Newsgroup: it.comp.os.linux.iniziare
Titolo: Aiuto per posta [dettagliato & lungo]

Salve a tutti,
ho qualche problema con la posta sotto la mia linux box...
La mia situazione:
Debian 2.2 su Acer Travelmate 513T. 
Fetchmail, procmail, postfix installati!
Fetchmail funziona benissimo, scarica la posta dai miei indirizzi, 
(lo controllo con le -vvvvv), le passa a procmail, che le smista a
dovere:
solitamente in /home/utente/nsmail/Inbox (per essere lette con
Netscape),
tranne quelle per cui esistono le regole, che vengono messe si in
../nsmail/, ma con nomi diversi!
Leggo la posta, tutto ok, ma quando decido di postare io...
accadono i problemi... Netscape spedisce a localhost, dove risponde
postfix, 
i messaggi vengono messi in coda, ma poi non vengono spediti...
Chi mi puo' aiutare?
Credo che il problema sia nella configurazione di postfix, 
cosi' vi posto anche quelli...
/etc/postfix/
main.cf
 # Global Postfix configuration file. This file lists only a subset
 # of all 100+ parameters. See the 
sample-xxx.cf
 files for a full list.
 # 
 # The general format is lines with parameter = value pairs. Lines
 # that begin with whitespace continue the previous line. A value can
 # contain references to other $names or ${name}s.
 # LOCAL PATHNAME INFORMATION
 #
 # The queue_directory specifies the location of the Postfix queue.
 # This is also the root directory of Postfix daemons that run chrooted.
 # See the files in examples/chroot-setup for setting up Postfix chroot
 # environments on different UNIX systems.
 #
 queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
 # The command_directory parameter specifies the location of all
 # postXXX commands.  The default value is $program_directory.
 #
 program_directory = /usr/sbin
 command_directory = $program_directory
 # The daemon_directory parameter specifies the location of all Postfix
 # daemon programs (i.e. programs listed in the 
master.cf
 file). The
 # default value is $program_directory. This directory must be owned
 # by root.
 #
 daemon_directory = /usr/lib/postfix
 # QUEUE AND PROCESS OWNERSHIP
 #
 # The mail_owner parameter specifies the owner of the Postfix queue
 # and of most Postfix daemon processes.  Specify the name of a user
 # account THAT DOES NOT SHARE A GROUP WITH OTHER ACCOUNTS AND THAT
 # OWNS NO OTHER FILES OR PROCESSES ON THE SYSTEM.  In particular,
 # don't specify nobody or daemon. PLEASE USE A DEDICATED USER.
 #
 mail_owner = postfix
 # The default_privs parameter specifies the default rights used by
 # the local delivery agent for delivery to external file or command.
 # These rights are used in the absence of a recipient user context.
 # DO NOT SPECIFY A PRIVILEGED USER OR THE POSTFIX OWNER.
 #
 default_privs = nobody
 # INTERNET HOST AND DOMAIN NAMES
 # 
 # The myhostname parameter specifies the internet hostname of this
 # mail system. The default is to use the fully-qualified domain name
 # from gethostname(). $myhostname is used as a default value for many
 # other configuration parameters.
 #
 #myhostname = 
host.domain.name
 #myhostname = 
virtual.domain.name
 # The mydomain parameter specifies the local internet domain name.
 # The default is to use $myhostname minus the first component.
 # $mydomain is used as a default value for many other configuration
 # parameters.
 #
 #mydomain = 
domain.name
 # SENDING MAIL
 # 
 # The myorigin parameter specifies the domain that locally-posted
 # mail appears to come from. The default is to append $myhostname,
 # which is fine for small sites.  If you run a domain with multiple
 # machines, you should (1) change this to $mydomain and (2) set up
 # a domain-wide alias database that aliases each user to
 # us...@that.users.mailhost.
 #
 #myorigin = $myhostname
 #myorigin = $mydomain
 # RECEIVING MAIL
 # The inet_interfaces parameter specifies the network interface
 # addresses that this mail system receives mail on.  By default,
 # the software claims all active interfaces on the machine. The
 # parameter also controls delivery of mail to user@[ip.address].
 #
 inet_interfaces = all
 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname
 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname, localhost
 # The mydestination parameter specifies the list of domains that this
 # machine considers itself the final destination for. That does not
 # include domains that are hosted on this machine. Those domains are
 # specified elsewhere (see 
sample-virtual.cf
, and 
sample-transport.cf
).
 #
 # The default is $myhostname + localhost.$mydomain.  On a mail domain
 # gateway, you should also include $mydomain. Do not specify the
 # names of domains that this machine is backup MX host for. Specify
 # those names via the relay_domains or permit_mx_backup settings for
 # the SMTP server (see 
sample-smtpd.cf
.
 #
 # The local machine is always the final destination for mail addressed
 # to user@[the.net.work.address] of an interface that the mail system
 # receives mail on (see the inet_interfaces parameter).
 #
 # Specify a list of host or domain names, /file/name or type:table
 # patterns, separated by commas and/or whitespace. A /file/name
 # pattern is replaced by its contents; a type:table is matched when
 # a name matches a lookup key.  Continue long lines by starting the
 # next line with whitespace.
 #
 # DO NOT LIST VIRTUAL DOMAINS HERE. LIST THEM IN THE VIRTUAL FILE
 # INSTEAD. BE SURE TO READ THE ENTIRE VIRTUAL MANUAL PAGE.
 #
 #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain
 #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain $mydomain
 mydestination = $myhostname
 #	mail.$mydomain, www.$mydomain, ftp.$mydomain
 # REJECTING UNKNOWN LOCAL USERS
 #
 # The local_recipient_maps parameter specifies optional lookup tables
 # with all users that are local with respect to $mydestination and
 # $inet_interfaces.  If this parameter is defined, then the SMTP server
 # will reject mail for unknown local users.
 #
 # The local_recipient_maps parameter accepts tables with bare usernames
 # such as unix:passwd.byname and alias maps.
 #
 # Beware: if the Postfix SMTP server runs chrooted, you may have to
 # copy the passwd database into the jail. This is system dependent.
 #
 # FOR THIS TO WORK, DO NOT SPECIFY VIRTUAL DOMAINS IN MYDESTINATION.
 # MYDESTINATION MUST LIST NON-VIRTUAL DOMAINS ONLY.
 #
 #local_recipient_maps = $alias_maps unix:passwd.byname
 # ADDRESS REWRITING
 #
 # Insert text from 
sample-rewrite.cf
 if you need to do address
 # masquerading.
 #
 # Insert text from 
sample-canonical.cf
 if you need to do address
 # rewriting, or if you need username->Firstname.Lastname mapping.
 # ADDRESS REDIRECTION (VIRTUAL DOMAIN)
 #
 # Insert text from 
sample-virtual.cf
 if you need virtual domain support.
 # "USER HAS MOVED" BOUNCE MESSAGES
 #
 # Insert text from 
sample-relocated.cf
 if you need "user has moved"
 # style bounce messages. Alternatively, you can bounce recipients
 # with an SMTP server access table. See 
sample-smtpd.cf
.
 # TRANSPORT MAP
 #
 # Insert text from 
sample-transport.cf
 if you need explicit routing.
 # ALIAS DATABASE
 #
 # The alias_maps parameter specifies the list of alias databases used
 # by the local delivery agent. The default list is system dependent.
 # On systems with NIS, the default is to search the local alias
 # database, then the NIS alias database. See aliases(5) for syntax
 # details.
 # 
 # If you change the alias database, run "postalias /etc/aliases" (or
 # wherever your system stores the mail alias file), or simply run
 # "newaliases" to build the necessary DBM or DB file.
 #
 # It will take a minute or so before changes become visible.  Use
 # "postfix reload" to eliminate the delay.
 #
 #alias_maps = dbm:/etc/aliases
 #alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
 #alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases
 #alias_maps = netinfo:/aliases
 # The alias_database parameter specifies the alias database(s) that
 # are built with "newaliases" or "sendmail -bi".  This is a separate
 # configuration parameter, because alias_maps (see above) may specify
 # tables that are not necessarily all under control by Postfix.
 #
 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/aliases
 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/mail/aliases
 #alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
 #alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/opt/majordomo/aliases
 # ADDRESS EXTENSIONS (e.g., user+foo)
 #
 # The recipient_delimiter parameter specifies the separator between
 # user names and address extensions (user+foo). See canonical(5),
 # local(8), relocated(5) and virtual(5) for the effects this has on
 # aliases, canonical, virtual, relocated and .forward file lookups.
 # Basically, the software tries user+foo and .forward+foo before
 # trying user and .forward.
 #
 # recipient_delimiter = +
 # DELIVERY TO MAILBOX
 #
 # The home_mailbox parameter specifies the optional pathname of a
 # mailbox file relative to a user's home directory. The default
 # mailbox file is /var/spool/mail/user or /var/mail/user.  Specify
 # "Maildir/" for qmail-style delivery (the / is required).
 #
 #home_mailbox = Mailbox
 #home_mailbox = Maildir/
 # The mail_spool_directory parameter specifies the directory where
 # UNIX-style mailboxes are kept. The default setting depends on the
 # system type.
 #
 # mail_spool_directory = /var/mail
 mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail
 # The mailbox_command parameter specifies the optional external
 # command to use instead of mailbox delivery. The command is run as
 # the recipient with proper HOME, SHELL and LOGNAME environment settings.
 # Exception:  delivery for root is done as $default_user.
 #
 # Other environment variables of interest: USER (recipient username),
 # EXTENSION (address extension), DOMAIN (domain part of address),
 # and LOCAL (the address localpart).
 #
 # Unlike other Postfix configuration parameters, the mailbox_command
 # parameter is not subjected to $parameter substitutions. This is to
 # make it easier to specify shell syntax (see example below).
 #
 # Avoid shell meta characters because they will force Postfix to run
 # an expensive shell process. Procmail alone is expensive enough.
 #
 # IF YOU USE THIS TO DELIVER MAIL SYSTEM-WIDE, YOU MUST SET UP AN
 # ALIAS THAT FORWARDS MAIL FOR ROOT TO A REAL USER.
 #
 mailbox_command = /usr/bin/procmail
 #mailbox_command = /usr/bin/procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
 # The mailbox_transport specifies the optional transport in 
master.cf
 # to use after processing aliases and .forward files. This parameter
 # has precedence over the mailbox_command, fallback_transport and
 # luser_relay parameters.
 #
 #mailbox_transport = cyrus
 # The fallback_transport specifies the optional transport in 
master.cf
 # to use for recipients that are not found in the UNIX passwd database.
 # This parameter has precedence over the luser_relay parameter.
 #
 #fallback_transport =
 # The luser_relay parameter specifies an optional destination address
 # for unknown recipients.  By default, mail for unknown local recipients
 # is bounced.
 #
 # The following expansions are done on luser_relay: $user (recipient
 # username), $shell (recipient shell), $home (recipient home directory),
 # $recipient (full recipient address), $extension (recipient address
 # extension), $domain (recipient domain), $local (entire recipient
 # localpart), $recipient_delimiter. Specify ${name?value} or
 # ${name:value} to expand value only when $name does (does not) exist.
 #
 # luser_relay = $us...@other.host
 # luser_relay = $lo...@other.host
 # luser_relay = admin+$local
 # JUNK MAIL CONTROLS
 # 
 # The controls listed here are only a very small subset. See the file
 # 
sample-smtpd.cf
 for an elaborate list of anti-UCE controls.
 # The header_checks parameter restricts what may appear in message
 # headers. This requires that POSIX or PCRE regular expression support
 # is built-in. Specify "/^header-name: stuff you do not want/ REJECT"
 # in the pattern file. Patterns are case-insensitive by default. Note:
 # specify only patterns ending in REJECT. Patterns ending in OK are
 # mostly a waste of cycles.
 #
 #header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/filename
 #header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/filename
 # The relay_domains parameter restricts what clients this mail system
 # will relay mail from, or what destinations this system will relay
 # mail to.  See the smtpd_recipient_restrictions restriction in the
 # file 
sample-smtpd.cf
.
 #
 # By default, Postfix relays mail
 # - from trusted clients whose IP address matches $mynetworks, 
 # - from trusted clients matching $relay_domains or subdomains thereof,
 # - from untrusted clients to destinations that match $relay_domains
 #   or subdomains thereof, except addresses with sender-specified routing.
 # The default relay_domains value is $mydestination.
 # 
 # In addition to the above, the Postfix SMTP server by default accepts mail
 # that Postfix is final destination for:
 # - destinations that match $inet_interfaces,
 # - destinations that match $mydestination
 # - destinations that match $virtual_maps.
 # These destinations do not need to be listed in $relay_domains.
 # 
 # Specify a list of hosts or domains, /file/name patterns or type:name
 # lookup tables, separated by commas and/or whitespace.  Continue
 # long lines by starting the next line with whitespace. A file name
 # is replaced by its contents; a type:name table is matched when a
 # (parent) domain appears as lookup key.
 #
 # NOTE: Postfix will not automatically forward mail for domains that
 # list this system as their primary or backup MX host. See the
 # permit_mx_backup restriction in the file 
sample-smtpd.cf
.
 #
 #relay_domains = $mydestination
 
 # The mynetworks parameter specifies the list of networks that are
 # local to this machine.  The list is used by the anti-UCE software
 # to distinguish local clients from strangers. See permit_mynetworks
 # and smtpd_recipient_restrictions in the file 
sample-smtpd.cf
 file.
 #
 # The default is a list of all networks attached to the machine:  a
 # complete class A network (X.0.0.0/8), a complete class B network
 # (X.X.0.0/16), and so on. If you want stricter control, specify a
 # list of network/mask patterns, where the mask specifies the number
 # of bits in the network part of a host address. You can also specify
 # the absolute pathname of a pattern file instead of listing the
 # patterns here.
 #
 mynetworks = 
127.0.0.0/8
 #mynetworks = $config_directory/mynetworks
 
 # SHOW SOFTWARE VERSION OR NOT
 #
 # The smtpd_banner parameter specifies the text that follows the 220
 # status code in the SMTP greeting banner. Some people like to see
 # the mail version advertised. By default, Postfix shows no version.
 #
 # You MUST specify the $myhostname at the start of the text. When
 # the SMTP client sees its own hostname at the start of an SMTP
 # greeting banner it will report a mailer loop. That's better than
 # having a machine meltdown.
 #
 #smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
 smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name ($mail_version)
 
 # PARALLEL DELIVERY TO THE SAME DESTINATION
 #
 # How many parallel deliveries to the same user or domain? With local
 # delivery, it does not make sense to do massively parallel delivery
 # to the same user, because mailbox updates must happen sequentially,
 # and expensive pipelines in .forward files can cause disasters when
 # too many are run at the same time. With SMTP deliveries, 10
 # simultaneous connections to the same domain could be sufficient to
 # raise eyebrows.
 # 
 # Each message delivery transport has its XXX_destination_concurrency_limit
 # parameter.  The default is $default_destination_concurrency_limit.
 
 local_destination_concurrency_limit = 2
 default_destination_concurrency_limit = 10
 
 # DEBUGGING CONTROL
 #
 # The debug_peer_level parameter specifies the increment in verbose
 # logging level when an SMTP client or server host name or address
 # matches a pattern in the debug_peer_list parameter.
 #
 debug_peer_level = 2
 
 # The debug_peer_list parameter specifies an optional list of domain
 # or network patterns, /file/name patterns or type:name tables. When
 # an SMTP client or server host name or address matches a pattern,
 # increase the verbose logging level by the amount specified in the
 # debug_peer_level parameter.
 #
 # debug_peer_list = 127.0.0.1
 # debug_peer_list = some.domain
 
 # The debugger_command specifies the external command that is executed
 # when a Postfix daemon program is run with the -D option.
 #
 # Use "command .. & sleep 5" so that the debugger can attach before
 # the process marches on. If you use an X-based debugger, be sure to
 # set up your XAUTHORITY environment variable before starting Postfix.
 #
 #debugger_command =
 #	 PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
 #	 xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
 # Other configurable parameters.
 myhostname = caronte
 #mydomain = caronte 
 myorigin = $myhostname 
 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
 alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases.db
 sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/sender_canonical
 virtual_maps = hash:/etc/virtual
 default_transport = smtp
 relayhost = [194.20.64.144]
 disable_dns_lookup = no 
 notify_classes = resource, software, bounce, policy, protocol
 defer_transports = smtp
 masquerade_domains = $mydomain
inoltre:
/etc/aliases
 root:		daniele
 postmaster:	daniele
/etc/sender_canonical
 daniele		
daniele...@mail.omnitel.it
 root			
daniele...@mail.omnitel.it
/etc/virtual
 
daniele...@mail.omnitel.it
		daniele
 
daniele...@inwind.it
		daniele
 
dal...@hi-net.it
Ecco qua!
Spero di avervi dato tutti i dati...
La mia macchina si chiama Caronte, ed ho anche provato a dargli un
dominio finto... tipo "divina.commedia", per cui:
 myhostname = caronte.divina.commedia
 mydomain = divina.commedia
 myorigin = $mydomain
Ma anzi in questo modo, c'erano parecchi problemi con i messaggi per
root e postm...@divina.commedia... che rimanevano in spool... 
A questo punto ringrazio chi mi possa aiutare!!!
Ciao e grazie!
Daniele

i messaggi vengono messi in coda, ma poi non vengono spediti...
Ma hai provato a spedirli con 'postfix flush'?
'mailq' cosa ti risponde?
/var/log/mail.log cosa ti dice?
ps
*Se* devi inviare un file di configuarzione, elimina *tutti* i commenti.
Non sperare che tutti leggano post di siffatta maniera.
-- 
Bye,     | l'indirizzo nel campo from e` valido
Alfredo  |______________________________________
Amontagna|   powered by Debian GNU/Linux 2.2

 root e postm...@divina.commedia... che rimanevano in spool...
Perchè ti sei dimenticato $mydestination:dovresti inserire
mydestination=$mydomain,localhost.$mydomain,$myhostname
Poi puoi perfezionarli,ma al momento ti faranno funzionare tutto.
Ma ti prego,non postare più in quel modo assurdo!!!
Alla prossima:)
Ciao. Radel

Continuo il messaggio di prima...
aggiungendo uno:
scusate per la lunghezza del post precedente!!!
O postato anche i commenti!!!
Non lo faro' piu'!!!
Non era mia intenzione!
Ho fatto un copia/incolla senza pensare!!!
Chiedo ancora perdono!!!
Grazie!
Daniele

Grazie...
ora in locale funziona tutto!!!
Pero' quando provo a spedire, tramite l'SMTP del mio provider,
il relay host... mi da errore 550 Unable to relay for "indirizzo di
posta elettronica del destinatario"...
E' possibile che il mio provider abbia uno username e password???
Come faccio a verificarlo?
Od eventualmente ad impostarlo?
Grazie!
Daniele