Newsgroup: it.politica.internazionale
Titolo: CHI SONO I MUJAHEDDIN DEL POPOLO

CHI SONO I MUJAHEDDIN DEL POPOLO
I Mujaheddin del popolo - contro i quali martedì scorso è stata scatenata
dalle autorità francesi una vasta operazione di polizia che ha portato
all'arresto di 159 persone - sono il braccio armato del Consiglio nazionale
della resistenza iraniana (Cnri), principale movimento in esilio di
opposizione al regime degli ayatollah al potere a Tehran dal 1979. Fondati
da Massud Rajavi, i Mujaheddin del popolo (in persiano Mujaheddin-e Khalq,
Mko) sono un'organizzazione che si definisce «islamica di sinistra» e
parteciparono attivamente alla rivoluzione islamica del 1979 contro il
regime dello scià persiano Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Dopo la cacciata di quest'ultimo l'ascesa al potere nella repubblica
islamica dell'ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, i Mujaheddin entrarono in rotta
di collisione con il nuovo potere e furono costretti all'esilio. Rifugiatosi
in un primo momento in Francia, il loro leader Rajavi si stabilì poi
nell'Iraq di Saddam Hussein, dove organizzò la resistenza armata contro
Khomeini, approfittando del fatto che anche l'Iraq negli anni `80 era in
guerra contro il paese confinante, a maggioranza sciita. Dopo l'invasione
anglo-americana dell'Iraq del marzo scorso, i Mujaheddin del popolo si sono
scontrati con le truppe americane ma, il mese scorso, hanno raggiunto un
accordo di cessate il fuoco con le truppe occupanti.
Il Consiglio nazionale della resistenza iraniana (Cnri), di cui i Mujaheddin
rappresentano l'ala armata, è attualmente guidato dalla moglie del fondatore
dei Mujaheddin, Maryam Rajavi, che è stata arrestata martedì scorso dalla
polizia francese assieme ad altri 158 dissidenti iraniani. Nel maggio 2002
l'Unione europea, così come avevano già fatto gli Stati uniti, ha inserito i
Mujaheddin del popolo nella lista delle organizzazioni terroristiche,
lasciando però al di fuori di quest'ultima il Cnri, che ha diversi uffici
sia nella capitale americana Washington, che in alcuni paesi europei.
--
Pomero da
Il Manifesto

 ha scritto nel messaggio
news:okBIa.104444$Ny5.3...@twister2.libero.it...
[cut]
Caro Pomero,
a completamento dell'art. dal Manif., ri-posto (credo) un articolo di un
mese fa (credo) da "Asia Times". Shalom.
Namib
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/EE08Ak01.html
US terror tactics in Iran
By Hooman Peimani
At the end of its military operation in April, the US military reached a
ceasefire agreement with an Iraqi-based Iranian group, the Mujahideen-e
Khalq Organization (MKO), a group declared by the US and British members of
the "coalition of the willing" as terrorist. While the Americans described
the agreement as a step toward the MKO's surrender, the group's backing by
many members of the US Congress and its own claim of a rapprochement
suggested a deal between the two sides.
Until the April agreement, designating a terrorist status to the MKO was the
only common view of Tehran and the United States. In its efforts to
normalize estranged US-Iranian ties, the Bill Clinton administration added
the MKO to its list of terrorist organizations in the late 1990s. It also
conducted an inquiry into the group's fundraising activities in the US.
Notwithstanding these developments, the MKO, also operating under the name
of the National Council of Resistance, has enjoyed the backing of many
members of Congress. Viewing the MKO as an acceptable alternative to the
current Iranian regime, on many occasions they have demanded the US
government's support of the group to overthrow the Iranian regime.
While the US seems to have changed its policy toward the MKO, the European
Union, which declared it a terrorist group last year, insists on its stance
despite the MKO-US agreement. The official Iranian News agency, IRNA,
reported Cristina Gallach, spokeswoman for EU foreign-policy chief Javier
Solana, as stating on April 30, "For the EU, the MKO continues to be a
terrorist group. There has been no change in the decision. This
consideration continues to be the policy of the EU regardless of what has
been going on in Iraq in recent weeks."
The MKO emerged as an underground anti-Shah-regime group in the early 1960s.
Subscribing to Islam as its ideology, its political and economic views drew
heavily from Marxism. Its advocacy for armed struggle resulted in bombing of
government buildings and many assassinations of mainly low-level
pro-government civilians and police and military personnel, as well as a few
US military personnel stationed in Iran in the 1960s and the 1970s. The
Iranian authorities' systematic crackdown of the group resulted in its
paralysis. By the time of the 1979 Iranian revolution, most of its cadres
had been killed, were imprisoned or lived abroad.
A few months prior to its collapse, the Shah regime's release of political
prisoners and a significant relaxation of its authoritarian grip on society
helped the MKO revitalize itself. After the 1979 revolution, the
politicization of Iranian society and a growing dissatisfaction of Iranians
with the Islamic regime helped the MKO mushroom rapidly as an opposition
group.
In its effort to ascend to power, the MKO sided with Iranian president
Abolhassan Banisadr, who, ironically, became critical of the Iranian regime.
His sudden removal by the late ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1981 and a
subsequent government crackdown on all major opposition groups was followed
by the MKO's resort to arms to topple the regime. Its launching a campaign
of assassination and bombing resulted in the deaths of many pro-government
civilian and military/security personnel at different levels, including a
president (Mohammad-Ali Rajaei) and a prime minister (Ali-Akbar Bahonar) and
many high-ranking figures of the then ruling Islamic Republic Party.
However, the MKO failed to destabilize the regime, which instituted a
massive crackdown on its members and supporters. By 1983, it practically
ceased to exist as a group inside Iran capable of posing a serious threat to
the Iranian government.
Many MKO members, including its leaders, fled to Western countries in the
early 1980s, only to reorganize their group in Iraq, a neighboring country
at war with Iran, which opened its doors to the MKO rank and file. Seeking
to weaken the Iranian regime to achieve its expansionist objectives, the
Saddam Hussein regime armed the MKO and provided it with bases from where it
launched many attacks on the Iranian military at war with Iraq. It also
conducted many assassination and bombing operations inside Iran, mainly in
neighboring provinces, during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-88).
At the end of the war, the MKO became an Iraq-based group with a limited
number of sympathizers among Iranians abroad and a small and ineffective
underground organization inside Iran. Its cooperation with the Iraqi regime
led to its complete loss of popular support inside Iran as the war left
about 1.5 million Iranians dead and wounded and caused massive destruction
of its oil and other industries, agriculture, and infrastructure estimated
at about US$1 trillion. The Saddam regime used the MKO until its collapse to
pressure Tehran as well as in the suppression of Iraqi Kurds and Shi'ites
who rose after the 1991 Gulf War, as confirmed by their respective political
groups.
Like many other Iranian high-ranking officials, Iranian leader Ayatollah Ali
Khamenei condemned last month's agreement as a clear case of hypocrisy in
the US war on terrorism. Citing the US government's declaration of the MKO
as terrorist, he stated on April 30, "Now, America supports them. It shows
terrorism is bad if terrorists are not America's servants. But if terrorists
become America's servants, then they are not bad. It's a test, showing how
America ridicules fighting terrorism and democracy."
In response to such remarks, on the same day the US State Department's
counterterrorism coordinator, Cofer Black, rejected the characterization of
the April agreement as a cooperation pact. "The US government does not
negotiate with terrorists. The MKO's opposition to the Iranian government
does not change the fact that they are a terrorist organization. We
understand the agreement on the ground, in the field, is a prelude to the
group's surrender. Commanders make tactical decisions in conflict with enemy
combatants."
He added, "This is a pretty special group. They're a foreign terrorist
organization. They are not well liked in Iraq. They could not be put with a
general prisoner population. They are following the orders of the coalition
commanders, and their situation will be addressed in the coming days and
weeks."
Despite Black's denial, evidence suggests otherwise. In spite of its status
as a terrorist group in the United States, the MKO operates freely in that
country and holds an office in Washington. For more than a decade, many US
politicians have backed the group. Last November, 150 members of Congress
signed a petition urging the administration of President George W Bush to
remove the MKO from its terrorist list.
The MKO representatives abroad claim that last month's agreement provides
for their group to maintain its bases, fighters and weapons in Iraq and to
continue its operation from Iraq to overthrow the Iranian regime. Its claim
of fighting with Iranian "infiltrators" suggests its freedom of action in
Iraq after reaching agreement. In its April 30 statement, the group claimed
two clashes with Iran's Revolutionary Guard units allegedly crossing into
Iraq during which two MKO fighters were wounded and three attackers were
killed. No evidence has been provided so far to that effect and the Iranian
government has denied the claim.
In the post-Saddam era, the US government's fear of Iran's capability to
expand its influence in Iraq through pro-Iranian Iraqi Shi'ite groups
capitalizing on the Iraq Shi'ites' politicization seems to have convinced it
of the utility of the MKO. Although it is too weak and isolated to become an
alternative to the Iranian regime, its Iraq-based fighters could be used to
dissuade Tehran from backing the Iraqi Shi'ites. Washington's apparent
intention of using the MKO to pressure the Iranian government demonstrates
an expanding state of hostility toward Iran in the United States that could
potentially lead to major conflicts of a political and military nature.
Dr Hooman Peimani works as an independent consultant with international
organizations in Geneva and does research in international rela

 ha scritto nel messaggio
news:okBIa.104444$Ny5.3...@twister2.libero.it...
E una parola di solidarietą verso questo movimento di sinistra in lotta
contro la dittatura non si dice?
Ciao
Ad'I

Arduino D'Ivrea ha scritto:


Guarda che quel movimento non lotta per la democrazia, infatti il loro
leader sarebbe il presidente di un ipoteticissimo Iran da loro liberato.
-- 
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 By Hooman Peimani
Grazie della tua attenzione, anche a  nome di chi conosce l'inglese
Pomero


Quando un popolo lotta contro una dittatura, inutile indagare sulla
democraticità di alcuni movimenti, con questo metro qualcuno avrebbe potuto
negare ai comunisti di partecipare alla resistenza. Chi lotta contro la
dittatura è democratico.
Caso mai dopo la vittoria si porrà attenzione a che non travalichi oltre i
limiti della democraticità.
Ciao
Ad'I


Non lo sai che Pomero legge solo il Manifesto? scommetto che è pure socio
della cooperativa proprietaria del suo giornale totem.