Traditionally, the simulation of incompressible fluid flow by the SPH method has been through a weakly compressible SPH formulation (WCSPH). In this approach, the pressure is treated as a thermodynamic variable and is calculated using an artificial equation of state. The sound speed is set to be sufficiently high to limit density variations to within a small fraction of the actual fluid density. In practice, this high sound speed places a limitation on the maximum permissible time-step size through the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) constraint. A particular weakness relates to noise in the pressure field since a small perturbation in the local density will yield a large variation in the local pressure. This can make WCSPH formulations ineffective for accurate force and pressure prediction, although recent developments which create more uniform particle distributions have improved this [1,2]. A review of the SPH method can be found in [3] while a review of the classical WCSPH formulation applied to free-surface flows can be found in [4].

O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O B I I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O

fluid flow
free-surface flows
particle
simulation of incompressible fluid flow


Two-state models are often insufficient to fit complex traces, therefore we also study the approximate fitting of large M3PPs. In the single class setting, a known limitation of MMPPs is the inability to simultaneously fit many statistical descriptors due to the non-linearity of their underlying equations (Bodrog, Heindl, Horváth, & Telek, 2008; Heindl, Horváth, & Gross, 2006; Horváth & Telek, 2009). This has led to the definition of several approaches to fit complex traces by composing multiple small-sized MMPPs or MAPs using Kronecker operators (Andersen & Nielsen, 1998; Casale, Zhang, & Smirni, 2010; Horváth & Telek, 2002). These methods employ composition operators for moment fitting, offering a different trade-off between computational cost and fitting accuracy compared to fitting methods based on the EM algorithm (Breuer, 2002; Horváth & Okamura, 2013; Klemm, Lindemann, & Lohmann, 2003). In particular, the superposition operator allows one to describe a trace by the statistical multiplexing of several MMPPs, at the expense of an exponential growth of the number of states in the resulting process (Sriram & Whitt, 1986). This state space explosion is an obstacle for the application of MMPPs and MAPs to modeling real systems; for example it considerably slows down, or even renders infeasible, the numerical evaluation of queueing models by matrix geometric methods (Bini, Meini, Steffé, Pérez, & Houdt, 2012; Pérez, Velthoven, & Houdt, 2008).

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O

composing multiple small-sized mmpps or maps

statistical multiplexing of several mmpps

study the approximate fitting of large m3pps

composition operators
em algorithm
fitting methods
kronecker operators
m3pps
matrix geometric methods
mmpps
modeling real systems
numerical evaluation of queueing models
state space explosion
statistical descriptors
superposition operator
underlying equations


It is difficult in directly predicting permeability from porosity in tight sandstones due to the poor relationship between core derived porosity and permeability that caused by the extreme heterogeneity. The classical SDR (Schlumberger Doll Research) and Timur-Coates models are all unusable because not enough core samples were drilled for lab NMR experimental measurements to calibrate the involved model parameters. Based on the classification scale method (CSM), after the target tight sandstones are classified into two types, the relationship between core porosity and permeability is established for every type of formations, and the corresponding permeability estimation models are established. Field examples show that the classification scale method is effective in estimating tight sandstone permeability.

O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O B B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O B O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O B B

calibrate the involved model parameters
permeability estimation models
timur-coates models

calibrate
classification scale method
csm
experimental measurements
field examples
nmr
permeability
porosity
sandstone
sandstones
schlumberger doll research
sdr


The aim of this note is nothing more than to bring both approaches on equal footing and to relax the assumptions under which the results of [11,13] have been derived using the first approach. More concretely, we generalize the one-loop partition functions, as derived in [11,13] for levels being odd, to the case of even levels. Moreover, on the level of partition functions we implement additional dressings of the world-sheet parity symmetry and identify them with the dressings introduced in [12] in the crosscap state approach. As expected, all the physical information can be read off entirely from the various amplitudes. We will end up with a collection of very explicit and general one-loop partition functions and tadpole cancellation conditions covering simple current extensions of all 168 Gepner models with additional dressings of the parity symmetry. In fact providing a compact collection of the main relevant formulas for constructing supersymmetric Gepner model orientifolds was one of the motivations for writing this Letter. We hope that these expressions turn out to be useful for a systematic search for Standard-like models respectively for providing a statistical ensemble in the spirit of [29].

O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I I I I I O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

systematic search for standard-like models

constructing supersymmetric gepner model orientifolds

current extensions of all 168 gepner models


ELRs are particularly attractive for the synthesis of block copolymers that self-assemble into polymer nanostructures such as micelles. The first work in this area involved an elastin-mimetic di-block copolymer containing VPGEG–(IPGAG)4 and VPGFG–(IPGVG)4 as the hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks, respectively [49]. The resulting micelles were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and DSC was used to measure the enthalpy of self-assembly. A tri-block copolymer was subsequently synthesized and the TEM images of this polymer showed that it formed spherical aggregates [50]. Other multivalent spherical micelles have been obtained from linear elastin-like AB di-block copolymers in the temperature range 37–42°C with the aim of targeting cancer cells [51]. Bidwell et al. have also exploited the ELRs for its ability to serve as macromolecular carriers for thermally targeted delivery of drugs. Attachment of doxorubicin to ELR-based system showed enhanced cytotoxicity in uterine sarcoma cells when aggregation was induced with hyperthermia [52].

B O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O B O O O B I I B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O B I I I I O O B O O O O O B O B I I O B O O O B O

linear elastin-like ab di-block copolymers

aggregation
block copolymers
cytotoxicity
dls
doxorubicin
dsc
dynamic light scattering
elrs
hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks
hyperthermia
macromolecular carriers
micelles
polymer
spherical aggregates
targeting cancer cells
tem images
thermally targeted delivery of drugs
uterine sarcoma cells


The design, and the temperature reached in the sample holders, guarantees that the Na remains liquid during operation to improve the heating transfer and avoiding solid formation (too cold working temperature) or sodium boiling (too hot working temperature). The temperature above and just below the Na surface will be monitored by six dedicated thermocouples. In order to prevent oxidation of the Na, the plenum of the 1st containment is filled with high-purity He at 0.1MPa, sealed after final assembly and kept closed during in-pile operation (no gas circulation in the 1st containment). The heat generated by fission and gamma absorption in the materials will be radially dissipated through the Na bath, the structural materials and the gas gaps by conduction and radiation to the downstream primary coolant of the TRIO wet channel.

O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O B I I I O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I I I I O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

gas circulation
high-purity he
na bath
na surface
sodium boiling


It has been more than a century since the emergence of the lettered words. After that, with the development of economy and culture, the increase of international contacts and communication between China and foreign countries, lettered words have been appearing more frequently. Lettered words have become an indispensable part of Chinese vocabulary, such as WTO, Ka la OK and MP3. As a new phenomenon in the vocabulary system of the modern Chinese, the lettered words draws a lot of academic attention. Ecolinguistics is a new branch of linguistic, which combine the linguistic with the ecology. This paper is trying to analyze the lettered words from the perspective of Ecolinguistics. This paper will discuss the reasons of appearing the lettered words and the influence may give to modern Chinese form the ecolinguistic view.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O B B I I O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O B I I O B I I I I I O O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O

analyze the lettered words from the perspective of ecolinguistics


The final contribution to the force is the van der Waals interaction. It includes the following contributions: (i) between the macroscopic Si tip of conical shape with the sphere of radius R at the end [27] and semi-infinite substrate; (ii) the dispersion forces between the atoms in the sample treated atomistically; and (iii) the interaction between the macroscopic part of the tip and the sample atoms. The first contribution is calculated analytically [27]. In fact, the macroscopic contribution to the van der Waals force is the same in each of the three systems described below, as it depends only on the tip–surface separation, macroscopic sphere radius, cone-angle and Hamaker constant of the system [27]. All these quantities are identical in each system we look at, so that the van der Waals force acts as a background attractive force independent of the microscopic properties of the system [8]. The Hamaker constant needed for the calculation of the macroscopic van der Waals force is estimated to be 0.5eV [32].

O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I I I I O O O O O O

atoms
calculation
dispersion forces
macroscopic part of the tip
macroscopic si tip
macroscopic van der waals force
tip–surface separation
van der waals force
van der waals interaction


The primary benefit of using a 3D model is that it allows the application of anisotropic material properties. As a hexagonal close packed lattice structure, a single zirconium grain is plastically anisotropic due to the difficulty of activating slip with a 〈c〉 component [23–26]. Abaqus allows this to be represented by setting plasticity potential ratios. The anisotropic elastic and plastic constants are shown in Table 1. Zirconium alloys can often have a bimodal basal pole distribution, with a tilt on the basal normal or c direction of ±30° in the normal direction being quoted for recrystallized Zircaloy-4 [27,28]. However, for simplicity the basal normal or c direction has been taken as being parallel to the normal direction. As such the 1, 2 and 3 directions in Table 1 correlate with the X, Y and Z global coordinate system for the 3D simulations, with the 3 direction correlating to the c direction of a zirconium unit lattice. Table 1 also shows the elastic properties incorporated into the simulations. The oxide layer has been simulated as a purely elastic material. Although it is known that the oxide is strongly textured [29], it is still simulated as a homogenous solid therefore isotropic material properties have been used for the oxide in all simulations.

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I O B I I I I O O O O O B O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B O O B

oxide layer
recrystallized zircaloy-4
zirconium grain
zirconium unit lattice


In this paper, we propose a general agent-based distributed framework where each agent is implementing a different metaheuristic/local search combination. Moreover, an agent continuously adapts itself during the search process using a direct cooperation protocol based on reinforcement learning and pattern matching. Good patterns that make up improving solutions are identified and shared by the agents. This agent-based system aims to provide a modular flexible framework to deal with a variety of different problem domains. We have evaluated the performance of this approach using the proposed framework which embodies a set of well known metaheuristics with different configurations as agents on two problem domains, Permutation Flow-shop Scheduling and Capacitated Vehicle Routing. The results show the success of the approach yielding three new best known results of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing benchmarks tested, whilst the results for Permutation Flow-shop Scheduling are commensurate with the best known values for all the benchmarks tested.

O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I O O B I O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B O O O B O B I I I I I I I I I O B O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

permutation flow-shop scheduling and capacitated vehicle routing


A key part of this problem is that an inspector only has access to data from a small inspected area. In this area, there is only one minimum thickness, which does not provide enough information to build a model of the smallest thicknesses. An inspector can generate a sample of the smallest thickness measurements by partitioning the inspection data into a number of equally sized blocks. In each block the minimum thickness is recorded. This set forms a sample of the smallest thickness measurements. From this sample, one can build a model which takes into account the variations of the smallest thickness measurements. Extreme value analysis (EVA) provides a limiting form for this model. It states that, if the underlying thickness measurements in each block are taken from independent and identical distributions, then the sample of minimum thickness measurements will follow a generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD).

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I I B

model of the smallest thicknesses
partitioning the inspection data


The research work in this paper elaborates on the theoretical effectiveness of the proposed method based on the multivariate EMD. It also clearly indicates through numerical simulations and applications to bearing monitoring that the expansion from standard EMD to multivariate EMD is a successful exploration. Using multiple sensors to collect signal from different locations of the machine and using the multivariate EMD to analyze multivariate signal can contribute to comprehensively collect all the frequency components related to any bearing fault, and is beneficial to extract fault information, especially for early weak fault characteristics. Both the characteristic frequencies of simulated signal and the fault frequencies of practical rolling bearing signal can be extracted from the same order of IMF groups, thus showing that multivariate EMD is an effective signal decomposition algorithm and can be competently applied to fault diagnosis of rolling bearings when combined with a multiscale reduction method and fault correlation factor analysis. In signal acquisition and processing, given the circumstance that there is a trend toward the use of multiple sensors, multivariate EMD appears to be very useful and meaningful as a kind of multivariate data processing algorithm. By analyzing the simulated signal and two different practical multivariate signals, the results demonstrate the significance of the proposed method in the field of fault diagnosis of rolling bearing.

O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O B I O B I I I O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O B I I O B I I I O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I

bearing monitoring
fault diagnosis of rolling bearing
standard emd

elaborates on the theoretical effectiveness of the proposed method based on the multivariate emd

expansion from standard emd to multivariate emd


The validity of semi-classical boundary conditions for the WTE as introduced in [8] is a topic under vivid debate, especially after recent works which address the non-uniqueness and the symmetry properties of the Wigner function [27,28,46]. The numerical test cases presented therein are for symmetric potentials for which we cannot provide reliable, i.e. well-resolved, results due to the presence of singular terms in the steady state Wigner functions, see Section 4.3. Other recent studies demonstrate the convergence of the WTE calculations upon increasing the size of the simulation domain [44] as well as possible improvements by adapting the boundary distribution to the physical state of the active device region [47]. Despite their approximate nature we employ inflow/outflow boundary conditions here as well and demonstrate that accurate and physically valid results can be achieved for sufficiently large values of Lres. Due to the problematics with singular terms we present simulations only for non-zero bias voltages VDS≠0 V.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B I I O O B I I I I O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

non-uniqueness and the symmetry properties of the wigner function


The Hamiltonian approach and the variational approach are utilized to treat the relativistic harmonic oscillator for the amplitude-frequency relationship. The nice reliability is shown by the result comparison with that from open literature. The simplicity and efficiency of the methods are also disclosed for different range of the initial amplitude during looking for the amplitude-frequency relationship for the nonlinear relativistic harmonic oscillator.

O B I O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I


The systems in which the Stern–Gerlach force is most prominent are those with a high electromagnetic field gradient. Section 2 considers the implications of the coupling between the spin of a classical electron and the rapidly varying electromagnetic field produced by a laser-driven plasma wave. Sufficiently short, high-intensity laser pulses can form longitudinal waves within the electron density of a plasma. These density waves propagate with speed comparable to the group speed of the laser pulse. Not all plasma electrons form this wave, however; some of the electrons are caught up in the wave and accelerated by its high fields. The wave eventually collapses as these electrons damp the wave (the wave ‘breaks’). The extremely high electric field gradient of a plasma wave near wavebreaking provides an excellent theoretical testing ground for the effects of Stern–Gerlach-type contributions to the trajectory of a test electron.

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O B O O O B I O O B O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B

electromagnetic field gradient
electrons damp the wave
high-intensity laser pulses
laser-driven plasma wave
laser pulse
plasma electrons
stern–gerlach-type contributions


The exponential relationships reported in the plots may be used to convert the dielectric values to air void values as prescribed in previous studies [1–3]. The AC pavement composite permittivity reduces, along with the reflection coefficient, as the volumetric proportion of air increases as compared to the remaining components. However, the method relies on an empirical fit, determined on a case-by-case basis, since the permittivity of the remaining components depends on the mix design (aggregate type, binder content, etc.). Long term studies in Finland concluded that this empirical fit is an exponential relationship [1]. The exponential fits, using a sufficient amount of cores, can be used to map the air void content variation in a similar manner to the dielectric maps shown in Fig. 4. Only 4 cores were feasible due to various factors involved with testing the final lift of an in-service pavement. More cores are needed for more stable exponential coefficients, although the limited cores show that the predicted relationships are similar for the measured dielectric range in this case-study. Since both regressions predict air void content at a maximum difference of 0.56%, which is within the uncertainty of the core measurement precision of 0.7%, use of either the initial or repeat run regression predictions are appropriate.

O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O B O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I I I I O O


Though, in this Letter we have constructed the Born–Infeld black holes in the presence of a cosmological constant and discussed their thermodynamical properties, many issues however still remain to be investigated. We know that Reissner–Nordström AdS black holes undergo Hawking–Page phase transition. This transition gets modified as we include Born–Infeld corrections into account. We hope to carry out a detail study on this issue in the future. Furthermore, in the context of brane world cosmology, it was found that a brane moving in a Reissner–Nordström AdS background generates non-singular cosmology [14]. However, as shown in [15], the brane always crosses the inner horizon of the bulk geometry, creating an instability. It would be interesting to study cosmology on the brane when it is moving in the charged black hole backgrounds that we have constructed. Note that since these charged holes does not have inner horizon for certain range of parameters, we may generate non-singular cosmology without creating the instabilities that we have just mentioned.

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O B O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O B O B I I I I I I I O O B O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O

constructed the born–infeld black holes in the presence of a cosmological constant


The extrapolation of the upwind value required for TVD differencing is a particular hurdle for the application on unstructured meshes. As discussed in Section 3.2, two methods to extrapolate the value at the virtual upwind node, using data readily available on unstructured meshes, are considered. Given how the virtual upwind node is incorporated in the gradient ratio rf, the extrapolation method of Darwish and Moukalled [13] is referred to as implicit extrapolation and the method introduced by Ubbink and Issa [12] as explicit extrapolation. Both methods precisely reconstruct the upwind value for equidistant, rectilinear meshes but fail to do so on non-equidistant or non-rectilinear meshes, as discussed in Section 3.2. Using the explicit extrapolation method this issue can be rectified by imposing appropriate limits on the extrapolated upwind value.

O B I I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O B I I I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

equidistant, rectilinear meshes
non-equidistant
non-rectilinear meshes


States outside the constituent quark model have been hypothesized to exist almost since the introduction of color [1–4]. Hybrid mesons, qq̄ states with an admixture of gluons, and glueballs, states with no quark content, rely on the self interaction property of gluons due to their color charge. Looking for glueballs would be the most obvious way to find evidence for states with constituent gluons; however, the search is hindered by the fact that these states may significantly mix with regular qq̄-mesons in the region where the lightest are predicted to occur. As such, they may not be observable as pure states and disentangling the observed spectra may be a very difficult task. Instead, hybrid mesons (qq̄gn) may be a better place to search for evidence of resonances outside the constituent quark model, especially since the lightest of theses states are predicted to have exotic quantum numbers of spin, parity, and charge conjugation, JPC, that is, combinations that are unattainable by regular qq̄-mesons.

O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O


The retrospective assessment of environmental carrying capacity aims to obtain the historical development situation of reclamation domain, it's an essential tool for improving the managed level and guiding the environmental management of reclamation. In this paper, a synthetic assessment method based on cloud theory is applied to evaluate the single factor and multiple factors environmental carrying capacity in Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay, China. With the field data of five assessment indexes in recent six years, the assessment results are obtained which show that the marine reclamation has a certain impact for the marine environment.

O O O O B I I O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O B I I I O O O B I I I O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O


Design semantics is an integration of human mode of existence and view on culture and art, which means it is a unity of art and science. Design semantics is the annotation of form and the reflection of its symbolic meaning, which means it is an explanation of the deposited human cultural spirit. Chinese art stresses Expression, Force and Qi. In China, people advocate “to learn from nature”, “to look up to observe the sun, the moon and stars, and look down to observe the surroundings”, and take “Nature and Man in One” as the highest state of spirit. Design semantics is expressed in space environment design through a symbiotic philosophical view that natural and artificial forms are complementary and interactive. This form of design leads humans back to a better state of living, i.e. Nature and Man in One.

B I O O B I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O B I I I I B I O O B I I I I I I I I I O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

observe the surroundings
to learn from nature


The first step of PB, the enumeration of the conditional sample space through abductive logic programming, could be compared to “logical inference” in ProbLog [9]. While both languages aim to generate a propositional formula and compile it into a decision diagram, “logical inference” in PB is based on abductive logic programming, while ProbLog grounds the relevant parts of the probabilistic program. Moreover, in PB compilation of the boolean formulas is performed using (RO)BDDs, while ProbLog can use a wider range of decision diagrams, e.g. sentential decision diagrams (SDD), deterministic, decomposable negation normal form (d-DNNF). These differences reflect the different aims of the two PPLs: ProbLog focuses on models where “logical inference” needs to be efficient, and the resulting representation, the decision diagrams, need to be compact, while PB focuses on models where “logical inference” is typically easy, however it must be applied repeatedly, according to the nature and the number of the observations. However, in future work, PB could benefit from the use of more compact decision diagrams.

O O O O B O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I


For decades, vibronic coupling models [1–4] have served as bridges connecting nuclear dynamics studies with the static studies of electronic structure calculations [5]. The vibronic coupling model is a simple polynomial expansion of diabatic potential energy surfaces and couplings. The expansion coefficients are chosen so that the eigenvalues of the potential operator map on to the adiabatic potential surfaces. This diabatisation by ansatz circumvents many of the problems of describing non-adiabatic systems. It is also the inspiration for a diabatisation scheme that is used in modern, direct-dynamic methods that include non-adiabatic effects [6]. For a model Hamiltonian to correctly approximate the eigenvectors of the true Hamiltonian it has to span the totally symmetric irreducible representation (IrRep) of the point groups the molecule belongs to, at the appropriate symmetric geometries [7]. In recent times, many articles have demonstrated the advantages of using symmetry when constructing analytic model potentials [8–12], most often in the context of permutation-inversion groups [13].

O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O B I I O O O B I O B I I I I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O

diabatisation scheme
direct-dynamic methods
non-adiabatic systems
permutation-inversion groups


Nuclear theory devoted major efforts since 4 decades to describe thermalization in nuclear reactions, predominantly using semi-classical methods [13,14,10], in line with similar problems in quantum liquids [15,16]. There were attempts to develop improved molecular dynamics methods combining quantum features with a semi classical treatment of dynamical correlations [17,18]. Still, no clear-cut quantum approach is readily available yet, in spite of numerous formal attempts [19,20,10]. The field of clusters and nano structures is far younger but fast developing in relation to the ongoing developments of lasers and imaging techniques. Semiclassical approaches were also considered in the field to include some dynamical corrections [21,22] and could qualitatively describe dynamical processes. But such approaches are bound to simple metals with sufficiently delocalized wave functions, and thus smooth potentials justifying semiclassical approximations. The case of organic systems, in particular the much celebrated C60 [4,23], cannot be treated this way. Semi classical, and even classical approaches, can be used at very high excitations such as delivered by very intense laser pulses [2]. In such cases the system is blown up and details of its quantum mechanical features do not matter anymore. But for less violent scenarios, quantum shell effects cannot be ignored.

B I O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I B I I O O B I I I I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O


An inherent problem of the phase-space discretisation is the spurious separation of energy into the discretised bins. This is called the “Garden Sprinkler Effect” and has been extensively studied in [48,49,20]. (In the Boltzmann transport community this is known as the ray effect.) To showcase this effect in the angular dimension, a large spatial domain (4000km×4000km) is simulated, with a monochromatic wave propagating over a long distance in deep water (d=10000m). For the spatial discretisation a structured triangle mesh is used, with an element edge length of 67km (Fig. 11(a)). The initial wave field, located 500km from the lower and left side has a Gaussian distribution in space, with a significant wave height of Hs=2.5m and a standard deviation of 150km (Fig. 11(b)). Its mean direction is 30° with an angular distribution of cos2(θ) and a frequency of 0.1Hz. The simulation is time-dependent and runs for 5 days with a time-step of 600s.

O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O


Isogeometric analysis. The central idea of isogeometric analysis is to use the same ansatz functions for the discretization of the partial differential equation at hand, as are used for the representation of the problem geometry. Usually, the problem geometry Ω is represented in computer aided design (CAD) by means of NURBS or T-splines. This concept, originally invented in [1] for finite element methods (IGAFEM) has proved very fruitful in applications [1,2]; see also the monograph [3]. Since CAD directly provides a parametrization of the boundary ∂Ω, this makes the boundary element method (BEM) the most attractive numerical scheme, if applicable (i.e., provided that the fundamental solution of the differential operator is explicitly known). Isogeometric BEM (IGABEM) has first been considered for 2D BEM in [4] and for 3D BEM in [5]. Unlike standard BEM with piecewise polynomials which is well-studied in the literature, cf. the monographs [6,7] and the references therein, the numerical analysis of IGABEM is essentially open. We only refer to [2,8–10] for numerical experiments and to [11] for some quadrature analysis. In particular, a posteriori error estimation has been well-studied for standard BEM, e.g., [12–18] as well as the recent overview article [19], but has not been treated for IGABEM so far. The purpose of the present work is to shed some first light on a posteriori error analysis for IGABEM which provides some mathematical foundation of a corresponding adaptive algorithm.

B I O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O B I I B O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B O O O O O O O O B I

shed some first light on a posteriori error analysis for igabem

2d bem
3d bem
adaptive algorithm
ansatz functions
a posteriori error analysis
a posteriori error estimation
bem
boundary element method
cad
computer aided design
finite element methods
igabem
igafem
isogeometric analysis
numerical scheme
nurbs
problem geometry
quadrature analysis