Newsgroup: it.politica.internazionale
Titolo: [Yom Azmaut] L'Alyah Bet

Mentre Yom Hazmaut si avvicina, due sopravvissuti dell'Exodus si 
reincontrano.
Breve storia del ritorno a casa clandestino di decine di migliaia di 
ebrei, che sfidarono il blocco inglese nel periodo tra persecuzione 
nazista e indipendenza dello Stato d'Israele.
Tb
--------------------------------------------------------
The Aliyah Bet
By Shoshanna Lockshin
Two men who now live in Southern Ohio were aboard the most famous of the 
"illegal" ships that sailed to Palestine after World War II, the Exodus 
1947. Irv Szames, who survived the Holocaust as a child by hiding in the 
forests of Poland, was among 4500 Jewish passengers crammed into the 
worn-out coastal passenger ship originally owned by the United States. 
Bernie Marx, an American Jew, volunteered to serve on its crew, having 
been a deck officer in the US Navy during World War II.
In 1947 Bernie was enrolled at the University of Cincinnati when he 
received a phone call that changed his life. The next day he was on a 
train to New York, and the following week on a boat to Europe, where he 
joined the crew of the Exodus 1947.
When asked why he volunteered, Bernie replies, "I had had enough of all 
this Nazi business. If not me--who? If not now, when? Isn't that what 
Judaism says?" More than fifty years later, Irv still looks at Bernie 
with adoration: "We thought that the crew members were like gods. We 
looked up to them. They gave us the enthusiasm to fight." And what did 
the crew think of the young passengers on board the Exodus? "These kids 
were full of spirit. They were wonderful--grade A plus plus plus." With 
regret, Bernie adds that he was so busy that he never got the 
opportunity to really know these courageous survivors.
This Yom HaAtzma-ut, as we celebrate fifty-eight years of homecoming, 
growth and productivity in the State of Israel, we salute both Irv and 
Bernie for their courage and tenacity as part of the Aliyah Bet.
Aliyah is a Hebrew word meaning to ascend, to go up. It was first used 
to describe immigration to Palestine in 1882, when modern Zionist ideals 
began to take hold and motivate Jews, mostly from Eastern Europe, to 
move to Palestine. The term Aliyah Bet describes the illegal immigration 
that began just prior to World War II, in direct contravention to the 
British White Paper of 1939, which severely limited the number of Jews 
allowed to enter Palestine.
David Ben Gurion, the first and longest-standing Prime Minister of 
Israel, summarized the policy of those involved with the Aliyah Bet: "We 
will assist the British in the war as if there were no White Paper, and 
we must resist the White Paper as if there were no war." The leaders in 
Palestine refused to abandon their brothers and sisters in Europe. They 
arranged covert operations, bringing "illegal" immigrants into Palestine 
by land and by sea.
The British continued their restrictive immigration policy even after it 
became clear that the Nazis were carrying out a policy of genocide 
against the Jews. When the British captured Jews fleeing certain death, 
had they remained in Europe, they would transfer the Jews to desolate 
detention camps located on the islands of Cyprus or Mauritius.
During World War II, aside from the British restrictions, the efforts of 
the Aliyah Bet were constrained by the lack of contact with European 
countries, the hazards of maritime travel under wartime conditions and 
the difficulty of obtaining seaworthy vessels for transport. Several 
boatloads of immigrants who actually managed to reach Palestine were 
sent back by British authorities to Nazi Europe.
In total, some 16,000 illegal immigrants arrived by sea and another 
4,000 by land during World War II. This immigration, conducted under the 
most difficult circumstances, demonstrated the resolve of the Yishuv to 
bring immigrants to Palestine and the fierce desire of the immigrants 
themselves to reach the country.
After World War II ended, liberated Jews were desperate to leave Europe 
by any means. Some 250,000 Jewish refugees--Holocaust survivors--began 
making their way towards central and southern Europe, with Palestine as 
their final destination. This mass migration converged on the ports of 
Europe and became known as the Bricha, "the flight." Members of the 
Aliyah Bet in Palestine, joined by soldiers from a wartime British unit 
called the Jewish Brigade, members of Zionist youth movements and former 
allied soldiers and sailors, joined together to secretly move the 
survivors to the Jewish homeland.
Once the Jews completed their difficult trek over the Bricha routes in 
Europe, they faced a sea odyssey involving considerable danger and 
suffering. Despite the best efforts of the organizers, conditions on the 
ships were difficult. The sleeping bunks allotted to passengers were 
never over half a meter (19.5 inches) wide, and several levels were 
built one above the other. Overcrowding and sanitary conditions were 
horrific, and food and water rations were severely limited. To make 
matters worse, the sea voyage often stretched from an expected few days 
into a nightmare lasting several weeks.
In the three years from the end of World War II until the establishment 
of the State of Israel, most Jewish immigration to Palestine continued 
to be illegal. Sixty-six sailings were organized, but only a few managed 
to penetrate the British blockade and bring their passengers ashore. 
Many vessels were stopped by the British authorities, and the passengers 
were interned once again behind barbed wire. While approximately 80,000 
illegal immigrants reached Palestine during 1945-48, most of them 
arrived in Israel after the establishment of the State.
For Bernie Marx, it was his duty as a Jew to take part in Aliyah Bet. 
For Irv Szames, it was "the voyage that would take us home. It was the 
most important trip of my life."
Shoshanna Lockshin is Research and Development Manager at The Center for 
Holocaust and Humanity Education at HUC-JIR, Cincinnati.
The Center is dedicated to education, teacher and clergy training, 
advocacy, research, and program development. Our core mission is to 
guide current and future generations in post-Holocaust challenges facing 
individuals and our contemporary society. The Center is uniquely 
positioned to teach Holocaust Studies from academic, social, and 
communal perspectives.
For more information, visit the Center for Holocaust and Humanity web 
site or write us by clicking here.

 ebrei, che sfidarono il blocco inglese
Ecco perché non si muovevano dal paesucolo dei difensori di Basayev!
Perché c'era il blocco. ROTFL!!!!!!!!!!!
Hai letto come ha votato l'Urss per la nascita di Israele?
Hai letto chi ha fornito le armi nel 1948?
E sai dirmi come ha votato l'Inghilterra?
Dai, raccontacelo, Lord Haw camerata russofobo.
--
visitate 
http://www.comunisti-italiani.it/frames/index.htm
5 per mille all'Associazione di amicizia Italia-Cuba cod.fis.
96233920584

E sai dirmi come ha votato l'Inghilterra?
Astenuta. Un po' a causa dei cattivi rapporti che da qualche anno 
correvano con i sionisti. Un po' per il formalismo di ex potenza 
mandataria.
Tb


 
Stiamo parlando di esodi dall'URSS e dalla Russia assai piu' vicini a 
noi, signor furbetto.
Am.

 Tb
Gia'. Uno scadenzamento delle prime decisioni dell'ONU sulla Palestina e 
Israele negli anni 1940 l'ho trovato qui:
http://www.palestine-un.org/chron/forties.html
Am.

 mandataria.
ROTFL!!!!!!!!!!!!
Se era per quelli come Lord Haw, Israele non sarebbe mai nata!
Ringrazia L'Urss, pugnettabaruch invece di fare il cialtrone russofobo
alla amalric


 I Cecoslovacchi, in un tentativo di autonomizzarsi dall'Urss, 
A quanto ho letto l'URSS era ben consapevole e consenziente per i motivi
sopra esposti.
Palmiro Pangloss
-- 
Fight Integralism, Buy LEGO.
questo articolo e` stato inviato via web dal servizio gratuito 
http://www.newsland.it/news
 segnala gli abusi ad 
ab...@newsland.it

 ROTFL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
In altre parole ti sei dato la zappa sui piedi, come spesso accade. 
Perche' non  ci parli un poco di *oggi* degli studenti africani 
trucidati, dei baltici e ucraini assaltati, della discoteca gay sotto 
assedio, e della scarsa protezione che la polizia russa fornisce a 
queste minoranze?
Tutta roba che troverai su Mosnews...
Buon ritorno al futuro...
Am.

 ha scritto nel messaggio 
news:1146555053.7...@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com...
ROTFL!!!!!!!!!!!!
Se era per quelli come Lord Haw, Israele non sarebbe mai nata!
Ringrazia L'Urss,
le nazioni non hanno orecchie, cazzo le ringrazi a fare.
Io ringrazio le persone. Per esempio: 
http://www.alexsinger.org/
 

ROTFL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Dagli omicidi dei leader del comitato ebraico antifascista a quelli 
dei capi del Bund, fino al lancio della più estesa campagna di stampa 
antisemita che la Russia abbia mai visto, io ho sempre trovato questa 
storia molto poco comica. Sensibilità diverse.
Tb

 sopra esposti.
Mah. Tieni conto che in quel momento la Cecoslovacchia è ancora una 
democrazia.
In "ebrei invisibili" (consigliabilissimo libro sulla storia degli 
ebrei all'est, tutt'altro che ideologiamente schierato e il cui quadro 
anche psicologico della situazione -per quel che vale- mi sento di 
confermare in pieno, relativamente alle cose che conosco di persona ), 
si racconta una storia abbastanza diversa. E la stretta della morsa 
comunista sulla Cecoslavacchia coincide con la fine di ogni "aiuto" 
materiale a Israele.
Tb 

 In altre parole ti sei dato la zappa sui piedi, come spesso accade. 
come spesso accade amalric dai la prova di essere tarato visto che stai
rispondendo a qualche buontempone che si sta spacciando per me attraverso
gmail.com
 .
complimenda per l'arguzia eh?
-- 
visitate 
http://www.comunisti-italiani.it/frames/index.htm
5 per mille all'Associazione di amicizia Italia-Cuba cod.fis. 96233920584
questo articolo e` stato inviato via web dal servizio gratuito 


 
gmail.com
 .
ROTFL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Sei il solito cretinazzo.  Tanto si capisce che il vero .sergio. sono
io a maggior ragione che sono stato al Primo Maggio a salutare il tuo
amichetto naziglione
