Newsgroup: it.comp.giochi.simulatori.volo
Titolo: Pushback

Ciao cari colleghi piloti!
Il mio training quotidiano sta dando buoni frutti! Decollo e atterro
tranquillamente con i 737, 747, 777!
Qualche anima pia mi spiega cos'è il pushback, a cosa serve e come funziona?
Ciao!!
--
enri...@libero.it
enr...@enricofranchini.com
ICQ: 54410316

 Qualche anima pia mi spiega cos'è il pushback, a cosa serve e come funziona?
E` la retromarcia che gli aerei fanno per uscire dal parcheggio. Di
solito sono spinti con una specie di trattore, ma alcuni aerei e in
particolari condizioni possono anche farlo con il reverse.
Ciao
Franco

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 davvero alcuni aerei eseguono il pb con i reverse?
Si`, il 757 (o forse il 767, non ricordo quale dei due) puo` fare il
pushback con il reverse: essenzialmente solo i turbofan con alto
rapporto di diluizione. Devono essere soddisfatte alcune condizioni, del
tipo piazzale pulito (niente sassolini o acqua per terra), ci sono delle
limitazioni su tempo e potenza erogabile dai motori, ci deve essere
personale a terra per dirigere la manovra, non si possono usare i freni
per fermarsi in retro e altre amenita` del genere. Altre limitazioni
derivano ad esempio dalle  regolamentazioni aeroportuali, ma il manuale
del velivolo prevede qeusta possibilita`.
Ciao
Franco

 davvero alcuni aerei eseguono il pb con i reverse?
Ho trovato il pezzo di manuale del 757/767 con i requirements per il
powerback:
Allego sotto. 
Ciao
Franco
"Powerback operations may only be performed when specifically authorised
by
Flight Management. Powerback procedures are NOT PERMITTED for the 767.
The
following conditions must be observed:-
Powerback is not permitted under conditions of slush, ice, snow,
standing water
or if the ramp or apron is in any way contaminated or dirty.
Both thrust reversers must be serviceable.
Powerback operations will be performed by the Captain only.
The marshalling signals for Powerback in FCOs 1134 must be observed.
The following 757 Powerback Checklist should be used:-
1. Review the parking stand area to remove all loose equipment and
debris to   
minimise risk of ingestion. Confirm that there is adequate clearance
behind   
the aircraft to complete a 'powerback'.
2. Discuss specific procedure to be used with Ground Engineer including
the   
marshalling instructions.
3. After engine start, Ground Engineer will confirm ground equipment and
nose  
 gear steering pin removed.
4. Establish that the aircraft could safely move forward 2 to 3 metres.
   Position a chock in front of the nose wheel at this point as a "long
stop"  
 to prevent further forward movement.
5. Obtain ATC clearnace for "Powerback"
6. Obtain Engineers clearance for powerback. Release brakes and allow
aircaft  
 to move forward approximately 1 metre to ensure brakes released and
clear   
flat spots on the tyres.
   As forward motion is established, select reverse idle. This setting
should  
 be sufficient to arrest forawrd motion and commence rearwards movement.
   BOTH PILOTS PLACE FEET UNDER THE RUDDER PEDALS. IT IS VITAL THAT
BRAKES ARE 
  NEVER APPLIED WHILE REVERSING.
   (When reverse idle is selected during powerback, the speedbrakes will
deploy
   automatically.)
7. It may be necessary to select power in excess of reverse idle to
achieve   
rearwards movement. Once moving, re-select reverse idle if possible. In
any   
event, do not exceed 50% N1, and power usage above 40% N1 must be
recorded   
subsequently in the Tech Log.
8. Control aircraft speed by engine thrust. (Alternate selections of
reverse   
idle and forward idle may be necessary.) Manoeuvre aircraft in
accordance   
with marshalling instructions using thrust and nose-wheel steering
tiller.   
Sharp turns should be avoided.
   In confined areas, it may be necessary to employ a series of
forward/back   
manoeuvres to position the aircraft. Such manoevures should be
discussed    
with the Ground Engineer prior to commencement of powerback procedure.
9. The aircraft should be brought to a halt by selecting forward idle.
The   
aircraft will move a further 5 metres approximately before naturally
coming   
to a halt.
   Ensure aircraft has stopped. When forward motion detected, apply
footbrakes 
  gently, and then parking brake.
10.Obtain ATC and Ground Engineer's clearnace for taxy.
(Manually retract spoilers by placing lever forward at completion of
powerback
procedure.)

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