Newsgroup: it.cultura.religioni.buddhismo
Titolo: Upaya

Qualcuno mi può tradurre il termine "Upaya"
con parole semplici?
Ho cercato su Google con il risultato di capire niente.
Ciao e gracias a todos!



mezzi/espedienti abili

Ho cercato su Google con il risultato di capire niente.
vedi qui:
http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/tamil/mwd_search.html
Entry  upAya
Meaning  m. coming near , approach , arrival Bhartr2. ; that by which
one reaches one's aim , a means or expedient (of any kind) , way ,
stratagem , craft , artifice MBh. Mn. Ya1jn5. Pan5cat. &c. ; (esp.) a
means of success against an enemy (four are usually enumerated ,
sowing dissension , negotiation , bribery , and open assault) ;
joining in or accompanying (in singing) S3a1n3khS3r.
anche qui:
http://www.acmuller.net/ddb/term-sa.html
[Basic Meaning:] expedient means; beneficent deception 
Senses:
-application; (Skt. prayoga; Tib. sbyor ba) [s.hodge] 
-a method, means; (Skt. up?ya; Tib. thabs) [s.hodge] 
-A method, a means, a device for saving sentient beings;
(up?ya-kau?alya). Excellent method for converting beings. The wisdom
of being able to save sentient beings by knowing discriminated
phenomena. A temporary teaching established in order to lead sentient
beings to the true teaching. This is a subject of primary importance
in the Lotus Sutra. The full form of the word in Chinese is Also
方便善巧, but this is not seen that often in actual usage. 
-The seventh of the Ten Perfections. 
-A plan, scheme, design (?rambha). See 方便罪. 
-Usage of metaphor in teaching. 
-Chinese Buddhists utilized the doctrine of expedient means to help
deal with the hermeneutical problem of reconciling the disparities
among the different teachings attributed to the Buddha?to explain that
the differences in the teachings of the Buddha delivered in his
forty-nine year ministry were were the result of the different
audiences he addressed. 
-"up?ya. Convenient to the place, or situation, suited to the
condition, opportune, appropriate; but 方 is interpreted as 方法
method, mode, plan, and 便 as 便用 convenient for use, i. e. a
convenient or expedient method; also 方 as 方正 and 便 as 巧妙, which
implies strategically correct. It is also intp. as 權道智 partial,
temporary, or relative (teaching of) knowledge of reality, in contrast
with 般若智 prajn?, and 眞實 absolute truth, or reality instead of the
seeming. The term is a translation of 傴和 up?ya, a mode of approach,
an expedient, stratagem, device. The meaning is? teaching according to
the capacity of the hearer, by any suitable method, including that of
device or stratagem, but expedience beneficial to the recipient is
understood. Mah?y?na claims that the Buddha used this expedient or
partial method in his teaching until near the end of his days, when he
enlarged it to the revelation of reality, or the preaching of his
final and complete truth; H?nay?na with reason denies this, and it is
evident that the Mah?y?na claim has no foundation, for the whole of
its 方等 or 方廣 scriptures are of later invention. Tiantai speaks of
the 三乘 q. v. or Three Vehicles as 方便 expedient or partial
revelations, and of its 一乘 or One Vehicle as the complete revelation
of universal Buddhahood. This is the teaching of the Lotus Sutra,
which itself contains 方便 teaching to lead up to the full revelation;
hence the terms 體内 (or 同體 ) 方便, i. e. expedient or partial
truths within the full revelation, meaning the expedient part of the
Lotus, and 體外方便 the expedient or partial truths of the teaching
which preceded the Lotus; see the 方便品 of that work, also the second
chapter of the 維摩經. 方便 is also the seventh of the ten p?ramit?s."
[soothill] 
[il lessico di soothill, quello da cui e' tratta l'ultima voce, va
preso conle pinze perche' e' un opera molto datata]
vedi anche su edgerton (che non credo sia online) in cui si dice che
il significato in sanscrito ibrido buddhista e' pressoche' identico al
sanscrito ma aggiunge qualche nota ed elenca molti composti come
upaayakau'salya etc.
ciao,
s 
