a maximum entropy based approach for multimodal integration Integration of various user input channels for a multimodal interface is not just an engineering problem. To fully understand users in the context of an application and the current session, solutions are sought that process information from different intentional, i.e. user-originated, as well as from passively available sources in a uniform manner. As a first step towards this goal, the work demonstrated here investigates how intentional user input (e.g. speech, gesture) can be seamlessly combined to provide a single semantic interpretation of the user input. For this classical Multimodal Integration problem the Maximum Entropy approach is demonstrated with 76.52\% integration accuracy for the 1st and 86.77\% accuracy for the top 3-best candidates. The paper also exhibits the process that generates multimodal data for training the statistical integrator, using transcribed speech from MIT's Voyager application. The quality of the generated data is assessed by comparing to real inputs to the multimodal version of Voyager.

O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

machine learning
multimodal database
virtual modality


Adjustable band-pass filter with current active elements: two fully-differential and single-ended solutions Four adjustable band-pass filtering solutions are presented and also compared in this paper. Two of them are suitable for single-ended signal processing and the other two are their fully-differential equivalents. Filters are built with two types of active elements. First is a simple current follower with multiple outputs and second is a current amplifier with adjustable current gain that is used to control the quality factor of each of filters. Dependency between gain and quality factor is direct in two cases or inverse in other cases and that is why the range of adjustability varies. Simulations with CMOS-transistor structures are included. Values of quality factor obtained for each of solutions are assessed.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

current-mode
daca
fully differential
single ended


A model-based method for the reconstruction of total knee replacement kinematics A better knowledge of the kinematics behavior of total knee replacement (TKR) during activity still remains a crucial issue to validate innovative prosthesis designs and different surgical strategies. Tools for more accurate measurement of in vivo kinematics of knee prosthesis components are therefore fundamental to improve the clinical outcome of knee replacement. In the present study, a novel model-based method for the estimation of the three-dimensional (3-D) position and orientation (pose) of both the femoral and tibial knee prosthesis components during activity is presented. The knowledge of the 3-D geometry of the components and a single plane projection view in a fluoroscopic image are sufficient to reconstruct the absolute and relative pose of the components in space. The technique is based on the best alignment of the component designs with the corresponding projection on the image plane. The image generation process is modeled and an iterative procedure localizes the spatial pose of the object by minimizing the Euclidean distance of the projection rays from the object surface, Computer simulation and static/dynamic in vitro tests using real knee prosthesis show that the accuracy with which relative orientation and position of the components can be estimated is better than 1.5 degrees and 1.5 mm, respectively. In vivo tests demonstrate that the method is well suited for kinematics analysis on TKR patients and that good quality images can be obtained with a carefully positioning of the fluoroscope and an appropriate dosage, With respect to previously adopted template matching techniques, the present method overcomes the complete segmentation of the components on the projected image and also features the simultaneous evaluation of all the six degrees of freedom (DOF) of the object. The expected small difference between successive poses in in vivo sequences strongly reduces the frequency of false poses and both the operator and computation time.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

model-based pose estimation
single-plane fluoroscopy
3-d kinematics
total knee prosthesis


On a primal-proximal heuristic in discrete optimization Lagrangian relaxation is useful to bound the optimal value of a given optimization problem, and also to obtain relaxed solutions. To obtain primal solutions, it is conceivable to use a convexification procedure suggested by D.P. Bertsekas in 1979, based on the proximal algorithm in the primal space. The present paper studies the theory assessing the approach in the framework of combinatorial optimization. Our results indicate that very little can be expected in theory, even though fairly good practical results have been obtained for the unit-commitment problem.

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

proximal algorithm
lagrangian relaxation


a guide for fitness function design Fitness function design is often both a design and performance bottleneck for evolutionary algorithms. The fitness function for a given problem is directly related to the specifications for that problem. This paper outlines a guide for transforming problem specifications into a fitness function. The target audience for this guide are both non-expert practitioners and those interested in formalizing fitness function design. The goal is to investigate and formalize the fitness function generation process that expert developers go through and in doing so make fitness function design less of a bottleneck. Solution requirements in the problem specifications are identified and classified, then an appropriate fitness function component is generated based on its classifications, and finally the fitness function components combined to yield a fitness function for the problem in question. The competitive performance of a guide generated fitness function is demonstrated by comparing it to that of an expert designed fitness function.

O O O B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fitness function classification
evolutionary algorithm


The effects of power control on the optical CDMA random access protocol In this work, the performance of the hybrid system that combines the distributed power control algorithm (DPCA) with the random access protocol as a novel and simple scheme of achieving a high performance in decentralized optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks has been investigated. The multiple access interference (MAI) and the nearfar problem effects have been considered. The DPCAs advantage lies in its characteristics being effectively implemented to each node, since only local parameters are necessary. The principal results have shown that the network throughput and delay are strongly affected by the nearfar problem and the DPCA works to solve this problem. Hence, the introduction of a certain level of the power control to the random access temporally coded (1D) or the time-wavelength coded (2D) OCDMA networks has demonstrated profitability of the throughput increase and the delay reduction. As a consequence, the proposed system configuration with the DPCA using a very low number of iterations has resulted in a better throughput and simultaneously in a delay decrease when compared to the system without power control mechanisms.

O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

distributed power control algorithm
random access protocol
optical code division multiple access


A model of acceptance of augmented-reality interactive technology: the moderating role of cognitive innovativeness This research integrates the technology acceptance model and concepts of experiential value to investigate factors that affect sustainable relationship behavior toward using augmented-reality interactive technology (ARIT). In line with consumers innovativeness, this research discovers that consumers level of cognitive innovativeness affects their sustainable relationship behaviors toward using ARIT. Online consumers with high cognitive innovativeness put more emphasis on usefulness, aesthetics, and service excellence presented by ARIT; in contrast, those with low cognitive innovativeness focus on playfulness and ease of use presented by ARIT.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O

technology acceptance model
experiential value
cognitive innovativeness


An arbitrary LagrangianEulerian formulation for solving moving boundary problems with large displacements and rotations An Arbitrary LagrangianEulerian (ALE) formulation based on the unstructured finite volume method is proposed for solving moving boundary problems with large displacements and rotations. The numerical method is based on the side-centered arrangement of the primitive variables that does not require any ad-hoc modifications in order to enhance pressure coupling. The continuity equation is satisfied within each element at machine precision and the summation of the continuity equations can be exactly reduced to the domain boundary, which is important for the global mass conservation. A special attention is given to construct an ALE algorithm obeying the discrete geometric conservation law (DGCL). The mesh deformation algorithm is based on the indirect Radial Basis Function (RBF) algorithm at each time level while avoiding remeshing in order to enhance numerical robustness. For the parallel solution of resulting large-scale algebraic equations in a fully coupled form, a matrix factorization is introduced similar to that of the projection method for the whole system and the parallel algebraic multigrid solver BoomerAMG is used for the scaled discrete Laplacian provided by the HYPRE library which we access through the PETSc library. The present numerical algorithm is initially validated for the decaying TaylorGreen vortex flow, the flow past an oscillating circular cylinder in a channel and the flow induced by an oscillating sphere in a cubic cavity. Then the numerical algorithm is applied to the numerical simulation of flow field around a pair of flapping Drosophila wings in hover flight. The time variation of the Eulerian coherent structures in the near wake is shown along with the aerodynamic loads.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ale methods
insect flight
incompressible viscous flow
coupled iterative solvers
large-scale computations


A new slow-motion replay extractor for soccer game videos In this paper, we will present a method to extract slow-motion replays in a soccer game video. According to our observation, a slow-motion replay always happens as a single shot and appears between two gradual transitions. Based on this fact, a video will first be segmented into individual shots and only those shots appearing between two gradual transitions are considered as candidate shots. There are two kinds of slow-motion replays. One comes from a standard camera and consists of some repeating or inserted frames. The other is from a high-speed camera with larger variation between two consecutive frames. Based on these features, an extractor is then provided to check if a candidate shot is a slow motion replay. Some experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

shot detection
repeating frame
inserted frame


Who will lead and who will follow: Identifying Influential Users in Online Social Networks A Critical Review and Future Research Directions Along with the explosive growth of the phenomenon Online Social Networks (OSN), identifying influential users in OSN has received a great deal of attention in recent years. However, the development of practical approaches for identifying them is still in its infancy. By means of a structured literature review, the authors analyze and synthesize the publications particularly from two perspectives. From a research perspective, they find that existing approaches mostly build on users' connectivity and activity but hardly consider further characteristics of influential users. Moreover, they outline two major research streams. It becomes apparent that most marketing-oriented articles draw on real-world data of OSN, while more technology-oriented papers rather have a theoretical approach and mostly evaluate their artifacts by means of formal proofs. The authors find that a stronger collaboration between the scientific Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE) and Marketing communities could be mutually beneficial. With respect to a practitioner's perspective, they compile advice on the practical application of approaches for the identification of influential users. It is hoped that the results can stimulate and guide future research.

O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

literature review
online social networks

viral marketing
information diffusion
word-of-mouth
influence
contagion
influentials


collaboratory use by peripheral scientists Recent years have seen an increasing use of collaboratories in scientific work. It is hypothesized that by enabling scientists to reach remotely located data, instruments and experts, collaboratories will benefit peripheral scientists (e.g., scientists from developing countries and scientists from minority colleges in the U.S.) more than core scientists. However, previous studies on computer network use have shown mixed results regarding peripherality effects. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study intends to investigate cultural, political, and technical factors that influence collaboratory use by peripheral scientists.

B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I


Efficient local memory sequence generation for data parallel programs using permutations Generating local memory access sequence is a critical issue in distributed-memory implementations of data-parallel languages. In this paper, for arrays distributed block-cyclically on multiple processors, we introduce a novel approach to the local memory access sequence generation using the theory of permutation. By compressing the active elements in a block into an integer, called compress number, and exploiting the fact that there is a repeating pattern in the access sequence, we obtain the global block cycle. Then, we show that the local block cycle can be efficiently enumerated as closed forms using the permutation of global block cycle. After decompressing the compress number in the local block cycle, the local block patterns are restored and the local memory access sequence can be quickly generated. Unlike other works, our approach incurs no run-time overhead.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

local memory access sequence
permutation

block-cyclic distribution
data-parallel programming
block compression/decompression


A model of awareness to enhance our understanding of interprofessional collaborative care delivery and health information system design to support it As more healthcare delivery is provided by collaborative teams there is a need for enhanced design of health information systems (HISs) to support collaborative care delivery. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of the different types of awareness that exist in interprofessional collaborative care (ICC) delivery to inform HIS design to support ICC. Qualitative data collection and analysis was done. The data sources consisted of 90h of non-participant observations and 30 interviews with nurses, physicians, medical residents, volunteers, and personal support workers. Many of the macro-level ICC activities (e.g. morning rounds, shift change) were constituted by micro-level activities that involved different types of awareness. We identified four primary types of ICC awareness: patient, team member, decision making, and environment. Each type of awareness is discussed and supported by study data. We also discuss implication of our findings for enhanced design of existing HISs as well as providing insight on how HISs could be better designed to support ICC awareness. Awareness is a complex yet crucial piece of successful ICC. The information sources that provided and supported ICC awareness were varied. The different types of awareness from the model can help us understand the explicit details of how care providers communicate and exchange information with one another. Increased understanding of ICC awareness can assist with the design and evaluation of HISs to support collaborative activities.

O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O

awareness
interprofessional collaborative care

grounded theory
communication
health information systems design


yahoo university hackday Yahoo has recently embarked upon a program of supporting and organising "University Hack Days". This program is designed to help Yahoo reach out to new generations of aspiring web developers, and provide them with early experience of what it's like to work in the competitive new media development industry. HackDays [1] are also a great vehicle for Yahoo to use to help foster awareness of its APIs and other technologies from the Yahoo Developer Network [2] that can be used and mixed to create innovative new "mash-ups". The program encourages students to perform the following tasks: 1. To come up with a new and innovative idea that has relevance to the new media industry. 2. To present their ideas in a fashion designed to inform others about the nature of their project, and to invite discussion and feedback from industry professionals. 3. To develop a working prototype using the most appropriate technologies and development techniques. 4. To present the finished project in a competitive environment similar to that met in commercial organisations. The "University Hack Day" is an extension of the "Hack Day" program that Yahoo has been running internally for its engineers and now publicly in the "Open Hack Day" program.

O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Localization of an autonomous mobile robot based on ultrasonic sensory information Based on ultrasonic sensory information, an approach is proposed for localization of autonomous mobile robot (AMRs). In the proposed method, it will be proven that the combination of three ultrasonic transmitters and two receivers can determine both the position and the orientation of an AMR with respect to a reference frame uniquely. In this manner, since only ultrasonic sensors are used, the proposed method will be highly cost-effective and easy to implement. To show the validity and feasibility of the proposed method, the hardware configuration and a series of experiments will be given for illustration.

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


PROKARYO: an illustrative and interactive computational model of the lactose operon in the bacterium Escherichia coli We are creating software for agent-based simulation and visualization of bio-molecular processes in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. As a first example, we have built a 3-dimensional, interactive computer model of an Escherichia coli bacterium and its associated biomolecular processes. Our illustrative model focuses on the gene regulatory processes that control the expression of genes involved in the lactose operon. Prokaryo, our agent-based cell simulator, incorporates cellular structures, such as plasma membranes and cytoplasm, as well as elements of the molecular machinery, including RNA polymerase, messenger RNA, lactose permease, and ribosomes.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

computational modeling
mathematical model
agent-based model
e. coli simulation
lactose operon model


3-tier dynamically adaptive power-aware motion estimator for h.264/avc video encoding The limitation of energy in portable communication/entertainment devices necessitates the reduction of video encoding complexity. The H.264/AVC video coding standard is one of the latest video codecs and features a complex Motion Estimation scheme that accounts for a major part of the encoder energy [2]. We therefore present a power-aware Motion Estimator for H.264 that adapts at run time according to the available energy level. We perform a set of adaptations at different Processing Stages of Motion Estimation . Our results show that in case of CIF videos (typically used in portable devices; but our approach is equally applicable to other video resolutions too), we achieve an average energy reduction of 52 times and 27 times as compared to UMHexagonS [12] and EPZS [14] respectively. This energy saving comes at the cost of an average loss of only 0.39 dB in Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR: an objective quality measure) and 23\% increase in area (synthesized for 90nm technology).

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

search pattern
h.264
low complexity
run-time adaptation
early termination
mpeg-4 avc
low power


Arbitration-free synchronization Implementing traditional forms of multiprocess synchronization requires a hardware arbiter. Here, we consider what kind of synchronization is achievable without arbitration. Several kinds of simple arbiter-free registers are defined and shown to have equal power, and the class of synchronization problems solvable with such registers is characterized. More powerful forms of arbiter-free communication primitives are described. However, the problem of characterizing the most general form of arbiter-free synchronization remains unsolved.

O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Identification of Delay Measurable PDFs Using Linear Dependency Relationships Recently several methods have been presented to measure the delay of a small set of path delay faults (PDFs), known as a basis set which is used to compute the delays of PDFs. All methods assume that the basis consists of strong robustly tested PDFs because their delays can be measured. This paper presents procedures to identify measurable PDFs whose delays otherwise could not be measured by traditional strong robust sensitization. Path measurement techniques that conditer the bounded delay model allow us to compute the delays of almost all PDFs in existing benchmarks.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Relations Versus Functions at the Foundations of Logic: Type-Theoretic Considerations Though Frege was interested primarily in reducing mathematics to logic, he succeeded in reducing an important part of logic to mathematics by defining relations in terms of functions. In contrast, Whitehead and Russell reduced an important part of mathematics to logic by defining functions in terms of relations (using the definite description operator). We argue that there is a reason to prefer Whitehead and Russell's reduction of functions to relations over Frege's reduction of relations to functions. There is an interesting system having a logic that can be properly characterized in relational type theory (RTT) but not in functional type theory (FTT). This shows that RTT is more general than FTT. The simplification offered by Church in his FTT is an over-simplification: one cannot assimilate predication to functional application.

B O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

foundations of logic
relations
functions
type theory
terms

automated theorem proving
formulas
lambda-abstraction
relational type theory
functional type theory
theory of abstract objects


Endometriosis and Tissue Factor Tissue factor (TF), is a cellular receptor that binds the ligand factor VII/VIIa to initiate the blood coagulation cascade. In addition to its role as the initiator of the hemostatic cascade, TF is known to be involved in angiogenesis via an interaction with factor VIIa and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). In this article we review previous studies from our laboratory demonstrating that the pattern and level of TF expression is altered in multiple cell types derived from eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis compared with normal endometrium. We posit that the inflammatory environment that occurs in ectopic and eutopic endometrium from patients with disease results in high TF expression that in turn, signals via PAR-2 to further produce inflammatory cytokine or chemokine production and macrophage recruitment. Thus, our studies suggest that TF might be an ideal target for therapeutic intervention in endometriosis.

B O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B


The density function reconstruction of surface sources from a single Cauchy measurement The inverse problem of reconstructing sources is explored when a single boundary Cauchy data is postulated on the potential. We are particularly involved in sources supported by (hyper-)surfaces. Mild assumptions are required on the location of these supports and the calculation of the charge density function is then aimed. We consider a variational formulation, based on a duplication artifice of the potential and we check the symmetry and the positive definiteness of the weak problem. Because of the severe ill-posedness, the use of a regularization is mandatory for a safe approximation of the solution. Lavrentiev's method is therefore recommended in the context owing to the symmetry and the positivity. We check why that regularization turns out to be a Tikhonov method for some underlying shadow equation that is not needed in computations and is therefore never explicitly constructed. Results stated in a wide literature for the Tikhonov regularization applies as well to our variational problem. An important consequence is that the Morozov Discrepancy Principle, we use for the selection of the regularization parameter yields a convergent strategy. Now, that the Discrepancy Principle requires the residual of that inaccessible 'shadow equation', we explain how the Kohn-Vogelius function allows for the computation of that residual. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

density function detection
variational solution
lavrentiev regularization


Fullerenes with complete Clar structure It is known that the Fries number for a fullerene ?=(V,E,F) ? = ( V , E , F ) is bounded above by | V | 3 and the fullerenes that attain this bound have been characterized. The corresponding bound for the Clar number is | V | 6 ? 2 . In this paper, we characterize the fullerenes for which this bound is attained, and also characterize the fullerenes for which the upper bounds for the Clar and the Fries number are simultaneously achieved.

O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O

conjugated 6-circuits
perfect matching
kekul structure


Building a Low-Energy Transparent Optical Wide Area Network With "Multipaths" We propose an all-optical networking solution for a wide area network built on shared multipoint-to-multipoint lightpaths that, for short, we call "multipaths." A multipath concentrates the traffic of a group of source nodes on a wavelength channel using an adapted medium access control protocol and multicasts this traffic to a group of destination nodes that extract their own data from the confluent stream. The proposed network can be built using existing components and appears less complex and more efficient in terms of energy consumption than alternatives like optical packet switching and optical burst switching. The paper presents the multipath architecture and compares its energy consumption to that of a classical router-based Internet service provider network. A flow-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm is proposed and shown to have excellent performance in terms of throughput and delay.

O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

dynamic bandwidth allocation
wide area network

flow-aware networking
transparent optical network


Wavelet-based multilevel methods for linear ill-posed problems The representation of linear operator equations in terms of wavelet bases yields a multilevel framework, which can be exploited for iterative solution. This paper describes cascadic multilevel methods that employ conjugate gradient-type methods on each level. The iterations are on each level terminated by a stopping rule based on the discrepancy principle.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ill-posed problem
multilevel method
minimal residual method


a prototype documenter system for medical grand rounds This paper demonstrates our ongoing experience on a documenter system for medical grand rounds. The system captures and synchronizes the set of material presented and corresponding physicians' interactions, automatically relates clinical cases of patients, and then generates web-accessible documents with all information captured. The resulting documentation can be used for several purposes such as teaching, research and presurgical decision taking.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


A stochastic model for molecular communications In this paper we present a stochastic model for molecular communication, which accounts for particle dynamics and noise. Differently from existing approaches, we consider that molecules carrying information may interact with the transmission medium. These interactions are modelled by means of absorption, duplication and spontaneous emission phenomena. Using tools from stochastic processes we provide a complete statistical characterization of the evolution over time of the number of molecules present in the transmission medium. The model is applied to the study of flow-based and diffusion-based molecular communication.

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

molecular communications
particle dynamics

stochastic models
birth-and-death process
poisson process
brownian motion


A novel graph-based k-means for nonlinear manifold clustering and representative selection A novel algorithm is proposed for manifold clustering and representative selection. A new method is described to find manifold centroid in Riemannian geometry. A new random walk model measures the similarity of data points on nonlinear manifold. An effective method is introduced to remove the bridging points between manifolds.

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Strategic reasoning about business models: a conceptual modeling approach Strategic reasoning about business models is an integral part of service design. In fast moving markets, businesses must be able to recognize and respond strategically to disruptive change. They have to answer questions such as: what are the threats and opportunities in emerging technologies and innovations? How should they target customer groups? Who are their real competitors? How will competitive battles take shape? In this paper we define a strategic modeling framework to help understand and analyze the goals, intentions, roles, and the rationale behind the strategic actions in a business environment. This understanding is necessary in order to improve existing or design new services. The key component of the framework is a strategic business model ontology for representing and analyzing business models and strategies, using the i* agent and goal oriented methodology as a basis. The ontology introduces a strategy layer which reasons about alternative strategies that are realized in the operational layer. The framework is evaluated using a retroactive example of disruptive technology in the telecommunication services sector from the literature.

B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

business modeling
requirement engineering
business model ontologies
service science


The rise and decline of the ETHICS methodology of systems implementation: lessons for IS research Professor Mumford has contributed significantly to the information system (IS) field. Among her achievements and pioneering thinking is the development of an integrated methodology for systems implementation named Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer Systems (ETHICS) that incorporates job design as part of the systems planning and implementation effort. This study questions why ETHICS initially rose in popularity and then declined over the years. To answer this question, we apply Latour's (1999) five-loop framework to describe the formation of science. The findings reveal that Mumford held and aligned many heterogeneous actors and resources that together contributed to the shaping of ETHICS. As the content of ETHICS was shaped by the intertwining of many elements, when some of these elements later changed and undermined their previous alignment, the content of ETHICS was not reshaped, and hence it lost its status and declined. The paper ends by drawing more general lessons for IS research.

O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

information systems implementation
participation
actor network theory
social process model


On computation of approximate eigenvalues and eigenvectors In Ref. [5], the author defines "approximate eigenvalues" and "approximate eigenvectors," which are, in short, Taylor series expansions of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a polynomial matrix. In this paper, an efficient algorithm to compute the approximate eigenvalues and eigenvectors is presented. The algorithm performs the computations with an arbitrary degree of convergence.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


optimal procrastinating voltage scheduling for hard real-time systems This paper presents an optimal procrastinating voltage scheduling (OP-DVS) for hard real-time systems using stochastic workload information. Algorithms are presented for both single-task and multi-task workloads. Offline calculations provide real-time guarantees for worst-case execution, and online scheduling reclaims slack time and schedules tasks accordingly. The OP-DVS algorithm is provably optimal in terms of energy minimization with no deadline misses. Simulation results show up to 30\% energy savings for single-task workloads and 74\% for multi-task workloads compared to using a constant worst-case execution voltage. The complexity of the algorithm for multi-task workloads is linear to the number of tasks involved.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

dynamic voltage scaling
real-time scheduling
optimization algorithm
power management


Simulation of the process of convective drying: identification of generic computation routines and their implementation in a computer code dryPAK Drying process involving three phases: gas, liquid and solid, and numerous types of process equipment (dryers) is a complex and difficult to model operation of chemical engineering. Vast literature on simulation and design of various drying processes shows multitude of process and equipment specific computation routines that have been developed. Each of them is dryer specific and took a lot of time to construct from scratch. It is therefore highly desirable to identify as many as possible building blocks of which any drying process can be built. Combining them with reliable databases that can be shared by all of these routines will enable to rapidly simulate numerous drying processes within a single computer code. Such approach is not yet available in commercial process simulators. This approach is used in the computer code dryPAK. It is especially suitable for using as a teaching tool with which steps of model building can be clearly explained and illustrated. With rising computer speed and memory it is probably possible to construct a single simulation and design tool for most of the drying processes based on the dryPAK structure.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

psychrometry
cocurrent
countercurrent
cross flow
batch drying


Combinatorial techniques for mixed-size placement While recent literature on circuit layout addresses large-scale standard-cell placement, the authors typically assume that all macros are fixed. Floorplanning techniques are very good at handling macros, but do not scale to hundreds of thousands of placeable objects. Therefore we combine floorplanning techniques with placement techniques to solve the more general placement problem. Our work shows how to place macros consistently with large numbers of small standard cells. Proposed techniques can also be used to guide circuit designers who prefer to place macros by hand. We address the computational difficulty of layout problems involving large macros and numerous small logic cells at the same time. Proposed algorithms are evaluated in the context of wirelength minimization because a computational method that is not scalable in optimizing wirelength is unlikely to be successful for more complex objectives (congestion, delay, power, etc.) We propose several different design flows to place mixed-size placement instances. The first flow relies on an arbitrary black-box standard-cell placer to obtain an initial placement and then removes possible overlaps using a fixed-outline floorplanner. This results in valid placements for macros, which are considered fixed. Remaining standard cells are then placed by another call to the standard-cell placer. In the second flow a standard-cell placer generates an initial placement and a force-directed placer is used in the engineering change order (ECO) mode to generate an overlap-free placement. Empirical evaluation on ibm benchmarks shows that in most cases our proposed flows compare favorably with previously published mixed-size placers, Kraftwerk, and the mixed-size floor-placer proposed at the 2003 Conference on Design, Automation, and Test in Europe (DATE 2003), and are competitive with mPG-MS.

O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O

algorithms design placement floorplanning


The binomial distribution with dependent Bernoulli trials The binomial distribution as the model for the aggregation of independent Bernoulli trials is well known and often used in modeling and data analysis. The generalization of the binomial distribution for dependencies among the Bernoulli trials has received significant attention and several approaches have been suggested to develop computationally feasible solutions. Most of them take the theoretical model of Bahadur-Lazarsfeld for dependent Bernoulli trials as their starting point. The lame number of dependency parameters in the Bahadur-Lazarsfeld model. even for a moderate number of trials, has shifted the attention to approximation. However, a computational method that determines the full Bahadur-Lazarsfeld distribution based on the low-order information of marginal expectations and second-order correlations, typically available in applications. is a useful alternative. This article develops such a method using the maximum entropy inference method. An advantage of the, method is that improper distributions, which may occur in approximating the Bahadur-Lazarsfeld model by truncation, will never occur. Furthermore. a consistency check can be performed on the user-specified input parameters and, if necessary, restored by a projection of (pan of) the input parameters onto the feasible domain. The link between dependent Bernoulli trials and a multi-way binary contingency table renders a characterization of the maximum entropy derived probability model in terms of coefficients of partial association. The method has been implemented and a number of examples show the potential of the method.

O B I O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

binomial distribution
dependent bernoulli trials
maximum entropy
contingency table
computational method


A global socio-economic-medico-legal model for the sustainability of longitudinal electronic health records - Part 1 Objectives: This paper pursues the challenge of sustaining lifetime electronic health records (EHRs) based on a comprehensive socio-economic-medico-legol model. The notion of a lifetime EHR extends the emerging concept of a longitudinal and cross-institutional EHR and is invaluable information for increasing patient safety and quality of care. Methods. The challenge is how to compile and sustain a coherent EHR across the lifetime of an individual. Several existing and hypothetical models are described, analyzed and compared in an attempt to suggest a preferred approach. Results: The vision is that lifetime EHRs should be sustained by new players in the healthcare arena, who will function as independent health record banks (IHRBs). Multiple competing IHRBs would be established and regulated following preemptive legislation. They should be neither owned by healthcare providers nor by health insurer/payers or government agencies. The new legislation should also stipulate that the records located in these banks be considered the medico-legal copies of an individual's records, and that healthcare providers no longer serve as the legal record keepers. Conclusions: The proposed model is not centered on any of the current players in the field; instead, it is focussed on the objective service of sustaining individual EHRs, much like financial banks maintain and manage financial assets. This revolutionary structure provides two main benefits: 1) Healthcare organizations will be able to cut the costs of long-term record keeping, and 2) healthcare providers will be able to provide better care based on the availability of a lifelong EHR of their new patients.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

social change
ethics
politics
economics
information medical record linkage


Simple hybrid method for fine microaneurysm detection from non-dilated diabetic retinopathy retinal images Microaneurysms detection is an important task in computer aided diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Microaneurysms are the first clinical sign of diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of vision loss in diabetic patients. Early microaneurysm detection can help reduce the incidence of blindness. Automatic detection of microaneurysms is still an open problem due to their tiny sizes, low contrast and also similarity with blood vessels. It is particularly very difficult to detect fine microaneurysms, especially from non-dilated pupils and that is the goal of this paper. Simple yet effective methods are used. They are coarse segmentation using mathematic morphology and fine segmentation using naive Bayes classifier. A total of 18 microaneurysms features are proposed in this paper and they are extracted for naive Bayes classifier. The detected microaneurysms are validated by comparing at pixel level with ophthalmologists hand-drawn ground-truth. The sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy are 85.68, 99.99, 83.34 and 99.99%, respectively.

O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

diabetic retinopathy
microaneurysms
naive bayes classifier


Intimate Heartbeats: Opportunities for Affective Communication Technology Despite a variety of new communication technologies, loneliness is prevalent in Western countries. Boosting emotional communication through intimate connections has the potential to reduce loneliness. New technologies might exploit biosignals as intimate emotional cues because of their strong relationship to emotions. Through two studies, we investigate the possibilities of heartbeat communication as an intimate cue. In the first study (N = 32), we demonstrate, using self-report and behavioral tracking in an immersive virtual environment, that heartbeat perception influences social behavior in a similar manner as traditional intimate signals such as gaze and interpersonal distance. In the second study (N = 34), we demonstrate that a sound of the heartbeat is not sufficient to cause the effect; the stimulus must be attributed to the conversational partner in order to have influence. Together, these results show that heartbeat communication is a promising way to increase intimacy. Implications and possibilities for applications are discussed.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

psychology
social issues
artificial
augmented
and virtual realities
communications applications
nonverbal signals


serialized asynchronous links for noc This paper proposes an asynchronous serialized link for NoC that can achieve the same levels of performance in terms of flits per second as a synchronous link but with a reduced number of wires in the point to point switch links and reduced power consumption. This is achieved by employing serialization in the asynchronous domain as opposed to synchronous to facilitate the removal of global clocking on the serial links. Based on transistor level simulations using 0.12 ?m foundry models it has been shown that it is possible to achieve the same level of performance as synchronous but with 75\% reduction in wires and 65\% reduction in power for a 300 MFlit/s link with 8 buffers with a switch clock speed of 300 MHz. Furthermore the paper presents the design requirements arising from interfacing switches of synchronous NoC and asynchronous serial links.

O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O


An adaptive fuzzy observer-based approach for chaotic synchronization This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy observer design to synchronize chaotic systems. The chaotic system is expressed in the form of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model (T-S fuzzy system), which considers the effect of model mismatches. Based on this model, an adaptive fuzzy observer is developed to deal with the synchronization of nonidentical chaotic systems. In contrast to the framework of parallel distributed compensation for T-S fuzzy system, the proposed method does not rely on the existence of common matrix P which is imposed in stability conditions. The computer Simulation examines the performance of two well-known chaotic systems, Lorenz system and Chua circuit. The results show that the proposed approach can not only attain synchronization but also is robust to parameter perturbations in the drive system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


VME crate interconnection through the SCI network in large data acquisition systems The possibility of using PCI Mezzanine Cards (PMCs) in VME modules opens new options for interconnecting crates by means of high-speed interconnection networks (Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI), ATM, Fiber Channel, etc.). These new technologies offer major benefits in the construction of large data acquisition networks where the number of VME crates is important. In this paper we explain how to use an SCI to easily connect VME crates and take advantage of the new scalability offered by SCI.

O B I O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

crate interconnection
sci network
data acquisition systems


A multidimensional wave digital filter bank for video-based motion analysis Multidimensional wave digital filters (MDWDF) exhibit the same desirable properties as 1D WDFs, most notably including passivity and therefore guaranteed stability as well as high robustness. A possible application for such MDWDFs may be found in motion analysis of image sequences by means of filters with fan-shaped transfer functions, where content with specific movement information can be extracted. For that matter, a parallel filter bank is needed to differentiate object motion into separate classes. In this paper, a new specialized MDWDF fan filter structure is introduced, possessing both reduced computational complexity and memory requirements compared to existing approaches. Additionally, part of the processing can be shared among all bands, further increasing efficiency.

O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

velocity filterbank
visual scene signal processing


Invariant and metric free proximities for data matching: An R package Data matching is a typical statistical problem in non experimental and/or observational studies or, more generally, in cross-sectional studies in which one or more data sets are to be compared. Several methods are available in the literature, most of which based on a particular metric or on statistical models, either parametric or nonparametric. In this paper we present two methods to calculate aproximity which have the property of being invariant under monotonic transformations. These methods require at most the notion of ordering. An open-source software in the form of a R package is also presented.

O O O O O O B I O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O


Spatioangular Prefiltering for Multiview 3D Displays In this paper, we analyze the reproduction of light fields on multiview 3D displays. A three-way interaction between the input light field signal (which is often aliased), the joint spatioangular sampling grids of multiview 3D displays, and the interview light leakage in modern multiview 3D displays is characterized in the joint spatioangular frequency domain. Reconstruction of light fields by all physical 3D displays is prone to light leakage, which means that the reconstruction low-pass filter implemented by the display is too broad in the angular domain. As a result, 3D displays excessively attenuate angular frequencies. Our analysis shows that this reduces sharpness of the images shown in the 3D displays. In this paper, stereoscopic image recovery is recast as a problem of joint spatioangular signal reconstruction. The combination of the 3D display point spread function and human visual system provides the narrow-band low-pass filter which removes spectral replicas in the reconstructed light field on the multiview display. The nonideality of this filter is corrected with the proposed prefiltering. The proposed light field reconstruction method performs light field antialiasing as well as angular sharpening to compensate for the nonideal response of the 3D display. The union of cosets approach which has been used earlier by others is employed here to model the nonrectangular spatioangular sampling grids on a multiview display in a generic fashion. We confirm the effectiveness of our approach in simulation and in physical hardware, and demonstrate improvement over existing techniques.

O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

autostereoscopic display
lenticular
parallax barrier
aliasing
crosstalk


Delay analysis of packet scheduling with multi-users diversity in wireless CDMA systems There have been a number of studies that investigate efficient packet scheduling schemes to support quality of service of multiple real-time data users and to increase capacity of non-real-time users sharing a wireless channel. We consider the problem of scheduling transmissions of multiple data users sharing the same wireless channel so as to satisfy delay or throughput and present a general packet scheduling, called MBCS (Multi-users Best Channel Scheduling) which takes advantage of the multi-user diversity of a mobile wireless system. In this paper, a queuing model that represents radio resource management for supporting packet data services is developed for the purpose of evaluating the performance of wireless CDMA systems. Numerical results show that delay performance of the proposed scheduler is higher than that of the Single-user Best Channel Scheduler (SBCS) depending on the time-varying channel status.

O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Multi-scale finite-volume method for elliptic problems in subsurface flow simulation In this paper we present a multi-scale finite-volume (MSFV) method to solve elliptic problems with many spatial scales arising from flow in porous media. The method efficiently captures the effects of small scales on a coarse grid, is conservative, and treats tensor permeabilities correctly. The underlying idea is to construct transmissibilities that capture the local properties of the differential operator. This leads to a multi-point discretization scheme for the finite-volume solution algorithm. Transmissibilities for the MSFV have to be constructed only once as a preprocessing step and can be computed locally. Therefore this step is perfectly suited for massively parallel computers. Furthermore, a conservative fine-scale velocity field can be constructed from the coarse-scale pressure solution. Two sets of locally computed basis functions are employed. The first set of basis functions captures the small-scale heterogeneity of the underlying permeability field, and it is computed in order to construct the effective coarse-scale transmissibilities. A second set of basis functions is required to construct a conservative fine-scale velocity field. The accuracy and efficiency of our method is demonstrated by various numerical experiments.

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

multi-scale physics
upscaling
finite-volume


Petri nets, traces, and local model checking It has been observed that representing concurrent behaviour as sequences of interleaved events is not satisfactory - not all sequences should be considered as likely behaviours. Taking progress fairness assumptions into account one obtains a more realistic behavioural view of concurrent systems. In this paper we consider the problem of performing model-checking relative to this behavioural view. We present a CTL-like logic which is interpreted over labelled I-safe nets. It turns out that Mazurkiewicz trace theory provides a natural setting ir which progress fairness assumptions can be formalised. We provide the first, to our knowledge, set of sound and complete tableau rules for a CTL-like logic interpreted under progress fairness assumptions.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fair progress
labelled 1-safe nets
model-checking
maximal traces
partial orders
inevitability


Input-matching and offset-cancelling networks for limiting amplifiers in optical communication systems The diffusion of optical communication systems in the access network and for short-haul datacom applications requires the use of low-cost plastic packages: the functional block most affected is the limiting amplifier, that is often the first stage of the Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) IC. In this paper we illustrate the design issues of the input-matching and offset-cancelling network for a differential limiting amplifier for optical communication systems, with particular emphasis on the effect of bond wires. We discuss the limitations of passive feedback networks when used both for offset suppression and for input matching, and propose a topology that overcomes such limitations by using an active feedback loop. A 50 ohm-loaded differential pair is used to achieve input matching and high offset suppression, and its buffering action desensitizes the input matching from the effect of the bond wires connecting off-chip filtering capacitors. Very good performance even with low cost plastic packages can be achieved by solving the trade-off between power consumption, offset suppression and the value of the low-pass filtering capacitors. Design examples of CDR IC's for 2.5 Gb/s optical systems are presented to compare the proposed topology with solutions based on passive feedback networks.

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

input matching
limiting amplifiers
offset suppression
bond wires


Interruption costs of service sector electricity customers, a hybrid approach We analyze the customer interruption costs for service sector customers. It is aimed to come up with an objective and easy to apply model. Customer survey and indirect analytical methods approaches are adopted. Customers are grouped regarding their distinct power consumption characteristics.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

service sector customers
customer survey

power interruption
customer interruption cost
electric power reliability


The binding modes and binding affinities of artemisinin derivatives with Plasmodium falciparum Ca2+-ATPase (PfATP6) Noncompetitive inhibitors of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) orthologue (PfATP6) of P. falciparum have important therapeutic value in the treatment of malaria. Artemisinin and its analogues are one such class of inhibitors which bind to a hydrophobic pocket located in the transmembrane region of PfATP6 near the biomembrane surface and interfere with calcium transport. The 3D structure of PfATP6 was modeled by homology modeling. A library consisting of 150 artemisinin analogues has been designed. Their molecular interactions and binding affinities with modeled PfATP6 protein have been studied using the docking, molecular mechanics based on generalized Born/surface area (MM-GBSA) solvation model and multi-ligand bimolecular association with energetics (eMBrAcE). Structure activity relationship models were developed between the antimalarial activity (log RA) and molecular descriptors like docking score and binding free energy. For both the cases the r (2) was in the range of 0.538-0.688 indicating good data fit and r(cv)(2) was in the range of 0.525-0.679 indicating that the predictive capabilities of the models were acceptable. Besides, a scheme similar to linear response was used to develop free energy of binding (FEB) relationship based on electrostatic (Delta G(ele)), van der Waal (Delta G(vdW)) and surface accessible surface area (SASA), which can express the activity of these artemisinin derivatives. It has been seen that Delta G(vdW) has most significant correlation to the activity (log RA) and electrostatic energy (Delta G(ele)) has less significant correlation. It indicates that the binding of these artemisinin derivatives to PfATP6 is almost hydrophobic. Low levels of root mean square error for the majority of inhibitors establish the docking, Prime/MM-GBSA and eMBrAcE based prediction model is an efficient tool for generating more potent and specific inhibitors of PfATP6 by testing rationally designed lead compound based on artemisinin derivatization.

O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O

prime mm-gbsa
sarco/endoplasmic reticulum


Equalizer: A Scalable Parallel Rendering Framework Continuing improvements in CPU and GPU performances as well as increasing multicore processor and cluster-based parallelism demand for flexible and scalable parallel rendering solutions that can exploit multipipe hardware accelerated graphics. In fact, to achieve interactive visualization, scalable rendering systems are essential to cope with the rapid growth of data sets. However, parallel rendering systems are nontrivial to develop and often only application specific implementations have been proposed. The task of developing a scalable parallel rendering framework is even more difficult if it should be generic to support various types of data and visualization applications and at the same time work efficiently on a cluster with distributed graphics cards. In this paper, we introduce a novel system called Equalizer, a toolkit for scalable parallel rendering based on OpenGL, which provides an application programming interface (API) to develop scalable graphics applications for a wide range of systems ranging from large distributed visualization clusters and multiprocessor multipipe graphics systems to single-processor single-pipe desktop machines. We describe the system architecture and the basic API, discuss its advantages over previous approaches, and present sample configurations and usage scenarios as well as scalability results.

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

scalable visualization
cluster graphics
immersive environments
display walls


Apparent ridges for line drawing Three-dimensional shape can be drawn using a variety of feature lines, but none of the current definitions alone seem to capture all visually-relevant lines. We introduce a new definition of feature lines based on two perceptual observations. First, human perception is sensitive to the variation of shading, and since shape perception is little affected by lighting and reflectance modification, we should focus on normal variation. Second, view-dependent lines better convey smooth surfaces. From this we define view-dependent curvature as the variation of the surface normal with respect to a viewing screen plane, and apparent ridges as the loci of points that maximize a view-dependent curvature. We present a formal definition of apparent ridges and an algorithm to render line drawings of 3D meshes. We show that our apparent ridges encompass or enhance aspects of several other feature lines.

O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O


Extending the UML concepts to transform natural language queries with fuzzy semantics into SQL ? Database applications tend toward getting more versatile and broader to comply with the expansion of various organizations. However, nave users usually suffer from accessing data arbitrarily by using formal query languages. Therefore, we believe that accessing databases using natural language constructs will become a popular interface in the future. The concept of object-oriented modeling makes the real world to be well represented or expressed in some kinds of logical form. Since the class diagram in UML is used to model the static relationships of databases, in this paper, we intend to study how to extend the UML class diagram representations to capture natural language queries with fuzzy semantics. By referring to the conceptual schema throughout the class diagram representation, we propose a methodology to map natural language constructs into the corresponding class diagram and employ Structured Object Model (SOM) methodology to transform the natural language queries into SQL statements for query executions. Moreover, our approach can handle queries containing vague terms specified in fuzzy modifiers, like good or bad. By our approach, users obtain not only the query answers but also the corresponding degree of vagueness, which can be regarded as the same way we are thinking.

O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

natural language query
object-oriented modeling
fuzzy set theory


Strategies for implementation and validation of on-line models for multivariate monitoring and control of wood chip properties Here we present an approach for on-line control and monitoring of pulpwood chip properties based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. In addition, this paper suggests how to deal with large multivariate data sets in order to extract information which can be used as a basis for changes in raw material or process conditions in the drive towards more optimal intermediate or end product properties within the pulp and paper industry. The pulpwood chips used as raw material in a pulp and paper making process were characterized at- and on-line using NIR spectroscopic measurements. Collected NIR spectra were used in mulitivariate calibration models for prediction of the moisture content as well as the between- and within-species variation in the studied raw material. Statistical experimental design was used to form a calibration data set including most of the variation occurring in a 'real' on-line situation. NIR spectra for all designed samples were measured at-line and the estimated calibration models were used for carrying out predictions on-line. Predictions of the moisture content (% dry weight) as well as the percentage contents of pine and sawmill chips in the raw material were carried out using partial least squares projections to latent structures (PLS) methodology. NIR spectra were collected subsequently on-line once every minute, and, to reduce the problem with noise in the time series predictions, the measured signals were filtered using a moving average of 100 predicted values. This provided smoother predictions more suitable for process monitoring and control. To validate the quality of the predictions, wood chips from the studied process were sampled and analysed in the laboratory before being subjected to predictions in the on-line model. Comparison of the filtered on-line predictions with the results obtained from the laboratory measurements indicated that moisture and pine chip contents could be well predicted by the on-line model, while predictions of sawmill chip content showed less promising results. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

process monitoring
nir
pls
statistical experimental design

process control
performance monitoring
on-line
design of experiments (doe)
mspc


computation of nonclassical shocks using a spacetime discontinuous galerkin method We present a numerical study for two systems of conservation laws using a spacetime discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) method with causal spacetime triangulations and the piecewise constant Galerkin basis. The SDG method is consistent with the weak formulation of conservation laws, and, in the case of strictly hyperbolic systems, also with the Lax entropy condition. Convergence of the method was shown for a special class of hyperbolic systems (Temple systems).The initial data we consider lead to nonclassical shocks. The first part of our study is for the Keyfitz-Kranzer system. We compute the SDG solutions approximating overcompressive and singular shocks, and note that our results are consistent with those obtained by [Sanders, and Sever 2003] using a finite difference scheme. The second system we consider is an approximation of a three-phase flow in the petroleum reservoirs. Numerical solutions for this system were computed by [Schecter, Plohr, and Marchesin 2004] using the Dafermos regularization and a technique for numerical solving of ordinary differential equations. We compute the SDG approximation to a solution containing a transitional shock.We note that even though convergence of the SDG method was shown so far only for Temple systems, numerical examples herewith show that it can be used successfully in approximating solutions of more general conservation laws.

O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

conservation laws
discontinuous galerkin
shocks


Stability of periodic solutions for an SIS model with pulse vaccination Pulse vaccination is an important strategy for the elimination of infectious diseases. A mathematical SIS model with pulse vaccination is formulated in this paper. The dynamical behavior of the model is studied, and the basic reproductive number R-o is defined. It is proved that the disease-free periodic solution is stable if R-o 1. The global stability of the disease-free periodic solution is studied and sufficient condition is obtained. The existence and stability of the endemic periodic solution are investigated analytically and numerically. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

B O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

pulse vaccination
periodic solution
basic reproductive number
stability


SYNTHETIC OVERSAMPLING OF INSTANCES USING CLUSTERING Imbalanced data sets in the class distribution is common to many real world applications. As many classifiers tend to degrade their performance over the minority class, several approaches have been proposed to deal with this problem. In this paper, we propose two new cluster-based oversampling methods, SOT-C and SOI-CJ. The proposed methods create clusters from the minority class instances and generate synthetic instances inside those clusters. In contrast with other oversampling methods, the proposed approaches avoid creating new instances in majority class regions. They are more robust to noisy examples (the number of new instances generated per cluster is proportional to the cluster's size). The clusters are automatically generated. Our new methods do not need tuning parameters, and they can deal both with numerical and nominal attributes. The two methods were tested with twenty artificial datasets and twenty three datasets from the UCI Machine Learning repository. For our experiments, we used six classifiers and results were evaluated with recall, precision, F-measure, and AUC measures, which are more suitable for class imbalanced datasets. We performed ANOVA and paired t-tests to show that the proposed methods are competitive and in many cases significantly better than the rest of the oversampling methods used during the comparison.

O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O


The case of sculpting atmospheres: towards design principles for expressive tangible interaction in control of ambient systems According to the vision of Ambient Intelligence, technology will seamlessly merge into peoples everyday activities and environments. A challenge facing designers of such systems is to create interfaces that fit in peoples everyday contexts and incorporate the values of daily life. This paper focuses on tangible expressive interaction as one possible approach towards linking everyday experiences to intuitive forms of interaction and presents a number of principles for expressive interaction design in this field. A case study of a tangible expressive interface to control a living room atmosphere projection system (orchestrating living room lighting, audio and video-art) is presented to illustrate and reflect upon the design principles. Furthermore, the case study describes possible techniques towards integrating the design principles into a design method.

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O

tangible expressive interaction
design principles


Reduction of sizes of decision diagrams by autocorrelation functions This paper discusses optimization of decisions diagrams (DDs) by total autocorrelation functions. We present an efficient algorithm for construction of Linearly Transformed Binary Decision Diagrams (LT-BDDs) and Linearly transformed multiterminal BDDs (LT-MTBDDs) for systems of Boolean functions, based on linearization of these functions by the corresponding autocorrelation functions. Then, we present a method for reduction of sizes of DDs by a level-by-level reduction of the width of DDs using the total autocorrelation functions. The approach provides for a simple procedure for minimization of LT-BDDs and LT-MTBDDs and upper bounds on their sizes. Experimental results for benchmarks illustrate that the proposed method on average is very efficient.

O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

decision diagrams
autocorrelation functions

logic synthesis
spectral techniques
linear transforms


Wearable training system with real-time biofeedback and gesture user interface Wearable computing and sensors are becoming increasingly prevalent in our daily lives. This paper presents a wearable training system designed to facilitate the learning process of proper movement patterns in sports training. The system implements a gesture user interface and real-time biofeedback. The feedback loop consists of one or more body-attached motion sensors, a processing device and a biofeedback device that are interconnected through low-latency communication channels. Due to the diverse number of possible applications, a flexible system architecture, which includes several different system versions, is proposed. Operation of the system is driven by user gestures. To demonstrate the concept of the proposed real-time biofeedback training system, an application for golf swing training is developed. The application implements the system using smartphone motion sensors and audio biofeedback and aids golfers in correcting unwanted head movements during a golf swing. The application is driven by a gesture user interface. During the golf swing, the application provides users with real-time audio feedback that signals head movement errors. The field test results show that the developed application can be used as an efficient tool in golf swing training.

O O O O O O O B I I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

wearable computing
motion sensors
smartphone
gesture user interface


Client/server messaging protocols in serverless environments In this paper we discuss the adaptation of TCP transport-oriented clientserver messaging protocols to many-to-many peer-to-peer networking environments more suitable for deployment in dynamic wireless networks capable of multicast forwarding. We describe four main issues in adapting such protocols: exposing a network server for receiving TCP session data; the creation of server-side semantic proxies to process the messages and adapt to a serverless environment; service discovery to enable the discovery of necessary services on the network and to maintain the network state; and finally support for multicast interfaces for the transportation of messages amongst peers. We show that our system, called GUMP, can be used to support such protocol adaptations and to illustrate we use GUMP to implement an XMPP proxy allowing existing off-the-shelf XMPP client software to dynamically create and operate multi-user chat sessions in a serverless network environment. We then present two sets of results that show how appropriate discovery systems and transport protocols can dramatically increase the success of protocols, such as XMPP, within a mobile wireless networked environment. Specifically, we first demonstrate that a GUMP supported discovery system, INDI, can significantly increase the success rates and decrease latency of discovering services through profiles, caching and retrying schemes. Second, we show that success rates for XMPP transmission of messages can be vastly improved through the use of multicast as apposed to TCP within the mobile environment. These two factors provide strong empirical support for the justification of GUMP in its ability to adapt between a clientserver and serverless world.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

serverless chat
ws-notification
slp
jmdns
peer-to-peer
norm


An incremental-encoding evolutionary algorithm for color reduction in images Color reduction in images is an important problem in image processing, since it is a pre-processing step in applications such as image segmentation or compression. Different methods have been proposed in the literature, several of them involving nature-inspired algorithms such as neural networks. However, not many works involving evolutionary computation techniques have been applied to this problem. This paper proposes a novel evolutionary algorithm to tackle the color reduction of RGB images. The proposed evolutionary algorithm incorporates a procedure called incremental-encoding, consisting in starting the image quantization with a small number of colors, and including additional colors in a gradual form, until reaching the final number of quantization colors. In the experiments carried out we show that the incremental-encoding evolutionary algorithm improves the performance of the standard evolutionary algorithm in this problem. Also we show that it obtains better results than several existing color reduction techniques for color quantization problems.

O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O

evolutionary algorithms
incremental-encoding
dithering


Location verification and trust management for resilient geographic routing In this paper, we consider the security of geographic routing (GR) protocols. In GR, neighbors exchange their location information. Based on this information, a node forwards packets to the neighbor that is closest to the destination. Although GR is widely used in ad hoc and wireless sensor networks, its security has rarely been studied; there are a number of attacks that are possible on GR. In one attack, misbehaving nodes can falsify their location information. Also, malicious nodes can drop packets that they need to forward towards the destination. The first contribution of the paper is to propose a location verification algorithm to address the attacks falsifying the location information. The second contribution of the paper is to propose approaches for trust-based multi-path routing, aiming to defeat attacks on GR. We discuss the proposed approaches in detail, outlining possible attacks and defenses against them. In addition, we show, via simulation, how trust-based route selection is able to circumvent attackers and route around them. This paper summarizes and extends results reported by the authors in a previous article [K.-D.K. Nael, B. Abu-Ghazaleh, K. Liu, Towards resilient routing in WSNs, in: Proceedings of the First IEEE/ACM Workshop on QoS and Security in Wireless Networks (Q2SWinet 2005), 2005, pp. 71-78]. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

B I O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

geographic routing
location verification
trust management


Beyond economics for guiding large public policy issues: Lessons from the Bell System divestiture and the California electricity crisis During the summer (2000), wholesale electricity prices in California were approximately 500% higher than those during the same months in 19981999. This study finds that the price hike has occurred due to an increase in fuel prices and real demand. The change of the two market fundamentals explains 45.73% of the price increase and fluctuation during the crisis. The responsibility of energy utility firms is 21.41%. The policy implication regarding the California electricity crisis is different from well-known economic studies which have attributed the price hike to the exercise of market power. The difference points up a need for drawing on researchers from multiple disciplines who are capable of checking each other's methodologies in guiding large policy decisions. This need was suggested by Professor Cooper regarding the AT&T breakup two decades ago.

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


IT acceptance in a less-developed country: a motivational factor perspective Under-developed countries are recognizing the importance of information technology (IT). Studies show that many systems in these countries are under-utilized. This study examines factors that motivate users to accept technology. Data was collected from 143 computer users in Nigeria. The results suggest that social pressure is an important factor affecting technology acceptance.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O

under developed countries
information systems


Identifying the classical music composition of an unknown performance with wavelet dispersion vector and neural nets ? As the internet search evolves toward multimedia content based search and information retrieval, audio content identification and retrieval will likely become one of the key components of next generation internet search machines. In this paper we consider the specific problem of identifying the classical music composition of an unknown performance of the composition. We develop and evaluate a wavelet based methodology for this problem. Our methodology combines a novel music information (audio content) descriptor, the wavelet dispersion vector, with neural net assessment of the similarity between unknown query vectors and known (example set) vectors. We define the wavelet dispersion vector as the histogram of the rank orders obtained by the wavelet coefficients of a given wavelet scale among all the coefficients (of all scales at a given time instant). We demonstrate that the wavelet dispersion vector precisely characterizes the audio content of a performance of a classical music composition while achieving good generalization across different performances of the composition. We examine the identification performance of a combination of 39 different wavelets and three different types of neural nets. We find that our wavelet dispersion vector calculated with a biorthogonal wavelet in conjunction with a probabilistic radial basis neural net trained by only three independent example performances correctly identifies approximately 78% of the unknown performances.

O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

classical music
generalization
identification
neural net
wavelet

audio content description
internet search machine
music information retrieval


Alienor method for global optimization with a large number of variables Purpose - To show the usefulness of the Alienor method when applied to the global optimization problems that depend on large number of variables. Design/methodology/approach - The approach is to use reducing transformations. The first is due to Cherruault and the second to Mora. Findings - It was found that the Alienor method was very efficient and reliable in solving global optimization problems of many variables. Results produced to confirm this conclusion. Research limitations/implications - The numerical results presented showed that the Alienor method was suitable for finding global minimum even in the case of a very large number of variables. The research provides a new methodology for solving such problems. Practical implications - No other method, we believe, can obtain such results in so short a time for hundreds or even thousands of variables. Originality/value - The new approach relies on the originality of both the Cherruault and the Mora transformations and their earlier invention of the Alienor method.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

cybernetics
modelling
optimization techniques