It has recently been demonstrated [15] (see also [13] and references therein) that for a self-dual background the two-loop QED effective action takes a remarkably simple form that is very similar to the one-loop action in the same background. There are expectations that this similarity persists at higher loops, and therefore there should be some remarkable structure encoded in the all-loop effective action for gauge theories. In the supersymmetric case, one has to replace the requirement of self-duality by that of relaxed super self-duality [16] in order to arrive at conclusions similar to those given in [15]. Further progress in this direction may be achieved through the analysis of N=2 covariant supergraphs. Finally, we believe that the results of this Letter may be helpful in the context of the conjectured correspondence [17–19] between the D3-brane action in AdS5×S5 and the low-energy action for N=4 SU(N) SYM on its Coulomb branch, with the gauge group SU(N) spontaneously broken to SU(N−1)×U(1). There have appeared two independent F6 tests of this conjecture [19,20], with conflicting conclusions. The approach advocated here provides the opportunity for a further test.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

all-loop effective action
analysis of n=2 covariant supergraphs
d3-brane action
one-loop action
su(n)
su(n−1)×u(1)
su(n) sym
two-loop qed
two-loop qed effective action

ads5×s5
coulomb branch
covariant supergraphs
f6 tests of this conjecture
gauge group
higher loops


Myocardial electrical propagation can be simulated using the monodomain or bidomain PDEs [5,6]. Due to its capacity to represent complex geometries with ease, approximations are often obtained using the finite element method (FEM) to discretise the PDEs in space on realistic cardiac geometry meshes; this results in very large (up to forty-million degrees of freedom (DOF) for human heart geometries) systems of linear equations which must be solved many thousands of times over the course of even a short simulation. Thus, they are extremely computationally demanding, presenting taxing problems even to high-end supercomputing resources. This computational demand means that effort has been invested in developing efficient solution techniques, including work on preconditioning, parallelisation and adaptivity in space and time [7–12]. In this study, we investigate the potential of reducing the number of DOF by using a high-order polynomial FEM [13–15] to approximate the monodomain PDE in space, with the goal of significantly improving simulation efficiency over the piecewise-linear FEM approach commonly used in the field [16–19]. For schemes where the polynomial degree p of the elements is adjusted according to the error in the approximation, this is known as the finite element p-version. In the work presented here, we work with schemes which keep p fixed.

B I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B B O B I I I I O O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

finite element p-version
high-end supercomputing resources
high-order polynomial fem
human heart geometries
piecewise-linear fem
simulation efficiency

investigate the potential of reducing the number of dof


Inequality (22) indicates that the maximum-norm is the loosest among all p-norms. Fortunately, this loosest constraint would not seriously affect the accuracy since the value of ||y||∞ is comparable to that of the 2-norm and 1-norm. The maximum-norm provides us with the largest number of possible solutions under a given error limitation [24]. This would greatly enhance the possibility of finding a group of optimized coefficients when scanning a vast solution set. On the other hand, checking the maximum deviation sounds more reasonable than checking the “distance” between the accurate and approximated wave numbers since it is not working in the space domain. Therefore, we chose the maximum-norm as our criterion for designing the objective functions to extend the accurate wave number coverage as widely as possible.

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I I I I O O O O


The Substrate Induced Coagulation (SIC) coating process provides a self assembled and almost binder free coating with small particles. Most research so far has been used to coat a variety of surfaces with highly conductive carbon blacks [34,35,36]. Layers deposited by this technique have been used in electromagnetic wave shielding, in the metallization process of through-holes in printed wiring boards, and in the manufacture of conducting polymers (such as Teflon) [37,38,39]. An advantage of this dip-coating process is that it can be used for any kind of surface, provided the substrate is stable in water and that the particles used for the coating form a meta-stable dispersion. Recently, a non-aqueous SIC coating process of carbon black was developed by investigating the stabilities of non-aqueous dispersions [36]. These dispersions were used to prepare LiCoO2-composite electrodes for Li-ion batteries with an improved conductivity while keeping the content of active battery material high [35].

O B I I B B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

dip-coating
licoo2-composite electrodes
li-ion batteries
meta-stable dispersion
sic coating

carbon black
carbon blacks
coating
conducting polymers
electromagnetic wave shielding
metallization
printed wiring boards
sic
substrate induced coagulation
teflon


In

the

bag

model

and

in

linear

or

harmonic

oscillator

confining

potentials,

the

first

excited

S-state

lies

above

the

lowest

P-state,

making

the

predicted

Roper

mass

heavier

than

the

lightest

negative

parity

baryon

mass.

Pairwise

spin-dependent

interactions

must

reverse

the

level

ordering.

As

mentioned

earlier,

color-spin

interactions

fail

in

this

regard

while

flavor-spin

interactions

produce

the

desired

effect.

Since

the

color

wave

function

is

antisymmetric,

the

flavor-spin-orbital

wave

function

is

totally

symmetric.

For

all

quarks

in

an

S-state,

the

flavor-spin

wave

function

is

totally

symmetric

all

by

itself

and

leads

to

the

most

attractive

flavor-spin

interaction.

If

one

quark

is

in

a

P-state,

the

orbital

wave

function

is

mixed

symmetry

and

so

is

the

flavor-spin

wave

function,

and

the

flavor-spin

interaction

is

a

less

attractive.

In

the

symmetric

case,

Eq.

one

obtains

mass

splittings

(2)ΔMχ=−14Cχ,N(939),N∗(1440),−4Cχ,Δ(1232),−2Cχ,N∗(1535).

Here

we

have

approximated

the

as

a

state

with

total

quark

O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O

color-spin interactions
flavor-spin interaction
flavor-spin interactions
flavor-spin-orbital wave function
flavor-spin wave function
pairwise spin-dependent interactions
quark spin

bag model
level ordering
mass splittings
orbital wave function
oscillator confining potentials
q3 color wave function
quark
quarks


The first-principles calculations are performed using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) [21] which implements the plane-wave pseudopotential DFT method. The exchange correlation functional is approximated using the generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) [22], and the electron–ion interactions are described by Vanderbilt-type ultrasoft pseudopotentials [23]. The plane wave basis set is truncated at a cutoff of 400eV, and the Brillouin-zone sampling was performed using the Monkhorst-Pack scheme with a k-point spacing in reciprocal space of 0.04Å−1. Tests show that these computational parameters give results that are sufficiently accurate for present purposes. The ferromagnetism of nickel is accounted for by performing all calculations using spin polarization, starting at a ferromagnetic initial configuration and relaxing towards its ground state. However, for all compositions considered, the ground state electronic structure of each alloy is found to exhibit only very weak ferromagnetism, and the effect is not thought to influence their phase stability. Table 1 shows the calculated equilibrium lattice constants of the η phase at various Ti concentrations, using partially ordered ηP structures. The change in lattice constant upon Ti alloying is relatively small, but can be related to the ∼10% larger covalent radius of Ti. The calculated lattice constants are in good agreement with the experimental values, which relate to an alloy with a Al/Ti ratio of ∼2.75.

O O O O O O O B I I I I B O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O

alloy
cambridge serial total energy package
castep
electron–ion interactions
exchange correlation functional
ferromagnetism
generalized gradient approximation
nickel
plane wave
spin polarization
ti
ηp structures


DPD was first proposed in order to recover the properties of isotropy (and Galilean invariance) that were broken in the so-called lattice-gas automata method [5]. In DPD, each body is regarded as a coarse-grained particle. These particles interact in a soft (and short-ranged) potential, allowing larger integration timesteps than would be possible in MD, while simultaneously decreasing the number of degrees of freedom required. As in Langevin dynamics, a thermostat consisting of well-balanced damping and stochastic terms is applied to each particle. However, unlike in Langevin dynamics, both terms are pairwise and the damping term is based on relative velocities, leading to the conservation of both the angular momentum and the linear momentum. The property of Galilean invariance (i.e., the dependence on the relative velocity) makes DPD a profile-unbiased thermostat (PUT) [6,7] by construction and thus it is an ideal thermostat for nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) [8]. The momentum is expected to propagate locally (while global momentum is conserved) and thus the correct hydrodynamics is expected in DPD [8], as demonstrated previously in [9]. Due to the aforementioned properties, DPD has been widely used to recover thermodynamic, dynamical, and rheological properties of complex fluids, with applications in polymer solutions [10], colloidal suspensions [11], multiphase flows [12], and biological systems [13]. DPD has been compared with Langevin dynamics for out-of-equilibrium simulations of polymeric systems in [14], where as expected the correct dynamic fluctuations of the polymers were obtained with the former but not with the latter.

B O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O B I O O B I I I I O B O O B B O O O O O O O O O B O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O B I O B I O O B I O B O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O

nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (nemd)

angular momentum
biological systems
colloidal suspensions
complex fluids
dependence on the relative velocity
dpd
dynamic fluctuations
galilean invariance
isotropy
langevin dynamics
linear momentum
md
multiphase flows
nemd
nonequilibrium molecular dynamics
particles
polymeric systems
polymers
polymer solutions
put
thermostat


Typical physically-based 2D flood models solve the Shallow Water Equations (SWEs), requiring high computational resources. Many of these models have been developed to obtain better performance, while maintaining the required accuracy, by reducing the complexity of the SWEs. This reduction is usually achieved by approximating or neglecting less significant terms of the equations (Hunter et al., 2007; Yen and Tsai, 2001). The JFLOW model (Bradbrook et al., 2004), Urban Inundation Model (UIM) (Chen et al., 2007), and the diffusive version of LISFLOOD-FP (Hunter et al., 2005) solve the 2D diffusion wave equations that neglect the inertial (local acceleration) and advection (convective acceleration) terms (Yen and Tsai, 2001). The inertial version of LISFLOOD-FP (Bates et al., 2010) solves the SWEs without the advection term. In either version of LISFLOOD-FP the flow is decoupled in the Cartesian directions. Other models use the full SWEs but focus on the use of multi resolution grids or irregular mesh, like InfoWorks ICM (Innovyze, 2012) and MIKE FLOOD (DHI Software, 2014; Hénonin et al., 2013). These last two models are commercial packages, and the code applied in the optimisation techniques is not in the public domain.

O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I I I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

solve the shallow water equations (swes)


The most widely used ion source in FIB instruments is a gallium (Ga) liquid metal ion source (LMIS) [1]. Gallium is attractive as an ion source because of its low melting temperature (29.8°C at standard atmospheric pressure [4]) and its low volatility [1]. However, some materials show sensitivity to the Ga ion beam. This sensitivity is manifested as changes in the structure and chemical composition of the starting material upon exposure to the Ga ion beam [5]. Group III–V compound semiconductors are one class of materials that show such sensitivity. Cryo-FIB milling has recently been reported to suppress the reactions between the Ga ion beam and III–V materials [6]. The suggested advantage of cryo-FIB milling over room temperature milling of Group III–V materials is appealing, given the variety of present and potential future applications for these materials (e.g., as electronic or photonic devices given the favorable electron transport and direct band gap properties associated with several III–V semiconductor systems).

O O O O O O O B I O O B B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O

cryo-fib milling
electronic or photonic device
ga ion beam

fib instruments
ga
gallium
group iii–v materials
iii–v materials
semiconductor
semiconductors


According

to

the

ellipsometric

spectra,

optical

constants

and

other

physical

parameters

can

be

extracted

by

an

appropriate

fitting

model.

In

order

to

estimate

the

optical

constants/dielectric

functions

of

Ni-doped

films,

a

three-phase

layered

system

(air/film/substrate)

was

utilized

to

study

the

ellipsometric

spectra.

belongs

to

the

wide

band

gap

semiconductors.

Considering

the

contribution

of

the

type

critical

point

with

the

lowest

three

dimensions,

its

dielectric

function

can

be

calculated

by

Adachi's

model

ε(Ε)=ε∞+{A0[2−(1+χ0)1/2−(1−χ0)1/2]}/(EOBG2/3χ02).

In

the

model,

E

is

the

incident

photon

energy,

ε∞

is

the

high-frequency

dielectric

constant,

EOBG

is

the

optical

gap

energy,

and

and

Γ

are

the

strength

and

broadening

parameters

of

the

EOBG

transition,

respectively.

As

an

example,

the

experimental

SE

of

the

film

at

an

incident

angle

by

dot

scatter

is

shown

in

Fig.

The

Fabry–Pérot

interference

oscillations

due

to

multiple

reflections

within

the

film

have

been

found

in

the

photon

energy

from

to

which

indicates

that

the

films

are

transparent

in

this

region.

Note

that

a

good

agreement

of

the

experimental

and

calculated

spectra

is

attained

in

the

whole

measured

photon

energy

range.

The

fitting

thickness

for

film

is

which

is

very

near

to

the

value

obtained

by

SEM

(see

Fig.

O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I I B O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I O O B I I I O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O

a0 and γ
e
ellipsometric spectra
eobg
fabry–pérot interference
incident photon energy
optical constants
se
sem
semiconductors
strength and broadening parameters
ε∞


Although mean-field models have been used in all these settings, little analysis has been done on their behaviour as spatially extended dynamical systems. In part, this is due to their staggering complexity. The Liley model [15] considered here, for instance, consists of fourteen coupled Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) with strong nonlinearities, imposed by coupling between the mean membrane potentials and the mean synaptic inputs. The model can be reduced to a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by considering only spatially homogeneous solutions, and the resulting system has been examined in detail using numerical bifurcation analysis (see [16] and references therein). In order to compute equilibria, periodic orbits and such objects for the PDE model, we need a flexible, stable simulation code for the model and its linearization that can run in parallel to scale up to a domain size of about 2500cm2, the size of a full-grown human cortex. We also need efficient, iterative solvers for linear problems with large, sparse matrices. In this paper, we will show that all this can be accomplished in the open-source software package PETSc [17]. Our implementation consists of a number of functions in C that are available publicly [18].

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

liley model
membrane potentials
numerical bifurcation analysis
odes
ordinary differential equations
partial differential equations
pde model
pdes
petsc
spatially extended dynamical systems
synaptic inputs


One major goal of current nuclear physics is the observation of at least partial restoration of chiral symmetry. Since the chiral order parameter 〈q̄q〉 is expected to decrease by about 30% already at normal nuclear matter density [1–4], any in-medium change due to the dropping quark condensate should in principle be observable in photonuclear reactions. The conjecture that such a partial restoration of chiral symmetry causes a softening and narrowing of the σ meson as the chiral partner of the pion in the nuclear medium [5,6] has led to the idea of measuring the π0π0 invariant mass distribution near the 2π threshold in photon induced reactions on nuclei [7]. In contrast to its questionable nature as a proper quasiparticle in vacuum, the σ meson might develop a much narrower peak at finite baryon density due to phase-space suppression for the σ→ππ decay, hence making it possible to explore its properties when embedded in a nuclear many-body system [8–11]. Measuring a threshold enhancement of the π0π0 invariant mass spectrum might serve as a signal for the partial restoration of chiral symmetry inside nuclei and, therefore, give information about one of the most fundamental features of QCD.

O O O O O B I O O B I I I I I I I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O B O O B I O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B I I I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B

nuclear many-body system
photon induced reactions
q̄q

measuring a threshold enhancement of the π0π0 invariant mass spectrum


It is known that as the temperature of the sample rises, the Lorentz mechanism remains dominant until Tc of steel is reached (770°C for a low carbon steel), when the magnetostrictive mechanism becomes more efficient [15]. Previously this has been thought due to a thin ferromagnetic oxide layer on the sample surface, the surface being cooler than the bulk of the material [16,17]. This layer concentrates the magnetic field, increasing generation efficiency. Recent studies also show that rearrangement of the magnetic moments from ordered domains to a disordered state at a magnetic phase transition lowers the magnetostrictive constant. This ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition is accompanied by large changes in the efficiency of electromagnetic ultrasound generation leading to the use of EMATs as a method of studying phase transitions in magnetic alloys [18].

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B O O O O B I I O B I O


This paper has highlighted a band of frequencies, outside the conventional operation range, and close to electrical resonance of an eddy current probe, where the magnitude of impedance SNR reaches a peak. The SNR of scans of three slots of varying depth were enhanced by a factor of up to 3.7, from the SNR measured at 1MHz. This is a result of a defect-decoupling resonance-shift effect and is referred to as the near electrical resonance signal enhancement (NERSE) phenomenon. NERSE frequency operation has significant potential for ECT inspection, and opens up a range of investigative possibilities. Within this investigation, only the magnitude of the electrical impedance has been analyzed. An immediate extension of this investigation will be to consider phase information, and determine whether a similar exploitable NERSE effect exists.

O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I B O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O


Some methods use 1D radial profiles obtained from circular averaging of 2D experimental PSD [4,8,11] or by elliptical averaging [17]. An inadequacy of circular averaging is that it neglects astigmatism. Astigmatism distorts the circular shape of the Thon rings and thus decreases their modulation depth in the obtained 1D profile. A few algorithms that consider astigmatism involve concepts such as dividing the PSD into sectors where Thon rings are approximated by circular arcs [15,21], applying Canny edge detection to find the rings [17] prior to elliptical averaging, determining the relationship between the 1D circular averages with and without astigmatism [22], or using a brute-force scan of a database containing precalculated patterns as in ATLAS [23]. Some other approaches for estimating CTF parameters do a fully 2D PSD optimization [12,14,18,20] but they usually regulate and fit numerous parameters by an extensive search that does not guarantee convergence. Furthermore, only a few schemes that were developed for defocus estimation provide an error analysis [23,24].

O O O B I I O O B I O B I I O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O B B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

1d profile
1d radial profiles
2d experimental psd
2d psd optimization
astigmatism
atlas
canny edge detection
circular averaging
ctf
elliptical averaging
psd
thon rings


A sentence alignment model based on combined clues and Kernel Extensional Matrix Matching (KEMM) method is proposed. In this model, a similarity matrix for sentence aligning is formed by the similarities of bilingual sentences calculated by the combined clues, such as lexicon, morphology, length and special symbols, etc.; then this similarity matrix is used to construct a select matrix for sentence aligning; finally, obtains the sentence alignments by KEMM. Experimental results illustrated that our model outperforms over the Gale's system on handling any types of sentence alignments, with 30% total sentence alignment error rate decreasing.A sentence alignment model based on combined clues and Kernel Extensional Matrix Matching (KEMM) method is proposed. In this model, a similarity matrix for sentence aligning is formed by the similarities of bilingual sentences calculated by the combined clues, such as lexicon, morphology, length and special symbols, etc.; then this similarity matrix is used to construct a select matrix for sentence aligning; finally, obtains the sentence alignments by KEMM. Experimental results illustrated that our model outperforms over the Gale's system on handling any types of sentence alignments, with 30% total sentence alignment error rate decreasing.

O B I O O O O O O B I I I B O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I B O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O

construct a select matrix
kemm
kernel extensional matrix matching
sentence aligning
sentence alignment
similarity matrix


The main objective of this manuscript is to present and discuss the application of SLAMM to the New York coast. Although the base analysis considers a range of different possible SLR scenarios, the effects of various sources of uncertainties such as input parameters and driving data are not accounted for. In addition, refined and site-specific data are often not available requiring the use of regional data collected from literature and professional judgement in order to run the model. To ignore the effects of these uncertainties on predictions may make interpretation of the results and subsequent decision making misleading since the likelihood and probabilities of predicted outcomes would be unknown. A unique capability of the current version of SLAMM is the ability to aggregate multiple types of input-data uncertainty to create outputs accompanied by probability statements and confidence intervals. Uncertainty in elevation data layers have been considered by several modeling groups to various extents (Gesch, 2009; Gilmer and Ferdaña, 2012; Schmid et al., 2014). However, to the best of our knowledge, no other marsh migration model simultaneously accounts for the combined effects of uncertainty in spatial inputs (DEM, VDATUM, etc.) and parameter choices (accretion rates, tide ranges, etc.) on landcover projections. This added feature of SLAMM allows results to be evaluated in terms of their likelihood of occurrence with respect to input-data and parameter uncertainties. Further, by assigning wide ranges of uncertainty when appropriate, it permits the production of meaningful projections in areas where high-quality local data are not available.

O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I B B O O B I B I B I O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

present and discuss the application of slamm to the new york coast


When we formulate the downscaling problem as a multi-objective optimization problem, we face, however, the following problems. Minimizing the sum of different objectives is problematic, since they may have different units and ranges. Even with an appropriate scaling procedure there is a risk of treating the objectives unequally or getting trapped in a local minimum. Firstly, we can never know, what is the minimum value of each objective that can be achieved by the regression. Thus, designing an appropriate scaling procedure is difficult and one would need to decide on the relative importance of the different objectives in advance. Secondly, adding multiple, conflicting objectives very likely results in a fitness function with multiple local minima, which makes optimization more difficult. To avoid these problems, we have implemented fitness calculation according to the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) by Zitzler and Thiele (1999), instead of using a single (weighted) fitness or cost function. Approaches for multi-objective optimization like SPEA are widely used in evolutionary computation. In SPEA the fitness calculation during the fitting procedure is based on an intercomparison of the different models. Further, a finite set of so called Pareto optimal models (downscaling rules) is returned.

O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O B I O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I B I O O

downscaling rules
evolutionary computation
fitness calculation
optimization
pareto optimal models
regression
scaling procedure
spea
strength pareto evolutionary algorithm


Shear horizontal (SH) ultrasound waves are guided waves (they have propagation properties affected by the geometry of the propagation medium), with symmetric and anti-symmetric modes; phase and group speeds are dependent on frequency, sample thickness, and the bulk shear wave speed [11,12]. The properties of the different modes can be very useful, such as in thickness measurement [13], but in this case they are a complication. SH0 has a thickness independent speed, equal to the shear wave speed, and is non-dispersive (the phase and group speed are equal to the shear wave speed for all frequencies). The oscillation direction of SH ultrasound is in the plane of the surface where the wave was generated, and perpendicular to the propagation direction, as shown in Fig. 1, with respect to a reference interface, which is typically a sample surface. Under certain conditions, such as over short propagation distances, SH waves can be treated as bulk waves.

O O B I O O B I O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I I O O O O B I I O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O B I

bulk shear wave speed
bulk waves
guided waves
oscillation
phase and group speed
propagation
sh0
shear wave speed
sh ultrasound
sh waves
wave


Since perturbative expansion is used, it is impossible to find the exact bounds; instead, one can derive tree-level unitarity bounds or loop-improved unitarity bounds. In this study, we will use unitarity bounds coming from a tree-level analysis [20]. This tree level analysis is derived with the help of the equivalence theorem [21], which itself is a high-energy approximation where it is assumed that the energy scale is much larger than the Z0 and W± gauge-boson masses. We will consider here this “high-energy” hypothesis that both the equivalence theorem and the decoupling regime are well settled, but in such a way that the unitarity constraint is also fulfilled. Our purpose is to investigate the quantum effects in the decays of the light CP-even Higgs boson h0, especially looking for sizeable differences with respect to the SM in the decoupling regime.

O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O B O O B I

investigate the quantum effects in the decays of the light cp-even higgs boson h0

looking for sizeable differences with respect to the sm in the decoupling regime

decoupling regime
equivalence theorem
exact bounds
h0
higgs boson
perturbative expansion
quantum effects
sm
tree level analysis
unitarity bounds
unitarity constraint


Fig.

shows

the

wear-mode

map

of

RH

ceramics,

in

which

the

early-stage

friction

coefficients

and

the

surface

roughness

of

the

pure

surface

were

chosen.

The

value

of

the

fracture

toughness

of

RH

ceramics

was

calculated

based

on

the

reference

data

in

other

literature

The

Sc

of

RH

ceramics

was

smaller

than

Sc,critical

under

all

tested

conditions

during

the

initial

stage

of

friction.

Thus,

the

initial

wear

mode

of

RH

ceramics

was

powder

formation

or

plowing.

In

addition,

powder

formation

and

plowing

can

be

distinguished

using

a

dimensionless

parameter

(Sc⁎)

and

a

critical

parameter

(Sc,critical⁎).(3)Sc⁎=HvRmaxKIc(4)Sc,critical⁎=51+10μwhere

Hv

is

the

Vickers

hardness

of

RH

ceramics

[Pa].

The

initial

wear

mode

of

RH

ceramics

was

determined

as

powder

formation

under

all

tested

conditions,

as

demonstrated

in

Fig.

Furthermore,

the

wear-mode

map

at

cycles

was

constructed,

as

shown

in

Fig.

In

the

map,

all

plots

moved

near

the

transition

curve

to

plowing.

In

particular,

the

plots

for

RH

ceramics

sliding

against

stainless

steel

or

balls

were

nearer

than

SiC

or

balls.

Therefore,

RH

ceramics

sliding

against

SiC

and

balls

showed

relatively

higher

wear

than

the

other

counterpart

materials.

Nevertheless,

these

results

from

the

wear-mode

maps

indicated

that

the

wear

mode

of

RH

ceramics

was

powder

formation

accompanied

with

microcracks

under

all

tested

conditions

in

this

study,

resulting

in

low

wear

Indeed,

the

observation

of

the

worn

surfaces

revealed

that

the

catastrophic

wear

of

RH

ceramics

accompanied

by

large

brittle

fracture

was

prevented

overall,

as

shown

in

Fig.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O B I O B O O O O O B I B O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O B I I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

sc,critical⁎
sc⁎=hvrmaxkic(4)sc,critical⁎=51+10μ
wear-mode map
wear-mode maps

al2o3 balls
critical parameter
dimensionless parameter
plowing
powder formation
sc⁎
sic and si3n4 balls
sic or si3n4 balls
stainless steel
vickers hardness


Ultrasound (US) can initiate the release of drugs from liposomes via an event called inertial cavitation, whereby the rarefactional phase of an ultrasound wave causes the expansion of a gas bubble followed by a violent collapse due to the inertia of the surrounding media. This collapse creates shock waves which can disrupt the stability of co-localised liposomal drug carriers. To date, studies have concentrated on the use of low frequency or high intensity US to generate gas bubbles in situ, and most recently such parameters have been used to achieve a variable level of triggered drug release following an intratumoral injection of liposomes [14]. However, concerns persist over the damage to non-target tissue that such US exposure parameters may cause and whether ultimately they will be widely clinically applicable. An alternative strategy is to utilise high-frequency US pulses at pressures in the diagnostic range in the presence of pre-existing gas bubbles. This provides an inertial cavitation stimulus for drug release using safe, clinically achievable US exposure conditions and approved US contrast agents [15]. Indeed, in the context of improving the delivery of therapeutics such as oncolytic viruses, this approach has already shown great promise [16]. A further advantage of this approach is that US-induced cavitation events produce distinct acoustic emissions that can be recorded and characterised providing non-invasive feedback, a feature which has proven useful in ablative US applications [17–19].

B B O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O

us contrast agents
us-induced cavitation

gas bubble
gas bubbles
inertial cavitation
intratumoral injection
liposomes
oncolytic viruses
ultrasound
us


A few studies within the physiological domain are of special relevance to this work. These include a performance analysis of a blood-flow LB solver using a range of sparse and non-sparse geometries [21] and a performance prediction model for lattice-Boltzmann solvers [22,23]. This performance prediction model can be applied largely to our HemeLB application, although HemeLB uses a different decomposition technique and performs real-time rendering and visualisation tasks during the LB simulations. Mazzeo and Coveney [1] studied the scalability of an earlier version of HemeLB. However, the current performance characteristics of HemeLB are substantially enhanced due to numerous subsequent advances in the code, amongst others: an improved hierarchical, compressed file format; the use of ParMETIS to ensure good load-balance; the coalesced communication patterns to reduce the overhead of rendering; use of compile-time polymorphism to avoid virtual function calls in inner loops.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O

blood-flow lb solver
compile-time polymorphism
hemelb application
lattice-boltzmann solvers

coalesced communication patterns
hemelb
lb simulations
parmetis
performance prediction model
rendering


The product change between batches #1/#2 and the others is the most influential on the test results. The redesign and upgrade to 110-nm process technology reduces the pass rate at LNT by approximately half. This is mainly caused by the increased incidence of erase and program timeouts with some contribution from long erase and program times and bit errors. The difference in pass rates at 88K between batches #3/#4 and #5/#6, which use the same process technology with the same dimensions, can be explained by the fabrication in different assembly lines, where other processes or base materials may have been changed. This means different tolerances in base materials and production process, which are more pronounced the lower the temperature. Some of the differences of technology scale may reflect shifts in transistor parameters such as transconductance/gain, threshold voltage, and threshold slope [7].

O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O B I O

110-nm process technology
#5/#6
batches #1/#2
batches #3/#4
transconductance/gain

assembly lines
bit errors
erase and program timeouts
lnt
long erase
pass rates
process technology
product change
program times
threshold slope
threshold voltage
tolerances
transistor parameters


An early attempt to combine sets and networks in a single visualization relied on first drawing an Euler diagram then placing a graph inside it [30], however the sets were often visualized with convoluted, difficult to follow curves. In addition, only limited kinds of set data could be shown as the system was limited to well-formed Euler diagrams. Compound graphs can be used to represent restricted kinds of grouped network data [8]. Graph clusters are visualized with transparent hulls by Santamaria and Theron [39]. However, the technique removes edges from the graph and it is not sufficiently sophisticated for arbitrary overlapping sets. Itoh et al. [24] proposed to overlay pie-like glyphs over the nodes in a graph to encode multiple categories. Each set is hence represented using disconnected regions that are linked by having the same colour. This causes difficulties with tasks that involve finding relations between sets such as T1, T3 and T4 in Section 5.3. A related class of techniques visualize grouping information over graphs using convex hulls, such as Vizster [22]. However, they do not support visualizing set overlaps.

O O O O B I I I I I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O


In this paper, we present our experimental observations on how solvents can vary the TPA and TPF properties of fluorescent rhodamine (Rh) dyes Rh6G, RhB and Rh101. Rhodamines are well-known xanthenes dyes, which have been extensively used for many widespread applications in single-molecule detection [24], DNA-sequence determination [25], fluorescence labelling [26], etc. due to their strong fluorescence over the visible spectral region. Molecular geometries of rhodamine dyes are well-known [27,28] and indicate that all the structures are non-centrosymmetric. In general, for centrosymmetric molecules, TPA is forbidden when tuned to the transitions at one-half of the excitation frequencies. However, for non-centrosymmetric molecules due to symmetry relaxations, the single-photon absorption (SPA) peaks and TPA peaks may coincide. So we set our primary aim to find the effect of solvent polarity on the correlation of SPA and TPA peaks for all the dyes.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O B I B B B B O B B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O B

experimental observations on how solvents can vary the tpa and tpf properties of fluorescent rhodamine (rh) dyes

centrosymmetric molecules
dyes
fluorescence
fluorescent rhodamine
rh
rh101
rh6g
rhb
rhodamines
spa
symmetry relaxations
tpa
tpf


A principle of high-throughput materials science is that one does not know a priori where the value of the data lies for any specific application. Trends and insights are deduced a posteriori. This requires efficient interfaces to interrogate available data on various levels. We have developed a simple WEB-based API to greatly improve the accessibility and utility of the AFLOWLIB database [14] to the scientific community. Through it, the client can access calculated physical properties (thermodynamic, crystallographic, or mechanical properties), as well as simulation provenance and runtime properties of the included systems. The data may be used directly (e.g., to browse a class of materials with a desired property) or integrated into higher level work-flows. The interface also allows for the sharing of updates of data used in previous published works, e.g., previously calculated alloy phase diagrams [19–31], thus the database can be expanded systematically.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O

improve the accessibility and utility of the aflowlib database


Superconductivity in actinides was first observed in thorium metal in 1929 [7], then in elemental uranium in 1942 [8], and in uranium compounds in 1958 [9]. A new class of uranium superconductors emerged in the 1980's with the discovery of uranium heavy fermion superconductors [10]. Further surprises came at the beginning of the century with the discovery of ferromagnetic superconductors in uranium systems [11] and the first observation of superconductivity in plutonium [12] and neptunium [13] compounds. The actinides (or actinoids) are located at the end of the periodic table (N=89 (Ac) or 90 (Th) to 103 (Lr)). Transuranium elements (or transuranics) are the chemical elements with atomic number (Z) greater than 92 (uranium) and due to their short half-life on a geological timescale, they are essentially synthetic elements. Above Z=103 (Lr), one talks about transactinides (or superactinides) elements. These latter elements have extremely short half-lives and no macroscopic quantity is available for the study of condensed-matter properties.

B O B O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O B O B O O O O O O O B I O B O O B O O B B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

study of condensed-matter properties
superconductivity in actinides
uranium compounds
uranium heavy fermion superconductors
uranium superconductors

ac
actinides
actinoids
ferromagnetic superconductors
lr
neptunium
periodic table
plutonium
superactinides
superconductivity
synthetic elements
th
thorium metal
transactinides
transuranics
transuranium elements
uranium


We order the discrete unknowns so that the vector of unknowns, xPS=[X,L], contains the nx unknown nodal coordinates, followed by the nb unknown discrete Lagrange multipliers. The linear systems to be solved in the course of the Newton-based solution of Eq. (10), subject to the displacement constraint (9), then have saddle-point structure,(15)where E is the tangent stiffness matrix of the unconstrained pseudo-solid problem, and the two off-diagonal blocks Cxl and Clx=CxlT arise through the imposition of the displacement constraint by the Lagrange multipliers. We refer to [34] for the proof of the LBB stability of this discretisation; see also [35,36] for a discussion of the LBB stability of the Lagrange-multiplier-based imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions in related problems. We note that during the first step of the Newton iteration, E is symmetric positive definite since it represents the tangent stiffness matrix relative to the system’s equilibrium configuration.

O B I I I O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I

clx=cxlt
lagrange-multiplier-based imposition
newton-based solution
saddle-point structure
two off-diagonal blocks
unconstrained pseudo-solid problem
xps=[x,l]

cxl
dirichlet boundary conditions
discretisation
displacement constraint
equilibrium configuration
lagrange multipliers
lbb
newton iteration
nodal coordinates
order the discrete unknowns
tangent stiffness matrix
vector of unknowns


SPS has been utilized in several studies to retain the nanostructure of aluminum alloy powders during consolidation. Ye et al. investigated the effect of processing of cryomilled Al 5083 powder via SPS [13]. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) grain size calculations before and after SPS showed that the average grain size of the alloy only increased from 25nm to 50nm (from powder to bulk state). Subsequently, the hardness values obtained through nanoindentation for specimens of AA5083 produced via SPS were highly improved in comparison to conventional sintering methods were grain coarsening takes place on a larger scale. In another study the combination of cryomilling and SPS of AA-5356/B4C nanocomposites powder was found to largely improve the microhardness and flexural strengths of the bulk nanocomposite. Rana et al. [14] investigated the effect of SPS on mechanically milled AA6061 (Al–Mg–Si) micro-alloy powder. The average grain size after 20h of milling was ∼35nm and increased to only ∼85nm after processing with SPS at 500°C. Microhardness and compressive tests were carried out on the consolidated near full density specimens of both unmilled and milled powders and the results showed significant increase in both hardness and compressive strengths for the milled nanocrystalline powders as a result of the very fine grain size.

B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O

combination of cryomilling and sps of aa-5356/b4c nanocomposites powder

investigated the effect of processing of cryomilled al 5083 powder

investigated the effect of sps on mechanically milled aa6061 (al–mg–si) micro-alloy powder

x-ray diffraction (xrd) grain size calculations

aa5083
alloy
al–mg–si
bulk nanocomposite
consolidation
cryomilled al 5083 powder
cryomilling
mechanically milled aa6061
milled nanocrystalline powders
nanoindentation
sps
unmilled and milled powders
xrd


As future work on the protocol, we would promote two items. Firstly, the two mobility models that we have considered in this work propose possible way to capture social context in the way nodes move in the physical space, yet still potentially allowing nodes to explore the geographical regions considered in its entirety. Further insights to the performance potential could be given through the assessment of the protocol with other mobilities that can extend the physical region of movement as well as impose potential restrictions on the nodes mobility, for example by forcing similar nodes to move within specifically defined areas. Secondly, the different forwarding modes introduced in Section 3.3 express different levels of cooperation across the network. The push-community mode, for example, is a form of interest-community selfishness and assumes reciprocation in the nodes’ behaviour. The vulnerability (resp. resilience) of the protocol to different instances of node misbehaviours is a research item worth exploring.

O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I I I I O O O B I I O O B O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O


Prior to assembling the miniature ADR, the mKCC MR heat switch could not be fully thermally characterised due to cryostat constraints. However, based on experiments and research conducted at MSSL on a range of tungsten heat switches, the thermal conductivity has been estimated. In Hills et al. [8], an equation is derived which allows the thermal conductivity (κ) below 6K to be calculated as a function of magnetic field (B) and temperature (T) (see Eq. (1)). To estimate the performance of the mKCC heat switch, the parameters in Eq. (1) have been taken from the measured thermal conductivity of another MSSL heat switch with the same 1.5mm square cross section, a free path length of 43cm and a RRR of 20,000; it has been observed from experiments conducted at MSSL that there is little change in the thermal performance for tungsten heat switches with a RRR between 20,000 and 32,000 (subject of a future publication) and therefore the performance of the 20,000 RRR heat switch has been assumed to be a good approximation. Fig. 5 gives the calculated thermal conductivity of the mKCC switch at 0, 1, 2 and 3T based on Eq. (1), where the constants b0, a1, a2, a3, a4 and n have the values 0.0328, 1.19×10−4, 3.57×10−6, 1.36, 0.000968 and 1.7 respectively. It should be noted that the calculated thermal conductivity of the mKCC switch presented in Fig. 5 has been validated by comparing the experimental results of the miniature ADR with modelled predictions (this is discussed in Section 3.3).(1)κ(T)=b0T2+1a1+a2T2T+Bna3T+a4T4

O O B I I I O B I I I O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

assembling the miniature adr
b
cryostat constraints
magnetic field
miniature adr
mkcc heat switch
mkcc mr heat switch
mkcc switch
mssl heat switch
thermal conductivity
thermally characterised
thermal performance
tungsten heat switches
κ


In representing wetland-river interactions involving GIWs, many models assume that the wetland can discharge into a river but cannot receive overbank flows from it. In such models, the volume of water (or water level elevation) in a wetland and its corresponding threshold value (predominantly controlled by outlet elevation) are the prime determinants of wetland outflow (Feng et al., 2012; Hammer and Kadlec, 1986; Johnson et al., 2010; Kadlec and Wallace, 2009; Powell et al., 2008; Voldseth et al., 2007; Wen et al., 2013; Zhang and Mitsch, 2005). However, in regions characterised by widespread riparian wetlands that are hydraulically connected with adjacent rivers, wetland-river interaction is likely to be bidirectional. Such interactions should be quantified according to hydraulic principles involving relative river and wetland water level elevations as well as the properties of the connection between the two (Kouwen, 2013; Liu et al., 2008; Min et al., 2010; Nyarko, 2007; Restrepo et al., 1998). In the WATFLOOD model, for instance, riparian wetland-river interaction is modelled using the principle of Dupuit-Forchheimer lateral/radial groundwater flow (Kouwen, 2013). Since exchange between riparian wetlands and rivers can occur over the surface and/or through the subsurface, Restrepo et al. (1998) incorporated an equivalent transmissivity expression, obtained for wetland vegetation and the subsurface soil, into the Darcy flow equation of the MODFLOW model.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I O B I I I I I I O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O B I O O B I I O O B O

principle of dupuit-forchheimer lateral/radial groundwater flow

representing wetland-river interactions involving giws


Recently together with structural efficiency, passenger safety is also an important issue in application of material to transportation industries. Hence, the crashworthiness parameters are introducing to predict the capability of structure to prevent the massive damage and protect the passenger in the event of a crash. Crashworthiness parameters for various thin-walled tubes made from metal or fibre/resin composites in different geometries have been studied. A critical difference of tubular composites failure modes compared with metallic is the brittle collapse. In addition, in composites, tubular failure modes are involved with micro-cracking development, delamination, fibre breakage, etc., instead of plastic deformation. Implementation of composite materials in the field of crashworthiness is attributed to Hull, who in 80s and 90s of the last century studied extensively the crushing behaviour of fibre reinforced composite material. He found that the composite materials absorbed high energy in the face of the fracture surface energy mechanism rather than plastic deformation as observed for metals [1]. This observation has inspired others to further investigation about crashworthiness characteristics of composite materials. Studies have examined the axial crushing behaviour of fibre-reinforced tubes [2], fibreglass tubes [3,4], PVC tubes [5] and carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) tubes [6].

O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O B B I I O O O O O B B I O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O B I I O O O O B I O B I O O B I I I B O O

carbon fibre reinforced plastic (cfrp) tubes

axial crushing behaviour
brittle collapse
carbon fibre reinforced plastic
cfrp
composite materials
composites
crashworthiness characteristics
crashworthiness parameters
crushing behaviour
delamination
fibre breakage
fibreglass tubes
fibre reinforced composite material
fracture surface energy
metal
metals
passenger safety
plastic deformation
prevent the massive damage
protect the passenger
pvc tubes
structural efficiency
transportation industries
tubular failure modes


Xylanases have potential applications in various fields. Some of the important applications are as fallows. Xylanases are used as bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry. Mostly they are used to hydrolyzed the xylan component from wood which facilitate in removal of lignin (Viikari, Kantelinen, Buchert, & Puls, 1994). It also helps in brightening of the pulp to avoid the chlorine free bleaching operations (Paice, Jurasek, Ho, Bourbonnais, & Archibald, 1989). In bakeries the xylanase act on the gluten fraction of the dough and help in the even redistribution of the water content of the bread (Wong & Saddler, 1992). Xylanases also have potential application in animal feed industry. They are used for the hydrolysis of non-starchy polysaccharides such as arabinoxylan in monogastric diets (Walsh, Power, & Headon, 1993). Xylanases also play a key role in the maceration of vegetable matter (Beck & Scoot, 1974), protoplastation of plant cells, clarification of juices and wine (Biely, 1985) liquefaction of coffee mucilage for making liquid coffee, recovery of oil from subterranian mines, extraction of flavors and pigments, plant oils and starch (McCleary, 1986) and to improve the efficiency of agricultural silage production (Wong & Saddler, 1992).

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O B I I I O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I B I I I I O O B I I I O B I I B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O


FabHemeLB is a Python tool which helps automate the construction and management of ensemble simulation workflows. FabHemeLB is an extended version of FabSim [27] configured to handle HemeLB operations. Both FabSim and FabHemeLB help to automate application deployment, execution and data analysis on remote resources. FabHemeLB can be used to compile and build HemeLB on any remote resource, to reuse machine-specific configurations, and to organize and curate simulation data. It can also submit HemeLB jobs to a remote resource specifying the number of cores and the wall clock time limit for completing a simulation. The tool is also able to monitor the queue status on remote resources, fetch results of completed jobs, and can conveniently combine functionalities into single one-line commands. In general, the FabHemeLB commands have the following structure:

B O O B I O O B I I I I I I I I B O O O O O B O O O O B O O B O B O O O O B B O B I O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I I I I I B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O


The lateral force, Q, is measured and recorded throughout the entire test by a piezoelectric load cell which is connected to the quasi-stationary LSMB. The LSMB is mounted on flexures which provide flexibility in the horizontal direction so that the majority of the lateral force is transmitted though the much stiffer load path which contains the load cell as shown in Fig. 2. Both displacement and load sensors have been calibrated (both externally and in-situ) in static conditions. The load and displacement signals are sampled at a rate of two hundred measurements per fretting cycle at all fretting frequencies, with these data being used to generate fretting loops. The loops were used to derive the contact slip amplitude and the energy coefficient of friction in each cycle according to the method suggested by Fouvry et al. [17]. Average values for these were calculated for each test (the average coefficient of friction included values associated with the initial transients in the tests as suggested by Hirsch and Neu [18]).

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

lateral force, q, is measured and recorded

displacement and load sensors
flexures
load cell
lsmb


First results from RHIC on charged multiplicities, evolution of multiplicities with centrality, particle ratios and transverse momentum distributions in central and minimum bias collisions, are analyzed in a string model which includes hard collisions, collectivity in the initial state considered as string fusion, and rescattering of the produced secondaries. Multiplicities and their evolution with centrality are successfully reproduced. Transverse momentum distributions in the model show a larger pT-tail than experimental data, disagreement which grows with increasing centrality. Discrepancies with particle ratios appear and are examined comparing with previous features of the model at SPS.First results from RHIC on charged multiplicities, evolution of multiplicities with centrality, particle ratios and transverse momentum distributions in central and minimum bias collisions, are analyzed in a string model which includes hard collisions, collectivity in the initial state considered as string fusion, and rescattering of the produced secondaries. Multiplicities and their evolution with centrality are successfully reproduced. Transverse momentum distributions in the model show a larger pT-tail than experimental data, disagreement which grows with increasing centrality. Discrepancies with particle ratios appear and are examined comparing with previous features of the model at SPS.

O O O O O B I B I I I I B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I B I I I I O O O O O B I I I I B O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I I I I B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I B I I I I O O O O O B I I I I B O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O


When incompatible three component polymer chains are tethered at a junction point, the resultant star molecules of the ABC type are in a very frustrated field in bulk. That is, their junction points cannot be aligned on two-dimensional planes but on one-dimensional lines, as schematically shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, when the chain length difference is not so large, the array of junction points tends to be straight and long one. Consequently each domain with mesoscopic sizes becomes cylinders, and their cross sections could be conformed by polygons [28,29]. This is because three interfaces, A/B, B/C and C/A are likely to be flat since there exist no junction points at interfaces and therefore chain entropy contribution to the free energy of structure formation is considerably small comparing with regular block and graft copolymer systems. As a matter of fact, Dotera predicted several tiling patterns by the diagonal bond method, a new Monte Carlo Simulation [30], while Gemma and Dotera pointed out that only three regular tilings, i.e., (6.6.6), (4.8.8) and (4.6.12) are permitted for three-branched molecules proposed as the “even polygon theorem” [31].

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

even polygon theorem
three-branched molecules
three interfaces, a/b, b/c and c/a

chain entropy
cylinders
diagonal bond method
monte carlo simulation
polygons
polymer chains
star molecules


An obvious metric to measure the monitoring performance between the different conditions would be to compare how many clicks the users made in average for each condition. Furthermore of interest are the buffer values of the respective buffers at the time of the user's interaction with the simulation (e.g., the input buffer of a certain machine at the time of refilling it). A relatively high average buffer value can e.g. signify that the users do not trust that the respective mode of process monitoring conveys the need for interaction in time, leading the users to switching their attention to the process simulation in regular intervals, and performing interactions just in case. A low average buffer can, on the other hand, signify that the users rely on the respective conditions’ ability to signal interaction needs. On the other hand, if e.g. an input buffer had already been completely depleted at the time of intervention, this may signify that the respective condition has failed to inform the users in time. In many cases, participants used double clicks for their interactions, while a single click would have been sufficient, a fact that was perhaps not communicated clearly enough to the participants. Therefore, if several clicks were performed directly one after another, only the first click was taken into account.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Production of charmonium states J/ψ and ψ′ in nucleus–nucleus collisions has been studied at CERN SPS over the previous 15 years by the NA38 and NA50 Collaborations. This experimental program was mainly motivated by the suggestion [1] to use the J/ψ as a probe of the state of matter created at the early stage of the collision. The original picture [1] (see also [2] for a modern review) assumes that charmonia are created exclusively at the initial stage of the reaction in primary nucleon–nucleon collisions. During the subsequent evolution of the system, the number of hidden charm mesons is reduced because of: (a) absorption of pre-resonance charmonium states by nuclear nucleons (normal nuclear suppression), (b) interactions of charmonia with secondary hadrons (comovers), (c) dissociation of cc̄ bound states in deconfined medium (anomalous suppression). It was found [3] that J/ψ suppression with respect to Drell–Yan muon pairs measured in proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions with light projectiles can be explained by the so-called “normal” (due to sweeping nucleons) nuclear suppression alone. In contrast, the NA50 experiment with a heavy projectile and target (Pb+Pb) revealed essentially stronger J/ψ suppression for central collisions [4–7]. This anomalous J/ψ suppression was attributed to formation of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) [7], but a comover scenario cannot be excluded [8].

O O B O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B O O B I B I I O O O B O O B B O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I B O O O B I O O O O

production of charmonium states j/ψ and ψ′ in nucleus–nucleus collisions

use the j/ψ as a probe of the state of matter created at the early stage of the collision

anomalous suppression
cc̄
central collisions
charmonia
charmonium
comovers
comover scenario
drell–yan muon pairs
experimental program
formation of quark–gluon plasma
hadrons
heavy projectile and target
hidden charm mesons
light projectiles
na50 experiment
normal nuclear suppression
nuclear nucleons
nuclear suppression
nucleus–nucleus collisions
original picture
primary nucleon–nucleon collisions
proton–nucleus
qgp
sweeping nucleons
ψ′


In this paper, an implementation of a LBP (local binary pattern) based fast face recognition system on symbian platform is presented. First, face in picture taken from camera is detected using AdaBoost algorithm. Second, the pre-processing of the face is done, including eye location, geometric normalization, illumination normalization. During the face preprocessing, a rapid eye location method named ER (Eyeball Search) is proposed and implemented. Last, the improved LBP is adopted for recognition. Although the computational capability of the symbian platform is limited, the experimental results show good performance for recognition rate and time. in pressIn this paper, an implementation of a LBP (local binary pattern) based fast face recognition system on symbian platform is presented. First, face in picture taken from camera is detected using AdaBoost algorithm. Second, the pre-processing of the face is done, including eye location, geometric normalization, illumination normalization. During the face preprocessing, a rapid eye location method named ER (Eyeball Search) is proposed and implemented. Last, the improved LBP is adopted for recognition. Although the computational capability of the symbian platform is limited, the experimental results show good performance for recognition rate and time. in press

O O O O O O O B B I I O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O B I B I B I O O B I O O B I O O B B I O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B B I I O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O B I B I B I O O B I O O B I O O B B I O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O

adaboost algorithm
er
eyeball search
eye location
face preprocessing
face recognition
geometric normalization
illumination normalization
lbp
local binary pattern
preprocessing
recognition
symbian platform


Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), described in detail by Suresh and Mortensen [1], are a type of heterogeneous composite materials exhibiting gradual variation in volume fraction of their constituents from one surface of the material to the other, resulting in properties which vary continuously across the material. The idea of a Functionally Graded Material is not a new one, there are in fact many natural materials which exhibit this property. Study of bone, shell, balsawood and bamboo shows that they are all graded with their greatest strength on the outside, in areas where the greatest protection is required. However it was not until the 1980s in Japan [2] that the idea of a Functionally Graded Material was actively researched in order to gain advances in heat resistant materials for use in aerospace and nuclear fission reactors.

B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B O B I I

study of bone, shell, balsawood and bamboo

aerospace
balsawood
bamboo
bone
fgms
functionally graded material
functionally graded materials
heat resistant materials
heterogeneous composite materials
nuclear fission reactors
shell


This research traces the implementation of an information system in the form of ERP modules covering tenant and contract management in a Chinese service company. Misalignments between the ERP system specification and user needs led to the adoption of informal processes within the organisation. These processes are facilitated within an informal organisational structure and are based on human interactions undertaken within the formal organisation. Rather than to attempt to suppress the emergence of the informal organisation the company decided to channel the energies of staff involved in informal processes towards organisational goals. The company achieved this by harnessing the capabilities of what we term a hybrid ERP system, combining the functionality of a traditional (formal) ERP installation with the capabilities of Enterprise Social Software (ESS). However the company recognised that the successful operation of the hybrid ERP system would require a number of changes in organisational design in areas such as reporting structures and communication channels. A narrative provided by interviews with company personnel is thematised around the formal and informal characteristics of the organisation as defined in the literature. This leads to a definition of the characteristics of the hybrid organisation and strategies for enabling a hybrid organisation, facilitated by a hybrid ERP system, which directs formal and informal behaviour towards organisational goals and provides a template for future hybrid implementations.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

enterprise social software
erp installation
erp modules
erp system
ess