document: Despite the loss of directed, self-complementary hydrogen bonding through alkylation of the imidazole ring, electrostatic aggregation of imidazolium salts is a tunable, self-assembly process, which is instrumental to several applications. Imidazolium salts are used to extract metal ions from aqueous solutions and coat metal nanoparticles [15], dissolve carbohydrates [16], and create polyelectrolyte brushes on surfaces [17]. For example, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to graft poly(1-ethyl 3-(2-methacryloyloxy ethyl) imidazolium chloride) brushes onto gold surfaces [17]. One of the imidazolium salt’s most promising attributes is its antimicrobial action [12,18] and molecular self-assembly into liquid crystals [19,20]. 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides and bromides, 1-alkyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolium chlorides, and N-alkyl-N-hydroxyethylpyrrolidinonium, for example, all exhibit strong biocidal activity [18]. Hydrogels form from polymerized methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids with acryloyl groups; the polymer self-assembles into organized lamellae with unique swelling properties, leading to bioactive applications [19]. Other bioactive applications for imidazolium salts include antiarrhythmics [21], anti-metastic agents [22,23], and imidazolium-based steroids [24]. Separation applications include efficient absorption of CO2 [25]. Imidazolium salts enhance vesicle formation as imidazolium surfactants [26], and they also find application in polymeric actuators [27].
doc_bio_tags: O O O O O O B I O B O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O B I O O B I O O B O O O B I O O O O O B I I I B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O B I O B O O B I O O O O O O B I O O B I O B I O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O B I O
extractive_keyphrases: acryloyl groups alkylation antiarrhythmics antimicrobial action aqueous solutions atom transfer radical polymerization atrp bioactive applications biocidal activity bromides carbohydrates co2 electrostatic aggregation gold surfaces hydrogels form hydrogen bonding imidazolium salts imidazolium surfactants liquid crystals metal ions metal nanoparticles organized lamellae polyelectrolyte brushes polymer polymeric actuators separation applications vesicle formation
abstractive_keyphrases: 1-alkyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolium chlorides 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides anti-metastic agents efficient absorption of co2 imidazolium-based steroids imidazolium salt n-alkyl-n-hydroxyethylpyrrolidinonium poly(1-ethyl 3-(2-methacryloyloxy ethyl) imidazolium chloride polymerized methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids