document: Understanding captions in biomedical publications From the standpoint of the automated extraction of scientific knowledge , an important but little-studied part of scientific publications are the figures and accompanying captions . Captions are dense in information , but also contain many extra-grammatical constructs , making them awkward to process with standard information extraction methods . We propose a scheme for `` understanding '' captions in biomedical publications by extracting and classifying `` image pointers '' ( references to the accompanying image ) . We evaluate a number of automated methods for this task , including hand-coded methods , methods based on existing learning techniques , and methods based on novel learning techniques . The best of these methods leads to a usefully accurate tool for caption-understanding , with both recall and precision in excess of 94 % on the most important single class in a combined extraction\/classification task .
doc_bio_tags: O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O