Newsgroup: it.politica.internazionale
Titolo: La  Yemeneide

#_Trame in chiaroscuro, ma con scopi che mirano piu`lontano.
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/LA09Ak02.html
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/LA09Ak03.html
Obama's Yemeni odyssey targets China
By M K Bhadrakumar
A year ago, Yemeni President Ali Abdallah Saleh made the startling 
revelation that his country's security forces apprehended a group of 
Islamists linked to the Israeli intelligence forces. "A terrorist cell was 
apprehended and will be referred to the courts for its links with the 
Israeli intelligence services," he promised.
Saleh added, "You will hear about the trial proceedings." Nothing was ever 
heard and the trail went cold. Welcome to the magical land of Yemen, where 
in the womb of time the Arabian Nights were played out.
Combine Yemen with the mystique of Islam, Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda and the 
Israeli intelligence and you get a heady mix. The head of the US Central 
Command, General David Petraeus, dropped in at the capital, Sana'a, on 
Saturday and vowed to Saleh
increased American aid to fight al-Qaeda. United States President Barack 
Obama promptly echoed Petraeus' promise, assuring that the US would step up 
intelligence-sharing and training of Yemeni forces and perhaps carry out 
joint attacks against militants in the region.
Another Afghanistan?
Many accounts say that Obama, who is widely regarded as a gifted and 
intelligent politician, is blundering into a catastrophic mistake by 
starting another war that could turn out to be as bloody and chaotic and 
unwinnable as Iraq and Afghanistan. Yes, on the face of it, Obama does seem 
erratic. The parallels with Afghanistan are striking. There has been an 
attempt to destroy a US plane by a Nigerian student who says he received 
training in Yemen. And America wants to go to war.
Yemen, too, is a land of wonderfully beautiful rugged mountains that could 
be a guerilla paradise. Yemenis are a hospitable lot, like Afghan tribesmen, 
but as Irish journalist Patrick Cockurn recollects, while they are generous 
to passing strangers, they "deem the laws of hospitality to lapse when the 
stranger leaves their tribal territory, at which time he becomes 'a good 
back to shoot at'." Surely, there is romance in the air - almost like in the 
Hindu Kush. Fiercely nationalistic, almost every Yemeni has a gun. Yemen is 
also, like Afghanistan, a land of conflicting authorities, and with foreign 
intervention, a little civil war is waiting to flare up.
Is Obama so incredibly forgetful of his own December 1 speech outlining his 
Afghan strategy that he violated his own canons? Certainly not. Obama is a 
smart man. The intervention in Yemen will go down as one of the smartest 
moves that he ever made for perpetuating the US's global hegemony. It is 
America's answer to China's surge.
A cursory look at the map of region will show that Yemen is one of the most 
strategic lands adjoining waters of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian 
Peninsula. It flanks Saudi Arabia and Oman, which are vital American 
protectorates. In effect, Uncle Sam is "marking territory" - like a dog on a 
lamppost. Russia has been toying with the idea of reopening its Soviet-era 
base in Aden. Well, the US has pipped Moscow in the race.
The US has signaled that the odyssey doesn't end with Yemen. It is also 
moving into Somalia and Kenya. With that, the US establishes its military 
presence in an entire unbroken stretch of real estate all along the Indian 
Ocean's western rim. Chinese officials have of late spoken of their need to 
establish a naval base in the region. The US has now foreclosed China's 
options. The only country with a coastline that is available for China to 
set up a naval base in the region will be Iran. All other countries have a 
Western military presence.
The American intervention in Yemen is not going to be on the pattern of Iraq 
and Afghanistan. Obama will ensure he doesn't receive any body bags of 
American servicemen serving in Yemen. That is what the American public 
expects from him. He will only deploy drone aircraft and special forces and 
"focus on providing intelligence and training to help Yemen counter al-Qaeda 
militants", according to the US military. Obama's main core objective will 
be to establish an enduring military presence in Yemen. This serves many 
purposes.
A new great game begins
First, the US move has to be viewed against the historic backdrop of the 
Shi'ite awakening in the region. The Shi'ites (mostly of the Zaidi group) 
have been traditionally suppressed in Yemen. Shi'ite uprisings have been a 
recurring theme in Yemen's history. There has been a deliberate attempt to 
minimize the percentage of Shi'ites in Yemen, but they could be anywhere up 
to 45%.
More importantly, in the northern part of the country, they constitute the 
majority. What bothers the US and moderate Sunni Arab states - and Israel - 
is that the Believing Youth Organization led by Hussein Badr al-Houthi, 
which is entrenched in northern Yemen, is modeled after Hezbollah in Lebanon 
in all respects - politically, economically, socially and culturally.
Yemenis are an intelligent people and are famous in the Arabian Peninsula 
for their democratic temperament. The Yemeni Shi'ite empowerment on a 
Hezbollah-model would have far-reaching regional implications. Next-door 
Oman, which is a key American base, is predominantly Shi'ite. Even more 
sensitive is the likelihood of the dangerous idea of Shi'ite empowerment 
spreading to Saudi Arabia's highly restive Shi'ite regions adjoining Yemen, 
which on top of it all, also happen to be the reservoir of the country's 
fabulous oil wealth.
Saudi Arabia is entering a highly sensitive phase of political transition as 
a new generation is set to take over the leadership in Riyadh, and the 
palace intrigues and fault lines within the royal family are likely to get 
exacerbated. To put it mildly, given the vast scale of institutionalized 
Shi'ite persecution in Saudi Arabia by the Wahhabi establishment, Shi'ite 
empowerment is a veritable minefield that Riyadh is petrified about at this 
juncture. Its threshold of patience is wearing thin, as the recent 
uncharacteristic resort to military power against the north Yemeni Shi'ite 
communities bordering Saudi Arabia testifies.
The US faces a classic dilemma. It is all right for Obama to highlight the 
need of reform in Muslim societies - as he did eloquently in his Cairo 
speech last June. But democratization in the Yemeni context - ironically, in 
the Arab context - would involve Shi'ite empowerment. After the searing 
experience in Iraq, Washington is literally perched like a cat on a hot tin 
roof. It would much rather be aligned with the repressive, autocratic 
government of Saleh than let the genie of reform out of the bottle in the 
oil rich-region in which it has profound interests.
Obama has an erudite mind and he is not unaware that what Yemen desperately 
needs is reform, but he simply doesn't want to think about it. The paradox 
he faces is that with all its imperfections, Iran happens to be the only 
"democratic" system operating in that entire region.
Iran's shadow over the Yemeni Shi'ite consciousness worries the US to no 
end. Simply put, in the ideological struggle going on in the region, Obama 
finds himself with the ultra-conservative and brutally autocratic 
oligarchies that constitute the ruling class in the region. Conceivably, he 
isn't finding it easy. If his own memoirs are to be believed, there could be 
times when the vague recollections of his childhood in Indonesia and his 
precious memories of his own mother, who from all accounts was a 
free-wheeling intellectual and humanist, must be stalking him in the White 
House corridors.
Israel moves in
But Obama is first and foremost a realist. Emotions and personal beliefs 
drain away and strategic considerations weigh uppermost when he works in the 
Oval Office. With the military presence in Yemen, the US has tightened the 
cordon around Iran. In the event of a military attack on Iran, Yemen could 
be put to use as a springboard by the Israelis. These are weighty 
considerations for Obama.
The fact is that no one is in control as a Yemeni authority. It is a 
cakewalk for the formidable Israeli intelligence to carve out a niche in 
Yemen - just as it did in northern Iraq under somewhat comparable 
circumstances.
Islamism doesn't deter Israel at all. Saleh couldn't have been far off the 
mark when he alleged last year that Israeli intelligence had been exposed as 
having kept links with Yemeni Islamists. The point is, Yemeni Islamists are 
a highly fragmented lot and no one is sure who owes what sort of allegiance 
to whom. Israeli intelligence operates marvelously in such twilight zones 
when the horizon is lacerated with the blood of the vanishing sun.
Israel will find a toehold in Yemen to be a god-sent gift insofar as it 
registers its presence in the Arabian Peninsula. This is a dream come true 
for Israel, whose effectiveness as a regional power has always been 
seriously handicapped by its lack of access to the Persian Gulf region. The 
overarching US military presence helps
Israel politically to consolidate its Yemeni chapter. Without doubt, 
Petraeus is moving on Yemen in tandem with Israel (and Britain). But the 
"pro-West" Arab states with their rentier mentality have no choice except to 
remain as mute spectators on the sidelines.
Some among them may actually acquiesce with the Israeli security presence in 
the region as a safer bet than the spread of the dangerous ideas of Shi'ite 
empowerment emanating out of Iran, Iraq and Hezbollah. Also, at some stage, 
Israeli intelligence will begin to infiltrate the extremist Sunni outfits in 
Yemen, which are commonly known as affiliates of al-Qaeda. That is, if it 
hasn't done that already. Any such link makes Israel an invaluable ally for 
the US in its fight against al-Qaeda. In sum, infinite possibilities exist 
in the paradigm that is taking shape in the Muslim world abutting into the 
strategic Persian Gulf.
It's all about China
Most important, however, for US global strategies will be the massive gain 
of control of the port of Aden in Yemen. Britain can vouchsafe that Aden is 
the gateway to Asia. Control of Aden and the Malacca Strait will put the US 
in an unassailable position in the "great game" of the Indian Ocean. The sea 
lanes of the Indian Ocean are literally the jugular veins of China's 
economy. By controlling them, Washington sends a strong message to Beijing 
that any notions by the latter that the US is a declining power in Asia 
would be nothing more than an extravagant indulgence in fantasy.
In the Indian Ocean region, China is increasingly coming under pressure. 
India is a natural ally of the US in the Indian Ocean region. Both disfavor 
any significant Chinese naval presence. India is mediating a rapprochement 
between Washington and Colombo that would help roll back Chinese influence 
in Sri Lanka. The US has taken a u-turn in its Myanmar policy and is 
engaging the regime there with the primary intent of eroding China's 
influence with the military rulers. The Chinese strategy aimed at 
strengthening influence in Sri Lanka and Myanmar so as to open a new 
transportation route towards the Middle East, the Persian Gulf and Africa, 
where it has begun contesting traditional Western economic dominance.
China is keen to whittle down its dependence on the Malacca Strait for its 
commerce with Europe and West Asia. The US, on the contrary, is determined 
that China remains vulnerable to the choke point between Indonesia and 
Malaysia.
An engrossing struggle is breaking out. The US is unhappy with China's 
efforts to reach the warm waters of the Persian Gulf through the Central 
Asian region and Pakistan. Slowly but steadily, Washington is tightening the 
noose around the neck of the Pakistani elites - civilian and military - and 
forcing them to make a strategic choice between the US and China. This will 
put those elites in an unenviable dilemma. Like their Indian counterparts, 
they are inherently "pro-Western" (even when they are "anti-American") and 
if the Chinese connection is important for Islamabad, that is primarily 
because it balances perceived Indian hegemony.
The existential questions with which the Pakistani elites are grappling are 
apparent. They are seeking answers from Obama. Can Obama maintain a balanced 
relationship vis-a-vis Pakistan and India? Or, will Obama lapse back to the 
George W Bush era strategy of building up India as the pre-eminent power in 
the Indian Ocean under whose shadow Pakistan will have to learn to live?
US-India-Israel axis
On the other hand, the Indian elites are in no compromising mood. Delhi was 
on a roll during the Bush days. Now, after the initial misgivings about 
Obama's political philosophy, Delhi is concluding that he is all but a clone 
of his illustrious predecessor as regards the broad contours of the US's 
global strategy - of which containment of China is a core template.
The comfort level is palpably rising in Delhi with regard to the Obama 
presidency. Delhi takes the surge of the Israeli lobby in Washington as the 
litmus test for the Obama presidency. The surge suits Delhi, since the 
Jewish lobby was always a helpful ally in cultivating influence in the US 
Congress, media and the rabble-rousing think-tankers as well as successive 
administrations. And all this is happening at a time when the India-Israel 
security relationship is gaining greater momentum.
United States Defense Secretary Robert Gates is due to visit Delhi in the 
coming days. The Obama administration is reportedly adopting an increasingly 
accommodative attitude toward India's longstanding quest for "dual-use" 
technology from the US. If so, a massive avenue of military cooperation is 
about to open between the two countries, which will make India a serious 
challenger to China's growing military prowess. It is a win-win situation as 
the great Indian arms bazaar offers highly lucrative business for American 
companies.
Clearly, a cozy three-way US-Israel-India alliance provides the underpinning 
for all the maneuvering that is going on. It will have significance for the 
security of the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula. 
Last year, India formalized a naval presence in Oman.
All-in-all, terrorism experts are counting the trees and missing the wood 
when they analyze the US foray into Yemen in the limited terms of hunting 
down al-Qaeda. The hard reality is that Obama, whose main plank used to be 
"change", has careened away and increasingly defaults to the global 
strategies of the Bush era. The freshness of the Obama magic is dissipating. 
Traces of the "revisionism" in his foreign policy orientation are beginning 
to surface. We can see them already with regard to Iran, Afghanistan, the 
Middle East and the Israel-Palestine problem, Central Asia and towards China 
and Russia.
Arguably, this sort of "return of the native" by Obama was inevitable. For 
one thing, he is but a creature of his circumstances. As someone put it 
brilliantly, Obama's presidency is like driving a train rather than a car: a 
train cannot be "steered", the driver can at best set its speed, but 
ultimately, it must run on its tracks.
Besides, history has no instances of a declining world power meekly 
accepting its destiny and walking into the sunset. The US cannot give up on 
its global dominance without putting up a real fight. And the reality of all 
such momentous struggles is that they cannot be fought piece-meal. You 
cannot fight China without occupying Yemen.

 By M K Bhadrakumar
a modo suo un articolo interessante. Con molte conferme.