In this paper we construct such a physical model with a continuous distribution of relaxations. It is based on the phenomenological theory of relaxation processes which have a long history in physics literature and was recently summarized in a monograph in which references to other relevant publications can be found, [24]; also see [25]. The present work is confined to relaxation mechanisms which result from changes in normal stresses. More specifically, we are interested in the local mechanisms of irreversible energy loss caused by uniform compression or expansion of a medium for which all components remain unchanged, rather than the losses caused by friction between different layers of a medium which move with different velocities (for a more detailed discussion of this issue see [26]). No attempt is made to model effects of shear viscosity and heat conduction beyond the conventional Navier–Stokes approach, since this topic goes far beyond the scope of this paper.

O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O


There are many possible applications for this mechanism. In this Letter, we have concentrated on its contribution to leptogenesis and baryogenesis. Our calculation is applicable in the phase when the fields are rolling. This rolling phase will start when the Hubble constant drops to a value comparable to the mass of the scalar fields. It is at this time in the cosmological evolution that CP violation is most efficient. After the fields have relaxed to their vacuum values, our CP violation mechanism turns off. We plan to discuss more details, in particular applications to concrete baryogenesis models, in a future publication [20]. Note that string cosmology and brane world scenarios may provide natural settings for the origin of the scalar fields required for our mechanism (e.g. see Ref. [30] for a recent paper on how scalar fields from brane world scenarios can play a new role in spontaneous baryogenesis).

O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O B I I I I I I I O B I O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O B I I I I I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O B I

hubble constant drops to a value comparable to the mass of the scalar fields


With development of performance-based design, some studies have been conducted on fire risk analysis in buildings from different perspectives and levels. Models such as FiRECAM [11,12] and FiERAsystem [13] were used to calculate the expected life risk. In other studies probabilistic methods have been used to assess levels of people safety in buildings [14]. Quantitative risk analysis approaches have also been used to quantify the risk to occupants using stochastic factors [15]. However, studies to date have largely been concerned with various aspects of fire risk analysis and there has been little in the way of development of systematic theoretical methods for analyzing fire risk in buildings in terms of fire risk management. Existing fire risk management involves the identification of alternative fire safety design options [16,17], the ongoing inspection, maintenance of fire protection systems [18] and evacuation training and drills [19]. In this study, basic process of fire risk analysis in building is described, and a fire risk analysis model based on scenario clusters is established with consideration of the characteristics of fire dynamics and occupants' behavior. The number of deaths and directive property loss are selected as fire risk indices and the average fire risk of residential buildings is quantitatively analyzed, so that appropriate fire risk management measures can be adopted.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O B I B I I I I O O B I I I O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


A process-driven model is presented to build an instinctive and efficient higher educational administrative management system to overcome problems most universities facing. With this model, processes are identified explicitly and the routine of educational administration is broken into small tasks. Each task has designated role of executors. A process describes the activities and relationships among them. A prototype of higher educational administrative system is built with Bonita open solution. The demo shows that the process-driven higher educational administrative system helps end users understand processes they are involved and focus on what to do.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I I O O O O O O

administrative management system
administrative system
bonita open solution
educational administration
overcome problems
processes are identified
understand processes they are involved


A 3D finite element based (FEM) COMSOL capacitance analysis is combined with Monte Carlo single-electron circuit simulations to model device operations during single electron detection. The 3D structural data (Fig. 1b) of the nanoscale DQD pair and multiple gate electrodes are precisely input into COMSOL’s FEM-based electrostatics simulator. Capacitances between different device components are then extracted and fed into the well-tested single electron circuit simulator SETSPICE [11], based on the orthodox theory of single electron tunnelling [12]. For our target d1 of 60nm, simulation results (Fig. 1c) showed that as we sweep the voltage applied on gate G1, VG1, single electron tunnelling into the turnstile’s two QDs should generate shifts in the electrometer current, IDS, of tens of pA. This is well within the charge sensitivity of DQD electrometer [6] and consistent to the same order of magnitude with previous work in single electron detection [13]. In addition, the gate to QD capacitive coupling appear to be sufficient for the control of QD occupations down to the single electron limit, allowing for future manipulation of single electron spins in qubit research.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O B I I O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O B I I O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B B I I O O B I I O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B O B I I O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O B I

3d finite element based (fem) comsol capacitance analysis

comsol’s fem-based electrostatics simulator

monte carlo single-electron circuit simulations


Several methods based on dynamical assumptions were suggested for determination of the P-parity of the Θ+ [13]. According to a general theorem [14], in order to determine the parity of one particle in a binary reaction one has to know polarizations at least of two fermions participating in this reaction. Model independent methods for determination of the P-parity of the Θ+ were suggested recently in Refs. [15,16] for pp-collision, and in Ref. [17] for photoproduction of the Θ+. The method of Refs. [15,16], based on the assumption that the spin of the Θ+ equals 12, suggests to measure the spin–spin correlation parameter in the reaction p→p→→Σ+Θ+ near the threshold. We generalize here this method for an arbitrary spin of the Θ+ and both isospins T=0 and T=1 of the NN channel of the NN→YΘ+ reaction. Furthermore, we consider a polarization transfer from a nucleon to the hyperon Y in this reaction. Our consideration is model independent, since it is based only on conservation of the P-parity, total angular momentum and isospin in the reaction and the generalized Pauli principle for nucleons.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O B B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O B O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O B O O O O O O B

conservation of the p-parity
determination of the p-parity
pp-collision
this reaction


The vapour phase consists of a number of different gases with silicon exhibiting a far higher partial pressure than all carbon containing species over the full temperature range. As an immediate result the vapour contains a higher amount of silicon leaving the solid phase with excess carbon. This carbon is likely to precipitate on the surface of the SiC grains, a process that becomes very rapid as the temperature approaches 2100K [24]. Within the TRISO particle the SiC layer is sandwiched between two coatings of dense carbon. The partial pressure in thermodynamic equilibrium of gaseous carbon forming above graphite was calculated using data taken from JANAF tables and added to Fig. 1 [25], which showed that in the whole temperature range relevant for this study the vapour pressure of carbon is several magnitudes smaller than that of the dominant gas phases above SiC.

O B O O O O B I I I O B O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O B I O O B O B O O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O B O O B O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O B

gaseous carbon
sic grains
vapour phase
vapour pressure of carbon

precipitate on the surface of the sic grains


Video-oculography (VOG) is one of eye movement measurement methods. A key problem of VOG is to accurately estimate the pupil center. Then a pupil location method based on morphology and Canny algorithm was proposed for a WIFI-based VOG system which was developed our latest work. Moreover, a healthy volunteer was introduced to do sinusoidal tracking test to evaluate the pupil location method. Experimental results showed that the method could well trace eye movement and meet the anticipated results with stimulation.

O B O O O B I I O O O O O B O O B I I I I O O B I I O O B O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O B I I I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B

eye movement measurement methods
video-oculography
wifi-based vog system

accurately estimate the pupil center
canny algorithm
evaluate the pupil location method
eye movement measurement
healthy volunteer
morphology
pupil location method
sinusoidal tracking test
stimulation
trace eye movement
vog


If signals suggesting supersymmetry (SUSY) are discovered at the LHC then it will be vital to measure the spins of the new particles to demonstrate that they are indeed the predicted super-partners. A method is discussed by which the spins of some of the SUSY particles can be determined. Angular distributions in sparticle decays lead to charge asymmetry in lepton-jet invariant mass distributions. The size of the asymmetry is proportional to the primary production asymmetry between squarks and anti-squarks. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for a particular mSUGRA model point at the LHC. The resultant asymmetry distributions are consistent with a spin-0 slepton and a spin-12χ˜20, but are not consistent with both particles being scalars.

O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O B I O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O

angular distributions
asymmetry distributions
charge asymmetry
measure the spins of the new particles
monte carlo simulations
msugra model point
particles
primary production asymmetry
sparticle decays
squarks
supersymmetry
susy


Solid pieces of 23–114 mg were further used to measure the enthalpy increments using a Setaram Multi-detector High Temperature Calorimeter (MDHTC-96) using a drop detector. For more details about the technique we refer to our previous studies [9,10]. The measurements were carried out under an argon atmosphere (with an oxygen content of 7 ppm), using pure platinum ingots (64–144 mg) of 99.95 at % purity as a reference material. The temperature range of the experiment was from 430.3 K to 1088.8 K using steps of 50 K. Each isothermal run consisted of 2–4 drops of Bi2UO6 samples, each surrounded by two drops of platinum from which the sensitivity of the device was determined. The drops were separated by time intervals of 20 min, long enough to re-stabilize the monitored heat flow signal. Background subtraction and peak integration were performed using commercially available software for data processing. The reported temperatures were corrected in accordance with the calibration curve obtained prior to measurement using several high purity standard metals (Sn, Pb, Zn, Al, Ag, Ni) with various melting temperatures in order to cover the whole temperature range of the measurement. After drop calorimetric measurements at the maximum considered temperature, the material was subjected to a new XRD measurement, confirming the stability of the compound under the experimental conditions.

B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I I I O O O B I I I I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I B B B B B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O

setaram multi-detector high temperature calorimeter

background subtraction and peak integration


Thin MIEC layers of GDC and STFO on single-crystalline YSZ substrates were exposed to H2/H218O atmosphere for thermally and electrochemically driven tracer exchange experiments. Rectangular noble metal thin film current collectors were deposited on top and beneath the MIEC layer and used for polarization. The lateral distribution of the tracer revealed several interesting features: (i) In case of thermal tracer exchange, an enhanced tracer fraction is found on top of the metallic current collector due to its ionically blocking nature. At the edges of the current collector, the concentration of 18O decreases with a finite step width that is correlated with in-plane diffusion of oxygen ions. (ii) Due to the low electronic conductivity of STFO and GDC, the MIEC area that is influenced by an applied bias is restricted to a region close to the current collector. The width of this active region depends on the bias. It amounts to only 10–15μm for STFO but more than 100μm for GDC at a cathodic bias of −500mV. (iii) Not only enhanced tracer incorporation due to cathodic bias but also reduced incorporation due to anodic bias could be experimentally resolved in the active region.

B I I O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I B I I I I I I O B I I I I I I I O O O B O B I I I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O B O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

exposed to h2/h218o atmosphere
h2/h218o atmosphere
in-plane diffusion of oxygen ions
metallic current collector
miec layer
single-crystalline ysz substrates

deposited on top and beneath the miec layer

rectangular noble metal thin film current collectors


Metal–intermetallic laminated (MIL) composites are fabricated upon reaction sintering of titanium and aluminum foils of various thicknesses. The intermetallic phase of Al3Ti forming during the above processing gives high hardness and stiffness to the composite, while unreacted titanium provides the necessary high strength and ductility. Some results of studies of microstructure and some mechanical properties of layered composites are presented on the example of Ti-Al system. Static and dynamic tests results are discussed for the case when the intermetallic reaction was interrupted in the course of intermetallic sintering and also for the case when it was completed.

B I B O O B I I I O B I I I O O O O B I O B O O O O B O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

presented on the example of ti-al system

static and dynamic tests results are discussed

al3ti
composite
fabricated upon reaction sintering
intermetallic phase
intermetallic reaction
intermetallic sintering
interrupted
layered composites
metal–intermetallic laminated
mil
processing
static and dynamic tests
studies of microstructure
titanium and aluminum foils
unreacted titanium


From this study where a commercial Al–12Si alloy was inoculated with different level of Nb+B addition to assess the grain refining potency of Nb+B inoculation it can be concluded that in-situ formed Nb-based intermetallics compounds are potent heterogeneous nucleation substrates with high potency for the refinement of Al–Si cast alloys. The primary α-Al dendritic grain size varies with the addition level of Nb and B. Moreover, significant grain refinement over a wide range of cooling rates is obtained via enhanced heterogeneous nucleation making the grain size of the material less sensitive to the cooling rate. Nb+B inoculants are characterised by some fading which is still acceptable after 4 h of contact time. Moreover, alloys refined by means of Nb+B inoculants can be recycled obtaining a fine grain structure with small addition or no further addition of inoculants after the first initial addition. Concluding, Nb+B inoculation is a promising candidate for the refinement of cast Al alloy which could lead to their wider employment in the automotive industry with the resultant intrinsic advantages of lighter structural component from an environmental point of view.

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O B I I I I O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O

grain refining potency of nb+b inoculation

al–12si alloy
alloys
b
cast al alloy
enhanced heterogeneous nucleation
fading
fine grain structure
grain
heterogeneous nucleation substrates
inoculants
lighter structural component
nb
wide range of cooling rates


The length effect is always important in nanodevices. So we investigate the length dependence of electronic transport properties in M3 by increasing the number of carbon unit cells in the scattering region. Here we present the transport results when the numbers of carbon unit cells in the scattering region are 10 and 12, which are called M4 and M5, respectively. The current–voltage characteristics shown in Fig. 8. We can see that the large rectifying ratio still can be observed irrespective of the length of heterojunctions. This is due to the fact that the electronic transport properties for M3 are mainly determined by the parity of the π and π⁎ subbands of left and right electrodes. Thees results indicate that the lengths of the two parts in the scattering regions have no affects on the qualitative charge transport in M3.

O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O

carbon unit cells
current–voltage characteristics
electronic transport properties
large rectifying ratio
length effect
nanodevices
qualitative charge transport
π and π⁎ subbands


A fluctuating vacuum is a general feature of quantum fields, of which the free Maxwell field considered in [1–12] is but one example. Fermionic fields such as that describing the electron, also undergo vacuum fluctuations, consequently one expects to find Casimir effects associated with such fields whenever they are confined in some way. Such effects were first investigated in the context of nuclear physics, within the so-called “MIT bag model” of the nucleon [13]. In the bag-model one envisages the nucleon as a collection of fermionic fields describing confined quarks. These quarks are subject to a boundary condition at the surface of the ‘bag’ that represents the nucleon’s surface. Just as in the electromagnetic case, the bag boundary condition modifies the vacuum fluctuations of the field, which results in the appearance of a Casimir force [14–18]. This force, although very weak at a macroscopic scale, can be significant on the small length scales encountered in nuclear physics. It therefore has important consequences for the physics of the bag-model nucleon [19].

O B I O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O B O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O


The 21st century in the face of an aging population trend, the health status of the elderly is a hot issue of social concern, therefore, to explore the health status of the Chinese population aging and the elderly, elderly fitness exercise Misunderstanding study and formulate measures and methods of fitness of the elderly, promoting elderly fitness training towards a healthy, scientific direction, to promote a nationwide fitness activities carried out in order to achieve the exercise of scientific fitness of older persons.

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O


Some non-standard couplings, which should be determined here, could also be studied in the standard e+e− option of a linear collider. Therefore, it is worth while to compare the potential power of the two options. As far as the parameter αγ1 is concerned, the γγ collider does not allow for its determination, while it could be determined at e+e−. The second tt̄γ coupling αγ2, which is proportional to the real part of the top-quark electric dipole moment,44See [23] taking into account that the operators OuB, OqB and OqW are redundant. can be measured here. It should be recalled that energy and polar-angle distributions of leptons and b-quarks in e+e− colliders are sensitive only to the imaginary part of the electric dipole moment,55However, it should be emphasized that there exist observables sensitive also to the real part of the top-quark electric dipole moment, see [24]. while here the real part could be determined. For the measurement of γγH couplings, e+e− colliders are, of course, useless, while here, for the bX final state both αh1 and αh2 could be measured. In the case of the decay form factor αd measurement, the e+e− option seems to be a little more advantageous, especially if e+e− polarization can be tuned appropriately [25].

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I I I I I O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

coupling αγ2
linear collider
measurement of γγh couplings
parameter αγ1
potential power
the bx final state
the decay form factor αd measurement
αh1 and αh2 could be measured
γγ collider


Note that the presented architecture works at the frame level, meaning that each single frame (plus its corresponding context) is fed-forward through the network, obtaining a class posterior probability for all of the target languages. This fact makes the DNNs particularly suitable for real-time applications because, unlike other approaches (i.e. i-vectors), we can potentially make a decision about the language at each new frame. Indeed, at each frame, we can combine the evidence from past frames to get a single similarity score between the test utterance and the targetlanguages. A simple way of doing this combination is to assume that frames are independent and multiply the posterior estimates of the last layer. The score sl for language l of a given test utterance is computed by multiplying the output probabilities pl obtained for all of its frames; or equivalently, accumulating the logs as:(6)sl=1N∑t=1Nlogp(Ll|xt, θ)where p(Ll|xt, θ) represents the class probability output for the language l corresponding to the input example at time t, xt by using the DNN defined by parameters θ.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O

accumulating the logs as:(6)sl=1n∑t=1nlogp(ll|xt, θ)


The adhesion/cohesion of the coating was evaluated by the scratch test method, using a Revetest system (CSM Instruments SA, Switzerland) equipped with a H-270 diamond indentor (200μm diameter). Six scratch indentations were carried out under previously optimized conditions (linear progressive load mode 1–4N, 4Nmin−1). In order to aid in determination of location of spallation/delamination, an extended scratch length of 6mm was employed. The scratch tracks were subsequently observed by SEM to determine the locations of the first coating failure and to understand the nature of the coating failure. During the scratch tests, the loading force and penetration depth were recorded and their respective values were correlated with the observed failure locations. The surface roughness of the coating was evaluated using a surface roughness tester (TR200, Timegroup Inc.) according to ISO standard [29]. Due to the presence of the open porosity in the outer layer of the coating, a measurement length for determination of the roughness (Ra) of 0.8mm was used. In total, eight measurements were carried out in different directions.

O O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O

revetest system (csm instruments sa, switzerland) equipped with a h-270 diamond indentor (200μm diameter)


The above discussion summarizes the state of the art related to impacts and interpretations of communication latency between RT simulators. However, research is focused primarily on the effect of the data loss during the communication and how to mitigate it [34]. In the thermo-electric co-simulation example in [35], the time constant is larger in the thermal simulation than that of power system simulation. Thus the communication latency will not significantly affect the accuracy of co-simulation. In [36], the co-simulation is performed using resources at the same location without synthetically introduced delays, which means the communication latency between RT simulators is ignored. In [37], the authors have mentioned the communication latency as an important factor in the distributed simulation and that its effect on simulation stability will be studied as future work. An in-depth research about the role of communication latency and mitigation measure for geographically distributed RT simulations is identified as a technical gap and addressed in this paper.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

co-simulation
role of communication latency
thermo-electric co-simulation

communication latency
distributed simulation
rt simulators


Experimental studies of the dynamics of individual carbon atoms in graphene have been empowered by the recent progress in aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) capable of sub-Ångstrom resolution. The examples include AC-TEM observations of the formation and annealing of Stone–Wales defects [1], edge reconstruction [2,3] and formation of a large hole in graphene sheet from a single vacancy defect [3]. The AC-TEM has been also exploited in visualization in real time of the process of self-assembly of graphene nanoribbons from molecular precursors [4,5] and formation of nanometre size hollow protrusion on the nanotube sidewall [6]. Based on AC-TEM observations of transformation of small finite graphene flake into fullerene, a new ‘top-down’ mechanism for the formation of fullerene under the electron beam radiation has been proposed [7]. The critical step in the proposed ‘top-down’ mechanism of the fullerene formation is creation of vacancies in small graphene flake as a result of knock-on damage by electrons of the imaging electron beam (e-beam). The subsequent formation of pentagons at the vacancy sites near the edge reduces the number of dangling bonds and triggers the curving process of graphene flake into a closed fullerene structure [7]. Thus, dynamic behaviour of vacancies near graphene edge plays a crucial role in explaining mechanisms of the e-beam assisted self-assembly and structural transformations in graphene-like structures.

O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O B I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ac-tem observations of the formation and annealing of stone–wales defects


Based on the description model of object-orientation-based direction relation in two-dimensional space, the description mode of object-orientation-based direction relation in three-dimensional space is proposed. The basic idea is that the actual direction region is modeled as an open shape. The computation related to the world boundary of spatial direction region is eliminated, and the processing of the direction predicates is converted into the processing of topological operations between open shapes and closed geometry objects. The algorithms of topological operations between open shapes and closed geometry objects are presented and the theoretical proof for the correctness and completeness of the algorithms is performed.

O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O B O O O B I O O B I O O O O B I I I I O O O O B I I I O B I O O B I O B O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O

algorithms
computation
description mode
description model
direction region
geometry objects
open shape
open shapes
processing of the direction predicates
processing of topological operations
world boundary


Similar numerical oscillations to those described above also emerge in the ISPM when utilising classical IBM kernels due to their lack of regularity (with discontinuous second derivatives). Furthermore, it is important to remark that the immersed structure stresses are captured in the Lagrangian description and hence, in order to compute them accurately, it is important to ensure that these spurious oscillations are not introduced via the kernel interpolation functions. In this paper, the authors have specifically designed a new family of kernel functions which do not introduce these spurious oscillations. The kernel functions are obtained by taking into account discrete reproducibility conditions as originally introduced by Peskin [14] (in our case, tailor-made for Cartesian staggered grids) and regularity requirements to prevent the appearance of spurious oscillations when computing derivatives. A Maple computer program has been developed to obtain explicit expressions for the new kernels.

O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B


In general, liquid film flows of practical relevance are turbulent and, hence, are associated with the presence of broadband interfacial waves on the film surface. A thorough understanding of the characteristic profiles, scales and dynamics of these interfacial waves is of essential importance in making accurate and reliable predictions of heat and mass transfer rates (Mathie and Markides, 2013a; Mathie et al., 2013). Previous efforts in downwards annular flow have focused on the spatio/temporal measurement of liquid film thickness, followed by in-depth statistical analyses of this film thickness (Webb and Hewitt, 1975; Belt et al., 2010; Alekseenko et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2013). These efforts have contributed to a much improved understanding of the interfacial topology observed in downwards annular flows and also to the subsequent proposal of a series of correlations for the quantification of the mean film thickness, wave amplitudes and liquid entrainment rates into the gas phase (Ambrosini et al., 1991; Karapantsios and Karabelas, 1995; Azzopardi, 1997). On the other hand, less has been published on the velocity distribution and the flow structure within the liquid films, underneath the film surface. This can be related to the relative difficulty of these measurements caused by: (i) the extremely restricted measurement space, due to the small thickness of the liquid films (in the order of and often sub-mm), (ii) the highly disturbed and intermittent nature of the gas–liquid interface, (iii) the entrainment of gas inside the liquid film and of liquid into the gas core, and (iv) the relatively high velocities of both the gas and liquid phases.

O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B B O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O B B O O B O O B O O O O O B I O O O B O B O

broadband interfacial waves
downwards annular flow
downwards annular flows
entrainment of gas
film
flow structure within the liquid films
gas
gas–liquid interface
high velocities
interfacial topology
interfacial waves
liquid
statistical analyses
velocity distribution
wave


EM sensors exploit the difference in magnetic properties, such as relative permeability, and electrical conductivity between samples with different microstructural phase balances. In ferromagnetic steels, the change in relative permeability has a significant effect. Previously, multi-frequency EM sensors have been shown to be able to measure austenite/ferrite fraction from 0% to 100% in model (HIPped austenitic/ferritc stainless steel powder) alloys [7,8]. The large difference in magnetic properties of ferrite (ferromagnetic) and austenite (paramagnetic) phases makes the change in signal large and hence relatively easy to measure. EM sensors have also measured the levels of decarburisation (variation in ferrite content with depth) in steel rod [9,10]. The approach adopted to relate the overall steel EM sensor signal to its microstructure has been to construct a finite element (FE) model for the microstructure (phase, region size and distribution). The EM properties of the individual phases are assigned to those regions to give the overall EM properties of the steel. Within the model the particular sensor geometry is included (e.g. two-dimensional axisymmetric for a cylindrical sample and tubular sensor [10]) and the interaction with the steel and any external circuits predicted. In this way different microstructures and sensor designs can be compared.

B I O O B I I I O O B I O B I O O O O B I I O B O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I I O B B O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O B O B O O O O

em sensor signal
ferromagnetic steels
multi-frequency em sensors
steel rod
tubular sensor
variation in ferrite content with depth

austenite
cylindrical sample
decarburisation
difference in magnetic properties
electrical conductivity
em properties of the individual phases
em sensor
em sensors
external circuits
fe
ferrite
ferromagnetic
finite element
microstructural phase balances
microstructures
overall em properties
paramagnetic
particular sensor geometry
relative permeability
sensor
stainless steel powder
steel


However this is not just a useful depiction of an apposite well-supported statistical model. If we are prepared to allow that the process is driven by a CRG and that the MAP model that we have discovered is indeed generating the idle process, then identifying the disconnected components of the system allows us to immediately make assertions about the impact of various controls we might apply to this regulatory process – just as we can were we to believe the model was a causal extension of a BN. In the context of microarrays, the objective of clustering is to identify patterns among the data and decide which genes to focus on in further, more gene-specific, experiments. It is therefore necessary for the scientist to make such causal conjectures about the effect of controls available to her on the expressions reflecting the underlying regulatory process she studies. These conjectures can be universal or nuanced by evoking ideas of parsimony.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I


•More

efforts

should

be

directed

towards

advancing

the

methods

of

feature

extraction

to

overcome

the

influence

of

dynamic

factors

that

limit

the

performance.

The

use

of

advanced

machine

learning

methods

such

as

deep

neural

networks

and

muscles

synergies

extraction

should

also

be

investigated

on

problems

under

the

influence

of

multiple

dynamic

factors

as

such

methods

may

provide

substantial

improvements

upon

the

utilized

time-and-frequency

EMG

feature

extraction

methods

(Diener,

Janke,

Schultz,

Ison,

Vujaklija,

Whitsell,

Farina,

Artemiadis,

Park

Lee,

Meanwhile,

we

showed

that

the

performance

of

the

learning

algorithms

can

be

improved

by

using

feature

extraction

methods

that

rely

on

the

angular

information

of

muscle

activation

patterns.

Features

such

as

the

TD-PSD

and

the

DFT

proved

more

successful

than

others

in

reducing

the

impact

of

the

two

dynamic

factors

that

we

considered

in

this

paper.

Such

features

can

be

readily

implemented

into

a

prosthesis

controller

for

real-time

control,

especially

that

the

EMG

pattern

recognition

systems

are

nowadays

becoming

available

for

clinical

testing,

e.g.

the

COAPT

complete

control

system

(Kuiken

et

al.,

O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I I I O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O

utilized time-and-frequency emg feature extraction methods

reducing the impact of the two dynamic factors


Correlation of charm-quark–charm-antiquark in γp scattering are calculated in the kt-factorization approach. We apply different unintegrated gluon distributions (uGDF) used in the literature. The results of our calculations are compared with very recent experimental results from the FOCUS Collaboration. The CCFM uGDF developed recently by Kwieciński et al. gives a good description of the data. New observables are suggested for future studies. Predictions and perspectives for the HERA energies are presented.

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O

correlation of charm-quark–charm-antiquark in γp scattering

ccfm ugdf
hera energies
ugdf
unintegrated gluon distributions
γp scattering


Regarding the implications of the results of this paper, we note two points. From a practical point of view, we have endowed the weighted additive model with a distance function structure, which takes negative values for points located outside the technology and non-negative values for points into the production possibility set. In this respect, the weighted additive distance function methodologically supports the branch of the literature that resorts to the weighted additive model or some related approach to measure productivity over time (see, for example, Mahlberg & Sahoo, 2011 or Chang et al., 2012). From a theoretical point of view, we have provided a new distance function with some interesting properties in contrast to the usual ones, mainly (1) when technical inefficiency has to be estimated, the weighted additive distance function coincides with the weighted additive model, which means that technical inefficiency is measured following the Pareto-Koopmans notion of efficiency; and (2) when productivity has to be determined and decomposed over time the weighted additive distance function emerges as an attractive tool to be used for cross-period evaluation of returns to scale changes, since this distance function is always feasible, even under Variable Returns to Scale.

O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

means that technical inefficiency is measured following the pareto-koopmans notion of efficiency

a new distance function
determined and decomposed over time
distance function
implications of the results
measure productivity over time
some related approach
weighted additive model


A central question from the point of view of nuclear physics involves the changes to the quark and antiquark distributions of a bound proton. Since one must develop a reliable model of both the free proton and the binding of nucleons starting from the quark level [8], this problem is rather complicated. We intend to report on our investigation of that problem in future work. For the present, we have chosen to illustrate the formal ideas developed here by applying them to a toy model, namely the quark distributions of isospin symmetric quark matter in which each quark feels a scalar potential, −Vsq, and a vector potential, Vvq. This is the premise of the Quark–Meson Coupling (QMC) model [9] which has been used successfully to calculate the properties of nuclear matter as well as finite nuclei [10,11]. Most recently it has also been used to derive an effective nuclear force which is very close to the widely used Skyrme III force [12]. (Except that in QMC the quarks are confined by the MIT bag, as well as feeling the mean-field scalar and vector potentials generated by the surrounding nucleons.) In the mean field approximation, the Dirac equation for the quark in infinite quark matter is written as: (30)iγ·∂−m−Vqs−γ0VqvψQMq(x)=0.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I I I I I I I O O O O

each quark feels a scalar potential, −vsq, and a vector potential, vvq

dirac equation for the quark in infinite quark matter


To calculate hedonic price indices in the linear model, the initial or reference price has to be calculated (Triplett, 2006). The present study adopts the approach of de Haan and Diewert (2013): a price index is constructed using the price generated by the estimated coefficients of a base period regression model, and it is calculated based on the based period average values of a given cell phone plan characteristic z¯ for each operator (Supplementary Table S5). For continuous characteristics, direct averages are used; for binary characteristics, the proportions of cell phone plans containing the feature are used. The resulting prices for this average cell phone plan are converted to an index by applying previously calculated pure price changes (δs). Finally, the overall hedonic price index is calculated as the weighted average of firm-level indices. Weights correspond to the relative proportion of cell phone plans by operator in the sample (0.3534 for HT, 0.3212 for Vip, and 0.3254 for Tele2).

O B I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


In the case of PSR applied to vessels, preservation of high curvature and branches (concavities) demands a high value of the d parameter, resulting in models with high number of polygons. To cope with this problem, Wu et al. (2013) evaluates a variant of PSR (in that work referred to as scale-adaptive [SA]), which includes curvature-dependent polygonization (e.g. increasing/decreasing the size of triangles according to the local curvature) (Wu et al., 2010). In Wu et al. (2013), other methods including MC (without smoothing and decimation) are evaluated with application to vessel modeling. The authors, point at SA as a suitable method for reconstruction of vessels with applications to surgery planning. The methods evaluated by Wu et al. (2013) could be also compared with another set of techniques (known as model-based methods) (Preim and Oeltze, 2008), widely used in the context of vessel modeling for surgery planning.

O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I

mc
psr
reconstruction of vessels
sa
surgery planning
vessel modeling


According to the shortcomings of long time and big errors about the moving plate recognition system, we present the moving plate recognition algorithm based on principal component analysis(PCA) color extraction. On the basis of the analysis of moving plate recognition system's basic principles, it introduces the basic principles and calculation steps about PCA extraction algorithm, and discusses the feasibility of applying the algorithm to PRS in the paper. The experimental results show that the algorithm has the advantages of faster speed and higher accuracy of recognition. The algorithm provides a new thought for the research on the moving plate recognition algorithm.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O

applying the algorithm to prs
moving plate recognition
pca
recognition


The most ambitious goal may be stated as the one of detecting the location of, say, one missing level on an otherwise complete sequence. Dyson, in a recent review [7], uses information theory concepts and argues that correlations in a sequence may provide the necessary redundancy from which error correcting codes can be constructed. At one extreme where no correlations and therefore no redundancy are present (Poissonian sequence), there is no possibility of detecting one missing level. At the other extreme, a sequence of equally spaced levels (picket fence), there is a maximum redundancy and a missed level can be obviously detected as a hole in the spectrum. Eigenvalues of random matrices, which exhibit characteristic correlations, correspond to an intermediate situation between these two extremes. The attempts to locate in the last case a single missed level have remained unsuccessful so far. However, it should be mentioned that for two-dimensional chaotic systems where, besides correlations of the order of one mean spacing as described by random matrices, the presence and the role of long range correlations governed by the shortest periodic orbits and reflected in Weyl's law describing the average spectral density, is well understood. It is then possible to approximately locate, from the study of spectral fluctuations, a single missed level [8].

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O B I I I I I I I B I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I I I I B I O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I B I I I O

weyl's law describing the average spectral density


Powder metallurgy is a versatile technology for the manufacturing of components to (near) net-shape with high product quality. For a hardmetal (such as WC-Co) cold compaction of the powder to a “green body” is followed by liquid-phase sintering from the subsequent heating. This means that the binder metal Co is heated to melt in order to obtain sufficient mobility via capillary action, i.e., via surface traction, stemming from stored surface energy. The resulting flow causes gradual filling of the pore space and brings about a macroscopic shrinkage of the particle compact until a completely dense state is obtained, at least ideally. To model and quantitatively simulate the sintering process is a challenging task. The goal is to (i) estimate the final resulting quality (i.e., in terms of porosity) and (ii) to predict the final net shape and size of the sintered component.

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O B I O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O B O O B I I I I I I I O O B I


There is also a lack of agreement as to what constitutes churn flow. It is fairly certainly a gas continuous flow. There is growing agreement that there are huge waves present and some of the liquid is carried as drops. Sekoguchi and Mori (1997) and Sawai et al. (2004) using measurements from their multiple probes (92 over an axial length of 2.325 m) obtained time/axial position/void fraction information. From this they were able to identify huge wave from amongst disturbance waves and slugs. They classified individual structures as huge waves from their size together with the fact that their velocities depended significantly on the corresponding axial length. This was in contrast to disturbance waves where the velocity of individual waves only increased slightly with the axial extent of these waves. They also found that the frequency of huge waves first increased and then decrease with increasing gas superficial velocity. Similarly, their velocities were found to deviate from the line for slug flow velocities and pass through a maximum and then a minimum.

O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O

churn
disturbance waves
frequency of huge waves
gas
huge wave
huge waves
liquid
probes
slug
slugs
velocity of individual waves
waves


Along with the expansion of computer-based climate simulations, efficient visualization and analysis of massive climate data are becoming more important than ever. In this paper, we try to explore the factors behide climate changes by combining window query and time-varying data mining techniques. With constant query time and acceptable storage cost, the algorithms presented support various queries on 3d time-varying datasets, such as average, min, and max value. A new time-varying data analysis algorithm is given, which is especially suitable for analyzing big data. All these algorithms have been implemented on and integrated into a visual analysis system, with tiled-LCD ultra-resolution display. Experimental results on several datasets from practical applications are presented.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O B I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B I I I I O O


The exquisite manipulation and exact measurement of properties of individual nanomaterials, compared with notable progress in their preparation, have not been thoroughly addressed albeit being of prime importance for the sustained development of new devices [58–61]. To date, several instruments have been designed for such goals, namely, scanning electron microscopes (SEM), atomic force microscopes (AFM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM) [62,63]. Compared with the first two setups, which have no direct access to the material internal structure and atomic bonding information [64–67], the state-of-the-art in situ high-resolution TEM technique allows one to not only manipulate with an individual object at the nano-scale precision but to also get deep insights into its physical, chemical, and microstructural statuses [68–71]. Combining the capabilities of a conventional high-resolution TEM and AFM or STM probes produces advanced and dedicated TEM holders, which are becoming the powerful tools in nanomaterials manipulation and properties analysis. Such holders have been commercialized, for instance, by “Nanofactory Instruments AB’’, Goteborg, Sweden [72]. The full usefulness of these advanced in-situ TEM techniques is apparent with respect to mechanical and thermal property analysis of individual nanostructures, e.g., elasticity, plasticity and strength data while employing direct bent or tensile tests [73–75], probing electrical characteristics, e.g., field emission [27,76,77], electrical transport tracing [78–80], soldering [81,82], and doping [83], etc.

O O O O B I I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I B B I I B O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O B I O O O O B B O O O O O O O B O O B I O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I I O O B O O O O O O O O B I I I I O B I I O B I O B I I O B O O B O O

nanomaterials manipulation
tem holders
tem techniques


These results demonstrate that SW-SVR predicts complicated micrometeorological data with the best prediction performance and the lowest computational complexity compared with standard algorithms. In particular, we found that dynamic aggregation of models built from very little extracted data by D-SDC is effective for compatibility of high prediction performance and low computational complexity. However, there are problems to be solved in SW-SVR. Firstly, the prediction performance of SW-SVR sometimes deteriorates despite an increase of training data. In particular, this problem occurred under the conditions that prediction horizons are 6 h as shown in Fig. 3. This is because data extracted by D-SDC involves unnecessary training data for highly accurate prediction. If D-SDC extracts the same data as the extracted data when training periods are shorter, the prediction performance of SW-SVR never deteriorates due to an increase of training data. Therefore, we must review both feature mapping and algorithms of D-SDC so as to avoid extracting unnecessary training data. Meanwhile, SW-SVR is based on a combination of several algorithms: kernel approximation, PLS regression, k-means, D-SDC, and linear SVR. Moreover, each algorithm has several parameters. Therefore, SW-SVR has more varied parameters, and it takes more time to tune the parameters. In this experiment, we used a grid search roughly so as to decide the parameters in a certain time. However, there is still room for improvement in the prediction performance by using other approaches such as a genetic algorithm instead of a grid search (Huang & Wang, 2006).

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I B I B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O

combination of several algorithms
dynamic aggregation of models
genetic algorithm
grid search
kernel approximation
linear svr
micrometeorological data
pls regression
standard algorithms
training data
tune the parameters


Note that the quantitative introduction of a reactive functionality into the polymer chain end can be easily achieved by adopting the living ROMP technique especially using the Schrock type molybdenum alkylidene initiator [7,12,21,61–65]. The exclusive preparation of end-functionalized ring-opened polymers (realized by a living polymerization with quantitative initiation) can be applied not only to prepare block copolymers (ABCs) coupled with another living polymerization techniques [66], but also for preparation of macromonomers, as described below. In contrast, the initiation efficiency is not always perfect as seen in the molybdenum alkylidene initiators, because dissociation of ligand (PR3 etc.) should be required to generate the catalytically active species in the ROMP with the ruthenium carbene catalysts (Scheme 2) [67–69]. An equilibrium between coordination and dissociation of PR3 should be present even in the propagation process, and replacement of halogen with the other anionic ligand (and/or replacement of PR3 with the other neutral donor ligands/substrates) can also be considered as the probable side reactions. Importance of using the molybdenum catalysts should be thus emphasized for their precise preparations, although the initiators are highly sensitive to moisture and both monomers and solvent have to be thus strictly purified to avoid the catalyst decomposition (deactivation).

O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I B O O O B I I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O B B O O O O O B I I I I I I I O O B I I O O O O O O B O B O B O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O B B B

generate the catalytically active species in the romp

schrock type molybdenum alkylidene initiator


A fuzzy-Hammerstein model predictive control method is proposed for a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). In this paper T-S fuzzy model is used to approximate the static nonlinear characteristics of Hammerstein model, and a linear autoregressive model is used to solve the results of optimal control. The designed nonlinear predictive controller using Hammerstein model make good use of the ability of universal approach nonlinear of T-S model, and divide the question of nonlinear predictive control into the nonlinear model recongnization and the question of linear predictive control. The application results of CSTR process show the proposed control method has good control performance compared to PID controller.

O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O B I

fuzzy-hammerstein model predictive control method

static nonlinear characteristics of hammerstein model

control method
cstr
hammerstein model
linear predictive control
nonlinear model recongnization
nonlinear predictive control
nonlinear predictive controller
optimal control
pid controller
universal approach nonlinear


In this paper, a novel position estimation method of prism was proposed for single-lens stereovision system. The prism with multi faces was considered as a single optical system composed of some refractive planes. A transformation matrix which can express the relationship between an object point and its image by the refraction of prism was derived based on geometrical optics, and a mathematical model was introduced which can denote the position of prism with arbitrary faces only by 7 parameters. This model can extend the application of single-lens stereovision system using prism to a more widely area. Experimentation results are presented to prove the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed model.

O O O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O B I O O B I I O O B I O O B O O O O B O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O

effectiveness
express the relationship
geometrical optics
image
mathematical model
object point
position estimation method
prism
refractive planes
robustness
single optical system
transformation matrix


Flow-induced deformations can lead to irreversible changes in the structure of a polymeric fluid; if the rate of extension far exceeds the rate of relaxation, then the polymer chain can be broken. Mechanical degradation of polymers in extensional flow has long been recognised [30] and leads to a reduction in the average molecular weight. A-Alamry et al. [1] have recently reported evidence of flow-induced polymer degradation in DoD jetting. Central scission is observed for polystyrene in a number of good solvents under certain jetting conditions for a bounded range of molecular weights. Since only those molecules that are fully extended can be fractured at the centre of the polymer chain [29], in this paper we investigate whether flow-induced central scission is possible under the conditions of DoD jetting.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I


A convenient and widely reported technique for detection of the GP involves measurements of the complex shear modulus, G∗, over a range of frequencies, ω, in oscillatory shear. At the GP the elastic and viscous components of the complex modulus, G′ and G″, respectively scale in oscillatory frequency, ω, as G′(ω)∼G″(ω)∼ωα where α is termed the stress relaxation exponent [15]. Thus, the GP may be identified as the instant where the G′ and G″ scale in frequency according to identical power laws [15], behaviour corresponding to attainment of a frequency independent phase angle, δ(=atan(G″/G′)). GP measurements may involve ‘frequency sweeps’ with repeated consecutive application of a set of small amplitude oscillatory shear, SAOS, waveforms [15,16], or by Fourier Transform Mechanical Spectroscopy, FTMS, in which G∗(ω) is found by simultaneous application of several harmonic frequencies in a composite waveform and its subsequent Fourier analysis [17,18]. Frequency sweeps are limited to relatively slow gelation processes due to sample mutation and interpolation errors [9,19,20]. FTMS may overcome these limitations, but is unsuitable for markedly strain sensitive materials, such as fibrin gels, due to the strain amplitude of the composite waveform exceeding the linear viscoelastic range (LVR) [9].

O O O O O O O B I I I O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I B B O O O B I I I B O O O O O O O B I I I I O O B I O O O B I O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I I O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O

fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy


Observations show that in the same area with dimensions of a few tenths of a parsec could be many sources, some of which only emits OH lines, and some – only lines H2O. The only known in physics the emission mechanism that can give tremendous power within a narrow range of the spectrum, is coherent (i.e. the same phase and direction) light lasers, which are called optical lasers, and radio-masers. Cosmic maser radio sources emitting in the lines of the molecules have an extremely high brightness temperature radiation Tb. In the molecules of methanol masers (CH3OH) Tb value can reach 109 K, with masers hydroxyl molecules (OH) 6×1012 K. The typical size of the maser clusters is about 1014–1015 m and the neutron star radius is of the order of 10 km. Thus, the radiation dilution coefficient is equaled approximately (2.5×10−23)–(2.5×10−21) and, therefore, μB2B2/4(hν)2∼(2.4×10−5)–(2.4×10−7) for the hydrogen line 21 cm and of the order 10−5–10−7 for the OH 18 cm line or the same order as Eq. (1).

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O

ch3oh
cosmic maser radio sources
emission mechanism
h2o
hydrogen line
light lasers
maser clusters
masers hydroxyl molecules
methanol masers
neutron star
observations
oh
optical lasers
radiation dilution coefficient


HOMO–LUMO energy band gaps between ylides and their pyrene adducts propose that the 1,3-DC of second pyridinium ylides to ylidepyrene adducts are HOMOylide–LUMOylide–pyrene controlled since the energy band gap is smaller than HOMOylide–pyrene–LUMOylide. Regioselectivity of second cycloaddition was predicted using the atomic orbital coefficients corresponding to HOMOylide–LUMOylide–pyrene. According to Fukui [33], reactions can be favorable in the direction of maximal HOMO–LUMO overlapping of larger coefficients at the reactive sites. The most favorable interactions between corresponding ylides and ylidepyrene adducts to form the most favorable regioisomer conformation are given in Fig. 3. Second ylide addition to ylidepyrene structure is therefore anticipated to proceed via ylideC2/C6–ylidepyrene-C3 and ylideC7–ylidepyrene/C2 interactions to produce the same regioisomer conformations. Considering the theoretical calculations performed for pyrrolidine attached pyrene structure, it is also expected that formation of the same type of regioisomers are favorable for SWNTs after the 1,3-DC of pyridinium ylides, Fig. 3.

B O O O O B O O B I O O O O O B I I O B O O B O O O O O O O O O B B I I I O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O B I I I O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O B O O O O O B O O

regioselectivity of second cycloaddition


In the recent years and mainly motivated by the impulse of data mining many methods for dimensionality reduction have arisen. Within these, it is worth highlighting the Principal Component Analysis method (PCA) (Jolliffe, 2002). In an N-dimensional vector space, the simplest version of PCA (linear PCA) is a technique that finds the mutually-uncorrelated vectors onto which the projection of the samples generates the highest variances. The result is a set of orthogonal vectors sorted in descending order of achieved variance. The first of these vectors is that onto which the variance of the projection of the samples is maximum. In this sense, the original KPIs constitute the N-dimensional vector space basis, whereas the N^ synthetic KPIs represent the orthogonal vectors with the highest variance. To be rigorous, up to N synthetic orthogonal KPIs may be computed. However, only a small set of them, the first N^, is enough to account for most of the variance of the data.

O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I I B O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

finds the mutually-uncorrelated vectors
n-dimensional vector space basis
n^ synthetic kpis
the first n^
the simplest version of pca


The α-ω-aminohexylcarbamate derivative of cyanocobalamin was prepared using a method described previously [18]. Briefly, solid CDI (260mg, 0.32mmol) was added to cyanocobalamin (1.0g, 0.148mmol) previously dissolved in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. The mixture was stirred for up to 2h at 30°C, followed by the addition of dry 1,6-hexanediamine (314mg, 0.54mmol) and stirring of the mixture at room temperature over 24h. The mixture was poured into ethyl acetate (30ml) and left to stand. Following centrifugation and decanting of the supernatant, the residue was sonicated for 5min in acetone (50ml). The resulting precipitate was filtered and the solid washed in acetone. The crude product was purified by silica column chromatography (45% v/v 2-propanol, 30% v/v n-butanol, 2% v/v ammonia and 25% v/v water) followed by lyophilisation.

O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O B O O B O B O O O O O B O O O B O O O O B O O B O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O B

acetone
ammonia
anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide
centrifugation
crude product
cyanocobalamin
decanting
ethyl acetate
lyophilisation
precipitate
residue
silica column chromatography
solid
supernatant
water


The load of beam pumping unit is changeable, which is often in a state of light load. Reducing a certain voltage can improve the power factor and efficiency of the beam pumping unit when in light load .We can change the voltage by changing the thyristor trigger angle. It is complex and unacceptable to analyze the change of the cycles of the load overall. So we can divide the load of the whole cycle into several equal parts, each can be thought of as a constant load. The most optimal voltage for the current load can be calculated by genetic algorithm. When each load is in the most optimal voltage, we can get the whole optimal voltage changeable rule. Then it produces the result of energy saving.

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I B I I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O B I I O B I I I I O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I


Digital libraries promise new societal benefits, especially for e-learning in digital or mobile times, starting with the elimination of the time and space constraints of traditional bricks-and-mortar libraries. The library and information professionals are required to acquire such knowledge and skills as the library is one of the highly IT influenced service profession. This paper gives an overview of current trends in digital library research consists of digital library characteristic, advantage, disadvantages and function. This paper also highlights on the impact of information technology on the traditional library.

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O B


In contrast to the H particle, the situation for the Θ+ baryon is very promising. Thus, in this Letter we explore the formation of the Θ+-baryon within a new approach called parton-based Gribov–Regge theory. It is realized in the Monte Carlo program NEXUS 3.97 [22,23]. In this model high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions are treated within a self-consistent quantum mechanical multiple scattering formalism. Elementary interactions, happening in parallel, correspond to underlying microscopic (predominantly soft) parton cascades and are described effectively as phenomenological soft pomeron exchanges. A pomeron can be seen as layers of a (soft) parton ladder, which is attached to projectile and target nucleons via leg partons. At high energies one accounts also for the contribution of perturbative (high pt) partons described by a so-called “semihard pomeron”—a piece of the QCD parton ladder sandwiched between two soft pomerons which are connected to the projectile and to the target in the usual way. The spectator partons of both projectile and target nucleons, left after pomeron emissions, form nucleon remnants. The legs of the pomerons form color singlets, such as q–q̄, q–qq or q̄–q̄q̄. The probability of q–qq and q̄–q̄q̄ is controlled by the parameter Pqq and is fixed by the experimental yields on (multi-)strange baryons [23].

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O B I O O B I I I O O B O O B I O O O O B O B I O O B B O B O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

piece of the qcd parton ladder sandwiched between two soft pomerons which are connected to the projectile and to the target in the usual way


The key point of robot dynamics is optimal design and control. The efficiency of robot dynamics has been the goal of researchers in recent years. Screws are used to describe dynamic problems in this paper, and an O(N) recursive robot forward dynamic algorithm is given on this. It can be easily extended to tree topology, closed loop and spatial robot systems. And three classic methods of robot dynamics are compared for easy of use. The results show that dynamics described with screws are helpful in high efficient dynamics modelling. The dynamical expressions based on screws are concise and clear. It's efficiency is high of O(N) and is linear to the degree of freedom. With the improvement of computation efficiency, it will make the real-time dynamics control become possible.

O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O

o(n) recursive robot forward dynamic algorithm

describe dynamic problems
dynamical expressions
dynamics described with screws
efficiency of robot dynamics
improvement of computation efficiency
linear to the degree of freedom
robot dynamics
screws


We prove the uniqueness of the supersymmetric Salam–Sezgin (Minkowski)4×S2 ground state among all non-singular solutions with a four-dimensional Poincaré, de Sitter or anti-de Sitter symmetry. We construct the most general solutions with an axial symmetry in the two-dimensional internal space, and show that included amongst these is a family that is non-singular away from a conical defect at one pole of a distorted 2-sphere. These solutions admit the interpretation of 3-branes with negative tension.

O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

non-singular solutions with a four-dimensional poincaré

construct the most general solutions
prove the uniqueness


Topological insulators (TIs) are promising candidates of spintronics materials because of their robust helical surface states and the extremely strong spin–orbit interaction [1–3]. Initially, binary chalcogenides Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Se3 have been identified as three-dimensional TIs by surface sensitive probes such as angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. Later, ternary chalcogenide (BixSb1−x)2Te3 [4,5], which has similar tetradymite structure to the parent compounds Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3, was predicted by ab initio calculations and confirmed by ARPES measurements as a tunable topological insulator whose Fermi energy and carrier density can be adjusted via changing the Bi/Sb composition ratio with stable topological surface state for the entire composition range. Combined with magnetism or superconductivity, TIs have attracted great attention due to the rich variety of new physics and applications. The ferromagnetism in several transition metal (TM) doped TIs, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry, has been reported [6–13]. Ferromagnetism in TIs is important because the combination of magnetism with TIs makes a good platform to study fundamental physical phenomena, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect [14–17], Majorana fermions [18], image magnetic monopole effect [19], and topological contributions to the Faraday and Kerr magneto-optical effect [20].

B I B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I B B O B O O O O O B O B I I O O B I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O B I I O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I B O B O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O B I O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O


In the paper we present an extended version of the graph-based unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation algorithm. The algorithm is based on the spreading activation scheme applied to the graphs dynamically built on the basis of the text words and a large wordnet. The algorithm, originally proposed for English and Princeton WordNet, was adapted to Polish and plWordNet. An extension based on the knowledge acquired from the corpus-derived Measure of Semantic Relatedness was proposed. The extended algorithm was evaluated against the manually disambiguated corpus. We observed improvement in the case of the disambiguation performed for shorter text contexts. In addition the algorithm application expressed improvement in document clustering task.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O B O O O B I I I O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I

corpus-derived measure of semantic relatedness

extended version of the graph-based unsupervised word sense disambiguation algorithm

algorithm
disambiguation
document clustering task
english and princeton wordnet
extension
large wordnet
manually disambiguated corpus
polish and plwordnet
spreading activation scheme
text words


This paper suggests a design of high quality real-time rotation face detection architecture for gesture recognition of smart TV. For high performance rotated face detection, the multiple-MCT(Modified Census Transform) architecture, which is robust against lighting change, was used. The Adaboost learning algorithm was used for creating optimized learning data. The proposed hardware structure was composed of Color Space Converter, Image Resizer, Noise Filter, Memory Controller Interface, Image Rotator, Image Scaler, MCT Generator, Candidate Detector, Confidence Switch, Confidence Mapper, Position Resizer, Data Grouper, Overlay Processor and Color Overlay Processer. As a result, suggested face detection device can conduct real-time processing at speed of at least 30 frames per second.

O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I I O O B I O O O B I I O O B I B I I B I B I B O O O B I O O O O B I B I O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

design of high quality real-time rotation face detection architecture for gesture recognition of smart tv

adaboost learning algorithm
color overlay processer
color space converter
confidence switch
creating optimized learning data
data grouper
face detection
gesture recognition
hardware structure
image rotator
image scaler
mct
memory controller interface
noise filter
overlay processor


Amodel are proposed for modeling data-centric Web services which are powered by relational databases and interact with users according to logical formulas specifying input constraints, control-flow constraints and state/output/action rules. The Linear Temporal First-Order Logic (LTL-FO) formulas over inputs, states, outputs and actions are used to express the properties to be verified.We have proven that automatic verification of LTL-FO properties of data-centric Web services under input-bounded constraints is decidable by reducing Web services to data-centric Web applications. Thus, we can verify Web service specifications using existing verifier designed for Web applications.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I O O O O O B I

reducing web services to data-centric web applications

interact with users
logical formulas
relational databases
verify web service specifications
web applications


This conclusion is a consequence of the high jet speeds and small nozzle diameters in combination with the relatively high viscosity solvent and modest molecular weights of the polystyrene, which results in high Weissenberg numbers and moderate values of the extensibility, L studied here. As discussed in earlier papers [3,6], other jetting fluid combinations, such as those of de Gans et al. [4], lie in a different jetting regime where full extension does not occur and relaxation time controls the viscoelastic behaviour. Consequently inkjet fluid assessment methods need to provide a full characterisation including both linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties. This complexity suggests assessments of inkjet fluids might have to include jetting from sets of DoD print head devices with different sensitivities to all the various VE parameters [37], rather than reliance on testing without jetting. This was not the expected outcome from the present work but does echo the very pragmatic viewpoint expressed as a “map of misery” by Clasen et al. [38] and may provide a way forward for future R&D strategies towards ink testing.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O B I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I


Certainly therefore the see-saw mechanism is an attractive explanation of why the light neutrino masses are so small. However, it is not without its faults. In particular, there is a tension between the strongly hierarchical nature of the observed Yukawa couplings in the quark and charged lepton sectors, and the essentially hierarchy-free masses implied by the Δm2's. Moreover, both the θ12 and θ23 mixing angles are large while the angle θ13 is small which is in sharp contrast with the corresponding mixings in the quark sector which are all small. These problems can be solved in specific models, for example, the Δm2 values can be fitted by taking the spectrum of rhd neutrino masses to be hierarchical in such a way as to almost compensate for the hierarchical neutrino Yukawa couplings. But this has the price of introducing a wide range of rhd neutrino masses MR∼1010–1015 which then require explanation.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O

hierarchy-free masses implied by the δm2's

yukawa couplings in the quark and charged lepton sectors

δm2 values can be fitted by taking the spectrum of rhd neutrino masses

charged lepton sectors
hierarchical neutrino yukawa couplings
light neutrino masses
mr∼1010–1015
quark
rhd neutrino masses
the angle θ13
yukawa couplings
θ12 and θ23 mixing angles


In Obstacle detection is based on inverse perspective mapping and homography. Obstacle classification is based on fuzzy neural network. The estimation of the vanishing point relies on feature extraction strategy. The method exploits the geometrical relations between the elements in the scene so that obstacle can be detected. The estimated homography of the road plane between successive images is used for image alignment. A new fuzzy decision fusion method with fuzzy attribution for obstacle detection and classification application is described The fuzzy decision function modifies parameters with auto-adapted algorithm to get better classification probability It is shown that the method can achieve better classification result.

O B O O O O B I I I I B B O O O B I I O B I I I I O O B I I O O O O B I O O B O O B O O B O O B O B I O O B I O O B O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O B O O B O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O


Solitons present the possibility of extended objects as stable states within Quantum Field Theory. Although these solutions are obtained from semi-classical arguments in weak coupling limit, their validity as quantal states is justified based on the associated topological conservation laws. A more curious occurrence is that of fermionic zero-energy modes trapped on such solutions. Their presence requires, according to well-known arguments [1,2], an assignment of half-integer fermion number to the solitonic states. In the usual treatment, the back reaction of the fermion zero-modes on the soliton itself is ignored. However, the fractional values of the fermionic charge have interesting consequence for the fate of the soliton if the latter is not strictly stable. The reason for this is that if the configuration were to relax to trivial vacuum in isolation, there is no particle-like state available for carrying the fractional value of the fermionic charge. Dynamical stability of such objects was pointed out in [3], in cosmological context in [4,5] and more recently in [6–8]. Fractional fermion number phenomenon also occurs in condensed matter systems and its wide ranging implications call for a systematic understanding of the phenomenon.

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I I I


Knowledge Management (KM) is one of the hotspots for research in the past decade. In most cases, the number of users in a Knowledge Management System (KMS) is very large, and they are from varied departments, even other companies. In this paper, some defects when existing methods about access control and recommendation are deployed in KMS are analyzed to show that these widely-used approaches need to be extended. To overcome the deficiencies of previous work, this paper proposes an extended Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) method and a hybrid recommendation approach for Knowledge Management System. Also, a real-life system is presented to verify the proposed methodology.

B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I

knowledge management system
real-life system
role-based access contro

defects when existing methods about access control and recommendation are deployed in kms are analyzed


Including

the

O(αs)

corrections,

all

the

operators

listed

in

and

have

to

be

included.

A

convenient

framework

to

carry

out

these

calculations

is

the

QCD

factorization

framework

which

allows

to

express

the

hadronic

matrix

elements

in

the

schematic

form:

(11)〈Vγ|Oi|B〉=FB→VTiI+∫dk+2π∫01duφB,+(k+)TiII(k+,u)φV⊥(u),

where

FB→V

are

the

transition

form

factors

defined

through

the

matrix

elements

of

the

operator

φB,+(k+)

is

the

leading-twist

B-meson

wave-function

with

k+

being

a

light-cone

component

of

the

spectator

quark

momentum,

φ⊥V(u)

is

the

leading-twist

light-cone

distribution

amplitude

(LCDA)

of

the

transversely-polarized

vector

meson

V,

and

u

is

the

fractional

momentum

of

the

vector

meson

carried

by

one

of

the

two

partons.

The

quantities

TiI

and

TiII

are

the

hard-perturbative

kernels

calculated

to

order

αs,

with

the

latter

containing

the

so-called

hard-spectator

contributions.

The

factorization

formula

holds

in

the

heavy

quark

limit,

i.e.,

to

order

ΛQCD/MB.

This

factorization

framework

has

been

used

to

calculate

the

branching

fractions

and

related

quantities

for

the

decays

B→K∗γ

and

B→ργ

The

isospin

violation

in

the

B→K∗γ

decays

in

this

framework

have

also

been

studied

(For

applications

to

B→K∗γ∗,

see

Refs.

Very

recently,

the

hard-spectator

contribution

arising

from

the

chromomagnetic

operator

have

also

been

calculated

in

next-to-next-to-leading

order

(NNLO)

in

αs

showing

that

the

spectator

interactions

factorize

in

the

heavy

quark

limit

However,

the

numerical

effect

of

the

resummed

NNLO

contributions

is

marginal

and

we

shall

not

include

this

in

our

update.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O

express the hadronic matrix elements in the schematic form:

hard-spectator contribution arising from the chromomagnetic operator o8

leading-twist b-meson wave-function with k+ being a light-cone component of the spectator quark momentum

leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitude

operators listed in (9) and (10) have to be included

transition form factors defined through the matrix elements of the operator o7, φb

fractional momentum of the vector meson carried by one of the two partons


Recently, a network virtualization technology has attracted considerable attention as one of new generation network technologies. In this paper, in order to permit the rapid changing for a topology of a virtual network, we propose a new virtual network construction method based on the shortest path betweenness. In our proposed method, at first, a service provider receives a user's request for the reconfiguration of the constructed virtual network. In this case, the service provider reconfigures the topology of the constructed virtual network rapidly based on shortest path betweenness. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method with simulation, and we show the effectiveness of our proposed method.

O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O B I


In this work, light propagation in a scattering medium with piece-wise constant refractive index using the radiative transport equation was studied. Light propagation in each sub-domain with a constant refractive index was modeled using the RTE and the equations were coupled using boundary conditions describing Fresnel reflection and transmission phenomenas on the interfaces between the sub-domains. The resulting coupled system of RTEs was numerically solved using the FEM. The proposed model was tested using simulations and was compared with the solution of the Monte Carlo method. The results show that the coupled RTE model describes light propagation accurately in comparison with the Monte Carlo method. In addition, results show that neglecting internal refractive index changes can lead to erroneous boundary measurements of scattered light. This indicates that the quality of the DOT reconstructions could possible be increased by incorporating a model for internal refractive index changes in the image reconstruction procedure.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I

fresnel reflection and transmission phenomenas


The propagation of unsteady disturbances in ducts of slowly-varying geometry, such as those typical of an aeroengine, can be successfully modelled using a multiple scales approach. From the first application [1] of multiple-scales analysis to sound propagation in ducts of rectangular and circular cross section without mean flow, more recent developments have extended the method to cases with uniform mean flow [2], mean swirling flow [3], ducts of arbitrary cross section [4] (with uniform mean flow) and strongly curved ducts [5]. The multiple-scales approach has a number of distinct advantages over full numerical methods as it is ideally suited to handle higher frequencies and the computational complexity is only marginally more than calculating the eigenmodes inside a straight parallel duct. The accuracy and usefulness of the multiple scales approach has been validated against finite-element methods [6] for realistic aeroengine configurations and acoustic frequencies [7,8].

O B I I I O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O B O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O

aeroengine configurations
finite-element methods
multiple-scales analysis
multiple-scales approach
strongly curved ducts
uniform mean flow

acoustic frequencies
aeroengine
calculating the eigenmodes
ducts
higher frequencies
mean flow
mean swirling flow
multiple scales approach
numerical methods
propagation of unsteady disturbances
sound propagation
straight parallel duct


Despite the fact that SRC-HE reduces the number of FEs, audio measurements extraction based on SRC would still be not suitable for real-time applications [39]. The previous SRC-HE module is then replaced by the generalised cross correlation phase transform (GCC-PHAT) introduced in Section 2.1, as this does not involve cumbersome point function estimations. The drawback is that the basic GCC algorithm can only detect one source at a time and it is known to be sensitive to room reverberations [5], however it is still effective under moderate reverberant environments (T60≈0.3s) [40]. For these reasons, at first experiments where only a speaker is active at any given time are carried out, as it often happens in a polite conversation between two or more people. Speech segments using a voice activity detector (VAD) [41] are further extracted and processed using a GCC-PHAT step, for the signal to be more robust to reverberations. Thus, the measure vector obtained za (see Section 2.1) can now be rewritten as za={τm(t)}, where each component τm is the TDOA collected at the m-th microphone pair at each time step t. Since TDOAs are not linear in the speaker position, they must be input into an extended Kalman filter (EKF), as in [10] to get an audio position estimation.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O B I I

gcc-phat
gcc-phat step
m-th microphone pair
src-he