than does 120
mg day(-1). Regarding safety, in all trials reviewed the adverse event
profile of EGb was not different from that of the placebo.
PMID: 11276297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 Environ Health Perspect 1999 Oct;107(10):779-81    Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut 
Phytomedicine research in Germany.
Wagner H.
Centre of Pharma Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich,
Germany. 
H.Wa...@cup.uni-muenchen.de
In Germany since 1980, more than 300 clinical studies have been carried out
with standardized phytopharmaceuticals, including Crataegus, Silybum,
Ginkgo, Hypericum, Sabal, Urtica, Kava-Kava, Allium sativum, Valeriana,
Aesculus, Echinacea, and Viscum drugs. These studies assessed the efficacy
of phytopharmaceuticals for the treatment of moderate or moderately severe
diseases and prevention. Several comparative clinical trials showed that
these phytopharmaceuticals had full therapeutic equivalence with
chemotherapeutics and had the simultaneous advantage of being devoid of any
adverse effects. (...)
PMID: 10504142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 
GINKGO BILOBA
Most common reason taken: Improve memory and blood flow; treat Alzheimer's
and other forms of mental deterioration in the elderly
Possible adverse reactions: Headache, flatulence, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, subdural hematoma
Conflicts with: Anticoagulants, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs 
Source: Clinical Pharmacology 2000
Ginkgo can cause irritability, restlessness, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting;
if these symptoms develop, check with your practitioner to see if you should
lower your dosage or stop taking ginkgo completely
personalhealthzone
Ginkgo biloba
° Active ingredients: Flavone glycosides have antioxidant properties;
terpenoids (ginkgolides) improve circulation; bilobalides have
neuroprotective properties.
° Advertised to improve cognitive function, has been reported to cause
spontaneous bleeding, and may interact with anticoagulants and antiplatelet
agents.
° To date, at least four reports of spontaneous bleeding with Ginkgo biloba
use have been published.
° Until further information is available, patients taking garlic, vitamin E,
warfarin, aspirin or other drugs with antiplatelet or anticoagulant effects
should be cautioned about potential interactions with gingko products.
° Patients should inform their physicians of unusual bleeding or bruising,
new-onset headaches or vision changes.
Article abbreviated from article by Melanie Johns Cupp, Pharm.D., American
Family Physician, Vol 59 No 5, Mar 1, 1999, pg 1239-44