Two-way cooperative prediction for collaborative filtering recommendations The two of the most famous techniques in collaborative filtering (CF) are the so-called User-Based CF and Item-Based CF. in this paper, we claim that each of them takes only one-directional information from the user-item ratings matrix to generate recommendations. In other words the former combines user similarities and the latter tries to make a prediction by utilizing item similarities. We can observe the same appearance in the other CF area using binary user-item matrix in which transactions, i.e. purchase (1) or non-purchase (0), are marked. It means that we may use only half of the total information from the given data set. Completing the missing part of usable information we proposed a new prediction method, two-way cooperative CF which takes both vertical and horizontal information, in the ensemble respect. The proposed prediction scheme does not fix its CF technique but associates two predictions, which come from different CF algorithms, by weighted averaging. To decide fair weights the four cases, equivalent case, user-winning case, item-winning case, and prediction-impossible case are categorized by measuring the amount of information which each CF utilizes, or the degree of the reliability of a prediction model. We also embedded bagging in our prediction frame to make more accurate predictions. Numerical experiments showed that the proposed method outperformed in terms of prediction accuracy and robustness to data sparseness based on both ratings and binary user-item matrix. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Necessary optimality conditions for fuzzy variational problems The main aims of this study are to derive the fuzzy EulerLagrange conditions for both fuzzy unconstrained and constrained variational problems based on the concepts of differentiability and integrability of a fuzzy mapping that may be parameterized by the left and right-hand functions of its ? ? -level sets.

O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fuzzy variational problems
fuzzy eulerlagrange conditions


Digital media information base This paper surveys recent research activities on three major areas of digital media information base, namely, video database systems as a typical example of temporal application, database systems for mixed reality as an instance of spatial application, and kansei management for digital media retrieval as a case of humanistic feelings application. Current research results by the project Advanced Database Systems for Integration of Media and User Environments are reported.

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

digital media
database systems
mixed reality
kansei

multimedia information base
video database
vrml


Neuro-fuzzy MIMO nonlinear control for ceramic roller kiln Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and neuro-fuzzy systems (NFSs) have been widely used in modeling and control of many practical industrial nonlinear processes. However, most of them have concentrated on single-output systems only. In this paper, we present a comparative study using ANNs and co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) in modeling a real, complicated multi-inputmulti-output (MIMO) nonlinear temperature process of roller kiln used in ceramic tile manufacturing line. Using this study, we prove that CANFIS is better suited for modeling the temperature process in control phase. After that, a neural network (NN) controller has been developed to control the above mentioned temperature process due to a feedback control diagram. The designed controller performance is tested by a Visual C++ project and the resulting numerical data shows that this controller can work accurately and reliably when the roller kiln set-point temperature set changes.

O O O B O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

multi-inputmulti-output nonlinear temperature process


Embedding meshes into crossed cubes Crossed cubes are important variants of hypercubes. In this paper, we consider embeddings of meshes in crossed cubes. The major research findings in this paper are: (1) For any integer n?1, a 22n?1 mesh can be embedded in the n-dimensional crossed cube with dilation 1 and expansion 1. (2) For any integer n?4, two node-disjoint 42n?3 meshes can be embedded in the n-dimensional crossed cube with dilation 1 and expansion 2. The obtained results are optimal in the sense that the dilations of the embeddings are 1. The embedding of the 22n?1 mesh is also optimal in terms of expansion because it has the smallest expansion 1.

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O B O

crossed cube
mesh
embedding
dilation
expansion


Detection of stator winding faults in induction machines using flux and vibration analysis The use of internal flux sensor is characterized as being a new proposal. Vibration and flux are used to distinguish short-circuit and unbalanced voltage. Envelope analysis proved to be very useful in the verification of the frequencies. Clear variations of specific frequency's amplitude identify the studied faults. The used techniques can be complementary and applied to more complex cases.

O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

magnetic flux
three-phase induction motors


Toward a testbed for evaluating computational trust models: experiments and analysis We propose a generic testbed for evaluating social trust models and we show how existing models can fit our tesbed. To showcase the flexibility of our design, we implemented a prototype and evaluated three trust algorithms, namely EigenTrust, PeerTrust and Appleseed, for their vulnerabilites to attacks and compliance to various trust properties. For example, we were able to exhibit discrepancies between EigenTrust and PeerTrust, as well as trade-offs between resistance to slandering attacks versus self-promotion.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

trust testbed
reputation
multi-agent systems


Human emotion and cognition recognition from body language of the head using soft computing techniques To make a computer interface more usable, enjoyable, and effective, it should be able to recognize emotions of its human counterpart. This paper explores new ways to infer the users emotions and cognitions from the combination of facial expression (happy, angry, or sad), eye gaze (direct or averted), and head movement (direction and frequency). All of the extracted information is taken as input data and soft computing techniques are applied to infer emotional and cognitional states. The fuzzy rules were defined based on the opinion of an expert in psychology, a pilot group and annotators. Although the creation of the fuzzy rules are specific to a given culture, the idea of integrating the different modalities of the body language of the head is generic enough to be used by any particular target user group from any culture. Experimental results show that this method can be used to successfully recognize 10 different emotions and cognitions.

O O O B I O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

cognition recognition
body language of the head

emotion recognition
fuzzy inference systems
humancomputer intelligent interaction


Role of knowledge conversion and social networks in team performance This study aims to find out how different processes of knowledge management and patterns of social networking affect team performance. Our data on teams originate from a sample of different organizations from a variety of both public and private industries in Finland (76 teams; 499 employees). One of the main deficiencies in the current literature on knowledge and networks is that they tend to concentrate on specific types of teams in a single organization context. Our aim was to put the team phenomenon into an everyday context by analysing the interplay of knowledge creation and social networks in teams which function on a permanent basis in a variety of industry contexts. Both knowledge creation and social networking contributed to performance, but the results showed that whereas team members see the knowledge conversion processes as central to performance, top management emphasize the importance of social networks in value creation. In our examination, lively interaction between team members, combined with team leaders intra-organizational networks, contributed to team performance.

O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B

knowledge management
social networks
teams
performance


Relationships between memory models There have been many proposals of shared memory systems, each one providing different types of memory coherence for interprocess communication. However, they have usually been defined using different formalisms. This makes it difficult to compare among them the different proposals put forward. In this paper we present a formal framework for specifying memory models with different coherency properties. We specify most of the known shared memory models using our framework, showing some of the relationships that hold among them. (C) 2004, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

formal methods
consistency models
distributed systems
concurrency


Error exponents for maximum-likelihood and successive decoders for the Gaussian CDMA channel Random-coding error exponents are derived for the Gaussian code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channel for the maximum-likelihood and optimum successive decoders. Error exponents not only specify the capacity region of the channel, which is known, but also give lower bounds on the rate of exponential decay of the average probability of error as a function of the block length of random codes. A comparison of the two decoders in terms of their error exponents is included.

B I O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O

gaussian multiple-access channel
multiaccess
random coding
successive decoding


A p-Median approach for predicting drug response in tumour cells The complexity of biological data related to the genetic origins of tumour cells, originates significant challenges to glean valuable knowledge that can be used to predict therapeutic responses. In order to discover a link between gene expression profiles and drug responses, a computational framework based on Consensus p-Median clustering is proposed. The main goal is to simultaneously predict (in silico) anticancer responses by extracting common patterns among tumour cell lines, selecting genes that could potentially explain the therapy outcome and finally learning a probabilistic model able to predict the therapeutic responses.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

p-median clustering
bayesian networks
drug response prediction


Detection of Retinal Blood Vessels Based on Nonlinear Projections An automated method for blood vessel segmentation is presented in this paper. The approach uses the nonlinear orthogonal projection to capture the features of vessel networks, and derives a novel local adaptive thresholding algorithm for vessel detection. By embedding in a kind of image decomposition model, the selection of system parameter which reflects the size of concerned convex set is examined. This approach differs from previously known methods in that it uses matched filtering, vessel tracking or supervised methods. The algorithm was tested on two publicly available databases: the DRIVE and the STARE. By comparison with hand-labeled ground truth, an average accuracy of 96.1% is achieved on the former database, and an average accuracy of 90.8% is achieved on the later database.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

vessel detection
nonlinear orthogonal projection
image decomposition
adaptive thresholding


A modular approach to 3-D impact computation with frictional contact An approach suitable for 3-D impact computation with a large number of unilateral friction contact surfaces is presented. Applications concern connection refined models for which the structure components are assumed to be elastic. It is a modular approach based on a mixed domain decomposition method and the LATIN method. The resolution process is iterative and operates over the entire time-space domain. Several examples are finally analyzed to show the method's capability of describing shocks.

O O O O O B B O B I O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


An Hadamard operation on rational relations We consider a new operation on the family of binary relations on integers called Hadamard star. View a binary relation R?NN R ? N N as a mapping of N N into the power set of N N and let R(n) R ( n ) denote the subset of integers m such that (n,m)?R ( n , m ) ? R . Then the Hadamard star of R is the relation which assigns to each integer n the Kleene star of R(n) R ( n ) . This is reminiscent of the Hadamard inverse of series with coefficients in a field. We characterize the rational relations whose Hadamard star is also rational and show that this property is decidable.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O

finite automata
binary rational relations on integers
rational series
hadamard product
decidability


A sparse evaluation technique for detailed semantic analyses ? We propose a new sparse evaluation technique. The proposed technique can be effectively applicable to abstract interpretation-based semantic analyses. We show that our technique effectively improves the scalability of an industrial-strength static analyzer.

O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

static analysis
abstract interpretation
data-flow analysis


Multiparty Access Control for Online Social Networks: Model and Mechanisms Online social networks (OSNs) have experienced tremendous growth in recent years and become a de facto portal for hundreds of millions of Internet users. These OSNs offer attractive means for digital social interactions and information sharing, but also raise a number of security and privacy issues. While OSNs allow users to restrict access to shared data, they currently do not provide any mechanism to enforce privacy concerns over data associated with multiple users. To this end, we propose an approach to enable the protection of shared data associated with multiple users in OSNs. We formulate an access control model to capture the essence of multiparty authorization requirements, along with a multiparty policy specification scheme and a policy enforcement mechanism. Besides, we present a logical representation of our access control model that allows us to leverage the features of existing logic solvers to perform various analysis tasks on our model. We also discuss a proof-of-concept prototype of our approach as part of an application in Facebook and provide usability study and system evaluation of our method.

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

social network
security model
policy specification and management


Antecedents of use-continuance in information systems: Toward an inegrative view The effectiveness of investment in information system (IS) can be partly explained by the continuous usage of installed systems. Therefore, the research on IS user retention is important from both practical and academic perspectives. In order to develop an integrative model for IS users' continued usage, this paper explores the main antecedents that cause the retention of IS users. In addition to attitude, the integrative model links previous behavior like habit and behavioral control belief like switching cost, to IS continuance intention. For an empirical exploration, 345 samples were collected from the users of a web portal site. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling shows that IS quality in terms of desire congruency and expectation congruency has a direct effect on attribute satisfaction. The attribute satisfaction shows a significant effect on continuance intention mediated by the attitude toward use-continuance. Lastly, it is found that switching cost has a significant direct effect on continuance intention while habit has an indirect effect via switching cost.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O

is continuance
is quality
satisfaction
attitude
habit


energy-aware instruction-set customization for real-time embedded multiprocessor systems This paper presents a method to customize instruction-set for configurable multiprocessors under a given silicon area budget so that total dynamic energy consumption is minimized when dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is employed. The proposed method is based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to select the optimal processor configurations for real-time tasks from custom instruction candidates. We have evaluated the proposed method using real-life applications and commercial configurable processors. The results show that the optimally configured multiprocessors by our method has up to 23.2\% reduction of dynamic energy consumption in comparison with the multiprocessors configured by a conventional approach.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


a proposal for a new communication medium in the classroom We propose an innovative way to facilitate student's communication during in-class collaborative exercises using an embedded device as a means to enhance students' interaction in the group. We first describe how the prototype version of the system has been built to be as versatile as possible. We discuss the current state of the system both from the student and the professor perspectives. We discuss the necessary developments this system must have to be used for a large class setting. We believe that, once moved from prototype to full working system, such a system has the potential to provide a unique pedagogical environment that could be adapted for disciplines other than computer science.

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

collaborative learning
cs1/2
embedded devices


Classification

via

Minimum

Incremental

Coding

Length

We

present

a

simple

new

criterion

for

classification,

based

on

principles

from

lossy

data

compression.

The

criterion

assigns

a

test

sample

to

the

class

that

uses

the

minimum

number

of

additional

bits

to

code

the

test

sample,

subject

to

an

allowable

distortion.

We

demonstrate

the

asymptotic

optimality

of

this

criterion

for

Gaussian

distributions

and

analyze

its

relationships

to

classical

classifiers.

The

theoretical

results

clarify

the

connections

between

our

approach

and

popular

classifiers

such

as

maximum

a

posteriori

(MAP),

regularized

discriminant

analysis

(RDA),

k-nearest

neighbor

(k-NN),

and

support

vector

machine

(SVM),

as

well

as

unsupervised

methods

based

on

lossy

coding.

Our

formulation

induces

several

good

effects

on

the

resulting

classifier.

First,

minimizing

the

lossy

coding

length

induces

a

regularization

effect

which

stabilizes

the

(implicit)

density

estimate

in

a

small

sample

setting.

Second,

compression

provides

a

uniform

means

of

handling

classes

of

varying

dimension.

The

new

criterion

and

its

kernel

and

local

versions

perform

competitively

on

synthetic

examples,

as

well

as

on

real

imagery

data

such

as

handwritten

digits

and

face

images.

On

these

problems,

the

performance

of

our

simple

classifier

approaches

the

best

reported

results,

without

using

domain-specific

information.

All

MATLAB

code

and

classification

results

are

publicly

available

for

peer

evaluation

at

B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O

classification
regularization
maximum a posteriori
regularized discriminant analysis


Use of bibliometric modelling for policy making Bibliometric methods for analysing and describing research output have been supported internationally by the establishment and operation of organisations such as the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) as well as the continual calculations and release of journal lists, bibliometric indicators and rankings. Policy makers in Australia have been relying on such bibliometric information and analyses in making funding decisions and encouraging the development of research potential and strengths. Does bibliometric modelling of research productivity reflect the real impact research has for Australia's future? The paper is based on a study of three Australian research centres in the field of the geosciences. The analysis reveals a number of anomalies in the generalisations made when ISI models are used for policy decisions. (c) 2005 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Simulation of cyclic reprocessing buildup on reused medical devices A series of discrete models were developed to study the development of cyclic reprocessing buildup (CRB) on medical devices, and to explore the effect of cleaning efficacy and type of disinfection on the removal of this CRB. A cellular automata (CA) model was used to simulate the development of CRB, including microbial replication and production of extracellular matrix (EM). The process of disinfection (microbes being killed, EM being cross-linked or oxidized, etc.) was also described in the CA model. Next, a stochastic model, Ising's model combined with Monte Carlo methods was used to simulate the removal of CRB from a surface by cleaning. These models were developed to simulate the persistent residual CRB that occurs on reused medical devices such as flexible endoscopes, to determine how well the various microbes survive in the CRB during disinfection and cleaning, and to predict the efficiency of disinfectants to kill microbes within the CRB. The CRB model will help evaluate cleaning methods to identify those that will reduce/eliminate the CRB from occurring; thereby reducing the infection transmission potential in clinical procedures involving reprocessed medical devices.

O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

cyclic reprocessing buildup
cellular automata


Writeback-Aware Partitioning and Replacement for Last-Level Caches in Phase Change Main Memory Systems Phase-Change Memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising low-power main memory candidate to replace DRAM. The main problems of PCM are that writes are much slower and more power hungry than reads, write bandwidth is much lower than read bandwidth, and limited write endurance. Adding an extra layer of cache, which is logically the last-level cache (LLC), can mitigate the drawbacks of PCM. However, writebacks from the LLC might (a) overwhelm the limited PCM write bandwidth and stall the application, (b) shorten lifetime, and (c) increase energy consumption. Cache partitioning and replacement schemes are important to achieve high throughput for multi-core systems. However, we noted that no existing partitioning and replacement policy takes into account the writeback information. This paper proposes two writeback-aware schemes to manage the LLC for PCM main memory systems. Writeback-aware Cache Partitioning (WCP) is a runtime mechanism that partitions a shared LLC among multiple applications. Unlike past partitioning schemes, our scheme considers the reduction in cache misses as well as writebacks. Write Queue Balancing (WQB) replacement policy manages the cache partition of each application intelligently so that the writebacks are distributed evenly among PCM write queues. In this way, applications rarely stall due to unbalanced PCM write traffic among write queues. Our evaluation shows that WCP and WQB result in, on average, 21% improvement in throughput, 49% reduction in PCM writes, and 14% reduction in energy over a state-of-the-art cache partitioning scheme.

O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O

design
performance
shared cache
phase change memory


Stable rankings for different effort models There exists a large and growing number of proposed estimation methods but little conclusive evidence ranking one method over another. Prior effort estimation studies suffered from "conclusion instability", where the rankings offered to different methods were not stable across (a) different evaluation criteria; (b) different data sources; or (c) different random selections of that data. This paper reports a study of 158 effort estimation methods on data sets based on COCOMO features. Four "best" methods were detected that were consistently better than the "rest" of the other 154 methods. These rankings of "best" and "rest" methods were stable across (a) three different evaluation criteria applied to (b) multiple data sets from two different sources that were (c) divided into hundreds of randomly selected subsets using four different random seeds. Hence, while there exists no single universal "best" effort estimation method, there appears to exist a small number (four) of most useful methods. This result both complicates and simplifies effort estimation research. The complication is that any future effort estimation analysis should be preceded by a "selection study" that finds the best local estimator. However, the simplification is that such a study need not be labor intensive, at least for COCOMO style data sets.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O


Ontology-based computational intelligent multi-agent and its application to CMMI assessment This study presents an ontology-based computational intelligent multi-agent system for Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) assessment. An ontology model is developed to represent the CMMI domain knowledge that will be adopted by the computational intelligent multi-agent. The CMMI ontology is predefined by domain experts, and created by the ontology generating system. The computational intelligent multi-agent comprises a natural language processing agent, an ontological reasoning agent and a summary agent. The multi-agent deals with the evaluation reports from the natural language processing agent, infers the term relation strength between the ontology and the evaluation report, and then summarizes the main sentences of the evaluation report. The summary reports are meanwhile transmitted back to the domain expert, which makes the domain expert further adjust the CMMI ontology. Experimental results indicate that the ontology-based computational intelligent multi-agent can effectively summarize the evaluation reports for the CMMI assessment.

O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O

intelligent multi-agent
fuzzy inference
summarization


Numerical scheme to simulate flow through anisotropic rocks in TOUGH2 We have implemented in TOUGH2 and tested a new scheme to deal with anisotropic permeabilities. With the new scheme the axes of the anisotropy can be oblique to the connections between grid blocks. We have tested the program against the analytical Theis solution for anisotropic transmissivity. We have tested the program against another groundwater flow program (Aqua3D). We also have tested our program with various meshes: hexagonal, rectangular and irregular.

B O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Maximizing reward in a non-stationary mobile robot environment The ability of a robot to improve its performance on a task can be critical, especially in poorly known and non-stationary environments where the best action or strategy is dependent upon the current state of the environment. In such systems, a good estimate of the current state of the environment is key to establishing high performance, however quantified. In this paper, we present an approach to state estimation in poorly known and non-stationary mobile robot environments, focusing on its application to a mine collection scenario, where performance is quantified using reward maximization. The approach is based on the use of augmented Markov models (AMMs), a sub-class of semi-Markov processes. We have developed an algorithm for incrementally constructing arbitrary-order AMMs on-line. It is used to capture the interaction dynamics between a robot and its environment in terms of behavior sequences executed during the performance of a task. For the purposes of reward maximization in a non-stationary environment, multiple AMMs monitor events at different timescales and provide statistics used to select the AMM likely to have a good estimate of the environmental state. AMMs with redundant or outdated information are discarded, while attempting to maintain sufficient data to reduce conformation to noise. This approach has been successfully implemented on a mobile robot performing a mine collection task. In the context of this task, we first present experimental results validating our reward maximization performance criterion. We then incorporate our algorithm for state estimation using multiple AMMs, allowing the robot to select appropriate actions based on the estimated state of the environment. The approach is tested first with a physical robot, in a non-stationary environment with an abrupt change, then with a simulation, in a gradually shifting environment.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mobile robots
on-line modeling
collection tasks
non-stationary environments


SNR enhancement in radial SSFP imaging using partial k-space averaging The steady-state free precessing (SSFP) sequences, widely used in MRI today, acquire data only during a short fraction of the repetition time (TR). Thus, they exhibit a poor scan efficiency. In this paper, a novel approach to extending the acquisition window for a given TR without considerably modifying the basic sequence is explored for radial SSFP sequences. The additional data are primarily employed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, rather than to improve the temporal resolution of the imaging. The approach is analyzed regarding its effect on the image SNR (signal to noise ratio) and the reconstruction algorithm. Results are presented for phantom experiments and cardiac functions studies. The gain in SNR is most notable in rapid imaging, since SNR enhancement for a constant repetition time may be used to compensate for the increase in noise resulting from angular undersampling.

B O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

magnetic resonance imaging
radial imaging


A routing defense mechanism using evolutionary game theory for Delay Tolerant Networks A general purpose defense mechanism is proposed against routing attacks on DTNs. Evolutionary game theory is applied to analyze DTNs routing security issues. The initial parameters affect both the convergence speed and the final ESS. The initial strategies of the nodes affect only the game process.

O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

delay tolerant networks
evolutionary game
routing security

routing attack
evolutionary strategy stable


Mobile-Agent-Based Distributed Decision Tree Classification in Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) connect physical sensors that are distributed in the environment. In many applications, the statistical pattern recognition methods, such as decision tree (DT) algorithms, are used to recognize the patterns of the sensor readings. To enable the decision tree classification (DTC) in WSNs, a new distributed decision tree classification (DDTC) algorithm based on mobile agent is proposed in this paper. We organize the conjunctive sets of linear classifiers in DT into groups of operations on attributes. Each group of operations is allocated to a single sensor node. If a mobile agent visits these sensor nodes serially, the recognition result can be acquired step by step. Thus the sensor nodes do not need to transmit all the sensor data to a centralized node where all the data processing is carried out in traditional DTC. In DDTC, if not all the attributes are needed for operation, classification of one instance can finish halfway. Two public data sets are used to evaluate the performance of DTC and DDTC on energy consumption. The simulation results indicate that, compared with the centralized DTC, the DDTC algorithm decreases the number of transmissions, balances the power consumption and computation among sensor nodes, and prolongs the lifetime of the network.

O O B I O O B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mobile agent
decision tree
wireless sensor networks
energy consumption


use of contextualized attention metadata for ranking and recommending learning objects The tools used to search and find Learning Objects in different systems do not provide a meaningful and scalable way to rank or recommend learning material. This work propose and detail the use of Contextual Attention Metadata, gathered from the different tools used in the lifecycle of the Learning Object, to create ranking and recommending metrics to improve the user experience. Four types of metrics are detailed: Link Analysis Ranking, Similarity Recommendation, Personalized Ranking and Contextual Recommendation. While designed for Learning Objects, it is shown that these metrics could also be applied to rank and recommend other types of reusable components like software libraries.

O O O B I O B O B B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ranking
learning objects
recommending
attention metadata


Encoding of still pictures by wavelet transform with vector quantization using a rough fuzzy neural network In this paper color image compression using a fuzzy Hopfield-model net based on rough-set reasoning is created to generate optimal codebook based on Vector Quantization (VQ) in Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The main purpose is to embed rough-set learning scheme into the fuzzy Hopfield network to construct a compression system named Rough Fuzzy Hopfield Net (RFHN). First a color image is decomposed into 3-D pyramid structure with various frequency bands. Then the RFHN is used to create different codebooks for various bands. The energy function of RFHN is defined as the upper- and lower-bound fuzzy membership grades between training samples and codevectors. Finally, near global-minimum codebooks in frequency domain can be obtained when the energy function converges to a stable state. Therefore, only 3 x 2/N pixels are selected as the training samples if a 3 x N-dimensional color image was used. In the simulation results, the proposed network not only reduces the consuming time but also preserves the compression performance.

O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

color image compression
wavelet transform
vector quantization


skew management of nbti impacted gated clock trees NBTI (Negative Bias Temperature Instability) has emerged as the dominant failure mechanism for PMOS in nanometer IC designs. However, its impact on one of the most important components of modern IC design - the clock tree - has not been researched enough. Clock gating impacts the extent of NBTI induced V TH degradation of clock buffers leading to clock skew violation. Our work proposes a practical design-time technique of selecting NAND or NOR gate as output stage of integrated clock gating (ICG) cells with the objective of minimizing NBTI induced clock skew. This selection intelligently modulates the signal probability and delay equation of clock signal paths with no extra hardware penalty. We formulate the skew minimization problem as an integer linear program (ILP). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method as the NBTI induced clock skew is reduced by more than 74\% compared to traditional method.

O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O


System-of-Systems Engineering Management: A Review of Modern History and a Path Forward As our knowledge of system of systems (SoS) has grown and evolved, so has our understanding of how to engineer and manage them. In systems engineering, we develop architectures and frameworks to bring meaning to this kind of uncertainty, but for SoS engineering (SoSE) we are still in search of how we can structure this understanding. In this paper, we review the SoS literature to illustrate the need to create an SoSE management framework based on the demands of constant technological progress in a complex dynamic environment. We conclude from this review that the history and evolution of defining SoS has shown that: 1) SoS can be defined by distinguishing characteristics and 2) SoS can be viewed as a network where the "best practices" of network management can be applied to SoSE. We use these two theories as a foundation for our objective to create an effective SoSE management framework. To accomplish this, we utilize modified fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security (FCAPS) network principles (SoSE management conceptual areas). Furthermore, cited distinguishing characteristics of SoS are also used to present a SoSE management framework. We conclude with a case analysis of this framework using a known and well-documented SoS (i.e., Integrated Deepwater System) to illustrate how to better understand, engineer, and manage within the domain of SoSE.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fault configuration accounting performance

system-of-system engineering (sose) management conceptual areas

system-of-systems engineering management framework

system-of-system engineering management matrix (sosemm)


A generic quantitative approach to the scheduling of synchronous packets in a shared uplink wireless channel The scheduling logic at the base station of a shared wireless medium supports time-dependent (synchronous) applications by allocating timely transmission grants. To this end, it must take into account not only the deadlines of the pending packets, but also the channel conditions for each potential sender, the requirements of nonsynchronous applications, and the packet retransmission strategy. With respect to these factors, we identify three scheduling scenarios and show that the scheduler logic faces a different challenge in addressing each of them. We then present a generic scheduling algorithm that translates all the factors relevant to each scenario into a common profit parameter, and selects the most profitable transmission instances.

O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


The impact of electronic medication administration records in a residential aged care home eMAR may not improve documentation efficiency. eMAR may not change nursing time spent on various activities in a medication round. eMAR may improve nurses documentation compliance. eMAR can reduce the possibility of nurses forgetting to medicate a resident. eMAR can cause unintended adverse consequences.

O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

benefit
nursing home
process
unintended adverse consequence


Input devices for web browsing: age and hand effects The work reported in this paper examined performance on a mixed pointing and data entry task using direct and indirect positioning devices for younger, middle-aged, and older adults (n=72) who were experienced mouse users. Participants used both preferred and non-preferred hands to perform an item selection and text entry task simulating a typical web page interaction. Older adults performed more slowly than middle-aged adults who in turn performed more slowly than young adults. Performance efficiency was superior with the mouse for older adults only on the first two trial blocks. Thereafter mouse and light pen yielded equivalent performance. For other age groups, mouse and light pen were equivalent at all points of practice. Contrary to prior research revealing superior performance with a light pen for pure pointing tasks, these results suggest that older adults may initially perform worse with a light pen than a mouse for mixed tasks.

O O O B O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


manipulation d'un zoom haptique continu via un dispo-sitif de substitution sensorielle In order to improve the interactivity of mobile interfaces several solutions have been proposed, including the haptic modality and information visualisation. For the latter, zooming proves to be a powerful tool to compensate for the small size of the screen. Thus, in this study, the first result underlines that the subjects don't have any difficulty to make the distinction between a zoom-in and a zoom-out when they handle a haptic zoom through a sensory substitution device. The second result underlines that the subjects do not handle more than 25 levels and this, even if they have the possibility of handling more (100 or 1000).

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


demand-driven structural testing with dynamic instrumentation Producing reliable and robust software has become one of the most important software development concerns in recent years. Testing is a process by which software quality can be assured through the collection of information. While testing can improve software reliability, current tools typically are inflexible and have high over-heads, making it challenging to test large software projects. In this paper, we describe a new scalable and flexible framework for testing programs with a novel demand-driven approach based on execution paths to implement test coverage. This technique uses dynamic instrumentation on the binary code that can be inserted and removed on-the-fly to keep performance and memory overheads low. We describe and evaluate implementations of the framework for branch, node and defuse testing of Java programs. Experimental results for branch testing show that our approach has, on average, a 1.6 speed up over static instrumentation and also uses less memory.

O O B O B I O O O B B O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O B B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

framework
software development
performance
paper
coverage
robust
software
dynamic instrumentation
reliability
testing
code
process
tools

scalability
code coverage
java programming language
collect
project
flexibility
instrument
informal
evaluation
program
structure
experimentation
implementation
memorialized
software quality
demand-driven instrumentation
structural testing


COMPLEX SEMANTIC NETWORKS Verbal language is a dynamic mental process. Ideas emerge by means of the selection of words from subjective and individual characteristics throughout the oral discourse. The goal of this work is to characterize the complex network of word associations that emerge from an oral discourse from a discourse topic. Because of that, concepts of associative incidence and fidelity have been elaborated and represented the probability of occurrence of pairs of words in the same sentence in the whole oral discourse. Semantic network of words associations were constructed, where the words are represented as nodes and the edges are created when the incidence-fidelity index between pairs of words exceeds a numerical limit (0.001). Twelve oral discourses were studied. The networks generated from these oral discourses present a typical behavior of complex networks and their indices were calculated and their topologies characterized. The indices of these networks obtained from each incidence-fidelity limit exhibit a critical value in which the semantic network has maximum conceptual information and minimum residual associations. Semantic networks generated by this incidence-fidelity limit depict a pattern of hierarchical classes that represent the different contexts used in the oral discourse.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I


Nonlinear weighted measurement fusion Unscented Kalman Filter with asymptotic optimality For the general nonlinear systems, a universal weighted measurement fusion (WMF) algorithm is presented via the Taylor series expansion method. Based on the proposed fusion algorithm and the well-known Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), the WMF-UKF is presented. It is proven that the proposed WMF-UKF asymptotically approaches to the centralized measurement fusion UKF (CMF-UKF) with the increase of the order of Taylor series expansion. So it has the asymptotical global optimality. We find that WMF-UKF has less computational cost than the CMF-UKF does with the increase of the number of sensors. Two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

O B I I B I I O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

weighted measurement fusion
unscented kalman filter
taylor series expansion
asymptotic optimality


Convergence rate analysis of iteractive algorithms for solving variational inequality problems We present a unified convergence rate analysis of iterative methods for solving the variational inequality problem. Our results are based on certain error bounds; they subsume and extend the linear and sublinear rates of convergence established in several previous studies. We also derive a new error bound for gamma-strictly monotone variational inequalities. The class of algorithms covered by our analysis in fairly broad. It includes some classical methods for variational inequalities, e.g., the extragradient, matrix splitting, and proximal point methods. For these methods, our analysis gives estimates not only for linear convergence (which had been studied extensively), but also sublinear, depending on the properties of the solution. In addition, our framework includes a number of algorithms to which previous studies are not applicable, such as the infeasible projection methods, a separation-projection method, (inexact) hybrid proximal point methods, and some splitting techniques. Finally, our analysis covers certain feasible descent methods of optimization, for which similar convergence rate estimates have been recently obtained by Luo [14].

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


A Cross-Domain Multiprocessor System-on-a-Chip for Embedded Real-Time Systems GENESYS Multiprocessor System-on-a-Chip (MPSoC) is the building block of a generic platform for the component-based development of embedded real-time systems in different domains, such as in automotive, aerospace, industrial control, and consumer-electronic applications. The GENESYS MPSoC offers a stable set of domain-independent core services (e.g., common time, message-based communication, and configuration). On top of the core services, higher level services can be implemented by domain-independent and domain-specific system components that customize the platform to the needs of the specific application domain. Through its cross-domain applicability, the GENESYS MPSoC supports the wide reuse of components and realizes the benefits of the economies of scale of the semiconductor technology. Furthermore, the GENESYS MPSoC contributes towards the solution of prevalent technological challenges such as complexity management, robustness, and technology obsolescence. This paper presents the GENESYS MPSoC and provides insights from a prototype implementation, which demonstrates that such a cross-domain MPSoC can be built with today's technology.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

computer architecture
computer interfaces
fault tolerance
multicore processing
real-time systems
system-on-a-chip


Pedestrian Oriented Vehicular Collision Avoidance Support System: P-VCASS In recent years, researchers have studied extensively about vehicle collision avoidance The authors have developed Vehicular Collision Avoidance Support System (VCASS) based on I VC in order to prevent a vehicular collision beforehand The system grasps the relative locations of vehicles by exchanging the C; PS information in each vehicle Then the system warns drivers if it detects some danger of collision VCASS can drastically reduce the potential accidents of vehicular collisions However. VCASS can not avoid collisions between vehicles and pedestrians. but avoid collisions just between vehicles About 30% of fatal accidents by vehicles are happened with pedestrians in Japan So it is necessary to develop a new system for pedestrians his paper deals with collision avoidance between pedestrians and vehicles There are two problems to develop such system First it Is necessary to reduce the power consumption of the pedestrian terminal. because pedestrian terminals have small-sized battery compared with vehicles Second it is necessary to consider the movement characteristic of the pedestrian In this paper. we propose a new Pedestrian-Vehicular Collision Avoidance Support System (P-VCASS) which extends VCASS P-VCASS solves above two problems We show the validity of the proposed system by experiments using some vehicles

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


using hardware counters to automatically improve memory performance In this paper, we introduce a profile-driven online page migration scheme and investigate its impact on the performance of multithreaded applications. We use lightweight, inexpensive plug-in hardware counters to profile the memory access behavior of an application, and then migrate pages to memory local to the most frequently accessing processor. Using the Dyninst runtime instrumentation combined with hardware counters, we were able to add page migration capabilities to the system without having to modify the operating system kernel, or to re-compile application programs. This approach reduced the total number of non-local memory accesses of applications by up to 90\%. Even on a system with small remote to local memory access latency rations, this resulted in up to 16\% improvement in execution time.

O B O O O O O B O O B O O O O B O O B O O O O O O B O O B O B O O O B O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O

processor
applications
use
latency
capabilities
behavior
performance
operating system
hardware
paper
access
runtime
online
scheme

program paging systems memorialized timing instrument profiles multithreading locality


Distributed PIN verification scheme for improving security of mobile devices The main driving force for the rapid acceptance rate of small sized mobile devices is the capability to perform e-commerce transactions at any time and at any place, especially while on the move. There are, however, also weaknesses of this type of e-commerce, often called mobile e-commerce, or m-commerce. Due to their small size and easy portability mobile devices can easily be lost or stolen. Whereas the economic values and privacy threats protected with Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) are not particularly high for normal voice-enabled mobile phones, this is not true any more when phones have developed to Personal Trusted Devices (PTDs). Still, PINs are used also in this new context for authorization and identification purposes. PINs are currently used both for protection of the devices and for authentication, as well as authorization of the users. It is commonly recognized that not many techniques of storing the PINs into the memory of the device or on the SIM card are safe. Even less sophisticated thieves might uncover the PIN inside the stolen mobile devices and for sophisticated thieves uncovering the PIN stored "safely" might be possible. In this paper we propose a new scheme to cope with the problem of uncovering the PIN that reduces the risks of m-commerce. The basic idea is that instead of storing the entire PIN digits (or some hash value) in the mobile device, we store part of the PIN in a remote machine in the network. The PIN verification then involves both the mobile device and the remote machine, which must verify their respective parts of the PIN. Also, the improvements of the security over the existing schemes are shown using a probabilistic model. In the best case, where the probability of discovering the PIN irrespective of the storage scheme is negligible in relation to directly uncovering it, the increase in security is over 1000%.

O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O

mobile device
security
probability
uncover
risks


Higher order discontinuous Galerkin method for acoustic pulse problem We discuss the methodology of the validation of a higher order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme for acoustic computations. That includes an accurate definition of the exact solution in the problem as well as careful study of convergence properties of a higher order DG scheme for a chosen acoustic problem. The efficiency of a higher order scheme will be confirmed for computations on coarse meshes.

O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

computational aeroacoustics
higher order schemes


Greenhouse climate control: an approach for integrated pest management Modern control strategies for greenhouse climate control can be used in order to reduce disease infection and to influence plant development. Within the concept of integrated plant protection, it is necessary to minimise chemical applications. In addition to existing dehumidification strategies, in particular, the use of climate control for integrated pest control requires registration and simulation of climate conditions in the plant canopy. To avoid intensive and expensive technical measurements, it is necessary to describe the energy and mass transport processes within the canopy, the exchange processes between air and plant elements and other surfaces. The basics of a computer-supported anti-botrytis climate control management have been developed based on a plant canopy model.

B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

integrated pest control
greenhouse climate

computer control
modelling
computer simulation


An articulation model for audiovisual speech synthesis - Determination, adjustment, evaluation The authors present a visual articulation model for speech synthesis and a method to obtain it from measured data. This visual articulation model is integrated into MASSY, the Modular Audiovisual Speech SYnthesizer, and used to control visible articulator movements described by six motion parameters: one for the up-down movement of the lower jaw, three for the lips and two for the tongue. The visual articulation model implements the dominance principle as suggested by Lofqvist [Lofqvist, A., 1990. Speech as audible gestures. In: Hardcastle, W.J., Marchal, A. (Eds.), Speech Production and Speech Modeling. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, pp. 289-322]. The parameter values for the model derive from measured articulator positions. To obtain these data, the articulation movements of a female speaker were measured with the 2D-articulograph AG100 and simultaneously filmed. The visual articulation model is adjusted and evaluated by testing word recognition in noise. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

audiovisual speech synthesis
articulation model

auditory-visual speech perception
talking head


Globally distributed component-based software development: an exploratory study of knowledge management and work division Component-based development (CBD) can be an appealing proposition to globally distributed software development teams because of the almost endless possibilities to recombine and reuse components in new products. In particular, it has been suggested that CBD will improve globally distributed software development practices by allowing each site to take ownership of particular components, resulting in reduced inter-site communication and coordination activities. Such an approach may indeed overcome breakdowns in inter-site coordination efforts; however, it may also lessen opportunities to share knowledge between sites and may hamper opportunities to reuse existing components. A case study approach, exploratory in nature, was adopted to explore knowledge aspects in global component-based software development. Evidence collected at several globally distributed CBD projects suggests that the true potential of CBD, which mainly relates to reusing components, can also be achieved when components are developed in a joint manner (i. e. by several sites) by accessing and utilizing expertise regardless of its geographical location. To improve the rate of component reuse, the studied teams developed capabilities in three particular areas: inter-site coordination, communications, and knowledge management. The paper concludes by discussing the links between component reuse, CBD principles and organizational capabilities, and offers managers and engineers some guidelines to consider in their CBD projects.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

component-based development
global software development


On first-order fragments for Mazurkiewicz traces Mazurkiewicz traces form a model for concurrency. Temporal logic and first-order logic are important tools in order to deal with the abstract behavior of such systems. Since typical properties can be described by rather simple logical formulas one is interested in logical fragments. One focus of this paper is unary temporal logic and first-order logic in two variables. Over words, this corresponds to the variety of finite monoids called DA. However, over Mazurkiewicz traces it is crucial whether traces are given as dependence graphs or as partial orders (over words these notions coincide). The main technical contribution is a generalization of important characterizations of DA from words to dependence graphs, whereas the use of partial orders leads to strictly larger classes. As a consequence we can decide whether a first-order formula over dependence graphs is equivalent to a first-order formula in two variables. The corresponding result for partial orders is not known. This difference between dependence graphs and partial orders also affects the complexity of the satisfiability problems for the fragments under consideration: for first-order formulas in two variables we prove an NEXPTIME upper bound, whereas the corresponding problem for partial orders leads to EXPSPACE. Furthermore, we give several separation results for the alternation hierarchy for first-order logic. It turns out that even for those levels at which one can express the partial order relation in terms of dependence graphs, the fragments over partial orders have more expressive power.

O O O O B I B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

first-order logic
ehrenfeucht-fraisse games


Epistemology and learning: Impact on pedagogical practices and technology use in Singapore schools This paper reports on two studies conducted in 2006 in the Singapore schools to investigate the relationships between teachers' beliefs about knowledge and learning, their pedagogical practices, and uses of information and communications technologies (ICT). Three primary research questions were examined in this research: First, do teachers' beliefs about knowledge and learning influence the uses of ICT, pedagogical approaches, and types of assessments used in the Singapore schools? Second, does the school culture influence the uses of pedagogical approaches and ICT by Singapore teachers in their classes? Third, are the epistemic ideas about the nature of knowledge and learning beliefs that are stable cognitive structures or are they resources that are more adaptively shaped to different contexts? In Study 1, 1882 teachers from 51 schools took part in the 187-item online survey on these areas, and Study 2 involved eight principals, two vice-principals, 33 heads of department, and 60 teachers in structured interviews. It had been hypothesized that beliefs about the nature of knowledge being complex and changing would be associated with more learner-centered pedagogical practices and uses of technology in the classrooms. However, the main findings of Study 1 suggest that it is not epistemological beliefs of teachers about knowledge and knowing that shape pedagogical practices in Singapore schools, but rather teachers' beliefs about learning. From the interviews in Study 2, it appears that teachers tend to mix pedagogical strategies consisting of both teacher-directed and learner-centered approaches primarily based on beliefs about learning. Our research findings also suggest that epistemic ideas teachers have may not be relatively fixed and stable "beliefs" but rather are more contextually influenced epistemic resources. The paper concludes with a discussion of these findings and their implications for theory, practice, and future research. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

epistemological beliefs
epistemic resources

country-specific developments
learning technologies
improving classroom teaching
pedagogical issues
teaching/learning strategies


Domain-dependent knowledge in answer set planning In this article we consider three different kinds of domain-dependent control knowledge ( temporal, procedural and HTN-based) that are useful in planning. Our approach is declarative and relies on the language of logic programming with answer set semantics (AnsProlog*). AnsProlog* is designed to plan without control knowledge. We show how temporal, procedural and HTN-based control knowledge can be incorporated into AnsProlog* by the modular addition of a small number of domain-dependent rules, without the need to modify the planner. We formally prove the correctness of our planner, both in the absence and presence of the control knowledge. Finally, we perform some initial experimentation that demonstrates the potential reduction in planning time that can be achieved when procedural domain knowledge is used to solve planning problems with large plan length.

O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O

languages
reasoning about actions
procedural knowledge
answer set planning


The establishment of a pilot telemedical information society National and international telecommunication infrastructures have been set up through Europe to facilitate the movement of information. One major benefactor of the improved communication infrastructures is the health care community. The accessibility and interoperability of medical information systems is one of the grand challenges for the 21st century. Within Europe current developments in the application of telemedicine are being defined in separate initiatives. There are a number of pilot actions concentrating on various aspects of telemedicine. These actions involving the introduction of new technology or working practices rarely fail for technology related problems. However, in order to fully assess the likely take-up of telemedical technologies it is vital that all the aspects including non-technical are also addressed. This paper describes how a complete pilot telemedical information society will be set up which facilitates to support secure and standardised remote diagnosis, teleconsultations and advanced medical facilities in a number of sectors covering a crucial spectrum of those required to support a complete telemedical information society. This pilot testbed will then be assessed in the context of a European environment identifying a business plan for its extension to other member states therefore promoting a truly international telemedical information society for the 21st century.

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O


Language resources used in multi-lingual question-answering systems Purpose - In the field of information retrieval, some multi-lingual tools are being created to help the users to overcome the language barriers. Nevertheless, these tools are not developed completely and it is necessary to investigate more for their improvement and application. One of their main problems is the choice of the linguistic resources to offer better coverage and to solve the translation problems in the context of the multi-lingual information retrieval. This paper aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach - This research is focused on the analysis of resources used by the multi-lingual question-answering systems, which respond to users' queries with short answers, rather than just offering a list of documents related to the search. An analysis of the main publications about the multi-lingual QA systems was carried out, with the aim of identifying the typology, the advantages and disadvantages, and the real use and trend of each of the linguistic resources and tools used in this new kind of system. Findings - Five of the resources most used in the cross-languages QA systems were identified and studied: databases, dictionaries, corpora, ontologies and thesauri. The three most popular traditional resources (automatic translators, dictionaries, and corpora) are gradually leaving a widening gap for others such as ontologies and the free encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Originality/value - The perspective offered by the translation discipline can improve the effectiveness of QA systems.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

information retrieval
databases
dictionaries
thesauri

languages
software tools
information systems


Mytilene E-guide: a multiplatform mobile application tourist guide exemplar This paper introduces an approach of enhancing the tourism experience by incorporating a tool that adopts a web-to-mobile model into tourism websites that allows for the adaptation of personalized tourism web content to be transferred to a mobile application hosted at users mobile device. These applications upon installation to mobile devices allow for browsing of adapted multimedia content with no requirement for constant network connection. Furthermore so we convey the development experiences of a multiplatform mobile tourist guide aimed at producing a personalized mobile guide application used in both an online and offline modes offering services to tourists such as a personal profiling-based recommendation system, a commenting system and location-based services. This paper focuses on the design, implementation and usability case study of a Multi-Platform Tourist Guide system for the Municipal Council of Mytilene, Greece.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mobile tourism
tourist web platforms
web-to-mobile model
mobile clients
mobile porting


The Smart Home meets the Web of Things In recent years, the merging of computing with physical things, enabled the transformation of everyday objects into information appliances. We propose to reuse the central principles of the modern Web architecture to fully integrate physical objects to the Web and build an interoperable Smart Home. We present an application framework that offers support for multiple home residents concurrently. We show that by using the Web as application layer we can build flexible applications on top of heterogeneous embedded devices with only a few lines of code, transforming home automation into a trivial task. We address many issues related to Web-enabling these devices, from their discovery and service description to the uniform interaction with them. Our evaluation efforts indicate that our framework offers acceptable performance and reliability.

O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

physical things
embedded devices
information appliances
smart home
web of things
application framework

ubiquitous computing
web services
rest
web mashups


A Unified Control Strategy Based on Phase Angle Estimation for Matrix Converter Interface System Distributed generation based on high-speed generators is evolved dramatically. This paper presents a current-controlled matrix converter (MC) for interfacing microturbine generators. A unified control strategy is introduced to operate the MC interface in either isolated or grid-connected modes. The proposed control system is based on the instantaneous tracking of the phase angle which eliminates the need of using phase-locked loop circuits. The H-infinity algorithm is proposed for the phase angle estimation at the point of common coupling (PCC). In the grid-connected mode, the MC interface is utilized not only to control the active power flow but also to manage the reactive power fed to the grid. This utilization adds a capability to the MC interface for voltage regulation at the PCC. One advantage of the proposed unified strategy is that the structure of the controller remains unchanged for the different operating modes. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed control technique of the current controlled MC interface system for multifunction operation.

O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

phase angle estimation
voltage regulation

grid-connected
h-infinity algorithm
isolated mode
matrix converter (mc)


The study of the intermittency test filtering character of Hilbert-Huang transform A new filtering method for data with intermittency problem is proposed in this paper. In this new method, the original data is pretreated using wavelet method to avoid the mode mixture in the subsequent empirical mode decomposition (EMD) procedure. We make use of the approach to extract intermittency signal so that we can filter it, which the real physical process is manifested well. The method is suitable for the shorter interval intermittency signal as well as the abnormal phenomena with the interval longer than the time scale of background process. Numerical results show that the new method is able to sift out the mode mixing part of the data from the original signal and retain the useful information. (c) 2005 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

empirical mode decomposition (emd)
hilbert-huang transform (hht)
wavelet transform


New echocardiographic imaging method based on the bandwidth of the ultrasound Doppler signal with applications in blood/tissue segmentation in the left ventricle A new imaging method, Bandwidth Imaging, which is related to the bandwidth of the ultrasound Doppler signal is proposed as a classification function for blood and tissue signal in transthoracial echocardiography in the left ventricle. An in vivo experiment is presented, where the apparent error rate of Bandwidth Imaging is compared with the apparent error rate of Second-Harmonic Imaging on 15 healthy men. The apparent error rates are calculated from the 16 myocardial wall segments defined in [M.D., Cerqueira, N.J. Weissman, V. Dilsizian, A.K. Jacobs, S. Kaul, W.K. Laskey, D.J. Pennell, J.A. Rumberger, T. Ryan, M.S. Verani, Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart, Circulation (2002) 539542]. A hypothesis test of Bandwidth Imaging having lower apparent error rate than Second-Harmonic Imaging is proved for a p-value of 0.94 in three segments in end diastole and in one segment in end systole. When data was averaged by a structural element of five radial, three lateral and four temporal samples the numbers of segments increased to nine in end diastole and to six in end systole. This experiment indicates that Bandwidth Imaging can supply additional information for automatic border detection routines on endocardium.

O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O

ultrasound
echocardiography
border detection


A weighted multivariate Fuzzy C-Means method in interval-valued scientific production data A weighted multivariate fuzzy clustering method for interval-valued data is introduced. Weights measure importance of each variable to compute membership degree by cluster. This method is robust to ambiguous cluster membership assignment. An application with interval-valued scientific production data is described.

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O

fuzzy c-means method
symbolic data analysis
weighted multivariate membership


Simultaneous clustering and classification over cluster structure representation Two main tasks in pattern recognition area are clustering and classification. Owing to their different goals, traditionally these two tasks are treated separately. However, when label information is available, such separate treatment can not fully explore data information. First, classification is not favored by the data cluster structure. Second, clustering is not guided by valuable label information. Third, the relationship of clusters and classes is not revealed. Contrary to this separate learning treatment, simultaneous learning clustering and classification could benefit each other and overcomes these problems. Recently, a simultaneous learning framework SCC was proposed. Through modeling p(class|cluster) p ( class | cluster ) classification and clustering mechanism in SCC depend only on cluster centroids. However, it produces severely nonlinear objective, thus has to use a heuristic searching method, modified Particle Swarm Optimization, to find the optimal solution. But it is very slow. Further, modeling p(class|cluster) p ( class | cluster ) makes SCC hard to incorporate semi-supervised settings. In this paper, we propose an alternative framework SC3SR for simultaneous learning. Besides a classifier derived on the original data, another classifier on the newly-formed cluster structure representation is derived as well. Through this classifier, the clustering learning is guided by the label and classification learning is also favored by cluster structure of data. The final objective is continuously differentiable for which some principled optimization algorithms with convergence guaranteed exist. As a result, our algorithm is much faster than SCC. Further, we generalize this framework to semisupervised situation with the idea of manifold regularization and propose SemiSC3SR algorithm. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of both SC3SR and SemiSC3SR.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

clustering learning
classification learning

simultaneous classification and clustering learning


User adoption and purchasing intention after free trial: an empirical study of mobile newspapers Marketing stimuli such as free trial has been widely used to increase user acceptance and intention to purchase information services. Information technology (IT) acceptance theories, such as the technology acceptance model and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, have been widely used to explain information system (IS) usage. These theories, however, do not explicitly consider the effect of marketing stimuli that would influence and shape user beliefs, attitude and behavior towards the use and purchase of new IS/IT. Echoing calls for advancing knowledge in technology acceptance, we propose a theoretical model based on expectation conformation theory to investigate the effect of marketing stimuli in the form of free trial and price of using IS on consumers acceptance decision process. In this study, free trial of mobile newspaper is used as the research context. A survey sample of 192 responses is used to test the model. Results suggest that the trial experience has an impact on post-trial beliefs and attitude. Perceived fee also has an effect on the acceptance of the information service when the users need to pay for the service.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

free trial purchase behavior
expectation confirmation theory


Direct Trimming of NURBS Surfaces on the GPU This paper presents a highly efficient direct trimming technique for NURBS surfaces, which is applicable to tessellation-based rendering as well as ray tracing systems. The central idea is to split the trim curves into monotonic segments with respect to the two parameter dimensions of the surface patches. We use an optimized bisection method to classify a point with respect to each monotonic trim curve segment without performing an actual intersection test. Our hierarchical acceleration structure allows the use of a large number of such curve segments and performs the bisection method only for points contained in the bounding boxes of the curve segments. We have integrated our novel point classification scheme into a GPU-based NURBS ray casting system and implemented the entire trimmed NURBS rendering algorithm in a single OpenGL GLSL shader. The shader can handle surfaces and trim curves of arbitrary degrees, which allows the use of original CAD data without incorporating any approximations. Performance data confirms that our trimming approach can deal with hundreds of thousands of trim curves at interactive rates. Our point classification scheme can be applied to other application domains dealing with complex curved regions including flood fills, font rendering and vector graphics mapped on arbitrary surfaces.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

trimmed nurbs
point classification
ray casting

parametric surfaces
root finding
programmable graphics hardware


The social organisation of communication in the home of the twenty-first century: an analysis of the future of paper-mail and implications for the design of electronic alternatives This paper reports ongoing investigations into the use and role of paper-mail communications in domestic environments. It utilises ethnographically informed data to analyse how paper-mail supports various social roles within the home, particularly a division of labour whereby women tend to be largely responsible for what may be called "managing the home". Implications for the future of paper-mail are considered, as well as suggestions made about how email tools may be designed to reflect the patterns of social organisation within the home.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

affordances
ethnography
mail substitution
paper mail
qualitative research


network performance of a wireless sensor network for temperature monitoring in vineyards Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an emerging technology which can be used for outdoor environmental monitoring. This paper presents challenges that arose from the development and deployment of a WSN for environmental monitoring as well as network performance analysis of this network. Different components in our sensor network architecture are presented like the physical nodes, the sensor node code, and two messaging protocols; one for collecting sensor and network values and the other for sensor node commands. An information model for sensor nodes to support plug-and-play capabilities in sensor networks is also presented.

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

environmental monitoring sensor network
performance and analysis of a wsn
field deployment


Sampling, information extraction and summarisation of Hidden Web databases Hidden Web databases maintain a collection of specialised documents, which are dynamically generated using page templates. This paper presents the Two-Phase Sampling (2PS) technique that detects and extracts query-related information from documents contained in databases. 2PS is based on a two-phase framework for the sampling, information extraction and summarisation of Hidden Web documents. In the first phase, 2PS samples and stores documents for further analysis. In the second phase, it detects Web page templates from sampled documents and extracts relevant information from which a content summary is then generated. Experimental results demonstrate that 2PS effectively eliminates irrelevant information from sampled documents and generates terms and frequencies with improved accuracy.

O B I O O O B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

hidden web databases
information extraction


Bell's inequality and contextual information The properties of the Shannon entropy (concavity and strong additivity) are satisfied in both classical and quantum experiments, if the context of experiment is considered appropriately. We show that these properties hold true in a classical model with the feature of being contextual, where a correlation is observed between events. Our results show that the classical example is similar to an entangled singlet state for spin-1/2 particles. But, contrary to general opinion, I(corr)(entgld) > 1 is not a necessary and sufficient condition for violating Bell's inequality, since it has been obtained on the basis of a common cause pattern. In other words, it is possible to reconstruct the amount of information contained in a quantum entangled state according to the common cause criterion satisfying local realism.

O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

shannon entropy
entangled state
contextual information