Feedforward	B-KEY
maximum	I-KEY
power	I-KEY
point	I-KEY
tracking	I-KEY
of	O
PV	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
using	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
A	O
feedforward	O
maximum	O
power	O
-LRB-	O
MP	O
-RRB-	O
point	O
tracking	O
scheme	O
is	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
interleaved	O
dual	O
boost	O
-LRB-	O
IDB	O
-RRB-	O
converter	O
fed	O
photovoltaic	O
-LRB-	O
PV	O
-RRB-	O
system	O
using	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
tracking	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
changes	O
the	O
duty	B-KEY
ratio	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
converter	O
such	O
that	O
the	O
solar	O
cell	O
array	O
-LRB-	O
SCA	O
-RRB-	O
voltage	O
equals	O
the	O
voltage	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
MP	O
point	O
at	O
that	O
solar	B-KEY
insolation	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
feedforward	B-KEY
loop	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
generates	O
an	O
error	B-KEY
signal	I-KEY
by	O
comparing	O
the	O
instantaneous	B-KEY
array	I-KEY
voltage	I-KEY
and	O
reference	B-KEY
voltage	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
reference	B-KEY
voltage	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
feedforward	B-KEY
loop	I-KEY
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
MP	O
point	O
,	O
is	O
obtained	O
by	O
an	O
off-line	B-KEY
trained	I-KEY
neural	I-KEY
network	I-KEY
.	O
Experimental	O
data	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
off-line	O
training	O
of	O
the	O
neural	O
network	O
,	O
which	O
employs	O
back-propagation	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
feedforward	I-KEY
peak	I-KEY
power	I-KEY
tracking	I-KEY
effectiveness	I-KEY
is	O
demonstrated	O
through	O
the	O
simulation	O
and	O
experimental	O
results	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
conventional	O
proportional	O
plus	O
integral	O
-LRB-	O
PI	O
-RRB-	O
controller	O
based	O
system	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
a	O
comparative	O
study	O
of	O
interleaved	O
boost	O
and	O
conventional	O
boost	O
converter	O
for	O
the	O
PV	O
applications	O
is	O
given	O
and	O
their	O
suitability	O
is	O
discussed	O

Synchronizing	B-KEY
experiments	I-KEY
with	O
linear	B-KEY
interval	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
Concerns	O
generalized	O
control	B-KEY
problems	O
without	O
exact	O
information	O
.	O
<P>	O
A	O
method	O
of	O
constructing	O
a	O
minimal	O
synchronizing	O
sequence	O
for	O
a	O
linear	B-KEY
interval	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
over	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
real	B-KEY
numbers	I-KEY
is	O
developed	O
.	O
This	O
problem	O
is	O
reduced	O
to	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
inequalities	I-KEY

Convolution-based	B-KEY
global	I-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
technique	O
for	O
millimeter-wave	B-KEY
photodetector	I-KEY
and	O
photomixer	B-KEY
circuits	O
A	O
fast	O
convolution-based	B-KEY
time-domain	I-KEY
approach	I-KEY
to	O
global	B-KEY
photonic-circuit	I-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
that	O
incorporates	O
a	O
physical	B-KEY
device	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
complete	O
detector	O
or	O
mixer	O
circuit	O
.	O
The	O
device	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
demonstration	O
of	O
this	O
technique	O
is	O
a	O
GaAs	B-KEY
metal-semiconductor-metal	O
-LRB-	O
MSM	O
-RRB-	O
photodetector	O
that	O
offers	O
a	O
high	O
response	O
speed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
generation	O
of	O
millimeter	O
waves	O
.	O
Global	O
simulation	O
greatly	O
increases	O
the	O
accuracy	O
in	O
evaluating	O
the	O
complete	O
circuit	O
performance	O
because	O
it	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
millimeter-wave	O
embedding	O
circuit	O
.	O
Device	O
and	O
circuit	O
performance	O
are	O
assessed	O
by	O
calculating	O
optical	B-KEY
responsivity	I-KEY
and	O
bandwidth	B-KEY
.	O
Device-only	O
simulations	O
using	O
GaAs	B-KEY
MSMs	O
are	O
compared	O
with	O
global	O
simulations	O
that	O
illustrate	O
the	O
strong	O
interdependence	O
between	O
device	O
and	O
external	O
circuit	O

Managing	O
system	O
risk	O
Companies	O
are	O
increasingly	O
required	O
to	O
provide	O
assurance	O
that	O
their	O
systems	O
are	O
secure	O
and	O
conform	O
to	O
commercial	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
standards	I-KEY
.	O
Senior	O
business	O
managers	O
are	O
ultimately	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
their	O
corporate	O
systems	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
implications	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
failure	O
.	O
Businesses	O
will	O
be	O
exposed	O
to	O
unquantified	O
security	O
risks	O
unless	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
formal	O
risk	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
framework	I-KEY
in	O
place	O
to	O
enable	O
risks	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
,	O
evaluated	O
and	O
managed	O
.	O
Failure	O
to	O
assess	O
and	O
manage	O
risks	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
business	O
suffering	O
serious	O
financial	O
impacts	O
,	O
commercial	O
embarrassment	O
and	O
fines	O
or	O
sanctions	O
from	O
regulators	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
both	O
a	O
key	O
responsibility	O
and	O
opportunity	O
for	O
Management	O
Services	O
Practitioners	O

A	O
120-mW	O
3-D	O
rendering	O
engine	O
with	O
6-Mb	O
embedded	O
DRAM	O
and	O
3.2-GB	O
/	O
s	O
runtime	O
reconfigurable	B-KEY
bus	I-KEY
for	O
PDA	O
chip	O
A	O
low-power	O
three-dimensional	O
-LRB-	O
3-D	O
-RRB-	O
rendering	O
engine	O
is	O
implemented	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
mobile	O
personal	O
digital	O
assistant	O
-LRB-	O
PDA	O
-RRB-	O
chip	O
.	O
Six-megabit	O
embedded	B-KEY
DRAM	I-KEY
macros	I-KEY
attached	O
to	O
8-pixel-parallel	B-KEY
rendering	I-KEY
logic	I-KEY
are	O
logically	O
localized	O
with	O
a	O
3.2-GB	O
/	O
s	O
runtime	O
reconfigurable	B-KEY
bus	I-KEY
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
area	O
by	O
25	O
%	O
compared	O
with	O
conventional	O
local	O
frame-buffer	O
architectures	O
.	O
The	O
low	B-KEY
power	I-KEY
consumption	I-KEY
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
polygon-dependent	B-KEY
access	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
embedded	B-KEY
DRAM	I-KEY
macros	I-KEY
with	O
line-block	B-KEY
mapping	I-KEY
providing	O
read-modify-write	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
transaction	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
3-D	O
rendering	O
engine	O
with	O
2.22-Mpolygons	O
/	O
s	O
drawing	O
speed	O
was	O
fabricated	O
using	O
0.18	O
-	O
mu	O
m	O
CMOS	B-KEY
embedded	I-KEY
memory	I-KEY
logic	I-KEY
technology	I-KEY
.	O
Its	O
area	O
is	O
24	O
mm/sup	O
2	O
/	O
and	O
its	O
power	O
consumption	O
is	O
120	B-KEY
mW	I-KEY

Application	O
of	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
series	I-KEY
analysis	O
techniques	O
to	O
high-frequency	B-KEY
currency	I-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
In	O
this	O
work	O
we	O
have	O
applied	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
series	I-KEY
analysis	O
to	O
high-frequency	B-KEY
currency	I-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
time	O
series	O
studied	O
are	O
the	O
exchange	B-KEY
rates	I-KEY
between	O
the	O
US	B-KEY
Dollar	I-KEY
and	O
18	O
other	O
foreign	B-KEY
currencies	I-KEY
from	O
within	O
and	O
without	O
the	O
Euro	B-KEY
zone	I-KEY
.	O
Our	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
their	O
dynamical	O
behaviours	O
were	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
correlated	O
.	O
The	O
nonexistence	O
of	O
stationarity	B-KEY
called	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
recurrence	B-KEY
quantification	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
this	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
several	O
parameters	O
that	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
quantification	O
of	O
recurrence	B-KEY
plots	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
method	O
was	O
checked	O
using	O
the	O
European	B-KEY
Monetary	I-KEY
System	I-KEY
currency	O
exchanges	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
show	O
,	O
as	O
expected	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
currencies	O
that	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Euro	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
a	O
strong	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
Japanese	B-KEY
Yen	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
Canadian	B-KEY
Dollar	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
British	B-KEY
Pound	I-KEY
.	O
Singularities	O
of	O
the	O
series	O
are	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
taking	O
into	O
account	O
historical	B-KEY
events	I-KEY
,	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
Euro	B-KEY
zone	I-KEY

Finally	O
!	O
some	O
sensible	O
European	O
legislation	O
on	O
software	O
The	O
European	B-KEY
Commission	I-KEY
has	O
formally	O
tabled	O
a	O
draft	O
Directive	B-KEY
on	I-KEY
the	I-KEY
Protection	I-KEY
by	I-KEY
Patents	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
Computer-Implemented	I-KEY
Inventions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
very	O
important	O
Directive	O
is	O
to	O
harmonise	O
national	B-KEY
patent	I-KEY
laws	I-KEY
relating	O
to	O
inventions	O
using	O
software	O
.	O
It	O
follows	O
an	O
extensive	O
consultation	O
launched	O
by	O
the	O
Commission	O
in	O
October	O
2000	O
.	O
The	O
impetus	O
behind	O
the	O
Directive	O
was	O
the	O
recognition	O
at	O
EU	B-KEY
level	O
of	O
a	O
total	O
lack	O
of	O
unity	O
between	O
the	O
European	B-KEY
Patent	I-KEY
Office	I-KEY
and	O
European	O
national	B-KEY
courts	I-KEY
in	O
deciding	O
what	O
was	O
or	O
was	O
not	O
deemed	O
patentable	O
when	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
computer	B-KEY
programs	I-KEY

Project-based	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
:	O
teachers	B-KEY
learning	O
and	O
using	O
high-tech	O
to	O
preserve	O
Cajun	B-KEY
culture	I-KEY
Using	O
project-based	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
pedagogy	O
in	O
EdTc	O
658	O
Advances	O
in	O
Educational	O
Technology	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
has	O
trained	O
inservice	O
teachers	O
in	O
Southwestern	O
Louisiana	O
with	O
an	O
advanced	O
computer	O
multimedia	O
program	O
called	O
Director	O
-LRB-	O
R	O
-RRB-	O
-LRB-	O
Macromedia	O
,	O
Inc.	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
content	O
of	O
this	O
course	O
focused	O
on	O
modeling	O
the	O
project-based	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
pedagogy	O
and	O
researching	O
Acadian	O
's	O
traditions	O
and	O
legacy	O
.	O
With	O
the	O
multi-functions	O
of	O
microcomputers	O
,	O
new	B-KEY
technologies	I-KEY
were	O
used	O
to	O
preserve	O
and	O
celebrate	O
the	O
local	B-KEY
culture	I-KEY
with	O
superiority	O
of	O
text	O
,	O
graphics	O
,	O
animation	O
,	O
sound	O
,	O
and	O
video	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
describes	O
how	O
several	O
groups	O
of	O
school	B-KEY
teachers	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
surrounding	O
areas	O
of	O
a	O
regional	O
state	O
university	O
of	O
Louisiana	O
learned	O
computer	O
multimedia	O
using	O
project-based	O
learning	O
and	O
integrated	O
their	O
learning	O
into	O
local	O
cultural	O
heritage	O

A	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
modulation	I-KEY
strategy	I-KEY
for	O
hybrid	B-KEY
AC/DC	I-KEY
power	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
A	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
strategy	I-KEY
to	O
improve	O
transient	B-KEY
stability	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
multi-machine	B-KEY
AC	I-KEY
power	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
with	O
several	O
DC	B-KEY
links	I-KEY
terminated	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
large	O
disturbances	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
proposed	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
differential	B-KEY
geometric	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
HVDC	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
are	O
taken	O
as	O
a	O
variable	B-KEY
admittance	I-KEY
connected	O
at	O
the	O
inverter	B-KEY
or	O
rectifier	B-KEY
AC	I-KEY
bus	I-KEY
.	O
After	O
deriving	O
the	O
analytical	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
variable	B-KEY
admittance	I-KEY
and	O
active	B-KEY
power	I-KEY
flows	I-KEY
of	O
each	O
generator	O
,	O
the	O
traditional	O
generator	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
can	O
thus	O
be	O
expressed	O
with	O
the	O
variable	B-KEY
admittance	I-KEY
of	O
HVDC	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
as	O
an	O
additional	O
state	O
variable	O
and	O
changed	O
to	O
an	O
affine	B-KEY
form	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
global	B-KEY
linearization	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
being	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
its	O
control	O
variable	O
.	O
An	O
important	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
is	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
modulated	O
DC	O
power	O
is	O
an	O
adaptive	O
and	O
non-linear	O
function	O
of	O
AC	O
system	O
states	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
realized	O
by	O
local	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
and	O
less	O
transmitted	O
data	O
from	O
,	O
adjacent	B-KEY
generators	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
design	O
procedure	O
is	O
tested	O
on	O
a	O
dual-infeed	B-KEY
hybrid	I-KEY
AC/DC	I-KEY
system	I-KEY

Two-step	B-KEY
integral	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
for	O
orthoscopic	O
three-dimensional	O
imaging	O
with	O
improved	O
viewing	O
resolution	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
two-step	B-KEY
integral	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
system	O
to	O
obtain	O
3-D	O
orthoscopic	O
real	O
images	O
.	O
By	O
adopting	O
a	O
nonstationary	B-KEY
micro-optics	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
experimentally	O
the	O
potential	O
usefulness	O
of	O
two-step	B-KEY
integral	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY

Mathematical	B-KEY
fundamentals	I-KEY
of	O
constructing	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
Bayesian	I-KEY
inference	I-KEY
techniques	I-KEY
Problems	O
and	O
an	O
associated	O
technique	O
for	O
developing	O
a	O
Bayesian	O
approach	O
to	O
decision-making	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
fuzzy	O
data	O
are	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
concept	O
of	O
fuzzy	O
and	O
pseudofuzzy	B-KEY
quantities	I-KEY
is	O
introduced	O
and	O
main	O
operations	O
with	O
pseudofuzzy	B-KEY
quantities	I-KEY
are	O
considered	O
.	O
The	O
basic	O
relationships	O
and	O
the	O
principal	O
concepts	O
of	O
the	O
Bayesian	O
decision	O
procedure	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
modus-ponens	B-KEY
rule	I-KEY
are	O
proposed	O
.	O
Some	O
problems	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
practical	O
realization	O
of	O
the	O
fuzzy	O
Bayesian	O
method	O
are	O
considered	O

Novel	O
active	B-KEY
noise-reducing	I-KEY
headset	I-KEY
using	O
earshell	B-KEY
vibration	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
Active	O
noise-reducing	O
-LRB-	O
ANR	O
-RRB-	O
headsets	O
are	O
available	O
commercially	O
in	O
applications	O
varying	O
from	O
aviation	B-KEY
communication	I-KEY
to	O
consumer	B-KEY
audio	I-KEY
.	O
Current	O
ANR	O
systems	O
use	O
passive	B-KEY
attenuation	I-KEY
at	O
high	O
frequencies	O
and	O
loudspeaker-based	O
active	O
noise	O
control	O
at	O
low	O
frequencies	O
to	O
achieve	O
broadband	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
reduction	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
novel	O
ANR	O
headset	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
external	O
noise	O
transmitted	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
ear	O
via	O
earshell	O
vibration	O
is	O
reduced	O
by	O
controlling	O
the	O
vibration	O
of	O
the	O
earshell	O
using	O
force	B-KEY
actuators	I-KEY
acting	O
against	O
an	O
inertial	B-KEY
mass	I-KEY
or	O
the	O
earshell	O
headband	O
.	O
Model-based	O
theoretical	O
analysis	O
using	O
velocity	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
showed	O
that	O
current	O
piezoelectric	B-KEY
actuators	I-KEY
provide	O
sufficient	O
force	O
but	O
require	O
lower	O
stiffness	B-KEY
for	O
improved	O
low-frequency	O
performance	O
.	O
Control	O
simulations	O
based	O
on	O
experimental	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
laboratory	O
headset	O
showed	O
that	O
good	O
performance	O
can	O
potentially	O
be	O
achieved	O
in	O
practice	O
by	O
a	O
robust	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
controller	I-KEY
,	O
while	O
a	O
single-frequency	B-KEY
real-time	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
experiment	O
verified	O
that	O
noise	O
reduction	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
using	O
earshell	B-KEY
vibration	I-KEY
control	I-KEY

Down	O
up	O
-LSB-	O
IT	O
projects	O
-RSB-	O
Despite	O
the	O
second	O
quarter	O
's	O
gloomy	O
GDP	O
report	O
,	O
savvy	O
CIOs	O
are	O
forging	O
ahead	O
with	O
big	O
IT	O
projects	O
that	O
will	O
position	O
their	O
companies	O
to	O
succeed	O
when	O
the	O
economy	O
soars	O
again	O

Evicting	O
orang	O
utans	O
from	O
the	O
office	O
-LSB-	O
electronic	B-KEY
storage	I-KEY
of	O
legal	B-KEY
files	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
Having	O
espoused	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
the	O
paperless	B-KEY
office	I-KEY
some	O
time	O
ago	O
,	O
we	O
decided	O
to	O
apply	O
it	O
to	O
our	O
stored	O
files	O
.	O
First	O
we	O
consulted	O
the	O
Law	B-KEY
Society	I-KEY
rules	I-KEY
governing	O
storage	O
of	O
files	O
on	O
electronic	O
media	O
.	O
The	O
next	O
step	O
was	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
draw	O
up	O
a	O
protocol	O
for	O
scanning	O
the	O
files	O
.	O
The	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
exercise	O
have	O
been	O
significant	O
.	O
The	O
area	O
previously	O
used	O
for	O
storage	O
has	O
been	O
freed	O
for	O
other	O
use	O
.	O
Files	O
are	O
now	O
available	O
online	O
,	O
instantaneously	O
.	O
When	O
we	O
have	O
needed	O
to	O
send	O
out	O
files	O
to	O
the	O
client	O
or	O
following	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
solicitor	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
almost	O
immediately	O
,	O
by	O
E-mail	O
,	O
retaining	O
a	O
copy	O
for	O
our	O
future	O
reference	O
.	O
The	O
files	O
are	O
protected	O
from	O
loss	O
or	O
deterioration	O
,	O
back-up	O
copies	O
having	O
been	O
taken	O
which	O
are	O
stored	O
off	O
site	O
.	O
The	O
complete	O
stored	O
file	B-KEY
archive	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
put	O
in	O
your	O
pocket	O
-LRB-	O
in	O
CD-ROM	B-KEY
format	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
on	O
a	O
laptop	O
,	O
facilitating	O
remote	O
working	O

A	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
time-optimal	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
Sufficient	O
conditions	O
for	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
an	O
optimal	O
control	O
in	O
a	O
time-optimal	O
control	O
problem	O
with	O
fixed	O
ends	O
for	O
a	O
smooth	B-KEY
nonlinear	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
are	O
formulated	O
.	O
The	O
properties	O
of	O
this	O
system	O
for	O
characterizing	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
switching	I-KEY
points	I-KEY
are	O
studied	O

Quantitative	B-KEY
speed	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
for	O
SRM	B-KEY
drive	I-KEY
using	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
adapted	I-KEY
inverse	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
Quantitative	O
and	O
robust	O
speed	O
control	O
for	O
a	O
switched	B-KEY
reluctance	I-KEY
motor	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SRM	O
-RRB-	O
drive	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
rather	O
difficult	O
and	O
challenging	O
owing	O
to	O
its	O
highly	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
speed	O
control	O
scheme	O
having	O
two-degree-of-freedom	O
-LRB-	O
2DOF	O
-RRB-	O
structure	O
is	O
developed	O
here	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
speed	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
response	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
SRM	B-KEY
drive	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
the	O
proposed	O
control	O
scheme	O
,	O
the	O
feedback	O
controller	O
is	O
quantitatively	O
designed	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
desired	O
regulation	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
requirements	I-KEY
first	O
.	O
Then	O
a	O
reference	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
command	B-KEY
feedforward	I-KEY
controller	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
an	O
inverse	B-KEY
plant	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
are	O
employed	O
to	O
yield	O
the	O
desired	O
tracking	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
at	O
nominal	O
case	O
.	O
As	O
the	O
variations	O
of	O
system	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
and	O
operating	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
occur	O
,	O
the	O
prescribed	O
control	B-KEY
specifications	I-KEY
may	O
not	O
be	O
satisfied	O
any	O
more	O
.	O
To	O
improve	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
inverse	O
model	O
is	O
adaptively	O
tuned	O
by	O
a	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
so	O
that	O
the	O
model-following	B-KEY
tracking	I-KEY
error	I-KEY
is	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
disturbance	O
cancellation	O
robust	O
controller	O
is	O
added	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
tracking	O
and	O
regulation	O
control	O
performances	O
further	O

On	O
emotion	B-KEY
and	O
bounded	B-KEY
rationality	I-KEY
:	O
reply	O
to	O
Hanoch	O
The	O
author	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
comment	O
made	O
by	O
Hanoch	O
-LRB-	O
see	O
ibid	O
.	O
vol	O
.49	O
-LRB-	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
on	O
his	O
model	O
of	O
bounded	B-KEY
rationality	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
Yerkes-Dodson	B-KEY
law	I-KEY
and	O
emotional	B-KEY
arousal	O
in	O
it	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
Hanoch	O
's	O
comment	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
conspicuously	O
fails	O
to	O
challenge	O
-	O
much	O
less	O
contradict	O
-	O
the	O
central	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
his	O
paper	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
several	O
of	O
Hanoch	O
's	O
criticisms	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
wrong	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
positions	O

eMarketing	O
:	O
restaurant	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
sites	I-KEY
that	O
click	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
global	O
companies	O
have	O
adopted	O
electronic	B-KEY
commerce	I-KEY
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
reducing	O
transaction	O
related	O
expenditures	O
,	O
connecting	O
with	O
current	O
and	O
potential	O
customers	O
,	O
and	O
enhancing	O
revenues	B-KEY
and	O
profitability	B-KEY
.	O
If	O
a	O
restaurant	O
is	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
Internet	B-KEY
presence	I-KEY
,	O
what	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
should	O
be	O
highlighted	O
?	O
Food	B-KEY
service	I-KEY
companies	I-KEY
that	O
have	O
successfully	O
ventured	O
onto	O
the	O
web	O
have	O
employed	O
assorted	O
web-based	O
technologies	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
powerful	O
marketing	O
tool	O
of	O
unparalleled	O
strength	O
.	O
Historically	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
difficult	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
criteria	O
against	O
which	O
to	O
evaluate	O
website	O
effectiveness	O
.	O
As	O
practitioners	O
consider	O
additional	O
resources	O
for	O
website	O
development	O
,	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
e-marketing	B-KEY
investment	O
becomes	O
increasingly	O
important	O
.	O
Care	O
must	O
be	O
exercised	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
site	O
adheres	O
to	O
high	O
standards	O
and	O
incorporates	O
evolving	O
technology	O
,	O
as	O
appropriate	O
.	O
Developing	O
a	O
coherent	O
website	O
strategy	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
effective	O
website	O
design	O
,	O
are	O
proving	O
critical	O
to	O
an	O
effective	O
web	O
presence	O

Central	O
hub	O
for	O
design	O
assets	O
:	O
Adobe	B-KEY
GoLive	I-KEY
6.0	I-KEY
Adobe	O
GoLive	O
is	O
a	O
strong	O
contender	O
for	O
Web	B-KEY
authoring	I-KEY
and	O
publishing	O
.	O
Version	O
6.0	O
features	O
a	O
flexible	O
GUI	B-KEY
environment	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
workgroup	O
and	O
collaboration	B-KEY
server	I-KEY
,	O
plus	O
tight	O
integration	O
with	O
leading	O
design	O
tools	O

Design	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
3-D	O
mapping	O
system	O
for	O
highly	B-KEY
irregular	I-KEY
shaped	I-KEY
objects	I-KEY
with	O
application	O
to	O
semiconductor	O
manufacturing	O
The	O
basic	O
technology	O
for	O
a	O
robotic	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
is	O
developed	O
to	O
automate	O
the	O
packing	O
of	O
polycrystalline	B-KEY
silicon	I-KEY
nuggets	I-KEY
into	O
fragile	B-KEY
fused	I-KEY
silica	I-KEY
crucible	I-KEY
in	O
Czochralski	O
-LRB-	O
melt	O
pulling	O
-RRB-	O
semiconductor	O
wafer	O
production	O
.	O
The	O
highly	O
irregular	O
shapes	O
of	O
the	O
nuggets	O
and	O
the	O
packing	O
constraints	O
make	O
this	O
a	O
difficult	O
and	O
challenging	O
task	O
.	O
It	O
requires	O
the	O
delicate	O
manipulation	O
and	O
packing	O
of	O
highly	O
irregular	O
polycrystalline	B-KEY
silicon	I-KEY
nuggets	I-KEY
into	O
a	O
fragile	O
fused	O
silica	O
crucible	O
.	O
For	O
this	O
application	O
,	O
a	O
dual	O
optical	O
3-D	O
surface	O
mapping	O
system	O
that	O
uses	O
active	B-KEY
laser	I-KEY
triangulation	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
successfully	O
tested	O
.	O
One	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
measures	O
the	O
geometry	O
profile	O
of	O
a	O
nugget	O
being	O
packed	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
the	O
profile	O
of	O
the	O
nuggets	O
already	O
in	O
the	O
crucible	O
.	O
A	O
resolution	O
of	O
1	O
mm	O
with	O
15-KHz	O
sampling	B-KEY
frequency	I-KEY
is	O
achieved	O
.	O
Data	O
from	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
packing	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
determines	O
optimal	O
nugget	O
placement	O
.	O
The	O
key	O
contribution	O
is	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
an	O
efficient	O
and	O
robust	B-KEY
3-D	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
to	O
map	O
highly	B-KEY
irregular	I-KEY
shaped	I-KEY
objects	I-KEY
using	O
conventional	O
components	O
in	O
context	O
of	O
real	O
commercial	O
manufacturing	O
processes	O

Information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
in	O
JASIST	O
:	O
just	O
where	O
did	O
we	O
come	O
from	O
?	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
Information	B-KEY
Architecture	I-KEY
within	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
world	O
has	O
been	O
simultaneously	O
drawn	O
out	O
yet	O
rapid	O
.	O
Those	O
with	O
an	O
eye	O
on	O
history	O
are	O
quick	O
to	O
point	O
to	O
Wurman	O
's	O
1976	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
``	O
architecture	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
only	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
2	O
years	O
that	O
IA	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
sufficient	O
interest	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
label	O
themselves	O
professionally	O
as	O
Information	O
Architects	O
.	O
The	O
impetus	O
for	O
this	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
IA	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
to	O
a	O
historical	O
summit	O
,	O
supported	O
by	O
ASIS&T	O
in	O
May	O
2000	O
at	O
Boston	O
.	O
It	O
was	O
here	O
that	O
several	O
hundred	O
of	O
us	O
gathered	O
to	O
thrash	O
out	O
the	O
questions	O
of	O
just	O
what	O
IA	O
was	O
and	O
what	O
this	O
new	O
field	O
might	O
become	O
.	O
At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
summit	O
,	O
invited	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
short	O
talk	O
on	O
my	O
return	O
journey	O
from	O
the	O
annual	O
ACM	O
SIGCHI	O
conference	O
,	O
I	O
entered	O
the	O
summit	O
expecting	O
little	O
and	O
convinced	O
that	O
IA	O
was	O
nothing	O
new	O
.	O
I	O
left	O
2	O
days	O
later	O
refreshed	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
by	O
the	O
enthusiasm	O
of	O
the	O
attendees	O
for	O
this	O
term	O
but	O
by	O
IA	O
's	O
potential	O
to	O
unify	O
the	O
disparate	O
perspectives	O
and	O
orientations	O
of	O
professionals	O
from	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
disciplines	O
.	O
It	O
was	O
at	O
this	O
summit	O
that	O
the	O
idea	O
for	O
the	O
special	O
issue	O
took	O
root	O
.	O
I	O
proposed	O
the	O
idea	O
to	O
Don	O
Kraft	O
,	O
hoping	O
he	O
would	O
find	O
someone	O
else	O
to	O
run	O
with	O
it	O
.	O
AS	O
luck	O
would	O
have	O
it	O
,	O
I	O
ended	O
up	O
taking	O
charge	O
of	O
it	O
myself	O
,	O
with	O
initial	O
support	O
from	O
David	O
Blair	O
.	O
From	O
the	O
suggestion	O
to	O
the	O
finished	O
product-has	O
been	O
the	O
best	O
part	O
of	O
2	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
that	O
time	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
volunteers	O
reviewed	O
over	O
20	O
submissions	O

Mixture	O
of	O
experts	O
classification	B-KEY
using	O
a	O
hierarchical	B-KEY
mixture	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
A	O
three-level	O
hierarchical	B-KEY
mixture	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
classification	B-KEY
is	O
presented	O
that	O
models	O
the	O
following	O
data	B-KEY
generation	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
data	O
are	O
generated	O
by	O
a	O
finite	O
number	O
of	O
sources	O
-LRB-	O
clusters	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
generation	O
mechanism	O
of	O
each	O
source	O
assumes	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
individual	O
internal	O
class-labeled	O
sources	O
-LRB-	O
subclusters	O
of	O
the	O
external	O
cluster	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
model	O
estimates	O
the	O
posterior	B-KEY
probability	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
class	I-KEY
membership	I-KEY
similar	O
to	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
experts	B-KEY
classifier	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
learn	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
general	O
training	O
approach	O
based	O
on	O
maximum	O
likelihood	O
that	O
results	O
in	O
two	O
efficient	O
training	O
algorithms	O
.	O
Compared	O
to	O
other	O
classification	B-KEY
mixture	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
hierarchical	O
model	O
exhibits	O
several	O
advantages	O
and	O
provides	O
improved	O
classification	B-KEY
performance	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
experimental	O
results	O

Adaptive	O
state	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
control	O
for	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
linear	O
systems	O
with	O
unknown	O
bounds	O
of	O
uncertainties	O
The	O
problem	O
of	O
adaptive	O
robust	B-KEY
stabilization	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
time-varying	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
disturbance	O
and	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
uncertainties	I-KEY
is	O
considered	O
.	O
The	O
bounds	O
of	O
the	O
disturbance	O
and	O
uncertainties	O
are	O
assumed	O
to	O
be	O
unknown	O
,	O
being	O
even	O
arbitrary	O
.	O
For	O
such	O
uncertain	B-KEY
dynamical	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
adaptive	O
robust	O
state	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
controller	O
is	O
obtained	O
.	O
And	O
the	O
resulting	O
closed-loop	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
are	O
asymptotically	O
stable	O
in	O
theory	O
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
an	O
adaptive	O
robust	O
state	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
control	O
scheme	O
is	O
given	O
.	O
The	O
scheme	O
ensures	O
the	O
closed-loop	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
exponentially	O
practically	O
stable	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
practical	O
engineering	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
simulations	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
control	O
scheme	O
is	O
effective	O

Information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
:	O
looking	O
ahead	O
It	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
bit	O
strange	O
to	O
consider	O
where	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
IA	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
headed	O
.	O
After	O
all	O
,	O
many	O
would	O
argue	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
new	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
field	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
or	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
mislabeled	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
no	O
means	O
is	O
there	O
a	O
widely	O
accepted	O
definition	O
of	O
what	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
actually	O
is	O
.	O
Practicing	O
information	B-KEY
architects	I-KEY
probably	O
number	O
in	O
the	O
thousands	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
vibrant	O
group	O
is	O
already	O
building	O
various	O
forms	O
of	O
communal	B-KEY
infrastructure	I-KEY
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
an	O
IA	O
journal	O
and	O
a	O
self-organizing	O
``	O
library	O
''	O
of	O
resources	O
to	O
a	O
passel	O
of	O
local	B-KEY
professional	I-KEY
groups	I-KEY
and	O
degree-granting	B-KEY
academic	I-KEY
programs	I-KEY
.	O
So	O
the	O
profession	O
has	O
achieved	O
a	O
beachhead	O
that	O
will	O
enable	O
it	O
to	O
stabilize	O
and	O
perhaps	O
even	O
grow	O
during	O
these	O
difficult	O
times	O

Using	O
the	O
Small	O
Business	B-KEY
Innovation	O
Research	O
Program	O
to	O
turn	O
your	O
ideas	O
into	O
products	O
The	O
US	B-KEY
Government	I-KEY
's	O
Small	O
Business	B-KEY
Innovation	O
Research	O
Program	O
helps	O
small	O
businesses	O
transform	O
new	O
ideas	O
into	O
commercial	O
products	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
provides	O
an	O
ideal	O
means	O
for	O
businesses	B-KEY
and	O
universities	B-KEY
to	O
obtaining	O
funding	B-KEY
for	O
cooperative	B-KEY
projects	I-KEY
.	O
Rules	O
and	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
program	O
are	O
readily	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
a	O
few	O
helpful	O
hints	O
to	O
provide	O
guidance	O

When	O
a	O
better	O
interface	O
and	O
easy	O
navigation	O
are	O
n't	O
enough	O
:	O
examining	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
law	B-KEY
enforcement	I-KEY
agency	I-KEY
An	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
easily	O
navigate	O
through	O
a	O
system	O
and	O
quickly	O
recover	O
from	O
mistakes	O
is	O
often	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
highly	O
usable	O
system	O
.	O
But	O
usability	O
in	O
systems	O
design	O
goes	O
beyond	O
a	O
good	O
interface	O
and	O
efficient	O
navigation	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
article	O
we	O
describe	O
two	O
database	O
systems	O
in	O
a	O
law	B-KEY
enforcement	I-KEY
agency	I-KEY
.	O
One	O
system	O
is	O
a	O
legacy	O
,	O
text-based	O
system	O
with	O
cumbersome	O
navigation	O
-LRB-	O
RMS	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
;	O
the	O
newer	O
system	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-KEY
user	I-KEY
interface	I-KEY
with	O
simplified	B-KEY
navigation	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CopNet	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
law	B-KEY
enforcement	I-KEY
users	I-KEY
will	O
evaluate	O
CopNet	B-KEY
higher	O
than	O
RMS	B-KEY
,	O
but	O
experts	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
system	O
will	O
evaluate	O
it	O
higher	O
than	O
others	O
will	O
.	O
We	O
conducted	O
two	O
user	O
studies	O
.	O
One	O
study	O
examined	O
what	O
users	O
thought	O
of	O
RMS	B-KEY
and	O
CopNet	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
compared	O
RMS	B-KEY
experts	O
'	O
evaluations	O
with	O
nonexperts	O
.	O
We	O
found	O
that	O
all	O
users	O
evaluated	O
CopNet	B-KEY
as	O
more	O
effective	O
,	O
easier	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
easier	O
to	O
navigate	O
than	O
RMS	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
this	O
was	O
especially	O
noticeable	O
for	O
users	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
experts	O
with	O
the	O
older	O
system	O
.	O
The	O
second	O
,	O
follow-up	O
study	O
examined	O
use	O
behavior	O
after	O
CopNet	B-KEY
was	O
deployed	O
some	O
time	O
later	O
.	O
The	O
findings	O
revealed	O
that	O
evaluations	O
of	O
CopNet	B-KEY
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
its	O
use	O
.	O
If	O
the	O
newer	O
system	O
had	O
a	O
better	O
interface	O
and	O
was	O
easier	O
to	O
navigate	O
than	O
the	O
older	O
,	O
legacy	O
system	O
,	O
why	O
were	O
law	O
enforcement	O
personnel	O
reluctant	O
to	O
switch	O
?	O
We	O
discuss	O
reasons	O
why	O
switching	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
system	O
is	O
difficult	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
most	O
adept	O
at	O
using	O
the	O
older	O
system	O
.	O
Implications	O
for	O
system	O
design	O
and	O
usability	O
are	O
also	O
discussed	O

Acquiring	O
materials	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
science	B-KEY
,	O
technology	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
medicine	B-KEY
This	O
article	O
provides	O
detailed	O
advice	O
on	O
acquiring	O
new	O
,	O
out-of-print	O
,	O
and	O
rare	B-KEY
materials	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
science	B-KEY
,	O
technology	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
medicine	B-KEY
for	O
the	O
beginner	O
in	O
these	O
fields	O
.	O
The	O
focus	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
policy	B-KEY
formation	I-KEY
,	O
basic	B-KEY
reference	I-KEY
tools	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
methods	O
of	O
collection	B-KEY
development	I-KEY
and	O
acquisitions	O
that	O
are	O
the	O
necessary	O
basis	O
for	O
success	O
in	O
this	O
endeavor	O

An	O
identity-based	B-KEY
society	I-KEY
oriented	I-KEY
signature	I-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
with	O
anonymous	B-KEY
signers	I-KEY
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
society	O
oriented	O
scheme	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Guillou-Quisquater	O
-LRB-	O
1989	O
-RRB-	O
signature	O
scheme	O
.	O
The	O
scheme	O
is	O
identity-based	O
and	O
the	O
signatures	O
are	O
verified	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
only	O
one	O
identity	O
.	O
That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
verifier	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
co-signers	O
,	O
but	O
just	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
organization	O
they	O
represent	O

The	O
congenial	B-KEY
talking	I-KEY
philosophers	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
in	O
computer	B-KEY
networks	I-KEY
Group	B-KEY
mutual	I-KEY
exclusion	I-KEY
occurs	O
naturally	O
in	O
situations	O
where	O
a	O
resource	O
can	O
be	O
shared	O
by	O
processes	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
processes	O
of	O
different	O
groups	O
.	O
For	O
example	O
,	O
suppose	O
data	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
CD-jukebox	O
.	O
Then	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
disc	O
is	O
loaded	O
for	O
access	O
,	O
users	O
that	O
need	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
disc	O
can	O
concurrently	O
access	O
the	O
disc	O
,	O
while	O
users	O
that	O
need	O
data	O
on	O
a	O
different	O
disc	O
have	O
to	O
wait	O
until	O
the	O
current	O
disc	O
is	O
unloaded	O
.	O
The	O
design	O
issues	O
for	O
group	B-KEY
mutual	I-KEY
exclusion	I-KEY
have	O
been	O
modeled	O
as	O
the	O
Congenial	B-KEY
Talking	I-KEY
Philosophers	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
solutions	O
for	O
shared	O
memory	O
models	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
-LRB-	O
Y.-J	O
.	O
Young	O
,	O
2000	O
;	O
P.	O
Keane	O
and	O
M.	O
Moir	O
,	O
1999	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
As	O
in	O
ordinary	O
mutual	O
exclusion	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
problems	O
in	O
distributed	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
however	O
,	O
techniques	O
developed	O
for	O
shared	O
memory	O
do	O
not	O
necessarily	O
apply	O
to	O
message	O
passing	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
We	O
investigate	O
solutions	O
for	O
Congenial	O
Talking	O
Philosophers	O
in	O
computer	B-KEY
networks	I-KEY
where	O
processes	B-KEY
communicate	I-KEY
by	O
asynchronous	B-KEY
message	I-KEY
passing	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
first	O
present	O
a	O
solution	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
straightforward	O
adaptation	O
from	O
G.	O
Ricart	O
and	O
A.K.	O
Agrawala	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1981	O
-RRB-	O
algorithm	O
for	O
ordinary	O
mutual	O
exclusion	O
.	O
Then	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
simple	O
modification	O
suffers	O
a	O
severe	O
performance	O
degradation	O
that	O
could	O
cause	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
behave	O
as	O
though	O
only	O
one	O
process	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
can	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
critical	B-KEY
section	I-KEY
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O
We	O
then	O
present	O
a	O
more	O
efficient	O
and	O
highly	O
concurrent	B-KEY
distributed	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
such	O
solution	O
in	O
computer	B-KEY
networks	I-KEY

Using	O
Internet	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
engines	I-KEY
to	O
estimate	O
word	O
frequency	O
The	O
present	O
research	O
investigated	O
Internet	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
engines	I-KEY
as	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
cost-effective	O
alternative	O
for	O
estimating	O
word	O
frequencies	O
.	O
Frequency	O
estimates	O
for	O
382	O
words	O
were	O
obtained	O
and	O
compared	O
across	O
four	O
methods	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
Internet	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
engines	I-KEY
,	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
Kucera	O
and	O
Francis	O
-LRB-	O
1967	O
-RRB-	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
traditional	O
linguistic	B-KEY
corpus	I-KEY
,	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
CELEX	B-KEY
English	I-KEY
linguistic	I-KEY
database	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Baayen	O
et	O
al.	O
,	O
1995	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
4	O
-RRB-	O
participant	O
ratings	O
of	O
familiarity	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
Internet	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
engines	I-KEY
produced	O
frequency	O
estimates	O
that	O
were	O
highly	O
consistent	O
with	O
those	O
reported	O
by	O
Kucera	O
and	O
Francis	O
and	O
those	O
calculated	O
from	O
CELEX	O
,	O
highly	O
consistent	O
across	O
search	O
engines	O
,	O
and	O
very	O
reliable	O
over	O
a	O
6	O
month	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
Additional	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
Internet	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
engines	I-KEY
are	O
an	O
excellent	O
option	O
when	O
traditional	O
word	O
frequency	O
analyses	O
do	O
not	O
contain	O
the	O
necessary	O
data	O
-LRB-	O
e.g.	O
,	O
estimates	O
for	O
forenames	O
and	O
slang	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
participants	O
'	O
familiarity	O
judgments	O
did	O
not	O
correspond	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
more	O
objective	O
estimates	O
of	O
word	O
frequency	O
.	O
Researchers	O
are	O
advised	O
to	O
use	O
search	O
engines	O
with	O
large	B-KEY
databases	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
e.g.	O
,	O
AltaVista	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
greatest	O
representativeness	O
of	O
the	O
frequency	O
estimates	O

Model	B-KEY
predictive	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
helps	O
to	O
regulate	O
slow	O
processes-robust	O
barrel	O
temperature	O
control	O
Slow	O
temperature	O
control	O
is	O
a	O
challenging	O
control	O
problem	O
.	O
The	O
problem	O
becomes	O
even	O
more	O
challenging	O
when	O
multiple	O
zones	O
are	O
involved	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
barrel	O
temperature	O
control	O
for	O
extruders	B-KEY
.	O
Often	O
,	O
strict	O
closed-loop	O
performance	O
requirements	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
fast	O
startup	O
with	O
no	O
overshoot	O
and	O
maintaining	O
tight	O
temperature	O
control	O
during	O
production	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
given	O
for	O
such	O
applications	O
.	O
When	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
examined	O
,	O
it	O
becomes	O
clear	O
that	O
a	O
commonly	O
used	O
proportional	O
plus	O
integral	O
plus	O
derivative	O
-LRB-	O
PID	O
-RRB-	O
controller	O
can	O
not	O
meet	O
such	O
performance	O
specifications	O
for	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
system	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
either	O
will	O
overshoot	O
or	O
not	O
maintain	O
the	O
temperature	O
within	O
the	O
specified	O
range	O
during	O
the	O
production	O
run	O
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
required	O
performance	O
,	O
a	O
control	O
strategy	O
that	O
utilizes	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
model	B-KEY
predictive	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
,	O
autotuning	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
multiple	B-KEY
parameter	I-KEY
PID	I-KEY
is	O
formulated	O
.	O
This	O
control	O
strategy	O
proves	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
effective	O
in	O
achieving	O
the	O
desired	O
specifications	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
very	O
robust	O

Controller	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
with	O
LQG	B-KEY
benchmark	I-KEY
obtained	O
under	O
closed	O
loop	O
conditions	O
This	O
paper	O
proposes	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
obtaining	O
a	O
linear	O
quadratic	O
Gaussian	O
-LRB-	O
LQG	O
-RRB-	O
benchmark	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
variances	O
of	O
process	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
from	O
closed-loop	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
,	O
for	O
assessing	O
the	O
controller	O
performance	O
.	O
LQG	B-KEY
benchmark	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
to	O
assess	O
controller	O
performance	O
since	O
the	O
LQG	O
tradeoff	O
curve	O
represents	O
the	O
limit	O
of	O
performance	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
variances	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
an	O
explicit	O
parametric	O
model	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
calculate	O
the	O
LQG	B-KEY
benchmark	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
data	O
driven	O
subspace	O
approach	O
to	O
calculate	O
the	O
LQG	B-KEY
benchmark	I-KEY
under	O
closed-loop	O
conditions	O
with	O
certain	O
external	O
excitations	O
.	O
The	O
optimal	O
LQG-benchmark	O
variances	O
are	O
obtained	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
subspace	B-KEY
matrices	I-KEY
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
deterministic	B-KEY
inputs	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
stochastic	B-KEY
inputs	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
are	O
identified	O
using	O
closed-loop	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
with	O
setpoint	O
excitation	O
.	O
These	O
variances	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
assessing	O
the	O
controller	O
performance	O
.	O
The	O
method	O
proposed	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
applicable	O
to	O
both	O
univariate	O
and	O
multivariate	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
Profit	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
feedforward	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
existing	O
feedback-only	O
control	O
system	O
is	O
also	O
analyzed	O
under	O
the	O
optimal	O
LQG	O
performance	O
framework	O

Prospective	O
on	O
computer	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY
in	O
power	O
The	O
so-called	O
``	O
deregulation	O
''	O
and	O
restructuring	O
of	O
the	O
electric	O
power	O
industry	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
industry	O
changes	O
and	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
much	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
envision	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
current	O
key	O
issues	O
and	O
major	O
developments	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
are	O
reviewed	O
to	O
provide	O
perspective	O
,	O
and	O
prospects	O
for	O
future	O
computer	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY
in	O
power	O
are	O
suggested	O
.	O
Technology	B-KEY
changes	I-KEY
are	O
occurring	O
at	O
an	O
exponential	O
rate	O
.	O
The	O
interconnected	B-KEY
bulk	I-KEY
electric	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
are	O
becoming	O
integrated	O
with	O
vast	O
networked	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
article	O
discusses	O
the	O
skills	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
needed	O
by	O
future	O
power	O
engineers	O
to	O
keep	O
pace	O
with	O
these	O
developments	O
and	O
trends	O

A	O
spatial	O
rainfall	O
simulator	O
for	O
crop	B-KEY
production	I-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
in	O
Southern	B-KEY
Africa	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
a	O
methodology	O
for	O
simulating	B-KEY
rainfall	I-KEY
in	O
dekads	O
across	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
spatial	O
units	O
in	O
areas	O
where	O
long-term	O
meteorological	O
records	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
sites	O
only	O
.	O
The	O
work	O
forms	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
simulation	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
food	O
system	O
in	O
a	O
district	O
of	O
Zimbabwe	B-KEY
,	O
which	O
includes	O
a	O
crop	O
production	O
component	O
for	O
yields	O
of	O
maize	O
,	O
small	O
grains	O
and	O
groundnuts	O
.	O
Only	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
meteorological	O
stations	O
are	O
available	O
within	O
or	O
surrounding	O
the	O
district	O
that	O
have	O
long	O
time	O
series	O
of	O
rainfall	B-KEY
records	I-KEY
.	O
Preliminary	O
analysis	O
of	O
rainfall	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
for	O
these	O
stations	O
suggested	O
that	O
intra-seasonal	O
temporal	O
correlation	O
was	O
negligible	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
rainfall	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
station	O
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
rainfall	O
at	O
neighbouring	O
stations	O
.	O
This	O
spatial	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
structure	O
can	O
be	O
modeled	O
using	O
a	O
multivariate	B-KEY
normal	I-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
consisting	O
of	O
30	O
related	O
variables	O
,	O
representing	O
dekadly	O
rainfall	O
in	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
30	O
wards	O
.	O
For	O
each	O
ward	O
,	O
log-transformed	O
rainfall	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
36	O
dekads	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
mean	O
and	O
standard	O
deviation	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
interpolated	O
from	O
surrounding	O
meteorological	O
stations	O
.	O
A	O
covariance	B-KEY
matrix	I-KEY
derived	O
from	O
a	O
distance	O
measure	O
was	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
spatial	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
between	O
wards	O
.	O
Sets	O
of	O
random	O
numbers	O
were	O
then	O
drawn	O
from	O
this	O
distribution	O
to	O
simulate	B-KEY
rainfall	I-KEY
across	O
the	O
wards	O
in	O
any	O
given	O
dekad	O
.	O
Cross-validation	O
of	O
estimated	O
rainfall	O
parameters	O
against	O
observed	O
parameters	O
for	O
the	O
one	O
meteorological	O
station	O
within	O
the	O
district	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
interpolation	O
process	O
works	O
well	O
.	O
The	O
methodology	O
developed	O
is	O
useful	O
in	O
situations	O
where	O
long-term	O
climatic	O
records	O
are	O
scarce	O
and	O
where	O
rainfall	O
shows	O
pronounced	O
spatial	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
negligible	O
temporal	O
correlation	O

Separation	O
and	O
tracking	O
of	O
multiple	O
broadband	O
sources	O
with	O
one	O
electromagnetic	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
sensor	I-KEY
A	O
structure	O
for	O
adaptively	O
separating	O
,	O
enhancing	O
and	O
tracking	O
uncorrelated	B-KEY
sources	I-KEY
with	O
an	O
electromagnetic	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
sensor	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
EMVS	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
structure	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
parallel	B-KEY
spatial	I-KEY
processors	I-KEY
,	O
one	O
for	O
each	O
individual	O
source	O
.	O
Two	O
stages	O
of	O
processing	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
each	O
spatial	O
processor	O
.	O
The	O
first	O
preprocessing	B-KEY
stage	I-KEY
rejects	O
all	O
other	O
sources	O
except	O
the	O
one	O
of	O
interest	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
second	O
stage	O
is	O
an	O
adaptive	O
one	O
for	O
maximizing	O
the	O
signal-to-noise	B-KEY
ratio	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SNR	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
tracking	O
the	O
desired	O
source	O
.	O
The	O
preprocessings	O
are	O
designed	O
using	O
the	O
latest	O
source	O
parameter	O
estimates	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
source	O
trackers	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
redesign	O
is	O
activated	O
periodically	O
or	O
whenever	O
any	O
source	O
has	O
been	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
source	O
trackers	O
to	O
have	O
made	O
significant	O
movement	O
.	O
Compared	O
with	O
conventional	O
adaptive	O
beamforming	O
,	O
the	O
algorithm	O
has	O
the	O
advantage	O
that	O
no	O
a	O
priori	O
information	O
on	O
any	O
desired	O
signal	O
location	O
is	O
needed	O
,	O
the	O
sources	O
are	O
separated	O
at	O
maximum	B-KEY
SNR	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
their	O
locations	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
The	O
structure	O
is	O
also	O
well	O
suited	O
for	O
parallel	B-KEY
implementation	I-KEY
.	O
Numerical	O
examples	O
are	O
included	O
to	O
illustrate	O
the	O
capability	O
and	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
algorithm	O

2002	O
in-house	B-KEY
fulfillment	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
report	O
-LSB-	O
publishing	O
-RSB-	O
CM	O
's	O
13th	O
annual	O
survey	B-KEY
of	O
in-house	B-KEY
fulfillment	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
suppliers	B-KEY
brings	O
you	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
on	O
the	O
current	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
publication	B-KEY
software	I-KEY
packages	I-KEY

Complexity	B-KEY
transitions	I-KEY
in	O
global	B-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
for	O
sparse	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
over	O
finite	B-KEY
fields	I-KEY
We	O
study	O
the	O
computational	O
complexity	O
of	O
a	O
very	O
basic	O
problem	O
,	O
namely	O
that	O
of	O
finding	O
solutions	O
to	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
set	O
of	O
random	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
finite	B-KEY
Galois	I-KEY
field	I-KEY
modulo	O
q.	O
Using	O
tools	O
from	O
statistical	B-KEY
mechanics	I-KEY
we	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
identify	O
phase	O
transitions	O
in	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
solution	O
space	O
and	O
to	O
connect	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
global	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
,	O
namely	O
Gaussian	B-KEY
elimination	I-KEY
.	O
Crossing	O
phase	B-KEY
boundaries	I-KEY
produces	O
a	O
dramatic	O
increase	O
in	O
memory	O
and	O
CPU	O
requirements	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
algorithms	O
.	O
In	O
turn	O
,	O
this	O
causes	O
the	O
saturation	O
of	O
the	O
upper	O
bounds	O
for	O
the	O
running	O
time	O
.	O
We	O
illustrate	O
the	O
results	O
on	O
the	O
specific	O
problem	O
of	O
integer	B-KEY
factorization	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
of	O
central	O
interest	O
for	O
deciphering	O
messages	O
encrypted	B-KEY
with	O
the	O
RSA	B-KEY
cryptosystem	I-KEY

Toward	O
an	O
Experimental	B-KEY
Timing	I-KEY
Standards	I-KEY
Lab	I-KEY
:	O
benchmarking	B-KEY
precision	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
real	O
world	O
Much	O
discussion	O
has	O
taken	O
place	O
over	O
the	O
relative	O
merits	O
of	O
various	O
platforms	O
and	O
operating	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
for	O
real-time	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
collection	I-KEY
.	O
Most	O
would	O
agree	O
that	O
,	O
provided	O
great	O
care	O
is	O
taken	O
,	O
many	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
millisecond	B-KEY
timing	I-KEY
precision	I-KEY
.	O
However	O
,	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
much	O
of	O
this	O
work	O
has	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
theoretical	O
aspects	O
of	O
raw	O
performance	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
our	O
belief	O
that	O
researchers	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
informed	O
if	O
they	O
could	O
place	O
confidence	O
limits	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
specific	O
paradigms	O
in	O
situ	O
and	O
without	O
modification	O
.	O
To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
millisecond	O
precision	O
test	O
rig	O
that	O
can	O
control	O
and	O
time	O
experiments	O
on	O
a	O
second	O
presentation	O
machine	O
.	O
We	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
specialist	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
used	O
.	O
We	O
elucidate	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
approach	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
real-world	O
experimentation	O

The	O
evolution	O
of	O
information	O
systems	O
:	O
Their	O
impact	O
on	O
organizations	O
and	O
structures	O
Information	O
systems	O
and	O
organization	O
structures	O
have	O
been	O
highly	O
interconnected	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
Over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
information	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
architectures	I-KEY
as	O
well	O
as	O
organization	O
structures	O
have	O
evolved	O
from	O
centralized	O
to	O
more	O
decentralized	O
forms	O
.	O
This	O
research	O
looks	O
at	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
both	O
information	O
systems	O
and	O
organization	O
structures	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
it	O
looks	O
into	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
computers	O
on	O
organizations	O
,	O
and	O
examines	O
the	O
ways	O
organization	O
structures	O
have	O
changed	O
,	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
changes	O
in	O
information	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
architectures	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
also	O
suggests	O
logical	O
linkages	O
between	O
information	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
architectures	I-KEY
and	O
their	O
``	O
fit	O
''	O
with	O
certain	O
organization	O
structures	O
and	O
strategies	O
.	O
It	O
concludes	O
with	O
some	O
implications	O
for	O
emerging	O
and	O
future	O
organizational	O
forms	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
quick	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
on	O
small	O
businesses	O
traditionally	O
using	O
stand-alone	O
computers	O

An	O
efficient	O
parallel	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
calculation	O
of	O
canonical	B-KEY
MP2	I-KEY
energies	I-KEY
We	O
present	O
the	O
parallel	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
previous	O
serial	O
algorithm	O
for	O
the	O
efficient	O
calculation	O
of	O
canonical	B-KEY
MP2	I-KEY
energies	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Saebo-Almlof	B-KEY
direct-integral	I-KEY
transformation	I-KEY
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
an	O
efficient	O
prescreening	O
of	O
the	O
AO	B-KEY
integrals	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
parallel	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
avoids	O
synchronization	B-KEY
delays	I-KEY
by	O
spawning	O
a	O
second	O
set	O
of	O
slaves	O
during	O
the	O
bin-sort	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
second	B-KEY
half-transformation	I-KEY
.	O
Results	O
are	O
presented	O
for	O
systems	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
2000	O
basis	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
.	O
MP2	B-KEY
energies	I-KEY
for	O
molecules	O
with	O
400-500	O
basis	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
routinely	O
calculated	O
to	O
microhartree	B-KEY
accuracy	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
processors	O
-LRB-	O
6-8	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
minutes	O
with	O
modern	O
PC-based	B-KEY
parallel	I-KEY
computers	I-KEY

Capturing	O
niche	B-KEY
markets	I-KEY
with	O
copper	O
For	O
``	O
last-mile	B-KEY
access	I-KEY
''	O
in	O
niche	O
applications	O
,	O
twisted	B-KEY
copper	I-KEY
pair	I-KEY
may	O
be	O
the	O
cable	O
of	O
best	O
option	O
to	O
gain	O
access	O
and	O
deliver	O
desired	O
services	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
discusses	O
how	O
operators	O
can	O
use	O
network	B-KEY
edge	I-KEY
devices	I-KEY
to	O
serve	O
new	O
customers	O
.	O
Niche	B-KEY
market	I-KEY
segments	O
represent	O
a	O
significant	O
opportunity	O
for	O
cable	O
TV	O
delivery	O
of	O
television	O
and	O
high-speed	O
Internet	O
signals	O
.	O
But	O
the	O
existing	O
telecommunications	O
infrastructure	O
in	O
those	O
developments	O
frequently	O
presents	O
unique	O
challenges	O
for	O
the	O
service	O
provider	O
to	O
overcome	O

On	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
ensembles	I-KEY
in	O
QSAR	B-KEY
and	O
QSPR	B-KEY
Despite	O
their	O
growing	O
popularity	O
among	O
neural	O
network	O
practitioners	O
,	O
ensemble	O
methods	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
widely	O
adopted	O
in	O
structure-activity	O
and	O
structure-property	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
.	O
Neural	O
networks	O
are	O
inherently	O
unstable	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
small	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
training	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
and/or	O
training	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
can	O
lead	O
to	O
large	O
changes	O
in	O
their	O
generalization	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
.	O
Recent	O
research	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
by	O
capitalizing	O
on	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
models	O
,	O
ensemble	O
techniques	O
can	O
minimize	O
uncertainty	B-KEY
and	O
produce	O
more	O
stable	O
and	O
accurate	O
predictors	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
critical	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
ensemble	O
technique	O
known	O
as	O
bootstrap	B-KEY
aggregation	I-KEY
,	O
or	O
bagging	B-KEY
,	O
as	O
applied	O
to	O
QSAR	B-KEY
and	O
QSPR	B-KEY
.	O
Although	O
aggregation	O
does	O
offer	O
definitive	O
advantages	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
bagging	B-KEY
may	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
choice	O
and	O
that	O
simpler	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
retraining	B-KEY
with	O
the	O
full	O
sample	O
can	O
often	O
produce	O
superior	O
results	O
.	O
These	O
findings	O
are	O
rationalized	O
using	O
Krogh	O
and	O
Vedelsby	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1995	O
-RRB-	O
decomposition	O
of	O
the	O
generalization	O
error	O
into	O
a	O
term	O
that	O
measures	O
the	O
average	O
generalization	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
individual	O
networks	O
and	O
a	O
term	O
that	O
measures	O
the	O
diversity	O
among	O
them	O
.	O
For	O
networks	O
that	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
resist	O
over-fitting	O
,	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
aggregation	O
are	O
clear	O
but	O
not	O
overwhelming	O

The	O
ubiquitous	O
provisioning	O
of	O
internet	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
to	O
portable	O
devices	O
Advances	O
in	O
mobile	B-KEY
telecommunications	I-KEY
and	O
device	B-KEY
miniaturization	I-KEY
call	O
for	O
providing	O
both	O
standard	O
and	O
novel	O
location	O
-	O
and	O
context-dependent	O
Internet	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
to	O
mobile	B-KEY
clients	I-KEY
.	O
Mobile	B-KEY
agents	I-KEY
are	O
dynamic	O
,	O
asynchronous	O
,	O
and	O
autonomous	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
MA	O
programming	O
paradigm	O
suitable	O
for	O
developing	O
novel	O
middleware	B-KEY
for	O
mobility-enabled	B-KEY
services	I-KEY

Choice	O
from	O
a	O
three-element	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
:	O
some	O
lessons	O
of	O
the	O
2000	B-KEY
presidential	I-KEY
campaign	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
We	O
consider	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
four	O
choice	O
rules	O
-	O
plurality	B-KEY
voting	I-KEY
,	O
approval	B-KEY
voting	I-KEY
,	O
Borda	B-KEY
count	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
self-consistent	B-KEY
choice	I-KEY
-	O
when	O
applied	O
to	O
choose	O
the	O
best	O
option	O
from	O
a	O
three-element	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
assumed	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
options	O
are	O
preferred	O
by	O
a	O
large	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
voters	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
third	O
option	O
gets	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
votes	O
and	O
influences	O
the	O
election	O
outcome	O
only	O
when	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
options	O
receive	O
a	O
close	O
number	O
of	O
votes	O
.	O
When	O
used	O
to	O
rate	O
the	O
main	O
options	O
,	O
Borda	B-KEY
count	I-KEY
and	O
self-consistent	B-KEY
choice	I-KEY
contain	O
terms	O
that	O
allow	O
both	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
strength	O
of	O
preferences	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
voters	O
and	O
the	O
rating	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
candidates	O
by	O
voters	O
who	O
vote	O
for	O
the	O
third	O
option	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
it	O
becomes	O
possible	O
to	O
determine	O
more	O
reliably	O
the	O
winner	O
when	O
plurality	B-KEY
voting	I-KEY
or	O
approval	B-KEY
voting	I-KEY
produce	O
close	O
results	O

Color	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
interpolation	I-KEY
using	O
alternating	B-KEY
projections	I-KEY
Most	O
commercial	O
digital	B-KEY
cameras	I-KEY
use	O
color	B-KEY
filter	I-KEY
arrays	I-KEY
to	O
sample	O
red	O
,	O
green	O
,	O
and	O
blue	O
colors	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
pattern	O
.	O
At	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
each	O
pixel	O
only	O
one	O
color	O
sample	O
is	O
taken	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
colors	O
must	O
be	O
interpolated	O
using	O
neighboring	O
samples	O
.	O
This	O
color	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
interpolation	I-KEY
is	O
known	O
as	O
demosaicing	B-KEY
;	O
it	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
tasks	O
in	O
a	O
digital	B-KEY
camera	I-KEY
pipeline	O
.	O
If	O
demosaicing	B-KEY
is	O
not	O
performed	O
appropriately	O
,	O
images	O
suffer	O
from	O
highly	O
visible	O
color	B-KEY
artifacts	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
new	O
demosaicing	B-KEY
technique	O
that	O
uses	O
inter-channel	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
effectively	O
in	O
an	O
alternating-projections	O
scheme	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
compared	O
this	O
technique	O
with	O
six	O
state-of-the-art	O
demosaicing	B-KEY
techniques	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
outperforms	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
both	O
visually	O
and	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
mean	O
square	O
error	O

Synthetic	B-KEY
simultaneity	I-KEY
-	O
natural	O
and	O
artificial	O
In	O
control	B-KEY
loops	I-KEY
,	O
each	O
element	O
introduces	O
time	B-KEY
delays	I-KEY
.	O
If	O
those	O
time	B-KEY
delays	I-KEY
are	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
critical	B-KEY
times	I-KEY
for	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
problem	O
exists	O
.	O
I	O
show	O
a	O
simple	O
approach	O
to	O
mitigating	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
basing	O
the	O
controller	O
's	O
decisions	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
observations	B-KEY
themselves	O
but	O
on	O
our	O
projections	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
observations	B-KEY
will	O
be	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
our	O
controls	O
reach	O
the	O
controlled	O
system	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
I	O
argue	O
that	O
synthetic	B-KEY
simultaneity	I-KEY
explains	O
Libet	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1993	O
-RRB-	O
results	O
better	O
than	O
Libet	O
's	O
explanation	O

Online	O
masquerade	O
:	O
whose	O
e-mail	B-KEY
is	O
it	O
?	O
E-mails	B-KEY
carrying	O
viruses	B-KEY
like	O
the	O
recent	O
Klez	B-KEY
worm	I-KEY
use	O
deceptively	O
simple	O
techniques	O
and	O
known	O
vulnerabilities	B-KEY
to	O
spread	O
from	O
one	O
computer	O
to	O
another	O
with	O
ease	O

Adaptive	B-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
for	O
noise	B-KEY
reduction	I-KEY
in	O
hue	O
saturation	B-KEY
intensity	B-KEY
color	O
space	O
Even	O
though	O
the	O
hue	O
saturation	B-KEY
intensity	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
HSI	O
-RRB-	O
color	O
model	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
color	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
processing	I-KEY
and	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
conversion	O
formulas	O
from	O
the	O
RGB	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
to	O
HSI	O
are	O
nonlinear	O
and	O
complicated	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
conversion	O
formulas	O
of	O
other	O
color	O
models	O
.	O
When	O
an	O
RGB	O
image	O
is	O
degraded	O
by	O
random	B-KEY
Gaussian	I-KEY
noise	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
nonlinearity	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
nonuniform	B-KEY
noise	O
distribution	O
in	O
HSI	O
,	O
making	O
accurate	O
image	O
analysis	O
more	O
difficult	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
analyzed	O
the	O
noise	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
HSI	O
color	O
model	O
and	O
developed	O
an	O
adaptive	B-KEY
spatial	I-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
noise	O
and	O
the	O
nonuniformity	B-KEY
of	O
noise	B-KEY
variance	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
HSI	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
space	I-KEY
.	O
With	O
this	O
adaptive	B-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
method	O
,	O
the	O
filter	B-KEY
kernel	I-KEY
for	O
each	O
pixel	B-KEY
is	O
dynamically	O
adjusted	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
intensity	B-KEY
and	O
saturation	B-KEY
.	O
In	O
our	O
experiments	O
we	O
have	O
filtered	O
the	O
saturation	B-KEY
and	O
hue	O
components	O
and	O
generated	B-KEY
edge	I-KEY
maps	I-KEY
from	O
color	B-KEY
gradients	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
adaptive	B-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
method	O
,	O
the	O
minimum	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
rate	I-KEY
in	O
edge	B-KEY
detection	I-KEY
improves	O
by	O
approximately	O
15	O
%	O

Note	O
on	O
``	O
Deterministic	B-KEY
inventory	I-KEY
lot-size	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
under	O
inflation	B-KEY
with	O
shortages	O
and	O
deterioration	O
for	O
fluctuating	B-KEY
demand	I-KEY
''	O
by	O
Yang	O
et	O
al	O
For	O
original	O
paper	O
see	O
H.-L	O
.	O
Yang	O
et	O
al.	O
,	O
ibid.	O
,	O
vol	O
.48	O
,	O
p.144-58	O
-LRB-	O
2001	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Yang	O
et	O
al.	O
extended	O
the	O
lot-size	O
models	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
inflation	B-KEY
and	O
fluctuating	B-KEY
demand	I-KEY
.	O
For	O
this	O
model	O
they	O
proved	O
that	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
replenishment	I-KEY
schedule	I-KEY
exists	O
and	O
is	O
unique	O
.	O
They	O
also	O
proposed	O
an	O
algorithm	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
optimal	O
policy	O
.	O
The	O
present	O
paper	O
provides	O
examples	O
,	O
which	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
replenishment	I-KEY
schedule	I-KEY
and	O
consequently	O
the	O
overall	O
optimal	O
policy	O
may	O
not	O
exist	O

Industrial/sup	O
IT	O
/	O
for	O
performance	O
buildings	O
ABB	B-KEY
has	O
taken	O
a	O
close	O
look	O
at	O
how	O
buildings	O
are	O
used	O
and	O
has	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
radical	O
solution	O
for	O
the	O
technical	B-KEY
infrastructure	I-KEY
that	O
places	O
the	O
end-user	O
's	O
processes	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
and	O
integrates	O
all	O
the	O
building	O
's	O
systems	O
around	O
their	O
needs	O
.	O
The	O
new	O
solution	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
realization	O
that	O
tasks	O
like	O
setting	O
up	O
an	O
office	O
meeting	O
,	O
registering	O
a	O
hotel	O
guest	O
or	O
moving	O
a	O
patient	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
,	O
can	O
all	O
benefit	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
Industrial	B-KEY
IT	I-KEY
concepts	I-KEY
employed	O
by	O
ABB	B-KEY
to	O
optimize	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
the	O
automotive	O
industry	O

General	O
solution	O
of	O
a	O
density	O
functionally	O
gradient	O
piezoelectric	O
cantilever	O
and	O
its	O
applications	O
We	O
have	O
used	O
the	O
plane	B-KEY
strain	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
of	O
transversely	B-KEY
isotropic	I-KEY
bodies	I-KEY
to	O
study	O
a	O
piezoelectric	O
cantilever	O
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
general	O
solution	O
of	O
a	O
density	O
functionally	O
gradient	O
piezoelectric	O
cantilever	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
used	O
the	O
inverse	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
the	O
Airy	B-KEY
stress	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
method	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
obtained	O
the	O
stress	O
and	O
induction	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
polynomials	B-KEY
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
general	O
solution	O
of	O
the	O
beam	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
this	O
general	O
solution	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
deduced	O
the	O
solutions	O
of	O
the	O
cantilever	O
under	O
different	O
loading	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
as	O
applications	O
of	O
this	O
general	O
solution	O
in	O
engineering	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
studied	O
the	O
tip	O
deflection	O
and	O
blocking	O
force	O
of	O
a	O
piezoelectric	B-KEY
cantilever	I-KEY
actuator	I-KEY
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
addressed	O
a	O
method	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
density	B-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
profile	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
given	O
piezoelectric	B-KEY
material	I-KEY

Limits	O
for	O
computational	B-KEY
electromagnetics	I-KEY
codes	I-KEY
imposed	O
by	O
computer	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
The	O
algorithmic	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
innermost	B-KEY
loops	I-KEY
that	O
determine	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
algorithms	O
in	O
computational	O
electromagnetics	O
-LRB-	O
CEM	O
-RRB-	O
codes	O
are	O
analyzed	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
operation	B-KEY
count	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
computer	B-KEY
hardware	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
memory	B-KEY
chips	I-KEY
are	O
much	O
slower	O
than	O
arithmetic	O
processors	O
,	O
codes	O
that	O
involve	O
a	O
high	O
data	B-KEY
movement	I-KEY
compared	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
arithmetic	O
operations	O
are	O
executed	O
comparatively	O
slower	O
.	O
Hence	O
,	O
matrix-matrix	B-KEY
multiplications	I-KEY
are	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
matrix-vector	B-KEY
multiplications	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
seen	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
compare	O
only	O
the	O
complexity	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
actual	O
performance	O
of	O
algorithms	O
to	O
judge	O
on	O
faster	O
execution	O
.	O
Implications	O
involve	O
FDTD	B-KEY
loops	I-KEY
,	O
LU	B-KEY
factorizations	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
iterative	B-KEY
solvers	I-KEY
for	O
dense	B-KEY
matrices	I-KEY
.	O
Run	O
times	O
on	O
two	O
reference	O
platforms	O
,	O
namely	O
an	O
Athlon	O
900	O
MHz	O
and	O
an	O
HP	O
PA	O
8600	O
processor	O
,	O
verify	O
the	O
findings	O

Explanations	O
for	O
the	O
perpetration	O
of	O
and	O
reactions	O
to	O
deception	O
in	O
a	O
virtual	B-KEY
community	I-KEY
Cases	O
of	O
identity	B-KEY
deception	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
are	O
not	O
uncommon	O
.	O
Several	O
cases	O
of	O
a	O
revealed	O
identity	B-KEY
deception	I-KEY
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
media	O
.	O
The	O
authors	O
examine	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
deception	O
in	O
an	O
online	B-KEY
community	I-KEY
composed	O
primarily	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
professionals	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
an	O
established	O
community	O
member	O
-LRB-	O
DF	O
-RRB-	O
invented	O
a	O
character	O
-LRB-	O
Nowheremom	O
-RRB-	O
whom	O
he	O
fell	O
in	O
love	O
with	O
and	O
who	O
was	O
eventually	O
killed	O
in	O
a	O
tragic	O
accident	O
.	O
When	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
eventually	O
began	O
to	O
question	O
Nowheremom	O
's	O
actual	O
identity	O
,	O
DF	O
admitted	O
that	O
he	O
invented	O
her	O
.	O
The	O
discussion	O
board	O
was	O
flooded	O
with	O
reactions	O
to	O
DF	O
's	O
revelation	O
.	O
The	O
authors	O
propose	O
several	O
explanations	O
for	O
the	O
perpetration	O
of	O
identity	B-KEY
deception	I-KEY
,	O
including	O
psychiatric	B-KEY
illness	I-KEY
,	O
identity	O
play	O
,	O
and	O
expressions	O
of	O
true	O
self	O
.	O
They	O
also	O
analyze	O
the	O
reactions	O
of	O
community	O
members	O
and	O
propose	O
three	O
related	O
explanations	O
-LRB-	O
social	O
identity	O
,	O
deviance	O
,	O
and	O
norm	O
violation	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
their	O
reactions	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
argued	O
that	O
virtual	B-KEY
communities	I-KEY
'	O
reactions	O
to	O
such	O
threatening	O
events	O
provide	O
invaluable	O
clues	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
group	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY

Integrating	O
building	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
and	O
facilities	O
management	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
Recently	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
interest	O
to	O
adopt	O
the	O
Internet/intranet	O
to	O
develop	O
building	O
management	O
systems	O
-LRB-	O
BMS	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
facilities	O
management	O
systems	O
-LRB-	O
FMS	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
addresses	O
two	O
technical	O
issues	O
:	O
the	O
Web-based	B-KEY
access	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
including	O
database	B-KEY
integration	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
BMS	B-KEY
and	O
FMS	B-KEY
.	O
These	O
should	O
be	O
addressed	O
for	O
accessing	O
BMS	B-KEY
remotely	O
via	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
integrating	O
control	O
networks	O
using	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
protocols	I-KEY
and	O
infrastructures	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
Internet/intranet	O
for	O
building	O
facilities	O
management	O
.	O
An	O
experimental	O
Internet-enabled	O
system	O
that	O
integrates	O
building	O
and	O
facilities	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
tested	O
.	O
This	O
system	O
integrated	O
open	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
networks	I-KEY
with	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
is	O
developed	O
utilizing	O
the	O
embedded	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
server	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
PC	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
server	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
Distributed	B-KEY
Component	I-KEY
Object	I-KEY
Model	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DCOM	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
software	B-KEY
development	I-KEY
technology	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
platform	O
of	O
an	O
open	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
network	I-KEY
.	O
Three	O
strategies	O
for	O
interconnecting	O
BMS	B-KEY
local	O
networks	O
via	O
Internet/intranet	O
are	O
presented	O
and	O
analyzed	O

Causes	O
of	O
the	O
decline	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
school	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
course	O
The	O
business	O
school	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
course	O
is	O
suffering	O
serious	O
decline	O
.	O
The	O
traditional	O
model	O
-	O
and	O
algorithm-based	O
course	O
fails	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
MBA	B-KEY
programs	I-KEY
and	O
students	O
.	O
Poor	O
student	O
mathematical	O
preparation	O
is	O
a	O
reality	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
acceptable	O
justification	O
for	O
poor	O
teaching	O
outcomes	O
.	O
Management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
Ph.D.	O
s	O
are	O
often	O
poorly	O
prepared	O
to	O
teach	O
in	O
a	O
general	O
management	O
program	O
,	O
having	O
more	O
experience	O
and	O
interest	O
in	O
algorithms	O
than	O
management	O
.	O
The	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
profession	B-KEY
as	O
a	O
whole	O
has	O
focused	O
its	O
attention	O
on	O
algorithms	O
and	O
a	O
narrow	O
subset	O
of	O
management	O
problems	O
for	O
which	O
they	O
are	O
most	O
applicable	O
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
MBA	O
's	O
rarely	O
encounter	O
problems	O
that	O
are	O
suitable	O
for	O
straightforward	O
application	O
of	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
tools	O
,	O
living	O
instead	O
in	O
a	O
world	O
where	O
problems	O
are	O
ill-defined	O
,	O
data	O
is	O
scarce	O
,	O
time	O
is	O
short	O
,	O
politics	O
is	O
dominant	O
,	O
and	O
rational	O
``	O
decision	O
makers	O
''	O
are	O
non-existent	O
.	O
The	O
root	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
profession	B-KEY
's	O
failure	O
to	O
address	O
these	O
issues	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
-LRB-	O
in	O
Russell	O
Ackoff	O
's	O
words	O
-RRB-	O
a	O
habit	O
of	O
professional	O
introversion	O
that	O
caused	O
the	O
profession	B-KEY
to	O
be	O
uninterested	O
in	O
what	O
MBA	O
's	O
really	O
do	O
on	O
the	O
job	O
and	O
how	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
can	O
help	O
them	O

Neighborhood	B-KEY
operator	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
and	O
approximations	O
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
generalizing	O
the	O
standard	O
notion	O
of	O
equivalence	B-KEY
relation	I-KEY
in	O
rough	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
approximation	I-KEY
space	I-KEY
with	O
various	O
categories	O
of	O
k-step	B-KEY
neighborhood	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
Based	O
on	O
a	O
binary	B-KEY
relation	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
finite	B-KEY
universe	I-KEY
,	O
six	O
families	O
of	O
binary	B-KEY
relations	I-KEY
are	O
obtained	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
six	O
classes	O
of	O
k-step	B-KEY
neighborhood	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
are	O
derived	O
.	O
Extensions	O
of	O
Pawlak	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1982	O
-RRB-	O
rough	O
set	O
approximation	O
operators	O
based	O
on	O
such	O
neighborhood	O
systems	O
are	O
proposed	O
.	O
Properties	O
of	O
neighborhood	B-KEY
operator	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
and	O
rough	O
set	O
approximation	O
operators	O
are	O
investigated	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
connections	O
are	O
examined	O

Psychology	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
This	O
article	O
presents	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
is	O
being	O
used	O
to	O
assist	O
psychological	B-KEY
research	O
and	O
mediate	O
psychological	O
practice	O
.	O
It	O
shows	O
how	O
psychologists	O
are	O
using	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
to	O
examine	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
people	O
and	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
highlights	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
ways	O
that	O
this	O
research	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
useable	O
and	O
acceptable	O
computer	O
systems	O
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
this	O
introduction	O
reviews	O
the	O
research	O
presented	O
at	O
the	O
International	O
Conference	O
on	O
Psychology	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
held	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
.	O
The	O
final	O
part	O
introduces	O
the	O
eight	O
articles	O
in	O
this	O
special	O
edition	O
.	O
The	O
articles	O
are	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
breadth	O
of	O
research	O
being	O
conducted	O
on	O
psychology	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
:	O
there	O
are	O
two	O
on	O
methodological	B-KEY
issues	I-KEY
,	O
three	O
on	O
group	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
,	O
one	O
on	O
organizational	B-KEY
implications	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
two	O
on	O
social	B-KEY
implications	I-KEY
of	O
Internet	B-KEY
use	O

A	O
new	O
subspace	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
approach	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
principal	B-KEY
component	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
Principal	B-KEY
component	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
PCA	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
monitoring	O
complex	O
industrial	O
processes	O
with	O
multiple	O
variables	O
and	O
diagnosing	O
process	O
and	O
sensor	O
faults	O
.	O
The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
subspace	O
identification	O
algorithm	O
that	O
gives	O
consistent	O
model	O
estimates	O
under	O
the	O
errors-in-variables	O
-LRB-	O
EIV	O
-RRB-	O
situation	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
subspace	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
approach	I-KEY
using	O
principal	B-KEY
component	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
.	O
PCA	B-KEY
naturally	O
falls	O
into	O
the	O
category	O
of	O
EIV	O
formulation	O
,	O
which	O
resembles	O
total	O
least	O
squares	O
and	O
allows	O
for	O
errors	O
in	O
both	O
process	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
to	O
use	O
PCA	B-KEY
to	O
determine	O
the	O
system	B-KEY
observability	I-KEY
subspace	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
matrices	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
order	O
for	O
an	O
EIV	O
formulation	O
.	O
Standard	O
PCA	B-KEY
is	O
modified	O
with	O
instrumental	O
variables	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
consistent	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
matrices	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
subspace	O
identification	O
method	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
using	O
a	O
simulated	O
process	O
and	O
a	O
real	O
industrial	O
process	O
for	O
model	O
identification	O
and	O
order	O
determination	O
.	O
For	O
comparison	O
the	O
MOESP	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
and	O
N4SID	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
are	O
used	O
as	O
benchmarks	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
PCA	B-KEY
based	O
subspace	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
identification	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SMI	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
algorithm	O

Much	O
ado	O
about	O
nothing	O
:	O
Win32.Perrun	B-KEY
JPEG	B-KEY
files	I-KEY
do	O
not	O
contain	O
any	O
executable	O
code	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
to	O
infect	O
such	O
files	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
takes	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
details	O
surrounding	O
the	O
Win32.Perrun	B-KEY
virus	B-KEY
and	O
make	O
clear	O
exactly	O
what	O
it	O
does	O
.	O
The	O
main	O
virus	B-KEY
feature	O
is	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
affect	O
JPEG	O
image	O
files	O
-LRB-	O
compressed	B-KEY
graphic	I-KEY
images	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
to	O
spread	O
via	O
affected	O
JPEG	B-KEY
files	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
virus	B-KEY
affects	O
,	O
or	O
modifies	O
,	O
or	O
alters	O
JPEG	B-KEY
files	I-KEY
but	O
does	O
not	O
``	O
infect	O
''	O
them	O

Nonlinear	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
and	O
adaptive	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
of	O
MCFC	B-KEY
stack	I-KEY
To	O
improve	O
availability	O
and	O
performance	O
of	O
fuel	B-KEY
cells	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
operating	O
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
molten	O
carbonate	O
fuel	B-KEY
cells	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MCFC	O
-RRB-	O
stack	O
should	O
be	O
controlled	O
within	O
a	O
specified	O
range	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
most	O
existing	O
models	O
of	O
MCFC	O
are	O
not	O
ready	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
in	O
synthesis	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
paper	O
,	O
a	O
radial	B-KEY
basis	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
neural	I-KEY
networks	I-KEY
identification	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
MCFC	B-KEY
stack	I-KEY
is	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
input-output	B-KEY
sampled	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
adaptive	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
procedure	O
for	O
the	O
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
MCFC	B-KEY
stack	I-KEY
is	O
also	O
developed	O
.	O
The	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
fuzzy	O
control	O
system	O
are	O
regulated	O
by	O
back-propagation	O
algorithm	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
rule	B-KEY
database	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
fuzzy	O
system	O
is	O
also	O
adaptively	O
adjusted	O
by	O
the	O
nearest-neighbor-clustering	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
.	O
Finally	O
using	O
the	O
neural	O
networks	O
model	O
of	O
MCFC	B-KEY
stack	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
simulation	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
algorithm	O
are	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
show	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
modeling	O
and	O
design	O
procedures	O
for	O
the	O
MCFC	B-KEY
stack	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
neural	O
networks	O
identification	O
and	O
the	O
novel	O
adaptive	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
control	I-KEY

Trusted	O
...	O
or	O
...	O
trustworthy	O
:	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
paradigm	O
for	O
computer	O
and	O
network	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
sets	O
out	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
major	O
questions	O
and	O
challenges	O
which	O
include	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
just	O
what	O
is	O
meant	O
by	O
`	O
trusted	O
'	O
or	O
`	O
trustworthy	O
'	O
systems	O
after	O
20	O
years	O
of	O
experience	O
,	O
or	O
more	O
likely	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
business	O
level	O
experience	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
`	O
trusted	O
computer	O
system	O
'	O
criteria	O
anyway	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
b	O
-RRB-	O
does	O
anyone	O
really	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
international	B-KEY
standards	I-KEY
for	O
computer	O
system	O
security	O
evaluation	O
by	O
IT	O
product	O
and	O
system	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
suppliers	O
-LRB-	O
IS	B-KEY
15408	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
so	O
,	O
how	O
does	O
it	O
all	O
relate	O
to	O
business	B-KEY
risk	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
anyway	O
-LRB-	O
IS	B-KEY
17799	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
c	O
-RRB-	O
with	O
the	O
explosion	O
of	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
microcomputer	B-KEY
and	O
personal	B-KEY
computer	I-KEY
some	O
20	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
has	O
the	O
industry	O
abandoned	O
all	O
that	O
it	O
learnt	O
about	O
security	O
during	O
the	O
`	O
mainframe	O
era	O
'	O
;	O
or	O
-	O
`	O
whatever	O
happened	O
to	O
MULTICS	B-KEY
'	O
and	O
its	O
lessons	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
d	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
education	B-KEY
kept	O
up	O
with	O
security	O
requirements	O
by	O
industry	O
and	O
government	O
alike	O
in	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
safe	O
and	O
secure	O
operation	O
of	O
large	O
scale	O
and	O
networked	O
information	O
systems	O
on	O
national	O
and	O
international	O
bases	O
,	O
particularly	O
where	O
Web	B-KEY
or	O
Internet-based	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
services	I-KEY
are	O
being	O
proposed	O
as	O
the	O
major	O
`	O
next	O
best	O
thing	O
'	O
in	O
the	O
IT	O
industry	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
e	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
the	O
`	O
fourth	O
generation	O
'	O
of	O
computer	O
professionals	O
inherited	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
and	O
control	O
that	O
resided	O
by	O
necessity	O
with	O
the	O
last	O
`	O
generation	O
'	O
,	O
the	O
professionals	O
who	O
developed	O
and	O
created	O
the	O
applications	O
for	O
shared	O
mainframe	O
and	O
minicomputer	O
systems	O
?	O

Teaching	O
modeling	B-KEY
in	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
This	O
essay	O
discusses	O
how	O
we	O
can	O
most	O
effectively	O
teach	O
Management	B-KEY
Science	I-KEY
to	O
students	O
in	O
MBA	O
or	O
similar	O
programs	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
,	O
at	O
best	O
,	O
part-time	O
practitioners	O
of	O
these	O
arts	O
.	O
I	O
take	O
as	O
a	O
working	O
hypothesis	O
the	O
radical	O
proposition	O
that	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
Management	B-KEY
Science	I-KEY
itself	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
impressive	O
array	O
of	O
tools	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
built	O
up	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
-LRB-	O
optimization	O
,	O
simulation	O
,	O
decision	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
,	O
queuing	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
-RRB-	O
but	O
rather	O
the	O
art	O
of	O
reasoning	O
logically	O
with	O
formal	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
.	O
I	O
believe	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
with	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
students	O
to	O
teach	O
basic	O
modeling	B-KEY
skills	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
fact	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
when	O
such	O
students	O
have	O
these	O
basic	O
skills	O
as	O
a	O
foundation	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
prepared	O
to	O
acquire	O
the	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
skills	O
needed	O
to	O
employ	O
Management	B-KEY
Science	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
I	O
present	O
a	O
hierarchy	O
of	O
modeling	B-KEY
skills	O
,	O
from	O
numeracy	B-KEY
skills	I-KEY
through	O
sophisticated	O
Management	B-KEY
Science	I-KEY
skills	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
framework	O
within	O
which	O
to	O
plan	O
courses	O
for	O
the	O
occasional	O
practitioner	O

Correlation	O
of	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
by	O
centroid	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
method	O
to	O
calculate	O
the	O
correlation	B-KEY
coefficient	I-KEY
of	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
by	O
means	O
of	O
``	O
centroid	O
''	O
.	O
This	O
value	O
obtained	O
from	O
our	O
formula	O
tell	O
us	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
also	O
whether	O
the	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
are	O
positively	O
or	O
negatively	O
related	O
.	O
This	O
approach	O
looks	O
better	O
than	O
previous	O
methods	O
which	O
only	O
evaluate	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
relation	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
extend	O
the	O
``	O
centroid	O
''	O
method	O
to	O
interval-valued	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
correlation	B-KEY
coefficient	I-KEY
between	O
interval-valued	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
lies	O
in	O
the	O
interval	O
-LSB-	O
-1	O
,	O
1	O
-RSB-	O
,	O
as	O
computed	O
from	O
our	O
formula	O

Extended	B-KEY
depth-of-focus	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
of	O
chlorophyll	B-KEY
fluorescence	I-KEY
from	O
intact	B-KEY
leaves	I-KEY
Imaging	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
in	O
chlorophyll	O
a	O
fluorescence	O
provides	O
a	O
valuable	O
means	O
with	O
which	O
to	O
examine	O
localised	O
changes	O
in	O
photosynthetic	O
function	O
.	O
Microscope-based	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
provide	O
excellent	O
spatial	B-KEY
resolution	I-KEY
which	O
allows	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
individual	O
cells	O
to	O
be	O
measured	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
such	O
systems	O
have	O
a	O
restricted	O
depth	O
of	O
focus	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
leaves	O
are	O
inherently	O
uneven	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
proportion	O
of	O
each	O
image	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
focal	O
plane	O
is	O
in	O
focus	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
report	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
algorithms	O
,	O
specifically	O
adapted	O
for	O
imaging	O
chlorophyll	B-KEY
fluorescence	I-KEY
and	O
photosynthetic	O
function	O
in	O
living	O
plant	O
cells	O
,	O
which	O
allow	O
extended-focus	O
images	O
to	O
be	O
reconstructed	O
from	O
images	O
taken	O
in	O
different	O
focal	O
planes	O
.	O
We	O
describe	O
how	O
these	O
procedures	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
reconstruct	O
images	O
of	O
chlorophyll	B-KEY
fluorescence	I-KEY
and	O
calculated	B-KEY
photosynthetic	I-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
producing	O
a	O
map	O
of	O
leaf	O
topology	O
.	O
The	O
robustness	O
of	O
this	O
procedure	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
using	O
leaves	O
from	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
plant	B-KEY
species	I-KEY

Modelling	O
user	O
acceptance	O
of	O
building	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
This	O
study	O
examines	O
user	O
acceptance	O
of	O
building	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
BMS	O
-RRB-	O
using	O
a	O
questionnaire	B-KEY
survey	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
systems	O
are	O
crucial	O
for	O
optimising	O
building	O
performance	O
and	O
yet	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
reported	O
that	O
users	O
are	O
not	O
making	O
full	O
use	O
of	O
their	O
systems	O
'	O
facilities	O
.	O
Established	O
models	O
of	O
technology	O
acceptance	O
have	O
been	O
employed	O
in	O
this	O
research	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
influence	O
of	O
user	B-KEY
perceptions	I-KEY
of	O
ease	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
use	I-KEY
and	O
compatibility	B-KEY
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
.	O
Previous	O
research	O
has	O
indicated	O
differing	O
levels	O
of	O
importance	O
of	O
perceived	O
ease	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
use	I-KEY
relative	O
to	O
other	O
factors	O
.	O
Here	O
,	O
perceived	O
ease	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
use	I-KEY
is	O
shown	O
generally	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
important	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
balance	O
between	O
this	O
and	O
compatibility	B-KEY
is	O
moderated	O
by	O
the	O
user	B-KEY
perceptions	I-KEY
of	O
voluntariness	B-KEY

Hybrid	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
of	O
space	B-KEY
plasmas	I-KEY
:	O
models	O
with	O
massless	B-KEY
fluid	I-KEY
representation	I-KEY
of	O
electrons	O
.	O
IV	O
.	O
Kelvin-Helmholtz	B-KEY
instability	I-KEY
For	O
pt.III	O
.	O
see	O
Prikl	O
.	O
Mat	O
.	O
Informatika	O
,	O
MAKS	O
Press	O
,	O
no.	O
4	O
,	O
p.	O
5-56	O
-LRB-	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
hybrid	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
Kelvin-Helmholtz	B-KEY
instability	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
start	O
with	O
a	O
brief	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
theory	O
:	O
the	O
simplest	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
instability	O
-	O
a	O
transition	B-KEY
layer	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
tangential	B-KEY
discontinuity	I-KEY
;	O
compressibility	O
of	O
the	O
medium	O
;	O
finite	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
velocity	O
shear	O
region	O
;	O
pressure	B-KEY
anisotropy	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
then	O
describe	O
the	O
electromagnetic	B-KEY
hybrid	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
ions	O
as	O
particles	O
and	O
electrons	O
as	O
a	O
massless	O
fluid	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
main	O
numerical	O
schemes	O
.	O
We	O
review	O
the	O
studies	O
on	O
two-dimensional	O
and	O
three-dimensional	O
hybrid	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
particle	O
mixing	O
across	O
the	O
magnetopause	O
shear	O
layer	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
a	O
Kelvin-Helmholtz	O
instability	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
concludes	O
with	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
literature	O
on	O
hybrid	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
Kelvin-Helmholtz	B-KEY
instability	I-KEY
in	O
finite-size	O
objects	O
:	O
jets	O
moving	O
across	O
the	O
magnetic	O
field	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
field	B-KEY
reversal	I-KEY
layer	I-KEY
;	O
interaction	O
between	O
a	O
magnetized	B-KEY
plasma	I-KEY
flow	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
cylindrical	B-KEY
plasma	I-KEY
source	I-KEY
with	O
zero	O
own	O
magnetic	O
field	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
asynchronous	B-KEY
computer-mediated	I-KEY
group	I-KEY
interaction	I-KEY
on	O
group	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
This	O
article	O
reports	O
a	O
study	O
undertaken	O
to	O
investigate	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
social	O
psychological	B-KEY
processes	O
underlying	O
computer-supported	O
group	O
discussion	O
in	O
natural	O
computer-mediated	O
contexts	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
deindividuation	B-KEY
,	O
it	O
was	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
personal	B-KEY
identifiability	I-KEY
and	O
group	B-KEY
identity	I-KEY
would	O
be	O
important	O
factors	O
that	O
affect	O
the	O
perceptions	O
and	O
behavior	O
of	O
members	O
of	O
computer-mediated	O
groups	O
.	O
The	O
degree	O
of	O
personal	B-KEY
identifiability	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
group	B-KEY
identity	I-KEY
were	O
manipulated	O
across	O
groups	O
of	O
geographically	B-KEY
dispersed	I-KEY
computer	I-KEY
users	I-KEY
who	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
e-mail	B-KEY
discussions	I-KEY
during	O
a	O
2-week	O
period	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
deindividuation	B-KEY
and	O
uninhibited	O
behavior	O
cited	O
in	O
much	O
previous	O
research	O
.	O
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
provide	O
some	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
social	O
identity	O
perspective	O
of	O
computer-mediated	O
communication	O
,	O
which	O
explains	O
the	O
higher	O
levels	O
uninhibited	O
in	O
identifiable	O
computer-mediated	O
groups	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
predictions	O
based	O
on	O
social	B-KEY
identity	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
regarding	O
group	B-KEY
polarization	I-KEY
and	O
group	B-KEY
cohesion	I-KEY
were	O
not	O
supported	O
.	O
Possible	O
explanations	O
for	O
this	O
are	O
discussed	O
and	O
further	O
research	O
is	O
suggested	O
to	O
resolve	O
these	O
discrepancies	O

Recording	O
quantum	O
properties	O
of	O
light	O
in	O
a	O
long-lived	B-KEY
atomic	I-KEY
spin	I-KEY
state	I-KEY
:	O
towards	O
quantum	B-KEY
memory	I-KEY
We	O
report	O
an	O
experiment	O
on	O
mapping	O
a	O
quantum	O
state	O
of	O
light	O
onto	O
the	O
ground	B-KEY
state	I-KEY
spin	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
ensemble	B-KEY
of	O
Cs	B-KEY
atoms	O
with	O
the	O
lifetime	O
of	O
2	O
ms.	O
Recording	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
quadrature	O
phase	O
operators	O
of	O
light	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
with	O
vacuum	O
and	O
squeezed	O
states	O
of	O
light	O
.	O
The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
mapping	B-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
at	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
approximately	O
1	O
photon/sec	O
per	O
Hz	O
is	O
shown	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
pave	O
the	O
road	O
towards	O
complete	O
-LRB-	O
storing	O
both	O
quadrature	O
phase	O
observables	O
-RRB-	O
quantum	B-KEY
memory	I-KEY
for	O
Gaussian	O
states	O
of	O
light	O
.	O
The	O
experiment	O
also	O
sheds	O
new	O
light	O
on	O
fundamental	O
limits	O
of	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
magneto-optical	O
resonance	O
method	O

Optical	B-KEY
recognition	I-KEY
of	O
three-dimensional	O
objects	O
with	O
scale	B-KEY
invariance	I-KEY
using	O
a	O
classical	O
convergent	O
correlator	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
real-time	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
for	O
recognizing	O
three-dimensional	O
-LRB-	O
3-D	O
-RRB-	O
objects	O
with	O
scale	B-KEY
invariance	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
3-D	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
objects	O
is	O
codified	O
in	O
deformed	B-KEY
fringe	I-KEY
patterns	I-KEY
using	O
the	O
Fourier	B-KEY
transform	I-KEY
profilometry	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
and	O
is	O
correlated	O
using	O
a	O
classical	B-KEY
convergent	I-KEY
correlator	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
scale	B-KEY
invariance	I-KEY
property	O
is	O
achieved	O
using	O
two	O
different	O
approaches	O
:	O
the	O
Mellin	O
radial	O
harmonic	O
decomposition	O
and	O
the	O
logarithmic	O
radial	O
harmonic	O
filter	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
the	O
method	O
is	O
invariant	B-KEY
for	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
3-D	O
target	O
within	O
a	O
defined	O
interval	O
of	O
scale	B-KEY
factors	I-KEY
.	O
Experimental	O
results	O
show	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O

Designing	O
a	O
screening	B-KEY
experiment	I-KEY
for	O
highly	B-KEY
reliable	I-KEY
products	I-KEY
Within	O
a	O
reasonable	O
life-testing	O
time	O
,	O
how	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
reliability	O
of	O
highly	B-KEY
reliable	I-KEY
products	I-KEY
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
challenges	O
.	O
By	O
using	O
a	O
resolution	O
III	O
experiment	O
together	O
with	O
degradation	B-KEY
test	I-KEY
,	O
Tseng	O
et	O
al.	O
-LRB-	O
1995	O
-RRB-	O
presented	O
a	O
case	O
study	O
of	O
improving	O
the	O
reliability	O
of	O
fluorescent	B-KEY
lamps	I-KEY
.	O
However	O
,	O
in	O
conducting	O
such	O
an	O
experiment	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
address	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
choose	O
the	O
optimal	O
settings	O
of	O
variables	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
sample	O
size	O
,	O
inspection	B-KEY
frequency	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
termination	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
for	O
each	O
run	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
influential	O
to	O
the	O
correct	O
identification	O
of	O
significant	O
factors	O
and	O
the	O
experimental	O
cost	O
.	O
Assuming	O
that	O
the	O
product	O
's	O
degradation	O
paths	O
satisfy	O
Wiener	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
paper	O
proposes	O
a	O
systematic	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
problem	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
an	O
identification	B-KEY
rule	I-KEY
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
Next	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
constraints	O
of	O
a	O
minimum	B-KEY
probability	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
correct	I-KEY
decision	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
maximum	B-KEY
probability	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
incorrect	I-KEY
decision	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
identification	B-KEY
rule	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
optimum	O
test	O
plan	O
can	O
be	O
obtained	O
by	O
minimizing	O
the	O
total	O
experimental	O
cost	O
.	O
An	O
example	O
is	O
provided	O
to	O
illustrate	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O

Data	O
storage	O
:	O
re-format	O
.	O
Closely	O
tracking	O
a	O
fast-moving	O
sector	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
the	O
data	B-KEY
center	I-KEY
market	O
has	O
changed	O
dramatically	O
,	O
forcing	O
many	O
companies	O
into	O
consolidation	O
or	O
bankruptcy	O
.	O
Gone	O
are	O
the	O
days	O
when	O
companies	O
raised	O
millions	O
of	O
dollars	O
to	O
acquire	O
large	O
industrial	O
buildings	O
and	O
transform	O
them	O
into	O
glittering	O
,	O
high-tech	O
palaces	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
telecommunication	O
and	O
data	O
technology	O
.	O
Whereas	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
communication	O
technology	O
deliver	O
the	O
racked	O
equipment	O
in	O
these	O
,	O
often	O
mission-critical	O
,	O
facilities	O
,	O
ABB	B-KEY
focuses	O
mainly	O
on	O
the	O
building	B-KEY
infrastructure	I-KEY
.	O
Besides	O
the	O
very	O
important	O
redundant	B-KEY
power	I-KEY
supply	I-KEY
,	O
ABB	B-KEY
also	O
provides	O
the	O
redundant	B-KEY
air	I-KEY
conditioning	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
security	B-KEY
system	I-KEY

On	O
batch-constructing	O
B/sup	O
+	O
/	O
-	O
trees	O
:	O
algorithm	O
and	O
its	O
performance	O
evaluation	O
Efficient	O
construction	O
of	O
indexes	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
in	O
bulk-loading	O
a	O
database	O
or	O
adding	O
a	O
new	O
index	O
to	O
an	O
existing	O
database	O
since	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
should	O
handle	O
an	O
enormous	O
volume	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
an	O
algorithm	O
for	O
batch-constructing	O
the	O
B/sup	O
+	O
/	O
-	O
tree	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
index	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
in	O
database	O
systems	O
.	O
The	O
main	O
characteristic	O
of	O
our	O
algorithm	O
is	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
process	O
all	O
the	O
key	O
values	O
to	O
be	O
placed	O
on	O
each	O
B	O
+	O
-	O
tree	O
page	O
when	O
accessing	O
the	O
page	O
.	O
This	O
avoids	O
the	O
overhead	O
due	O
to	O
accessing	O
the	O
same	O
page	O
multiple	O
times	O
,	O
which	O
results	O
from	O
applying	O
the	O
B	O
+	O
-	O
tree	O
insertion	O
algorithm	O
repeatedly	O
.	O
For	O
performance	O
evaluation	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
analyzed	O
our	O
algorithm	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
disk	B-KEY
accesses	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
disk	B-KEY
accesses	I-KEY
excluding	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
relocation	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
is	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pages	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
B/sup	O
+	O
/	O
-	O
tree	O
.	O
Considering	O
that	O
the	O
relocation	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
is	O
an	O
unavoidable	O
preprocessing	O
step	O
for	O
batch-constructing	O
of	O
B/sup	O
+	O
/	O
-	O
trees	O
,	O
our	O
algorithm	O
requires	O
just	O
one	O
disk	B-KEY
access	I-KEY
per	O
B	O
+	O
-	O
tree	O
page	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
optimal	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
present	O
the	O
performance	O
tendency	O
in	O
relation	O
with	O
different	O
parameter	O
values	O
via	O
simulation	B-KEY
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
the	O
performance	O
enhancement	O
effect	O
of	O
our	O
algorithm	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
one	O
using	O
repeated	O
insertions	O
through	O
experiments	O

Three-dimensional	O
optimum	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
cooling	O
lines	O
of	O
injection	B-KEY
moulds	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
boundary	O
element	O
design	O
sensitivity	O
analysis	O
A	O
three-dimensional	O
numerical	O
simulation	O
using	O
the	O
boundary	B-KEY
element	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
is	O
proposed	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
predict	O
the	O
cavity	B-KEY
temperature	I-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
cooling	B-KEY
stage	I-KEY
of	O
injection	B-KEY
moulding	I-KEY
.	O
Then	O
,	O
choosing	O
the	O
radii	O
and	O
positions	O
of	O
cooling	O
lines	O
as	O
design	O
variables	O
,	O
the	O
boundary	O
integral	O
sensitivity	O
formulations	O
are	O
deduced	O
.	O
For	O
the	O
optimum	O
design	O
of	O
cooling	O
lines	O
,	O
the	O
squared	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
objective	O
temperature	O
and	O
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
cavity	O
is	O
taken	O
as	O
the	O
objective	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
.	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
optimization	B-KEY
techniques	O
with	O
design	O
sensitivity	O
analysis	O
,	O
an	O
iterative	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
to	O
reach	O
the	O
minimum	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
objective	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
is	O
introduced	O
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
optimum	O
design	O
of	O
cooling	O
lines	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O

Relativistic	B-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
distinguishability	O
of	O
orthogonal	B-KEY
quantum	I-KEY
states	I-KEY
The	O
constraints	O
imposed	O
by	O
special	B-KEY
relativity	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
distinguishability	O
of	O
quantum	O
states	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O
An	O
explicit	O
expression	O
relating	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
an	O
error	O
in	O
distinguishing	O
two	O
orthogonal	B-KEY
single-photon	I-KEY
states	I-KEY
to	O
their	O
structure	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
t	O
at	O
which	O
a	O
measurement	O
starts	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
interval	O
of	O
time	O
T	O
elapsed	O
from	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
measurement	O
until	O
the	O
time	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
outcome	O
is	O
obtained	O
by	O
an	O
observer	B-KEY
is	O
given	O
as	O
an	O
example	O

Geometrically	B-KEY
invariant	I-KEY
watermarking	I-KEY
using	O
feature	B-KEY
points	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
for	O
watermarking	O
of	O
digital	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
providing	O
robustness	O
to	O
geometrical	B-KEY
distortions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
weaknesses	O
of	O
classical	O
watermarking	O
methods	O
to	O
geometrical	B-KEY
distortions	I-KEY
are	O
outlined	O
first	O
.	O
Geometrical	B-KEY
distortions	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
decomposed	O
into	O
two	O
classes	O
:	O
global	B-KEY
transformations	I-KEY
such	O
as	O
rotations	O
and	O
translations	O
and	O
local	O
transformations	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
StirMark	O
attack	O
.	O
An	O
overview	O
of	O
existing	O
self-synchronizing	B-KEY
schemes	I-KEY
is	O
then	O
presented	O
.	O
Theses	O
schemes	O
can	O
use	O
periodical	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
mark	O
,	O
invariant	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
transforms	B-KEY
,	O
template	B-KEY
insertion	I-KEY
,	O
or	O
information	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
original	O
image	O
to	O
counter	O
geometrical	B-KEY
distortions	I-KEY
.	O
Thereafter	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
class	O
of	O
watermarking	O
schemes	O
using	O
the	O
image	B-KEY
content	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
an	O
embedding	B-KEY
and	O
detection	B-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
where	O
the	O
mark	O
is	O
bound	O
with	O
a	O
content	B-KEY
descriptor	I-KEY
defined	O
by	O
salient	O
points	O
.	O
Three	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
feature	B-KEY
points	I-KEY
are	O
studied	O
and	O
their	O
robustness	O
to	O
geometrical	O
transformations	B-KEY
is	O
evaluated	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
enhanced	O
detector	O
.	O
The	O
embedding	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
signature	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
extracting	O
feature	B-KEY
points	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
image	O
and	O
performing	O
a	O
Delaunay	B-KEY
tessellation	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
points	O
.	O
The	O
mark	O
is	O
embedded	B-KEY
using	O
a	O
classical	O
additive	B-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
inside	O
each	O
triangle	O
of	O
the	O
tessellation	O
.	O
The	O
detection	O
is	O
done	O
using	O
correlation	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
different	O
triangles	O
.	O
The	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
presented	O
scheme	O
is	O
evaluated	O
after	O
JPEG	B-KEY
compression	I-KEY
,	O
geometrical	B-KEY
attack	I-KEY
and	O
transformations	B-KEY
.	O
Results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
scheme	O
is	O
robust	O
to	O
these	O
different	O
manipulations	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
in	O
our	O
concluding	O
remarks	O
,	O
we	O
analyze	O
the	O
different	O
perspectives	O
of	O
such	O
content-based	O
watermarking	O
scheme	O

Fresh	O
voices	O
,	O
big	O
ideas	O
-LSB-	O
IBM	O
internship	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
IBM	O
is	O
matching	O
up	O
computer-science	O
and	O
MBA	O
students	O
with	O
its	O
business	O
managers	O
in	O
an	O
11-week	O
summer	O
internship	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
and	O
challenging	O
them	O
to	O
develop	O
innovative	O
technology	O
ideas	O

Using	O
molecular	B-KEY
equivalence	I-KEY
numbers	I-KEY
to	O
visually	O
explore	O
structural	B-KEY
features	I-KEY
that	O
distinguish	O
chemical	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
A	O
molecular	B-KEY
equivalence	I-KEY
number	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
meqnum	O
-RRB-	O
classifies	O
a	O
molecule	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
structural	B-KEY
features	I-KEY
or	O
topological	B-KEY
shapes	I-KEY
such	O
as	O
its	O
cyclic	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
or	O
its	O
set	O
of	O
functional	B-KEY
groups	I-KEY
.	O
Meqnums	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
organize	O
molecular	O
structures	O
into	O
nonoverlapping	O
,	O
yet	O
highly	O
relatable	O
classes	O
.	O
We	O
illustrate	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
some	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
meqnums	O
and	O
present	O
via	O
examples	O
some	O
methods	O
of	O
comparing	O
diverse	O
chemical	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
meqnums	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
examples	O
we	O
compare	O
a	O
library	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
random	O
sample	O
from	O
the	O
MDL	B-KEY
Drug	I-KEY
Data	I-KEY
Report	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MDDR	O
-RRB-	O
with	O
a	O
library	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
random	O
sample	O
from	O
the	O
Available	B-KEY
Chemical	I-KEY
Directory	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
ACD	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
In	O
our	O
analyses	O
,	O
we	O
discover	O
some	O
interesting	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
topological	B-KEY
shape	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
molecule	O
and	O
its	O
set	O
of	O
functional	B-KEY
groups	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
strongly	O
linked	O
with	O
compounds	O
occurring	O
in	O
the	O
MDDR	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
ACD	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
illustrate	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
molecular	B-KEY
equivalence	I-KEY
indices	I-KEY
in	O
delineating	O
the	O
structural	O
domain	O
over	O
which	O
an	O
SAR	O
conclusion	O
is	O
valid	O

Integrating	O
virtual	O
and	O
physical	O
context	O
to	O
support	O
knowledge	B-KEY
workers	I-KEY
The	O
Kimura	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
augments	O
and	O
integrates	O
independent	O
tools	O
into	O
a	O
pervasive	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
system	O
that	O
monitors	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
computer	O
,	O
an	O
electronic	B-KEY
whiteboard	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
networked	B-KEY
peripheral	I-KEY
devices	I-KEY
and	O
data	B-KEY
sources	I-KEY

An	O
inverse	B-KEY
problem	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
a	O
hierarchical	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
We	O
consider	O
the	O
inverse	B-KEY
problem	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
coefficient	O
in	O
a	O
parabolic	B-KEY
equation	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
model	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
functioning	O
of	O
a	O
hierarchical	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
;	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
relevant	O
for	O
heat-conduction	B-KEY
theory	I-KEY
.	O
Unique	B-KEY
solvability	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
inverse	B-KEY
problem	I-KEY
is	O
proved	O

Noise	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
on	O
memory	B-KEY
recall	I-KEY
in	O
dynamical	B-KEY
neural	I-KEY
network	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
hippocampus	B-KEY
We	O
investigate	O
some	O
noise	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
neural	O
network	O
model	O
proposed	O
by	O
Araki	O
and	O
Aihara	O
-LRB-	O
1998	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
the	O
memory	B-KEY
recall	I-KEY
of	O
dynamical	B-KEY
patterns	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
hippocampus	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
entorhinal	B-KEY
cortex	I-KEY
;	O
the	O
noise	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
is	O
important	O
since	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
transmitters	O
at	O
synaptic	B-KEY
clefts	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
gate	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
ion	I-KEY
channels	I-KEY
and	O
so	O
on	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
stochastic	B-KEY
phenomena	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
consider	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
noise	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
due	O
to	O
a	O
deterministic	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
stochastic	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
.	O
By	O
numerical	B-KEY
simulations	I-KEY
,	O
we	O
find	O
that	O
reasonable	O
values	O
of	O
noise	O
give	O
better	O
performance	O
on	O
the	O
memory	B-KEY
recall	I-KEY
of	O
dynamical	B-KEY
patterns	I-KEY
.	O
Furthermore	O
we	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
external	O
inputs	O
on	O
the	O
memory	B-KEY
recall	I-KEY

A	O
server-side	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
for	O
delivering	O
experiments	O
with	O
animations	O
A	O
server-side	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
for	O
animation	O
experiments	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
delivering	O
an	O
experiment	O
composed	O
of	O
discrete	B-KEY
animation	I-KEY
sequences	I-KEY
in	O
various	O
file	B-KEY
formats	I-KEY
,	O
collecting	O
a	O
discrete	O
or	O
continuous	O
response	O
from	O
the	O
observer	O
,	O
evaluating	O
the	O
appropriateness	O
of	O
the	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
ensuring	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
not	O
proceeding	O
at	O
an	O
unreasonable	O
rate	O
.	O
Most	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
are	O
controllable	O
by	O
experimenter-edited	B-KEY
text	I-KEY
files	I-KEY
or	O
simple	O
switches	O
in	O
the	O
program	O
code	O
,	O
thereby	O
minimizing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
programming	O
to	O
create	O
new	O
experiments	O
.	O
A	O
simple	O
demonstration	O
experiment	O
is	O
discussed	O
and	O
is	O
freely	O
available	O

In	O
search	O
of	O
a	O
general	B-KEY
enterprise	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
Many	O
organisations	O
,	O
particularly	O
SMEs	B-KEY
,	O
are	O
reluctant	O
to	O
invest	O
time	O
and	O
money	O
in	O
models	O
to	O
support	O
decision	B-KEY
making	I-KEY
.	O
Such	O
reluctance	O
could	O
be	O
overcome	O
if	O
a	O
model	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
several	O
purposes	O
rather	O
than	O
using	O
a	O
traditional	O
``	O
single	O
perspective	O
''	O
model	O
.	O
This	O
requires	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
``	O
general	B-KEY
enterprise	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
''	O
-LRB-	O
GEM	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
problem	B-KEY
domains	I-KEY
with	O
unlimited	O
scope	O
.	O
Current	O
enterprise	B-KEY
modelling	I-KEY
frameworks	I-KEY
only	O
deal	O
effectively	O
with	O
nondynamic	O
modelling	O
issues	O
whilst	O
dynamic	B-KEY
modelling	I-KEY
issues	I-KEY
have	O
traditionally	O
only	O
been	O
addressed	O
at	O
the	O
operational	B-KEY
level	I-KEY
.	O
Although	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
research	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
relates	O
to	O
manufacturing	O
companies	O
,	O
the	O
framework	O
for	O
a	O
GEM	B-KEY
must	O
be	O
equally	O
applicable	O
to	O
service	O
and	O
public	B-KEY
sector	I-KEY
organisations	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
paper	O
identifies	O
five	O
key	O
design	O
issues	O
that	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
when	O
constructing	O
a	O
GEM	B-KEY
.	O
A	O
framework	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
GEM	B-KEY
is	O
presented	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
``	O
plug	O
and	O
play	O
''	O
methodology	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
a	O
simple	O
case	B-KEY
study	I-KEY

Pattern	B-KEY
recognition	I-KEY
strategies	I-KEY
for	O
molecular	B-KEY
surfaces	I-KEY
.	O
I.	O
Pattern	B-KEY
generation	I-KEY
using	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
A	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
characterization	O
of	O
molecules	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
model	B-KEY
approach	I-KEY
of	O
molecular	B-KEY
surfaces	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
.	O
We	O
use	O
the	O
topographical	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
surface	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
electrostatic	B-KEY
potential	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
local	B-KEY
lipophilicity/hydrophilicity	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
hydrogen	O
bond	O
density	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
for	O
characterization	O
.	O
The	O
definition	O
and	O
the	O
calculation	O
method	O
for	O
these	O
properties	O
are	O
reviewed	O
.	O
The	O
surface	O
is	O
segmented	O
into	O
overlapping	B-KEY
patches	I-KEY
with	O
similar	O
molecular	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
patches	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
characteristic	O
local	B-KEY
features	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
molecule	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
is	O
beyond	O
the	O
atomistic	B-KEY
resolution	I-KEY
but	O
can	O
nevertheless	O
be	O
applied	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
partial	B-KEY
similarities	I-KEY
of	O
different	O
molecules	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
molecular	B-KEY
complementarity	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
very	O
general	O
sense	O
.	O
The	O
patch	B-KEY
representation	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
different	O
applications	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
subsequent	O
articles	O

An	O
algorithm	O
to	O
generate	O
all	O
spanning	B-KEY
trees	I-KEY
with	O
flow	O
Spanning	B-KEY
tree	I-KEY
enumeration	O
in	O
undirected	B-KEY
graphs	I-KEY
is	O
an	O
important	O
issue	O
and	O
task	O
in	O
many	O
problems	O
encountered	O
in	O
computer	O
network	O
and	O
circuit	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
paper	O
discusses	O
the	O
spanning	B-KEY
tree	I-KEY
with	O
flow	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
flow	O
requirements	O
between	O
each	O
node	O
pair	O
.	O
An	O
algorithm	O
based	O
on	O
minimal	B-KEY
paths	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MPs	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
proposed	O
to	O
generate	O
all	O
spanning	B-KEY
trees	I-KEY
without	O
flow	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
is	O
a	O
structured	O
approach	O
,	O
which	O
splits	O
the	O
system	O
into	O
structural	O
MPs	O
first	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
all	O
steps	O
in	O
it	O
are	O
easy	O
to	O
follow	O

Horizontal	O
waypoint	O
guidance	O
design	O
using	O
optimal	O
control	O
A	O
horizontal	B-KEY
waypoint	I-KEY
guidance	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
is	O
proposed	O
by	O
applying	O
line-following	B-KEY
guidance	I-KEY
to	O
waypoint	B-KEY
line	I-KEY
segments	I-KEY
in	O
sequence	O
.	O
The	O
line-following	B-KEY
guidance	I-KEY
is	O
designed	O
using	O
an	O
LQR	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
linear	B-KEY
quadratic	I-KEY
regulator	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
.	O
Then	O
,	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
waypoint	I-KEY
changing	I-KEY
points	I-KEY
are	O
derived	O
by	O
minimizing	O
the	O
accelerations	O
required	O
for	O
changing	O
the	O
waypoint	B-KEY
line	I-KEY
segments	I-KEY
.	O
Also	O
derived	O
is	O
a	O
sufficient	O
condition	O
for	O
the	O
stability	B-KEY
bound	I-KEY
of	O
ground	B-KEY
speed	I-KEY
changes	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
the	O
Lyapunov	B-KEY
stability	I-KEY
theorem	I-KEY
.	O
Simulation	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
can	O
effectively	O
guide	O
a	O
vehicle	O
along	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
waypoint	B-KEY
line	I-KEY
segments	I-KEY

Writing	O
the	O
fulfillment	B-KEY
RFP	O
-LSB-	O
publishing	B-KEY
-RSB-	O
For	O
the	O
uninitiated	O
,	O
writing	O
a	O
request	B-KEY
for	I-KEY
proposal	I-KEY
can	O
seem	O
both	O
mysterious	O
and	O
daunting	O
.	O
Here	O
's	O
a	O
format	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
pro	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
out	O

New	O
tuning	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
for	O
PID	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
a	O
tuning	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
for	O
proportional-integral-derivative	O
-LRB-	O
PID	O
-RRB-	O
controller	O
and	O
the	O
performance	O
assessment	O
formulas	O
for	O
this	O
method	O
are	O
proposed	O
.	O
This	O
tuning	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
genetic	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
based	O
PID	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
design	O
method	O
.	O
For	O
deriving	O
the	O
tuning	O
formula	O
,	O
the	O
genetic	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
based	O
design	O
method	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
design	O
PID	B-KEY
controllers	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
processes	O
.	O
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
controller	O
parameters	O
and	O
the	O
parameters	O
that	O
characterize	O
the	O
process	B-KEY
dynamics	I-KEY
are	O
determined	O
and	O
the	O
tuning	O
formula	O
is	O
then	O
derived	O
.	O
Using	O
simulation	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
rules	O
for	O
assessing	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
PID	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
tuned	O
by	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
are	O
also	O
given	O
.	O
This	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
incorporate	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
the	O
PID	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
is	O
well	O
tuned	O
or	O
not	O
into	O
an	O
autotuner	B-KEY
.	O
An	O
autotuner	B-KEY
based	O
on	O
this	O
new	O
tuning	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
performance	O
assessment	O
rules	O
is	O
also	O
established	O
.	O
Simulations	O
and	O
real-time	O
experimental	O
results	O
are	O
given	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
usefulness	O
of	O
these	O
formulas	O

Deriving	O
model	O
parameters	O
from	O
field	O
test	O
measurements	O
-LSB-	O
generator	O
control	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
A	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
any	O
power	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
generating	O
plant	O
.	O
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
DeriveAssist	B-KEY
is	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
the	O
parameter	B-KEY
derivation	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
allow	O
engineers	O
less	O
versed	O
in	O
parameter	B-KEY
matching	I-KEY
and	O
identification	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
power	O
plant	O
electric	O
generator	O
modelling	O

Design	O
PID	O
controllers	O
for	O
desired	O
time-domain	O
or	O
frequency-domain	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
Practical	O
requirements	O
on	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
control	O
systems	O
,	O
especially	O
process	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
are	O
usually	O
specified	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
time-domain	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
,	O
such	O
as	O
overshoot	B-KEY
and	O
rise	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
,	O
or	O
frequency-domain	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
,	O
such	O
as	O
resonance	B-KEY
peak	I-KEY
and	O
stability	B-KEY
margin	I-KEY
.	O
Although	O
numerous	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
proportional-integral-derivative	O
-LRB-	O
PID	O
-RRB-	O
controller	O
,	O
little	O
work	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
quantitative	O
time-domain	O
and	O
frequency-domain	B-KEY
responses	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
study	O
the	O
following	O
problem	O
:	O
Given	O
a	O
nominal	B-KEY
stable	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
with	O
time	O
delay	O
,	O
we	O
design	O
a	O
suboptimal	O
PID	O
controller	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
required	O
time-domain	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
or	O
frequency-domain	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
nominal	O
system	O
or	O
the	O
uncertain	O
system	O
.	O
An	O
H/sub	B-KEY
infinity	I-KEY
/	I-KEY
PID	I-KEY
controller	I-KEY
is	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
optimal	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
theory	O
and	O
the	O
parameters	O
are	O
derived	O
analytically	O
.	O
Its	O
properties	O
are	O
investigated	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
two	O
developed	O
suboptimal	B-KEY
controllers	I-KEY
:	O
an	O
H/sub	O
2	O
/	O
PID	O
controller	O
and	O
a	O
Maclaurin	B-KEY
PID	I-KEY
controller	I-KEY

Adaptive	O
and	O
efficient	O
mutual	O
exclusion	O
The	O
paper	O
presents	O
adaptive	B-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
for	O
mutual	O
exclusion	O
using	O
only	O
read	O
and	O
write	B-KEY
operations	I-KEY
;	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
algorithms	O
depends	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
point	B-KEY
contention	I-KEY
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
processes	O
that	O
are	O
concurrently	O
active	O
during	O
algorithm	B-KEY
execution	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
and	O
not	O
on	O
n	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
processes	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Our	O
algorithm	O
has	O
O	O
-LRB-	O
k	O
-RRB-	O
remote	B-KEY
step	I-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
and	O
O	O
-LRB-	O
log	O
k	O
-RRB-	O
system	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
,	O
where	O
k	O
is	O
the	O
point	B-KEY
contention	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
remote	B-KEY
step	I-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
maximal	O
number	O
of	O
steps	O
performed	O
by	O
a	O
process	O
where	O
a	O
wait	O
is	O
counted	O
as	O
one	O
step	O
.	O
The	O
system	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
time	O
interval	O
between	O
subsequent	O
entries	O
to	O
the	O
critical	B-KEY
section	I-KEY
,	O
where	O
one	O
time	O
unit	O
is	O
the	O
minimal	B-KEY
interval	I-KEY
in	O
which	O
every	O
active	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
performs	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
step	O
.	O
The	O
space	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
of	O
this	O
algorithm	O
is	O
O	O
-LRB-	O
N	O
log	O
n	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
where	O
N	O
is	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
process	O
names	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
space	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
of	O
our	O
algorithm	O
depend	O
solely	O
on	O
n	O
,	O
while	O
preserving	O
the	O
other	O
performance	B-KEY
measures	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
algorithm	O

Visual-word	O
identification	O
thresholds	O
for	O
the	O
260	O
fragmented	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
Snodgrass	O
and	O
Vanderwart	O
pictures	O
in	O
Spanish	O
Word	B-KEY
difficulty	I-KEY
varies	O
from	O
language	O
to	O
language	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
normative	O
data	O
of	O
verbal	B-KEY
stimuli	I-KEY
can	O
not	O
be	O
imported	O
directly	O
from	O
another	O
language	O
.	O
We	O
present	O
mean	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
thresholds	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
260	O
screen-fragmented	B-KEY
words	I-KEY
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
total	O
set	O
of	O
Snodgrass	O
and	O
Vanderwart	O
-LRB-	O
1980	O
-RRB-	O
pictures	O
.	O
Individual	O
words	O
were	O
fragmented	O
in	O
eight	O
levels	O
using	O
Turbo	B-KEY
Pascal	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
resulting	O
program	O
was	O
implemented	O
on	O
a	O
PC	B-KEY
microcomputer	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
words	O
were	O
presented	O
individually	O
to	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
40	O
Spanish	B-KEY
observers	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
controlled	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
unspecific	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
effect	I-KEY
was	O
found	O
showing	O
that	O
performance	O
improved	O
due	O
to	O
practice	O
with	O
the	O
task	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
11	O
psycholinguistic	B-KEY
variables	I-KEY
that	O
previous	O
researchers	O
have	O
shown	O
to	O
affect	O
word	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
,	O
only	O
imagery	O
accounted	O
for	O
a	O
significant	O
amount	O
of	O
variance	O
in	O
the	O
threshold	O
values	O

Pervasive	O
computing	O
goes	O
to	O
work	O
:	O
interfacing	O
to	O
the	O
enterprise	O
The	O
paperless	B-KEY
office	I-KEY
is	O
an	O
idea	O
whose	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
come	O
again	O
.	O
To	O
see	O
how	O
pervasive	O
computing	O
applications	O
might	O
bring	O
some	O
substance	O
to	O
this	O
dream	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
spoke	O
recently	O
with	O
key	O
managers	O
and	O
technologists	O
at	O
McKesson	O
Corporation	O
-LRB-	O
San	O
Francisco	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
healthcare	O
supplier	O
,	O
service	O
,	O
and	O
technology	O
company	O
with	O
US$	O
50	O
billion	O
in	O
sales	O
last	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
at	O
AvantGo	O
-LRB-	O
Hayward	O
,	O
Calif.	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
provider	O
of	O
mobile	O
infrastructure	O
software	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
For	O
the	O
past	O
several	O
years	O
,	O
McKesson	O
has	O
used	O
mobility	O
middleware	O
developed	O
by	O
AvantGo	O
to	O
deploy	O
major	O
supply	O
chain	O
applications	O
with	O
thousands	O
of	O
pervasive	B-KEY
clients	I-KEY
and	O
multiple	B-KEY
servers	I-KEY
that	O
replace	O
existing	O
paper-based	O
tracking	O
systems	O
.	O
According	O
to	O
McKesson	O
's	O
managers	O
,	O
their	O
system	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
errors	O
and	O
associated	O
costs	O
caused	O
by	O
redelivery	O
or	O
loss	O
of	O
valuable	O
products	O
,	O
giving	O
McKesson	O
a	O
solid	O
return	O
on	O
its	O
investment	O

Four	O
factors	O
influencing	O
the	O
fair	B-KEY
market	I-KEY
value	I-KEY
of	O
out-of-print	B-KEY
books	I-KEY
.1	O
Four	O
factors	O
-LRB-	O
edition	O
,	O
condition	O
,	O
dust	O
jacket	O
,	O
and	O
autograph	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
are	O
hypothesized	O
to	O
influence	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
books	O
are	O
identified	O
and	O
linked	O
to	O
basic	O
economic	B-KEY
principles	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
are	O
explained	O
.	O
A	O
sample	O
of	O
fifty-six	O
titles	O
is	O
qualitatively	O
examined	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O

Fault-tolerant	B-KEY
Hamiltonian	I-KEY
laceability	I-KEY
of	O
hypercubes	B-KEY
It	O
is	O
known	O
that	O
every	O
hypercube	B-KEY
Q/sub	O
n	O
/	O
is	O
a	O
bipartite	B-KEY
graph	I-KEY
.	O
Assume	O
that	O
n	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
2	O
and	O
F	O
is	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
edges	O
with	O
|	O
F	O
|	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
n-2	O
.	O
We	O
prove	O
that	O
there	O
exists	O
a	O
Hamiltonian	B-KEY
path	I-KEY
in	O
Q/sub	O
n	O
/	O
-	O
F	O
between	O
any	O
two	O
vertices	B-KEY
of	O
different	O
partite	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
there	O
exists	O
a	O
path	O
of	O
length	O
2/sup	O
n	O
/	O
-2	O
between	O
any	O
two	O
vertices	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
same	O
partite	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
.	O
Assume	O
that	O
n	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
and	O
F	O
is	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
edges	O
with	O
|	O
F	O
|	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
n-3	O
.	O
We	O
prove	O
that	O
there	O
exists	O
a	O
Hamiltonian	B-KEY
path	I-KEY
in	O
Q/sub	O
n	O
/	O
-	O
-LCB-	O
v	O
-RCB-	O
-	O
F	O
between	O
any	O
two	O
vertices	B-KEY
in	O
the	O
partite	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
without	O
v.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
all	O
bounds	O
are	O
tight	O

Information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
for	O
bilingual	O
Web	O
sites	O
Creating	O
an	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
bilingual	O
Web	O
site	O
presents	O
particular	O
challenges	O
beyond	O
those	O
that	O
exist	O
for	O
single	O
and	O
multilanguage	O
sites	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
reports	O
work	O
in	O
progress	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
content-based	B-KEY
bilingual	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
site	I-KEY
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
resources	O
and	O
information	O
between	O
Speech	O
and	O
Language	B-KEY
Therapists	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
two	O
aspects	O
:	O
an	O
abstract	O
structural	O
analysis	O
of	O
existing	O
bilingual	O
Web	O
designs	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
bilingual	O
material	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
bilingual	B-KEY
card-sorting	I-KEY
activity	I-KEY
conducted	O
with	O
potential	O
users	O
.	O
Issues	O
for	O
bilingual	B-KEY
developments	I-KEY
are	O
discussed	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
observations	O
are	O
made	O
regarding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
card-sorting	O
activities	O

Mount	B-KEY
Sinai	I-KEY
Hospital	I-KEY
uses	O
integer	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
to	O
allocate	O
operating	O
room	O
time	O
An	O
integer-programming	O
model	O
and	O
a	O
post-solution	B-KEY
heuristic	I-KEY
allocates	O
operating	O
room	O
time	O
to	O
the	O
five	O
surgical	O
divisions	O
at	O
Toronto	B-KEY
's	O
Mount	B-KEY
Sinai	I-KEY
Hospital	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
hospital	O
has	O
used	O
this	O
approach	O
for	O
several	O
years	O
and	O
credits	O
it	O
with	O
both	O
administrative	O
savings	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
produce	O
quickly	O
an	O
equitable	O
master	O
surgical	O
schedule	O

On	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
rules	O
in	O
neural	B-KEY
networks	I-KEY
A	O
simple	O
associationist	B-KEY
neural	I-KEY
network	I-KEY
learns	O
to	O
factor	O
abstract	O
rules	O
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
,	O
grammars	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
sequences	O
of	O
arbitrary	O
input	O
symbols	O
by	O
inventing	O
abstract	O
representations	O
that	O
accommodate	O
unseen	O
symbol	O
sets	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
unseen	O
but	O
similar	O
grammars	O
.	O
The	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
is	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
transfer	O
grammatical	O
knowledge	O
to	O
both	O
new	O
symbol	O
vocabularies	O
and	O
new	O
grammars	O
.	O
Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
state-space	B-KEY
shows	O
that	O
the	O
network	O
learns	B-KEY
generalized	O
abstract	O
structures	O
of	O
the	O
input	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
simply	O
memorizing	O
the	O
input	O
strings	O
.	O
These	O
representations	O
are	O
context	O
sensitive	O
,	O
hierarchical	O
,	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
state	O
variable	O
of	O
the	O
finite-state	O
machines	O
that	O
the	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
has	O
learned	B-KEY
.	O
Generalization	O
to	O
new	O
symbol	O
sets	O
or	O
grammars	O
arises	O
from	O
the	O
spatial	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
internal	O
representations	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
allowing	O
new	O
symbol	O
sets	O
to	O
be	O
encoded	O
close	O
to	O
symbol	O
sets	O
that	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
learned	B-KEY
in	O
the	O
hidden	O
unit	O
space	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
are	O
counter	O
to	O
the	O
arguments	O
that	O
learning	B-KEY
algorithms	O
based	O
on	O
weight	O
adaptation	O
after	O
each	O
exemplar	O
presentation	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
potentiation	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
mammalian	O
nervous	O
system	O
-RRB-	O
can	O
not	O
in	O
principle	O
extract	O
symbolic	B-KEY
knowledge	I-KEY
from	O
positive	O
examples	O
as	O
prescribed	O
by	O
prevailing	O
human	O
linguistic	O
theory	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
psychology	O

Discrete	B-KEY
output	I-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
sliding	B-KEY
mode	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
of	O
second	O
order	O
systems	O
-	O
a	O
moving	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
line	I-KEY
approach	O
The	O
sliding	B-KEY
mode	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
systems	O
-LRB-	O
SMCS	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
switching	B-KEY
variable	I-KEY
is	O
designed	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
conditions	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
sensitive	O
to	O
parameter	B-KEY
variations	I-KEY
and	O
extraneous	O
disturbances	O
during	O
the	O
reaching	O
phase	O
.	O
For	O
second	O
order	O
systems	O
this	O
drawback	O
is	O
eliminated	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
moving	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
line	I-KEY
technique	O
where	O
the	O
switching	O
line	O
is	O
initially	O
designed	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
initial	O
conditions	O
and	O
is	O
subsequently	O
moved	O
towards	O
a	O
predetermined	O
switching	O
line	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
idea	O
of	O
moving	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
line	I-KEY
together	O
with	O
the	O
reaching	O
law	O
approach	O
to	O
design	O
a	O
discrete	B-KEY
output	I-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
sliding	B-KEY
mode	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
main	O
contributions	O
of	O
this	O
work	O
are	O
such	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
to	O
use	O
system	O
states	O
as	O
it	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
only	O
the	O
output	O
samples	O
for	O
designing	O
the	O
controller	O
.	O
and	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
moving	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
line	I-KEY
a	O
low	O
sensitivity	O
system	O
is	O
obtained	O
through	O
shortening	O
the	O
reaching	O
phase	O
.	O
Simulation	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
fast	B-KEY
output	I-KEY
sampling	I-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
guarantees	O
sliding	O
motion	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
obtained	O
using	O
state	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY

Aim	O
for	O
the	O
enterprise	O
:	O
Microsoft	B-KEY
Project	I-KEY
2002	I-KEY
A	O
long-time	O
favorite	O
of	O
project	O
managers	O
,	O
Microsoft	B-KEY
Project	I-KEY
2002	I-KEY
is	O
making	O
its	O
enterprise	O
debut	O
.	O
Its	O
new	O
Web-based	B-KEY
collaboration	I-KEY
tools	I-KEY
and	O
improved	O
scalability	B-KEY
with	O
OLAP	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
make	O
it	O
much	O
easier	O
to	O
manage	O
multiple	O
Web	O
projects	O
with	O
disparate	O
workgroups	B-KEY
and	O
budgets	B-KEY

Effective	O
moving	B-KEY
cast	I-KEY
shadow	I-KEY
detection	O
for	O
monocular	O
color	O
traffic	O
image	O
sequences	O
For	O
an	O
accurate	B-KEY
scene	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
using	O
monocular	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
traffic	I-KEY
image	I-KEY
sequences	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
robust	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
of	O
moving	B-KEY
vehicles	I-KEY
from	O
the	O
stationary	B-KEY
background	I-KEY
is	O
generally	O
required	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
moving	B-KEY
cast	I-KEY
shadow	I-KEY
may	O
lead	O
to	O
an	O
inaccurate	O
vehicle	O
segmentation	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
further	O
erroneous	O
scene	O
analysis	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
moving	B-KEY
cast	I-KEY
shadow	I-KEY
.	O
By	O
observing	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
cast	B-KEY
shadow	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
luminance	B-KEY
,	O
chrominance	B-KEY
,	O
gradient	B-KEY
density	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
geometry	B-KEY
domains	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
combined	B-KEY
probability	I-KEY
map	I-KEY
,	O
called	O
a	O
shadow	B-KEY
confidence	I-KEY
score	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SCS	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
is	O
obtained	O
.	O
From	O
the	O
edge	O
map	O
of	O
the	O
input	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
,	O
each	O
edge	O
pixel	O
is	O
examined	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
it	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
vehicle	O
region	O
based	O
on	O
its	O
neighboring	O
SCSs	O
.	O
The	O
cast	B-KEY
shadow	I-KEY
is	O
identified	O
as	O
those	O
regions	O
with	O
high	O
SCSs	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
outside	O
the	O
convex	B-KEY
hull	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
selected	B-KEY
vehicle	I-KEY
edge	I-KEY
pixels	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
method	O
is	O
tested	O
on	O
100	O
vehicle	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
taken	O
under	O
different	O
lighting	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
sunny	B-KEY
and	O
cloudy	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
viewing	B-KEY
angles	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
roadside	O
and	O
overhead	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
vehicle	B-KEY
sizes	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
small	O
,	O
medium	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
colors	O
-LRB-	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
road	O
and	O
not	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
an	O
average	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
rate	I-KEY
of	O
around	O
14	O
%	O
is	O
obtained	O
while	O
the	O
lowest	O
error	O
rate	O
is	O
around	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
large	O
vehicles	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
on	O
public	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
use	O
:	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
consumer	O
market	O
for	O
library	O
and	O
Internet	B-KEY
services	O
The	O
potential	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
on	O
the	O
public	O
's	O
demand	O
for	O
the	O
services	O
and	O
resources	O
of	O
public	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
is	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
critical	O
importance	O
.	O
The	O
research	O
reported	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
provides	O
baseline	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
concerning	O
the	O
evolving	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
public	O
's	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
library	O
and	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
authors	O
developed	O
a	O
consumer	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
American	B-KEY
adult	I-KEY
market	I-KEY
for	O
information	O
services	O
and	O
resources	O
,	O
segmented	O
by	O
use	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
nonuse	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	O
public	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
and	O
by	O
access	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
lack	O
of	O
access	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
use	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
nonuse	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
.	O
A	O
national	B-KEY
Random	I-KEY
Digit	I-KEY
Dialing	I-KEY
telephone	I-KEY
survey	I-KEY
collected	O
data	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
six	O
market	O
segments	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
describe	O
their	O
usage	O
choices	O
between	O
the	O
public	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
analyses	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
provide	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
demographics	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
segments	O
;	O
describe	O
why	O
people	O
are	O
currently	O
using	O
the	O
public	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
;	O
identify	O
the	O
decision	B-KEY
criteria	I-KEY
people	O
use	O
in	O
their	O
choices	O
of	O
which	O
provider	O
to	O
use	O
;	O
identify	O
areas	O
in	O
which	O
libraries	O
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
appear	O
to	O
be	O
competing	O
and	O
areas	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
complementary	O
;	O
and	O
identify	O
reasons	O
why	O
people	O
choose	O
not	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
public	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
and/or	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
some	O
differentiation	O
between	O
the	O
library	O
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
is	O
taking	O
place	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
very	O
well	O
have	O
an	O
impact	O
on	O
consumer	O
choices	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
.	O
Longitudinal	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
fully	O
reveal	O
trends	O
in	O
these	O
usage	O
choices	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
implications	O
for	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
libraries	O
in	O
planning	O
and	O
policy	O
development	O

Exploring	O
developments	O
in	O
Web	B-KEY
based	I-KEY
relationship	I-KEY
marketing	I-KEY
within	O
the	O
hotel	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
provides	O
a	O
content	O
analysis	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
World	B-KEY
Wide	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
marketing	I-KEY
by	O
the	O
hotel	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
.	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
historical	O
perspective	O
on	O
industry	O
related	O
Web	O
marketing	O
applications	O
and	O
this	O
paper	O
attempts	O
to	O
resolve	O
this	O
with	O
a	O
two-year	O
follow-up	O
case	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
changing	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
to	O
develop	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
relationships	O
.	O
Specifically	O
,	O
the	O
aims	O
are	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
identify	O
key	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
hotels	O
are	O
using	O
the	O
Web	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
a	O
relationship	O
marketing	O
-LRB-	O
RM	O
-RRB-	O
model	O
as	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
hotel	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
sites	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
new	O
technologies	O
;	O
and	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
multimedia	B-KEY
in	O
hotel	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
sites	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
development	O
and	O
strategic	O
exploitation	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
has	O
transformed	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
marketing	O
.	O
Using	O
the	O
evidence	O
from	O
a	O
Web	B-KEY
content	I-KEY
survey	I-KEY
this	O
study	O
reveals	O
the	O
way	O
relationships	O
are	O
being	O
created	O
and	O
managed	O
within	O
the	O
hotel	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
by	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
as	O
a	O
marketing	O
tool	O
.	O
The	O
authors	O
have	O
collected	O
evidence	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
a	O
descriptive	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
hotels	O
build	O
and	O
create	O
relationships	O
with	O
their	O
Web	O
presence	O
delivering	O
multimedia	B-KEY
information	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
channel	O
and	O
interactive	O
means	O
of	O
communication	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
a	O
strategic	O
framework	O
is	O
offered	O
as	O
the	O
means	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
mechanism	O
and	O
orientation	O
of	O
Web	O
based	O
marketing	O
by	O
hotels	O
.	O
The	O
study	O
utilizes	O
a	O
model	O
by	O
Gilbert	O
-LRB-	O
1996	O
-RRB-	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
developing	O
a	O
measurement	O
instrument	O
to	O
allow	O
a	O
content	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
approach	O
by	O
hotels	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Web	O
sites	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
indicate	O
hotels	O
are	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
uses	O
of	O
Web	O
technology	O
and	O
are	O
promoting	O
hotel	O
products	O
in	O
the	O
global	B-KEY
electronic	I-KEY
market	I-KEY
in	O
new	O
and	O
sophisticated	O
ways	O

System	O
embedding	O
.	O
Polynomial	B-KEY
equations	I-KEY
The	O
class	O
of	O
solutions	O
of	O
the	O
polynomial	B-KEY
equations	I-KEY
including	O
their	O
generalizations	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
Bezout	B-KEY
matrix	I-KEY
identities	I-KEY
was	O
constructed	O
analytically	O
using	O
the	O
technology	O
of	O
constructive	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
embedding	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
solution	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
steps	O
of	O
the	O
Euclidean	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
and	O
is	O
obtained	O
explicitly	O
by	O
appropriate	O
substitutions	O
.	O
Illustrative	O
and	O
descriptive	O
examples	O
are	O
presented	O

Robust	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
controlled	I-KEY
photovoltaic	I-KEY
power	I-KEY
inverter	I-KEY
with	O
Taguchi	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
design	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
robust	O
fuzzy	O
controlled	O
photovoltaic	O
-LRB-	O
PV	O
-RRB-	O
power	O
inverter	O
with	O
Taguchi	O
tuned	B-KEY
scaling	I-KEY
factors	I-KEY
.	O
To	O
achieve	O
fast	O
transient	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
,	O
small	O
steady-state	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
and	O
system	B-KEY
robustness	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
robust	O
fuzzy	O
controller	O
is	O
adopted	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
its	O
input	O
and	O
output	B-KEY
scaling	I-KEY
factors	I-KEY
are	O
determined	O
efficiently	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Taguchi-tuning	O
algorithm	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
system	O
can	O
operate	O
in	O
different	O
modes	O
,	O
grid-connection	B-KEY
mode	I-KEY
and	O
stand-alone	B-KEY
mode	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
can	O
accommodate	O
wide	O
load	B-KEY
variations	I-KEY
.	O
Simulation	O
results	O
and	O
hardware	O
measurements	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
prototype	O
with	O
a	O
microcontroller	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
Intel	O
80196KC	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
presented	O
to	O
verify	O
the	O
theoretical	O
discussions	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
adaptivity	B-KEY
,	O
robustness	O
and	O
feasibility	B-KEY

Underground	B-KEY
poetry	I-KEY
,	O
collecting	O
poetry	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
librarian	B-KEY
A	O
powerful	O
encounter	O
with	O
underground	B-KEY
poetry	I-KEY
and	O
its	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
poetry	O
,	O
literature	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
culture	B-KEY
is	O
discussed	O
.	O
The	O
acquisitions	O
difficulties	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
unique	O
publishing	B-KEY
world	O
of	O
underground	B-KEY
poetry	I-KEY
are	O
introduced	O
.	O
Strategies	O
for	O
acquiring	O
underground	B-KEY
poetry	I-KEY
for	O
library	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
are	O
proposed	O
,	O
including	O
total	O
immersion	O
and	O
local	O
focus	O
,	O
with	O
accompanying	O
action	O

Theoretical	O
and	O
experimental	O
investigations	O
on	O
coherence	O
of	O
traffic	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
transmission	I-KEY
through	O
an	O
open	B-KEY
window	I-KEY
into	O
a	O
rectangular	B-KEY
room	I-KEY
in	O
high-rise	B-KEY
buildings	I-KEY
A	O
method	O
for	O
theoretically	O
calculating	O
the	O
coherence	O
between	O
sound	B-KEY
pressure	I-KEY
inside	O
a	O
rectangular	B-KEY
room	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
high-rise	B-KEY
building	I-KEY
and	O
that	O
outside	O
the	O
open	B-KEY
window	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
room	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
The	O
traffic	O
noise	O
transmitted	O
into	O
a	O
room	O
is	O
generally	O
dominated	O
by	O
low-frequency	B-KEY
components	I-KEY
,	O
to	O
which	O
active	O
noise	O
control	O
-LRB-	O
ANC	O
-RRB-	O
technology	O
may	O
find	O
an	O
application	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
good	O
coherence	O
between	O
reference	O
and	O
error	O
signals	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
an	O
effective	O
noise	O
reduction	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
checked	O
first	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
traffic	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
prediction	I-KEY
methods	I-KEY
,	O
wave	B-KEY
theory	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
mode	B-KEY
coupling	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
enabled	O
one	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
potentials	O
and	O
limitations	O
of	O
ANC	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
such	O
a	O
transmission	O
.	O
Experimental	O
coherence	O
results	O
are	O
shown	O
for	O
two	O
similar	O
,	O
empty	O
rectangular	B-KEY
rooms	I-KEY
located	O
on	O
the	O
17th	O
and	O
30th	O
floors	O
of	O
a	O
34	O
floor	O
high-rise	B-KEY
building	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
calculated	O
results	O
with	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
are	O
generally	O
in	O
good	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
experimental	O
results	O
and	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
coherence	O

An	O
automated	B-KEY
parallel	I-KEY
image	I-KEY
registration	I-KEY
technique	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
correlation	B-KEY
of	O
wavelet	B-KEY
features	I-KEY
With	O
the	O
increasing	O
importance	O
of	O
multiple	O
multiplatform	O
remote	B-KEY
sensing	I-KEY
missions	O
,	O
fast	O
and	O
automatic	O
integration	O
of	O
digital	O
data	O
from	O
disparate	O
sources	O
has	O
become	O
critical	O
to	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
these	O
endeavors	O
.	O
Our	O
work	O
utilizes	O
maxima	O
of	O
wavelet	O
coefficients	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
basic	O
features	O
of	O
a	O
correlation-based	O
automatic	B-KEY
registration	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
.	O
Our	O
wavelet-based	O
registration	O
algorithm	O
is	O
tested	O
successfully	O
with	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
National	O
Oceanic	O
and	O
Atmospheric	O
Administration	O
-LRB-	O
NOAA	O
-RRB-	O
Advanced	O
Very	O
High	O
Resolution	O
Radiometer	O
-LRB-	O
AVHRR	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
Landsat	B-KEY
Thematic	I-KEY
Mapper	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
TM	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
differ	O
by	O
translation	O
and/or	O
rotation	O
.	O
By	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
high-frequency	O
wavelet	B-KEY
features	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
method	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
an	O
edge-based	O
correlation	B-KEY
method	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
exploiting	O
the	O
multiresolution	O
nature	O
of	O
a	O
wavelet	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
,	O
our	O
method	O
achieves	O
higher	O
computational	O
speeds	O
for	O
comparable	O
accuracies	O
.	O
This	O
algorithm	O
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
on	O
a	O
single-instruction	O
multiple-data	O
-LRB-	O
SIMD	O
-RRB-	O
massively	O
parallel	O
computer	O
,	O
the	O
MasPar	O
MP-2	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
the	O
CrayT3D	O
,	O
the	O
Cray	O
T3E	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Beowulf	O
cluster	O
of	O
Pentium	O
workstations	O

Evolution	O
of	O
litigation	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
For	O
original	O
paper	O
see	O
ibid.	O
,	O
vol	O
.	O
12	O
,	O
no.	O
6	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
E-mail	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
Species	O
''	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
responds	O
to	O
that	O
paper	O
and	O
argues	O
that	O
printing	O
,	O
scanning	O
and	O
imaging	O
E-mails	B-KEY
or	O
other	O
electronic	O
-LRB-	O
rather	O
than	O
paper	O
-RRB-	O
documents	O
prior	O
to	O
listing	O
and	O
disclosure	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
unnecessary	O
,	O
not	O
`	O
proportionate	O
'	O
-LRB-	O
from	O
a	O
costs	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
not	O
particularly	O
helpful	O
,	O
to	O
either	O
side	O
.	O
He	O
asks	O
how	O
litigation	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
might	O
evolve	O
to	O
help	O
and	O
support	O
the	O
legal	B-KEY
team	I-KEY
in	O
their	O
task	O

Search	O
for	O
efficient	O
solutions	O
of	O
multi-criterion	B-KEY
problems	I-KEY
by	O
target-level	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
The	O
target-level	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
is	O
considered	O
for	O
solving	O
continuous	B-KEY
multi-criterion	I-KEY
maximization	I-KEY
problems	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
the	O
first	O
step	O
,	O
the	O
decision-maker	O
specifies	O
a	O
target-level	B-KEY
point	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
the	O
desired	O
criterion	O
values	O
-RRB-	O
;	O
then	O
in	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
vector	O
evaluations	O
we	O
seek	O
points	O
that	O
are	O
closest	O
to	O
the	O
target	O
point	O
in	O
the	O
Chebyshev	B-KEY
metric	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
vector	O
evaluations	O
obtained	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
are	O
in	O
general	O
weakly	O
efficient	O
.	O
To	O
identify	O
the	O
efficient	O
evaluations	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
step	O
maximizes	O
the	O
sum	O
of	O
the	O
criteria	O
on	O
the	O
set	O
generated	O
in	O
step	O
1	O
.	O
We	O
prove	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
evaluations	O
and	O
decisions	O
obtained	O
by	O
the	O
proposed	O
procedure	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
efficient	O
-LRB-	O
weakly	O
efficient	O
-RRB-	O
evaluations	O
and	O
decisions	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
.	O
If	O
the	O
Edgeworth-Pareto	B-KEY
hull	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
vector	O
evaluations	O
is	O
convex	O
,	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
efficient	O
vector	O
evaluations	O
can	O
be	O
approximated	O
by	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O

A	O
new	O
method	O
of	O
systemological	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
coordinated	O
with	O
the	O
procedure	O
of	O
object-oriented	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
.	O
II	O
For	O
pt.I	O
.	O
see	O
Vestn	O
.	O
KhGPU	O
,	O
no.	O
81	O
,	O
p.15-18	O
-LRB-	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
presents	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
object-oriented	O
systemological	O
method	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
complex	O
systems	O
.	O
A	O
formal	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
representation	I-KEY
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
axiomatics	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
calculus	O
of	O
systems	O
as	O
functional	B-KEY
flow-type	I-KEY
objects	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
a	O
Node-Function-Object	O
class	O
hierarchy	O
are	O
proposed	O
.	O
A	O
formalized	B-KEY
NFO/UFO	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
and	O
CASE	B-KEY
tools	I-KEY
used	O
to	O
support	O
it	O
are	O
considered	O

Do	O
n't	O
always	O
believe	O
what	O
you	O
Reed	O
-LSB-	O
optimisation	B-KEY
techniques	I-KEY
for	O
Web	B-KEY
sites	I-KEY
and	O
trade	B-KEY
mark	I-KEY
infringement	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
On	O
20	O
May	O
2002	O
,	O
Mr	O
Justice	O
Pumfrey	O
gave	O
judgment	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
Reed	B-KEY
Executive	I-KEY
Plc	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
Reed	B-KEY
Solutions	I-KEY
Plc	I-KEY
versus	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
Reed	B-KEY
Business	I-KEY
Information	I-KEY
Limited	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
Reed	O
Elsevier	O
-LRB-	O
UK	O
-RRB-	O
Limited	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
totaljobs.com	B-KEY
Limited	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
case	O
explored	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
any	O
detail	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
various	O
optimisation	B-KEY
techniques	I-KEY
for	O
Web	B-KEY
sites	I-KEY
could	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
new	O
forms	O
of	O
trade	B-KEY
mark	I-KEY
infringement	I-KEY
and	O
passing	B-KEY
off	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
author	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
case	O
and	O
offers	O
his	O
comments	O

Presentation	B-KEY
media	I-KEY
,	O
information	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
learning	B-KEY
outcomes	I-KEY
Multimedia	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
provides	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
presentation	I-KEY
modality	I-KEY
combinations	I-KEY
.	O
Educators	B-KEY
have	O
observed	O
that	O
visuals	O
enhance	O
learning	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
multimedia	B-KEY
presentations	I-KEY
should	O
be	O
superior	O
to	O
text-only	O
and	O
text	O
with	O
static	B-KEY
pictures	I-KEY
in	O
facilitating	O
optimal	B-KEY
human	I-KEY
information	I-KEY
processing	I-KEY
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
comprehension	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
reports	O
the	O
findings	O
from	O
a	O
3	O
-LRB-	O
text-only	O
,	O
overhead	B-KEY
slides	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
multimedia	B-KEY
presentation	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
*	O
2	O
-LRB-	O
high	O
and	O
low	O
information	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
factorial	O
experiment	O
.	O
Subjects	O
read	O
a	O
text	B-KEY
script	I-KEY
,	O
viewed	O
an	O
acetate	O
overhead	B-KEY
slide	I-KEY
presentation	O
,	O
or	O
viewed	O
a	O
multimedia	O
presentation	O
depicting	O
the	O
greenhouse	O
effect	O
-LRB-	O
low	O
complexity	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
photocopier	O
operation	O
-LRB-	O
high	O
complexity	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Multimedia	O
was	O
superior	O
to	O
text-only	O
and	O
overhead	B-KEY
slides	I-KEY
for	O
comprehension	O
.	O
Information	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
diminished	O
comprehension	O
and	O
perceived	O
presentation	O
quality	O
.	O
Multimedia	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
negative	O
impact	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
on	O
comprehension	O
and	O
increase	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
sustained	B-KEY
attention	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
presentation	O
.	O
These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
multimedia	B-KEY
presentations	I-KEY
invoke	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
verbal	O
and	O
visual	B-KEY
working	I-KEY
memory	I-KEY
channels	I-KEY
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
cognitive	B-KEY
load	I-KEY
imposed	O
by	O
increased	O
information	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
multimedia	B-KEY
superiority	I-KEY
in	O
facilitating	O
comprehension	O
goes	O
beyond	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
increase	O
sustained	B-KEY
attention	I-KEY
;	O
the	O
quality	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
information	O
processing	O
attained	O
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
verbal	O
and	O
visual	O
working	O
memory	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
also	O
significant	O

Mobile	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
``	O
Killer	O
app	O
''	O
competition	O
Design	B-KEY
competitions	I-KEY
offer	O
students	O
an	O
excellent	O
way	O
to	O
gain	O
hands-on	O
experience	O
in	O
engineering	O
and	O
computer	O
science	O
courses	O
.	O
The	O
University	O
of	O
Florida	O
,	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
Motorola	B-KEY
,	O
has	O
held	O
two	O
mobile	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
design	B-KEY
competitions	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
Spring	O
and	O
Fall	O
2001	O
,	O
students	O
in	O
Abdelsalam	O
Helal	O
's	O
Mobile	B-KEY
Computing	I-KEY
class	O
designed	O
killer	O
apps	O
for	O
a	O
Motorola	B-KEY
smart	B-KEY
phone	I-KEY

Diffraction	B-KEY
limit	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
circular	B-KEY
mask	I-KEY
with	O
a	O
periodic	O
rectangular	O
apertures	O
array	O
A	O
mask	B-KEY
with	O
periodic	B-KEY
apertures	I-KEY
imaging	O
system	O
is	O
adopted	O
very	O
widely	O
and	O
plays	O
a	O
leading	O
role	O
in	O
modern	O
technology	O
for	O
uses	O
such	O
as	O
pinhole	B-KEY
cameras	I-KEY
,	O
coded	B-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
optical	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
processing	I-KEY
,	O
etc.	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
high	B-KEY
resolution	I-KEY
,	O
its	O
infinite	B-KEY
depth	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
focus	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
its	O
usefulness	O
over	O
a	O
broad	B-KEY
frequency	I-KEY
spectra	I-KEY
ranging	O
from	O
visible	B-KEY
light	I-KEY
to	O
X-rays	O
and	O
gamma	B-KEY
rays	I-KEY
.	O
While	O
the	O
masks	B-KEY
with	O
periodic	B-KEY
apertures	I-KEY
investigated	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
are	O
limited	O
only	O
to	O
far-field	B-KEY
diffraction	I-KEY
,	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
take	O
the	O
shift	O
of	O
apertures	O
within	O
the	O
mask	B-KEY
into	O
consideration	O
.	O
Therefore	O
the	O
derivation	O
of	O
the	O
far-field	B-KEY
diffraction	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
single	B-KEY
aperture	I-KEY
can	O
not	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
mask	B-KEY
with	O
periodic	B-KEY
apertures	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
far-field	B-KEY
diffraction	I-KEY
formula	O
modified	O
for	O
a	O
multiaperture	O
mask	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
the	O
analysis	O
remains	O
too	O
complicated	O
to	O
offer	O
some	O
practical	O
guidance	O
for	O
mask	O
design	O
.	O
We	O
study	O
a	O
circular	B-KEY
mask	I-KEY
with	O
periodic	O
rectangular	O
apertures	O
and	O
develop	O
an	O
easier	O
way	O
to	O
interpret	O
it	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
the	O
near-field	B-KEY
diffraction	I-KEY
intensity	O
of	O
a	O
circular	O
aperture	O
is	O
calculated	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
Lommel	O
's	O
function	O
.	O
Then	O
the	O
convolution	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
circular	B-KEY
mask	I-KEY
diffraction	O
with	O
periodic	O
rectangular	O
apertures	O
is	O
put	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
can	O
present	O
a	O
simple	O
mathematical	O
tool	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
mask	O
properties	O
including	O
the	O
intensity	O
distribution	O
,	O
blurring	O
aberration	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
criterion	O
of	O
defining	O
the	O
far	O
-	O
or	O
near-field	O
diffraction	O
.	O
This	O
concept	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
expanded	O
to	O
analyze	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
masks	B-KEY
with	O
the	O
arbitrarily	B-KEY
shaped	I-KEY
apertures	I-KEY

Integration	O
is	O
key	O
-	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
enterprise	B-KEY
application	I-KEY
integration	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
EAI	O
-RRB-	O
technology	O
Over	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
numerous	O
organisations	O
have	O
invested	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
software	O
applications	O
to	O
drive	O
their	O
business	O
forward	O
.	O
But	O
many	O
are	O
now	O
finding	O
that	O
these	O
systems	O
are	O
becoming	O
redundant	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
.	O
The	O
key	O
to	O
staying	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
competition	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
current	O
climate	O
is	O
now	O
to	O
integrate	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
systems	O
,	O
says	O
Justin	O
Opie	O
,	O
Portfolio	O
Director	O
at	O
Imark	B-KEY
Communications	I-KEY

A	O
digital-to-analog	B-KEY
converter	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
differential-quad	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
A	O
high-conversion-rate	O
high-resolution	O
oversampling	O
digital-to-analog	B-KEY
converter	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DAC	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
direct	B-KEY
digital	I-KEY
modulation	I-KEY
is	O
addressed	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O
A	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
switching	O
scheme	O
,	O
called	O
differential-quad	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
,	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O
To	O
verify	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
this	O
scheme	O
,	O
essential	O
parts	O
with	O
some	O
auxiliary	O
circuitry	O
for	O
interfacing	O
were	O
fabricated	O
in	O
a	O
0.8	O
-	O
mu	O
m	O
CMOS	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
.	O
Measured	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
switching	O
scheme	O
provides	O
11-b	O
resolution	O
at	O
100	O
MSamples/s	O
and	O
6-b	O
at	O
1	O
GSamples/s	O
.	O
The	O
degradation	O
in	O
signal-to-noise	B-KEY
ratio	I-KEY
is	O
not	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
variation	O
of	O
the	O
supply	O
voltage	O
down	O
to	O
1.5	B-KEY
V	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
means	O
the	O
proposed	O
scheme	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
low-voltage	O
applications	O

Modeling	O
daily	B-KEY
realized	I-KEY
futures	I-KEY
volatility	I-KEY
with	O
singular	B-KEY
spectrum	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
Using	O
singular	B-KEY
spectrum	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SSA	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
we	O
model	O
the	O
realized	O
volatility	O
and	O
logarithmic	B-KEY
standard	I-KEY
deviations	I-KEY
of	O
two	O
important	O
futures	O
return	B-KEY
series	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
realized	O
volatility	O
and	O
logarithmic	B-KEY
standard	I-KEY
deviations	I-KEY
are	O
constructed	O
following	O
the	O
methodology	O
of	O
Andersen	O
et	O
al.	O
-LSB-	O
J.	O
Am	O
.	O
Stat	O
.	O
Ass	O
.	O
96	O
-LRB-	O
2001	O
-RRB-	O
42-55	O
-RSB-	O
using	O
intra-day	O
transaction	O
data	O
.	O
We	O
find	O
that	O
SSA	B-KEY
decomposes	O
the	O
volatility	O
series	O
quite	O
well	O
and	O
effectively	O
captures	O
both	O
the	O
market	B-KEY
trend	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
accounting	O
for	O
about	O
34-38	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
variance	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
,	O
more	O
importantly	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
underlying	O
market	B-KEY
periodicities	I-KEY
.	O
Reliable	O
identification	O
of	O
any	O
periodicities	O
is	O
extremely	O
important	O
for	O
options	B-KEY
pricing	I-KEY
and	O
risk	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
and	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
SSA	B-KEY
can	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
financial	B-KEY
practitioners	I-KEY
'	O
toolbox	O

Incremental	B-KEY
motion	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
of	O
linear	B-KEY
synchronous	I-KEY
motor	I-KEY
In	O
this	O
study	O
a	O
particular	O
incremental	B-KEY
motion	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
problem	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
specified	O
by	O
the	O
trapezoidal	B-KEY
velocity	I-KEY
profile	I-KEY
using	O
multisegment	B-KEY
sliding	I-KEY
mode	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MSSMC	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
is	O
proposed	O
to	O
control	O
a	O
permanent	O
magnet	O
linear	B-KEY
synchronous	I-KEY
motor	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
PMLSM	O
-RRB-	O
servo	B-KEY
drive	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
.	O
First	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
operating	O
principle	O
of	O
the	O
PMLSM	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
detail	O
.	O
Second	O
,	O
a	O
field-oriented	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
PMLSM	O
servo	O
drive	O
is	O
introduced	O
.	O
Then	O
,	O
each	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
multisegment	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
surfaces	I-KEY
is	O
designed	O
to	O
match	O
the	O
corresponding	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
trapezoidal	B-KEY
velocity	I-KEY
profile	I-KEY
,	O
thus	O
the	O
motor	B-KEY
dynamics	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
specified-segment	O
switching	O
surface	O
have	O
the	O
desired	O
velocity	O
or	O
acceleration	O
corresponding	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
trapezoidal	B-KEY
velocity	I-KEY
profile	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
control	O
system	O
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
PC-based	O
computer	O
control	O
system	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
PMLSM	O
servo	B-KEY
drive	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
is	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
some	O
simulated	O
and	O
experimental	O
results	O

Diagnosis	O
of	O
the	O
technical	O
state	O
of	O
heat	O
systems	O
A	O
step-by-step	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
the	O
technical	O
state	O
of	O
heat	O
systems	O
is	O
stated	O
.	O
The	O
class	O
of	O
physical	O
defects	O
is	O
supplemented	O
by	O
the	O
behavioral	O
defects	O
of	O
objects	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
disturbance	O
of	O
the	O
modes	O
of	O
their	O
operation	O
.	O
The	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
approach	O
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
solution	O
of	O
a	O
specific	O
problem	O
of	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
a	O
closed	O
heat	O
consumption	O
system	O

Accurate	O
modeling	O
of	O
lossy	B-KEY
nonuniform	I-KEY
transmission	I-KEY
lines	I-KEY
by	O
using	O
differential	B-KEY
quadrature	I-KEY
methods	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
discusses	O
an	O
efficient	O
numerical	B-KEY
approximation	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
,	O
called	O
the	O
differential	B-KEY
quadrature	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DQM	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
adapted	O
to	O
model	O
lossy	O
uniform	O
and	O
nonuniform	O
transmission	O
lines	O
.	O
The	O
DQM	O
can	O
quickly	O
compute	O
the	O
derivative	O
of	O
a	O
function	O
at	O
any	O
point	O
within	O
its	O
bounded	O
domain	O
by	O
estimating	O
a	O
weighted	O
linear	O
sum	O
of	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
function	O
at	O
a	O
small	O
set	O
of	O
points	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
domain	O
.	O
Using	O
the	O
DQM	O
,	O
the	O
frequency-domain	O
Telegrapher	O
's	O
partial	B-KEY
differential	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
for	O
transmission	O
lines	O
can	O
be	O
discretized	O
into	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
easily	O
solvable	O
algebraic	B-KEY
equations	I-KEY
.	O
DQM	O
reduces	O
interconnects	B-KEY
into	O
multiport	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
whose	O
port	O
voltages	O
and	O
currents	O
are	O
related	O
by	O
rational	O
formulas	O
in	O
the	O
frequency	O
domain	O
.	O
Although	O
the	O
rationalization	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
in	O
DQM	O
is	O
comparable	O
with	O
the	O
Pade	O
approximation	O
of	O
asymptotic	O
waveform	O
evaluation	O
-LRB-	O
AWE	O
-RRB-	O
applied	O
to	O
transmission	O
lines	O
,	O
the	O
derivation	O
mechanisms	O
in	O
these	O
two	O
disparate	O
methods	O
are	O
significantly	O
different	O
.	O
Unlike	O
AWE	O
,	O
which	O
employs	O
a	O
complex	O
moment-matching	O
process	O
to	O
obtain	O
rational	O
approximation	O
,	O
the	O
DQM	O
requires	O
no	O
approximation	O
of	O
transcendental	O
functions	O
,	O
thereby	O
avoiding	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
moment	O
generation	O
and	O
moment	O
matching	O
.	O
Due	O
to	O
global	O
sampling	O
of	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
DQM	O
approximation	O
,	O
it	O
requires	O
far	O
fewer	O
grid	O
points	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
build	O
accurate	O
discrete	O
models	O
than	O
other	O
numerical	O
methods	O
do	O
.	O
The	O
DQM-based	O
time-domain	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
readily	O
integrated	O
in	O
a	O
circuit	O
simulator	O
like	O
SPICE	O

Power	B-KEY
electronics	I-KEY
spark	O
new	O
simulation	B-KEY
challenges	I-KEY
This	O
article	O
discusses	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
changes	O
that	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
in	O
power	O
systems	O
and	O
explores	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
inherent	O
requirements	O
for	O
simulation	B-KEY
technologies	I-KEY
in	O
order	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
this	O
rapidly	O
changing	O
environment	O
.	O
The	O
authors	O
describe	O
how	O
energy	O
utilities	O
are	O
realizing	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
appropriate	O
tools	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
train	O
and	O
sustain	O
engineers	O
who	O
can	O
maintain	O
a	O
great	O
insight	O
into	O
system	O
dynamics	O

Putting	O
pen	O
to	O
screen	O
on	O
Tablet	B-KEY
PCs	I-KEY
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Tablet	B-KEY
PCs	I-KEY
produced	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-KEY
Corp.	O
's	O
general	O
specifications	O
,	O
handheld	O
computers	B-KEY
may	I-KEY
be	O
about	O
to	O
leap	O
into	O
the	O
ring	O
with	O
today	O
's	O
laptops	O
.	O
They	O
will	O
be	O
about	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
smaller	O
laptops	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
powerful	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
their	O
biggest	O
selling	O
point-will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
handwritten	B-KEY
text	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
Tablet	B-KEY
PCs	I-KEY
will	O
be	O
amply	O
configured	O
,	O
general-purpose	O
machines	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
enough	O
power	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
full-blown	O
Windows	B-KEY
XP	I-KEY
operating	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
allow	O
handwritten	B-KEY
text	I-KEY
to	O
be	O
entered	O
onto	O
a	O
digitizing	B-KEY
tablet	I-KEY
and	O
recognized	O
,	O
a	O
functionality	O
that	O
's	O
called	O
pen-based	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
Tablet	B-KEY
PC	I-KEY
will	O
far	O
outpace	O
the	O
computing	O
power	O
of	O
existing	O
small	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
PDAs	O
-LRB-	O
personal	O
digital	O
assistants	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
variants	O
based	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-KEY
's	O
own	O
Pocket	O
PC	O
operating	O
system	O

All-optical	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
NOR	I-KEY
gate	I-KEY
using	O
two-cascaded	B-KEY
semiconductor	I-KEY
optical	I-KEY
amplifiers	I-KEY
The	O
authors	O
present	O
a	O
novel	O
all-optical	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
NOR	I-KEY
gate	I-KEY
using	O
two-cascaded	O
semiconductor	O
optical	O
.	O
amplifiers	O
-LRB-	O
SOAs	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
a	O
counterpropagating	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
configuration	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
configuration	O
accentuates	O
the	O
gain	B-KEY
nonlinearity	I-KEY
due	O
to	O
the	O
mutual	B-KEY
gain	I-KEY
modulation	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
two	O
SOAs	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
all-optical	O
NOR	O
gate	O
feasibility	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
delivering	O
an	O
extinction	B-KEY
ratio	I-KEY
higher	O
than	O
12	O
dB	O
over	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
wavelength	O

Licensing	O
experiences	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-KEY
The	O
licensing	B-KEY
strategy	I-KEY
of	O
university	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-KEY
is	O
closely	O
connected	O
with	O
university	B-KEY
policies	I-KEY
to	O
develop	O
document	B-KEY
servers	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
make	O
research	B-KEY
publications	I-KEY
available	O
on	O
the	O
Web	B-KEY
.	O
National	O
agreements	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
with	O
major	O
publishers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Elsevier	B-KEY
Science	I-KEY
and	O
Kluwer	B-KEY
Academic	I-KEY
,	O
to	O
provide	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
scientific	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
experiment	O
with	O
new	O
ways	O
of	O
providing	O
information	O
and	O
new	O
business	B-KEY
models	I-KEY

Using	O
NetCloak	B-KEY
to	O
develop	O
server-side	B-KEY
Web-based	I-KEY
experiments	I-KEY
without	O
writing	O
CGI	B-KEY
programs	I-KEY
Server-side	O
experiments	O
use	O
the	O
Web	B-KEY
server	I-KEY
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
participant	O
's	O
browser	O
,	O
to	O
handle	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
random	B-KEY
assignment	I-KEY
,	O
eliminating	O
inconsistencies	O
with	O
Java	B-KEY
and	O
other	O
client-side	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY
.	O
Heretofore	O
,	O
experimenters	O
wishing	O
to	O
create	O
server-side	O
experiments	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
write	O
programs	O
to	O
create	O
common	O
gateway	O
interface	O
-LRB-	O
CGI	O
-RRB-	O
scripts	O
in	O
programming	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
Perl	B-KEY
and	O
C++	O
.	O
NetCloak	B-KEY
uses	O
simple	O
,	O
HTML-like	O
commands	O
to	O
create	O
CGIs	O
.	O
We	O
used	O
NetCloak	B-KEY
to	O
implement	O
an	O
experiment	O
on	O
probability	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
.	O
Measurements	O
of	O
time	O
on	O
task	O
and	O
participants	O
'	O
IP	B-KEY
addresses	I-KEY
assisted	O
quality	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
.	O
Without	O
prior	O
training	O
,	O
in	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
month	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
NetCloak	B-KEY
to	O
design	O
and	O
create	O
a	O
Web-based	O
experiment	O
and	O
to	O
help	O
graduate	B-KEY
students	I-KEY
create	O
three	O
Web-based	O
experiments	O
of	O
their	O
own	O

Union	O
outreach	O
-	O
a	O
pilgrim	O
's	O
progress	O
As	O
the	O
American	B-KEY
labor	I-KEY
movement	I-KEY
continues	O
on	O
its	O
path	O
toward	O
reorganization	O
and	O
rejuvenation	O
,	O
archivists	B-KEY
are	O
challenged	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
organizational	O
,	O
political	O
,	O
and	O
cultural	B-KEY
changes	I-KEY
labor	B-KEY
unions	I-KEY
are	O
experiencing	O
are	O
fully	O
documented	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
examines	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
labor	B-KEY
archivists	I-KEY
to	O
reach	O
out	O
actively	O
to	O
unions	O
and	O
the	O
problems	O
they	O
face	O
in	O
getting	O
their	O
message	O
across	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
union	O
leadership	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
union	O
members	O
.	O
Outreach	O
by	O
labor	B-KEY
archivists	I-KEY
is	O
vital	O
on	O
three	O
critical	O
fronts	O
:	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
secure	O
union	O
funding	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
labor	O
archival	O
programs	O
;	O
obtaining	O
union	O
cooperation	O
in	O
reviewing	O
and	O
amending	O
obsolete	O
deposit	O
agreements	O
;	O
and	O
coordinating	O
efforts	O
with	O
unions	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
records	O
of	O
closing	O
district	O
and	O
local	O
union	O
offices	O
.	O
Attempting	O
to	O
resolve	O
these	O
outstanding	O
issues	O
,	O
labor	B-KEY
archivists	I-KEY
are	O
pulled	O
between	O
two	O
distinct	O
institutional	O
cultures	O
-LRB-	O
one	O
academic	O
in	O
nature	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
enmeshed	O
in	O
a	O
union	O
bureaucracy	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
often	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
labor	O
archival	O
programs	O
compromised	O
by	O
the	O
internal	O
dynamics	O
and	O
politics	O
inherent	O
in	O
administering	O
large	O
academic	O
libraries	O
and	O
unions	O
.	O
If	O
labor	B-KEY
archivists	I-KEY
are	O
to	O
be	O
successful	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
find	O
their	O
collective	O
voice	O
within	O
the	O
labor	O
movement	O
and	O
establish	O
their	O
relevancy	O
to	O
unions	O
during	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
momentous	O
change	O
and	O
restructuring	O
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
archivists	B-KEY
need	O
to	O
give	O
greater	O
thought	O
to	O
designing	O
and	O
implementing	O
outreach	O
programs	O
that	O
bridge	O
the	O
fundamental	O
``	O
disconnect	O
''	O
between	O
union	B-KEY
bureaucracies	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
rank	O
and	O
file	O
,	O
and	O
unions	O
and	O
the	O
public	O

Centroid	B-KEY
detection	O
based	O
on	O
optical	O
correlation	O
We	O
propose	O
three	O
correlation-based	B-KEY
methods	I-KEY
to	O
simultaneously	O
detect	O
the	O
centroids	B-KEY
of	O
multiple	B-KEY
objects	I-KEY
in	O
an	O
input	B-KEY
scene	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
first	O
method	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
modulus	O
of	O
the	O
moment	O
function	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
method	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
squaring	O
the	O
moment	O
function	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
third	O
method	O
works	O
with	O
a	O
single	B-KEY
intensity	I-KEY
filter	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
methods	O
are	O
invariant	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
position	B-KEY
,	O
orientation	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
scale	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
object	O
and	O
result	O
in	O
good	O
noise-smoothing	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
use	O
spatial	B-KEY
light	I-KEY
modulators	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SLMs	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
directly	O
implement	O
the	O
input	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
and	O
filter	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
these	O
approaches	O
.	O
We	O
present	O
results	O
showing	O
simulations	O
from	O
different	O
approaches	O
and	O
provide	O
comparisons	O
between	O
optical-correlation	O
-	O
and	O
digital-moment-based	B-KEY
methods	I-KEY
.	O
Experimental	O
results	O
corresponding	O
to	O
an	O
optical	B-KEY
correlator	I-KEY
using	O
SLMs	O
for	O
the	O
centroid	B-KEY
detection	O
are	O
also	O
presented	O

Organization	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
:	O
The	O
continuing	O
influence	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
Drawing	O
from	O
an	O
information	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
perspective	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
paper	O
examines	O
how	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
IT	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
catalyst	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
forms	O
of	O
organizational	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
article	O
draws	O
a	O
historical	O
linkage	O
between	O
the	O
relative	O
stability	O
of	O
an	O
organization	O
's	O
task	O
environment	O
starting	O
after	O
the	O
Second	O
World	O
War	O
to	O
the	O
present	O
environmental	B-KEY
instability	I-KEY
that	O
now	O
characterizes	O
many	O
industries	O
.	O
Specifically	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
suggest	O
that	O
advances	O
in	O
IT	O
have	O
enabled	O
managers	O
to	O
adapt	O
existing	O
forms	O
and	O
create	O
new	O
models	O
for	O
organizational	O
design	O
that	O
better	O
fit	O
requirements	O
of	O
an	O
unstable	O
environment	O
.	O
Time	O
has	O
seemingly	O
borne	O
out	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
as	O
the	O
bureaucratic	O
structure	O
evolved	O
to	O
the	O
matrix	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
and	O
now	O
to	O
the	O
emerging	O
shadow	O
structure	O
.	O
IT	O
has	O
gone	O
from	O
a	O
support	O
mechanism	O
to	O
a	O
substitute	O
for	O
organizational	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
shadow	O
structure	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
evolving	O
and	O
expanding	O
role	O
of	O
IT	O
will	O
continue	O
for	O
organizations	O
that	O
face	O
unstable	O
environments	O

Fitting	O
mixed-effects	O
models	O
for	O
repeated	B-KEY
ordinal	I-KEY
outcomes	I-KEY
with	O
the	O
NLMIXED	B-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
repeated	B-KEY
ordinal	I-KEY
outcomes	I-KEY
arising	O
from	O
two	O
psychological	B-KEY
studies	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
first	O
case	O
is	O
a	O
repeated	B-KEY
measures	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
variance	I-KEY
;	O
the	O
second	O
is	O
a	O
mixed-effects	B-KEY
regression	I-KEY
.	O
in	O
a	O
longitudinal	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
both	O
,	O
the	O
subject-specific	O
variation	O
is	O
modeled	O
by	O
including	O
random	B-KEY
effects	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
linear	B-KEY
predictor	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
inside	O
a	O
link	O
function	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
a	O
generalized	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
NLMIXED	B-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
in	O
SAS	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
mixed-effects	O
models	O
for	O
the	O
categorical	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
presentation	O
emphasizes	O
the	O
parallel	O
between	O
the	O
model	O
.	O
specifications	O
and	O
the	O
SAS	O
statements	O
.	O
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
mixed-effects	O
models	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
repeated	B-KEY
ordinal	I-KEY
outcomes	I-KEY

Defining	O
electronic	B-KEY
librarianship	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
content	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
of	O
job	B-KEY
advertisements	I-KEY
Advances	O
in	O
technology	O
create	O
dramatic	O
changes	O
within	O
libraries	O
.	O
The	O
complex	O
issues	O
surrounding	O
this	O
new	O
electronic	O
,	O
end-user	O
environment	O
have	O
major	O
ramifications	O
and	O
require	O
expert	O
knowledge	O
.	O
Electronic	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
librarians	I-KEY
and	O
electronic	B-KEY
resources	I-KEY
librarians	I-KEY
are	O
two	O
specialized	O
titles	O
that	O
have	O
recently	O
emerged	O
within	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
librarianship	O
to	O
fill	O
this	O
niche	O
.	O
Job	B-KEY
advertisements	I-KEY
listed	O
in	O
American	B-KEY
Libraries	I-KEY
from	O
January	O
1989	O
to	O
December	O
1998	O
were	O
examined	O
to	O
identify	O
responsibilities	B-KEY
,	O
qualifications	B-KEY
,	O
organizational	O
and	O
salary	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
relating	O
to	O
the	O
newly	O
emerging	O
role	O
of	O
electronic	O
librarian	O

Data	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
in	O
location-dependent	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
services	I-KEY
Location-dependent	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
services	I-KEY
have	O
great	O
promise	O
for	O
mobile	O
and	O
pervasive	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
environments	O
.	O
They	O
can	O
provide	O
local	O
and	O
nonlocal	O
news	B-KEY
,	O
weather	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
traffic	B-KEY
reports	I-KEY
as	O
well	O
as	O
directory	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
.	O
Before	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
scale	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
several	O
research	O
issues	O
must	O
be	O
addressed	O

Improving	O
the	O
predicting	O
power	O
of	O
partial	O
order	O
based	O
QSARs	O
through	O
linear	B-KEY
extensions	I-KEY
Partial	B-KEY
order	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
POT	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
and	O
operationally	O
simple	O
method	O
that	O
allows	O
ordering	O
of	O
compounds	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
selected	O
structural	O
and/or	O
electronic	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
modeled	B-KEY
order	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
or	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
end	B-KEY
points	I-KEY
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
solubility	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
experimental	O
order	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
If	O
the	O
modeled	B-KEY
order	I-KEY
resembles	O
the	O
experimental	O
order	O
,	O
compounds	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
experimentally	O
investigated	O
can	O
be	O
assigned	O
a	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
that	O
eventually	O
might	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
prediction	O
of	O
an	O
end-point	O
value	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
POT	O
in	O
quantitative	B-KEY
structure-activity	I-KEY
relationship	I-KEY
modeling	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
compounds	O
directly	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
noninvestigated	O
compounds	O
are	O
applied	O
.	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
possibilities	O
of	O
improving	O
the	O
methodology	O
,	O
the	O
theory	O
is	O
extended	O
by	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
so-called	O
linear	B-KEY
extensions	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
model	B-KEY
order	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
study	O
show	O
that	O
partial	O
ordering	O
combined	O
with	O
linear	B-KEY
extensions	I-KEY
appears	O
as	O
a	O
promising	O
tool	O
providing	O
probability	O
distribution	O
curves	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
possible	O
end-point	O
values	O
for	O
compounds	O
not	O
being	O
experimentally	O
investigated	O

A	O
comparison	O
of	O
computational	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
constancy	I-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
.	O
I	O
:	O
Methodology	O
and	O
experiments	O
with	O
synthesized	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
We	O
introduce	O
a	O
context	O
for	O
testing	O
computational	O
color	O
constancy	O
,	O
specify	O
our	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
algorithms	O
,	O
and	O
report	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
three	O
experiments	O
using	O
synthesized	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
.	O
Experiments	O
using	O
synthesized	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
are	O
important	O
because	O
the	O
ground	O
truth	O
is	O
known	O
,	O
possible	O
confounds	O
due	O
to	O
camera	O
characterization	O
and	O
pre-processing	O
are	O
absent	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
factors	O
affecting	O
color	O
constancy	O
can	O
be	O
efficiently	O
investigated	O
because	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
manipulated	O
individually	O
and	O
precisely	O
.	O
The	O
algorithms	O
chosen	O
for	O
close	O
study	O
include	O
two	O
gray	B-KEY
world	I-KEY
methods	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
limiting	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Retinex	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
variants	O
of	O
Forsyth	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1990	O
-RRB-	O
gamut-mapping	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
Cardei	O
et	O
al.	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
neural	B-KEY
net	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
Finlayson	O
et	O
al.	O
's	O
color	B-KEY
by	I-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Finlayson	O
et	O
al.	O
1997	O
,	O
2001	O
;	O
Hubel	O
and	O
Finlayson	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
We	O
investigate	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
these	O
algorithms	O
to	O
make	O
estimates	O
of	O
three	O
different	O
color	O
constancy	O
quantities	O
:	O
the	O
chromaticity	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
scene	B-KEY
illuminant	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
overall	O
magnitude	O
of	O
that	O
illuminant	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
corrected	O
,	O
illumination	O
invariant	O
,	O
image	O
.	O
We	O
consider	O
algorithm	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
as	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
surfaces	O
in	O
scenes	O
generated	O
from	O
reflectance	B-KEY
spectra	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
relative	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
algorithms	O
of	O
added	O
specularities	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
subsequent	O
clipping	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
All	O
data	O
is	O
available	O
on-line	O
at	O
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/data	O
,	O
and	O
implementations	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
algorithms	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
-LRB-	O
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/code	O
-RRB-	O

A	O
design	B-KEY
to	I-KEY
cost	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
for	O
innovative	B-KEY
product	I-KEY
development	I-KEY
Presents	O
a	O
prototype	O
object-oriented	O
and	O
rule-based	O
system	O
for	O
product	B-KEY
cost	I-KEY
modelling	I-KEY
and	O
design	B-KEY
for	I-KEY
automation	I-KEY
at	O
an	O
early	O
design	O
stage	O
.	O
The	O
developed	O
system	O
comprises	O
a	O
computer	O
aided	O
design	O
-LRB-	O
CAD	O
-RRB-	O
solid	O
modelling	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
material	B-KEY
selection	I-KEY
module	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
knowledge-based	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
KBS	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
process	B-KEY
optimization	I-KEY
module	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
design	B-KEY
for	I-KEY
assembly	I-KEY
module	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
cost	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
module	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
user	B-KEY
interface	I-KEY
.	O
Two	O
manufacturing	O
processes	O
,	O
namely	O
machining	B-KEY
and	O
injection	B-KEY
moulding	I-KEY
processes	O
,	O
were	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
developed	O
system	O
.	O
The	O
main	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
besides	O
estimating	O
the	O
product	O
cost	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
generate	O
initial	O
process	B-KEY
planning	I-KEY
,	O
including	O
the	O
generation	O
and	O
selection	O
of	O
machining	B-KEY
processes	O
,	O
their	O
sequence	O
and	O
their	O
machining	B-KEY
parameters	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
recommend	O
the	O
most	O
economical	O
assembly	O
technique	O
for	O
a	O
product	O
and	O
provide	O
design	O
improvement	O
suggestions	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
design	O
feasibility	O
technique	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
feature-by-feature	B-KEY
cost	I-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
report	I-KEY
is	O
generated	O
using	O
the	O
proposed	O
system	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
high	O
manufacturing	O
cost	O
.	O
Two	O
case	O
studies	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
developed	O
system	O

Self-organizing	B-KEY
feature	I-KEY
maps	I-KEY
predicting	O
sea	O
levels	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
predicting	O
sea	O
levels	O
employing	O
self-organizing	B-KEY
feature	I-KEY
maps	I-KEY
is	O
introduced	O
.	O
For	O
that	O
purpose	O
the	O
maps	O
are	O
transformed	O
from	O
an	O
unsupervised	O
learning	O
procedure	O
to	O
a	O
supervised	O
one	O
.	O
Two	O
concepts	O
,	O
originally	O
developed	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
convergence	O
of	O
other	O
network	O
types	O
,	O
are	O
proposed	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
Kohonen	B-KEY
networks	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
functional	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
neurons	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
learning	O
examples	O
and	O
a	O
criterion	O
to	O
break	O
off	O
learning	O
.	O
The	O
latter	O
one	O
can	O
be	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
conform	O
with	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
self-organization	O
by	O
using	O
U-matrices	B-KEY
for	O
visualization	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
learning	O
procedure	O
.	O
The	O
predictions	O
made	O
using	O
these	O
neural	O
models	O
are	O
compared	O
for	O
accuracy	O
with	O
observations	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
prognoses	O
prepared	O
using	O
six	O
models	O
:	O
two	O
hydrodynamic	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
statistical	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
nearest	B-KEY
neighbor	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
persistence	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
verbal	B-KEY
forecasts	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
broadcast	O
and	O
kept	O
on	O
record	O
by	O
the	O
Sea	B-KEY
Level	I-KEY
Forecast	I-KEY
Service	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
Federal	B-KEY
Maritime	I-KEY
and	I-KEY
Hydrography	I-KEY
Agency	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
BSH	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
Hamburg	O
.	O
Before	O
training	O
the	O
maps	O
,	O
the	O
meteorological	O
and	O
oceanographic	B-KEY
situation	I-KEY
has	O
to	O
be	O
condensed	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
weight	O
and	O
learning	B-KEY
vectors	I-KEY
have	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
as	O
small	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O
The	O
self-organizing	B-KEY
feature	I-KEY
maps	I-KEY
predict	O
sea	O
levels	O
better	O
than	O
all	O
six	O
models	O
of	O
comparison	O

How	O
to	O
avoid	O
merger	B-KEY
pitfalls	O
Paul	O
Diamond	O
of	O
consultancy	B-KEY
KPMG	B-KEY
explains	O
why	O
careful	O
IT	B-KEY
asset	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
mergers	B-KEY

The	O
ultimate	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
group	I-KEY
Empirical	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
firms	O
requires	O
that	O
firms	O
be	O
classified	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
their	O
control	O
structures	O
.	O
This	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
can	O
potentially	O
be	O
made	O
operational	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
ultimate	O
controller	O
of	O
a	O
hierarchical	B-KEY
organization	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
literature	O
has	O
largely	O
focused	O
on	O
this	O
case	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
many	O
organizational	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
mix	O
hierarchy	O
with	O
collective	O
choice	O
procedures	O
such	O
as	O
voting	O
,	O
or	O
use	O
circular	O
structures	O
under	O
which	O
superiors	O
are	O
accountable	O
to	O
their	O
subordinates	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
develops	O
some	O
analytic	O
machinery	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
map	O
the	O
authority	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
of	O
such	O
organizations	O
,	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
under	O
mild	O
restrictions	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
well-defined	O
ultimate	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
group	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
results	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
intuitions	O
about	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
control	O
in	O
familiar	O
economic	O
settings	O

Strain	B-KEY
contouring	I-KEY
using	O
Gabor	B-KEY
filters	I-KEY
:	O
principle	O
and	O
algorithm	B-KEY
Moire	B-KEY
interferometry	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
powerful	O
technique	O
for	O
high	B-KEY
sensitivity	I-KEY
in-plane	I-KEY
deformation	I-KEY
contouring	I-KEY
.	O
However	O
,	O
from	O
an	O
engineering	O
viewpoint	O
,	O
the	O
derivatives	O
of	O
displacement	B-KEY
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
strain	O
,	O
are	O
the	O
desired	O
parameter	O
.	O
Thus	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
differentiate	B-KEY
the	O
displacement	B-KEY
field	O
.	O
Optical	O
and	O
digital	B-KEY
methods	I-KEY
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
for	O
this	O
differentiation	B-KEY
.	O
Optical	B-KEY
methods	I-KEY
provide	O
contours	O
that	O
still	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
quantified	O
,	O
while	O
digital	B-KEY
methods	I-KEY
suffer	O
from	O
drawbacks	O
inherent	O
in	O
the	O
digital	O
differentiation	B-KEY
process	O
.	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
novel	O
approach	O
of	O
strain	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
moire	O
pattern	O
using	O
a	O
multichannel	B-KEY
Gabor	I-KEY
filter	I-KEY
.	O
Appropriate	O
filter	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
allows	O
for	O
user-specific	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
essentially	O
in	O
engineering	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
and	O
analysis	O

Shaping	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
BendWizard	O
:	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
off-line	O
programming	O
of	O
robotic	B-KEY
tending	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
Setting	O
up	O
a	O
robot	O
to	O
make	O
metal	B-KEY
cabinets	I-KEY
or	O
cases	O
for	O
desktop	O
computers	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
complex	O
operation	O
.	O
For	O
instance	O
,	O
one	O
expert	O
might	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
feasibility	B-KEY
study	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
then	O
another	O
to	O
actually	O
program	O
the	O
robot	O
.	O
Understandably	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
so	O
much	O
expertise	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
's	O
required	O
,	O
generally	O
limits	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
automation	O
to	O
high-volume	B-KEY
production	I-KEY
.	O
Workshops	B-KEY
producing	O
parts	O
in	O
batches	O
smaller	O
than	O
50	O
or	O
so	O
,	O
or	O
which	O
rely	O
heavily	O
on	O
semiskilled	O
operators	O
,	O
are	O
therefore	O
often	O
discouraged	O
from	O
investing	O
in	O
automation	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
miss	O
out	O
on	O
its	O
many	O
advantages	O
.	O
What	O
is	O
needed	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
tool	O
that	O
operators	O
without	O
special	O
knowledge	O
of	O
robotics	O
,	O
or	O
with	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
rudimentary	O
CAD	B-KEY
skills	I-KEY
,	O
can	O
use	O
.	O
One	O
which	O
allows	O
easy	O
offline	O
programming	O
and	O
simulation	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
cell	O
on	O
a	O
PC	O

Dynamical	B-KEY
transition	I-KEY
to	O
periodic	B-KEY
motions	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
recurrent	B-KEY
bus	I-KEY
induced	O
by	O
nonstops	B-KEY
We	O
study	O
the	O
dynamical	O
behavior	O
of	O
a	O
recurrent	B-KEY
bus	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
circular	B-KEY
route	I-KEY
with	O
many	O
bus	O
stops	O
when	O
the	O
recurrent	B-KEY
bus	I-KEY
passes	O
some	O
bus	O
stops	O
without	O
stopping	O
.	O
The	O
recurrent	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
one	O
period	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
described	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
a	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
map	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
recurrent	B-KEY
bus	I-KEY
exhibits	O
the	O
complex	B-KEY
periodic	I-KEY
behaviors	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
dynamical	B-KEY
transitions	I-KEY
to	O
periodic	B-KEY
motions	I-KEY
occur	O
by	O
increasing	O
nonstops	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
periodic	B-KEY
motions	I-KEY
depend	O
on	O
the	O
property	O
of	O
an	O
attractor	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
map	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
period	O
n	O
of	O
the	O
attractor	B-KEY
varies	O
sensitively	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
nonstops	B-KEY

Building	O
a	O
better	O
game	O
through	O
dynamic	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
Flip	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
Flip	O
is	O
a	O
solitaire	B-KEY
board	I-KEY
game	I-KEY
produced	O
by	O
craft	B-KEY
woodworkers	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
analyze	O
Flip	O
and	O
suggest	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
rules	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
game	O
more	O
marketable	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
being	O
an	O
interesting	O
application	O
of	O
dynamic	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
case	O
shows	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
operations	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
in	O
managerial	B-KEY
decision	I-KEY
making	I-KEY

A	O
self-adjusting	B-KEY
quality	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
service	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
We	O
propose	O
and	O
analyze	O
a	O
self-adjusting	O
Quality	O
of	O
Service	O
-LRB-	O
QoS	O
-RRB-	O
control	O
scheme	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
optimizing	O
the	O
system	O
reward	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
servicing	O
different	O
priority	B-KEY
clients	I-KEY
with	O
varying	O
workload	O
,	O
QoS	O
and	O
reward/penalty	O
requirements	O
.	O
Our	O
scheme	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
resource	B-KEY
partitioning	I-KEY
and	O
designated	O
``	O
degrade	O
QoS	O
areas	O
''	O
such	O
that	O
system	O
resources	O
are	O
partitioned	O
into	O
priority	O
areas	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
reserved	O
specifically	O
to	O
serve	O
only	O
clients	O
in	O
a	O
corresponding	O
class	O
with	O
no	O
QoS	O
degradation	O
,	O
plus	O
one	O
``	O
degraded	O
QoS	O
area	O
''	O
into	O
which	O
all	O
clients	O
can	O
be	O
admitted	O
with	O
QoS	O
adjustment	O
being	O
applied	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
lowest	O
priority	B-KEY
clients	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
best	O
partition	O
is	O
dictated	O
by	O
the	O
workload	O
and	O
the	O
reward/penalty	O
characteristics	O
of	O
clients	O
in	O
difference	O
priority	O
classes	O
.	O
The	O
analysis	O
results	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
QoS	O
manager	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
system	O
total	O
reward	O
dynamically	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
changing	O
workloads	O
at	O
run	O
time	O
.	O
We	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
our	O
scheme	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
simulation	B-KEY
and	O
comparing	O
the	O
proposed	O
QoS	O
self-adjusting	O
scheme	O
with	O
those	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
resource	B-KEY
partitioning	I-KEY
or	O
designated	O
degraded	O
QoS	O
areas	O

Optimization	B-KEY
of	O
planning	O
an	O
advertising	O
campaign	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
services	O
A	O
generalization	O
of	O
the	O
mathematical	O
model	O
and	O
operations	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
problems	O
formulated	O
on	O
its	O
basis	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
presented	O
by	O
Belenky	O
-LRB-	O
2001	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
an	O
approach	O
to	O
planning	O
an	O
advertising	O
campaign	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
services	O
,	O
is	O
considered	O
,	O
and	O
corresponding	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
problems	O
with	O
linear	O
constraints	O
are	O
formulated	O

New	O
lower	B-KEY
bounds	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
error-correcting	B-KEY
codes	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
Z-channel	B-KEY
Optimization	B-KEY
problems	I-KEY
on	O
graphs	B-KEY
are	O
formulated	O
to	O
obtain	O
new	O
lower	B-KEY
bounds	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
error-correcting	B-KEY
codes	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
Z-channel	B-KEY

Teaching	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
with	O
spreadsheets	B-KEY
:	O
From	O
decision	O
models	O
to	O
decision	O
support	O
The	O
1990s	O
were	O
a	O
decade	O
of	O
enormous	O
change	O
for	O
management	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MS	O
-RRB-	O
educators	O
.	O
While	O
the	O
outlook	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
decade	O
was	O
somewhat	O
bleak	O
,	O
the	O
renaissance	O
in	O
MS	B-KEY
education	I-KEY
brought	O
about	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
spreadsheets	B-KEY
as	O
the	O
primary	O
delivery	O
vehicle	O
for	O
quantitative	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
techniques	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
much	O
brighter	O
future	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
takes	O
inventory	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
MS	B-KEY
education	I-KEY
and	O
suggests	O
some	O
promising	O
new	O
directions	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
decision	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
for	O
MS	B-KEY
educators	I-KEY
to	O
consider	O
for	O
the	O
future	O

Optimization	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
computational	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
in	O
scalable	B-KEY
resources	I-KEY
The	O
scalableness	O
of	O
resources	O
is	O
taken	O
to	O
mean	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
the	O
prior	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
obtained	O
dynamic	B-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
of	O
computational	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
certain	O
basic	O
set	O
of	O
processors	O
and	O
the	O
communication	B-KEY
medium	I-KEY
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
software	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
method	O
is	O
put	O
forward	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
optimal	O
strategies-a	O
set	O
of	O
the	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
fulfillment	O
of	O
programs	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
vector	B-KEY
criterion	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
method	O
is	O
urgent	O
for	O
the	O
effective	O
use	O
of	O
resources	O
of	O
computational	B-KEY
clusters	I-KEY
and	O
metacomputational	B-KEY
media	I-KEY
and	O
also	O
for	O
dynamic	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
of	O
processes	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
static	B-KEY
scaling	I-KEY

New	O
paradigms	O
for	O
interactive	B-KEY
3D	I-KEY
volume	I-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
We	O
present	O
a	O
new	O
virtual	O
reality-based	O
interaction	B-KEY
metaphor	I-KEY
for	O
semi-automatic	O
segmentation	O
of	O
medical	O
3D	O
volume	O
data	O
.	O
The	O
mouse-based	O
,	O
manual	O
initialization	O
of	O
deformable	B-KEY
surfaces	I-KEY
in	O
3D	O
represents	O
a	O
major	O
bottleneck	O
in	O
interactive	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
our	O
multi-modal	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
we	O
enhance	O
this	O
process	O
with	O
additional	O
sensory	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
3D	B-KEY
haptic	I-KEY
device	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
to	O
extract	O
the	O
centreline	O
of	O
a	O
tubular	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
.	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
obtained	O
path	O
a	O
cylinder	O
with	O
varying	O
diameter	O
is	O
generated	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
initial	O
guess	O
for	O
a	O
deformable	B-KEY
surface	I-KEY

On-line	O
Homework/Quiz/Exam	O
applet	O
:	O
freely	B-KEY
available	I-KEY
Java	I-KEY
software	I-KEY
for	O
evaluating	O
performance	O
on	O
line	O
The	O
Homework/Quiz/Exam	O
applet	O
is	O
a	O
freely	O
available	O
Java	O
program	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
student	O
performance	O
on	O
line	O
for	O
any	O
content	O
authored	O
by	O
a	O
teacher	O
.	O
It	O
has	O
database	B-KEY
connectivity	I-KEY
so	O
that	O
student	O
scores	O
are	O
automatically	O
recorded	O
.	O
It	O
allows	O
several	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
questions	O
.	O
Each	O
question	O
can	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
images	B-KEY
and	O
detailed	B-KEY
story	I-KEY
problems	I-KEY
.	O
Three	O
levels	O
of	O
feedback	B-KEY
are	O
provided	O
to	O
student	O
responses	O
.	O
It	O
allows	O
teachers	O
to	O
randomize	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
questions	O
and	O
to	O
randomize	O
which	O
of	O
several	O
options	O
is	O
the	O
correct	O
answer	O
in	O
multiple-choice	B-KEY
questions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
creation	O
and	O
editing	O
of	O
questions	O
involves	O
menu	B-KEY
selections	I-KEY
,	O
button	B-KEY
presses	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
typing	O
of	O
content	O
;	O
no	O
programming	O
knowledge	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
The	O
code	O
is	O
open	O
source	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
encourage	O
modifications	O
that	O
will	O
meet	O
individual	B-KEY
pedagogical	I-KEY
needs	I-KEY

System	B-KEY
embedding	I-KEY
.	O
Control	O
with	O
reduced	O
observer	O
Two	O
interrelated	O
problems-design	O
of	O
the	O
reduced	O
observer	O
of	O
plant	O
state	O
separately	O
and	O
together	O
with	O
its	O
control	O
system-were	O
considered	O
from	O
the	O
standpoint	O
of	O
designing	O
the	O
multivariable	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
from	O
the	O
desired	O
matrix	B-KEY
transfer	I-KEY
functions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
matrix	O
equations	O
defining	O
the	O
entire	O
constructive	O
class	O
of	O
solutions	O
of	O
the	O
posed	O
problems	O
were	O
obtained	O
using	O
the	O
system	B-KEY
embedding	I-KEY
technology	O
.	O
As	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
control	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
reduced	O
observer	O
is	O
capable	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
desired	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
input	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
nonzero	O
initial	O
conditions	O
,	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
directly	O
measurable	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
state	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
illustrative	O
example	O
was	O
presented	O

A	O
method	O
of	O
determining	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
best	B-KEY
solutions	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
optimization	B-KEY
on	O
finite	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
network	B-KEY
reconstruction	I-KEY
A	O
method	O
of	O
determining	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
best	B-KEY
solutions	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
optimization	B-KEY
on	O
finite	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
was	O
proposed	O
.	O
Its	O
complexity	B-KEY
was	O
estimated	O
by	O
a	O
polynomial	O
of	O
the	O
dimension	O
of	O
problem	O
input	O
,	O
given	O
number	O
of	O
sequence	O
terms	O
,	O
and	O
complexity	B-KEY
of	O
completing	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
extremal	O
problem	O
.	O
The	O
technique	O
developed	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
typical	O
problem	O
of	O
network	B-KEY
reconstruction	I-KEY
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
increasing	O
its	O
throughput	O
under	O
restricted	O
reconstruction	O
costs	O

Automated	B-KEY
breath	I-KEY
detection	I-KEY
on	O
long-duration	B-KEY
signals	I-KEY
using	O
feedforward	B-KEY
backpropagation	I-KEY
artificial	I-KEY
neural	I-KEY
networks	I-KEY
A	O
new	O
breath-detection	O
algorithm	O
is	O
presented	O
,	O
intended	O
to	O
automate	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
data	O
acquired	O
during	O
sleep	O
.	O
The	O
algorithm	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
two	O
independent	O
artificial	O
neural	O
networks	O
-LRB-	O
ANN/sub	O
insp	O
/	O
and	O
ANN/sub	O
expi	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
recognize	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
signal	O
,	O
windows	O
of	O
interest	O
where	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
inspiration	B-KEY
and	O
expiration	B-KEY
occurs	O
.	O
Postprocessing	B-KEY
consists	O
in	O
finding	O
inside	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
windows	O
of	O
interest	O
minimum	O
and	O
maximum	O
corresponding	O
to	O
each	O
inspiration	B-KEY
and	O
expiration	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
ANN/sub	O
insp	O
/	O
and	O
ANN/sub	O
expi	O
/	O
correctly	O
determine	O
respectively	O
98.0	O
%	O
and	O
98.7	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
desired	O
windows	O
,	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
29	O
820	O
inspirations	B-KEY
and	O
29	O
819	O
expirations	B-KEY
detected	O
by	O
a	O
human	B-KEY
expert	I-KEY
,	O
obtained	O
from	O
three	O
entire-night	B-KEY
recordings	I-KEY
.	O
Postprocessing	B-KEY
allowed	O
determination	O
of	O
inspiration	B-KEY
and	O
expiration	B-KEY
onsets	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
difference	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
human	B-KEY
expert	I-KEY
of	O
-LRB-	O
mean	O
+	O
or	O
-	O
SD	O
-RRB-	O
34	O
+	O
or	O
-	O
71	O
ms	O
for	O
inspiration	B-KEY
and	O
5	O
+	O
or	O
-	O
46	O
ms	O
for	O
expiration	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
method	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
detecting	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
inspiration	B-KEY
and	O
expiration	B-KEY
in	O
full	O
night	O
continuous	O
recordings	O
.	O
A	O
comparison	O
of	O
five	O
human	B-KEY
experts	I-KEY
performing	O
the	O
same	O
classification	O
task	O
yielded	O
that	O
the	O
automated	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
was	O
undifferentiable	O
from	O
these	O
human	B-KEY
experts	I-KEY
,	O
failing	O
within	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
human	B-KEY
expert	I-KEY
results	O
.	O
Besides	O
being	O
applicable	O
to	O
adult	B-KEY
respiratory	I-KEY
volume	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
presented	O
algorithm	O
was	O
also	O
successfully	O
applied	O
to	O
infant	B-KEY
sleep	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
uncalibrated	B-KEY
rib	I-KEY
cage	I-KEY
and	O
abdominal	B-KEY
movement	I-KEY
recordings	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
comparison	O
with	O
two	O
previously	O
published	O
algorithms	O
for	O
breath	O
detection	O
in	O
respiratory	O
volume	O
signal	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
presented	O
algorithm	O
has	O
a	O
higher	O
specificity	O
,	O
while	O
presenting	O
similar	O
or	O
higher	O
positive	O
predictive	O
values	O

Streaming	B-KEY
,	O
disruptive	B-KEY
interference	I-KEY
and	O
power-law	B-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
exit	B-KEY
dynamics	I-KEY
of	O
confined	B-KEY
pedestrians	I-KEY
We	O
analyze	O
the	O
exit	B-KEY
dynamics	I-KEY
of	O
pedestrians	O
who	O
are	O
initially	O
confined	O
in	O
a	O
room	O
.	O
Pedestrians	O
are	O
modeled	O
as	O
cellular	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
and	O
compete	O
to	O
escape	O
via	O
a	O
known	O
exit	O
at	O
the	O
soonest	O
possible	O
time	O
.	O
A	O
pedestrian	O
could	O
move	O
forward	O
,	O
backward	O
,	O
left	O
or	O
right	O
within	O
each	O
iteration	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
depending	O
on	O
adjacent	B-KEY
cell	I-KEY
vacancy	I-KEY
and	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
simple	O
rules	O
that	O
determine	O
the	O
compulsion	O
to	O
move	O
and	O
physical	O
capability	O
relative	O
to	O
his	O
neighbors	O
.	O
The	O
arching	B-KEY
signatures	I-KEY
of	O
jamming	B-KEY
were	O
observed	O
and	O
the	O
pedestrians	O
exited	O
in	O
bursts	O
of	O
various	O
sizes	O
.	O
Power-law	B-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
is	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
burst-size	B-KEY
frequency	I-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
for	O
exit	O
widths	O
w	O
greater	O
than	O
one	O
cell	O
dimension	O
-LRB-	O
w	O
>	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
slope	O
of	O
the	O
power-law	O
curve	O
varies	O
with	O
w	O
from	O
-1.3092	O
-LRB-	O
w	O
=	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
-1.0720	O
-LRB-	O
w	O
=	O
20	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Streaming	B-KEY
which	O
is	O
a	O
diffusive	O
behavior	O
,	O
arises	O
in	O
large	O
burst	O
sizes	O
and	O
is	O
more	O
likely	O
in	O
a	O
single-exit	O
room	O
with	O
w	O
=	O
1	O
and	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
counterintuitive	O
result	O
wherein	O
an	O
average	O
exit	O
throughput	O
Q	O
is	O
obtained	O
that	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
with	O
w	O
=	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
or	O
4	O
.	O
For	O
a	O
two-exit	O
room	O
-LRB-	O
w	O
=	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Q	O
is	O
not	O
greater	O
than	O
twice	O
the	O
yield	O
of	O
a	O
single-exit	O
room	O
.	O
If	O
the	O
doors	O
are	O
not	O
separated	O
far	O
enough	O
-LRB-	O
<	O
4w	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Q	O
becomes	O
even	O
significantly	O
less	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
collective	B-KEY
slow-down	I-KEY
that	O
emerges	O
among	O
pedestrians	O
crossing	O
in	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
path	O
-LRB-	O
disruptive	B-KEY
interference	I-KEY
effect	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
For	O
the	O
same	O
w	O
and	O
door	O
number	O
,	O
Q	O
is	O
also	O
higher	O
with	O
relaxed	O
pedestrians	O
than	O
with	O
anxious	O
ones	O

Windows	B-KEY
XP	I-KEY
fast	I-KEY
user	I-KEY
switching	I-KEY
The	O
Windows	O
NT	O
family	O
of	O
operating	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
has	O
always	O
supported	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
multiple	B-KEY
user	I-KEY
accounts	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
they	O
've	O
taken	O
the	O
concept	O
a	O
step	O
further	O
with	O
Windows	O
XP	O
's	O
Fast	O
User	O
Switching	O
feature	O
.	O
Fast	O
User	O
Switching	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
feature	O
of	O
Windows	O
XP	O
that	O
allows	O
multiple	O
users	O
to	O
log	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
machine	O
and	O
quickly	O
switch	O
between	O
the	O
logged	O
on	O
accounts	O
.	O
Fast	O
User	O
Switching	O
is	O
implemented	O
using	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
built-in	O
capabilities	O
of	O
Terminal	B-KEY
Services	I-KEY
.	O
Terminal	B-KEY
Server	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
around	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
but	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
feature	O
rich	O
and	O
integrated	O
in	O
Windows	O
XP	O
.	O
A	O
machine	O
with	O
the	O
terminal	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Remote	B-KEY
Desktop	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
client	O
can	O
log	O
on	O
to	O
and	O
run	O
applications	O
on	O
a	O
remote	O
machine	O
running	O
the	O
terminal	B-KEY
server	I-KEY

Personality	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
:	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
Web-based	O
and	O
traditional	O
instruments	O
in	O
take-home	O
and	O
in-class	O
settings	O
Students	O
,	O
faculty	O
,	O
and	O
researchers	O
have	O
become	O
increasingly	O
comfortable	O
with	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
using	O
the	O
Web	O
to	O
collect	O
data	O
.	O
Few	O
published	O
studies	O
have	O
investigated	O
the	O
differences	O
between	O
Web-based	O
data	O
and	O
data	B-KEY
collected	I-KEY
with	O
more	O
traditional	O
methods	O
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
investigate	O
these	O
potential	O
differences	O
,	O
two	O
important	O
factors	O
were	O
crossed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
:	O
whether	O
the	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
on	O
line	O
or	O
not	O
and	O
whether	O
the	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
a	O
group	O
setting	O
at	O
a	O
fixed	O
time	O
or	O
individually	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
respondent	O
's	O
choosing	O
.	O
The	O
Visions	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Morality	I-KEY
scale	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Shelton	O
and	O
McAdams	O
,	O
1990	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
participants	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
four	O
conditions	O
:	O
in-class	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
survey	I-KEY
,	O
in-class	B-KEY
paper-and-pencil	I-KEY
survey	I-KEY
;	O
take-home	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
survey	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
take-home	B-KEY
paper-and-pencil	I-KEY
survey	I-KEY
.	O
No	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
scores	O
were	O
found	O
for	O
any	O
condition	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
response	B-KEY
rates	I-KEY
were	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
survey	O
administered	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
take-home	O
Web-based	B-KEY
instrument	I-KEY
having	O
the	O
lowest	O
response	B-KEY
rate	I-KEY
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
researchers	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
that	O
different	O
modes	O
of	O
administration	B-KEY
may	O
affect	O
subject	B-KEY
attrition	I-KEY
and	O
may	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
confound	O
investigations	O
of	O
other	O
independent	O
variables	O

Recommendations	O
for	O
implementing	O
Internet	B-KEY
inquiry	I-KEY
projects	I-KEY
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
presented	O
was	O
to	O
provide	O
recommendations	O
to	O
teachers	B-KEY
who	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
implementing	O
Internet	B-KEY
inquiry	I-KEY
projects	I-KEY
.	O
Four	O
classes	O
of	O
ninth	O
-	O
and	O
tenth-grade	O
honors	B-KEY
students	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
N	O
=	O
100	O
-RRB-	O
participated	O
in	O
an	O
Internet	B-KEY
inquiry	I-KEY
project	I-KEY
in	O
which	O
they	O
were	O
presented	O
with	O
an	O
ecology	B-KEY
question	I-KEY
that	O
required	O
them	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
decision	O
based	O
on	O
information	O
that	O
they	O
gathered	O
,	O
analyzed	O
,	O
and	O
synthesized	O
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
their	O
textbook	O
.	O
Students	O
then	O
composed	O
papers	O
with	O
a	O
rationale	O
for	O
their	O
decision	O
.	O
Students	O
in	O
one	O
group	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
pre-selected	B-KEY
relevant	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
sites	I-KEY
,	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
provided	O
with	O
less	O
online	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
.	O
Students	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
group	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
only	O
pre-selected	B-KEY
relevant	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
sites	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
were	O
provided	O
with	O
more	O
online	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
.	O
Two	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
recommendations	O
were	O
:	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
provide	O
students	O
with	O
more	O
online	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
;	O
and	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
provide	O
students	O
with	O
pre-selected	B-KEY
relevant	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
sites	I-KEY
and	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
search	O
the	O
Internet	O
for	O
information	O

On	O
the	O
Beth	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
some	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
modal	I-KEY
logics	I-KEY
Let	O
L	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
modal	I-KEY
logics	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
in	O
the	O
classical	O
modal	O
case	O
,	O
we	O
define	O
two	O
different	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
Beth	B-KEY
property	I-KEY
for	O
L	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
denoted	O
by	O
B1	O
and	O
B2	O
;	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
study	O
the	O
relation	O
among	O
B1	O
,	O
B2	O
and	O
the	O
interpolation	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
C1	O
and	O
C2	O
.	O
It	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
C1	O
implies	O
B1	O
,	O
but	O
contrary	O
to	O
the	O
boolean	O
case	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
equivalent	O
to	O
B1	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
B2	O
and	O
C2	O
are	O
independent	O
,	O
and	O
moreover	O
it	O
comes	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
classical	O
case	O
,	O
there	O
exists	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
intuitionistic	B-KEY
modal	I-KEY
logic	I-KEY
of	O
S/sub	O
4	O
/	O
-	O
type	O
,	O
that	O
has	O
not	O
the	O
property	O
B2	O
.	O
Finally	O
we	O
give	O
two	O
algebraic	O
properties	O
,	O
that	O
characterize	O
respectively	O
B1	O
and	O
B2	O

Binocular	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
figure-ground	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
in	O
translucent	O
and	O
occluding	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
A	O
Fourier-based	B-KEY
solution	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
figure-ground	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
in	O
short	O
baseline	O
binocular	O
image	B-KEY
pairs	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O
Each	O
image	B-KEY
is	O
modeled	O
as	O
an	O
additive	O
composite	O
of	O
two	O
component	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
that	O
exhibit	O
a	O
spatial	O
shift	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
binocular	O
parallax	O
.	O
The	O
segmentation	O
is	O
accomplished	O
by	O
decoupling	O
each	O
Fourier	O
component	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
resultant	O
additive	O
images	B-KEY
into	O
its	O
two	O
constituent	O
phasors	B-KEY
,	O
allocating	O
each	O
to	O
its	O
appropriate	O
object-specific	B-KEY
spectrum	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
then	O
reconstructing	O
the	O
foreground	B-KEY
and	O
background	B-KEY
using	O
the	O
inverse	B-KEY
Fourier	I-KEY
transform	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
foreground	B-KEY
and	O
background	B-KEY
shifts	O
can	O
be	O
computed	O
from	O
the	O
differences	O
of	O
the	O
magnitudes	O
and	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
Fourier	O
transform	O
of	O
the	O
binocular	O
image	B-KEY
pair	O
.	O
While	O
the	O
model	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
translucent	B-KEY
objects	I-KEY
,	O
it	O
also	O
works	O
with	O
occluding	B-KEY
objects	I-KEY

Nonlinear	B-KEY
extrapolation	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
realization	O
of	O
a	O
scalar	B-KEY
random	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
A	O
method	O
of	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
extrapolation	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
This	O
method	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
any	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
random	I-KEY
dependences	I-KEY
that	O
exist	O
in	O
an	O
investigated	O
process	O
and	O
are	O
described	O
by	O
mixed	B-KEY
central	I-KEY
moment	I-KEY
functions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
method	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
V.	O
S.	O
Pugachev	O
canonical	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
apparatus	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
nonlinear	O
extrapolation	O
is	O
solved	O
for	O
a	O
moment	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
of	O
third	O
order	O

A	O
humanist	O
's	O
legacy	O
in	O
medical	B-KEY
informatics	I-KEY
:	O
visions	O
and	O
accomplishments	O
of	O
Professor	B-KEY
Jean-Raoul	I-KEY
Scherrer	I-KEY
The	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
Prof.	O
Jean-Raoul	O
Scherrer	O
,	O
and	O
show	O
how	O
his	O
humanist	O
vision	O
,	O
medical	O
skills	O
and	O
scientific	O
background	O
have	O
enabled	O
and	O
shaped	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
medical	B-KEY
informatics	I-KEY
over	O
the	O
last	O
30	O
years	O
.	O
Starting	O
with	O
the	O
mainframe-based	O
patient-centred	O
hospital	O
information	O
system	O
DIOGENE	O
in	O
the	O
70s	O
,	O
Prof.	O
Scherrer	O
developed	O
,	O
implemented	O
and	O
evolved	O
innovative	O
concepts	O
of	O
man-machine	B-KEY
interfaces	I-KEY
,	O
distributed	O
and	O
federated	O
environments	O
,	O
leading	O
the	O
way	O
with	O
information	O
systems	O
that	O
obstinately	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
care	O
providers	O
and	O
patients	O
.	O
Through	O
a	O
rigorous	O
design	O
of	O
terminologies	O
and	O
ontologies	O
,	O
the	O
DIOGENE	O
data	O
would	O
then	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
clinical	O
research	O
,	O
data	B-KEY
mining	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
lead	O
to	O
innovative	O
natural	B-KEY
language	I-KEY
processing	I-KEY
techniques	O
.	O
In	O
parallel	O
,	O
Prof.	O
Scherrer	O
supported	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
medical	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
a	O
distributed	O
picture	O
archiving	O
and	O
communication	O
systems	O
-LRB-	O
PACS	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
molecular	O
imaging	O
of	O
protein	O
electrophoreses	O
.	O
Recognizing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
improving	O
the	O
quality	O
and	O
trustworthiness	O
of	O
medical	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
,	O
Prof.	O
Scherrer	O
created	O
the	O
Health-On-the	O
Net	O
-LRB-	O
HON	O
-RRB-	O
foundation	O
.	O
These	O
achievements	O
,	O
made	O
possible	O
thanks	O
to	O
his	O
visionary	O
mind	O
,	O
deep	O
humanism	O
,	O
creativity	O
,	O
generosity	O
and	O
determination	O
,	O
have	O
made	O
of	O
Prof.	O
Scherrer	O
a	O
true	O
pioneer	O
and	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
human-centered	O
,	O
patient-oriented	O
application	O
of	O
information	O
technology	O
for	O
improving	O
healthcare	O

High-density	B-KEY
remote	I-KEY
storage	I-KEY
:	O
the	O
Ohio	B-KEY
State	I-KEY
University	I-KEY
Libraries	I-KEY
depository	O
The	O
article	O
describes	O
a	O
high-density	B-KEY
off-site	I-KEY
book	I-KEY
storage	I-KEY
facility	I-KEY
operated	O
by	O
the	O
Ohio	B-KEY
State	I-KEY
University	I-KEY
Libraries	I-KEY
.	O
Opened	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
house	O
nearly	O
1.5	O
million	O
items	O
in	O
only	O
9000	O
square	O
feet	O
by	O
shelving	B-KEY
books	O
by	O
size	O
on	O
30-foot	O
tall	O
shelving	B-KEY
.	O
A	O
sophisticated	O
climate	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
extends	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
stored	B-KEY
materials	I-KEY
up	O
to	O
12	O
times	O
.	O
An	O
online	B-KEY
catalog	I-KEY
record	I-KEY
for	O
each	O
item	O
informs	O
patrons	B-KEY
that	O
the	O
item	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
a	O
remote	B-KEY
location	I-KEY
.	O
Regular	O
courier	B-KEY
deliveries	I-KEY
from	O
the	O
storage	O
facility	O
bring	O
requested	O
materials	O
to	O
patrons	B-KEY
with	O
minimal	O
delay	O

Adaptive	B-KEY
digital	I-KEY
watermarking	I-KEY
using	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
techniques	I-KEY
Digital	O
watermarking	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
for	O
copyright	B-KEY
protection	I-KEY
in	O
our	O
digital	B-KEY
society	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
propose	O
an	O
adaptive	B-KEY
digital	I-KEY
watermarking	I-KEY
scheme	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
human	B-KEY
visual	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
fuzzy	O
logic	O
approach	O
is	O
employed	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
different	O
strengths	O
and	O
lengths	O
of	O
a	O
watermark	O
by	O
the	O
local	B-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
image	O
in	O
our	O
proposed	O
scheme	O
.	O
In	O
our	O
experiments	O
,	O
this	O
scheme	O
provides	O
a	O
more	O
robust	O
and	O
imperceptible	B-KEY
watermark	I-KEY

Reconfigurable	B-KEY
context-sensitive	I-KEY
middleware	I-KEY
for	O
pervasive	O
computing	O
Context-sensitive	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY
need	O
data	O
from	O
sensors	O
,	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
user	O
actions	O
,	O
and	O
might	O
need	O
ad	O
hoc	O
communication	O
support	O
to	O
dynamically	O
discover	O
new	O
devices	O
and	O
engage	O
in	O
spontaneous	O
information	O
exchange	O
.	O
Reconfigurable	B-KEY
Context-Sensitive	I-KEY
Middleware	I-KEY
facilitates	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
runtime	O
operations	O
of	O
context-sensitive	O
pervasive	O
computing	O
software	O

Nissan	O
v.	O
Nissan	O
-LSB-	O
trademark	B-KEY
dispute	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
Is	O
a	O
trademark	B-KEY
dispute	I-KEY
a	O
case	O
of	O
David	O
v.	O
Goliath	O
or	O
a	O
corporation	O
fending	O
off	O
a	O
greedy	O
opportunist	O
?	O
This	O
paper	O
discusses	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Uzi	B-KEY
Nissan	I-KEY
,	O
who	O
is	O
locked	O
in	O
a	O
multimillion-dollar	O
legal	O
battle	O
over	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
his	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
nissan.com	B-KEY
Internet	I-KEY
domain	I-KEY
name	I-KEY
infringes	O
upon	O
Japan	O
's	O
Nissan	O
Motor	O
Co.	O
's	O
trademark	O
.	O
At	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
global	B-KEY
Internet	I-KEY
on	O
trademark	B-KEY
law	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
traditionally	O
has	O
been	O
strongly	O
influenced	O
by	O
geographic	O
considerations	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
discusses	O
the	O
background	O
to	O
the	O
case	O
from	O
both	O
sides	O
and	O
the	O
issues	O
involved	O

Control	O
in	O
active	O
systems	O
based	O
on	O
criteria	O
and	O
motivation	O
For	O
active	O
systems	O
where	O
the	O
principal	O
varies	O
the	O
agents	O
'	O
goal	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
by	O
adding	O
to	O
them	O
appropriately	O
weighted	O
goal	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
of	O
other	O
agents	O
or	O
a	O
balanced	O
system	O
of	O
inter-agent	B-KEY
transfers	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
paper	O
formulated	O
and	O
solved	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
control	O
based	O
on	O
criteria	O
and	O
motivation	O
.	O
Linear	B-KEY
active	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
were	O
considered	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
example	O

Emotion	B-KEY
and	O
self-control	B-KEY
A	O
biology-based	O
model	O
of	O
choice	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
examine	O
time-inconsistent	B-KEY
preferences	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
self-control	B-KEY
.	O
Emotion	B-KEY
is	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
biological	O
substrate	O
of	O
choice	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
emotional	B-KEY
systems	O
assign	O
value	O
to	O
`	O
goods	O
'	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
and	O
also	O
facilitate	O
the	O
learning	B-KEY
of	O
expectations	O
regarding	O
alternative	O
options	O
for	O
acquiring	O
those	O
goods	O
.	O
A	O
third	O
major	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
emotional	B-KEY
choice	O
systems	O
is	O
motivation	O
.	O
Self-control	B-KEY
is	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
the	O
inhibition	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
motive	O
force	O
of	O
emotion	B-KEY
,	O
where	O
this	O
inhibition	B-KEY
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
higher	O
level	O
deliberation	O

Matched-filter	O
template	O
generation	O
via	O
spatial	B-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
:	O
application	O
to	O
fetal	O
biomagnetic	O
recordings	O
We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
two-step	O
procedure	O
for	O
signal	O
processing	O
of	O
fetal	O
biomagnetic	O
recordings	O
that	O
removes	O
cardiac	O
interference	O
and	O
noise	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
a	O
modified	B-KEY
matched	I-KEY
filter	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MF	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
remove	O
maternal	B-KEY
cardiac	I-KEY
interference	I-KEY
;	O
then	O
,	O
a	O
simple	B-KEY
signal	I-KEY
space	I-KEY
projection	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SSP	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
remove	O
noise	O
.	O
The	O
key	O
difference	O
between	O
our	O
MF	O
and	O
a	O
conventional	O
one	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
interference	B-KEY
template	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
template	B-KEY
scaling	I-KEY
are	O
derived	O
from	O
a	O
signal	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
spatially	B-KEY
filtered	I-KEY
to	O
isolate	O
the	O
interference	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
from	O
the	O
raw	B-KEY
signal	I-KEY
.	O
Unlike	O
conventional	O
MFs	O
,	O
ours	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
separate	O
maternal	O
and	O
fetal	O
cardiac	O
complexes	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
they	O
have	O
similar	O
morphology	O
and	O
overlap	O
strongly	O
.	O
When	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
SSP	O
that	O
preserves	O
only	O
the	O
signal	O
subspace	O
,	O
the	O
noise	O
is	O
reduced	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
level	O

Performance	B-KEY
comparison	I-KEY
between	O
PID	O
and	O
dead-time	B-KEY
compensating	I-KEY
controllers	O
This	O
paper	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
answer	O
the	O
question	O
:	O
``	O
When	O
can	O
a	O
simple	O
dead-time	B-KEY
compensator	I-KEY
be	O
expected	O
to	O
perform	O
better	O
than	O
a	O
PID	O
?	O
''	O
.	O
The	O
performance	B-KEY
criterion	I-KEY
used	O
is	O
the	O
integrated	B-KEY
absolute	I-KEY
error	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
IAE	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
compared	O
for	O
PI	O
and	O
PID	B-KEY
controllers	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
simple	O
dead-time	B-KEY
compensator	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DTC	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
when	O
a	O
step	B-KEY
load	I-KEY
disturbance	I-KEY
is	O
applied	O
at	O
the	O
plant	O
input	O
.	O
Both	O
stable	O
and	O
integrating	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
are	O
considered	O
.	O
For	O
a	O
fair	O
comparison	O
the	O
controllers	O
should	O
provide	O
equal	B-KEY
robustness	I-KEY
in	O
some	O
sense	O
.	O
Here	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
robustness	O
,	O
the	O
H/sub	O
infinity	O
/	O
norm	O
of	O
the	O
sum	O
of	O
the	O
absolute	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
function	O
and	O
the	O
complementary	B-KEY
sensitivity	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
.	O
Performance	O
of	O
the	O
DTC	B-KEY
's	O
is	O
given	O
also	O
as	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
dead-time	B-KEY
margin	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
D/sub	O
M	O
/	O
-RRB-	O

Lossy	B-KEY
SPICE	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
produce	O
realistic	B-KEY
averaged	I-KEY
simulations	I-KEY
In	O
previous	O
averaged	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
state-space	B-KEY
averaging	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
or	O
switch	B-KEY
waveforms	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
were	O
usually	O
applied	O
over	O
perfect	O
elements	O
,	O
non-inclusive	O
of	O
the	O
ohmic	B-KEY
losses	I-KEY
.	O
However	O
,	O
if	O
these	O
elements	O
play	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
DC	B-KEY
transfer	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
,	O
they	O
affect	O
the	O
small-signal	O
AC	O
analysis	O
by	O
introducing	O
various	O
damping	B-KEY
effects	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
model	O
is	O
introduced	O
in	O
a	O
boost	B-KEY
voltage-mode	I-KEY
application	I-KEY

Adaptive	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
denoising	I-KEY
using	O
scale	O
and	O
space	B-KEY
consistency	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
proposes	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
image	O
denoising	O
with	O
edge	B-KEY
preservation	I-KEY
,	O
based	O
on	O
image	B-KEY
multiresolution	I-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
by	O
a	O
redundant	B-KEY
wavelet	I-KEY
transform	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
our	O
approach	O
,	O
edges	O
are	O
implicitly	O
located	O
and	O
preserved	O
in	O
the	O
wavelet	O
domain	O
,	O
whilst	O
image	O
noise	O
is	O
filtered	O
out	O
.	O
At	O
each	O
resolution	O
level	O
,	O
the	O
image	B-KEY
edges	I-KEY
are	O
estimated	O
by	O
gradient	B-KEY
magnitudes	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
wavelet	O
coefficients	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
modeled	O
probabilistically	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
shrinkage	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
is	O
assembled	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
model	O
obtained	O
.	O
Joint	O
use	O
of	O
space	O
and	O
scale	B-KEY
consistency	I-KEY
is	O
applied	O
for	O
better	O
preservation	O
of	O
edges	O
.	O
The	O
shrinkage	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
are	O
combined	O
to	O
preserve	O
edges	O
that	O
appear	O
simultaneously	O
at	O
several	O
resolutions	O
,	O
and	O
geometric	B-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
are	O
applied	O
to	O
preserve	O
edges	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
isolated	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
technique	O
produces	O
a	O
filtered	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
image	O
,	O
where	O
homogeneous	O
regions	O
appear	O
separated	O
by	O
well-defined	O
edges	O
.	O
Possible	O
applications	O
include	O
image	O
presegmentation	O
,	O
and	O
image	O
denoising	O

Unsafe	O
at	O
any	O
speed	O
?	O
While	O
Sun	O
prides	O
itself	O
on	O
Java	O
's	O
secure	O
sandbox	O
programming	O
model	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
takes	O
a	O
looser	O
approach	O
.	O
Its	O
C#	O
language	O
incorporates	O
C-like	B-KEY
concepts	I-KEY
,	O
including	O
pointers	B-KEY
and	O
memory	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
.	O
But	O
is	O
unsafe	O
code	O
really	O
a	O
boon	O
to	O
programmers	O
,	O
or	O
is	O
it	O
a	O
step	O
backward	O
?	O

Information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
Web	O
:	O
The	O
IA	O
matrix	O
approach	O
to	O
designing	O
children	O
's	O
portals	O
The	O
article	O
presents	O
a	O
matrix	O
that	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
designing	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
Web	O
portal	O
in	O
a	O
logical	O
and	O
systematic	O
manner	O
.	O
The	O
information	O
architect	O
begins	O
by	O
inputting	O
the	O
portal	O
's	O
objective	O
,	O
target	B-KEY
user	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
target	B-KEY
content	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
matrix	O
then	O
determines	O
the	O
most	O
appropriate	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
attributes	O
for	O
the	O
portal	O
by	O
filling	O
in	O
the	O
Applied	O
Information	B-KEY
Architecture	I-KEY
portion	O
of	O
the	O
matrix	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
discusses	O
how	O
the	O
matrix	O
works	O
using	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
children	O
's	O
Web	O
portal	O
to	O
provide	O
access	O
to	O
museum	B-KEY
information	I-KEY

Learning	B-KEY
weights	O
for	O
the	O
quasi-weighted	B-KEY
means	I-KEY
We	O
study	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
weights	O
for	O
quasi-weighted	B-KEY
means	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
also	O
called	O
quasi-linear	B-KEY
means	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
when	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
examples	O
is	O
given	O
.	O
We	O
consider	O
first	O
a	O
simple	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
learning	B-KEY
of	O
weights	O
for	O
weighted	O
means	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
extend	O
the	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
general	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
quasi-weighted	B-KEY
mean	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
consider	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
known	O
arbitrary	O
generator	O
f	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
finishes	O
considering	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
parametric	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
suitable	O
when	O
the	O
values	O
to	O
aggregate	O
are	O
measure	B-KEY
values	I-KEY
or	O
ratio	O

Preintegration	B-KEY
lateral	I-KEY
inhibition	I-KEY
enhances	O
unsupervised	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
A	O
large	O
and	O
influential	O
class	O
of	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
architectures	O
uses	O
postintegration	O
lateral	O
inhibition	O
as	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
competition	O
.	O
We	O
argue	O
that	O
these	O
algorithms	O
are	O
computationally	O
deficient	O
in	O
that	O
they	O
fail	O
to	O
generate	O
,	O
or	O
learn	O
,	O
appropriate	O
perceptual	O
representations	O
under	O
certain	O
circumstances	O
.	O
An	O
alternative	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
architecture	O
is	O
presented	O
here	O
in	O
which	O
nodes	O
compete	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
receive	O
inputs	O
rather	O
than	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
generate	O
outputs	O
.	O
This	O
form	O
of	O
competition	B-KEY
,	O
implemented	O
through	O
preintegration	B-KEY
lateral	I-KEY
inhibition	I-KEY
,	O
does	O
provide	O
appropriate	O
coding	O
properties	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
learn	O
such	O
representations	O
efficiently	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
this	O
architecture	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
both	O
neuroanatomical	O
and	O
neuropsychological	O
data	O
.	O
We	O
thus	O
argue	O
that	O
preintegration	B-KEY
lateral	I-KEY
inhibition	I-KEY
has	O
computational	O
advantages	O
over	O
conventional	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
architectures	O
while	O
remaining	O
equally	O
biologically	O
plausible	O

The	O
maximum	O
possible	O
EVPI	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
calculate	O
the	O
maximum	O
expected	B-KEY
value	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
perfect	I-KEY
information	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
EVPI	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
any	O
probability	B-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
states	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
This	O
maximum	O
EVPI	O
is	O
an	O
upper	O
bound	O
for	O
the	O
EVPI	O
with	O
given	O
probabilities	O
and	O
thus	O
an	O
upper	O
bound	O
for	O
any	O
partial	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
states	O
of	O
the	O
world	O

In	O
search	O
of	O
strategic	O
operations	O
research/management	O
science	O
We	O
define	O
strategic	B-KEY
OR/MS	I-KEY
as	O
``	O
OR/MS	O
work	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
sustainable	O
competitive	O
advantage	O
.	O
''	O
We	O
found	O
evidence	O
of	O
strategic	B-KEY
OR/MS	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
literature	O
of	O
strategic	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SIS	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
OR/MS	O
.	O
We	O
examined	O
30	O
early	O
examples	O
of	O
SIS	B-KEY
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
contained	O
OR/MS	O
work	O
.	O
Many	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
successful	O
had	O
high	O
OR/MS	O
content	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
least	O
successful	O
contained	O
none	O
.	O
The	O
inclusion	O
of	O
OR/MS	O
work	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
key	O
to	O
sustaining	O
an	O
advantage	O
from	O
information	O
technology	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
examined	O
the	O
Edelman	O
Prize	O
finalist	O
articles	O
published	O
between	O
1990	O
and	O
1999	O
.	O
We	O
found	O
that	O
13	O
of	O
the	O
42	O
private	O
sector	O
applications	O
meet	O
our	O
definition	O
of	O
strategic	B-KEY
OR/MS	I-KEY

Extinction	B-KEY
cross	I-KEY
sections	I-KEY
of	O
realistic	B-KEY
raindrops	I-KEY
:	O
data-bank	B-KEY
established	O
using	O
T-matrix	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
and	O
nonlinear	O
fitting	O
technique	O
A	O
new	O
computer	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
is	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
T-matrix	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
to	O
generate	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
total	O
-LRB-	O
extinction	O
-RRB-	O
cross	O
sections	O
-LRB-	O
TCS	O
-RRB-	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
realistic	B-KEY
raindrops	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
deformed	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
balance	O
of	O
the	O
forces	O
that	O
act	O
on	O
a	O
drop	O
failing	O
under	O
gravity	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
were	O
described	O
in	O
shape	O
by	O
Pruppacher	O
and	O
Pitter	O
-LRB-	O
1971	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
These	O
data	O
for	O
various	O
dimensions	O
of	O
the	O
raindrops	O
-LRB-	O
mean	B-KEY
effective	I-KEY
radius	I-KEY
from	O
0	B-KEY
to	I-KEY
3.25	I-KEY
mm	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
frequencies	O
-LRB-	O
10	B-KEY
to	I-KEY
80	I-KEY
GHz	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
horizontal	O
and	O
vertical	O
-RRB-	O
polarizations	O
,	O
and	O
temperatures	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
0	O
,	O
10	O
and	O
20	O
degrees	O
C	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
stored	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
data	O
bank	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
curve	O
fitting	O
technique	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
interpolation	B-KEY
of	O
order	O
3	O
,	O
is	O
implemented	O
for	O
the	O
TCS	O
values	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
bank	O
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
interpolated	B-KEY
TCS	O
results	O
can	O
be	O
obtained	O
readily	O
from	O
the	O
interpolation	B-KEY
process	O
with	O
negligible	O
or	O
even	O
null	O
computational	O
time	O
and	O
efforts	O
.	O
Error	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
is	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
high	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
analysis	O
and	O
applicability	O
of	O
the	O
interpolation	B-KEY
.	O
At	O
three	O
operating	B-KEY
frequencies	I-KEY
of	O
15	O
,	O
21.225	O
,	O
and	O
38	B-KEY
GHz	I-KEY
locally	O
used	O
in	O
Singapore	B-KEY
,	O
some	O
new	O
TCS	O
values	O
are	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
new	O
fast	O
and	O
efficient	O
interpolation	B-KEY
with	O
a	O
good	O
accuracy	O

Edit	B-KEY
distance	I-KEY
of	O
run-length	B-KEY
encoded	I-KEY
strings	I-KEY
Let	O
X	O
and	O
Y	O
be	O
two	O
run-length	B-KEY
encoded	I-KEY
strings	I-KEY
,	O
of	O
encoded	B-KEY
lengths	I-KEY
k	O
and	O
l	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
simple	O
O	O
-LRB-	O
|	O
X	O
|	O
l	O
+	O
|	O
Y	O
|	O
k	O
-RRB-	O
time	O
algorithm	B-KEY
that	O
computes	O
their	O
edit	B-KEY
distance	I-KEY

Perspectives	O
on	O
scholarly	B-KEY
online	I-KEY
books	I-KEY
:	O
the	O
Columbia	B-KEY
University	I-KEY
Online	I-KEY
Books	I-KEY
Evaluation	I-KEY
Project	I-KEY
The	O
Online	O
Books	O
Evaluation	O
Project	O
at	O
Columbia	O
University	O
studied	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
scholarly	B-KEY
online	I-KEY
books	I-KEY
from	O
1995	O
to	O
1999	O
.	O
Issues	O
included	O
scholars	O
'	O
interest	O
in	O
using	O
online	O
books	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
they	O
might	O
play	O
in	O
scholarly	O
life	O
,	O
features	O
that	O
scholars	O
and	O
librarians	O
sought	O
in	O
online	O
books	O
,	O
the	O
costs	B-KEY
of	O
producing	O
and	O
owning	O
print	O
and	O
online	O
books	O
,	O
and	O
potential	O
marketplace	B-KEY
arrangements	I-KEY
.	O
Scholars	O
see	O
potential	O
for	O
online	O
books	O
to	O
make	O
their	O
research	B-KEY
,	O
learning	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
teaching	O
more	O
efficient	O
and	O
effective	O
.	O
Librarians	O
see	O
potential	O
to	O
serve	O
their	O
scholars	O
better	O
.	O
Librarians	O
may	O
face	O
lower	O
costs	B-KEY
if	O
they	O
can	O
serve	O
their	O
scholars	O
with	O
online	O
books	O
instead	O
of	O
print	B-KEY
books	I-KEY
.	O
Publishers	O
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
offer	O
scholars	O
greater	O
opportunities	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
books	O
while	O
enhancing	O
their	O
own	O
profitability	O

Building	O
3D	B-KEY
anatomical	I-KEY
scenes	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
Web	O
We	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
service	O
for	O
building	O
user-defined	B-KEY
3D	I-KEY
anatomical	I-KEY
structures	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
The	O
Web	B-KEY
server	I-KEY
is	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
database	B-KEY
storing	O
more	O
than	O
1000	O
3D	B-KEY
anatomical	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
reconstructed	O
from	O
the	O
Visible	B-KEY
Human	I-KEY
.	O
Users	O
may	O
combine	O
existing	O
models	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
planar	B-KEY
oblique	I-KEY
slices	I-KEY
in	O
order	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
structured	B-KEY
anatomical	I-KEY
scenes	I-KEY
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
they	O
may	O
record	O
sequences	O
of	O
scene	B-KEY
construction	I-KEY
and	O
visualization	B-KEY
actions	O
.	O
These	O
actions	O
enable	O
the	O
server	O
to	O
construct	O
high-quality	B-KEY
video	I-KEY
animations	I-KEY
,	O
downloadable	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
Professionals	O
and	O
students	O
in	O
anatomy	O
,	O
medicine	O
and	O
related	O
disciplines	O
are	O
invited	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
server	O
and	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
anatomical	O
scenes	O

A	O
Web-accessible	B-KEY
database	I-KEY
of	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
1,945	O
basic	B-KEY
Japanese	I-KEY
kanji	I-KEY
In	O
1981	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	O
government	O
published	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
1,945	O
basic	B-KEY
Japanese	I-KEY
kanji	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Jooyoo	B-KEY
Kanji-hyo	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
including	O
specifications	O
of	O
pronunciation	B-KEY
.	O
This	O
list	O
was	O
established	O
as	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
kanji	O
usage	O
in	O
print	O
.	O
The	O
database	O
for	O
1,945	O
basic	B-KEY
Japanese	I-KEY
kanji	I-KEY
provides	O
30	O
cells	B-KEY
that	O
explain	O
in	O
detail	O
the	O
various	O
characteristics	O
of	O
kanji	O
.	O
Means	B-KEY
,	O
standard	B-KEY
deviations	I-KEY
,	O
distributions	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
information	O
related	O
to	O
previous	O
research	O
concerning	O
these	O
kanji	O
are	O
provided	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O
The	O
database	O
is	O
saved	O
as	O
a	O
Microsoft	B-KEY
Excel	I-KEY
2000	I-KEY
file	I-KEY
for	I-KEY
Windows	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
kanji	O
database	O
is	O
accessible	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
Oxford	O
Text	O
Archive	O
,	O
Oxford	O
University	O
-LRB-	O
http://ota.ahds.ac.uk	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Using	O
this	O
database	O
,	O
researchers	O
and	O
educators	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
conduct	O
planned	O
experiments	O
and	O
organize	O
classroom	B-KEY
instruction	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
known	O
characteristics	O
of	O
selected	O
kanji	O

Improvements	O
and	O
critique	O
on	O
Sugeno	O
's	O
and	O
Yasukawa	O
's	O
qualitative	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
Investigates	O
Sugeno	O
's	O
and	O
Yasukawa	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1993	O
-RRB-	O
qualitative	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
approach	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
some	O
easily	O
implementable	O
solutions	O
for	O
the	O
unclear	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
paper	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
trapezoid	B-KEY
approximation	I-KEY
of	O
membership	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
,	O
rule	B-KEY
creation	I-KEY
from	O
sample	O
data	O
points	O
,	O
and	O
selection	O
of	O
important	O
variables	O
.	O
We	O
further	O
suggest	O
an	O
improved	O
parameter	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
to	O
be	O
applied	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
one	O
.	O
These	O
details	O
are	O
crucial	O
concerning	O
the	O
method	O
's	O
performance	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
shown	O
in	O
a	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
and	O
helps	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
built-up	O
model	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
possible	O
further	O
rule	B-KEY
base	I-KEY
reduction	I-KEY
which	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
successfully	O
in	O
certain	O
cases	O
.	O
This	O
improvement	O
reduces	O
the	O
time	O
requirement	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
16	O
%	O
in	O
our	O
experiments	O

Adaptive	B-KEY
neural/fuzzy	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
for	O
interpolated	B-KEY
nonlinear	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
Adaptive	O
control	O
for	O
nonlinear	O
time-varying	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
is	O
of	O
both	O
theoretical	O
and	O
practical	O
importance	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
an	O
adaptive	O
control	O
methodology	O
for	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
nonlinear	O
systems	O
with	O
a	O
time-varying	O
structure	O
.	O
This	O
class	O
of	O
systems	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
interpolations	O
of	O
nonlinear	O
subsystems	O
which	O
are	O
input-output	O
feedback	O
linearizable	O
.	O
Both	O
indirect	O
and	O
direct	O
adaptive	O
control	O
methods	O
are	O
developed	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
spatially	B-KEY
localized	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
Takagi-Sugeno	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
or	O
radial	B-KEY
basis	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
neural	I-KEY
networks	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
online	B-KEY
approximators	I-KEY
to	O
learn	O
the	O
unknown	B-KEY
dynamics	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
Without	O
assumptions	O
on	O
rate	O
of	O
change	O
of	O
system	O
dynamics	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
adaptive	O
control	O
methods	O
guarantee	O
that	O
all	O
internal	O
signals	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
bounded	O
and	O
the	O
tracking	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
is	O
asymptotically	O
stable	O
.	O
The	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
adaptive	O
controller	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
using	O
a	O
jet	B-KEY
engine	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
problem	O

Project	B-KEY
Euclid	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
research	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
in	O
scholarly	B-KEY
publishing	I-KEY
Project	B-KEY
Euclid	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
joint	B-KEY
electronic	I-KEY
journal	I-KEY
publishing	I-KEY
initiative	I-KEY
of	O
Cornell	B-KEY
University	I-KEY
Library	I-KEY
and	O
Duke	B-KEY
University	I-KEY
Press	I-KEY
is	O
discussed	O
in	O
the	O
broader	O
contexts	O
of	O
the	O
changing	O
patterns	O
of	O
scholarly	B-KEY
communication	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
publishing	O
scene	O
of	O
mathematics	B-KEY
.	O
Specific	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
such	O
as	O
partnerships	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
an	O
economic	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
are	O
presented	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
what	O
it	O
takes	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
publisher	O
.	O
Libraries	O
have	O
gained	O
important	O
and	O
relevant	O
experience	O
through	O
the	O
creation	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
digital	O
libraries	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
further	O
skills	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
adopt	O
a	O
new	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
scholarly	B-KEY
communication	I-KEY

A	O
survey	O
of	O
interactive	O
mesh-cutting	O
techniques	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
implementing	O
generalized	B-KEY
interactive	I-KEY
mesh	I-KEY
cutting	I-KEY
using	O
virtual	B-KEY
tools	I-KEY
In	O
our	O
experience	O
,	O
mesh-cutting	O
methods	O
can	O
be	O
distinguished	O
by	O
how	O
their	O
solutions	O
address	O
the	O
following	O
major	O
issues	O
:	O
definition	O
of	O
the	O
cut	O
path	O
,	O
primitive	O
removal	O
and	O
re-meshing	B-KEY
,	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
primitives	O
created	O
,	O
when	O
re-meshing	B-KEY
is	O
performed	O
,	O
and	O
representation	O
of	O
the	O
cutting	B-KEY
tool	I-KEY
.	O
Many	O
researchers	O
have	O
developed	O
schemes	O
for	O
interactive	O
mesh	O
cutting	O
with	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
reducing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
primitives	O
created	O
,	O
creating	O
new	O
primitives	O
with	O
good	O
aspect	O
ratios	O
,	O
avoiding	O
a	O
disconnected	B-KEY
mesh	I-KEY
structure	I-KEY
between	O
primitives	O
in	O
the	O
cut	O
path	O
,	O
and	O
representing	O
the	O
path	O
traversed	O
by	O
the	O
tool	O
as	O
accurately	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O
The	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
explain	O
how	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
very	O
simple	O
framework	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
build	O
a	O
generalized	O
cutting	O
scheme	O
.	O
This	O
method	O
allows	O
for	O
any	O
arbitrary	O
cut	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
within	O
a	O
virtual	B-KEY
object	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
can	O
simulate	O
cutting	O
surface	O
,	O
layered	B-KEY
surface	I-KEY
or	O
tetrahedral	B-KEY
objects	I-KEY
using	O
a	O
virtual	O
scalpel	O
,	O
scissors	O
,	O
or	O
loop	O
cautery	O
tool	O
.	O
This	O
method	O
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
real-time	O
,	O
haptic-rate	B-KEY
surgical	I-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
allowing	O
arbitrary	O
cuts	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
on	O
high-resolution	B-KEY
patient-specific	I-KEY
models	I-KEY

Full-screen	B-KEY
ultrafast	I-KEY
video	I-KEY
modes	I-KEY
over-clocked	O
by	O
simple	O
VESA	O
routines	O
and	O
registers	B-KEY
reprogramming	I-KEY
under	O
MS-DOS	B-KEY
Fast	O
full-screen	O
presentation	O
of	O
stimuli	O
is	O
necessary	O
in	O
psychological	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
.	O
Although	O
Spitczok	O
von	O
Brisinski	O
-LRB-	O
1994	O
-RRB-	O
introduced	O
a	O
method	O
that	O
achieved	O
ultrafast	O
display	O
by	O
reprogramming	O
the	O
registers	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
produce	O
an	O
acceptable	O
full-screen	O
display	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
introduces	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
combining	O
VESA	B-KEY
routine	I-KEY
calling	I-KEY
with	O
register	B-KEY
reprogramming	I-KEY
that	O
can	O
yield	O
a	O
display	O
at	O
640	O
*	O
480	O
resolution	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
refresh	O
rate	O
of	O
about	O
150	O
Hz	O

Vendor	O
qualifications	O
for	O
IT	B-KEY
staff	I-KEY
and	O
networking	O
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
vendor-run	B-KEY
accreditation	I-KEY
schemes	I-KEY
can	O
offer	O
an	O
objective	O
measure	O
of	O
a	O
job	B-KEY
applicant	I-KEY
's	O
skills	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
always	O
indicate	O
the	O
true	O
extent	O
of	O
practical	B-KEY
abilities	I-KEY

An	O
efficient	B-KEY
retrieval	I-KEY
selection	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
video	B-KEY
servers	I-KEY
with	O
random	B-KEY
duplicated	I-KEY
assignment	I-KEY
storage	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
Random	O
duplicated	O
assignment	O
-LRB-	O
RDA	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
an	O
approach	O
in	O
which	O
video	O
data	O
is	O
stored	O
by	O
assigning	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
copies	B-KEY
of	O
each	O
data	B-KEY
block	I-KEY
to	O
different	O
,	O
randomly	B-KEY
chosen	I-KEY
disks	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
this	O
approach	O
results	O
in	O
smaller	O
response	B-KEY
times	I-KEY
and	O
lower	O
disk	O
and	O
RAM	B-KEY
costs	I-KEY
compared	O
to	O
the	O
well-known	O
disk	O
stripping	O
techniques	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
this	O
storage	O
approach	O
,	O
one	O
has	O
to	O
determine	O
,	O
for	O
each	O
given	O
batch	O
of	O
data	B-KEY
blocks	I-KEY
,	O
from	O
which	O
disk	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
data	B-KEY
blocks	I-KEY
is	O
to	O
be	O
retrieved	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
maximum	B-KEY
load	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
disks	O
is	O
minimized	O
.	O
The	O
problem	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
retrieval	O
selection	O
problem	O
-LRB-	O
RSP	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
efficient	O
algorithm	O
for	O
RSP	O
.	O
This	O
algorithm	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
breadth-first	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
approach	O
and	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
guarantee	O
optimal	B-KEY
solutions	I-KEY
for	O
RSP	O
in	O
O	O
-LRB-	O
n/sup	O
2	O
/	O
+	O
mn	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
where	O
m	O
and	O
n	O
correspond	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
data	B-KEY
blocks	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
disks	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
our	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
has	O
a	O
lower	O
time	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
than	O
an	O
existing	O
algorithm	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
MFS	O
algorithm	O

Correction	O
to	O
construction	O
of	O
panoramic	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
mosaics	I-KEY
with	O
global	O
and	O
local	B-KEY
alignment	I-KEY
For	O
original	O
paper	O
see	O
ibid.	O
,	O
vol	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
no.	O
2	O
,	O
p.	O
101-30	O
-LRB-	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
authors	O
had	O
given	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
panoramic	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
mosaics	I-KEY
with	O
global	O
and	O
local	B-KEY
alignment	I-KEY
.	O
Unfortunately	O
a	O
mistake	O
had	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
incorrect	O
equation	O
which	O
whilst	O
making	O
little	O
difference	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
for	O
faster	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
assured	O
-RRB-	O
convergence	O
,	O
the	O
correct	O
formulae	O
given	O
here	O
should	O
be	O
used	O

An	O
object-oriented	B-KEY
version	I-KEY
of	O
SIMLIB	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
a	O
simple	O
simulation	O
package	O
-RRB-	O
This	O
paper	O
introduces	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-KEY
version	I-KEY
of	O
SIMLIB	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
an	O
easy-to-understand	O
discrete-event	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
package	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
object-oriented	B-KEY
version	I-KEY
is	O
preferable	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
procedural	O
language	O
versions	O
of	O
SIMLIB	B-KEY
in	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
easier	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
teach	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
from	O
an	O
object	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
.	O
A	O
single-server	O
queue	O
simulation	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
using	O
the	O
object-oriented	O
SIMLIB	B-KEY

Student	B-KEY
consulting	I-KEY
projects	I-KEY
benefit	O
faculty	O
and	O
industry	O
Student	B-KEY
consulting	I-KEY
projects	I-KEY
require	O
students	O
to	O
apply	O
OR/MS	B-KEY
tools	I-KEY
to	O
obtain	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
firms	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
.	O
These	O
projects	O
benefit	O
faculty	O
by	O
providing	O
clear	O
feedback	O
on	O
the	O
real	O
capabilities	O
of	O
students	O
,	O
a	O
broad	O
connection	O
to	O
local	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
material	O
for	O
case	O
studies	O
and	O
research	O
.	O
They	O
benefit	O
companies	O
by	O
stimulating	O
new	O
thinking	O
regarding	O
their	O
activities	O
and	O
delivering	O
results	O
they	O
can	O
use	O
.	O
Projects	O
provide	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
end-user	O
modeling	O
mode	O
of	O
OR/MS	O
practice	O
.	O
Projects	O
support	O
continuous	O
improvement	O
as	O
the	O
lessons	O
gained	O
from	O
a	O
crop	O
of	O
projects	O
enable	O
better	O
teaching	O
during	O
the	O
next	O
course	O
offering	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
leads	O
to	O
better	O
projects	O
and	O
further	O
insights	O
into	O
teaching	O

A	O
formal	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
computing	B-KEY
with	I-KEY
words	I-KEY
Classical	O
automata	O
are	O
formal	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
of	O
computing	O
with	O
values	O
.	O
Fuzzy	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
are	O
generalizations	O
of	O
classical	O
automata	O
where	O
the	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
next	O
state	O
is	O
vague	O
or	O
uncertain	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
worth	O
noting	O
that	O
like	O
classical	O
automata	O
,	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
can	O
only	O
process	O
strings	O
of	O
input	O
symbols	O
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
such	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
are	O
still	O
-LRB-	O
abstract	O
-RRB-	O
devices	O
for	O
computing	O
with	O
values	O
,	O
although	O
a	O
certain	O
vagueness	O
or	O
uncertainty	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
computation	O
.	O
We	O
introduce	O
a	O
new	O
kind	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
whose	O
inputs	O
are	O
instead	O
strings	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
subsets	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
input	B-KEY
alphabet	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
new	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
may	O
serve	O
as	O
formal	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
of	O
computing	B-KEY
with	I-KEY
words	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
establish	O
an	O
extension	B-KEY
principle	I-KEY
from	O
computing	O
with	O
values	O
to	O
computing	B-KEY
with	I-KEY
words	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
principle	O
indicates	O
that	O
computing	B-KEY
with	I-KEY
words	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
with	O
computing	O
with	O
values	O
with	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
a	O
big	O
amount	O
of	O
extra	O
computations	O

Debugging	O
Web	O
applications	O
The	O
author	O
considers	O
how	O
one	O
can	O
save	O
time	O
tracking	O
down	O
bugs	O
in	O
Web-based	O
applications	O
by	O
arming	O
yourself	O
with	O
the	O
right	O
tools	O
and	O
programming	B-KEY
practices	O
.	O
A	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
debugging	O
tools	O
have	O
been	O
written	O
with	O
Web	O
developers	O
in	O
mind	O

Information	O
architecture	O
:	O
notes	O
toward	O
a	O
new	O
curriculum	O
There	O
are	O
signs	O
that	O
information	O
architecture	O
is	O
coalescing	O
into	O
a	O
field	O
of	O
professional	B-KEY
practice	I-KEY
.	O
However	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
profession	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
develop	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
educating	O
new	O
information	B-KEY
architects	I-KEY
.	O
Lessons	O
from	O
other	O
fields	O
suggest	O
that	O
professional	B-KEY
education	I-KEY
typically	O
evolves	O
along	O
a	O
predictable	O
path	O
,	O
from	O
apprenticeships	O
to	O
trade	O
schools	O
to	O
college	O
-	O
and	O
university-level	O
education	O
.	O
Information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
education	I-KEY
may	O
develop	O
more	O
quickly	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
growing	O
demands	O
of	O
the	O
information	O
society	O
.	O
Several	O
pedagogical	B-KEY
approaches	I-KEY
employed	O
in	O
other	O
fields	O
may	O
be	O
adopted	O
for	O
information	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
education	I-KEY
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
resulting	O
curricula	O
provide	O
an	O
interdisciplinary	O
approach	O
and	O
balance	O
instruction	O
in	O
technical	O
and	O
design	O
skills	O
with	O
consideration	O
of	O
theoretical	O
concepts	O
.	O
Key	O
content	O
areas	O
are	O
information	B-KEY
organization	I-KEY
,	O
graphic	O
.	O
design	O
,	O
computer	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
,	O
user	O
and	O
usability	B-KEY
studies	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
communication	O
.	O
Certain	O
logistics	O
must	O
be	O
worked	O
out	O
,	O
including	O
where	O
information	O
architecture	O
studies	O
should	O
be	O
housed	O
and	O
what	O
kinds	O
of	O
degrees	O
should	O
be	O
offered	O
and	O
at	O
what	O
levels	O
.	O
The	O
successful	O
information	O
architecture	O
curriculum	O
will	O
be	O
flexible	O
and	O
adaptable	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
changing	O
needs	O
of	O
students	O
and	O
the	O
marketplace	O

A	O
friction	B-KEY
compensator	I-KEY
for	O
pneumatic	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
valves	I-KEY
A	O
procedure	O
that	O
compensates	O
for	O
static	O
friction	O
-LRB-	O
stiction	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
pneumatic	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
valves	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
compensation	O
is	O
obtained	O
by	O
adding	O
pulses	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
signal	O
.	O
The	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
pulses	O
are	O
determined	O
from	O
the	O
control	O
action	O
.	O
The	O
compensator	O
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
industrial	B-KEY
controllers	I-KEY
and	O
control	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
industrial	O
experiences	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
procedure	O
reduces	O
the	O
control	O
error	O
during	O
stick-slip	B-KEY
motion	I-KEY
significantly	O
compared	O
to	O
standard	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
without	O
stiction	B-KEY
compensation	I-KEY

CAD/CAE	B-KEY
software	I-KEY
aids	O
converter	O
design	O
-LSB-	O
DC/DC	O
power	O
conversion	O
-RSB-	O
Typically	O
,	O
power	B-KEY
supply	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
involves	O
electronic	O
and	O
magnetic	B-KEY
components	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
describe	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
flyback	O
converter	O
example	O
,	O
how	O
CAD/CAE	O
tools	O
can	O
aid	O
the	O
power	O
supply	O
engineer	O
in	O
both	O
areas	O
,	O
reducing	O
prototyping	B-KEY
costs	I-KEY
and	O
providing	O
insights	O
into	O
system	O
performance	O

Tracking	O
nonparameterized	B-KEY
object	I-KEY
contours	I-KEY
in	O
video	B-KEY
We	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
contour	B-KEY
tracking	I-KEY
in	O
video	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
inverted	B-KEY
distance	I-KEY
transform	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
edge	B-KEY
map	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
edge	B-KEY
indicator	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
for	O
contour	O
detection	O
.	O
Using	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
topographical	B-KEY
distance	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
watershed	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
formulated	O
as	O
a	O
minimization	B-KEY
.	O
This	O
new	O
viewpoint	O
gives	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
combine	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
watershed	O
algorithm	O
on	O
different	O
surfaces	O
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
our	O
algorithm	O
determines	O
the	O
contour	O
as	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
edge	B-KEY
map	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
contour	O
,	O
predicted	O
from	O
the	O
tracking	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
previous	O
frame	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
background	B-KEY
clutter	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
relaxed	O
by	O
taking	O
the	O
object	B-KEY
motion	I-KEY
into	O
account	O
.	O
The	O
compensation	O
with	O
object	B-KEY
motion	I-KEY
allows	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
remove	O
spurious	O
edges	O
in	O
background	O
.	O
The	O
experimental	O
results	O
confirm	O
the	O
expected	O
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
over	O
the	O
existing	O
approaches	O

From	O
a	O
biological	O
to	O
a	O
computational	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
autonomous	B-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
animat	B-KEY
Endowing	O
an	O
autonomous	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
like	O
a	O
robot	B-KEY
with	O
intelligent	B-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
is	O
difficult	O
for	O
several	O
reasons	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
behavior	O
is	O
such	O
a	O
wide	O
topic	O
that	O
a	O
general	O
framework	O
paradigm	O
of	O
inspiration	O
must	O
be	O
chosen	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
consistent	O
model	O
.	O
Such	O
a	O
framework	O
can	O
be	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
biological	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
or	O
an	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
approach	O
.	O
Second	O
,	O
a	O
general	O
framework	O
is	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
determine	O
a	O
fully	O
specified	O
program	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
robot	B-KEY
.	O
Many	O
choices	O
,	O
tuning	B-KEY
and	O
tests	B-KEY
must	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
before	O
obtaining	O
a	O
robust	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
biological	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
cortex-like	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
,	O
representing	O
elementary	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
perceptive	O
,	O
motor	O
or	O
associative	B-KEY
domain	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
automata	O
are	O
connected	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
whose	O
architecture	B-KEY
,	O
functioning	O
and	O
learning	B-KEY
rules	I-KEY
are	O
described	O
in	O
a	O
cortical	O
framework	O
.	O
Second	O
,	O
the	O
computational	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
derived	O
from	O
that	O
biological	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
is	O
specified	O
.	O
The	O
way	O
units	O
exchange	O
and	O
compute	O
variables	O
through	O
links	B-KEY
is	O
explained	O
,	O
with	O
reference	O
to	O
corresponding	O
biological	O
elements	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
then	O
easier	O
to	O
report	O
experiments	O
allowing	O
an	O
autonomous	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
to	O
learn	O
regularities	O
of	O
a	O
simple	B-KEY
environment	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
exploit	O
them	O
to	O
satisfy	O
some	O
internal	B-KEY
drives	I-KEY
.	O
Even	O
if	O
additional	O
biological	O
hints	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
,	O
this	O
model	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
how	O
a	O
biological	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
and	O
how	O
biological	O
properties	O
can	O
emerge	O
from	O
a	O
distributed	O
set	O
of	O
units	O

Flexibility	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
of	O
complex	B-KEY
technical	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
under	O
uncertainty	O
An	O
important	O
problem	O
in	O
designing	O
technical	O
systems	O
under	O
partial	B-KEY
uncertainty	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
initial	O
physical	O
,	O
chemical	O
,	O
and	O
technological	O
data	O
is	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
a	O
design	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
technical	O
system	O
is	O
flexible	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
its	O
control	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
is	O
capable	O
of	O
guaranteeing	O
that	O
the	O
constraints	O
hold	O
even	O
under	O
changes	O
in	O
external	O
and	O
internal	O
factors	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
mathematical	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
in	O
its	O
design	O
.	O
Three	O
flexibility	O
problems	O
,	O
viz.	O
,	O
the	O
flexibility	O
of	O
a	O
technical	O
system	O
of	O
given	O
structure	O
,	O
structural	B-KEY
flexibility	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
technical	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
guaranteeing	O
the	O
flexibility	O
of	O
a	O
technical	O
system	O
,	O
are	O
studied	O
.	O
Two	O
approaches	O
to	O
these	O
problems	O
are	O
elaborated	O
.	O
Results	O
of	O
a	O
computation	O
experiment	O
are	O
given	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
emotions	B-KEY
on	O
bounded	B-KEY
rationality	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
comment	O
on	O
Kaufman	O
Bruce	O
Kaufman	O
's	O
article	O
-LRB-	O
1999	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
``	O
Emotional	B-KEY
arousal	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
bounded	B-KEY
rationality	I-KEY
''	O
,	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
present	O
an	O
additional	O
source	O
of	O
bounded	B-KEY
rationality	I-KEY
,	O
one	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
cognitive	O
constraints	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
high	O
emotional	B-KEY
arousal	O
.	O
In	O
doing	O
so	O
,	O
Kaufman	O
is	O
following	O
a	O
long	O
tradition	O
of	O
thinkers	O
who	O
have	O
contrasted	O
emotion	B-KEY
with	O
reason	O
,	O
claiming	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
,	O
that	O
emotions	B-KEY
are	O
a	O
violent	O
force	O
hindering	O
rational	B-KEY
thinking	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
paper	O
aims	O
to	O
challenge	O
Kaufman	O
's	O
unidimensional	O
idea	O
regarding	O
the	O
connection	O
between	O
high	O
emotional	B-KEY
arousal	O
and	O
decision	B-KEY
making	I-KEY

Design	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
brain-computer	B-KEY
interface	I-KEY
with	I-KEY
high	I-KEY
transfer	I-KEY
rates	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
brain-computer	O
interface	O
-LRB-	O
BCI	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
can	O
help	O
users	O
to	O
input	O
phone	O
numbers	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
steady-state	B-KEY
visual	I-KEY
evoked	I-KEY
potential	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SSVEP	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Twelve	O
buttons	O
illuminated	O
at	O
different	O
rates	O
were	O
displayed	O
on	O
a	O
computer	B-KEY
monitor	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
buttons	O
constituted	O
a	O
virtual	B-KEY
telephone	I-KEY
keypad	I-KEY
,	O
representing	O
the	O
ten	O
digits	O
0-9	O
,	O
BACKSPACE	O
,	O
and	O
ENTER	O
.	O
Users	O
could	O
input	O
phone	O
number	O
by	O
gazing	O
at	O
these	O
buttons	O
.	O
The	O
frequency-coded	B-KEY
SSVEP	I-KEY
was	O
used	O
to	O
judge	O
which	O
button	O
the	O
user	O
desired	O
.	O
Eight	O
of	O
the	O
thirteen	O
subjects	O
succeeded	O
in	O
ringing	O
the	O
mobile	O
phone	O
using	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
The	O
average	O
transfer	O
rate	O
over	O
all	O
subjects	O
was	O
27.15	O
bits/min	O
.	O
The	O
attractive	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
noninvasive	O
signal	O
recording	O
,	O
little	O
training	O
required	O
for	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
information	O
transfer	O
rate	O
.	O
Approaches	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
discussed	O

Why	O
your	O
Web	B-KEY
strategy	I-KEY
is	O
,	O
err	O
,	O
wrong	O
An	O
awkward	O
look	O
at	O
a	O
few	O
standard	O
views	O
from	O
the	O
author	O
,	O
who	O
thinks	O
that	O
most	O
people	O
have	O
got	O
it	O
,	O
err	O
,	O
wrong	O
.	O
Like	O
every	O
other	O
investment	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
comes	O
to	O
sign	O
the	O
contract	O
,	O
the	O
question	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
asked	O
is	O
not	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
investment	O
,	O
but	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
investment	O
the	O
firm	O
can	O
make	O
with	O
the	O
money	O
.	O
the	O
author	O
argues	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
surprised	O
if	O
any	O
law	B-KEY
firm	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
site	I-KEY
he	O
has	O
seen	O
yet	O
would	O
jump	O
that	O
particular	O
hurdle	O

Hours	O
of	O
operation	O
and	O
service	O
in	O
academic	O
libraries	O
:	O
toward	O
a	O
national	O
standard	O
In	O
an	O
effort	O
toward	O
establishing	O
a	O
standard	O
for	O
academic	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
hours	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
article	O
surveys	O
and	O
compares	O
hours	O
of	O
operation	O
and	O
service	O
for	O
ARL	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
and	O
IPEDS	B-KEY
survey	I-KEY
respondents	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
article	O
ranks	O
the	O
ARL	O
-LRB-	O
Association	B-KEY
for	I-KEY
Research	I-KEY
Libraries	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
libraries	O
according	O
to	O
hours	O
of	O
operation	O
and	O
reference	O
hours	O
and	O
then	O
briefly	O
discusses	O
such	O
issues	O
as	O
libraries	O
offering	O
twenty-four	O
access	O
and	O
factors	O
affecting	O
service	O
hour	O
decisions	O

Optical	B-KEY
encoding	I-KEY
of	O
color	B-KEY
three-dimensional	I-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
Three-dimensional	O
-LRB-	O
3D	O
-RRB-	O
correlation	O
of	O
color	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
,	O
considering	O
the	O
color	B-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
as	O
the	O
third	O
dimension	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
color	B-KEY
pattern	I-KEY
recognition	I-KEY
tasks	I-KEY
.	O
Nevertheless	O
,	O
3D	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
can	O
not	O
be	O
directly	O
performed	O
on	O
an	O
optical	B-KEY
correlator	I-KEY
,	O
that	O
can	O
only	O
process	O
two-dimensional	O
-LRB-	O
2D	O
-RRB-	O
signals	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
a	O
method	O
to	O
encode	O
3D	O
functions	O
onto	O
2D	O
ones	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
Fourier	B-KEY
transform	I-KEY
and	O
correlation	O
of	O
these	O
signals	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
optically	O
performed	O
,	O
encode	O
the	O
3D	B-KEY
Fourier	I-KEY
transform	I-KEY
and	O
correlation	O
of	O
the	O
3D	O
signals	O
.	O
The	O
theory	O
for	O
the	O
encoding	O
is	O
given	O
and	O
experimental	O
results	O
obtained	O
in	O
an	O
optical	B-KEY
correlator	I-KEY
are	O
shown	O

Activity	O
and	O
location	O
recognition	O
using	O
wearable	B-KEY
sensors	I-KEY
Using	O
measured	B-KEY
acceleration	I-KEY
and	O
angular	B-KEY
velocity	I-KEY
data	O
gathered	O
through	O
inexpensive	O
,	O
wearable	B-KEY
sensors	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
dead-reckoning	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
can	O
determine	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
location	O
,	O
detect	O
transitions	B-KEY
between	O
preselected	B-KEY
locations	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
recognize	O
and	O
classify	O
sitting	B-KEY
,	O
standing	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
walking	B-KEY
behaviors	O
.	O
Experiments	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
's	O
effectiveness	O

A	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
decomposition	O
of	O
Boolean	O
functions	O
by	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
q-partitions	B-KEY
.	O
II	O
.	O
Repeated	O
decomposition	O
For	O
pt.I	O
.	O
see	O
Upr	O
.	O
Sist	O
.	O
Mash.	O
,	O
no.	O
6	O
,	O
p.	O
29-42	O
-LRB-	O
1999	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
A	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
decomposition	O
of	O
Boolean	O
,	O
functions	O
that	O
depend	O
on	O
n	O
variables	O
and	O
are	O
represented	O
in	O
various	O
forms	O
is	O
considered	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
q-partitioning	B-KEY
of	O
minterms	B-KEY
and	O
on	O
the	O
introduced	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
decomposition	B-KEY
clone	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
theorem	O
on	O
simple	O
disjunctive	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
of	O
full	O
and	O
partial	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
is	O
formulated	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
proposed	O
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
examples	O

Implications	O
of	O
document-level	B-KEY
literacy	I-KEY
skills	I-KEY
for	O
Web	O
site	O
design	O
The	O
proliferation	O
of	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
-LRB-	O
Web	O
-RRB-	O
sites	O
and	O
the	O
low	O
cost	O
of	O
publishing	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
have	O
placed	O
a	O
tremendous	O
amount	O
of	O
information	O
at	O
the	O
fingertips	O
of	O
millions	O
of	O
people	O
.	O
Although	O
most	O
of	O
this	O
information	O
is	O
at	O
least	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
accurate	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
much	O
that	O
is	O
rumor	B-KEY
,	O
innuendo	B-KEY
,	O
urban	B-KEY
legend	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
outright	O
falsehood	B-KEY
.	O
This	O
raises	O
problems	O
especially	O
for	O
students	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
of	O
all	O
ages	O
-RRB-	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
research	O
or	O
learn	O
about	O
some	O
topic	O
.	O
Finding	O
accurate	O
,	O
credible	O
information	O
requires	O
document	O
level	O
literacy	O
skills	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
integration	B-KEY
,	O
sourcing	B-KEY
,	O
corroboration	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
search	B-KEY
.	O
This	O
paper	O
discusses	O
these	O
skills	O
and	O
offers	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
simple	O
ways	O
that	O
designers	O
of	O
educational	O
Web	O
sites	O
can	O
help	O
their	O
visitors	O
utilize	O
these	O
skills	O

Alien	B-KEY
Rescue	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
problem-based	B-KEY
hypermedia	I-KEY
learning	I-KEY
environment	I-KEY
for	O
middle	B-KEY
school	I-KEY
science	O
The	O
article	O
describes	O
an	O
innovative	O
hypermedia	O
product	O
for	O
sixth	B-KEY
graders	I-KEY
in	O
space	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
:	O
Alien	B-KEY
Rescue	I-KEY
.	O
Using	O
a	O
problem-based	O
learning	O
approach	O
that	O
is	O
highly	O
interactive	O
,	O
Alien	B-KEY
Rescue	I-KEY
engages	O
students	O
in	O
scientific	B-KEY
investigations	I-KEY
aimed	O
at	O
finding	O
solutions	O
to	O
complex	O
and	O
meaningful	O
problems	O
.	O
Problem-based	O
learning	O
-LRB-	O
PBL	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
is	O
an	O
instructional	B-KEY
strategy	I-KEY
proven	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
medical	O
and	O
business	B-KEY
fields	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
increasingly	O
popular	O
in	O
education	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
using	O
PBL	B-KEY
in	O
K-12	B-KEY
classrooms	I-KEY
is	O
challenging	O
and	O
requires	O
access	O
to	O
rich	B-KEY
knowledge	I-KEY
bases	I-KEY
and	O
cognitive	B-KEY
tools	I-KEY
.	O
Alien	B-KEY
Rescue	I-KEY
is	O
designed	O
to	O
provide	O
such	O
cognitive	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
for	O
successful	O
use	O
of	O
PBL	B-KEY
in	O
sixth-grade	O
classrooms	O
.	O
The	O
design	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
Alien	B-KEY
Rescue	I-KEY
is	O
guided	O
by	O
current	O
educational	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
.	O
Research	O
is	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
project	O
.	O
Results	O
of	O
formative	B-KEY
evaluation	I-KEY
and	O
research	O
studies	O
are	O
being	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
Alien	B-KEY
Rescue	I-KEY
is	O
designed	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Standards	O
and	O
the	O
Texas	O
Essential	O
Knowledge	O
and	O
Skills	O
-LRB-	O
TEKS	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
science	O
.	O
So	O
far	O
Alien	B-KEY
Rescue	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
field-tested	O
by	O
approximately	O
1400	O
sixth	B-KEY
graders	I-KEY
.	O
More	O
use	O
in	O
middle	B-KEY
schools	I-KEY
is	O
in	O
progress	O
and	O
more	O
research	O
on	O
its	O
use	O
is	O
planned	O

Challenges	B-KEY
and	O
trends	B-KEY
in	O
discrete	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
Over	O
50	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
the	O
100,000	O
workers	O
at	O
Ford	O
's	O
Rouge	O
automobile	B-KEY
factory	I-KEY
turned	O
out	O
1200	O
cars	O
per	O
day	O
.	O
Nowadays	O
,	O
Ford	O
's	O
plant	O
on	O
that	O
same	O
site	O
still	O
produces	O
800	O
cars	O
each	O
day	O
but	O
with	O
just	O
3000	O
workers	O
.	O
Similar	O
stories	O
abound	O
in	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
industries	O
;	O
technology	B-KEY
revolution	I-KEY
and	O
evolution	O
;	O
a	O
shift	O
from	O
vertical	O
integration	O
,	O
better	O
business	O
and	O
production	B-KEY
practices	I-KEY
and	O
improved	O
industrial	O
relations-all	O
have	O
changed	O
manufacturing	O
beyond	O
recognition	O
.	O
So	O
what	O
are	O
the	O
current	O
challenges	B-KEY
and	O
trends	B-KEY
in	O
manufacturing	O
?	O
Certainly	O
,	O
the	O
relentless	O
advance	O
of	O
technology	O
will	O
continue	O
,	O
as	O
will	O
user	O
pressure	O
for	O
more	O
customized	O
design	O
or	O
improved	O
environmental	O
friendliness	O
.	O
Some	O
trends	B-KEY
are	O
already	O
with	O
us	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
as	O
yet	O
indiscernible	O
,	O
will	O
come	O
.	O
But	O
one	O
major	O
,	O
fundamental	O
shift	O
now	O
resounding	O
throughout	O
industry	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
information	O
involving	O
every	O
single	O
aspect	O
of	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
is	O
being	O
integrated	O
into	O
one	O
seamless	O
system	O

Multispectral	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
image	I-KEY
capture	I-KEY
using	O
a	O
liquid	B-KEY
crystal	I-KEY
tunable	I-KEY
filter	I-KEY
We	O
describe	O
the	O
experimental	O
setup	O
of	O
a	O
multispectral	O
color	O
image	O
acquisition	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
professional	O
monochrome	O
CCD	O
camera	O
and	O
a	O
tunable	O
filter	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
spectral	O
transmittance	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
electronically	O
.	O
We	O
perform	O
a	O
spectral	B-KEY
characterization	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
acquisition	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
taking	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
acquisition	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
.	O
To	O
convert	O
the	O
camera	B-KEY
output	I-KEY
signals	O
to	O
device-independent	O
color	O
data	O
,	O
two	O
main	O
approaches	O
are	O
proposed	O
and	O
evaluated	O
.	O
One	O
consists	O
in	O
applying	O
regression	B-KEY
methods	I-KEY
to	O
convert	O
from	O
the	O
K	O
camera	B-KEY
outputs	I-KEY
to	O
a	O
device-independent	O
color	O
space	O
such	O
as	O
CIEXYZ	O
or	O
CIELAB	O
.	O
Another	O
method	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
spectral	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
acquisition	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
.	O
By	O
inverting	O
the	O
model	O
using	O
a	O
principal	B-KEY
eigenvector	I-KEY
approach	I-KEY
,	O
we	O
estimate	O
the	O
spectral	B-KEY
reflectance	I-KEY
of	O
each	O
pixel	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
imaged	B-KEY
surface	I-KEY

The	O
influence	O
of	O
tollbooths	B-KEY
on	O
highway	B-KEY
traffic	I-KEY
We	O
study	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
tollbooths	B-KEY
on	O
the	O
traffic	O
flow	O
.	O
The	O
highway	B-KEY
traffic	I-KEY
is	O
simulated	O
by	O
the	O
Nagel-Schreckenberg	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
.	O
Various	O
types	O
of	O
toll	B-KEY
collection	I-KEY
are	O
examined	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
characterized	O
either	O
by	O
a	O
waiting	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
or	O
a	O
reduced	B-KEY
speed	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
first-order	B-KEY
phase	I-KEY
transition	I-KEY
is	O
observed	O
.	O
The	O
phase	O
separation	O
results	O
a	O
saturated	B-KEY
flow	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
observed	O
as	O
a	O
plateau	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
fundamental	O
diagram	O
.	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
lane	B-KEY
expansion	I-KEY
near	O
the	O
tollbooth	B-KEY
are	O
examined	O
.	O
The	O
full	O
capacity	O
of	O
a	O
highway	O
can	O
be	O
restored	O
.	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
vehicle	B-KEY
queuing	I-KEY
is	O
studied	O
.	O
Besides	O
the	O
numerical	O
results	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
obtain	O
analytical	O
expressions	O
for	O
various	O
quantities	O
.	O
The	O
numerical	B-KEY
simulations	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
well	O
described	O
by	O
the	O
analytical	O
formulas	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
discuss	O
the	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
travel	O
time	O
and	O
its	O
variance	O
.	O
The	O
tollbooth	B-KEY
increases	O
the	O
travel	O
time	O
but	O
decreases	O
its	O
variance	O
.	O
The	O
differences	O
between	O
long	O
-	O
and	O
short-distance	O
travelers	O
are	O
also	O
discussed	O

Generating	O
code	O
at	O
run	O
time	O
with	O
Reflection.Emit	O
The	O
.	O
NET	O
framework	O
SDK	O
includes	O
several	O
tools	O
that	O
convert	O
source	O
code	O
into	O
executable	O
code-the	O
C#	O
and	O
VB.NET	O
compilers	O
get	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
attention	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
others	O
.	O
The	O
Regex	B-KEY
class	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
in	O
the	O
System.Text.RegularExpressions	O
namespace	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
compile	O
favorite	O
regular	O
expressions	O
into	O
a	O
.	O
NET	O
assembly	B-KEY
.	O
In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
NET	O
Common	O
Language	O
Runtime	O
-LRB-	O
CLR	O
-RRB-	O
contains	O
a	O
whole	O
namespace	O
full	O
of	O
classes	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
build	O
assemblies	B-KEY
,	O
define	O
types	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
emit	O
their	O
implementations	O
,	O
all	O
at	O
run	O
time	O
.	O
These	O
classes	O
,	O
which	O
comprise	O
the	O
System.Reflection.Emit	O
namespace	O
,	O
are	O
known	O
collectively	O
as	O
Reflection	O
.	O
Emit	O

Stabilization	B-KEY
of	O
a	O
linear	O
object	O
by	O
frequency-modulated	B-KEY
pulsed	I-KEY
signals	I-KEY
A	O
control	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
consisting	O
of	O
an	O
unstable	O
continuous	O
linear	O
part	O
and	O
a	O
pulse-frequency	O
modulator	O
in	O
the	O
feedback	B-KEY
circuit	I-KEY
is	O
studied	O
.	O
Conditions	O
for	O
the	O
boundedness	O
of	O
the	O
solutions	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
under	O
any	O
initial	O
data	O
are	O
determined	O

Model	B-KEY
selection	I-KEY
in	O
electromagnetic	B-KEY
source	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
with	O
an	O
application	O
to	O
VEFs	B-KEY
In	O
electromagnetic	B-KEY
source	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
determine	O
how	O
many	O
sources	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
electroencephalogram	O
or	O
magnetoencephalogram	O
adequately	O
.	O
Model	B-KEY
selection	I-KEY
procedures	O
-LRB-	O
MSPs	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
goodness	O
of	O
fit	O
procedures	O
give	O
an	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
required	O
number	O
of	O
sources	O
.	O
Existing	O
and	O
new	O
MSPs	O
are	O
evaluated	O
in	O
different	O
source	O
and	O
noise	B-KEY
settings	I-KEY
:	O
two	O
sources	O
which	O
are	O
close	O
or	O
distant	O
and	O
noise	O
which	O
is	O
uncorrelated	O
or	O
correlated	O
.	O
The	O
commonly	O
used	O
MSP	O
residual	B-KEY
variance	I-KEY
is	O
seen	O
to	O
be	O
ineffective	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
it	O
often	O
selects	O
too	O
many	O
sources	O
.	O
Alternatives	O
like	O
the	O
adjusted	O
Hotelling	O
's	O
test	O
,	O
Bayes	O
information	O
criterion	O
and	O
the	O
Wald	B-KEY
test	I-KEY
on	O
source	O
amplitudes	O
are	O
seen	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
.	O
The	O
adjusted	O
Hotelling	O
's	O
test	O
is	O
recommended	O
if	O
a	O
conservative	O
approach	O
is	O
taken	O
and	O
MSPs	O
such	O
as	O
Bayes	O
information	O
criterion	O
or	O
the	O
Wald	B-KEY
test	I-KEY
on	O
source	O
amplitudes	O
are	O
recommended	O
if	O
a	O
more	O
liberal	O
approach	O
is	O
desirable	O
.	O
The	O
MSPs	O
are	O
applied	O
to	O
empirical	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
visual	B-KEY
evoked	I-KEY
fields	I-KEY
-RRB-	O

State-of-the-art	O
in	O
orthopaedic	B-KEY
surgical	I-KEY
navigation	I-KEY
with	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
medical	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
modalities	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
surgical	O
navigation	O
systems	O
in	O
orthopaedics	O
and	O
categorizes	O
these	O
systems	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
image	O
modalities	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
visualization	O
of	O
surgical	O
action	O
.	O
Medical	O
images	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
essential	O
part	O
of	O
surgical	B-KEY
education	I-KEY
and	O
documentation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
operation	O
planning	O
over	O
many	O
years	O
.	O
With	O
the	O
recent	O
introduction	O
of	O
navigation	O
techniques	O
in	O
orthopaedic	O
surgery	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
field	O
of	O
application	O
has	O
been	O
opened	O
.	O
Today	O
surgical	O
navigation	O
systems	O
-	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
image-guided	B-KEY
surgery	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
-	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
various	O
applications	O
in	O
orthopaedic	O
surgery	O
.	O
They	O
visualize	O
the	O
position	O
and	O
orientation	O
of	O
surgical	B-KEY
instruments	I-KEY
as	O
graphical	B-KEY
overlays	I-KEY
onto	O
a	O
medical	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
operated	O
anatomy	O
on	O
a	O
computer	B-KEY
monitor	I-KEY
.	O
Preoperative	O
image	O
data	O
such	O
as	O
computed	B-KEY
tomography	I-KEY
scans	I-KEY
or	O
intra	B-KEY
operatively	I-KEY
generated	I-KEY
images	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
ultrasonic	O
,	O
endoscopic	O
or	O
fluoroscopic	O
images	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
suitable	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
.	O
A	O
new	O
category	O
of	O
medical	O
images	O
termed	O
`	O
surgeon-defined	B-KEY
anatomy	I-KEY
'	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
that	O
exclusively	O
relies	O
upon	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
navigation	O
technology	O
.	O
Points	O
on	O
the	O
anatomy	O
are	O
digitized	O
interactively	O
by	O
the	O
surgeon	O
and	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
an	O
abstract	B-KEY
geometrical	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
bony	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
to	O
be	O
operated	O
on	O
.	O
This	O
technique	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
when	O
no	O
other	O
image	O
data	O
is	O
available	O
or	O
appropriate	O
for	O
a	O
given	O
application	O

WEXTOR	B-KEY
:	O
a	O
Web-based	B-KEY
tool	I-KEY
for	O
generating	O
and	O
visualizing	O
experimental	O
designs	O
and	O
procedures	O
WEXTOR	B-KEY
is	O
a	O
Javascript-based	B-KEY
experiment	I-KEY
generator	I-KEY
and	O
teaching	B-KEY
tool	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
World	B-KEY
Wide	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
laboratory	O
and	O
Web	O
experiments	O
in	O
a	O
guided	O
step-by-step	O
process	O
.	O
It	O
dynamically	O
creates	O
the	O
customized	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
pages	I-KEY
and	O
Javascripts	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
experimental	O
procedure	O
and	O
provides	O
experimenters	O
with	O
a	O
print-ready	B-KEY
visual	I-KEY
display	I-KEY
of	O
their	O
experimental	O
design	O
.	O
WEXTOR	B-KEY
flexibly	O
supports	O
complete	O
and	O
incomplete	O
factorial	B-KEY
designs	I-KEY
with	O
between-subjects	O
,	O
within-subjects	O
,	O
and	O
quasi-experimental	O
factors	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mixed	O
designs	O
.	O
The	O
software	O
implements	O
client-side	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
measurement	I-KEY
and	O
contains	O
a	O
content	B-KEY
wizard	I-KEY
for	O
creating	O
interactive	O
materials	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
dependent	O
measures	O
-LRB-	O
graphical	O
scales	O
,	O
multiple-choice	O
items	O
,	O
etc.	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
experiment	O
pages	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
aim	O
to	O
replace	O
a	O
full-fledged	O
HTML	B-KEY
editor	O
.	O
Several	O
methodological	O
features	O
specifically	O
needed	O
in	O
Web	O
experimental	O
design	O
have	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
the	O
Web-based	B-KEY
tool	I-KEY
and	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O
WEXTOR	B-KEY
is	O
platform	O
independent	O
.	O
The	O
created	O
Web	O
pages	O
can	O
be	O
uploaded	O
to	O
any	O
type	O
of	O
Web	B-KEY
server	I-KEY
in	O
which	O
data	O
may	O
be	O
recorded	O
in	O
logfiles	B-KEY
or	O
via	O
a	O
database	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
current	O
version	O
of	O
WEXTOR	B-KEY
is	O
freely	O
available	O
for	O
educational	O
and	O
noncommercial	O
purposes	O
.	O
Its	O
Web	O
address	O
is	O
http://www.genpsylab.unizh.ch/wextor/index.html	O

Strong	B-KEY
active	I-KEY
solution	I-KEY
in	O
non-cooperative	O
games	O
For	O
the	O
non-cooperative	O
games	O
and	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
accepting	O
or	O
rejecting	O
a	O
proposal	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
notion	O
of	O
equilibrium	O
was	O
proposed	O
,	O
its	O
place	O
among	O
the	O
known	O
basic	O
equilibria	O
was	O
established	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
application	O
to	O
the	O
static	O
and	O
dynamic	B-KEY
game	I-KEY
problems	I-KEY
was	O
demonstrated	O

Blitzograms	B-KEY
-	O
interactive	O
histograms	B-KEY
As	O
computers	O
become	O
ever	O
faster	O
,	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
procedures	O
that	O
were	O
once	O
viewed	O
as	O
iterative	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
become	O
instantaneous	O
.	O
The	O
blitzogram	B-KEY
is	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
this	O
trend	O
to	O
histograms	B-KEY
,	O
which	O
the	O
author	O
hopes	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
tacit	O
understanding	O
of	O
probability	B-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
among	O
both	O
students	O
and	O
managers	O
.	O
And	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
an	O
academic	O
exercise	O
.	O
Commercial	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
simulation	O
packages	O
like	O
@RISK	O
and	O
Crystal	O
Ball	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
INSIGHT.xla	O
are	O
widely	O
available	O

The	O
p-p	B-KEY
rearrangement	I-KEY
and	O
failure-tolerance	B-KEY
of	O
double	B-KEY
p-ary	I-KEY
multirings	I-KEY
and	O
generalized	B-KEY
hypercubes	I-KEY
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
grouped	O
p-element	B-KEY
permutation	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
conflict-free	O
way	O
through	O
the	O
commutation	B-KEY
of	O
channels	O
on	O
the	O
double	B-KEY
p-ary	I-KEY
multiring	I-KEY
or	O
the	O
double	O
p-ary	O
hypercube	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
revealed	O
that	O
in	O
arbitrary	O
single-element	B-KEY
permutations	I-KEY
,	O
these	O
commutators	B-KEY
display	O
the	O
property	O
of	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
p-1	O
-RRB-	O
-	O
nodal	O
failure-tolerance	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
generalized	B-KEY
hypercube	I-KEY
displays	O
in	O
addition	O
the	O
property	O
of	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
p-1	O
-RRB-	O
-	O
channel	O
failure-tolerance	B-KEY

Descriptological	B-KEY
foundations	I-KEY
of	O
programming	B-KEY
Descriptological	B-KEY
foundations	I-KEY
of	O
programming	B-KEY
are	O
constructed	O
.	O
An	O
explication	O
of	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
descriptive	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
is	O
given	O
.	O
The	O
operations	O
of	O
introduction	O
and	O
elimination	O
of	O
abstraction	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
processes	O
are	O
refined	O
.	O
An	O
intensional	B-KEY
concept	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
bipolar	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
is	O
introduced	O
.	O
An	O
explication	O
of	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
introduction	O
and	O
extraction	O
of	O
abstraction	O
at	O
the	O
bipole	B-KEY
level	I-KEY
is	O
given	O
.	O
On	O
this	O
basis	O
,	O
a	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
descriptological	O
operations	O
is	O
constructed	O

Three-dimensional	B-KEY
geometrical	I-KEY
optics	I-KEY
code	O
for	O
indoor	B-KEY
propagation	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
program	O
,	O
GO	O
3D	O
,	O
for	O
computing	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
a	O
transmitter	B-KEY
in	O
an	O
indoor	O
environment	O
using	O
geometrical	O
optics	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
uses	O
an	O
``	O
image	O
tree	O
''	O
data	O
structure	O
to	O
construct	O
the	O
images	O
needed	O
to	O
compute	O
all	O
the	O
rays	O
carrying	O
fields	O
above	O
a	O
preset	O
``	O
threshold	O
''	O
value	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
many	O
reflections	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
briefly	O
describes	O
the	O
input	O
file	O
required	O
to	O
define	O
wall	B-KEY
construction	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
floor	B-KEY
plan	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
transmitter	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
receiver	B-KEY
locations	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
case	O
study	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
long	O
corridor	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
room	O
on	O
one	O
side	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
GO	O
3D	O
program	O

Lower	B-KEY
bounds	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
rate	I-KEY
of	O
secret	B-KEY
sharing	I-KEY
schemes	I-KEY
with	O
homogeneous	B-KEY
access	I-KEY
structure	I-KEY
We	O
present	O
some	O
new	O
lower	B-KEY
bounds	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
rate	I-KEY
and	O
on	O
the	O
optimal	O
average	O
information	O
rate	O
of	O
secret	O
sharing	O
schemes	O
with	O
homogeneous	O
access	O
structure	O
.	O
These	O
bounds	O
are	O
found	O
by	O
using	O
some	O
covering	O
constructions	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
parameter	O
,	O
the	O
k-degree	B-KEY
of	O
a	O
participant	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
introduced	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O
Our	O
bounds	O
improve	O
the	O
previous	O
ones	O
in	O
almost	O
all	O
cases	O

All-optical	O
XOR	O
gate	O
using	O
semiconductor	B-KEY
optical	I-KEY
amplifiers	I-KEY
without	O
additional	O
input	O
beam	O
The	O
novel	O
design	B-KEY
of	O
an	O
all-optical	O
XOR	O
gate	O
by	O
using	O
cross-gain	B-KEY
modulation	I-KEY
of	O
semiconductor	B-KEY
optical	I-KEY
amplifiers	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
successfully	O
at	O
10	O
Gb/s	O
.	O
Boolean	O
AB	O
and	O
AB	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
input	O
signals	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
have	O
been	O
obtained	O
and	O
combined	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
all-optical	O
XOR	O
gate	O
.	O
No	O
additional	O
input	O
beam	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
clock	O
signal	O
or	O
continuous	O
wave	O
light	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
this	O
new	O
design	B-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
required	O
in	O
other	O
all-optical	O
XOR	O
gates	O

The	O
two	O
populations	B-KEY
'	O
cellular	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
with	O
predation	B-KEY
based	O
on	O
the	O
Penna	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
In	O
Penna	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1995	O
-RRB-	O
single-species	B-KEY
asexual	I-KEY
bit-string	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
biological	B-KEY
ageing	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
Verhulst	B-KEY
factor	I-KEY
has	O
too	O
strong	O
a	O
restraining	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
population	B-KEY
.	O
Danuta	O
Makowiec	O
gave	O
an	O
improved	O
model	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
lattice	B-KEY
,	O
where	O
the	O
restraining	O
factor	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
neighbours	O
take	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
Verhulst	B-KEY
factor	I-KEY
.	O
Here	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
two	O
populations	B-KEY
'	O
Penna	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
with	O
predation	B-KEY
on	O
the	O
planar	O
lattice	B-KEY
of	O
two	O
dimensions	O
.	O
A	O
cellular	B-KEY
automata	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
containing	O
movable	O
wolves	B-KEY
and	O
sheep	B-KEY
has	O
been	O
built	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
quantity	O
of	O
the	O
wolves	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
sheep	B-KEY
fluctuate	B-KEY
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
law	O
that	O
one	O
quantity	O
increases	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
decreases	O

Novel	O
denoising	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
obtaining	O
a	O
superresolved	B-KEY
position	I-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
We	O
present	O
a	O
new	O
algorithm	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
randomness	O
of	O
the	O
noise	O
pattern	O
to	O
achieve	O
high	B-KEY
positioning	I-KEY
accuracy	I-KEY
by	O
applying	O
a	O
modified	B-KEY
averaging	I-KEY
operation	I-KEY
.	O
Using	O
the	O
suggested	O
approach	O
,	O
noise	B-KEY
sensitivity	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
positioning	O
accuracy	O
can	O
be	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
.	O
This	O
new	O
improved	O
algorithm	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
performances	O
of	O
tracking	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
used	O
for	O
military	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
civil	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
concept	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
theoretically	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
by	O
optical	B-KEY
experiment	I-KEY

Pane	O
relief	O
.	O
Robotic	O
solutions	O
for	O
car	O
windshield	O
assembly	O
Just	O
looking	O
through	O
a	O
car	O
's	O
windshield	O
does	O
n't	O
give	O
us	O
much	O
reason	O
to	O
wonder	O
about	O
how	O
it	O
's	O
made	O
.	O
The	O
idea	O
that	O
special	O
manufacturing	B-KEY
expertise	I-KEY
might	O
be	O
required	O
can	O
hardly	O
occur	O
to	O
anyone	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
's	O
exactly	O
what	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
ensure	O
crystal-clear	O
visibility	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
mention	O
a	O
perfect	O
fit	O
every	O
time	O
one	O
is	O
pressed	O
into	O
place	O
on	O
a	O
car	O
production	B-KEY
line	O
.	O
Comprising	O
two	O
thin	O
glass	O
sheets	O
joined	O
by	O
a	O
vinyl	O
interlayer	O
,	O
windshields	O
are	O
assembled-usually	O
manually-to	O
very	O
precise	O
product	B-KEY
and	O
environmental	O
specifications	O
.	O
To	O
make	O
sure	O
this	O
is	O
done	O
as	O
perfectly	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
the	O
industry	O
invests	O
heavily	O
in	O
the	O
equipment	O
used	O
for	O
their	O
fabrication	O
.	O
ABB	B-KEY
has	O
now	O
developed	O
a	O
robot-based	O
Compact	B-KEY
Assembling	I-KEY
System	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
automatic	O
assembly	O
of	O
laminated	O
windshields	O
that	O
speeds	O
up	O
production	B-KEY
and	O
increases	O
cost	B-KEY
efficiency	I-KEY

Re-examining	O
the	O
machining	B-KEY
frictional	I-KEY
boundary	I-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
using	O
fractals	B-KEY
Presents	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
non-Euclidean	O
contact	B-KEY
geometry	I-KEY
at	O
the	O
tool-chip	B-KEY
interface	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
machining	O
of	O
aluminium	B-KEY
alloy	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
challenges	O
conventional	O
assumptions	O
.	O
The	O
geometry	O
of	O
contact	O
at	O
the	O
tool	B-KEY
rake	I-KEY
face	I-KEY
is	O
modelled	O
using	O
fractals	B-KEY
and	O
a	O
dimension	O
is	O
computed	O
for	O
its	O
description	O
.	O
The	O
variation	O
in	O
the	O
fractal	B-KEY
dimension	O
with	O
the	O
cutting	B-KEY
speed	I-KEY
is	O
explored	O

MACLP	O
:	O
multi	B-KEY
agent	I-KEY
constraint	I-KEY
logic	I-KEY
programming	I-KEY
Multi	B-KEY
agent	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MAS	O
-RRB-	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
key	O
technology	O
for	O
decomposing	O
complex	O
problems	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
solve	O
them	O
more	O
efficiently	O
,	O
or	O
for	O
problems	O
distributed	O
in	O
nature	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
many	O
industrial	O
applications	O
,	O
besides	O
their	O
distributed	O
nature	O
,	O
also	O
involve	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
parameters	B-KEY
and	O
constraints	O
,	O
i.e.	O
they	O
are	O
combinatorial	O
.	O
Solving	O
such	O
particularly	O
hard	B-KEY
problems	I-KEY
efficiently	O
requires	O
programming	O
tools	O
that	O
combine	O
MAS	O
technology	O
with	O
a	O
programming	O
schema	O
that	O
facilitates	O
the	O
modeling	O
and	O
solution	O
of	O
constraints	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
MACLP	O
-LRB-	O
multi	B-KEY
agent	I-KEY
constraint	I-KEY
logic	I-KEY
programming	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
logic	O
programming	O
platform	O
for	O
building	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
declarative	O
way	O
,	O
multi	B-KEY
agent	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
constraint-solving	O
capabilities	O
.	O
MACLP	O
extends	O
CSPCONS	O
,	O
a	O
logic	O
programming	O
system	O
that	O
permits	O
distributed	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
execution	I-KEY
through	O
communicating	B-KEY
sequential	I-KEY
Prolog	I-KEY
processes	I-KEY
with	O
constraints	O
,	O
by	O
providing	O
all	O
the	O
necessary	O
facilities	O
for	O
communication	O
between	O
agents	O
.	O
These	O
facilities	O
abstract	O
from	O
the	O
programmer	O
all	O
the	O
low-level	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
communication	O
and	O
allow	O
him	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
agent	O
itself	O

Modeling	O
the	O
labor	O
market	O
as	O
an	O
evolving	O
institution	O
:	O
model	O
ARTEMIS	O
A	O
stylized	O
French	B-KEY
labor	I-KEY
market	I-KEY
is	O
modeled	O
as	O
an	O
endogenously	B-KEY
evolving	I-KEY
institution	I-KEY
.	O
Boundedly	O
rational	O
firms	O
and	O
individuals	O
strive	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
cost	O
or	O
increase	O
utility	O
.	O
The	O
labor	O
market	O
is	O
coordinated	O
by	O
a	O
search	O
process	O
and	O
decentralized	O
setting	O
of	O
hiring	O
standards	O
,	O
but	O
intermediaries	O
can	O
speed	O
up	O
matching	O
.	O
The	O
model	O
reproduces	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
gross	O
flows	O
and	O
spectacular	B-KEY
changes	I-KEY
in	O
mobility	B-KEY
patterns	I-KEY
of	O
some	O
demographic	B-KEY
groups	I-KEY
when	O
the	O
oil	O
crisis	O
in	O
the	O
1970	O
's	O
occurred	O
,	O
notably	O
the	O
sudden	O
decline	O
of	O
the	O
integration	O
in	O
good	O
jobs	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
internal	O
labor	O
markets	O
of	O
large	O
firms	O
are	O
shown	O
to	O
increase	O
unemployment	O
if	O
the	O
secondary	O
-LRB-	O
temporary	O
or	O
bad	O
-RRB-	O
jobs	B-KEY
do	O
not	O
exist	O

A	O
comparison	O
of	O
computational	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
constancy	I-KEY
Algorithms	I-KEY
.	O
II	O
.	O
Experiments	O
with	O
image	B-KEY
data	O
For	O
pt.I	O
see	O
ibid.	O
,	O
vol	O
.	O
11	O
,	O
no.	O
9	O
,	O
p.972-84	O
-LRB-	O
2002	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
We	O
test	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
computational	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
constancy	I-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
using	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
set	O
of	O
images	B-KEY
.	O
These	O
were	O
of	O
33	O
different	O
scenes	O
under	O
11	O
different	O
sources	O
representative	O
of	O
common	O
illumination	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
algorithms	O
studied	O
include	O
two	O
gray	B-KEY
world	I-KEY
methods	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Retinex	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
several	O
variants	O
of	O
Forsyth	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1990	O
-RRB-	O
gamut-mapping	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
Cardei	O
et	O
al.	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
neural	B-KEY
net	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
Finlayson	O
et	O
al.	O
's	O
color	B-KEY
by	I-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Finlayson	O
et	O
al.	O
1997	O
,	O
2001	O
;	O
Hubel	O
and	O
Finlayson	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
We	O
discuss	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
issues	O
in	O
applying	O
color	O
constancy	O
ideas	O
to	O
image	B-KEY
data	O
,	O
and	O
study	O
in	O
depth	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
different	O
preprocessing	O
strategies	O
.	O
We	O
compare	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
algorithms	O
on	O
image	B-KEY
data	O
with	O
their	O
performance	O
on	O
synthesized	O
data	O
.	O
All	O
data	O
used	O
for	O
this	O
study	O
are	O
available	O
online	O
at	O
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/data	O
,	O
and	O
implementations	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
algorithms	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
-LRB-	O
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/code	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Experiments	O
with	O
synthesized	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
part	O
one	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
-RRB-	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
methods	O
which	O
emphasize	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
input	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
statistics	I-KEY
,	O
specifically	O
color	O
by	O
correlation	O
and	O
the	O
neural	O
net	O
algorithm	O
,	O
are	O
potentially	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
at	O
estimating	O
the	O
chromaticity	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
scene	B-KEY
illuminant	I-KEY
.	O
Unfortunately	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
realize	O
comparable	O
performance	O
on	O
real	O
images	B-KEY
.	O
Here	O
exploiting	O
pixel	B-KEY
intensity	I-KEY
proved	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
beneficial	O
than	O
exploiting	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
image	B-KEY
chromaticity	B-KEY
statistics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
three-dimensional	O
-LRB-	O
3-D	O
-RRB-	O
gamut-mapping	O
algorithms	O
gave	O
the	O
best	O
performance	O

Teaching	O
psychology	O
as	O
a	O
laboratory	B-KEY
science	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
For	O
over	O
30	O
years	O
,	O
psychologists	O
have	O
relied	O
on	O
computers	B-KEY
to	O
teach	O
experimental	O
psychology	O
.	O
With	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
experiment	O
generators	O
,	O
students	O
can	O
create	O
well-designed	B-KEY
experiments	I-KEY
and	O
can	O
test	O
sophisticated	O
hypotheses	O
from	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
their	O
undergraduate	B-KEY
training	I-KEY
.	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
new	O
Net-based	B-KEY
experiment	I-KEY
generators	I-KEY
are	O
discussed	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
traditional	O
stand-alone	B-KEY
generators	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
call	O
is	O
made	O
to	O
formally	O
evaluate	O
the	O
instructional	B-KEY
effectiveness	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
experiment	O
generators	O
now	O
available	O
.	O
Specifically	O
,	O
software	B-KEY
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
known	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
outcomes	I-KEY
,	O
using	O
appropriate	O
control	B-KEY
groups	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
many	O
inherent	O
differences	O
between	O
any	O
two	O
software	B-KEY
programs	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
clear	O
.	O
The	O
teacher	O
's	O
instructional	O
method	O
should	O
be	O
fully	O
described	O
and	O
held	O
constant	O
between	O
comparisons	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
the	O
often	O
complex	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
teacher	O
's	O
instructional	O
method	O
and	O
the	O
pedagogical	B-KEY
details	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
software	B-KEY
must	O
be	O
considered	O

Customer	B-KEY
in-reach	I-KEY
and	O
library	B-KEY
strategic	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
:	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
ILLiad	B-KEY
Libraries	O
have	O
walls	O
.	O
Recognizing	O
this	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
Interlibrary	B-KEY
Loan	I-KEY
Department	I-KEY
at	O
Virginia	B-KEY
Tech	I-KEY
is	O
creating	O
systems	O
and	O
services	O
that	O
enable	O
our	O
customers	O
to	O
reach	O
past	O
our	O
walls	O
at	O
anytime	O
from	O
anywhere	O
.	O
Customer	B-KEY
in-reach	I-KEY
enables	O
Virginia	B-KEY
Tech	I-KEY
faculty	O
,	O
students	O
,	O
and	O
staff	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
obtain	O
information	O
and	O
services	O
heretofore	O
available	O
only	O
to	O
our	O
on-campus	O
customers	O
.	O
ILLiad	B-KEY
,	O
Virginia	B-KEY
Tech	I-KEY
's	O
interlibrary	B-KEY
borrowing	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
,	O
is	O
the	O
library	B-KEY
strategic	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
that	O
attains	O
this	O
goal	O
.	O
The	O
principles	O
that	O
guided	O
development	O
of	O
ILLiad	B-KEY
are	O
widely	O
applicable	O

Modeling	O
privacy	B-KEY
control	O
in	O
context-aware	O
systems	O
Significant	O
complexity	O
issues	O
challenge	O
designers	O
of	O
context-aware	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
privacy	B-KEY
control	O
.	O
Information	O
spaces	O
provide	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
organize	O
information	O
,	O
resources	O
,	O
and	O
services	O
around	O
important	O
privacy-relevant	O
contextual	O
factors	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
theoretical	O
model	O
for	O
privacy	B-KEY
control	O
in	O
context-aware	O
systems	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
core	O
abstraction	O
of	O
information	O
spaces	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
previously	O
focused	O
on	O
deriving	O
socially	O
based	O
privacy	B-KEY
objectives	O
in	O
pervasive	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
environments	O
.	O
Building	O
on	O
Ravi	O
Sandhu	O
's	O
four-layer	O
OM-AM	O
-LRB-	O
objectives	O
,	O
models	O
,	O
architectures	O
,	O
and	O
mechanisms	O
-RRB-	O
idea	O
,	O
we	O
aim	O
to	O
use	O
information	O
spaces	O
to	O
construct	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
privacy	B-KEY
control	O
that	O
supports	O
our	O
socially	O
based	O
privacy	O
objectives	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
discuss	O
how	O
we	O
can	O
introduce	O
decentralization	O
,	O
a	O
desirable	O
property	O
for	O
many	O
pervasive	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
systems	O
,	O
into	O
our	O
information	O
space	O
model	O
,	O
using	O
unified	O
privacy	B-KEY
tagging	O

Assessment	O
of	O
the	O
macrocyclic	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
complexation	B-KEY
of	O
crown-ethers	B-KEY
with	O
alkali	B-KEY
cations	I-KEY
using	O
the	O
substructural	B-KEY
molecular	I-KEY
fragments	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
The	O
Substructural	B-KEY
Molecular	I-KEY
Fragments	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Solov	O
`	O
ev	O
,	O
V.	O
P.	O
;	O
Varnek	O
,	O
A.	O
A.	O
;	O
Wipff	O
,	O
G.	O
J.	O
Chem	O
.	O
Inf	O
.	O
Comput	O
.	O
Sci	O
.	O
2000	O
,	O
40	O
,	O
847-858	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
assess	O
stability	B-KEY
constants	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
logK	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	O
complexes	B-KEY
of	O
crown-ethers	B-KEY
,	O
polyethers	O
,	O
and	O
glymes	O
with	O
Na/sup	O
+	O
/	O
,	O
K/sup	O
+	O
/	O
,	O
and	O
Cs/sup	O
+	O
/	O
in	O
methanol	O
.	O
One	O
hundred	O
forty-seven	O
computational	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
including	O
different	B-KEY
fragment	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
coupled	O
with	O
linear	O
or	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
fitting	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
were	O
applied	O
for	O
the	O
data	O
sets	O
containing	O
69	O
-LRB-	O
Na/sup	O
+	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
123	O
-LRB-	O
K/sup	O
+	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
31	O
-LRB-	O
Cs/sup	O
+	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
compounds	O
.	O
To	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
macrocyclic	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
''	O
for	O
crown-ethers	B-KEY
,	O
an	O
additional	O
``	O
cyclicity	O
''	O
descriptor	O
was	O
used	O
.	O
``	O
Predicted	O
''	O
stability	B-KEY
constants	I-KEY
both	O
for	O
macrocyclic	O
compounds	O
and	O
for	O
their	O
open-chain	B-KEY
analogues	I-KEY
are	O
in	O
good	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
experimental	O
data	O
reported	O
earlier	O
and	O
with	O
those	O
studied	O
experimentally	O
in	O
this	O
work	O
.	O
The	O
macrocyclic	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
as	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
cation	O
and	O
ligand	O
is	O
quantitatively	O
estimated	O
for	O
all	O
studied	O
crown-ethers	B-KEY

Open	B-KEY
courseware	I-KEY
and	O
shared	B-KEY
knowledge	I-KEY
in	O
higher	B-KEY
education	I-KEY
Most	O
college	B-KEY
and	O
university	B-KEY
campuses	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
developed	O
world	O
today	O
maintain	O
one	O
,	O
two	O
,	O
or	O
several	O
learning	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
LMSs	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
courseware	O
products	O
that	O
provide	O
students	O
and	O
faculty	O
with	O
Web-based	O
tools	O
to	O
manage	O
course-related	O
applications	O
.	O
Since	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
two	O
predominant	O
models	O
of	O
Web	B-KEY
courseware	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
have	O
emerged	O
:	O
commercial	O
and	O
noncommercial	O
.	O
Some	O
of	O
the	O
commercial	B-KEY
products	I-KEY
available	O
today	O
were	O
created	O
in	O
academia	O
as	O
noncommercial	O
but	O
have	O
since	O
become	O
commercially	O
encumbered	O
.	O
Other	O
products	O
remain	O
noncommercial	O
but	O
are	O
struggling	O
to	O
survive	O
in	O
a	O
world	O
of	O
fierce	O
commercial	O
competition	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
argues	O
for	O
an	O
ethics	B-KEY
of	O
pedagogy	O
in	O
higher	B-KEY
education	I-KEY
that	O
would	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
guiding	O
assumptions	O
of	O
the	O
non-proprietary	O
,	O
peer-to-peer	O
,	O
open-source	B-KEY
software	I-KEY
movement	O

Prospecting	O
virtual	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
Virtual	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
are	O
a	O
distinct	O
sub-species	O
of	O
digital	B-KEY
collections	O
and	O
digital	O
archives	O
.	O
Archivists	B-KEY
and	O
curators	B-KEY
as	O
archivists	B-KEY
and	O
curators	B-KEY
do	O
not	O
construct	O
virtual	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
;	O
rather	O
they	O
enable	O
virtual	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
through	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
descriptive	O
and	O
other	O
standards	O
.	O
Virtual	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
are	O
constructed	O
by	O
end	B-KEY
users	I-KEY

Block	O
truncation	O
image	B-KEY
bit	I-KEY
plane	I-KEY
coding	I-KEY
Block	B-KEY
truncation	I-KEY
coding	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
BTC	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
a	O
successful	O
image	B-KEY
compression	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
due	O
to	O
its	O
simple	O
and	O
fast	O
computational	O
burden	O
.	O
The	O
bit	B-KEY
rate	I-KEY
is	O
fixed	O
to	O
2.0	O
bits/pixel	O
,	O
whose	O
performance	B-KEY
is	O
moderate	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
compression	B-KEY
ratio	I-KEY
compared	O
to	O
other	O
compression	O
schemes	O
such	O
as	O
discrete	O
cosine	O
transform	O
-LRB-	O
DCT	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
vector	O
quantization	O
-LRB-	O
VQ	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
wavelet	O
transform	O
coding	O
-LRB-	O
WTC	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
etc.	O
.	O
Two	O
kinds	O
of	O
overheads	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
BTC	O
coding	O
:	O
bit	O
plane	O
and	O
quantization	B-KEY
values	I-KEY
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
A	O
new	O
technique	O
is	O
presented	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
bit	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
overhead	I-KEY
.	O
Conventional	O
bit	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
overhead	I-KEY
is	O
1.0	O
bits/pixel	O
;	O
we	O
decrease	O
it	O
to	O
0.734	O
bits/pixel	O
while	O
maintaining	O
the	O
same	O
decoded	B-KEY
quality	I-KEY
as	O
absolute	B-KEY
moment	I-KEY
BTC	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
AMBTC	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
does	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
Lena	O
''	O
image	O
.	O
Compared	O
to	O
other	O
published	O
bit	O
plane	O
coding	O
strategies	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
outperforms	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
methods	O

Knowledge-based	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
and	O
organisational	B-KEY
commitment	I-KEY
Organisational	B-KEY
commitment	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
emotional	B-KEY
attachment	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
employee	O
to	O
the	O
employing	O
organisation	O
,	O
has	O
attracted	O
a	O
substantial	O
body	O
of	O
literature	O
,	O
relating	O
the	O
concept	O
to	O
various	O
antecedents	O
,	O
including	O
organisational	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
consequences	O
,	O
including	O
financially	O
important	O
performance	B-KEY
factors	I-KEY
such	O
as	O
productivity	B-KEY
and	O
staff	B-KEY
turnover	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
new	O
areas	O
of	O
knowledge	O
management	O
and	O
learning	O
organisations	O
offer	O
substantial	O
promise	O
as	O
imperatives	O
for	O
the	O
organisation	O
of	O
business	O
enterprises	O
.	O
As	O
organisations	O
in	O
the	O
contemporary	O
environment	O
adopt	O
knowledge-based	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
to	O
improve	O
their	O
competitive	O
position	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
value	O
in	O
examining	O
these	O
structures	O
against	O
other	O
performance	O
related	O
factors	O
.	O
Theoretical	O
knowledge-based	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
put	O
forward	O
by	O
R.	O
Miles	O
et	O
al.	O
-LRB-	O
1997	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
J.	O
Quinn	O
et	O
al.	O
-LRB-	O
1996	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
an	O
existing	O
implementation	O
are	O
examined	O
to	O
determine	O
common	O
features	O
inherent	O
in	O
these	O
approaches	O
.	O
These	O
features	O
are	O
posited	O
as	O
a	O
typical	O
form	O
and	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
organisational	B-KEY
commitment	I-KEY
and	O
hence	O
on	O
individual	O
and	O
organisational	O
performance	O
is	O
examined	O

Prospects	O
for	O
quantitative	B-KEY
computed	I-KEY
tomography	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
foreign	B-KEY
metal	I-KEY
bodies	I-KEY
using	O
statistical	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
reconstruction	I-KEY
X-ray	O
computed	O
tomography	O
-LRB-	O
CT	O
-RRB-	O
images	O
of	O
patients	O
bearing	O
metal	O
intracavitary	O
applicators	O
or	O
other	O
metal	O
foreign	O
objects	O
exhibit	O
severe	O
artifacts	O
including	O
streaks	O
and	O
aliasing	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
systematically	O
evaluated	O
via	O
computer	O
simulations	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
scattered	B-KEY
radiation	O
,	O
the	O
polyenergetic	O
spectrum	O
,	O
and	O
measurement	O
noise	B-KEY
on	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
three	O
reconstruction	O
algorithms	O
:	O
conventional	O
filtered	B-KEY
backprojection	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
FBP	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
deterministic	B-KEY
iterative	I-KEY
deblurring	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
iterative	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
,	O
alternating	B-KEY
minimization	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
AM	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
CT	B-KEY
detector	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
that	O
includes	O
noise	B-KEY
,	O
scatter	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
polyenergetic	B-KEY
spectra	I-KEY
.	O
Contrary	O
to	O
the	O
dominant	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
,	O
FBP	O
streaking	O
artifacts	O
are	O
due	O
mostly	O
to	O
mismatches	O
between	O
FBP	O
's	O
simplified	O
model	O
of	O
CT	O
detector	O
response	O
and	O
the	O
physical	O
process	O
of	O
signal	O
acquisition	O
.	O
Artifacts	O
on	O
AM	O
images	O
are	O
significantly	O
mitigated	O
as	O
this	O
algorithm	O
substantially	O
reduces	O
detector-model	O
mismatches	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
metal	O
artifacts	O
are	O
reduced	O
to	O
acceptable	O
levels	O
only	O
when	O
prior	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
metal	O
object	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
,	O
including	O
its	O
pose	O
,	O
shape	O
,	O
and	O
attenuation	O
map	O
,	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
constrain	O
AM	O
's	O
iterations	O
.	O
AM	O
image	O
reconstruction	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
object-constrained	B-KEY
CT	I-KEY
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
pose	O
of	O
metal	O
objects	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
approach	O
for	O
effectively	O
mitigating	O
metal	O
artifacts	O
and	O
making	O
quantitative	O
estimation	O
of	O
tissue	O
attenuation	O
coefficients	O
a	O
clinical	B-KEY
possibility	I-KEY

International	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
consortia	I-KEY
:	O
positive	O
starts	O
,	O
promising	O
futures	O
Library	O
consortia	O
have	O
grown	O
substantially	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
ten	O
years	O
,	O
both	O
within	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
globally	O
.	O
As	O
this	O
resurgent	O
consortial	O
movement	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
mature	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
publishers	O
and	O
vendors	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
consortial	B-KEY
purchasing	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
,	O
consortia	O
have	O
expanded	O
their	O
agendas	O
for	O
action	O
.	O
The	O
movement	O
to	O
globalize	O
consortia	O
is	O
traced	O
-LRB-	O
including	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
current	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
International	O
Coalition	O
of	O
Library	O
Consortia-ICOLC	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
A	O
methodology	O
is	O
explored	O
to	O
classify	O
library	O
consortia	O
by	O
articulating	O
the	O
key	O
factors	O
that	O
affect	O
and	O
distinguish	O
consortia	O
as	O
organizations	O
within	O
three	O
major	O
areas	O
:	O
strategic	O
,	O
tactical	O
,	O
and	O
practical	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
managerial	O
-RRB-	O
concerns	O
.	O
Common	O
consortial	O
values	O
are	O
examined	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
known	O
international	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
consortia	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O

Verifying	O
resonant	O
grounding	O
in	O
distribution	O
systems	O
The	O
authors	O
describe	O
RESFAL	O
,	O
a	O
software	O
tool	O
that	O
can	O
check	O
on	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
distribution	O
network	O
resonant	B-KEY
grounding	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
regard	O
to	O
compensation	B-KEY
coil	I-KEY
tuning	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
fault	B-KEY
detection	I-KEY

Quantum	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
with	O
solids	O
Science	O
and	O
technology	O
could	O
be	O
revolutionized	O
by	O
quantum	B-KEY
computers	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
building	O
them	O
from	O
solid-state	B-KEY
devices	I-KEY
will	O
not	O
be	O
easy	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
outlines	O
the	O
challenges	O
in	O
scaling	O
up	O
the	O
technology	O
from	O
lab	O
experiments	O
to	O
practical	O
devices	O

Lung	B-KEY
metastasis	I-KEY
detection	I-KEY
and	O
visualization	O
on	O
CT	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
knowledge-based	O
method	O
A	O
solution	O
to	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
lung	B-KEY
metastasis	I-KEY
detection	I-KEY
on	O
computed	B-KEY
tomography	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CT	O
-RRB-	O
scans	O
of	O
the	O
thorax	B-KEY
is	O
presented	O
.	O
A	O
knowledge-based	B-KEY
top-down	I-KEY
approach	I-KEY
for	O
image	B-KEY
interpretation	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
.	O
The	O
method	O
is	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
manner	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
radiologist	O
and	O
radiotherapist	O
interpret	O
CT	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
before	O
radiotherapy	O
is	O
planned	O
.	O
A	O
two-dimensional	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
three-dimensional	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
is	O
performed	O
.	O
The	O
algorithm	O
first	O
detects	O
the	O
thorax	B-KEY
contour	O
,	O
the	O
lungs	O
and	O
the	O
ribs	O
,	O
which	O
further	O
help	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
metastases	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
tumors	O
are	O
detected	O
:	O
nodules	O
and	O
metastases	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
lung	O
extremities	O
.	O
A	O
method	O
to	O
visualize	O
the	O
anatomical	O
structures	O
segmented	O
is	O
also	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
was	O
tested	O
on	O
20	O
patients	O
-LRB-	O
988	O
total	O
images	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
the	O
Oncology	B-KEY
Department	O
of	O
La	O
Chaux-de-Fonds	O
Hospital	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
method	O
is	O
reliable	O
as	O
a	O
computer-aided	B-KEY
diagnostic	I-KEY
tool	I-KEY
for	O
clinical	O
purpose	O
in	O
an	O
oncology	B-KEY
department	O

Automation	O
of	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
efficiency	O
of	O
complex	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
Basic	O
features	O
are	O
set	O
forth	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
for	O
automation	O
of	O
the	O
serviceability	B-KEY
recovery	I-KEY
of	O
systems	O
of	O
complex	O
structures	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
without	O
the	O
interruption	O
of	O
operation	O
.	O
Specific	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
are	O
revealed	O
in	O
an	O
important	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
control	O
of	O
hardware	B-KEY
components	I-KEY
of	O
ships	B-KEY

Who	O
wants	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
$	O
million	O
error	O
?	O
Inspired	O
by	O
the	O
popular	O
television	O
show	O
``	O
Who	O
Wants	O
to	O
Be	O
a	O
Millionaire	O
?	O
''	O
,	O
this	O
case	O
discusses	O
the	O
monetary	O
decisions	O
contestants	O
face	O
on	O
a	O
game	O
consisting	O
of	O
15	O
increasingly	O
difficult	O
multiple	O
choice	O
questions	O
.	O
Since	O
the	O
game	O
continues	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
a	O
contestant	O
answers	O
correctly	O
,	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
at	O
its	O
core	O
,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
sequential	O
decision	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
,	O
amenable	O
to	O
analysis	O
via	O
stochastic	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
programming	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
case	O
is	O
also	O
suitable	O
for	O
a	O
course	O
dealing	O
with	O
single	O
decision	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
discussion	O
of	O
utility	O
theory	O
and	O
Bayesian	O
probability	O
revision	O
.	O
In	O
developing	O
a	O
story	O
line	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
has	O
sprinkled	O
in	O
much	O
background	O
material	O
on	O
probability	O
and	O
statistics	B-KEY
.	O
This	O
material	O
is	O
placed	O
in	O
a	O
historical	O
context	O
,	O
illuminating	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
influential	O
scholars	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
these	O
subjects	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
operations	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
management	O
sciences	O

ISCSI	B-KEY
poised	O
to	O
lower	O
SAN	B-KEY
costs	I-KEY
IT	O
managers	O
building	O
storage	B-KEY
area	I-KEY
networks	I-KEY
or	O
expanding	O
their	O
capacity	O
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
save	O
money	O
by	O
using	O
iSCSI	B-KEY
and	O
IP	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
rather	O
than	O
Fibre	O
Channel	O
technologies	O

Waiting	O
for	O
the	O
wave	O
to	O
crest	O
-LSB-	O
wavelength	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
Wavelength	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
have	O
been	O
hyped	O
ad	O
nauseam	O
for	O
years	O
.	O
But	O
despite	O
their	O
quick	O
turn-up	O
time	O
and	O
impressive	O
margins	O
,	O
such	O
services	O
have	O
yet	O
to	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
expectations	O
.	O
The	O
reasons	O
for	O
this	O
lukewarm	O
reception	O
are	O
many	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
least	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
confusion	O
that	O
still	O
surrounds	O
the	O
technology	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
industry	O
observers	O
are	O
still	O
convinced	O
that	O
wavelength	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
with	O
ultimately	O
flourish	O

Precoded	B-KEY
OFDM	I-KEY
with	O
adaptive	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
channel	I-KEY
allocation	I-KEY
for	O
scalable	B-KEY
video	I-KEY
transmission	I-KEY
over	O
frequency-selective	B-KEY
fading	I-KEY
channels	I-KEY
Orthogonal	B-KEY
frequency	I-KEY
division	I-KEY
multiplexing	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
OFDM	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
been	O
applied	O
in	O
broadband	O
wireline	O
and	O
wireless	O
systems	O
for	O
high	O
data	O
rate	O
transmission	O
where	O
severe	O
intersymbol	O
interference	O
-LRB-	O
ISI	O
-RRB-	O
always	O
occurs	O
.	O
The	O
conventional	O
OFDM	O
system	O
provides	O
advantages	O
through	O
conversion	O
of	O
an	O
ISI	B-KEY
channel	I-KEY
into	O
ISI-free	O
subchannels	O
at	O
multiple	O
frequency	O
bands	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
suffer	O
from	O
channel	B-KEY
spectral	I-KEY
nulls	I-KEY
and	O
heavy	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
rate	I-KEY
overhead	I-KEY
due	O
to	O
cyclic	O
prefix	O
insertion	O
.	O
Previously	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
OFDM	O
framework	O
,	O
the	O
precoded	B-KEY
OFDM	I-KEY
,	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
above	O
two	O
problems	O
through	O
precoding	O
and	O
conversion	O
of	O
an	O
ISI	B-KEY
channel	I-KEY
into	O
ISI-free	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
channels	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
consider	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
precoded	B-KEY
OFDM	I-KEY
system	O
to	O
efficient	O
scalable	B-KEY
video	I-KEY
transmission	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
propose	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
precoded	B-KEY
OFDM	I-KEY
system	O
with	O
adaptive	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
channel	I-KEY
allocation	I-KEY
to	O
provide	O
stronger	O
protection	O
against	O
errors	O
to	O
more	O
important	O
layers	O
in	O
the	O
layered	B-KEY
bit	I-KEY
stream	I-KEY
structure	I-KEY
of	O
scalable	O
video	O
.	O
The	O
more	O
critical	B-KEY
layers	I-KEY
,	O
or	O
equivalently	O
,	O
the	O
lower	B-KEY
layers	I-KEY
,	O
are	O
allocated	O
vector	O
channels	O
of	O
higher	O
transmission	O
quality	O
.	O
The	O
channel	B-KEY
quality	I-KEY
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
Frobenius	B-KEY
norm	I-KEY
metrics	I-KEY
;	O
based	O
on	O
channel	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
at	O
the	O
receiver	O
.	O
The	O
channel	B-KEY
allocation	I-KEY
information	I-KEY
is	O
fed	O
back	O
periodically	O
to	O
the	O
transmitter	O
through	O
a	O
control	B-KEY
channel	I-KEY
.	O
Simulation	O
results	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
robustness	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
scheme	O
to	O
noise	O
and	O
fading	O
inherent	O
in	O
wireless	O
channels	O

Trust	O
in	O
online	O
advice	O
Many	O
people	O
are	O
now	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
information	O
and	O
advice	O
they	O
find	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
,	O
much	O
of	O
it	O
of	O
dubious	O
quality	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
describes	O
two	O
studies	O
concerned	O
with	O
those	O
factors	O
capable	O
of	O
influencing	O
people	O
's	O
response	O
to	O
online	O
advice	O
.	O
The	O
first	O
study	O
is	O
a	O
qualitative	O
account	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
house-hunters	O
attempting	O
to	O
find	O
worthwhile	O
information	O
online	O
.	O
The	O
second	O
study	O
describes	O
a	O
survey	B-KEY
of	O
more	O
than	O
2,500	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
actively	O
sought	O
advice	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
.	O
A	O
framework	O
for	O
understanding	O
trust	O
in	O
online	O
advice	O
is	O
proposed	O
in	O
which	O
first	O
impressions	O
are	O
distinguished	O
from	O
more	O
detailed	O
evaluations	O
.	O
Good	O
Web	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
can	O
influence	O
the	O
first	O
process	O
,	O
but	O
three	O
key	O
factors-source	O
credibility	O
,	O
personalization	O
,	O
and	O
predictability-are	O
shown	O
to	O
predict	O
whether	O
people	O
actually	O
follow	O
the	O
advice	O
given	O

A	O
generalized	B-KEY
PERT/CPM	I-KEY
implementation	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
spreadsheet	B-KEY
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
PERT/CPM	O
algorithm	O
for	O
finding	O
the	O
critical	B-KEY
path	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
project	O
network	O
in	O
a	O
spreadsheet	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
problem	O
is	O
of	O
importance	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
recent	O
shift	O
of	O
attention	O
to	O
using	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-KEY
environment	O
as	O
a	O
vehicle	O
for	O
delivering	O
management	O
science/operations	O
research	O
-LRB-	O
MS/OR	O
-RRB-	O
techniques	O
to	O
end-users	O

Estimating	O
long-range	B-KEY
dependence	I-KEY
:	O
finite	B-KEY
sample	I-KEY
properties	I-KEY
and	O
confidence	B-KEY
intervals	I-KEY
A	O
major	O
issue	O
in	O
financial	B-KEY
economics	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
asset	B-KEY
returns	I-KEY
over	O
long	B-KEY
horizons	I-KEY
.	O
Various	O
estimators	O
of	O
long-range	B-KEY
dependence	I-KEY
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
.	O
Even	O
though	O
some	O
have	O
known	O
asymptotic	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
test	O
their	O
accuracy	O
by	O
using	O
simulated	O
series	O
of	O
different	O
lengths	O
.	O
We	O
test	O
R/S	O
analysis	B-KEY
,	I-KEY
detrended	I-KEY
fluctuation	O
analysis	B-KEY
and	I-KEY
periodogram	I-KEY
regression	O
methods	O
on	O
samples	O
drawn	B-KEY
from	I-KEY
Gaussian	I-KEY
white	O
noise	O
.	O
The	O
DFA	O
statistics	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
unanimous	O
winner	O
.	O
Unfortunately	O
,	O
no	O
asymptotic	O
distribution	O
theory	O
has	O
been	O
derived	O
for	O
this	O
statistics	O
so	O
far	O
.	O
We	O
were	O
able	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
to	O
construct	O
empirical	O
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
approximate	O
-RRB-	O
confidence	B-KEY
intervals	I-KEY
for	O
all	O
three	O
methods	O
.	O
The	O
obtained	O
values	O
differ	O
largely	O
from	O
heuristic	B-KEY
values	I-KEY
proposed	O
by	O
some	O
authors	O
for	O
the	O
R/S	O
statistics	O
and	O
are	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
asymptotic	O
values	O
for	B-KEY
the	I-KEY
periodogram	I-KEY
regression	O
method	O

Scale-invariant	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
of	O
dynamic	B-KEY
contrast-enhanced	I-KEY
perfusion	I-KEY
MR	I-KEY
images	I-KEY
with	O
inherent	B-KEY
scale	I-KEY
selection	I-KEY
Selection	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
set	O
of	O
scales	O
is	O
problematic	O
when	O
developing	O
signal-driven	O
approaches	O
for	O
pixel-based	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
.	O
Often	O
,	O
different	O
possibly	O
conflicting	O
criteria	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
fulfilled	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
best	O
trade-off	O
between	O
uncertainty	O
-LRB-	O
variance	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
location	O
accuracy	O
.	O
The	O
optimal	O
set	O
of	O
scales	O
depends	O
on	O
several	O
factors	O
:	O
the	O
noise	B-KEY
level	I-KEY
present	O
in	O
the	O
image	O
material	O
,	O
the	O
prior	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
segments	O
,	O
the	O
class-conditional	B-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
associated	O
with	O
each	O
type	O
of	O
segment	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
actual	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
connected	O
-RRB-	O
segments	O
.	O
We	O
analyse	O
,	O
theoretically	O
and	O
through	O
experiments	B-KEY
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
using	O
the	O
overall	O
and	O
class-conditional	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
rates	I-KEY
as	O
criteria	O
for	O
selecting	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
sampling	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
linear	O
and	O
morphological	O
scale	O
spaces	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
overall	O
error	O
rate	O
is	O
optimized	O
by	O
taking	O
the	O
prior	O
class	O
distribution	O
in	O
the	O
image	O
material	O
into	O
account	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
a	O
uniform	O
-LRB-	O
ignorant	O
-RRB-	O
prior	O
distribution	O
ensures	O
constant	O
class-conditional	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
rates	I-KEY
.	O
Consequently	O
,	O
we	O
advocate	O
for	O
a	O
uniform	O
prior	O
class	O
distribution	O
when	O
an	O
uncommitted	O
,	O
scale-invariant	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
approach	O
is	O
desired	O
.	O
Experiments	B-KEY
with	O
a	O
neural	B-KEY
net	I-KEY
classifier	I-KEY
developed	O
for	O
segmentation	O
of	O
dynamic	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
-LRB-	O
MR	O
-RRB-	O
images	O
,	O
acquired	O
with	O
a	O
paramagnetic	B-KEY
tracer	I-KEY
,	O
support	O
the	O
theoretical	O
results	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
experiments	B-KEY
show	O
that	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
spatial	O
features	O
to	O
the	O
classifier	O
,	O
extracted	O
from	O
the	O
linear	O
or	O
morphological	O
scale	O
spaces	O
,	O
improves	O
the	O
segmentation	O
result	O
compared	O
to	O
a	O
signal-driven	O
approach	O
based	O
solely	O
on	O
the	O
dynamic	O
MR	O
signal	O
.	O
The	O
segmentation	O
results	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
features	O
are	O
compared	O
using	O
two	O
novel	O
quality	B-KEY
measures	I-KEY
that	O
characterize	O
spatial	O
properties	O
of	O
labelled	B-KEY
images	I-KEY

Nuts	O
and	O
bolts	O
:	O
implementing	O
descriptive	B-KEY
standards	I-KEY
to	O
enable	O
virtual	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
To	O
date	O
,	O
online	B-KEY
archival	I-KEY
information	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
have	O
relied	O
heavily	O
on	O
legacy	O
finding	O
aids	O
for	O
data	O
to	O
encode	O
and	O
provide	O
to	O
end	O
users	O
,	O
despite	O
fairly	O
strong	O
indications	O
in	O
the	O
archival	O
literature	O
that	O
such	O
legacy	O
data	O
is	O
problematic	O
even	O
as	O
a	O
mediated	O
access	O
tool	O
.	O
Archivists	B-KEY
have	O
only	O
just	O
begun	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
archival	B-KEY
descriptive	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
for	O
end	B-KEY
users	I-KEY
in	O
unmediated	O
settings	O
such	O
as	O
via	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
The	O
ability	O
of	O
future	O
archival	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
expectations	O
and	O
needs	O
of	O
end	B-KEY
users	I-KEY
is	O
inextricably	O
linked	O
to	O
archivists	B-KEY
getting	O
their	O
collective	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
house	I-KEY
in	O
order	O
.	O
The	O
General	B-KEY
International	I-KEY
Standard	I-KEY
Archival	I-KEY
Description	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
ISAD	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
G	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
offers	O
the	O
profession	O
a	O
place	O
from	O
which	O
to	O
start	O
extricating	O
ourselves	O
from	O
the	O
idiosyncracies	O
of	O
our	O
legacy	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
and	O
description	O
practices	O

Uncertainty	B-KEY
bounds	I-KEY
and	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
interval	B-KEY
type-2	I-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
logic	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
We	O
derive	O
inner	O
-	O
and	O
outer-bound	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
type-reduced	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
interval	B-KEY
type-2	I-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
logic	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
FLS	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
mathematical	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
Karnik-Mendel	B-KEY
iterative	I-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
for	O
computing	O
the	O
type-reduced	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
bound	O
sets	O
can	O
not	O
only	O
provide	O
estimates	O
about	O
the	O
uncertainty	O
contained	O
in	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
an	O
interval	O
type-2	O
FLS	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
an	O
interval	O
type-2	O
FLS	O
.	O
We	O
demonstrate	O
,	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
a	O
simulation	O
experiment	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
resulting	O
system	O
can	O
operate	O
without	O
type-reduction	O
and	O
can	O
achieve	O
similar	O
performance	O
to	O
one	O
that	O
uses	O
type-reduction	O
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
our	O
new	O
design	O
method	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
bound	O
sets	O
,	O
can	O
relieve	O
the	O
computation	O
burden	O
of	O
an	O
interval	O
type-2	O
FLS	O
during	O
its	O
operation	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
an	O
interval	O
type-2	O
FLS	O
useful	O
for	O
real-time	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY

Noninvasive	O
myocardial	O
activation	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
novel	O
inverse	O
algorithm	O
applied	O
to	O
clinical	O
ECG	O
mapping	O
data	O
Linear	O
approaches	O
like	O
the	O
minimum-norm	O
least-square	O
algorithm	O
show	O
insufficient	O
performance	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
estimating	O
the	O
activation	O
time	O
map	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
heart	O
from	O
electrocardiographic	O
-LRB-	O
ECG	O
-RRB-	O
mapping	O
data	O
.	O
Additional	O
regularization	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
nonlinear	O
problem	O
formulation	O
.	O
The	O
Gauss-Newton	B-KEY
approach	I-KEY
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
mathematical	O
tools	O
capable	O
of	O
solving	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
problem	O
.	O
To	O
our	O
experience	O
,	O
this	O
algorithm	O
has	O
specific	O
drawbacks	O
which	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
applied	O
regularization	B-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
under	O
clinical	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
the	O
amount	O
of	O
regularization	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
determined	O
clearly	O
.	O
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
an	O
iterative	O
algorithm	O
solving	O
this	O
nonlinear	O
problem	O
by	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
regularized	O
linear	O
problems	O
.	O
At	O
each	O
step	O
of	O
iteration	O
,	O
an	O
individual	O
L-curve	O
is	O
computed	O
.	O
Subsequent	O
iteration	B-KEY
steps	I-KEY
are	O
performed	O
with	O
the	O
individual	B-KEY
optimal	I-KEY
regularization	I-KEY
parameter	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
novel	O
approach	O
is	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
standard	O
Gauss-Newton	B-KEY
approach	I-KEY
.	O
Both	O
methods	O
are	O
applied	O
to	O
simulated	O
ECG	O
mapping	O
data	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
single	O
beat	O
sinus	O
rhythm	O
data	O
from	O
two	O
patients	O
recorded	O
in	O
the	O
catheter	B-KEY
laboratory	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
approach	O
shows	O
excellent	O
numerical	O
and	O
computational	O
performance	O
,	O
even	O
under	O
clinical	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
at	O
which	O
the	O
Gauss-Newton	B-KEY
approach	I-KEY
begins	O
to	O
break	O
down	O

A	O
study	O
on	O
meaning	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
of	O
dialogue	O
with	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
development	O
of	O
travel	O
consultation	O
system	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
an	O
approach	O
to	O
processing	O
meaning	O
instead	O
of	O
processing	O
information	O
in	O
computing	O
.	O
Human	B-KEY
intellectual	I-KEY
activity	I-KEY
is	O
supported	O
by	O
linguistic	B-KEY
activities	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
brain	O
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
processing	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
language	O
instead	O
of	O
processing	O
information	O
should	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
realize	O
human	O
intelligence	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
As	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
framework	O
for	O
processing	O
meaning	O
,	O
we	O
build	O
a	O
travel	B-KEY
consultation	I-KEY
dialogue	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
which	O
can	O
understand	O
utterance	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
and	O
retrieve	O
information	O
through	O
dialogue	O
.	O
Through	O
a	O
simulation	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
both	O
information	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
and	O
language	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
are	O
integrated	O

Evaluation	O
of	O
combined	O
dispatching	O
and	O
routeing	O
strategies	O
for	O
a	O
flexible	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
deals	O
with	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
combined	O
dispatching	O
and	O
routeing	O
strategies	O
on	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
flexible	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
.	O
Three	O
routeing	O
policies	O
-	O
no	O
alternative	B-KEY
routings	I-KEY
,	O
alternative	B-KEY
routeing	I-KEY
dynamics	O
and	O
alternative	B-KEY
routeing	I-KEY
plans	O
-	O
are	O
considered	O
with	O
four	O
dispatching	B-KEY
rules	I-KEY
with	O
finite	B-KEY
buffer	I-KEY
capacity	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
changing	O
part	B-KEY
mix	I-KEY
ratios	I-KEY
is	O
also	O
discussed	O
.	O
The	O
performance	O
measures	O
considered	O
are	O
makespan	O
,	O
average	O
machine	O
utilization	O
,	O
average	B-KEY
flow	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
and	O
average	O
delay	O
at	O
local	O
input	O
buffers	O
.	O
Simulation	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
alternative	B-KEY
routings	I-KEY
dynamic	O
policy	O
gives	O
the	O
best	O
results	O
in	O
three	O
performance	O
measures	O
except	O
for	O
average	O
delay	O
at	O
local	O
input	O
buffers	O
.	O
Further	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
changing	O
part	B-KEY
mix	I-KEY
ratios	I-KEY
is	O
not	O
significant	O

Multilayered	O
image	B-KEY
representation	I-KEY
:	O
application	O
to	O
image	B-KEY
compression	I-KEY
The	O
main	O
contribution	O
of	O
this	O
work	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
paradigm	O
for	O
image	B-KEY
representation	I-KEY
and	O
image	B-KEY
compression	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
new	O
multilayered	B-KEY
representation	I-KEY
technique	O
for	O
images	O
.	O
An	O
image	O
is	O
parsed	O
into	O
a	O
superposition	O
of	O
coherent	O
layers	O
:	O
piecewise	B-KEY
smooth	I-KEY
regions	I-KEY
layer	I-KEY
,	O
textures	B-KEY
layer	I-KEY
,	O
etc.	O
.	O
The	O
multilayered	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
consists	O
in	O
a	O
cascade	O
of	O
compressions	O
applied	O
successively	O
to	O
the	O
image	O
itself	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
residuals	O
that	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
compressions	O
.	O
During	O
each	O
iteration	O
of	O
the	O
algorithm	O
,	O
we	O
code	O
the	O
residual	B-KEY
part	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
lossy	O
way	O
:	O
we	O
only	O
retain	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
structures	O
of	O
the	O
residual	B-KEY
part	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
sparse	B-KEY
representation	I-KEY
.	O
Each	O
layer	O
is	O
encoded	O
independently	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
transform	O
,	O
or	O
basis	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
different	O
bitrate	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
compressed	O
layers	O
can	O
always	O
be	O
reconstructed	O
in	O
a	O
meaningful	O
way	O
.	O
The	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
multilayer	O
approach	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
different	O
sets	O
of	O
basis	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
complement	O
each	O
others	O
:	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
basis	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
will	O
give	O
reasonable	O
account	O
of	O
the	O
large	O
trend	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
will	O
catch	O
the	O
local	O
transients	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
oscillatory	O
patterns	O
.	O
This	O
multilayered	B-KEY
representation	I-KEY
has	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
beautiful	O
applications	O
in	O
image	O
understanding	O
,	O
and	O
image	O
and	O
video	O
coding	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
implemented	O
the	O
algorithm	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
studied	O
its	O
capabilities	O

Exact	O
controllability	B-KEY
of	O
shells	B-KEY
in	O
minimal	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
We	O
prove	O
an	O
exact	O
controllability	B-KEY
result	O
for	O
thin	B-KEY
cups	I-KEY
using	O
the	O
Fourier	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
and	O
recent	O
improvements	O
of	O
Ingham	O
-LRB-	O
1936	O
-RRB-	O
type	O
theorems	O

Prediction	O
of	O
ultraviolet	O
spectral	O
absorbance	O
using	O
quantitative	B-KEY
structure-property	I-KEY
relationships	I-KEY
High	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
liquid	I-KEY
chromatography	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
HPLC	O
-RRB-	O
with	O
ultraviolet	O
-LRB-	O
UV	O
-RRB-	O
spectrophotometric	O
detection	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
method	O
for	O
analyzing	O
reaction	B-KEY
products	I-KEY
in	O
organic	B-KEY
chemistry	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
procedure	O
would	O
benefit	O
from	O
a	O
computational	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
relative	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
of	O
organic	O
molecules	O
.	O
Models	O
are	O
now	O
reported	O
for	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
the	O
integrated	O
UV	O
absorbance	O
for	O
a	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
organic	O
compounds	O
using	O
a	O
quantitative	B-KEY
structure-property	I-KEY
relationship	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
QSPR	O
-RRB-	O
approach	O
.	O
A	O
seven-descriptor	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
with	O
a	O
squared	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
coefficient	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
R/sup	O
2	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
0.815	O
is	O
reported	O
for	O
a	O
data	O
set	O
of	O
521	O
.	O
compounds	O
.	O
Using	O
the	O
sum	O
of	O
ZINDO	B-KEY
oscillator	I-KEY
strengths	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
integration	O
range	O
as	O
an	O
additional	O
descriptor	O
allowed	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
descriptors	O
producing	O
a	O
robust	O
model	O
for	O
460	O
compounds	O
with	O
five	O
descriptors	O
and	O
a	O
squared	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
coefficient	I-KEY
0.857	O
.	O
The	O
descriptors	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
models	O
are	O
discussed	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
physical	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
UV	O
absorption	O
process	O

ConChat	B-KEY
:	O
a	O
context-aware	B-KEY
chat	I-KEY
program	I-KEY
ConChat	B-KEY
is	O
a	O
context-aware	B-KEY
chat	I-KEY
program	I-KEY
that	O
enriches	O
electronic	O
communication	O
by	O
providing	O
contextual	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
and	O
resolving	O
potential	O
semantic	B-KEY
conflicts	I-KEY
between	O
users.ConChat	O
uses	O
contextual	O
information	O
to	O
improve	O
electronic	O
communication	O
.	O
Using	O
contextual	B-KEY
cues	I-KEY
,	O
users	O
can	O
infer	O
during	O
a	O
conversation	O
what	O
the	O
other	O
person	O
is	O
doing	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
immediate	O
surroundings	O
.	O
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
user	O
learns	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
person	O
is	O
talking	O
with	O
somebody	O
else	O
or	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
some	O
urgent	O
activity	O
,	O
he	O
or	O
she	O
knows	O
to	O
expect	O
a	O
slower	O
response	O
.	O
Conversely	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
learns	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
person	O
is	O
sitting	O
in	O
a	O
meeting	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
conversation	O
,	O
he	O
or	O
she	O
then	O
knows	O
to	O
respond	O
more	O
quickly	O
.	O
Also	O
,	O
by	O
informing	O
users	O
about	O
the	O
other	O
person	O
's	O
context	O
and	O
tagging	O
potentially	O
ambiguous	O
chat	O
messages	O
,	O
ConChat	B-KEY
explores	O
how	O
context	O
can	O
improve	O
electronic	O
communication	O
by	O
reducing	O
semantic	B-KEY
conflicts	I-KEY

Guidelines	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
personal	B-KEY
health	I-KEY
:	O
insights	O
from	O
the	O
Canadian	O
HEALNet	O
experience	O
The	O
objectives	O
are	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
insights	O
gained	O
in	O
collaborative	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
Canadian	B-KEY
Network	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
Centres	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
Excellence	I-KEY
,	O
devoted	O
to	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
evidence-based	B-KEY
practice	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
to	O
relate	O
this	O
experience	O
to	O
Internet	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
of	O
health	B-KEY
promotion	I-KEY
and	O
consumer	B-KEY
health	I-KEY
informatics	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
subjective	O
review	O
of	O
insights	O
is	O
undertaken	O
.	O
Work	O
directed	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
systems	O
incorporating	O
guidelines	O
,	O
care	O
maps	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
professionals	O
met	O
with	O
limited	O
acceptance	O
.	O
Evidence-based	O
tools	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
consumers	O
are	O
a	O
desirable	O
complement	O
but	O
require	O
radically	O
different	O
content	O
and	O
delivery	O
modes	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
evidence-based	O
material	O
offered	O
by	O
professionals	O
,	O
a	O
wide	O
array	O
of	O
Internet-based	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
provided	O
by	O
consumers	O
for	O
consumers	O
emerged	O
and	O
proved	O
a	O
beneficial	O
complement	O
.	O
The	O
consumer-driven	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
provided	O
via	O
the	O
Internet	O
are	O
a	O
potentially	O
important	O
and	O
beneficial	O
complement	O
of	O
traditional	O
health	O
services	O
.	O
They	O
affect	O
the	O
health	B-KEY
consumer-provider	I-KEY
roles	I-KEY
and	O
require	O
changes	O
in	O
healthcare	O
practices	O

Improving	O
computer	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
for	O
authentication	O
of	O
users	O
:	O
influence	O
of	O
proactive	B-KEY
password	I-KEY
restrictions	I-KEY
Entering	O
a	O
user	O
name-password	O
combination	O
is	O
a	O
widely	O
used	O
procedure	O
for	O
identification	O
and	O
authentication	O
in	O
computer	O
systems	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
notoriously	O
weak	O
method	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
passwords	O
adopted	O
by	O
many	O
users	O
are	O
easy	O
to	O
crack	O
.	O
In	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
,	O
improve	O
security	O
,	O
proactive	B-KEY
password	I-KEY
checking	I-KEY
may	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
passwords	O
must	O
meet	O
several	O
criteria	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
resistant	O
to	O
cracking	O
.	O
In	O
two	O
experiments	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
proactive	B-KEY
password	I-KEY
restrictions	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
it	O
took	O
to	O
generate	O
an	O
acceptable	O
password	O
and	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
subsequently	O
to	O
log	O
in	O
.	O
The	O
required	O
length	O
was	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
five	O
characters	O
in	O
experiment	O
I	O
and	O
eight	O
characters	O
in	O
experiment	O
2	O
.	O
In	O
both	O
experiments	O
,	O
one	O
condition	O
had	O
only	O
the	O
length	B-KEY
restriction	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
had	O
additional	O
restrictions	O
.	O
The	O
additional	O
restrictions	O
greatly	O
increased	O
the	O
time	O
it	O
took	O
to	O
generate	O
the	O
password	O
but	O
had	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
time	O
it	O
took	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
subsequently	O
to	O
log	O
in	O
.	O
For	O
the	O
five-character	B-KEY
passwords	I-KEY
,	O
75	O
%	O
were	O
cracked	O
when	O
no	O
other	O
restrictions	O
were	O
imposed	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
was	O
reduced	O
to	O
33	O
%	O
with	O
the	O
additional	O
restrictions	O
.	O
For	O
the	O
eight-character	B-KEY
passwords	I-KEY
,	O
17	O
%	O
were	O
cracked	O
with	O
no	O
other	O
restrictions	O
,	O
and	O
12.5	O
%	O
with	O
restrictions	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
increasing	O
the	O
minimum	O
character	O
length	O
reduces	O
crackability	O
and	O
increases	O
security	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
additional	O
restrictions	O
are	O
imposed	O

Standard	O
protocol	O
for	O
exchange	O
of	O
health-checkup	O
data	O
based	O
on	O
SGML	B-KEY
:	O
the	O
Health-checkup	B-KEY
Data	I-KEY
Markup	I-KEY
Language	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
HDML	O
-RRB-	O
The	O
objectives	O
are	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
health/medical	O
data	B-KEY
interchange	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
efficient	O
electronic	O
exchange	O
of	O
data	O
among	O
health-checkup	O
facilities	O
.	O
A	O
Health-checkup	B-KEY
Data	I-KEY
Markup	I-KEY
Language	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
HDML	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
developed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
Standard	O
Generalized	O
Markup	O
Language	O
-LRB-	O
SGML	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
feasibility	O
study	O
carried	O
out	O
,	O
involving	O
data	O
exchange	O
between	O
two	O
health	O
checkup	O
facilities	O
.	O
The	O
structure	O
of	O
HDML	O
is	O
described	O
.	O
The	O
transfer	O
of	O
numerical	B-KEY
lab	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
,	O
summary	B-KEY
findings	I-KEY
and	O
health	B-KEY
status	I-KEY
assessment	I-KEY
was	O
successful	O
.	O
HDML	O
is	O
an	O
improvement	O
to	O
laboratory	O
data	O
exchange	O
.	O
Further	O
work	O
has	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
qualitative	O
and	O
textual	O
data	O

K-12	B-KEY
instruction	I-KEY
and	O
digital	B-KEY
access	I-KEY
to	O
archival	B-KEY
materials	I-KEY
Providing	O
K-12	O
schools	O
with	O
digital	B-KEY
access	I-KEY
to	O
archival	B-KEY
materials	I-KEY
can	O
strengthen	O
both	O
student	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
and	O
archival	B-KEY
practice	I-KEY
,	O
although	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
replace	O
direct	B-KEY
physical	I-KEY
access	I-KEY
to	O
records	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
compares	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
electronic	O
and	O
nonelectronic	B-KEY
projects	I-KEY
to	O
promote	O
teaching	O
with	O
primary	B-KEY
source	I-KEY
materials	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
article	O
also	O
examines	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
historiographical	O
and	O
pedagogical	B-KEY
approaches	I-KEY
used	O
in	O
archival	B-KEY
Web	I-KEY
sites	O
geared	O
for	O
K-12	B-KEY
instruction	I-KEY
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
educational	B-KEY
sites	I-KEY
sponsored	O
by	O
the	O
Library	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Congress	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
National	B-KEY
Archives	I-KEY
and	I-KEY
Records	I-KEY
Administration	I-KEY

Web-based	B-KEY
experiments	I-KEY
controlled	O
by	O
JavaScript	B-KEY
:	O
an	O
example	O
from	O
probability	B-KEY
learning	O
JavaScript	B-KEY
programs	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
Web	O
experiments	O
.	O
This	O
technique	O
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
an	O
experiment	O
that	O
tested	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
advice	B-KEY
on	O
performance	O
in	O
the	O
classic	O
probability-learning	O
paradigm	O
.	O
Previous	O
research	O
reported	O
that	O
people	O
tested	O
via	O
the	O
Web	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
lab	O
tended	O
to	O
match	O
the	O
probabilities	B-KEY
of	O
their	O
responses	O
to	O
the	O
probabilities	B-KEY
that	O
those	O
responses	O
would	O
be	O
reinforced	O
.	O
The	O
optimal	O
strategy	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
consistently	O
choose	O
the	O
more	O
frequent	O
event	O
;	O
probability	B-KEY
matching	O
produces	O
suboptimal	O
performance	O
.	O
We	O
investigated	O
manipulations	O
we	O
reasoned	O
should	O
improve	O
performance	O
.	O
A	O
horse	O
race	O
scenario	O
in	O
which	O
participants	O
predicted	O
the	O
winner	O
in	O
each	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
races	O
between	O
two	O
horses	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
an	O
abstract	O
scenario	O
used	O
previously	O
.	O
Ten	O
groups	O
of	O
learners	O
received	O
different	O
amounts	O
of	O
advice	B-KEY
,	O
including	O
all	O
combinations	O
of	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
explicit	B-KEY
instructions	I-KEY
concerning	O
the	O
optimal	O
strategy	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
explicit	B-KEY
instructions	I-KEY
concerning	O
a	O
monetary	O
sum	O
to	O
maximize	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
accurate	O
information	O
concerning	O
the	O
probabilities	B-KEY
of	O
events	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
minimal	O
effects	O
of	O
horse	O
race	O
versus	O
abstract	O
scenario	O
.	O
Both	O
advice	B-KEY
concerning	O
the	O
optimal	O
strategy	O
and	O
probability	B-KEY
information	O
contributed	O
significantly	O
to	O
performance	O
in	O
the	O
task	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
includes	O
a	O
brief	O
tutorial	O
on	O
JavaScript	B-KEY
,	O
explaining	O
with	O
simple	O
examples	O
how	O
to	O
assemble	O
a	O
browser-based	B-KEY
experiment	I-KEY

Compatibility	O
of	O
systems	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
over	O
the	O
set	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
natural	I-KEY
numbers	I-KEY
Criteria	O
of	O
compatibility	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
Diophantine	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
,	O
strict	B-KEY
inequations	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
nonstrict	B-KEY
inequations	I-KEY
are	O
considered	O
.	O
Upper	B-KEY
bounds	I-KEY
for	O
components	O
of	O
a	O
minimal	O
set	O
of	O
solutions	O
and	O
algorithms	O
of	O
construction	O
of	O
minimal	B-KEY
generating	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
of	O
solutions	O
for	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
systems	O
are	O
given	O
.	O
These	O
criteria	O
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
algorithms	O
for	O
constructing	O
a	O
minimal	O
supporting	O
set	O
of	O
solutions	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
solving	O
all	O
the	O
considered	O
types	O
of	O
systems	O
and	O
systems	O
of	O
mixed	O
types	O

The	O
UK	O
's	O
National	B-KEY
Electronic	I-KEY
Site	I-KEY
Licensing	I-KEY
Initiative	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
NESLI	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
In	O
1998	O
the	O
UK	O
created	O
the	O
National	B-KEY
Electronic	I-KEY
Site	I-KEY
Licensing	I-KEY
Initiative	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
NESLI	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
increase	O
and	O
improve	O
access	O
to	O
electronic	B-KEY
journals	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
negotiate	O
license	B-KEY
agreements	I-KEY
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
academic	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
model	O
license	B-KEY
agreement	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
site	O
licensing	O
is	O
discussed	O
.	O
Highlights	O
from	O
an	O
interim	O
evaluation	O
by	O
the	O
Joint	B-KEY
Information	I-KEY
Systems	I-KEY
Committee	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
JISC	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
are	O
noted	O
and	O
key	O
issues	O
and	O
questions	O
arising	O
from	O
the	O
evaluation	O
are	O
identified	O

Matching	O
PET	O
and	O
CT	O
scans	O
of	O
the	O
head	B-KEY
and	O
neck	B-KEY
area	O
:	O
Development	O
of	O
method	O
and	O
validation	O
Positron	O
emission	O
tomography	O
-LRB-	O
PET	O
-RRB-	O
provides	O
important	O
information	O
on	O
tumor	B-KEY
biology	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
lacks	O
detailed	O
anatomical	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
.	O
Our	O
aim	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
validate	O
an	O
automatic	B-KEY
registration	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
for	O
matching	O
PET	O
and	O
CT	O
scans	O
of	O
the	O
head	B-KEY
and	O
neck	B-KEY
.	O
Three	O
difficulties	O
in	O
achieving	O
this	O
goal	O
are	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
nonrigid	B-KEY
motions	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
neck	B-KEY
can	O
hamper	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
automatic	B-KEY
ridged	I-KEY
body	I-KEY
transformations	I-KEY
;	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
emission	O
scans	O
contain	O
too	O
little	O
anatomical	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
to	O
apply	O
standard	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
fusion	I-KEY
methods	I-KEY
;	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
no	O
objective	O
way	O
exists	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
match	O
results	O
.	O
These	O
problems	O
are	O
solved	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
accurate	O
and	O
reproducible	O
positioning	O
of	O
the	O
patient	B-KEY
was	O
achieved	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
radiotherapy	B-KEY
treatment	I-KEY
mask	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
method	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
transmission	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
emission	O
scan	O
.	O
To	O
obtain	O
sufficient	O
-LRB-	O
anatomical	O
-RRB-	O
information	O
for	O
matching	O
,	O
two	O
bed	B-KEY
positions	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
transmission	B-KEY
scan	I-KEY
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
protocol	O
.	O
A	O
mutual	B-KEY
information-based	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
registration	B-KEY
technique	I-KEY
.	O
PET	O
and	O
CT	O
data	O
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
seven	O
patients	B-KEY
.	O
Each	O
patient	B-KEY
had	O
two	O
CT	O
scans	O
and	O
one	O
PET	O
scan	O
.	O
The	O
datasets	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
consistency	O
by	O
matching	O
PET	O
to	O
CT/sub	O
1	O
/	O
,	O
CT/sub	O
1	O
/	O
to	O
CT/sub	O
2	O
/	O
,	O
and	O
CT/sub	O
2	O
/	O
to	O
PET	O
using	O
the	O
full	B-KEY
circle	I-KEY
consistency	I-KEY
test	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
using	O
our	O
method	O
,	O
consistency	O
could	O
be	O
obtained	O
of	O
4	O
mm	O
and	O
1.3	O
degrees	O
on	O
average	O
.	O
The	O
PET	O
voxels	O
used	O
for	O
registration	O
were	O
5.15	O
mm	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
errors	B-KEY
compared	O
quite	O
favorably	O
with	O
the	O
voxel	O
size	O
.	O
Cropping	O
the	O
images	O
-LRB-	O
removing	O
the	O
scanner	B-KEY
bed	I-KEY
from	O
images	O
-RRB-	O
did	O
not	O
improve	O
the	O
consistency	O
of	O
the	O
algorithm	O
.	O
The	O
transmission	B-KEY
scan	I-KEY
,	O
however	O
,	O
could	O
potentially	O
be	O
reduced	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
position	O
using	O
this	O
approach	O
.	O
In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
represented	O
algorithm	O
and	O
validation	O
technique	O
has	O
several	O
features	O
that	O
are	O
attractive	O
from	O
both	O
theoretical	O
and	O
practical	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
user-independent	O
,	O
automatic	O
validation	O
technique	O
for	O
matching	O
CT	O
and	O
PET	O
scans	O
of	O
the	O
head	B-KEY
and	O
neck	B-KEY
,	O
which	O
gives	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
compare	O
different	O
image	B-KEY
enhancements	I-KEY

Reachability	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
multistep	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
processes	I-KEY
:	O
their	O
design	O
An	O
upper	B-KEY
estimate	I-KEY
and	O
an	O
iterative	O
``	O
restriction	O
''	O
algorithm	O
for	O
the	O
reachability	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
for	O
determining	O
the	O
optimal	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
multistep	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
processes	I-KEY
are	O
designed	O

A	O
better	O
ballot	B-KEY
box	I-KEY
?	O
Election	O
officials	O
are	O
examining	O
technologies	O
to	O
address	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
voting	O
issues	O
.	O
The	O
problems	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
November	O
2000	O
US	O
election	O
accelerated	O
existing	O
trends	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
lever	O
machines	O
,	O
punch-cards	O
,	O
and	O
hand-counted	O
paper	O
ballots	O
and	O
replace	O
them	O
with	O
mark-sense	B-KEY
balloting	I-KEY
,	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
automatic	O
teller	O
machine	O
-LRB-	O
ATM	O
-RRB-	O
kiosk	O
style	O
computer-based	O
systems	O
.	O
An	O
estimated	O
US	O
$	O
2	O
-	O
$	O
4	O
billion	O
will	O
be	O
spent	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
to	O
update	O
voting	O
systems	O
during	O
the	O
next	O
decade	O
.	O
Voting	O
online	O
might	O
enable	O
citizens	O
to	O
vote	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
polls	O
.	O
Yet	O
making	O
these	O
methods	O
work	O
right	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
considerably	O
more	O
difficult	O
than	O
originally	O
thought	O
.	O
New	O
electronic	B-KEY
voting	I-KEY
systems	O
pose	O
risks	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
solutions	O
.	O
As	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
voting	O
products	O
currently	O
for	O
sale	O
provide	O
less	O
accountability	O
,	O
poorer	O
reliability	O
,	O
and	O
greater	O
opportunity	O
for	O
widespread	O
fraud	O
than	O
those	O
already	O
in	O
use	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
discusses	O
the	O
technology	O
available	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
ensure	O
accurate	O
ballots	O

.	O
NET	O
obfuscation	O
and	O
intellectual	B-KEY
property	I-KEY
The	O
author	O
considers	O
obfuscation	O
options	O
for	O
protecting	O
.	O
NET	O
code	O
.	O
Many	O
programs	O
wo	O
n't	O
need	O
obfuscation	O
because	O
the	O
loss	O
caused	O
by	O
reverse	B-KEY
engineering	I-KEY
will	O
be	O
nonexistent	O
.	O
Numerous	O
obfuscators	O
are	O
already	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
.	O
NET	O
platform	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
a	O
basic	O
renaming	O
obfuscator	O
to	O
a	O
fully	O
functional	O
obfuscator	O
that	O
handles	O
mixed	O
IL/native	O
code	O
assemblies	O
created	O
in	O
any	O
managed	O
language	O
,	O
including	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
C++	O
with	O
Managed	O
Extensions	O
.	O
An	O
obfuscator	O
simply	O
makes	O
your	O
application	O
harder	O
to	O
reverse	B-KEY
engineer	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
does	O
not	O
prevent	O
reverse	B-KEY
engineering	I-KEY
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
obfuscation	O
is	O
insignificant	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
a	O
typical	O
software	O
development	O
project	O
.	O
If	O
you	O
feel	O
like	O
an	O
obfuscator	O
provides	O
you	O
any	O
benefit	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
worth	O
the	O
price	O

Optimal	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
in	O
stabilizer	O
design	O
The	O
most	O
common	O
method	O
of	O
improving	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
system	O
is	O
the	O
synthesis	O
of	O
the	O
turbine	O
and	O
generator	O
control	O
systems	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
relatively	O
low	O
cost	O
of	O
these	O
elements	O
.	O
The	O
synthesis	O
and	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
effective	O
synchronous	O
generator	O
and	O
turbine	O
controller	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
difficult	O
task	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
seven	O
step	O
mu	O
-	O
synthesis	O
approach	O
to	O
PSS	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
enabling	O
the	O
synchronous	O
generator	O
to	O
remain	O
stable	O
over	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
system	O
operating	O
conditions	O

Analysis	O
and	O
efficient	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
linguistic	O
fuzzy	O
c-means	O
The	O
paper	O
is	O
concerned	O
with	O
a	O
linguistic	O
fuzzy	O
c-means	O
-LRB-	O
FCM	O
-RRB-	O
algorithm	O
with	O
vectors	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
numbers	I-KEY
as	O
inputs	O
.	O
This	O
algorithm	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
extension	B-KEY
principle	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
decomposition	B-KEY
theorem	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
using	O
the	O
extension	B-KEY
principle	I-KEY
to	O
extend	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
membership	O
update	O
equation	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
a	O
linguistic	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
has	O
a	O
huge	O
computational	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
an	O
efficient	O
method	O
based	O
on	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
arithmetic	I-KEY
and	O
optimization	B-KEY
has	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
carefully	O
examine	O
and	O
prove	O
that	O
the	O
algorithm	O
behaves	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
FCM	O
in	O
the	O
degenerate	O
linguistic	O
case	O
.	O
Synthetic	O
data	O
sets	O
and	O
the	O
iris	O
data	O
set	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
illustrate	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
this	O
linguistic	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
FCM	O

Measuring	O
keyboard	O
response	O
delays	O
by	O
comparing	O
keyboard	O
and	O
joystick	B-KEY
inputs	I-KEY
The	O
response	O
characteristics	O
of	O
PC	B-KEY
keyboards	I-KEY
have	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
response	O
devices	O
in	O
psychological	B-KEY
experiments	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
check	B-KEY
the	O
characteristics	O
independently	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
external	O
measurement	O
equipment	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
different	O
PC	O
models	O
and	O
the	O
rapid	O
pace	O
of	O
model	B-KEY
change	I-KEY
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
convenient	O
and	O
accurate	O
methods	O
of	O
checking	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
method	O
proposed	O
consists	O
of	O
raising	O
the	O
precision	O
of	O
the	O
PC	O
's	O
clock	O
to	O
the	O
microsecond	O
level	O
and	O
using	O
a	O
joystick	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
MIDI	B-KEY
terminal	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
sound	B-KEY
board	I-KEY
to	O
give	O
the	O
PC	O
an	O
independent	B-KEY
timing	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
.	O
Statistical	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
provided	O
by	O
this	O
method	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
estimate	O
accurately	O
the	O
keyboard	B-KEY
scanning	I-KEY
interval	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
average	B-KEY
keyboard	I-KEY
delay	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
measured	O
keyboard	O
delay	O
times	O
varied	O
from	O
11	O
to	O
73	O
msec	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
keyboard	O
model	O
,	O
with	O
most	O
values	O
being	O
less	O
than	O
30	O
msec	O

BioOne	O
:	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
for	O
scholarly	O
publishing	O
This	O
article	O
describes	O
a	O
unique	O
electronic	B-KEY
journal	I-KEY
publishing	I-KEY
project	I-KEY
involving	O
the	O
University	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Kansas	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
Big	B-KEY
12	I-KEY
Plus	I-KEY
Libraries	I-KEY
Consortium	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
American	O
Institute	O
of	O
Biological	B-KEY
Sciences	I-KEY
,	O
Allen	O
Press	O
,	O
and	O
SPARC	O
,	O
the	O
Scholarly	O
Publishing	O
and	O
Academic	O
Resources	O
Coalition	O
.	O
This	O
partnership	O
has	O
created	O
BioOne	O
,	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
40	O
full-text	O
society	O
journals	O
in	O
the	O
biological	O
and	O
environmental	B-KEY
sciences	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
April	O
,	O
2001	O
.	O
The	O
genesis	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
is	O
described	O
and	O
financial	O
,	O
technical	O
,	O
and	O
intellectual	B-KEY
property	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
project	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O
Collaborative	B-KEY
strategies	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
project	O
are	O
described	O

Solutions	O
for	O
cooperative	B-KEY
games	I-KEY
A	O
new	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
characteristic	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
is	O
defined	O
.	O
It	O
matches	O
cooperative	B-KEY
games	I-KEY
far	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
classical	O
characteristic	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
and	O
is	O
useful	O
in	O
reducing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
decisions	B-KEY
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
unique	B-KEY
solution	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
game	O

Optimal	B-KEY
online	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
scheduling	O
on	O
two	O
identical	O
machines	O
with	O
machine	B-KEY
availability	I-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
considers	O
the	O
online	O
scheduling	O
on	O
two	O
identical	O
machines	O
with	O
machine	B-KEY
availability	I-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
for	O
minimizing	O
makespan	O
.	O
We	O
assume	O
that	O
machine	O
M/sub	O
j	O
/	O
is	O
unavailable	O
during	O
period	O
from	O
s/sub	O
j	O
/	O
to	O
t/sub	O
j	O
/	O
-LRB-	O
0	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
s/sub	O
j	O
/	O
<	O
t/sub	O
j	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
j	O
=	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
unavailable	O
periods	O
of	O
two	O
machines	O
do	O
not	O
overlap	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
competitive	O
ratio	O
of	O
list	B-KEY
scheduling	I-KEY
is	O
3	O
.	O
We	O
further	O
give	O
an	O
optimal	O
algorithm	O
with	O
a	O
competitive	O
ratio	O
5/2	O

Evolution	O
of	O
the	O
high-end	O
computing	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
USA	B-KEY
This	O
paper	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
technological	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
high-end	O
computing	O
market	O
.	O
The	O
discussion	O
combines	O
historical	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
with	O
strategic	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
to	O
provide	O
a	O
framework	O
to	O
analyse	O
a	O
key	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
computer	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
analysis	O
begins	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
government	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
and	O
development	B-KEY
spending	I-KEY
;	O
then	O
examines	O
the	O
confusion	O
around	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
high-end	O
computing	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
standard	O
theories	O
of	O
technology	B-KEY
strategy	I-KEY
and	O
new	B-KEY
product	I-KEY
innovation	I-KEY
.	O
Rather	O
than	O
the	O
high-end	O
market	O
being	O
`	O
dead	O
'	O
,	O
one	O
should	O
view	O
the	O
market	O
as	O
changing	O
due	O
to	O
increased	O
capability	O
and	O
competition	B-KEY
from	O
the	O
low-end	B-KEY
personal	I-KEY
computer	I-KEY
market	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
high-end	O
market	O
is	O
also	O
responding	O
to	O
new	B-KEY
product	I-KEY
innovation	I-KEY
from	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
new	O
parallel	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
architectures	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
the	O
conclusion	O
,	O
key	O
leverage	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
are	O
identified	O
and	O
the	O
trends	O
in	O
high-end	O
computing	O
are	O
highlighted	O
with	O
implications	O

Option	B-KEY
pricing	I-KEY
from	O
path	B-KEY
integral	I-KEY
for	O
non-Gaussian	O
fluctuations	O
.	O
Natural	B-KEY
martingale	I-KEY
and	O
application	O
to	O
truncated	B-KEY
Levy	I-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
Within	O
a	O
path	B-KEY
integral	I-KEY
formalism	O
for	O
non-Gaussian	O
price	O
fluctuations	O
,	O
we	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
simple	O
stochastic	B-KEY
calculus	I-KEY
and	O
derive	O
a	O
natural	B-KEY
martingale	I-KEY
for	O
option	B-KEY
pricing	I-KEY
from	O
the	O
wealth	O
balance	O
of	O
options	O
,	O
stocks	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
bonds	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
resulting	O
formula	O
is	O
evaluated	O
for	O
truncated	B-KEY
Levy	I-KEY
distributions	I-KEY

From	O
revenue	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
concepts	I-KEY
to	O
software	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
In	O
1999	O
,	O
after	O
developing	O
and	O
installing	O
over	O
170	O
revenue	O
management	O
-LRB-	O
RM	O
-RRB-	O
systems	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
70	O
airlines	O
,	O
PROS	B-KEY
Revenue	I-KEY
Management	I-KEY
,	O
Inc.	B-KEY
had	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
develop	O
RM	O
systems	B-KEY
for	I-KEY
three	O
companies	O
in	O
nonairline	O
industries	O
.	O
PROS	O
research	O
and	O
design	O
department	O
designed	O
the	O
opportunity	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
study	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
OAS	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
OR/MS	B-KEY
,	O
consulting	O
,	O
and	O
software	B-KEY
development	I-KEY
practices	I-KEY
to	O
determine	O
the	O
applicability	O
of	O
RM	O
in	O
new	O
business	O
situations	O
.	O
PROS	O
executed	O
OASs	O
with	O
the	O
three	O
companies	O
.	O
In	O
all	O
three	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
OAS	B-KEY
supported	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
RM	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
contracts	O
for	O
implementation	O
of	O
RM	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY

Estimation	O
of	O
error	O
in	O
curvature	O
computation	O
on	O
multi-scale	O
free-form	O
surfaces	O
A	O
novel	O
technique	O
for	O
multi-scale	B-KEY
curvature	I-KEY
computation	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
free-form	O
3-D	O
surface	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
convolving	O
local	B-KEY
parametrisations	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
surface	O
with	O
2-D	O
Gaussian	O
filters	O
iteratively	O
.	O
In	O
our	O
technique	O
,	O
semigeodesic	B-KEY
coordinates	I-KEY
are	O
constructed	O
at	O
each	O
vertex	O
of	O
the	O
mesh	O
.	O
Smoothing	O
results	O
are	O
shown	O
for	O
3-D	O
surfaces	O
with	O
different	O
shapes	O
indicating	O
that	O
surface	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
is	O
eliminated	O
and	O
surface	O
details	O
are	O
removed	O
gradually	O
.	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
evolution	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
3-D	O
surfaces	O
are	O
described	O
.	O
Next	O
,	O
the	O
surface	O
Gaussian	O
and	O
mean	B-KEY
curvature	I-KEY
values	I-KEY
are	O
estimated	O
accurately	O
at	O
multiple	O
scales	O
which	O
are	O
then	O
mapped	O
to	O
colours	O
and	O
displayed	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O
The	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
technique	O
when	O
selecting	O
different	O
directions	O
as	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
direction	O
for	O
the	O
geodesic	O
at	O
each	O
vertex	O
are	O
also	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
error	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
estimation	O
of	O
Gaussian	O
and	O
mean	O
curvatures	O
is	O
quite	O
low	O
after	O
only	O
one	O
iteration	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
surface	O
is	O
smoothed	O
iteratively	O
,	O
the	O
error	O
is	O
further	O
reduced	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
also	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
estimation	O
error	O
of	O
Gaussian	O
curvature	O
is	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
mean	O
curvature	O
.	O
Our	O
experiments	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
estimation	O
of	O
smoothed	O
surface	O
curvatures	O
are	O
very	O
accurate	O
and	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
arbitrary	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
geodesic	O
line	O
when	O
constructing	O
semigeodesic	B-KEY
coordinates	I-KEY
.	O
Our	O
technique	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	B-KEY
triangulation	I-KEY
and	O
is	O
also	O
more	O
efficient	O
than	O
volumetric	B-KEY
diffusion	I-KEY
techniques	I-KEY
since	O
2-D	O
rather	O
than	O
3-D	O
convolutions	B-KEY
are	O
employed	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
the	O
method	O
presented	O
here	O
is	O
a	O
generalisation	O
of	O
the	O
Curvature	B-KEY
Scale	I-KEY
Space	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
for	O
2-D	O
contours	O
.	O
The	O
CSS	O
method	O
has	O
outperformed	O
comparable	O
techniques	O
within	O
the	O
MPEG-7	B-KEY
evaluation	I-KEY
framework	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
selected	O
for	O
inclusion	O
in	O
the	O
MPEG-7	O
package	O
of	O
standards	O

Fuzzy	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
generalized	B-KEY
conjunction	I-KEY
operations	I-KEY
An	O
approach	O
to	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
the	O
tuning	B-KEY
of	O
parametric	O
conjunction	O
operations	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
some	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
parametric	O
generalized	B-KEY
conjunction	I-KEY
operations	I-KEY
simpler	O
than	O
the	O
known	O
parametric	O
classes	O
of	O
conjunctions	O
are	O
considered	O
and	O
discussed	O
.	O
Second	O
,	O
several	O
examples	O
of	O
function	B-KEY
approximation	I-KEY
by	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
tuning	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
conjunction	O
operations	O
,	O
are	O
given	O
and	O
their	O
approximation	B-KEY
performances	I-KEY
are	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
approaches	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
tuning	B-KEY
of	O
membership	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
and	O
other	O
approaches	O
proposed	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
seen	O
that	O
the	O
tuning	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
conjunction	O
operations	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
obtaining	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
with	O
a	O
sufficiently	O
good	O
performance	O
when	O
the	O
tuning	B-KEY
of	O
membership	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
is	O
not	O
possible	O
or	O
not	O
desirable	O

Twenty	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
acquiring	O
out-of-print	B-KEY
materials	I-KEY
This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
last	O
two-and-a-half	O
decades	O
of	O
literature	O
on	O
acquiring	O
out-of-print	B-KEY
materials	I-KEY
to	O
assess	O
recurring	B-KEY
issues	I-KEY
and	O
identify	O
changing	B-KEY
practices	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
out-of-print	O
literature	O
is	O
uniform	O
in	O
its	O
assertion	O
that	O
libraries	O
need	O
to	O
acquire	O
o.p.	O
materials	O
to	O
replace	O
worn	O
or	O
damaged	O
copies	O
,	O
to	O
replace	O
missing	O
copies	O
,	O
to	O
duplicate	O
copies	O
of	O
heavily	O
used	O
materials	O
,	O
to	O
fill	O
gaps	O
in	O
collections	O
,	O
to	O
strengthen	O
weak	O
collections	O
,	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
develop	O
strong	O
collections	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
materials	O
for	O
new	O
courses	O
,	O
new	O
programs	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
entire	O
new	O
libraries	O

Real-time	B-KEY
enterprise	I-KEY
solutions	I-KEY
for	O
discrete	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
and	O
consumer	B-KEY
goods	I-KEY
Customer	B-KEY
satisfaction	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
core	B-KEY
competencies	I-KEY
have	O
dominated	O
the	O
thinking	O
of	O
a	O
whole	O
host	O
of	O
industries	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
one	O
outcome	O
,	O
the	O
outsourcing	O
of	O
noncore	O
activities	O
,	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
goods-from	O
order	O
entry	O
to	O
final	O
delivery-more	O
and	O
more	O
complex	O
.	O
Suppliers	O
,	O
subsuppliers	O
,	O
producers	O
and	O
customers	O
are	O
therefore	O
busy	O
adopting	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
more	O
collaborative	O
approach	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
mainly	O
taking	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
order-driven	B-KEY
planning	I-KEY
and	O
scheduling	O
of	O
production	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
being	O
steered	O
by	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
reduce	O
inventories	O
and	O
working	O
capital	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
desire	O
to	O
increase	O
throughput	O
and	O
optimize	O
production	O

ePsych	B-KEY
:	O
interactive	B-KEY
demonstrations	I-KEY
and	O
experiments	O
in	O
psychology	O
ePsych	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
http://epsych.msstate.edu	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
currently	O
under	O
active	O
development	O
,	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
teach	B-KEY
students	O
about	O
the	O
discipline	O
of	O
psychology	O
.	O
The	O
site	O
presumes	O
little	O
prior	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
field	O
and	O
so	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
introductory	O
classes	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
incorporates	O
sufficient	O
depth	O
of	O
coverage	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
more	O
advanced	O
classes	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
Numerous	O
interactive	O
and	O
dynamic	O
elements	O
are	O
incorporated	O
into	O
various	O
modules	O
,	O
orientations	O
,	O
and	O
guidebooks	O
.	O
These	O
elements	O
include	O
Java-based	B-KEY
experiments	I-KEY
and	O
demonstrations	O
,	O
video	B-KEY
clips	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
animated	B-KEY
diagrams	I-KEY
.	O
Rapid	O
access	O
to	O
all	O
material	O
is	O
provided	O
through	O
a	O
layer-based	B-KEY
navigation	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
visit	O
various	O
``	O
Worlds	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
the	I-KEY
Mind	I-KEY
.	O
''	O
Active	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
is	O
encouraged	O
,	O
by	O
challenging	O
students	O
with	O
puzzles	O
and	O
problems	O
and	O
by	O
providing	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
``	O
dig	O
deeper	O
''	O
to	O
learn	O
more	O
about	O
the	O
phenomena	O
at	O
hand	O

The	O
culture	O
of	O
usability	O
Now	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
us	O
agree	O
that	O
usability	O
testing	O
is	O
an	O
integral	O
investment	O
in	O
site	O
development	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
recognize	O
that	O
the	O
standard	O
approach	O
falls	O
short	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
do	O
less	O
work	O
and	O
get	O
better	O
results	O
while	O
spending	O
less	O
money	O
.	O
By	O
bringing	O
usability	O
testing	O
in-house	O
and	O
breaking	O
tests	O
into	O
more	O
manageable	O
sessions	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
vastly	O
improve	O
your	O
online	O
offering	O
without	O
affecting	O
your	O
profit	O
margin	O

Real-time	B-KEY
implementation	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
new	O
low-memory	O
SPIHT	O
image	O
coding	O
algorithm	O
using	O
DSP	B-KEY
chip	I-KEY
Among	O
all	O
algorithms	O
based	O
on	O
wavelet	B-KEY
transform	I-KEY
and	O
zerotree	B-KEY
quantization	I-KEY
,	O
Said	O
and	O
Pearlman	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
1996	O
-RRB-	O
set	B-KEY
partitioning	I-KEY
in	I-KEY
hierarchical	I-KEY
trees	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SPIHT	O
-RRB-	O
algorithm	O
is	O
well-known	O
for	O
its	O
simplicity	O
and	O
efficiency	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
deals	O
with	O
the	O
real-time	B-KEY
implementation	I-KEY
of	O
SPIHT	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
using	O
DSP	B-KEY
chip	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
implementation	O
and	O
improve	O
the	O
codec	B-KEY
's	O
performance	O
,	O
some	O
relative	O
issues	O
are	O
thoroughly	O
discussed	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
optimization	O
of	O
program	O
structure	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
the	O
wavelet	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
.	O
SPIHT	O
's	O
high	O
memory	O
requirement	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
drawback	O
for	O
hardware	O
implementation	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
modify	O
the	O
original	O
SPIHT	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
by	O
presenting	O
two	O
new	O
concepts-number	O
of	O
error	O
bits	O
and	O
absolute	B-KEY
zerotree	I-KEY
.	O
Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
memory	O
cost	O
is	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
introduce	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
coding	O
process	O
by	O
number	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
error	I-KEY
bits	I-KEY
.	O
Our	O
experimental	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
implementation	O
meets	O
common	O
requirement	O
of	O
real-time	O
video	B-KEY
coding	I-KEY
and	O
is	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
practical	O
and	O
efficient	O
DSP	O
solution	O

Using	O
virtual	B-KEY
reality	I-KEY
to	O
teach	O
disability	O
awareness	O
A	O
desktop	O
virtual	B-KEY
reality	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
VR	O
-RRB-	O
program	O
was	O
designed	O
and	O
evaluated	O
to	O
teach	O
children	B-KEY
about	O
the	O
accessibility	B-KEY
and	O
attitudinal	O
barriers	O
encountered	O
by	O
their	O
peers	O
with	O
mobility	B-KEY
impairments	I-KEY
.	O
Within	O
this	O
software	O
,	O
children	B-KEY
sitting	O
in	O
a	O
virtual	B-KEY
wheelchair	I-KEY
experience	O
obstacles	O
such	O
as	O
stairs	O
,	O
narrow	O
doors	O
,	O
objects	O
too	O
high	O
to	O
reach	O
,	O
and	O
attitudinal	O
barriers	O
such	O
as	O
inappropriate	O
comments	O
.	O
Using	O
a	O
collaborative	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
methodology	I-KEY
,	O
15	O
youth	O
with	O
mobility	B-KEY
impairments	I-KEY
assisted	O
in	O
developing	O
and	O
beta-testing	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
then	O
evaluated	O
with	O
60	O
children	B-KEY
in	O
Grades	O
4-6	O
using	O
a	O
controlled	O
pretest/posttest	O
design	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
effective	O
for	O
increasing	O
children	B-KEY
's	O
knowledge	O
of	O
accessibility	B-KEY
barriers	O
.	O
Attitudes	O
,	O
grade	O
level	O
,	O
familiarity	O
with	O
individuals	O
with	O
a	O
disability	O
,	O
and	O
gender	B-KEY
were	O
also	O
investigated	O

Brightness-independent	B-KEY
start-up	I-KEY
routine	I-KEY
for	O
star	B-KEY
trackers	I-KEY
Initial	B-KEY
attitude	I-KEY
acquisition	I-KEY
by	O
a	O
modern	O
star	B-KEY
tracker	I-KEY
is	O
investigated	O
here	O
.	O
Criteria	O
for	O
efficient	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
on-board	B-KEY
database	I-KEY
are	O
discussed	O
with	O
reference	O
to	O
a	O
brightness-independent	O
initial	O
acquisition	O
algorithm	O
.	O
Star	B-KEY
catalog	I-KEY
generation	I-KEY
preprocessing	I-KEY
is	O
described	O
,	O
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
minimum	B-KEY
star	I-KEY
brightness	I-KEY
for	O
detection	O
by	O
a	O
sensor	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
charge	O
coupled	O
device	O
-LRB-	O
CCD	O
-RRB-	O
photodetector	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
crucial	O
step	O
for	O
proper	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
attainable	O
sky	O
coverage	O
when	O
selecting	O
the	O
stars	O
to	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
on-board	O
catalog	O
.	O
Test	O
results	O
are	O
also	O
reported	O
,	O
both	O
for	O
reliability	B-KEY
and	O
accuracy	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
former	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
primary	O
target	O
.	O
Probability	O
of	O
erroneous	O
solution	O
is	O
0.2	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
single	O
runs	O
of	O
the	O
procedure	O
,	O
while	O
attitude	O
determination	O
accuracy	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
0.02	O
degrees	O
in	O
the	O
average	O
for	O
the	O
computation	O
of	O
the	O
inertial	O
pointing	O
of	O
the	O
boresight	B-KEY
axis	I-KEY

A	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
discounted	B-KEY
utility	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
and	O
hyperbolic	B-KEY
discounting	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
social	O
and	O
private	O
intertemporal	B-KEY
preferences	I-KEY
for	O
health	O
Whilst	O
there	O
is	O
substantial	O
evidence	O
that	O
hyperbolic	B-KEY
discounting	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
describe	O
intertemporal	B-KEY
preferences	I-KEY
for	O
monetary	O
outcomes	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
discounted	O
utility	O
-LRB-	O
DU	O
-RRB-	O
model	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
very	O
limited	O
evidence	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
health	B-KEY
outcomes	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
study	O
elicits	O
private	O
and	O
social	O
intertemporal	B-KEY
preferences	I-KEY
for	O
non-fatal	O
changes	O
in	O
health	O
.	O
Specific	O
functional	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
DU	O
model	O
and	O
three	O
hyperbolic	O
models	O
are	O
fitted	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
stationarity	O
axiom	O
is	O
violated	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
hyperbolic	O
models	O
fit	O
the	O
data	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
DU	O
model	O
.	O
Intertemporal	B-KEY
preferences	I-KEY
for	O
private	O
and	O
social	B-KEY
decisions	I-KEY
are	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
similar	O

Layer-based	B-KEY
machining	I-KEY
:	O
recent	O
development	O
and	O
support	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
There	O
is	O
growing	O
interest	O
in	O
additive	O
and	O
subtractive	B-KEY
shaping	I-KEY
theories	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
synthesized	O
to	O
integrate	O
the	O
layered	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
and	O
material	B-KEY
removal	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
.	O
Layer-based	B-KEY
machining	I-KEY
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
promising	O
method	O
for	O
integrated	O
additive	O
and	O
subtractive	B-KEY
shaping	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
the	O
paper	O
,	O
major	O
layer-based	B-KEY
machining	I-KEY
systems	O
are	O
reviewed	O
and	O
compared	O
according	O
to	O
characteristics	O
of	O
stock	B-KEY
layers	I-KEY
,	O
numerical	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
machining	I-KEY
configurations	I-KEY
,	O
stacking	B-KEY
operations	I-KEY
,	O
input	B-KEY
format	I-KEY
and	O
raw	B-KEY
materials	I-KEY
.	O
Support	O
structure	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
issue	O
in	O
machining-based	O
systems	O
which	O
has	O
seldom	O
been	O
addressed	O
in	O
previous	O
research	O
,	O
is	O
investigated	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
with	O
considerations	O
of	O
four	O
situations	O
:	O
floating	B-KEY
overhang	I-KEY
,	O
cantilever	B-KEY
,	O
vaulted	B-KEY
overhang	I-KEY
and	O
ceiling	B-KEY
.	O
Except	O
for	O
the	O
floating	B-KEY
overhang	I-KEY
where	O
a	O
support	O
structure	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
overlooked	O
,	O
the	O
necessity	O
for	O
support	O
structures	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
situations	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
stress	B-KEY
and	O
deflection	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
the	O
machining	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
castle	O
model	O

A	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
adaptation	I-KEY
circuit	I-KEY
for	O
control	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
of	O
deformable	B-KEY
space	I-KEY
vehicles	I-KEY
:	O
its	O
design	O
A	O
fuzzy-logic	O
adaptation	O
algorithm	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
adjusting	O
the	O
discreteness	B-KEY
period	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
control	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
for	O
ensuring	O
the	O
stability	B-KEY
and	O
quality	O
of	O
control	O
process	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
elastic	B-KEY
structural	I-KEY
vibrations	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
deformable	B-KEY
space	I-KEY
vehicle	I-KEY
.	O
Its	O
performance	O
is	O
verified	O
by	O
digital	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
discrete	O
control	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
with	O
two	O
objects	O

Elimination	O
of	O
zero-order	O
diffraction	O
in	O
digital	B-KEY
holography	I-KEY
A	O
simple	O
method	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
zero-order	O
diffraction	O
in	O
the	O
reconstructed	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
of	O
digital	B-KEY
holography	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
Laplacian	B-KEY
of	O
a	O
detected	B-KEY
hologram	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
hologram	O
itself	O
for	O
numerical	O
reconstruction	O
by	O
computing	O
the	O
discrete	B-KEY
Fresnel	I-KEY
integral	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
method	O
can	O
significantly	O
improve	O
the	O
image	B-KEY
quality	I-KEY
and	O
give	O
better	O
resolution	O
and	O
higher	O
accuracy	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
reconstructed	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
main	O
advantages	O
of	O
this	O
method	O
are	O
its	O
simplicity	O
in	O
experimental	O
requirements	O
and	O
convenience	O
in	O
data	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY

Computer	B-KEY
mediated	I-KEY
communication	I-KEY
and	O
university	B-KEY
international	I-KEY
students	I-KEY
The	O
design	O
for	O
the	O
preliminary	O
study	O
presented	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
students	O
and	O
faculty	B-KEY
members	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
small	B-KEY
southwest	I-KEY
university	I-KEY
being	O
surveyed	O
and	O
interviewed	O
.	O
The	O
data	B-KEY
collection	I-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
blends	O
qualitative	O
and	O
quantitative	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
strong	O
consensus	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
supports	O
the	O
study	O
's	O
premise	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
computer	B-KEY
mediated	I-KEY
communication	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CMC	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
teaching	B-KEY
and	O
learning	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
of	O
international	O
students	O
.	O
Both	O
groups	O
believe	O
CMC	B-KEY
to	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
teaching	B-KEY
and	O
learning	O
tool	O
by	O
:	O
increasing	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
communication	O
between	O
students	O
and	O
instructors	B-KEY
;	O
improving	O
language	B-KEY
skills	I-KEY
through	O
increased	O
writing	O
and	O
communication	B-KEY
opportunities	I-KEY
;	O
allowing	O
students	O
and	O
instructors	B-KEY
to	O
stay	O
current	O
and	O
to	O
compete	O
effectively	O
;	O
providing	O
alternative	O
teaching	B-KEY
and	O
learning	O
methods	O
to	O
increase	O
students	O
'	O
confidence	O
in	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
communicate	O
effectively	O
with	O
peers	B-KEY
and	O
instructors	B-KEY
;	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
instructors	B-KEY
'	O
pedagogical	B-KEY
focus	I-KEY
and	O
questioning	B-KEY
techniques	I-KEY

Using	O
the	O
Web	O
to	O
answer	O
legal	B-KEY
reference	I-KEY
questions	I-KEY
In	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
help	O
non-law	O
librarians	O
with	O
basic	O
legal	B-KEY
reference	I-KEY
questions	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
author	O
highlights	O
three	O
basic	O
legal	O
Web	O
sites	O
and	O
outlines	O
useful	O
subject-specific	O
Web	O
sites	O
that	O
focus	O
on	O
statutes	O
and	O
regulations	O
,	O
case	B-KEY
law	I-KEY
and	O
attorney	B-KEY
directories	I-KEY

7	O
key	O
tests	O
in	O
choosing	O
your	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
firm	O
Most	O
legal	B-KEY
firms	I-KEY
now	O
have	O
a	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
and	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
return	O
on	O
their	O
investment	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
looks	O
at	O
factors	O
involved	O
when	O
choosing	O
a	O
firm	O
to	O
help	O
set	O
up	O
or	O
improve	O
a	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
.	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
Look	O
for	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
combines	O
technical	B-KEY
skills	I-KEY
and	O
business	B-KEY
experience	I-KEY
.	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
Look	O
for	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
offers	O
excellent	O
customer	B-KEY
service	I-KEY
.	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
Check	O
that	O
the	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
firm	O
is	O
committed	O
to	O
developing	O
and	O
proactively	B-KEY
updating	I-KEY
the	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
.	O
-LRB-	O
4	O
-RRB-	O
Make	O
sure	O
the	O
firm	O
has	O
a	O
proven	O
track	O
record	O
and	O
a	O
good	O
portfolio	O
.	O
-LRB-	O
5	O
-RRB-	O
Look	O
for	O
a	O
company	O
with	O
both	O
a	O
breadth	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
depth	O
of	O
skills	O
.	O
-LRB-	O
6	O
-RRB-	O
Make	O
sure	O
the	O
firm	O
can	O
deliver	O
work	O
on	O
target	O
,	O
in	O
budget	O
and	O
to	O
specification	O
.	O
-LRB-	O
7	O
-RRB-	O
Ensure	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
enjoy	O
working	O
and	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
with	O
the	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
firm	O
staff	O

Identification	O
of	O
states	O
of	O
complex	O
systems	O
with	O
estimation	O
of	O
admissible	B-KEY
measurement	I-KEY
errors	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
fuzzy	O
information	O
The	O
problem	O
of	O
identification	O
of	O
states	O
of	O
complex	O
systems	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
fuzzy	O
values	O
of	O
informative	B-KEY
attributes	I-KEY
is	O
considered	O
.	O
Some	O
estimates	O
of	O
a	O
maximally	O
admissible	O
degree	O
of	O
measurement	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
are	O
obtained	O
that	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
apparatus	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
,	O
to	O
correctly	O
identify	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
a	O
system	O

Iterative	B-KEY
regularized	I-KEY
least-mean	I-KEY
mixed-norm	I-KEY
image	I-KEY
restoration	I-KEY
We	O
develop	O
a	O
regularized	O
mixed-norm	O
image	O
restoration	O
algorithm	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
noise	B-KEY
.	O
A	O
mixed-norm	B-KEY
functional	I-KEY
is	O
introduced	O
,	O
which	O
combines	O
the	O
least	O
mean	O
square	O
-LRB-	O
LMS	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
least	O
mean	O
fourth	O
-LRB-	O
LMF	O
-RRB-	O
functionals	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
smoothing	B-KEY
functional	I-KEY
.	O
Two	O
regularization	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
are	O
introduced	O
:	O
one	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
relative	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
LMS	O
and	O
LMF	O
functionals	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
kurtosis	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
another	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
relative	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
smoothing	B-KEY
functional	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
two	O
parameters	O
are	O
chosen	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
functional	O
is	O
convex	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
unique	B-KEY
minimizer	I-KEY
exists	O
.	O
An	O
iterative	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
is	O
utilized	O
for	O
obtaining	O
the	O
solution	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
convergence	B-KEY
is	O
analyzed	O
.	O
The	O
novelty	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
is	O
that	O
no	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
noise	B-KEY
distribution	O
is	O
required	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
relative	O
contributions	O
of	O
the	O
LMS	O
,	O
the	O
LMF	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
smoothing	O
functionals	O
are	O
adjusted	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
partially	O
restored	O
image	O
.	O
Experimental	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O

IT	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
enabler	O
to	O
law	B-KEY
firm	I-KEY
competitiveness	O
Professional	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
firms	I-KEY
have	O
traditionally	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
thrive	O
in	O
virtually	O
any	O
market	O
conditions	O
.	O
They	O
have	O
been	O
consistently	O
successful	O
for	O
several	O
decades	O
without	O
ever	O
needing	O
to	O
reexamine	O
or	O
change	O
their	O
basic	O
operating	O
model	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
gradual	O
but	O
inexorable	O
change	O
in	O
client	B-KEY
expectations	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
business	B-KEY
environment	I-KEY
over	O
recent	O
years	O
now	O
means	O
that	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
enough	O
.	O
In	O
future	O
,	O
law	B-KEY
firms	I-KEY
will	O
increasingly	O
need	O
to	O
exploit	O
IT	O
more	O
effectively	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
remain	O
competitive	O
.	O
To	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
all	O
their	O
information	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
function	O
as	O
an	O
integrated	O
whole	O
and	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
their	O
staff	O
,	O
clients	O
and	O
business	O
partners	O
.	O
The	O
authors	O
set	O
out	O
the	O
lessons	O
to	O
be	O
learned	O
for	O
law	B-KEY
firms	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
PA	O
Consulting	O
survey	O

Entrepreneurs	B-KEY
in	I-KEY
Action	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
Web-case	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
Much	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	B-KEY
schooling	I-KEY
in	O
America	B-KEY
is	O
built	O
around	O
systems	O
of	O
compliance	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
characteristics	O
which	O
stifle	O
the	O
creative	O
and	O
entrepreneurial	B-KEY
instincts	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
children	O
who	O
are	O
subjected	O
to	O
these	O
tactics	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
explores	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
to	O
education	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
involves	O
capturing	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
the	O
student	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
problem	O
and	O
project-based	B-KEY
instruction	I-KEY
delivered	O
via	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
.	O
Called	O
Entrepreneurs	B-KEY
in	I-KEY
Action	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
program	O
seeks	O
to	O
involve	O
students	O
in	O
a	O
problem	O
at	O
the	O
outset	O
and	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
learning	O
of	O
traditional	B-KEY
subject	I-KEY
areas	I-KEY
as	O
a	O
process	O
of	O
the	O
problem-solving	B-KEY
activities	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
undertaken	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
's	O
details	O
are	O
explained	O
,	O
from	O
elementary	B-KEY
school	I-KEY
through	O
university	B-KEY
level	I-KEY
courses	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
authors	O
outline	O
their	O
plans	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
at	O
each	O
level	O

A	O
0.8-V	O
128-kb	O
four-way	O
set-associative	O
two-level	B-KEY
CMOS	I-KEY
cache	I-KEY
memory	I-KEY
using	O
two-stage	O
wordline/bitline-oriented	B-KEY
tag-compare	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
WLOTC/BLOTC	O
-RRB-	O
scheme	O
This	O
paper	O
reports	O
a	O
0.8-V	O
128-kb	O
four-way	O
set-associative	O
two-level	B-KEY
CMOS	I-KEY
cache	I-KEY
memory	I-KEY
using	O
a	O
novel	O
two-stage	O
wordline/bitline-oriented	B-KEY
tag-compare	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
WLOTC/BLOTC	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
sense	O
wordline/bitline	O
-LRB-	O
SWL/SBL	O
-RRB-	O
tag-sense	B-KEY
amplifiers	I-KEY
with	O
an	O
eight-transistor	O
-LRB-	O
8-T	O
-RRB-	O
tag	O
cell	O
in	O
Level	O
2	O
-LRB-	O
L2	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
a	O
10-T	O
shrunk	O
logic	O
swing	O
-LRB-	O
SLS	O
-RRB-	O
memory	O
cell	O
.	O
with	O
the	O
ground/floating	O
-LRB-	O
G/F	O
-RRB-	O
data	O
sense	O
amplifier	O
in	O
Level	O
1	O
-LRB-	O
L1	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
high-speed	B-KEY
operation	I-KEY
for	O
low-voltage	O
low-power	B-KEY
VLSI	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
applications	I-KEY
.	O
Owing	O
to	O
the	O
reduced	O
loading	O
at	O
the	O
SWL	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
11-T	O
tag	O
cell	O
using	O
the	O
WLOTC	O
scheme	O
,	O
the	O
10-T	O
SLS	O
memory	O
cell	O
with	O
G/F	O
sense	O
amplifier	O
in	O
L1	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
split	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
signal	O
in	O
the	O
8-T	O
tag	O
cells	O
with	O
SWL/SBL	O
tag	O
sense	O
amplifiers	O
in	O
L2	O
,	O
this	O
0.8-V	O
cache	O
memory	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
1.8-V	O
0.18	O
-	O
mu	O
m	O
CMOS	O
technology	O
has	O
a	O
measured	O
L1/L2	O
hit	O
time	O
of	O
11.6	O
/	O
20.5	B-KEY
ns	I-KEY
at	O
the	O
average	O
dissipation	O
of	O
0.77	B-KEY
mW	I-KEY
at	O
50	B-KEY
MHz	I-KEY

The	O
Bagsik	B-KEY
Oscillator	I-KEY
without	O
complex	O
numbers	O
We	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
so-called	O
Bagsik	B-KEY
Oscillator	I-KEY
,	O
recently	O
published	O
by	O
Piotrowski	O
and	O
Sladkowski	O
-LRB-	O
2001	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
is	O
erroneous	O
due	O
to	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
incorrect	B-KEY
banking	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
used	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
statistical	B-KEY
mechanism	I-KEY
apparatus	I-KEY
to	O
processes	O
that	O
are	O
totally	O
deterministic	O

Time-varying	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
renal	B-KEY
autoregulatory	I-KEY
mechanisms	I-KEY
In	O
order	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
possible	O
time-varying	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
renal	O
autoregulation	O
,	O
time-frequency	O
and	O
time-scaling	O
methods	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
renal	O
blood	O
flow	O
under	O
broad-band	B-KEY
forced	I-KEY
arterial	I-KEY
blood	I-KEY
pressure	I-KEY
fluctuations	I-KEY
and	O
single-nephron	B-KEY
renal	O
blood	O
flow	O
with	O
spontaneous	O
oscillations	O
obtained	O
from	O
normotensive	O
-LRB-	O
Sprague-Dawley	O
,	O
Wistar	O
,	O
and	O
Long-Evans	O
-RRB-	O
rats	O
,	O
and	O
spontaneously	O
hypertensive	O
rats	O
.	O
Time-frequency	O
analyses	O
of	O
normotensive	O
and	O
hypertensive	O
blood	O
flow	O
data	O
obtained	O
from	O
either	O
the	O
whole	B-KEY
kidney	I-KEY
or	O
the	O
single-nephron	B-KEY
show	O
that	O
indeed	O
both	O
the	O
myogenic	O
and	O
tubuloglomerular	O
feedback	O
-LRB-	O
TGF	O
-RRB-	O
mechanisms	O
have	O
time-varying	O
characteristics	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
utilized	O
the	O
Renyi	B-KEY
entropy	I-KEY
to	O
measure	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
blood-flow	O
dynamics	O
in	O
the	O
time-frequency	O
plane	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
discern	O
differences	O
between	O
normotensive	O
and	O
hypertensive	O
recordings	O
.	O
We	O
found	O
a	O
clear	O
difference	O
in	O
Renyi	B-KEY
entropy	I-KEY
between	O
normotensive	O
and	O
hypertensive	O
blood	O
flow	O
recordings	O
at	O
the	O
whole	B-KEY
kidney	I-KEY
level	O
for	O
both	O
forced	O
-LRB-	O
p	O
<	O
0.037	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
spontaneous	B-KEY
arterial	I-KEY
pressure	I-KEY
fluctuations	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
p	O
<	O
0.033	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
single-nephron	B-KEY
level	O
-LRB-	O
p	O
<	O
0.008	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Especially	O
at	O
the	O
single-nephron	B-KEY
level	O
,	O
the	O
mean	O
Renyi	B-KEY
entropy	I-KEY
is	O
significantly	O
larger	O
for	O
hypertensive	O
than	O
normotensive	B-KEY
rats	I-KEY
,	O
suggesting	O
more	O
complex	O
dynamics	O
in	O
the	O
hypertensive	O
condition	O
.	O
To	O
further	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
the	O
separation	O
of	O
dynamics	O
between	O
normotensive	O
and	O
hypertensive	B-KEY
rats	I-KEY
is	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
prescribed	O
frequency	O
ranges	O
of	O
the	O
myogenic	O
and	O
TGF	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
we	O
employed	O
multiresolution	O
wavelet	O
transform	O
.	O
Our	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
exclusively	O
over	O
scale	O
ranges	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
frequency	O
intervals	O
of	O
the	O
myogenic	O
and	O
TGF	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
the	O
widths	O
of	O
the	O
blood	O
flow	O
wavelet	O
coefficients	O
fall	O
into	O
disjoint	O
sets	O
for	O
normotensive	O
and	O
hypertensive	B-KEY
rats	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
separation	O
of	O
the	O
scales	O
at	O
the	O
myogenic	O
and	O
TGF	O
frequency	O
ranges	O
is	O
distinct	O
and	O
obtained	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
accuracy	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
this	O
observation	O
remains	O
valid	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
whole	B-KEY
kidney	I-KEY
blood	O
pressure/flow	O
data	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
time-varying	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
two	O
mechanisms	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
a	O
complete	O
description	O
of	O
renal	O
autoregulation	O

The	O
Open	B-KEY
Archives	I-KEY
Initiative	I-KEY
:	O
realizing	O
simple	O
and	O
effective	O
digital	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
interoperability	I-KEY
The	O
Open	B-KEY
Archives	I-KEY
Initiative	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
OAI	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
dedicated	O
to	O
solving	O
problems	O
of	O
digital	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
interoperability	I-KEY
.	O
Its	O
focus	O
has	O
been	O
on	O
defining	O
simple	O
protocols	B-KEY
,	O
most	O
recently	O
for	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
metadata	O
from	O
archives	O
.	O
The	O
OAI	O
evolved	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
increase	O
access	O
to	O
scholarly	B-KEY
publications	I-KEY
by	O
supporting	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
interoperable	O
digital	O
libraries	O
.	O
As	O
a	O
first	O
step	O
towards	O
such	O
interoperability	O
,	O
a	O
metadata	B-KEY
harvesting	I-KEY
protocol	I-KEY
was	O
developed	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
streaming	O
of	O
metadata	O
from	O
one	O
repository	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
ultimately	O
to	O
a	O
provider	O
of	O
user	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
browsing	O
,	O
searching	O
,	O
or	O
annotation	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
mission	O
,	O
philosophy	O
,	O
and	O
technical	O
framework	O
of	O
the	O
OAI	O

Linear	B-KEY
models	O
of	O
circuits	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
multivalued	O
components	O
Linearization	B-KEY
and	O
planarization	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
circuit	O
models	O
is	O
pivotal	O
to	O
the	O
submicron	B-KEY
technologies	I-KEY
.	O
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
VLSI	B-KEY
circuits	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
sometimes	O
improved	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
multivalued	O
components	O
.	O
It	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
any	O
l-level	O
circuit	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
multivalued	O
components	O
is	O
representable	O
as	O
an	O
algebraic	O
model	O
based	O
on	O
l	O
linear	B-KEY
arithmetic	O
polynomials	O
mapped	O
correspondingly	O
into	O
l	O
decision	O
diagrams	O
that	O
are	O
linear	O
and	O
planar	O
by	O
nature	O
.	O
Complexity	O
of	O
representing	O
a	O
circuit	O
as	O
the	O
linear	B-KEY
decision	O
diagram	O
was	O
estimated	O
as	O
O	O
-LRB-	O
G	O
-RRB-	O
with	O
G	O
for	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
multivalued	O
components	O
in	O
the	O
circuit	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
of	O
testing	O
the	O
LinearDesignMV	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
on	O
circuits	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
LGSynth	B-KEY
93	I-KEY
multivalued	I-KEY
components	I-KEY
were	O
presented	O

Modularity	B-KEY
in	O
technology	B-KEY
and	O
organization	B-KEY
The	O
paper	O
is	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
raid	O
both	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
modular	B-KEY
design	O
and	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
property	B-KEY
rights	I-KEY
to	O
create	O
the	O
outlines	O
of	O
a	O
modularity	B-KEY
theory	O
of	O
the	O
firm	O
.	O
Such	O
a	O
theory	O
will	O
look	O
at	O
firms	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
organizations	B-KEY
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
partitioning	O
of	O
rights-understood	O
as	O
protected	O
spheres	O
of	O
authority-among	O
cooperating	B-KEY
parties	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
will	O
assert	O
that	O
organizations	B-KEY
reflect	O
nonmodular	B-KEY
structures	I-KEY
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
structures	O
in	O
which	O
decision	B-KEY
rights	I-KEY
,	O
rights	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
alienation	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
residual	O
claims	O
to	O
income	O
do	O
not	O
all	O
reside	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
hands	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
SPSA	O
method	O
in	O
ECG	O
analysis	O
The	O
classification	O
,	O
monitoring	O
,	O
and	O
compression	O
of	O
electrocardiogram	O
-LRB-	O
ECG	O
-RRB-	O
signals	O
recorded	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
patient	O
over	O
a	O
relatively	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
is	O
considered	O
.	O
The	O
particular	O
application	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
mind	O
is	O
high-resolution	O
ECG	O
analysis	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
late	O
potential	O
analysis	O
,	O
morphology	O
changes	O
in	O
QRS	O
during	O
arrythmias	O
,	O
T-wave	O
alternants	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
drug	O
effects	O
on	O
ventricular	O
activation	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
to	O
apply	O
a	O
modification	O
of	O
a	O
classical	O
method	O
of	O
cluster	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
or	O
vector	O
quantization	O
.	O
The	O
novelty	O
of	O
our	O
approach	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
use	O
a	O
new	O
distortion	B-KEY
measure	I-KEY
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
distance	O
of	O
two	O
ECG	B-KEY
cycles	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
class-distortion	O
measure	O
is	O
defined	O
using	O
a	O
min-max	O
criterion	O
.	O
The	O
new	O
class-distortion-measure	B-KEY
is	O
much	O
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
outliers	O
than	O
the	O
usual	O
distortion	B-KEY
measures	I-KEY
using	O
average-distance	O
.	O
The	O
price	O
of	O
this	O
practical	O
advantage	O
is	O
that	O
computational	O
complexity	O
is	O
significantly	O
increased	O
.	O
The	O
resulting	O
nonsmooth	B-KEY
optimization	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
is	O
solved	O
by	O
an	O
adapted	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
perturbation	O
stochastic	O
approximation	O
-LRB-	O
SPSA	O
-RRB-	O
method	O
of	O
J.	O
Spall	O
-LRB-	O
IEEE	O
Trans	O
.	O
Automat	O
.	O
Contr.	O
,	O
vol	O
.	O
37	O
,	O
p.	O
332-41	O
,	O
Mar.	O
1992	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
main	O
idea	O
is	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
smooth	O
approximation	O
by	O
a	O
randomization	B-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
viability	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
on	O
both	O
simulated	O
and	O
real	O
data	O
.	O
An	O
experimental	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
widely	O
used	O
correlation	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
is	O
given	O
on	O
real	O
data	O

Content	B-KEY
standards	I-KEY
for	O
electronic	B-KEY
books	I-KEY
:	O
the	O
OEBF	B-KEY
publication	I-KEY
structure	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
public	B-KEY
interest	I-KEY
participation	I-KEY
In	O
the	O
emerging	O
world	O
of	O
electronic	B-KEY
publishing	I-KEY
how	O
we	O
create	O
,	O
distribute	O
,	O
and	O
read	O
books	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
part	O
determined	O
by	O
an	O
underlying	O
framework	O
of	O
content	B-KEY
standards	I-KEY
that	O
establishes	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
technological	O
opportunities	O
and	O
constraints	O
for	O
publishing	O
and	O
reading	O
systems	O
.	O
But	O
efforts	O
to	O
develop	O
content	B-KEY
standards	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
sound	O
engineering	O
models	O
must	O
skillfully	O
negotiate	O
competing	O
and	O
sometimes	O
apparently	O
irreconcilable	O
objectives	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
to	O
produce	O
results	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
rapidly	O
changing	O
course	O
of	O
technology	O
.	O
The	O
Open	O
eBook	O
Forum	O
's	O
Publication	O
Structure	O
,	O
an	O
XML-based	B-KEY
specification	I-KEY
for	O
electronic	B-KEY
books	I-KEY
,	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
timely	O
and	O
innovative	O
problem	O
solving	O
required	O
for	O
successful	O
real-world	O
standards	O
development	O
.	O
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
effort	O
,	O
the	O
electronic	B-KEY
book	I-KEY
industry	O
will	O
not	O
only	O
happen	O
sooner	O
and	O
on	O
a	O
larger	O
scale	O
than	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
otherwise	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
electronic	B-KEY
books	I-KEY
it	O
produces	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
functional	O
,	O
more	O
interoperable	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
accessible	O
to	O
all	O
readers	O
.	O
Public	B-KEY
interest	I-KEY
participants	I-KEY
have	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
process	O

A	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
structural	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
.	O
II	O
The	O
subject	O
under	O
discussion	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
structural	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
a	O
decisive	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-KEY
factor	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
structural	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY
.	O
Potential	O
possibilities	O
of	O
the	O
suggested	O
approach	O
are	O
illustrated	O
by	O
the	O
statement	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
mathematical	O
problem	O
of	O
structural	B-KEY
identification	I-KEY

Learning	O
spatial	B-KEY
relations	I-KEY
using	O
an	O
inductive	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
programming	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
The	O
ability	O
to	O
learn	O
spatial	B-KEY
relations	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
prerequisite	O
for	O
performing	O
many	O
relevant	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
associated	O
with	O
motion	O
,	O
orientation	O
,	O
navigation	O
,	O
etc.	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
reports	O
on	O
using	O
an	O
Inductive	O
Logic	O
Programming	O
-LRB-	O
ILP	O
-RRB-	O
system	O
for	O
learning	O
function-free	B-KEY
Horn-clause	I-KEY
descriptions	I-KEY
of	O
spatial	O
knowledge	O
.	O
Its	O
main	O
contribution	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
an	O
existing	O
relation	O
between	O
two	O
reference	O
systems-the	O
speaker-relative	O
and	O
the	O
absolute-can	O
be	O
automatically	O
learned	O
by	O
an	O
ILP	O
system	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
proper	O
background	O
knowledge	O
and	O
positive	O
examples	O

The	O
variance	O
of	O
firm	B-KEY
growth	I-KEY
rates	I-KEY
:	O
the	O
`	O
scaling	O
'	O
puzzle	O
Recent	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
a	O
power-law	B-KEY
relationship	O
exists	O
between	O
a	O
firm	O
's	O
size	O
and	O
the	O
variance	O
of	O
its	O
growth	O
rate	O
.	O
The	O
flatness	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
relation	O
is	O
regarded	O
as	O
puzzling	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
suggests	O
that	O
large	O
firms	O
are	O
not	O
much	O
more	O
stable	O
than	O
small	O
firms	O
.	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
powerlaw	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
reflects	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
correlation	B-KEY
of	O
growth	O
rates	O
across	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
constituent	B-KEY
businesses	I-KEY
.	O
Here	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
independent	O
businesses	O
which	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
these	O
businesses	O
vary	O
in	O
size	O
,	O
as	O
modelled	O
by	O
a	O
simple	O
`	O
partitions	O
of	O
integers	O
'	O
model	O
,	O
provides	O
a	O
good	O
representation	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
observed	O
empirically	O

Motion	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
using	O
modified	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
programming	I-KEY
A	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
computing	O
precise	B-KEY
estimates	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
motion	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
field	I-KEY
of	O
moving	B-KEY
objects	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
images	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
Correspondence	O
vector-field	B-KEY
computation	I-KEY
is	O
formulated	O
as	O
a	O
matching	B-KEY
optimization	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
for	O
multiple	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
images	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
method	O
is	O
a	O
heuristic	B-KEY
modification	I-KEY
of	O
dynamic	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
applied	O
to	O
the	O
2-D	B-KEY
optimization	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
.	O
Motion-vector-field	O
estimates	O
using	O
real	B-KEY
movie	I-KEY
images	I-KEY
demonstrate	O
good	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
algorithm	B-KEY
in	O
terms	O
of	O
dynamic	B-KEY
motion	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY

More	O
constructions	O
for	O
Boolean	B-KEY
algebras	I-KEY
We	O
construct	O
Boolean	B-KEY
algebras	I-KEY
with	O
prescribed	B-KEY
behaviour	I-KEY
concerning	O
depth	O
for	O
the	O
free	B-KEY
product	I-KEY
of	O
two	O
Boolean	B-KEY
algebras	I-KEY
over	O
a	O
third	O
,	O
in	O
ZFC	B-KEY
using	O
pcf	O
;	O
assuming	O
squares	O
we	O
get	O
results	O
on	O
ultraproducts	B-KEY
.	O
We	O
also	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
cardinalities	O
and	O
topological	O
density	O
of	O
homomorphic	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
of	O
Boolean	B-KEY
algebras	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
you	O
can	O
translate	O
it	O
to	O
topology-on	O
the	O
cardinalities	O
of	O
closed	O
subspaces	O
-RRB-	O
;	O
and	O
lastly	O
we	O
deal	O
with	O
inequalities	O
between	O
cardinal	B-KEY
invariants	I-KEY
,	O
mainly	O
d	O
-LRB-	O
B	O
-RRB-	O
/	O
sup	O
kappa	O
/	O
<	O
|	O
B	O
|	O
implies	O
ind	O
-LRB-	O
B	O
-RRB-	O
>	O
/	O
sup	O
kappa	O
/	O
V	O
Depth	O
-LRB-	O
B	O
-RRB-	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
log	O
-LRB-	O
|	O
B	O
|	O
-RRB-	O

Factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
preservice	O
teachers	O
'	O
discomfort	O
in	O
a	O
Web-based	B-KEY
course	I-KEY
structured	O
as	O
an	O
inquiry	O
A	O
report	O
is	O
given	O
of	O
a	O
qualitative	B-KEY
emergent	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
study	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
Science	O
,	O
Technology	O
,	O
Society	O
Interaction	O
-LRB-	O
STS	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
Web-enhanced	B-KEY
course	I-KEY
.	O
Students	O
'	O
discomfort	O
during	O
the	O
pilot	O
test	O
provided	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
intellectual	B-KEY
scaffolding	I-KEY
that	O
preservice	B-KEY
secondary	I-KEY
science	I-KEY
teachers	I-KEY
needed	O
to	O
optimize	O
their	O
performance	O
when	O
required	O
to	O
develop	O
understanding	O
through	O
open-ended	B-KEY
inquiry	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
Web	B-KEY
environment	I-KEY
.	O
Eight	O
factors	O
identified	O
contributed	O
to	O
student	B-KEY
discomfort	I-KEY
:	O
computer	B-KEY
skills	I-KEY
,	O
paradigm	B-KEY
shifts	I-KEY
,	O
trust	B-KEY
,	O
time	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
,	O
thinking	B-KEY
about	O
their	O
own	O
thinking	B-KEY
,	O
systematic	B-KEY
inquiry	I-KEY
,	O
self-assessment	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
scientific	B-KEY
discourse	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
factors	O
suggested	O
developing	O
understanding	O
through	O
inquiry	O
by	O
conducting	O
a	O
self-designed	O
,	O
open-ended	O
,	O
systematic	B-KEY
inquiry	I-KEY
required	O
autonomous	B-KEY
learning	I-KEY
involving	O
metacognitive	B-KEY
skills	I-KEY
and	O
time	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
skills	O
.	O
To	O
the	O
extent	O
in	O
which	O
students	O
either	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
course	O
with	O
this	O
scaffolding	O
,	O
or	O
developed	O
it	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
successful	O
in	O
learning	O
about	O
STS	B-KEY
and	O
its	O
relationship	O
to	O
science	B-KEY
teaching	I-KEY
.	O
Changes	O
in	O
the	O
Web	O
site	O
made	O
to	O
accommodate	O
learners	O
'	O
needs	O
as	O
they	O
surfaced	O
are	O
described	O

Computational	O
finite-element	O
schemes	O
for	O
optimal	O
control	O
of	O
an	O
elliptic	O
system	O
with	O
conjugation	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
New	O
optimal	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
problems	I-KEY
are	O
considered	O
for	O
distributed	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
described	O
by	O
elliptic	B-KEY
equations	I-KEY
with	O
conjugate	B-KEY
conditions	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
quadratic	B-KEY
minimized	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
.	O
Highly	O
accurate	O
computational	B-KEY
discretization	I-KEY
schemes	I-KEY
are	O
constructed	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
where	O
a	O
feasible	O
control	O
set	O
u/sub	O
delta	O
/	O
coincides	O
with	O
the	O
full	O
Hilbert	O
space	O
u	O
of	O
controls	O

Efficient	O
two-level	O
image	B-KEY
thresholding	I-KEY
method	O
based	O
on	O
Bayesian	O
formulation	O
and	O
the	O
maximum	O
entropy	O
principle	O
An	O
efficient	O
method	O
for	O
two-level	O
thresholding	O
is	O
proposed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Bayes	O
formula	O
and	O
the	O
maximum	O
entropy	B-KEY
principle	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
no	O
assumptions	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
histogram	O
are	O
made	O
.	O
An	O
alternative	O
criterion	O
is	O
derived	O
based	O
on	O
maximizing	O
entropy	B-KEY
and	O
used	O
for	O
speeding	O
up	O
the	O
searching	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
.	O
Five	O
forms	O
of	O
conditional	O
probability	O
distributions-simple	O
,	O
linear	O
,	O
parabola	B-KEY
concave	I-KEY
,	O
parabola	B-KEY
convex	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
S-function-are	O
employed	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
for	O
optimal	O
threshold	O
determination	O
.	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
precision	O
on	O
optimal	B-KEY
threshold	I-KEY
determination	I-KEY
is	O
discussed	O
and	O
a	O
trade-off	B-KEY
precision	I-KEY
epsilon	O
=	O
0.001	O
is	O
selected	O
experimentally	O
.	O
Our	O
experiments	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
method	O
achieves	O
a	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
speed	O
from	O
26	O
to	O
57	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
exhaustive	O
search	O
method	O

Novel	O
ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
derived	O
from	O
molecular	O
topology	O
and	O
their	O
application	O
to	O
QSAR	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
We	O
introduce	O
several	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
derived	O
directly	O
from	O
two-dimensional	B-KEY
molecular	I-KEY
topology	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
descriptors	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
quantity	O
named	O
ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
correction	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
vertex	B-KEY
degrees	I-KEY
of	O
atoms	O
connected	O
by	O
double	O
bonds	O
in	O
Z	O
and	O
E	O
configurations	O
.	O
This	O
approach	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
described	O
previously	O
for	O
topological	O
chirality	O
descriptors	O
-LRB-	O
Golbraikh	O
,	O
A.	O
,	O
et	O
al.	O
.	O
J.	O
Chem	O
.	O
Inf	O
.	O
Comput	O
.	O
Sci	O
.	O
2001	O
,	O
41	O
,	O
147-158	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
include	O
modified	B-KEY
molecular	I-KEY
connectivity	I-KEY
indices	I-KEY
,	O
overall	B-KEY
Zagreb	I-KEY
indices	I-KEY
,	O
extended	B-KEY
connectivity	I-KEY
,	O
overall	B-KEY
connectivity	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
topological	B-KEY
charge	I-KEY
indices	I-KEY
.	O
They	O
can	O
be	O
either	O
real	O
or	O
complex	B-KEY
numbers	I-KEY
.	O
Mathematical	O
properties	O
of	O
different	O
subgroups	O
of	O
ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
are	O
discussed	O
.	O
These	O
descriptors	O
circumvent	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
conventional	O
topological	O
indices	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
Z	O
and	O
E	O
isomers	O
.	O
The	O
applicability	O
of	O
ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
to	O
QSAR	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
is	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
the	O
studies	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
131	O
anticancer	B-KEY
agents	I-KEY
inhibiting	O
tubulin	B-KEY
polymerization	I-KEY

The	O
service	B-KEY
side	I-KEY
of	O
systems	B-KEY
librarianship	I-KEY
Describes	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
systems	O
librarian	O
at	O
a	O
small	B-KEY
academic	I-KEY
library	I-KEY
.	O
Although	O
online	B-KEY
catalogs	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
are	O
making	O
library	O
accessibility	O
more	O
convenient	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
library	O
buildings	O
and	O
professionals	O
has	O
not	O
diminished	O
.	O
Typical	O
duties	O
of	O
a	O
systems	O
librarian	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
new	O
technology	O
on	O
librarianship	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O
Services	O
provided	O
to	O
other	O
constituencies	O
on	O
campus	O
and	O
the	O
blurring	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
library	O
and	O
computer	O
services	O
are	O
also	O
presented	O

Spam	O
solution	O
?	O
The	O
author	O
describes	O
a	O
solution	O
to	O
spam	B-KEY
E-mails	I-KEY
:	O
disposable	B-KEY
E-mail	I-KEY
addresses	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DEA	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Mailshell	B-KEY
's	O
free	O
trial	O
Web-based	B-KEY
E-mail	I-KEY
service	O
allows	O
you	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
start	O
getting	O
spammed	O
on	O
that	O
DEA	O
,	O
just	O
to	O
delete	O
the	O
DEA	O
in	O
Mailshell	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
all	O
E-mail	O
thereafter	O
sent	O
to	O
that	O
address	O
will	O
automatically	O
be	O
junked	O
-LRB-	O
though	O
you	O
can	O
later	O
restore	O
that	O
address	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Mailshell	B-KEY
allows	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
DEA	O

Multiple	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
adaptive	I-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
with	O
filter	B-KEY
spawning	I-KEY
Multiple	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
adaptive	I-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MMAE	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
with	O
filter	B-KEY
spawning	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
estimate	O
partial	B-KEY
actuator	I-KEY
failures	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
VISTA	B-KEY
F-16	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
truth	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
full	O
six-degree-of-freedom	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
provided	O
by	O
Calspan	B-KEY
and	O
General	B-KEY
Dynamics	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
design	O
models	O
are	O
chosen	O
as	O
13-state	O
linearized	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
,	O
including	O
first	O
order	O
actuator	O
models	O
.	O
Actuator	O
failures	O
are	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
truth	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
and	O
design	O
model	O
assuming	O
a	O
``	O
failure	O
to	O
free	O
stream	O
.	O
''	O
Filter	B-KEY
spawning	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
to	O
include	O
additional	O
filters	O
with	O
partial	B-KEY
actuator	I-KEY
failure	I-KEY
hypotheses	O
into	O
the	O
MMAE	B-KEY
bank	O
.	O
The	O
spawned	O
filters	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
varying	O
degrees	O
of	O
partial	B-KEY
failures	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
effectiveness	O
-RRB-	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
complete-actuaton-failure	O
hypothesis	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
conditional	B-KEY
probability	I-KEY
of	O
correctness	O
at	O
the	O
current	O
time	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
a	O
blended	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
failure	O
effectiveness	O
is	O
found	O
using	O
the	O
filters	O
'	O
estimates	O
based	O
upon	O
a	O
no-failure	B-KEY
hypothesis	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
complete	O
actuator	O
failure	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
spawned	O
filters	O
'	O
partial-failure	O
hypotheses	O
.	O
This	O
yields	O
substantial	O
precision	O
in	O
effectiveness	O
estimation	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
what	O
is	O
possible	O
without	O
spawning	O
additional	O
filters	O
,	O
making	O
partial	B-KEY
failure	I-KEY
adaptation	O
a	O
viable	O
methodology	O

Product	O
and	O
process	O
innovations	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
an	O
industry	O
Filson	O
-LRB-	O
2001	O
-RRB-	O
uses	O
industry-level	O
data	O
on	O
firm	O
numbers	O
,	O
price	O
,	O
quantity	O
and	O
quality	O
along	O
with	O
an	O
equilibrium	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
industry	B-KEY
evolution	I-KEY
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
nature	O
and	O
effects	O
of	O
quality	O
and	O
cost	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
personal	O
computer	O
industry	O
and	O
four	O
other	O
new	O
industries	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
studies	O
the	O
personal	O
computer	O
industry	O
in	O
more	O
detail	O
and	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
model	O
explains	O
some	O
peculiar	O
patterns	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
previous	O
life-cycle	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
model	O
estimates	O
are	O
evaluated	O
using	O
historical	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
personal	O
computer	O
industry	O
and	O
patterns	O
that	O
require	O
further	O
model	O
development	O
are	O
described	O

World	O
's	O
biggest	O
battery	O
helps	O
to	O
stabilise	O
Alaska	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
describes	O
a	O
battery	B-KEY
energy	I-KEY
storage	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
which	O
is	O
under	O
construction	O
to	O
provide	O
voltage	B-KEY
compensation	I-KEY
in	O
support	O
of	O
Alaska	O
's	O
138	B-KEY
kV	I-KEY
Northern	O
Intertie	O

``	O
Hidden	B-KEY
convexity	I-KEY
''	O
of	O
finite-dimensional	B-KEY
stationary	I-KEY
linear	I-KEY
discrete-time	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
under	O
conical	B-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
New	O
properties	O
of	O
finite-dimensional	O
linear	O
discrete-time	O
systems	O
under	O
conical	O
control	B-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
``	O
hidden	B-KEY
convexity	I-KEY
''	O
of	O
continuous-time	O
systems	O
are	O
studied	O

Efficient	O
computation	O
of	O
local	O
geometric	O
moments	O
Local	O
moments	O
have	O
attracted	O
attention	O
as	O
local	B-KEY
features	I-KEY
in	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
edge	B-KEY
detection	I-KEY
and	O
texture	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
main	O
reason	O
for	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
inherently	O
integral-based	B-KEY
features	I-KEY
,	O
so	O
that	O
their	O
use	O
reduces	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
uncorrelated	O
noise	O
.	O
The	O
computation	O
of	O
local	O
moments	O
,	O
when	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
neighborhood	B-KEY
operation	I-KEY
,	O
can	O
be	O
interpreted	O
as	O
a	O
convolution	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
with	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
masks	O
.	O
Nevertheless	O
,	O
moments	O
computed	O
inside	O
overlapping	B-KEY
windows	I-KEY
are	O
not	O
independent	O
and	O
convolution	O
does	O
not	O
take	O
this	O
fact	O
into	O
account	O
.	O
By	O
introducing	O
a	O
matrix	B-KEY
formulation	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
accumulation	B-KEY
moments	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
paper	O
presents	O
an	O
algorithm	O
which	O
is	O
computationally	O
much	O
more	O
efficient	O
than	O
convolving	O
and	O
yet	O
as	O
simple	O

Effects	O
of	O
white	O
space	O
in	O
learning	O
via	O
the	O
Web	O
This	O
study	O
measured	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
specific	O
white	B-KEY
space	I-KEY
features	I-KEY
on	O
learning	O
from	O
instructional	O
Web	O
materials	O
.	O
The	O
study	O
also	O
measured	O
learners	O
'	O
beliefs	O
regarding	O
Web-based	B-KEY
instruction	I-KEY
.	O
Prior	O
research	O
indicated	O
that	O
small	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
handling	O
of	O
presentation	B-KEY
elements	O
can	O
affect	O
learning	O
.	O
Achievement	O
results	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
in	O
on-line	O
materials	O
,	O
when	O
content	O
and	O
overall	O
structure	O
are	O
sound	O
,	O
minor	O
differences	O
regarding	O
table	B-KEY
borders	I-KEY
and	O
vertical	O
spacing	O
in	O
text	O
do	O
not	O
hinder	O
learning	O
.	O
Beliefs	O
regarding	O
Web-based	B-KEY
instruction	I-KEY
and	O
instructors	O
who	O
use	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
treatment	O
groups	O
.	O
Implications	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
cautions	O
regarding	O
generalizing	O
from	O
the	O
results	O
are	O
discussed	O

Press	B-KEY
shop	I-KEY
.	O
Industrial	B-KEY
IT	I-KEY
solutions	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
press	B-KEY
shop	I-KEY
Globalization	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
markets	O
is	O
challenging	O
the	O
traditional	O
limits	O
of	O
manufacturing	B-KEY
efficiency	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
competitive	O
advantage	O
belongs	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
understand	O
the	O
new	O
requirements	O
and	O
opportunities	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
commit	O
to	O
integrated	O
solutions	O
that	O
span	O
the	O
value	O
chain	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
from	O
demand	O
to	O
production	O
.	O
ABB	O
's	O
automation	B-KEY
and	O
IT	O
expertise	O
and	O
the	O
process	O
know-how	O
gained	O
from	O
its	O
long	O
involvement	O
with	O
the	O
automotive	O
industry	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
brought	O
together	O
in	O
new	O
,	O
state-of-the-art	B-KEY
software	B-KEY
solutions	I-KEY
for	O
press	B-KEY
shops	I-KEY
.	O
Integrated	O
into	O
Industrial	O
IT	O
architecture	O
,	O
they	O
allow	O
the	O
full	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
shops	O
to	O
be	O
realized	O
,	O
with	O
advantages	O
at	O
every	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
supply	B-KEY
chain	I-KEY

Information	O
architecture	O
without	O
internal	B-KEY
theory	I-KEY
:	O
an	O
inductive	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
This	O
article	O
suggests	O
that	O
Information	O
Architecture	O
-LRB-	O
IA	O
-RRB-	O
design	O
is	O
primarily	O
an	O
inductive	O
process	O
.	O
Although	O
top-level	O
goals	O
,	O
user	O
attributes	O
and	O
available	O
content	O
are	O
periodically	O
considered	O
,	O
the	O
process	O
involves	O
bottom-up	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
activities	I-KEY
.	O
IA	O
is	O
inductive	O
partly	O
because	O
it	O
lacks	O
internal	B-KEY
theory	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
partly	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
activity	O
that	O
supports	O
emergent	B-KEY
phenomena	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
user	B-KEY
experiences	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
from	O
basic	O
design	O
components	O
.	O
The	O
nature	O
of	O
IA	O
design	O
is	O
well	O
described	O
by	O
Constructive	B-KEY
Induction	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CI	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
design	O
process	O
that	O
involves	O
locating	O
the	O
best	O
representational	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
problem	O
,	O
identifying	O
a	O
solution	O
within	O
that	O
framework	O
and	O
translating	O
it	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
problem	O
at	O
hand	O
.	O
The	O
future	O
of	O
IA	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
remains	O
inductive	O
or	O
develops	O
a	O
body	O
of	O
theory	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
both	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
is	O
considered	O

What	O
you	O
get	O
is	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
-LSB-	O
Web	B-KEY
performance	I-KEY
monitoring	O
-RSB-	O
To	O
get	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
performance	O
from	O
your	O
Web	B-KEY
infrastructure	I-KEY
,	O
you	O
'll	O
need	O
a	O
complete	O
view	O
.	O
Do	O
n't	O
neglect	O
the	O
big	O
picture	O
because	O
you	O
're	O
too	O
busy	O
concentrating	O
on	O
details	O
.	O
The	O
increasing	O
complexity	O
of	O
Web	B-KEY
sites	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
content	O
they	O
provide	O
has	O
consequently	O
increased	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
that	O
supports	O
them	O
.	O
But	O
with	O
some	O
knowledge	O
of	O
networking	B-KEY
,	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
useful	O
tools	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
insight	O
that	O
those	O
tools	O
provide	O
,	O
designing	O
and	O
operating	O
for	O
optimal	O
performance	O
and	O
reliability	B-KEY
is	O
within	O
your	O
grasp	O

Identification	B-KEY
of	O
evolving	O
fuzzy	O
rule-based	O
models	O
An	O
approach	O
to	O
identification	B-KEY
of	O
evolving	O
fuzzy	O
rule-based	O
-LRB-	O
eR	O
-RRB-	O
models	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
eR	O
models	O
implement	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
noniterative	B-KEY
update	I-KEY
of	O
both	O
the	O
rule-base	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
and	O
parameters	O
by	O
incremental	B-KEY
unsupervised	I-KEY
learning	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
rule-base	O
evolves	O
by	O
adding	O
more	O
informative	O
rules	O
than	O
those	O
that	O
previously	O
formed	O
the	O
model	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
existing	O
rules	O
can	O
be	O
replaced	O
with	O
new	O
rules	O
based	O
on	O
ranking	B-KEY
using	O
the	O
informative	B-KEY
potential	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
rule-base	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
is	O
inherited	O
and	O
updated	O
when	O
new	O
informative	O
data	O
become	O
available	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
completely	O
retrained	O
.	O
The	O
adaptive	O
nature	O
of	O
these	O
evolving	O
rule-based	O
models	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
the	O
highly	O
transparent	O
and	O
compact	O
form	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
rules	I-KEY
,	O
makes	O
them	O
a	O
promising	O
candidate	O
for	O
modeling	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
complex	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
,	O
competitive	O
to	O
neural	O
networks	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
has	O
been	O
tested	O
on	O
a	O
benchmark	O
problem	O
and	O
on	O
an	O
air-conditioning	B-KEY
component	I-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
application	O
using	O
data	O
from	O
an	O
installation	O
serving	O
a	O
real	O
building	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
illustrate	O
the	O
viability	O
and	O
efficiency	O
of	O
the	O
approach	O

Baseball	O
,	O
optimization	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
World	B-KEY
Wide	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
The	O
competition	O
for	O
baseball	O
play-off	O
spots-the	O
fabled	O
pennant	O
race-is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
closely	O
watched	O
American	O
sports	O
traditions	O
.	O
While	O
play-off	B-KEY
race	I-KEY
statistics	I-KEY
,	O
such	O
as	O
games	B-KEY
back	I-KEY
and	O
magic	B-KEY
number	I-KEY
,	O
are	O
informative	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
overly	O
conservative	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
remaining	O
schedule	O
of	O
games	O
.	O
Using	O
optimization	B-KEY
techniques	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
model	O
schedule	O
effects	O
explicitly	O
and	O
determine	O
precisely	O
when	O
a	O
team	O
has	O
secured	O
a	O
play-off	O
spot	O
or	O
has	O
been	O
eliminated	O
from	O
contention	O
.	O
The	O
RIOT	B-KEY
Baseball	I-KEY
Play-off	I-KEY
Races	I-KEY
Web	I-KEY
site	I-KEY
developed	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
provides	O
automatic	O
updates	O
of	O
new	O
,	O
optimization-based	O
play-off	B-KEY
race	I-KEY
statistics	I-KEY
each	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
league	O
baseball	O
season	O
.	O
In	O
developing	O
the	O
site	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
determine	O
the	O
first-place	O
elimination	O
status	O
of	O
all	O
teams	O
in	O
a	O
division	O
using	O
a	O
single	O
linear-programming	O
formulation	O
,	O
since	O
a	O
minimum	B-KEY
win	I-KEY
threshold	I-KEY
for	O
teams	O
finishing	O
in	O
first	O
place	O
applies	O
to	O
all	O
teams	O
in	O
a	O
division	O
.	O
We	O
identified	O
a	O
similar	O
-LRB-	O
but	O
weaker	O
-RRB-	O
result	O
for	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
play-off	O
elimination	O
with	O
wildcard	O
teams	O

Plenoptic	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
editing	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
new	O
class	O
of	O
interactive	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
editing	I-KEY
operations	I-KEY
designed	O
to	O
maintain	O
consistency	O
between	O
multiple	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
physical	B-KEY
3D	I-KEY
scene	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
distinguishing	O
feature	O
of	O
these	O
operations	O
is	O
that	O
edits	O
to	O
any	O
one	O
image	O
propagate	O
automatically	O
to	O
all	O
other	O
images	O
as	O
if	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
unknown	O
-RRB-	O
3D	O
scene	O
had	O
itself	O
been	O
modified	O
.	O
The	O
modified	B-KEY
scene	I-KEY
can	O
then	O
be	O
viewed	O
interactively	O
from	O
any	O
other	O
camera	B-KEY
viewpoint	I-KEY
and	O
under	O
different	O
scene	O
illuminations	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
is	O
useful	O
first	O
as	O
a	O
power-assist	O
that	O
enables	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
quickly	O
modify	O
many	O
images	O
by	O
editing	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
,	O
and	O
second	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
for	O
constructing	O
and	O
editing	O
image-based	B-KEY
scene	I-KEY
representations	I-KEY
by	O
manipulating	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
photographs	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
works	O
by	O
extending	O
operations	O
like	O
image	B-KEY
painting	I-KEY
,	O
scissoring	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
morphing	B-KEY
so	O
that	O
they	O
alter	O
a	O
scene	O
's	O
plenoptic	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
physically-consistent	O
way	O
,	O
thereby	O
affecting	O
scene	O
appearance	O
from	O
all	O
viewpoints	O
simultaneously	O
.	O
A	O
key	O
element	O
in	O
realizing	O
these	O
operations	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
volumetric	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
for	O
reconstructing	O
an	O
scene	O
's	O
plenoptic	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
from	O
an	O
incomplete	O
set	O
of	O
camera	B-KEY
viewpoints	I-KEY

Quantum	B-KEY
market	I-KEY
games	I-KEY
We	O
propose	O
a	O
quantum-like	O
description	O
of	O
markets	O
and	O
economics	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
approach	O
has	O
roots	O
in	O
the	O
recently	O
developed	O
quantum	B-KEY
game	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY

Location	O
of	O
transport	B-KEY
nets	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
heterogeneous	B-KEY
territory	I-KEY
The	O
location	O
of	O
transport	B-KEY
routes	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
heterogeneous	B-KEY
territory	I-KEY
is	O
studied	O
.	O
The	O
network	O
joins	O
a	O
given	O
set	O
of	O
terminal	B-KEY
points	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
certain	O
number	O
of	O
additional	O
-LRB-	O
branch	O
-RRB-	O
points	O
.	O
The	O
problem	O
is	O
formulated	O
,	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
optimal	O
solution	O
for	O
a.	O
tree-like	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
branch	B-KEY
points	I-KEY
are	O
studied	O
.	O
A	O
stepwise	B-KEY
optimization	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
a.	O
network	O
with	O
given	O
adjacency	B-KEY
matrix	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
an	O
algorithm	O
for	O
constructing	O
minimal-cost	O
routes	O
is	O
designed	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
optimal	B-KEY
routing	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
torus	B-KEY
A	O
routing	O
policy	O
is	O
the	O
method	O
used	O
to	O
select	O
a	O
specific	O
output	O
channel	O
for	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
among	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
acceptable	O
output	O
channels	O
.	O
An	O
optimal	B-KEY
routing	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
policy	O
that	O
maximizes	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
a	O
message	O
reaching	O
its	O
destination	O
without	O
delays	O
.	O
Optimal	B-KEY
routing	I-KEY
policies	I-KEY
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
for	O
several	O
regular	O
networks	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
mesh	O
and	O
the	O
hypercube	B-KEY
.	O
An	O
open	O
problem	O
in	O
interconnection	O
network	O
research	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
an	O
optimal	B-KEY
routing	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
torus	B-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
optimal	B-KEY
routing	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
torus	B-KEY
.	O
Our	O
result	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
presenting	O
a	O
detailed	O
example	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
best	O
choice	O
of	O
output	O
channel	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
each	O
channel	O
being	O
available	O
.	O
This	O
result	O
settles	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
negative	O
,	O
a	O
conjecture	O
by	O
J.	O
Wu	O
-LRB-	O
1996	O
-RRB-	O
concerning	O
an	O
optimal	B-KEY
routing	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
torus	B-KEY

A	O
conceptual	O
framework	O
for	O
evaluation	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
investments	I-KEY
The	O
decision	O
to	O
acquire	O
a	O
new	O
information	O
technology	O
poses	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
serious	O
evaluation	O
and	O
selection	O
problems	O
to	O
technology	B-KEY
managers	I-KEY
,	O
because	O
the	O
new	O
system	O
must	O
not	O
only	O
meet	O
current	O
information	B-KEY
requirements	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
organisation	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
needs	O
for	O
future	O
expansion	O
.	O
Tangible	O
and	O
intangible	B-KEY
benefits	I-KEY
factors	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
risks	B-KEY
factors	I-KEY
,	O
must	O
be	O
identified	O
and	O
evaluated	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
provides	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
ten	O
major	O
evaluation	B-KEY
categories	I-KEY
and	O
available	O
models	O
,	O
which	O
fall	O
under	O
each	O
category	O
,	O
showing	O
their	O
advantages	O
and	O
disadvantages	O
in	O
handling	O
the	O
above	O
difficulties	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
strategic	O
implications	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
selection	B-KEY
decision	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
inherent	O
difficulties	O
in	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
choosing	O
or	O
developing	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
obtaining	O
realistic	O
inputs	O
for	O
the	O
model	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
making	O
tradeoffs	B-KEY
among	O
the	O
conflicting	O
factors	O
.	O
It	O
proposes	O
a	O
conceptual	O
framework	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
decision	B-KEY
maker	I-KEY
in	O
choosing	O
the	O
most	O
appropriate	O
methodology	O
in	O
the	O
evaluation	O
process	O
.	O
It	O
also	O
offers	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
,	O
called	O
GAHP	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
problem	O
combining	O
integer	O
goal	O
linear	O
programming	O
and	O
analytic	B-KEY
hierarchy	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
AHP	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
hybrid	B-KEY
multiple	I-KEY
objective	I-KEY
multi-criteria	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
goal	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
methodology	I-KEY
,	O
with	O
zero-one	B-KEY
integer	I-KEY
variables	I-KEY
and	O
mixed	B-KEY
integer	I-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
,	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
set	O
goal	B-KEY
target	I-KEY
values	I-KEY
against	O
which	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
alternatives	I-KEY
are	O
evaluated	O
and	O
selected	O
.	O
AHP	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
structure	O
the	O
evaluation	O
process	O
providing	O
pairwise	B-KEY
comparison	I-KEY
mechanisms	I-KEY
to	O
quantify	O
subjective	O
,	O
nonmonetary	O
,	O
intangible	B-KEY
benefits	I-KEY
and	O
risks	B-KEY
factors	I-KEY
,	O
in	O
deriving	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
model	O
.	O
A	O
case	O
illustration	O
is	O
provided	O
showing	O
how	O
GAHP	O
can	O
be	O
formulated	O
and	O
solved	O

Computer	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
to	O
generate	O
operant	O
schedules	O
A	O
computer	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
for	O
programming	O
schedules	O
of	O
reinforcement	O
is	O
described	O
.	O
Students	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
experience	O
schedules	O
of	O
reinforcement	O
that	O
are	O
typically	O
used	O
with	O
nonhuman	B-KEY
subjects	I-KEY
.	O
Accumulative	O
recording	O
of	O
a	O
student	O
's	O
response	O
can	O
be	O
shown	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
and/or	O
printed	O
with	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
printer	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
program	O
operant	O
schedules	O
for	O
animal	B-KEY
subjects	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
program	O
was	O
tested	O
with	O
human	B-KEY
subjects	I-KEY
experiencing	O
fixed	O
ratio	O
,	O
variable	O
ratio	O
,	O
fixed	O
interval	O
,	O
and	O
variable	B-KEY
interval	I-KEY
schedules	I-KEY
.	O
Performance	O
for	O
human	B-KEY
subjects	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
given	O
schedule	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
performance	O
for	O
nonhuman	B-KEY
subjects	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
same	O
schedule	O

The	O
California	B-KEY
Digital	I-KEY
Library	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
eScholarship	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
The	O
eScholarship	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
was	O
launched	O
in	O
2000	O
to	O
foster	O
faculty-led	B-KEY
innovation	I-KEY
in	O
scholarly	B-KEY
publishing	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
initiative	O
of	O
the	O
University	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
California	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
UC	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
a	O
program	O
of	O
the	O
California	B-KEY
Digital	I-KEY
Library	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
eScholarship	B-KEY
program	I-KEY
has	O
stimulated	O
significant	O
interest	O
in	O
its	O
short	O
life	O
.	O
Its	O
modest	O
but	O
visible	O
accomplishments	O
garner	O
praise	O
from	O
many	O
quarters	O
,	O
within	O
and	O
beyond	O
the	O
University	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
California	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
perhaps	O
the	O
best	O
indication	O
of	O
its	O
timeliness	O
and	O
momentum	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
more	O
proposals	O
submitted	O
to	O
eScholarship	O
today	O
than	O
the	O
CDL	O
can	O
manage	O
.	O
This	O
early	O
success	O
is	O
due	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
the	O
sheer	O
power	O
of	O
an	O
idea	O
whose	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
the	O
unique	O
approach	O
on	O
which	O
CDL	O
was	O
founded	O
and	O
the	O
eScholarship	O
initiative	O
was	O
first	O
launched	O

Fuzzy	O
control	O
of	O
multivariable	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
by	O
modified	B-KEY
error	I-KEY
decoupling	I-KEY
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
a	O
control	O
concept	O
for	O
the	O
squared	O
-LRB-	O
equal	O
number	O
of	O
inputs	O
and	O
outputs	O
-RRB-	O
multivariable	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
systems	O
is	O
given	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
control	O
system	O
consists	O
of	O
two	O
parts	O
,	O
single	O
loop	O
fuzzy	O
controllers	O
in	O
each	O
loop	O
and	O
a	O
centralized	B-KEY
decoupling	I-KEY
unit	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
fuzzy	O
control	O
system	O
uses	O
feedback	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
error	O
in	O
the	O
loop	O
and	O
the	O
decoupler	O
uses	O
an	O
adaptive	O
technique	O
to	O
mitigate	O
loop	O
interactions	O
.	O
The	O
decoupler	O
predicts	O
the	O
interacting	O
loop	O
changes	O
and	O
modifies	O
the	O
input	O
-LRB-	O
error	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	O
loop	O
controller	O
.	O
The	O
controller	O
was	O
tested	O
on	O
the	O
simulation	O
model	O
of	O
``	O
single	O
component	O
vaporizer	O
''	O
process	O

Lossy	O
to	O
lossless	B-KEY
object-based	I-KEY
coding	I-KEY
of	O
3-D	B-KEY
MRI	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
We	O
propose	O
a	O
fully	O
three-dimensional	O
-LRB-	O
3-D	O
-RRB-	O
object-based	O
coding	O
system	O
exploiting	O
the	O
diagnostic	B-KEY
relevance	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
volumetric	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
for	O
rate	B-KEY
allocation	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
data	O
are	O
first	O
decorrelated	O
via	O
a	O
3-D	B-KEY
discrete	I-KEY
wavelet	I-KEY
transform	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
implementation	O
via	O
the	O
lifting	B-KEY
steps	I-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
allows	O
to	O
map	O
integer-to-integer	B-KEY
values	I-KEY
,	O
enabling	O
lossless	O
coding	O
,	O
and	O
facilitates	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
the	O
object-based	B-KEY
inverse	I-KEY
transform	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
coding	O
process	O
assigns	O
disjoint	B-KEY
segments	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
bitstream	B-KEY
to	O
the	O
different	O
objects	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
independently	O
accessed	O
and	O
reconstructed	O
at	O
any	O
up-to-lossless	O
quality	O
.	O
Two	O
fully	O
3-D	O
coding	O
strategies	O
are	O
considered	O
:	O
embedded	B-KEY
zerotree	I-KEY
coding	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
EZW-3D	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
multidimensional	B-KEY
layered	I-KEY
zero	I-KEY
coding	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MLZC	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
both	O
generalized	O
for	O
region	O
of	O
interest	O
-LRB-	O
ROI	O
-RRB-	O
-	O
based	O
processing	O
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
avoid	O
artifacts	O
along	O
region	B-KEY
boundaries	I-KEY
,	O
some	O
extra	O
coefficients	O
must	O
be	O
encoded	O
for	O
each	O
object	O
.	O
This	O
gives	O
rise	O
to	O
an	O
overheading	O
of	O
the	O
bitstream	B-KEY
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
case	O
where	O
the	O
volume	O
is	O
encoded	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O
The	O
amount	O
of	O
such	O
extra	O
information	O
depends	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
filter	B-KEY
length	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
decomposition	B-KEY
depth	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
system	O
is	O
characterized	O
on	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
head	B-KEY
magnetic	I-KEY
resonance	I-KEY
images	I-KEY
.	O
Results	O
show	O
that	O
MLZC	O
and	O
EZW-3D	B-KEY
have	O
competitive	O
performances	O
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
MLZC	O
mode	O
outperforms	O
the	O
others	O
state-of-the-art	O
techniques	O
on	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
datasets	O
for	O
which	O
results	O
are	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
CAUL	O
-LRB-	O
Council	O
of	O
Australian	O
Libraries	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
consortial	B-KEY
purchasing	I-KEY
The	O
Council	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Australian	I-KEY
University	I-KEY
Librarians	I-KEY
,	O
constituted	O
in	O
1965	O
for	O
the	O
purposes	O
of	O
cooperative	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
assumed	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
consortial	B-KEY
purchasing	I-KEY
agent	O
in	O
1996	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
its	O
members	O
and	O
associate	O
organisations	O
in	O
Australia	B-KEY
and	O
New	B-KEY
Zealand	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
role	O
continues	O
to	O
grow	O
in	O
tandem	O
with	O
the	O
burgeoning	O
of	O
electronic	B-KEY
publication	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
acceptance	O
of	O
publishers	O
of	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
dealing	O
with	O
consortia	O
.	O
The	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
Australian	O
university	O
community	O
overlap	O
significantly	O
with	O
consortia	O
in	O
North	B-KEY
America	I-KEY
and	O
Europe	B-KEY
,	O
but	O
important	O
differences	O
are	O
highlighted	O

Fresh	O
tracks	O
-LSB-	O
food	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
Bar	B-KEY
code	I-KEY
labels	I-KEY
and	O
wireless	B-KEY
terminals	I-KEY
linked	O
to	O
a	O
centralized	O
database	O
accurately	O
track	O
meat	O
products	O
from	O
receiving	O
to	O
customers	O
for	O
Farmland	B-KEY
Foods	I-KEY

Generalized	B-KEY
confidence	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
statistically	B-KEY
indeterminate	I-KEY
random	I-KEY
vector	I-KEY
A	O
problem	O
is	O
considered	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
confidence	O
sets	O
for	O
a	O
random	O
vector	O
,	O
the	O
information	O
on	O
distribution	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
of	O
which	O
is	O
incomplete	O
.	O
To	O
obtain	O
exact	O
estimates	O
and	O
a	O
detailed	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
the	O
notion	O
is	O
introduced	O
of	O
a	O
generalized	B-KEY
confidence	I-KEY
set	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
statistically	B-KEY
indeterminate	I-KEY
random	I-KEY
vector	I-KEY
.	O
Properties	O
of	O
generalized	B-KEY
confidence	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
are	O
studied	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
standard	O
method	O
of	O
estimation	O
,	O
which	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
unification	O
of	O
confidence	O
sets	O
,	O
leads	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
to	O
wider	O
confidence	O
estimates	O
.	O
For	O
a	O
normally	B-KEY
distributed	I-KEY
random	I-KEY
vector	I-KEY
with	O
an	O
inaccurately	O
known	O
mean	O
value	O
,	O
generalized	B-KEY
confidence	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
are	O
built	O
tip	O
and	O
the	O
dependence	O
of	O
sizes	O
of	O
a	O
generalized	B-KEY
confidence	I-KEY
set	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
forms	O
and	O
parameters	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
possible	O
mean	O
values	O
is	O
examined	O

Virtual	O
borders	O
,	O
real	O
laws	O
-LSB-	O
Internet	B-KEY
activity	I-KEY
and	O
treaties	O
-RSB-	O
National	B-KEY
governments	I-KEY
are	O
working	O
to	O
tame	O
activity	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
They	O
have	O
worked	O
steadily	O
to	O
extend	O
control	O
over	O
online	B-KEY
activities	I-KEY
that	O
they	O
believe	O
affect	O
their	O
interests	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
activities	O
occur	O
outside	O
their	O
borders	O
.	O
These	O
usually	O
involve	O
what	O
governments	O
regard	O
as	O
their	O
domain	O
:	O
protecting	O
public	O
order	O
,	O
enforcing	O
commercial	O
laws	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
occasionally	O
,	O
protecting	O
consumer	O
interests	O
.	O
Methods	O
have	O
included	O
assertions	O
or	O
legal	B-KEY
jurisdiction	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
where	O
material	O
is	O
accessible	O
instead	O
of	O
where	O
it	O
originates	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
blocking	O
of	O
sites	O
,	O
service	O
providers	O
,	O
or	O
entire	O
high	O
level	O
domains	O
from	O
access	O
by	O
citizens	O
.	O
Such	O
instances	O
are	O
mentioned	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
.	O
Whilst	O
larger	O
companies	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
defend	O
themselves	O
against	O
overseas	O
lawsuits	B-KEY
,	O
individuals	O
and	O
smaller	O
organizations	O
lack	O
the	O
resources	O
to	O
defend	O
what	O
are	O
often	O
normal	O
business	O
activities	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
violate	O
the	O
laws	O
of	O
local	O
jurisdictions	O
in	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
The	O
problems	O
of	O
libel	O
are	O
discussed	O
as	O
are	O
the	O
blocking	O
of	O
certain	O
sites	O
by	O
certain	O
countries	O
.	O
Efforts	O
to	O
draw	O
up	O
Internet	B-KEY
treaties	I-KEY
are	O
also	O
mentioned	O

A	O
method	O
for	O
solution	O
of	O
systems	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
algebraic	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
with	O
m-dimensional	O
lambda	O
-	O
matrices	O
A	O
system	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
algebraic	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
with	O
m-dimensional	O
lambda	O
-	O
matrices	O
is	O
considered	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
method	O
of	O
searching	O
for	O
the	O
solution	O
of	O
this	O
system	O
lies	O
in	O
reducing	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
numerical	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
special	O
kind	O

Development	O
of	O
a	O
health	B-KEY
guidance	I-KEY
support	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
for	O
lifestyle	B-KEY
improvement	I-KEY
The	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
automated	O
advice	O
for	O
lifestyle	O
adjustment	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
questionnaire	B-KEY
and	O
medical	B-KEY
examination	I-KEY
or	O
health	B-KEY
checkup	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
system	O
was	O
developed	O
that	O
gathers	O
data	O
based	O
on	O
questions	O
regarding	O
weight	B-KEY
gain	I-KEY
,	O
exercise	B-KEY
,	O
smoking	B-KEY
,	O
sleep	B-KEY
,	O
eating	B-KEY
habits	I-KEY
,	O
salt	B-KEY
intake	I-KEY
,	O
animal	B-KEY
fat	I-KEY
intake	I-KEY
,	O
snacks	B-KEY
,	O
alcohol	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
oral	B-KEY
hygiene	I-KEY
,	O
body	B-KEY
mass	I-KEY
index	I-KEY
,	O
resting	B-KEY
blood	I-KEY
pressure	I-KEY
,	O
fasting	B-KEY
blood	I-KEY
sugar	I-KEY
,	O
total	B-KEY
cholesterol	I-KEY
,	O
triglycerides	B-KEY
,	O
uric	B-KEY
acid	I-KEY
and	O
liver	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
tests	I-KEY
.	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
lifestyle	O
data	O
and	O
the	O
health	B-KEY
checkup	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
health	O
assessment	O
sheet	O
was	O
generated	O
for	O
persons	O
being	O
allocated	O
to	O
a	O
multiple-risk	O
factor	O
syndrome	O
group	O
.	O
Health	O
assessment	O
and	O
useful	O
advice	O
for	O
lifestyle	B-KEY
improvement	I-KEY
were	O
automatically	O
extracted	O
with	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
toward	O
the	O
high	O
risk	O
group	O
for	O
life	O
style	O
related	O
diseases	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
is	O
operational	O
.	O
In	O
comparison	O
with	O
conventional	O
,	O
limited	O
advice	O
methods	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
practical	O
system	O
that	O
defined	O
the	O
necessity	O
for	O
lifestyle	B-KEY
improvement	I-KEY
more	O
clearly	O
,	O
and	O
made	O
giving	O
advice	O
easier	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
EAD	B-KEY
adoption	I-KEY
on	O
archival	B-KEY
programs	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
pilot	O
survey	O
of	O
early	O
implementers	O
The	O
article	O
reports	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
survey	O
conducted	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
impact	O
that	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
Encoded	B-KEY
Archival	I-KEY
Description	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
EAD	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
on	O
archival	B-KEY
programs	I-KEY
.	O
By	O
gathering	O
data	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
funding	B-KEY
,	O
staffing	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
EAD	B-KEY
programs	I-KEY
and	O
about	O
institutional	B-KEY
goals	I-KEY
for	O
EAD	B-KEY
implementation	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
study	O
explored	O
how	O
EAD	O
has	O
affected	O
the	O
operations	O
of	O
the	O
institutions	O
which	O
are	O
utilizing	O
it	O
and	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
EAD	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
regular	B-KEY
repository	I-KEY
functions	I-KEY

Using	O
latent	B-KEY
semantic	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
to	O
assess	O
reader	O
strategies	O
We	O
tested	O
a	O
computer-based	B-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
for	O
assessing	O
reader	O
strategies	O
that	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
verbal	B-KEY
protocols	I-KEY
that	O
utilized	O
latent	B-KEY
semantic	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
LSA	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Students	O
were	O
given	O
self-explanation-reading	B-KEY
training	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SERT	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
teaches	O
strategies	O
that	O
facilitate	O
self-explanation	O
during	O
reading	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
elaboration	B-KEY
based	O
on	O
world	B-KEY
knowledge	I-KEY
and	O
bridging	O
between	O
text	O
sentences	O
.	O
During	O
a	O
computerized	O
version	O
of	O
SERT	O
practice	O
,	O
students	O
read	O
texts	O
and	O
typed	O
self-explanations	O
into	O
a	O
computer	O
after	O
each	O
sentence	O
.	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
SERT	O
strategies	O
during	O
this	O
practice	O
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
determining	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
students	O
used	O
the	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
sentence	O
versus	O
the	O
prior	O
text	O
or	O
world	B-KEY
knowledge	I-KEY
in	O
their	O
self-explanations	O
.	O
This	O
assessment	O
was	O
made	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
human	B-KEY
judgments	I-KEY
and	O
LSA	O
.	O
Both	O
human	B-KEY
judgments	I-KEY
and	O
LSA	O
were	O
remarkably	O
similar	O
and	O
indicated	O
that	O
students	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
complying	O
with	O
SERT	O
tended	O
to	O
paraphrase	O
the	O
text	O
sentences	O
,	O
whereas	O
students	O
who	O
were	O
compliant	O
with	O
SERT	O
tended	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
sentences	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
knew	O
about	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
of	O
information	O
provided	O
in	O
the	O
prior	O
text	O
context	O
.	O
The	O
similarity	O
between	O
human	B-KEY
judgments	I-KEY
and	O
LSA	O
indicates	O
that	O
LSA	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
accounting	O
for	O
reading	O
strategies	O
in	O
a	O
Web-based	O
version	O
of	O
SERT	O

MTD-PLS	O
:	O
a	O
PLS-based	B-KEY
variant	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
MTD	O
method	O
.	O
II	O
.	O
Mapping	O
ligand-receptor	O
interactions	O
.	O
Enzymatic	B-KEY
acetic	I-KEY
acid	I-KEY
esters	I-KEY
hydrolysis	I-KEY
The	O
PLS	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
MTD	O
method	O
-LRB-	O
T.I.	O
Oprea	O
et	O
al.	O
,	O
SAR	O
QSAR	O
Environ	O
.	O
Res	O
.	O
2001	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
75-92	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
25	O
acetylcholinesterase	B-KEY
hydrolysis	I-KEY
substrates	I-KEY
.	O
Statistically	O
significant	O
MTD-PLS	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
q/sup	O
2	O
/	O
between	O
0.7	O
and	O
0.8	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
previous	O
MTD	O
models	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
advantage	O
that	O
local	O
contributions	O
are	O
understood	O
beyond	O
the	O
occupancy/nonoccupancy	O
interpretation	O
in	O
MTD	O
.	O
A	O
``	O
chemically	O
intuitive	O
''	O
approach	O
further	O
forces	O
MTD-PLS	O
coefficients	O
to	O
assume	O
only	O
negative	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
zero	O
-RRB-	O
values	O
for	O
fragmental	B-KEY
volume	I-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
and	O
positive	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
zero	O
-RRB-	O
values	O
for	O
fragmental	B-KEY
hydrophobicity	I-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
further	O
separates	O
the	O
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
local	O
interactions	O
at	O
each	O
vertex	O
of	O
the	O
MTD	O
hypermolecule	B-KEY
,	O
making	O
this	O
method	O
suitable	O
for	O
medicinal	B-KEY
chemistry	I-KEY
synthesis	I-KEY
planning	I-KEY

A	O
context-aware	O
decision	B-KEY
engine	I-KEY
for	O
content	B-KEY
adaptation	I-KEY
Building	O
a	O
good	O
content	B-KEY
adaptation	I-KEY
service	O
for	O
mobile	B-KEY
devices	I-KEY
poses	O
many	O
challenges	O
.	O
To	O
meet	O
these	O
challenges	O
,	O
this	O
quality-of-service-aware	B-KEY
decision	B-KEY
engine	I-KEY
automatically	O
negotiates	O
for	O
the	O
appropriate	O
adaptation	B-KEY
decision	I-KEY
for	O
synthesizing	O
an	O
optimal	B-KEY
content	I-KEY
version	I-KEY

Medicine	B-KEY
in	O
the	O
21	O
st	O
century	O
:	O
global	O
problems	O
,	O
global	O
solutions	O
The	O
objectives	O
are	O
to	O
discuss	O
application	O
areas	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
technology	O
in	O
medicine	B-KEY
and	O
health	B-KEY
care	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
occasion	O
of	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
Private	O
Universitat	O
fur	O
Medizinische	O
Informatik	O
and	O
Technik	O
Tirol/University	O
for	O
Health	O
Informatics	O
and	O
Technology	O
Tyrol	O
-LRB-	O
LIMIT	O
-RRB-	O
at	O
Innsbruck	O
,	O
Tyrol	O
,	O
Austria	O
.	O
Important	O
application	O
areas	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
in	O
medicine	B-KEY
and	O
health	O
are	O
appropriate	O
individual	O
access	O
to	O
medical	O
knowledge	O
,	O
new	O
engineering	B-KEY
developments	I-KEY
such	O
as	O
new	O
radiant	B-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
methods	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
implantable	O
pacemaker/defibrillator	O
devices	O
,	O
mathematical	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
workings	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-KEY
body	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
computer-based	B-KEY
patient	I-KEY
record	I-KEY
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
new	O
knowledge	O
in	O
molecular	B-KEY
biology	I-KEY
,	O
human	B-KEY
genetics	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
biotechnology	B-KEY
.	O
Challenges	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
for	O
medical	B-KEY
informatics	I-KEY
research	I-KEY
include	O
medical	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
privacy	I-KEY
and	O
intellectual	B-KEY
property	I-KEY
rights	I-KEY
inherent	O
in	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY

Multidimensional	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
visualization	I-KEY
Historically	O
,	O
data	O
visualization	O
has	O
been	O
limited	O
primarily	O
to	O
two	O
dimensions	O
-LRB-	O
e.g.	O
,	O
histograms	O
or	O
scatter	O
plots	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Available	O
software	O
packages	O
-LRB-	O
e.g.	O
,	O
Data	O
Desk	O
6.1	O
,	O
MatLab	O
6.1	O
,	O
SAS-JMP	O
4.04	O
,	O
SPSS	O
10.0	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
producing	O
three-dimensional	O
scatter	O
plots	O
with	O
-LRB-	O
varying	O
degrees	O
of	O
-RRB-	O
user	B-KEY
interactivity	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
constructed	O
our	O
own	O
data	O
visualization	O
application	O
with	O
the	O
Visualization	B-KEY
Toolkit	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
Schroeder	O
et	O
al.	O
,	O
1998	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Tcl/Tk	B-KEY
to	O
display	O
multivariate	O
data	O
through	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
glyphs	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
Ware	O
,	O
2000	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
A	O
glyph	B-KEY
is	O
a	O
visual	B-KEY
object	I-KEY
onto	O
which	O
many	O
data	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
may	O
be	O
mapped	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
visual	B-KEY
attribute	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
e.g.	O
,	O
size	O
or	O
color	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
We	O
used	O
our	O
multi-dimensional	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
viewer	I-KEY
to	O
explore	O
data	O
from	O
several	O
psycholinguistic	B-KEY
experiments	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
graphical	B-KEY
interface	I-KEY
provides	O
flexibility	O
when	O
users	O
dynamically	O
explore	O
the	O
multidimensional	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
rendered	I-KEY
from	O
raw	O
experimental	O
data	O
.	O
We	O
highlight	O
advantages	O
of	O
multidimensional	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
visualization	I-KEY
and	O
consider	O
some	O
potential	O
limitations	O

Combining	O
spatial	O
and	O
scale-space	B-KEY
techniques	I-KEY
for	O
edge	B-KEY
detection	I-KEY
to	O
provide	O
a	O
spatially	B-KEY
adaptive	I-KEY
wavelet-based	I-KEY
noise	I-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
New	O
methods	O
for	O
detecting	O
edges	O
in	O
an	O
image	O
using	O
spatial	O
and	O
scale-space	O
domains	O
are	O
proposed	O
.	O
A	B-KEY
priori	I-KEY
knowledge	I-KEY
about	O
geometrical	B-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
of	O
edges	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
assign	O
a	O
probability	B-KEY
factor	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
chance	O
of	O
any	O
pixel	O
being	O
on	O
an	O
edge	O
.	O
An	O
improved	O
double	B-KEY
thresholding	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
is	O
introduced	O
for	O
spatial	B-KEY
domain	I-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
.	O
Probabilities	O
that	O
pixels	O
belong	O
to	O
a	O
given	O
edge	O
are	O
assigned	O
based	O
on	O
pixel	B-KEY
similarity	I-KEY
across	O
gradient	B-KEY
amplitudes	I-KEY
,	O
gradient	B-KEY
phases	I-KEY
and	O
edge	B-KEY
connectivity	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
scale-space	O
approach	O
uses	O
dynamic	B-KEY
range	I-KEY
compression	I-KEY
to	O
allow	O
wavelet	B-KEY
correlation	I-KEY
over	O
a	O
wider	O
range	O
of	O
scales	O
.	O
A	O
probabilistic	B-KEY
formulation	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
to	O
combine	O
the	O
results	O
obtained	O
from	O
filtering	O
in	O
each	O
domain	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
final	B-KEY
edge	I-KEY
probability	I-KEY
image	I-KEY
which	O
has	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
both	O
spatial	O
and	O
scale-space	O
domain	O
methods	O
.	O
Decomposing	O
this	O
edge	O
probability	O
image	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
wavelet	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
image	O
permits	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
adaptive	B-KEY
filters	I-KEY
that	O
can	O
recognize	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
edges	O
in	O
all	O
wavelet	O
detail	O
and	O
approximation	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
regardless	O
of	O
scale	O
.	O
These	O
matched	B-KEY
filters	I-KEY
permit	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
image	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
without	O
contributing	O
to	O
edge	O
distortion	O
.	O
The	O
spatially	B-KEY
adaptive	I-KEY
wavelet	I-KEY
noise-filtering	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
is	O
qualitatively	O
and	O
quantitatively	O
compared	O
to	O
a	O
frequency	O
domain	O
and	O
two	O
wavelet	O
based	O
noise	B-KEY
suppression	I-KEY
algorithms	O
using	O
both	O
natural	O
and	O
computer	O
generated	O
noisy	O
images	O

Quality	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
metrics	I-KEY
for	O
synthetic	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
perceptual	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
differences	I-KEY
Due	O
to	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
image	B-KEY
rendering	I-KEY
processes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
increasing	O
importance	O
of	O
quantitative	O
comparisons	O
among	O
synthetic	O
color	B-KEY
images	I-KEY
,	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
define	O
perceptually	B-KEY
based	I-KEY
metrics	I-KEY
which	O
enable	O
to	O
objectively	O
assess	O
the	O
visual	B-KEY
quality	I-KEY
of	O
digital	B-KEY
simulations	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
response	O
to	O
this	O
need	O
,	O
this	O
paper	O
proposes	O
a	O
new	O
methodology	O
for	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
an	O
objective	O
image	O
quality	O
metric	O
,	O
and	O
gives	O
an	O
answer	O
to	O
this	O
problem	O
through	O
three	O
metrics	O
.	O
This	O
methodology	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
LLAB	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
space	I-KEY
for	O
perception	O
of	O
color	O
in	O
complex	O
images	O
,	O
a	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
CIELab1976	B-KEY
color	I-KEY
space	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
first	O
metric	O
proposed	O
is	O
a	O
pixel	B-KEY
by	I-KEY
pixel	I-KEY
metric	I-KEY
which	O
introduces	O
a	O
local	B-KEY
distance	I-KEY
map	I-KEY
between	O
two	O
images	O
.	O
The	O
second	O
metric	O
associates	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
images	O
,	O
a	O
global	B-KEY
value	I-KEY
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
the	O
third	O
metric	O
uses	O
a	O
recursive	B-KEY
subdivision	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
images	O
to	O
obtain	O
an	O
adaptative	B-KEY
distance	I-KEY
map	I-KEY
,	O
rougher	O
but	O
less	O
expensive	O
to	O
compute	O
than	O
the	O
first	O
method	O

Bayesian	B-KEY
nonstationary	I-KEY
autoregressive	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
for	O
biomedical	B-KEY
signal	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
We	O
describe	O
a	O
variational	B-KEY
Bayesian	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
estimation	O
of	O
a	O
multivariate	O
autoregressive	O
model	O
with	O
time-varying	B-KEY
coefficients	I-KEY
that	O
adapt	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
linear	B-KEY
dynamical	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
algorithm	O
allows	O
for	O
time	O
and	O
frequency	B-KEY
domain	I-KEY
characterization	I-KEY
of	O
nonstationary	O
multivariate	O
signals	O
and	O
is	O
especially	O
suited	O
to	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
event-related	O
data	O
.	O
Results	O
are	O
presented	O
on	O
synthetic	O
data	O
and	O
real	O
electroencephalogram	O
data	O
recorded	O
in	O
event-related	B-KEY
desynchronization	I-KEY
and	O
photic	B-KEY
synchronization	I-KEY
scenarios	I-KEY

Broadcasts	O
keep	O
staff	O
in	O
picture	O
-LSB-	O
intranets	O
-RSB-	O
Mark	O
Hawkins	O
,	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
at	O
UK-based	O
streaming	B-KEY
media	I-KEY
specialist	O
Twofourtv	B-KEY
,	O
explains	O
how	O
firms	O
can	O
benefit	O
by	O
linking	O
their	O
corporate	B-KEY
intranets	I-KEY
to	O
broadcasting	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY

Selecting	O
rail	O
grade	O
crossing	O
investments	O
with	O
a	O
decision	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
The	O
Federal	B-KEY
Railroad	I-KEY
Administration	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
FRA	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
developed	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
rail	O
and	O
rail-related	O
analysis	O
tools	O
that	O
assist	O
FRA	O
officials	O
,	O
Metropolitan	B-KEY
Planning	I-KEY
Organizations	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MPOs	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
state	O
Department	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Transportation	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DOT	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
constituents	O
in	O
evaluating	O
the	O
cost	O
and	O
benefits	O
of	O
potential	O
infrastructure	B-KEY
projects	I-KEY
.	O
To	O
meet	O
agency	O
objectives	O
,	O
the	O
FRA	O
wants	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
high-speed	B-KEY
rail	I-KEY
grade	I-KEY
crossing	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
tool	I-KEY
to	O
its	O
package	O
of	O
rail	O
and	O
rail-related	B-KEY
intermodal	I-KEY
software	I-KEY
products	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
conceptual	O
decision	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DSS	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
can	O
assist	O
officials	O
in	O
achieving	O
this	O
goal	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
first	O
introduces	O
the	O
FRA	O
's	O
objectives	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
cost	B-KEY
benefit	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
in	O
achieving	O
these	O
objectives	O
.	O
Next	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
discussion	O
of	O
the	O
models	O
needed	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
proposed	O
high-speed	O
rail	O
grade	O
crossing	O
investments	O
and	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
a	O
decision	B-KEY
support	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
DSS	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
can	O
deliver	O
these	O
models	O
transparently	O
to	O
users	O
.	O
Then	O
,	O
the	O
paper	O
illustrates	O
a	O
system	O
session	O
and	O
examines	O
the	O
potential	O
benefits	O
from	O
system	O
use	O

An	O
intelligent	O
fuzzy	O
decision	O
system	O
for	O
a	O
flexible	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
with	O
multi-decision	O
points	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
an	O
intelligent	O
fuzzy	O
decision	O
support	O
system	O
for	O
real-time	O
scheduling	B-KEY
and	O
dispatching	O
of	O
parts	O
in	O
a	O
flexible	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
FMS	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
with	O
alternative	O
routing	O
possibilities	O
for	O
all	O
parts	O
.	O
A	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
approach	O
is	O
developed	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
system	O
performance	O
by	O
considering	O
multiple	O
performance	O
measures	O
and	O
at	O
multiple	B-KEY
decision	I-KEY
points	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
status	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
parts	O
,	O
are	O
fed	O
back	O
to	O
assign	O
priority	O
to	O
the	O
parts	O
waiting	O
to	O
be	O
processed	O
.	O
A	O
simulation	B-KEY
model	O
is	O
developed	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
intelligent	O
fuzzy	O
decision	O
support	O
system	O
keeps	O
all	O
performance	O
measures	O
at	O
a	O
good	O
level	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
intelligent	O
system	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
tool	O
for	O
dealing	O
with	O
scheduling	B-KEY
FMSs	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
traditional	O
rules	O

Fuzzy	B-KEY
polynomial	I-KEY
neural	I-KEY
networks	I-KEY
:	O
hybrid	B-KEY
architectures	I-KEY
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
We	O
introduce	O
a	O
concept	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
polynomial	I-KEY
neural	I-KEY
networks	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
FPNNs	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
hybrid	O
modeling	O
architecture	O
combining	O
polynomial	O
neural	O
networks	O
-LRB-	O
PNNs	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
fuzzy	O
neural	O
networks	O
-LRB-	O
FNNs	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
FPNNs	O
dwells	O
on	O
the	O
technologies	O
of	O
computational	B-KEY
intelligence	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CI	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
namely	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
,	O
neural	O
networks	O
,	O
and	O
genetic	B-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
FPNN	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
synergistic	O
usage	O
of	O
FNN	O
and	O
PNN	O
.	O
FNNs	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
the	O
premise	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
rule-based	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
FPNN	O
.	O
The	O
consequence	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
FPNN	O
is	O
designed	O
using	O
PNNs	O
.	O
The	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
PNN	O
is	O
not	O
fixed	O
in	O
advance	O
as	O
it	O
usually	O
takes	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
conventional	O
neural	O
networks	O
,	O
but	O
becomes	O
organized	O
dynamically	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
required	O
approximation	O
error	O
.	O
We	O
exploit	O
a	O
group	B-KEY
method	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
handling	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
GMDH	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
produce	O
this	O
dynamic	B-KEY
topology	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
The	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
FPNN	O
is	O
quantified	O
through	O
experimentation	O
that	O
exploits	O
standard	O
data	O
already	O
used	O
in	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
modeling	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
obtained	O
experimental	O
results	O
reveal	O
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
networks	O
exhibit	O
high	O
accuracy	O
and	O
generalization	O
capabilities	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
other	O
similar	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
models	I-KEY

Optimize/sup	O
IT	O
/	O
robot	O
condition	B-KEY
monitoring	I-KEY
tool	O
As	O
robots	O
have	O
gained	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
`	O
humanlike	O
'	O
capability	O
,	O
users	O
have	O
looked	O
increasingly	O
to	O
their	O
builders	O
for	O
ways	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
critical	O
variables-the	O
robotic	O
equivalent	O
of	O
a	O
physical	O
check-up-in	O
order	O
to	O
monitor	O
their	O
condition	O
and	O
schedule	O
maintenance	O
more	O
effectively	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
all	O
the	O
more	O
essential	O
considering	O
the	O
tremendous	O
pressure	O
there	O
is	O
to	O
improve	O
productivity	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
global	O
markets	O
.	O
Developed	O
for	O
ABB	B-KEY
robots	I-KEY
with	O
an	O
S4-family	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
broad	O
process	O
know-how	O
,	O
Optimize/sup	O
IT	O
/	O
robot	O
condition	B-KEY
monitoring	I-KEY
offers	O
maintenance	O
routines	O
with	O
embedded	O
checklists	O
that	O
give	O
a	O
clear	O
indication	O
of	O
a	O
robot	O
's	O
operating	O
condition	O
.	O
It	O
performs	O
semi-automatic	B-KEY
measurements	I-KEY
that	O
support	O
engineers	O
during	O
trouble-shooting	O
and	O
enable	O
action	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
prevent	O
unplanned	O
stops	O
.	O
By	O
comparing	O
these	O
measurements	O
with	O
reference	O
data	O
,	O
negative	O
trends	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
early	O
and	O
potential	O
breakdowns	O
predicted	O
.	O
Armed	O
with	O
all	O
these	O
features	O
,	O
Optimize/sup	O
IT	O
/	O
robot	O
condition	B-KEY
monitoring	I-KEY
provides	O
the	O
ideal	O
basis	O
for	O
reliability-centered	B-KEY
maintenance	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
RCM	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
robots	O

Innovative	O
phase	B-KEY
unwrapping	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
:	O
hybrid	O
approach	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
novel	O
algorithm	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
hybrid	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
and	O
local	B-KEY
treatment	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
wrapped	B-KEY
map	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
is	O
especially	O
effective	O
for	O
the	O
unwrapping	O
of	O
speckle-coded	B-KEY
interferogram	I-KEY
contour	I-KEY
maps	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
earlier	O
unwrapping	B-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
by	O
region	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
local	B-KEY
discontinuity-restoring	I-KEY
criterion	I-KEY
to	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
preprocessor	O
or	O
postprocessor	B-KEY
of	O
our	O
hybrid	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
makes	O
the	O
unwrapping	O
by	O
region	O
much	O
easier	O
and	O
more	O
efficient	O
.	O
With	O
this	O
hybrid	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
robust	O
,	O
stable	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
time	O
effective	O
phase	O
unwrapping	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
.	O
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
criterion	O
and	O
limitation	O
of	O
this	O
hybrid	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
are	O
fully	O
described	O
.	O
The	O
robustness	O
,	O
stability	O
,	O
and	O
speed	O
of	O
this	O
hybrid	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
are	O
also	O
studied	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
upgraded	O
with	O
minor	O
modifications	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
unwrapping	B-KEY
problem	I-KEY
of	O
maps	O
with	O
phase	B-KEY
inconsistency	I-KEY
.	O
Both	O
numerical	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
and	O
experimental	O
applications	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O

Building	O
digital	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
at	O
the	O
OAC	B-KEY
:	O
current	O
strategies	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
future	B-KEY
uses	I-KEY
Providing	O
a	O
context	O
for	O
the	O
exploration	O
of	O
user	B-KEY
defined	I-KEY
virtual	I-KEY
collections	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
history	B-KEY
and	O
recent	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Online	B-KEY
Archive	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
California	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
OAC	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
.	O
Stating	O
that	O
usability	O
and	O
user	B-KEY
needs	I-KEY
are	O
primary	O
factors	O
in	O
digital	B-KEY
resource	I-KEY
development	O
,	O
issues	O
explored	O
include	O
collaborations	O
to	O
build	O
digital	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
,	O
reliance	O
upon	O
professional	B-KEY
standards	I-KEY
for	O
description	O
and	O
encoding	O
,	O
system	B-KEY
architecture	I-KEY
,	O
interface	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
user	B-KEY
tools	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
archivists	O
as	O
interpreters	O
in	O
the	O
digital	B-KEY
environment	I-KEY

Simulation	O
of	O
evacuation	O
processes	O
using	O
a	O
bionics-inspired	B-KEY
cellular	I-KEY
automaton	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
pedestrian	B-KEY
dynamics	I-KEY
We	O
present	O
simulations	O
of	O
evacuation	O
processes	O
using	O
a	O
recently	O
introduced	O
cellular	O
automaton	O
model	O
for	O
pedestrian	B-KEY
dynamics	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
model	O
applies	O
a	O
bionics	O
approach	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
pedestrians	O
using	O
ideas	O
from	O
chemotaxis	B-KEY
.	O
Here	O
we	O
study	O
a	O
rather	O
simple	O
situation	O
,	O
namely	O
the	O
evacuation	O
from	O
a	O
large	O
room	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
doors	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
variation	O
of	O
the	O
model	O
parameters	O
allows	O
to	O
describe	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
behaviour	O
,	O
from	O
regular	O
to	O
panic	O
.	O
We	O
find	O
a	O
non-monotonic	O
dependence	O
of	O
the	O
evacuation	O
times	O
on	O
the	O
coupling	B-KEY
constants	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
times	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
herding	B-KEY
behaviour	I-KEY
,	O
with	O
minimal	O
evacuation	O
times	O
for	O
some	O
intermediate	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
couplings	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
a	O
proper	O
combination	O
of	O
herding	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
shortest	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
exit	O

The	O
social	B-KEY
impact	I-KEY
of	O
Internet	B-KEY
gambling	I-KEY
Technology	O
has	O
always	O
played	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
gambling	O
practices	O
and	O
continues	O
to	O
provide	O
new	O
market	B-KEY
opportunities	I-KEY
.	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
fastest	O
growing	O
areas	O
is	O
that	O
of	O
Internet	B-KEY
gambling	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
such	O
technologies	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
accepted	O
uncritically	O
,	O
particularly	O
as	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
areas	O
of	O
potential	O
concern	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
problem	O
gambling	O
offline	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
has	O
three	O
aims	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
it	O
overviews	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
social	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
Internet	B-KEY
gambling	I-KEY
.	O
Second	O
,	O
it	O
looks	O
at	O
the	O
limited	O
research	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
.	O
Third	O
,	O
it	O
examines	O
whether	O
Internet	B-KEY
gambling	I-KEY
is	O
doubly	O
addictive	B-KEY
,	O
given	O
research	O
that	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
Internet	O
can	O
be	O
addictive	B-KEY
itself	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
concluded	O
that	O
technological	B-KEY
developments	I-KEY
in	O
Internet	B-KEY
gambling	I-KEY
will	O
increase	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
problem	O
gambling	O
globally	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
ideas	O
and	O
speculations	O
outlined	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
addressed	O
further	O
by	O
large-scale	O
empirical	O
studies	O

Designing	O
and	O
delivering	O
a	O
university	O
course	O
-	O
a	O
process	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
operations	O
-RRB-	O
management	B-KEY
perspective	I-KEY
With	O
over	O
30	O
years	O
of	O
academic	B-KEY
experience	I-KEY
in	O
both	O
engineering	O
and	O
management	B-KEY
faculties	I-KEY
,	O
involving	O
trial	O
and	O
error	O
experimentation	O
in	O
teaching	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
reading	O
relevant	O
literature	O
and	O
observing	O
other	O
instructors	O
in	O
action	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
has	O
accumulated	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
ideas	O
,	O
regarding	O
the	O
preparation	O
and	O
delivery	O
of	O
a	O
university	O
course	O
,	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
of	O
interest	O
to	O
other	O
instructors	O
.	O
This	O
should	O
be	O
particularly	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
those	O
individuals	O
who	O
have	O
had	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
teaching	O
experience	O
-LRB-	O
e.g.	O
those	O
whose	O
graduate	O
education	O
was	O
recently	O
completed	O
at	O
research-oriented	O
institutions	O
providing	O
little	O
guidance	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
teaching	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
A	O
particular	O
perspective	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
convey	O
the	O
ideas	O
,	O
namely	O
one	O
of	O
viewing	O
the	O
preparation	O
and	O
delivery	O
of	O
a	O
course	O
as	O
two	O
major	O
processes	O
that	O
should	O
provide	O
outputs	O
or	O
outcomes	O
that	O
are	O
of	O
value	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
customers	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
students	O

NuVox	O
shows	O
staying	O
power	O
with	O
new	O
cash	O
,	O
new	O
market	O
Who	O
says	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
raise	O
cash	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
telecom	B-KEY
market	O
?	O
NuVox	B-KEY
Communications	I-KEY
positions	O
itself	O
for	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
with	O
$	O
78.5	O
million	O
in	O
funding	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
credit	O
facility	O

I-WAP	B-KEY
:	O
an	O
intelligent	B-KEY
WAP	I-KEY
site	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
The	O
popularity	O
regarding	O
wireless	B-KEY
communications	I-KEY
is	O
such	O
that	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
WAP	O
sites	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
with	O
wireless	B-KEY
markup	I-KEY
language	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
WML	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Meanwhile	O
,	O
to	O
translate	O
hypertext	B-KEY
markup	I-KEY
language	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
HTML	O
-RRB-	O
pages	O
into	O
proper	O
WML	O
ones	O
becomes	O
imperative	O
since	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
for	O
WAP	O
users	O
to	O
read	O
most	O
contents	O
designed	O
for	O
PC	O
users	O
via	O
their	O
mobile	B-KEY
phone	I-KEY
screens	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
for	O
those	O
sites	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
maintained	O
with	O
hypertext	B-KEY
markup	I-KEY
language	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
HTML	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
considerable	O
time	O
and	O
manpower	O
costs	O
will	O
be	O
incurred	O
to	O
rebuild	O
them	O
with	O
WML	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
an	O
intelligent	B-KEY
WAP	I-KEY
site	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
to	O
cope	O
with	O
these	O
problems	O
.	O
With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
intelligent	O
management	O
system	O
,	O
the	O
original	O
contents	O
of	O
HTML	O
Web	O
sites	O
can	O
be	O
automatically	O
translated	O
to	O
proper	O
WAP	O
content	O
in	O
an	O
efficient	O
way	O
.	O
As	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
the	O
costs	O
associated	O
with	O
maintaining	O
WAP	O
sites	O
could	O
be	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
.	O
The	O
management	O
system	O
also	O
allows	O
the	O
system	O
manager	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
numerals	O
and	O
keywords	O
for	O
removing	O
unimportant	O
or	O
meaningless	O
contents	O
.	O
The	O
original	O
contents	O
will	O
be	O
reduced	O
and	O
reorganized	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
mobile	B-KEY
phone	I-KEY
screens	O
,	O
thus	O
reducing	O
the	O
communication	B-KEY
cost	I-KEY
and	O
enhancing	O
readability	B-KEY
.	O
Numerical	O
results	O
gained	O
through	O
various	O
experiments	O
have	O
evinced	O
the	O
effective	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
WAP	O
management	O
system	O

Control	O
of	O
combustion	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
in	O
an	O
internal	B-KEY
combustion	I-KEY
engine	I-KEY
by	O
low-temperature	B-KEY
plasma	I-KEY
A	O
new	O
method	O
of	O
operation	O
of	O
internal	B-KEY
combustion	I-KEY
engines	I-KEY
enhances	O
power	O
and	O
reduces	O
fuel	B-KEY
consumption	I-KEY
and	O
exhaust	B-KEY
toxicity	I-KEY
.	O
Low-temperature	B-KEY
plasma	I-KEY
control	O
combines	O
working	B-KEY
processes	I-KEY
of	O
thermal	B-KEY
engines	I-KEY
and	O
steam	B-KEY
machines	I-KEY
into	O
a	O
single	O
process	O

Who	O
Wants	O
To	O
Be	O
A	O
Millionaire	O
-LRB-	O
R	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
The	O
classroom	B-KEY
edition	O
This	O
paper	O
introduces	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
internationally	O
popular	O
television	O
game	O
show	O
Who	O
Wants	O
To	O
Be	O
A	O
Millionaire	O
-LRB-	O
R	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
created	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
classroom	B-KEY
using	O
Microsoft	O
PowerPoint	O
-LRB-	O
R	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
A	O
suggested	O
framework	O
for	O
its	O
classroom	B-KEY
use	O
is	O
presented	O
,	O
instructions	O
on	O
operating	O
and	O
editing	O
the	O
classroom	B-KEY
version	O
of	O
Who	O
Wants	O
To	O
Be	O
A	O
Millionaire	O
-LRB-	O
R	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
provided	O
,	O
and	O
sample	O
feedback	O
from	O
students	O
who	O
have	O
played	O
the	O
classroom	O
version	O
of	O
Who	O
Wants	O
To	O
Be	O
A	O
Millionaire	O
-LRB-	O
R	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
offered	O

Firewall	O
card	O
shields	O
data	O
The	O
SlotShield	B-KEY
3000	I-KEY
firewall	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
PCI	B-KEY
card	I-KEY
saves	O
power	O
and	O
space	O
,	O
but	O
might	O
not	O
offer	O
enough	O
security	B-KEY
for	O
large	B-KEY
networks	I-KEY

Spectral	B-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
linear	O
systems	O
over	O
a	O
bounded	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
interval	I-KEY
Consideration	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
spectral	B-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
linear	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
over	O
a	O
bounded	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
interval	I-KEY
.	O
Singular	B-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
of	O
standard	B-KEY
dynamic	I-KEY
blocks	I-KEY
,	O
transcendental	B-KEY
characteristic	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
partial	B-KEY
spectra	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
singular	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
were	O
studied	O
.	O
Relationship	O
between	O
the	O
spectra	O
under	O
study	O
and	O
the	O
classical	O
frequency	B-KEY
characteristic	I-KEY
was	O
demonstrated	O

The	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
high-fidelity	B-KEY
finite	I-KEY
element	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
kidney	B-KEY
for	O
use	O
in	O
trauma	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
A	O
detailed	O
finite	O
element	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
human	O
kidney	B-KEY
for	O
trauma	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
created	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
National	B-KEY
Library	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
Medicine	I-KEY
Visible	O
Human	O
Female	O
-LRB-	O
VHF	O
-RRB-	O
Project	O
data	O
set	O
.	O
An	O
image	B-KEY
segmentation	I-KEY
and	O
organ	B-KEY
reconstruction	I-KEY
software	B-KEY
package	I-KEY
has	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
employed	O
to	O
transform	O
the	O
2D	B-KEY
VHF	I-KEY
images	I-KEY
into	O
a	O
3D	B-KEY
polygonal	I-KEY
representation	I-KEY
.	O
Nonuniform	O
rational	O
B-spline	O
-LRB-	O
NURBS	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
surfaces	O
were	O
then	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
polygonal	B-KEY
surfaces	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
were	O
finally	O
utilized	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
robust	O
3D	B-KEY
hexahedral	I-KEY
finite	I-KEY
element	I-KEY
mesh	I-KEY
within	O
a	O
commercially	O
available	O
meshing	O
software	O
.	O
The	O
model	O
employs	O
a	O
combined	O
viscoelastic	O
and	O
hyperelastic	B-KEY
material	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
to	O
successfully	O
simulate	O
the	O
behaviour	O
of	O
biological	B-KEY
soft	I-KEY
tissues	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
finite	O
element	O
model	O
was	O
then	O
validated	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
biomechanical	B-KEY
research	I-KEY

Design	O
of	O
PID-type	B-KEY
controllers	I-KEY
using	O
multiobjective	B-KEY
genetic	I-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
The	O
design	O
of	O
a	O
PID	O
controller	O
is	O
a	O
multiobjective	O
problem	O
.	O
A	O
plant	O
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
specifications	O
to	O
be	O
satisfied	O
are	O
given	O
.	O
The	O
designer	O
has	O
to	O
adjust	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
PID	O
controller	O
such	O
that	O
the	O
feedback	B-KEY
interconnection	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
plant	O
and	O
the	O
controller	O
satisfies	O
the	O
specifications	O
.	O
These	O
specifications	O
are	O
usually	O
competitive	O
and	O
any	O
acceptable	O
solution	O
requires	O
a	O
tradeoff	O
among	O
them	O
.	O
An	O
approach	O
for	O
adjusting	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
a	O
PID	O
controller	O
based	O
on	O
multiobjective	O
optimization	O
and	O
genetic	O
algorithms	O
is	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O
The	O
MRCD	O
-LRB-	O
multiobjective	B-KEY
robust	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
genetic	O
algorithm	O
has	O
been	O
employed	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
generalized	O
to	O
design	O
multivariable	O
coupled	O
and	O
decentralized	B-KEY
PID	I-KEY
loops	I-KEY
and	O
has	O
been	O
successfully	O
validated	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
experimental	O
cases	O

Security	B-KEY
crisis	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
-	O
the	O
basics	O
Of	O
the	O
more	O
pervasive	O
problems	O
in	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
security	B-KEY
event	I-KEY
is	O
how	O
the	O
security	B-KEY
event	I-KEY
is	O
managed	O
from	O
the	O
inception	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
.	O
There	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
written	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
manage	O
a	O
specific	O
incident	O
or	O
how	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
a	O
point	O
problem	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
firewall	B-KEY
log	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
little	O
tends	O
to	O
be	O
written	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
security	B-KEY
event	I-KEY
as	O
part	O
of	O
corporate	B-KEY
crisis	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
article	O
discusses	O
the	O
basics	O
of	O
security	B-KEY
crisis	I-KEY
management	I-KEY
and	O
of	O
the	O
logical	O
steps	O
required	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
a	O
security	O
crisis	O
does	O
not	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
hand	O

The	O
plot	O
thins	O
:	O
thin-client	B-KEY
computer	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
and	O
academic	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
The	O
few	O
libraries	O
that	O
have	O
tried	O
thin	O
client	O
architectures	O
have	O
noted	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
compelling	O
reasons	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O
For	O
starters	O
,	O
thin	O
client	O
devices	O
are	O
far	O
less	O
expensive	O
than	O
most	O
PCs	O
.	O
More	O
importantly	O
,	O
thin	O
client	O
computing	O
devices	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
far	O
less	O
expensive	O
to	O
manage	O
and	O
support	O
than	O
traditional	O
PCs	O

Support	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
machines	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
classification	O
of	O
thermal	O
error	O
in	O
machine	O
tools	O
This	O
paper	O
addresses	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
machine	B-KEY
tool	I-KEY
thermal	I-KEY
error	I-KEY
prediction	I-KEY
which	O
has	O
been	O
hitherto	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
directly	O
mapping	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
temperature	O
of	O
critical	O
elements	O
on	O
the	O
machine	O
.	O
The	O
model	O
developed	O
herein	O
using	O
support	O
vector	O
machines	O
,	O
a	O
powerful	O
data-training	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
,	O
seeks	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
specific	O
operating	O
conditions	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
temperature	O
variation	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
effective	O
prediction	O
of	O
thermal	O
errors	O
.	O
Several	O
experiments	O
were	O
conducted	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
error	B-KEY
pattern	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
change	O
significantly	O
with	O
variation	O
in	O
operating	O
conditions	O
.	O
This	O
model	O
attempts	O
to	O
classify	O
the	O
error	O
based	O
on	O
operating	O
conditions	O
.	O
Once	O
classified	O
,	O
the	O
error	O
is	O
then	O
predicted	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
temperature	O
states	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
also	O
briefly	O
describes	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
model	O
along	O
with	O
an	O
on-line	O
error	O
assessment	O
and	O
calibration	O
system	O
in	O
a	O
PC-based	B-KEY
open-architecture	I-KEY
controller	I-KEY
environment	I-KEY
,	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
employed	O
in	O
regular	O
production	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
periodic	O
calibration	O
of	O
machine	O
tools	O

Estimating	O
populations	O
for	O
collective	B-KEY
dose	I-KEY
calculations	I-KEY
The	O
collective	O
dose	O
provides	O
an	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
facility	B-KEY
operations	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
public	B-KEY
based	O
on	O
an	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O
Geographic	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
software	I-KEY
,	O
electronic	B-KEY
population	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
resources	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
a	O
personal	B-KEY
computer	I-KEY
were	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
estimates	O
of	O
population	O
within	O
80	O
km	O
radii	O
of	O
two	O
sites	O

Embedding	O
of	O
level-continuous	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
on	O
Banach	O
spaces	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
present	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
Minkowski	O
embedding	O
theorem	O
,	O
showing	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
an	O
isometric	B-KEY
embedding	I-KEY
between	O
the	O
classF/sub	O
c	O
/	O
-LRB-	O
X	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
compact-convex	O
and	O
level-continuous	B-KEY
fuzzy	I-KEY
sets	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
real	B-KEY
separable	I-KEY
Banach	I-KEY
space	I-KEY
X	O
and	O
C	O
-LRB-	O
-LSB-	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
-RSB-	O
*	O
B	O
-LRB-	O
X	O
*	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
Banach	O
space	O
of	O
real	B-KEY
continuous	I-KEY
functions	I-KEY
defined	O
on	O
the	O
cartesian	B-KEY
product	I-KEY
between	O
-LSB-	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
-RSB-	O
and	O
the	O
unit	B-KEY
ball	I-KEY
B	O
-LRB-	O
X	O
*	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
the	O
dual	B-KEY
space	I-KEY
X	O
*	O
.	O
Also	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
this	O
embedding	O
,	O
we	O
give	O
some	O
applications	O
to	O
the	O
characterization	O
of	O
relatively	O
compact	O
subsets	O
of	O
F/sub	O
c	O
/	O
-LRB-	O
X	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
an	O
Ascoli-Arzela	B-KEY
type	I-KEY
theorem	I-KEY
is	O
proved	O
and	O
applied	O
to	O
solving	O
the	O
Cauchy	B-KEY
problem	I-KEY
x	O
-LRB-	O
t	O
-RRB-	O
=	O
f	O
-LRB-	O
t	O
,	O
x	O
-LRB-	O
t	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
x	O
-LRB-	O
t/sub	O
0	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
=	O
x/sub	O
0	O
/	O
on	O
F/sub	O
c	O
/	O
-LRB-	O
X	O
-RRB-	O

Knowledge	O
management-capturing	O
the	O
skills	O
of	O
key	B-KEY
performers	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
power	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
The	O
growing	O
pressure	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
electrical	O
power	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
enormous	O
``	O
brain-drain	B-KEY
''	O
within	O
the	O
power	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
novel	O
approach	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
Eskom	B-KEY
to	O
capture	O
these	O
skills	O
before	O
they	O
are	O
lost	O
and	O
to	O
incorporate	O
these	O
into	O
a	O
computer-based	B-KEY
programme	I-KEY
called	O
``	O
knowledge	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
''	O

Online	B-KEY
longitudinal	I-KEY
survey	I-KEY
research	I-KEY
:	O
viability	O
and	O
participation	O
This	O
article	O
explores	O
the	O
viability	O
of	O
conducting	O
longitudinal	O
survey	O
research	O
using	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
in	O
samples	O
exposed	O
to	O
trauma	B-KEY
.	O
A	O
questionnaire	B-KEY
battery	O
assessing	O
psychological	B-KEY
adjustment	I-KEY
following	O
adverse	O
life	O
experiences	O
was	O
posted	O
online	O
.	O
Participants	O
who	O
signed	O
up	O
to	O
take	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
longitudinal	O
aspect	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
were	O
contacted	O
3	O
and	O
6	O
months	O
after	O
initial	O
participation	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
waves	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
.	O
Issues	O
of	O
data	B-KEY
screening	I-KEY
and	O
sample	B-KEY
attrition	I-KEY
rates	I-KEY
are	O
considered	O
and	O
the	O
demographic	B-KEY
profiles	I-KEY
and	O
questionnaire	B-KEY
scores	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
take	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
during	O
successive	O
time	O
points	O
are	O
compared	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
conduct	O
repeated	O
measures	O
survey	O
research	O
online	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
similarity	O
in	O
characteristics	O
between	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
take	O
part	O
during	O
successive	O
time	O
points	O
mirrors	O
that	O
found	O
in	O
traditional	O
pencil-and-paper	O
trauma	B-KEY
surveys	O

How	O
should	O
team	O
captains	O
order	O
golfers	O
on	O
the	O
final	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
Ryder	O
Cup	O
matches	O
?	O
I	O
used	O
game	B-KEY
theory	I-KEY
to	O
examine	O
how	O
team	O
captains	O
should	O
select	O
their	O
slates	B-KEY
for	O
the	O
final	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
Ryder	O
Cup	O
matches	O
.	O
Under	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
golfers	O
have	O
different	O
abilities	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
influenced	O
by	O
pressure	O
or	O
momentum	O
,	O
I	O
found	O
that	O
drawing	O
names	O
from	O
a	O
hat	O
will	O
do	O
no	O
worse	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
strategy	O

Self-calibration	O
from	O
image	O
derivatives	O
This	O
study	O
investigates	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
estimating	O
camera	B-KEY
calibration	I-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
from	O
image	O
motion	O
fields	O
induced	O
by	O
a	O
rigidly	O
moving	O
camera	O
with	O
unknown	O
parameters	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
image	O
formation	O
is	O
modeled	O
with	O
a	O
linear	O
pinhole-camera	O
model	O
.	O
The	O
equations	O
obtained	O
show	O
the	O
flow	O
to	O
be	O
separated	O
into	O
a	O
component	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
translation	O
and	O
the	O
calibration	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
component	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
rotation	O
and	O
the	O
calibration	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
set	O
of	O
parameters	O
encoding	O
the	O
latter	O
component	O
is	O
linearly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
flow	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
these	O
parameters	O
the	O
calibration	O
can	O
be	O
determined	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
as	O
for	O
discrete	O
motion	O
,	O
in	O
general	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
possible	O
to	O
decouple	O
image	B-KEY
measurements	I-KEY
obtained	O
from	O
only	O
two	O
frames	O
into	O
translational	O
and	O
rotational	B-KEY
components	I-KEY
.	O
Geometrically	O
,	O
the	O
ambiguity	O
takes	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
rotational	B-KEY
component	I-KEY
being	O
parallel	O
to	O
the	O
translational	B-KEY
component	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
scene	O
can	O
be	O
reconstructed	O
only	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
projective	O
transformation	O
.	O
In	O
general	O
,	O
for	O
full	O
calibration	O
at	O
least	O
four	O
successive	O
image	O
frames	O
are	O
necessary	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
3D	O
rotation	O
changing	O
between	O
the	O
measurements	O
.	O
The	O
geometric	O
analysis	O
gives	O
rise	O
to	O
a	O
direct	B-KEY
self-calibration	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
that	O
avoids	O
computation	O
of	O
optical	B-KEY
flow	I-KEY
or	O
point	B-KEY
correspondences	I-KEY
and	O
uses	O
only	O
normal	B-KEY
flow	I-KEY
measurements	I-KEY
.	O
New	O
constraints	O
on	O
the	O
smoothness	O
of	O
the	O
surfaces	O
in	O
view	O
are	O
formulated	O
to	O
relate	O
structure	O
and	O
motion	O
directly	O
to	O
image	O
derivatives	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
these	O
constraints	O
the	O
transformation	O
of	O
the	O
viewing	O
geometry	O
between	O
consecutive	O
images	O
is	O
estimated	O
.	O
The	O
calibration	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
are	O
then	O
estimated	O
from	O
the	O
rotational	B-KEY
components	I-KEY
of	O
several	O
flow	O
fields	O
.	O
As	O
the	O
proposed	O
technique	O
neither	O
requires	O
a	O
special	O
set	O
up	O
nor	O
needs	O
exact	O
correspondence	O
it	O
is	O
potentially	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
calibration	O
of	O
active	B-KEY
vision	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
which	O
have	O
to	O
acquire	O
knowledge	O
about	O
their	O
intrinsic	O
parameters	O
while	O
they	O
perform	O
other	O
tasks	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
analyzing	O
image	B-KEY
sequences	I-KEY
in	O
large	B-KEY
video	I-KEY
databases	I-KEY

Analyzing	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
300	B-KEY
mm	I-KEY
conveyor-based	O
AMHS	O
While	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
automation	O
in	O
300	B-KEY
mm	I-KEY
fabs	O
is	O
not	O
debated	O
,	O
the	O
form	O
and	O
performance	O
of	O
such	O
automation	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
question	O
.	O
Software	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
that	O
compares	O
conveyor-based	B-KEY
continuous	I-KEY
flow	I-KEY
transport	I-KEY
technology	I-KEY
to	O
conventional	O
car-based	B-KEY
wafer-lot	I-KEY
delivery	I-KEY
has	O
detailed	O
delivery	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
and	O
throughput	B-KEY
advantages	O
to	O
the	O
former	O

The	O
acquisition	O
of	O
out-of-print	B-KEY
music	I-KEY
Non-specialist	O
librarians	O
are	O
alerted	O
to	O
factors	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
successful	O
acquisition	O
of	O
out-of-print	B-KEY
music	I-KEY
,	O
both	O
scholarly	B-KEY
editions	I-KEY
and	O
performance	B-KEY
editions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
appropriate	O
technical	B-KEY
music	I-KEY
vocabulary	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
music	B-KEY
publishing	I-KEY
industry	I-KEY
,	O
specialized	B-KEY
publishers	I-KEY
and	O
vendors	O
,	O
and	O
methods	O
of	O
acquisition	O
of	O
out-of-print	B-KEY
printed	I-KEY
music	I-KEY
are	O
introduced	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
familiarity	O
with	O
them	O
is	O
emphasized	O

Duality	O
revisited	O
:	O
construction	O
of	O
fractional	O
frequency	O
distributions	O
based	O
on	O
two	O
dual	B-KEY
Lotka	I-KEY
laws	I-KEY
Fractional	O
frequency	O
distributions	O
of	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
authors	O
with	O
a	O
certain	O
-LRB-	O
fractional	O
-RRB-	O
number	O
of	O
papers	O
are	O
very	O
irregular	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
not	O
easy	O
to	O
model	O
or	O
to	O
explain	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
gives	O
a	O
first	O
attempt	O
to	O
this	O
by	O
as	O
suming	O
two	O
simple	O
Lotka	O
laws	O
-LRB-	O
with	O
exponent	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
authors	O
with	O
n	O
papers	O
-LRB-	O
total	O
count	O
here	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
papers	O
with	O
n	O
authors	O
,	O
n	O
in	O
N.	O
Based	O
on	O
an	O
earlier	O
made	O
convolution	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
Egghe	O
,	O
interpreted	O
and	O
reworked	O
now	O
for	O
discrete	B-KEY
scores	I-KEY
,	O
we	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
theoretical	O
fractional	O
frequency	O
distributions	O
with	O
only	O
one	O
parameter	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
in	O
very	O
close	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
practical	O
ones	O
as	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
dataset	O
produced	O
earlier	O
by	O
Rao	O
-LRB-	O
1995	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
also	O
shows	O
that	O
-LRB-	O
irregular	O
-RRB-	O
fractional	O
frequency	O
distributions	O
are	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
Lotka	O
's	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
examples	O
of	O
breakdowns	O
of	O
this	O
famous	O
historical	O
law	O

Accessible	B-KEY
streaming	I-KEY
content	I-KEY
Make	O
sure	O
your	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
is	O
offering	O
quality	B-KEY
service	I-KEY
to	O
all	O
your	O
users	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
provides	O
some	O
tips	O
and	O
tactics	O
for	O
making	O
your	O
streaming	B-KEY
media	I-KEY
accessible	O
.	O
Accessibility	O
of	O
streaming	O
content	O
for	O
people	O
with	O
disabilities	O
is	O
often	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
spec	O
for	O
multimedia	B-KEY
projects	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
it	O
certainly	O
affects	O
your	O
quality	O
of	O
service	O
.	O
Most	O
of	O
the	O
resources	O
available	O
on	O
Web	B-KEY
accessibility	I-KEY
deal	O
with	O
HTML	B-KEY
.	O
Fortunately	O
,	O
rich	O
media	O
and	O
streaming	B-KEY
content	I-KEY
developers	I-KEY
have	O
a	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
experts	O
to	O
turn	O
to	O
for	O
information	O
and	O
assistance	O
.	O
The	O
essentials	O
of	O
providing	O
accessible	B-KEY
streaming	I-KEY
content	I-KEY
are	O
simple	O
:	O
blind	O
and	O
visually	B-KEY
impaired	I-KEY
people	I-KEY
need	O
audio	O
to	O
discern	O
important	O
visual	B-KEY
detail	I-KEY
and	O
interface	B-KEY
elements	I-KEY
,	O
while	O
deaf	O
and	O
hard-of-hearing	B-KEY
people	I-KEY
need	O
text	O
to	O
access	O
sound	B-KEY
effects	I-KEY
and	O
dialog	O
.	O
Actually	O
implementing	O
these	O
principles	O
is	O
quite	O
a	O
challenge	O
,	O
though	O
.	O
Now	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
relatively	O
new	O
law	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Section	B-KEY
508	I-KEY
,	O
dealing	O
with	O
accessibility	B-KEY
issues	I-KEY
is	O
becoming	O
an	O
essential	O
part	O
of	O
publishing	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O

The	O
efficacy	O
of	O
electronic	O
telecommunications	B-KEY
in	O
fostering	O
interpersonal	B-KEY
relationships	I-KEY
The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
electronic	O
telecommunications	B-KEY
as	O
a	O
supplementary	O
aid	O
to	O
instruction	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
communication	O
link	O
between	O
students	O
,	O
and	O
between	O
students	O
and	O
instructors	O
in	O
fostering	O
interpersonal	B-KEY
relationships	I-KEY
was	O
explored	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O
More	O
specifically	O
,	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
e-mail	B-KEY
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
accessible	O
,	O
convenient	O
,	O
and	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
computer-mediated	B-KEY
communications	I-KEY
,	O
on	O
student	B-KEY
attitudes	I-KEY
toward	O
the	O
instructor	O
,	O
group-mates	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
classmates	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O
A	O
posttest-only	O
experimental	O
design	O
was	O
adopted	O
.	O
In	O
total	O
,	O
68	O
prospective	O
teachers	O
enrolling	O
in	O
a	O
``	O
Computers	O
in	O
Education	O
''	O
course	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
semester	O
.	O
Results	O
from	O
the	O
study	O
provided	O
substantial	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
e-mail	B-KEY
's	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
student	B-KEY
attitudes	I-KEY
toward	O
the	O
instructor	O
and	O
other	O
classmates	O

Online	B-KEY
auctions	I-KEY
:	O
dynamic	B-KEY
pricing	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
lodging	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
The	O
traditional	O
channels	O
of	O
distribution	O
for	O
overnight	B-KEY
accommodation	I-KEY
are	O
rapidly	O
being	O
displaced	O
by	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
scripting	I-KEY
,	O
online	B-KEY
intermediaries	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
specialty	B-KEY
brokers	I-KEY
.	O
Businesses	O
that	O
pioneered	O
Internet	B-KEY
usage	I-KEY
relied	O
on	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
sales	B-KEY
and	O
marketing	B-KEY
alternative	O
to	O
predecessor	O
product	O
distribution	O
channels	O
.	O
As	O
such	O
,	O
Web	O
sites	O
replace	O
the	O
traditional	O
trading	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
Web-enabled	O
companies	O
are	O
popular	O
because	O
the	O
medium	O
renders	O
the	O
process	O
faster	O
,	O
less	O
costly	O
,	O
highly	O
reliable	O
,	O
and	O
secure	O
.	O
Auction-based	O
models	O
impact	O
business	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
by	O
converting	O
the	O
price	B-KEY
setting	I-KEY
mechanism	I-KEY
from	O
supplier-centric	O
to	O
market-centric	O
and	O
transforming	O
the	O
trading	O
model	O
from	O
``	O
one	O
to	O
many	O
''	O
to	O
``	O
many	O
to	O
many	O
.	O
''	O
Historically	O
,	O
pricing	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
production	O
plus	O
a	O
margin	O
of	O
profit	O
.	O
Traditionally	O
,	O
as	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
move	O
through	O
the	O
supply	B-KEY
chain	I-KEY
,	O
from	O
the	O
producer	O
to	O
the	O
consumer	O
,	O
various	O
intermediaries	O
added	O
their	O
share	O
of	O
profit	O
to	O
the	O
price	O
.	O
As	O
Internet	O
based	O
mediums	O
of	O
distribution	O
become	O
more	O
prevalent	O
,	O
traditional	O
pricing	O
models	O
are	O
being	O
supplanted	O
with	O
dynamic	B-KEY
pricing	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
dynamic	B-KEY
pricing	I-KEY
model	O
represents	O
a	O
flexible	O
system	O
that	O
changes	O
prices	O
not	O
only	O
from	O
product	O
to	O
product	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
from	O
customer	O
to	O
customer	O
and	O
transaction	O
to	O
transaction	O
.	O
Many	O
industry	O
leaders	O
are	O
skeptical	O
of	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
impact	O
of	O
online	B-KEY
auctions	I-KEY
on	O
lodging	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
profit	O
margins	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
pricing	O
theory	O
suggests	O
that	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
information	O
results	O
in	O
efficient	O
market	B-KEY
pricing	O
.	O
The	O
future	O
of	O
such	O
endeavors	O
remains	O
promising	O
,	O
but	O
controversial	O

Acquisitions	O
in	O
the	O
James	B-KEY
Ford	I-KEY
Bell	I-KEY
Library	I-KEY
This	O
article	O
presents	O
basic	O
acquisitions	O
philosophy	O
and	O
approaches	O
in	O
a	O
noted	O
special	B-KEY
collection	I-KEY
,	O
with	O
commentary	O
on	O
``	O
just	O
saying	O
no	O
''	O
and	O
on	O
how	O
the	O
electronic	B-KEY
revolution	I-KEY
has	O
changed	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
special	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
materials	O

Rapid	B-KEY
microwell	I-KEY
polymerase	I-KEY
chain	I-KEY
reaction	I-KEY
with	O
subsequent	O
ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
gel	I-KEY
electrophoresis	I-KEY
of	O
DNA	O
Large-scale	B-KEY
genotyping	I-KEY
,	O
mapping	O
and	O
expression	B-KEY
profiling	I-KEY
require	O
affordable	O
,	O
fully	O
automated	O
high-throughput	O
devices	O
enabling	O
rapid	O
,	O
high-performance	O
analysis	O
using	O
minute	O
quantities	O
of	O
reagents	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
new	O
combination	O
of	O
microwell	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
-LRB-	O
PCR	O
-RRB-	O
based	O
DNA	B-KEY
amplification	I-KEY
technique	O
with	O
automated	O
ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
gel	I-KEY
electrophoresis	I-KEY
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
resulting	O
products	O
.	O
This	O
technique	O
decreases	O
the	O
reagent	B-KEY
consumption	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
total	O
reaction	O
volume	O
0.75-1	O
mu	O
L	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
requirement	O
of	O
the	O
PCR	O
-LRB-	O
15-20	O
min	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
subsequent	O
ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
gel	I-KEY
electrophoresis	I-KEY
based	O
fragment	O
analysis	O
-LRB-	O
5	O
min	O
-RRB-	O
by	O
automating	O
the	O
current	O
manual	O
procedure	O
and	O
reducing	O
the	O
human	O
intervention	O
using	O
sample	B-KEY
loading	I-KEY
robots	I-KEY
and	O
computerized	B-KEY
real	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
.	O
Small	O
aliquots	O
-LRB-	O
0.2	O
mu	O
L	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	O
submicroliter	O
size	O
PCR	O
reaction	O
were	O
transferred	O
onto	O
loading	O
membranes	O
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
gel	I-KEY
electrophoresis	I-KEY
which	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
,	O
high-performance	O
and	O
automated	B-KEY
microseparation	I-KEY
technique	O
.	O
This	O
system	O
employs	O
integrated	O
scanning	O
laser-induced	O
fluorescence-avalanche	O
photodiode	O
detection	O
and	O
combines	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
conventional	O
slab	O
and	O
capillary	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
.	O
Visualization	O
of	O
the	O
DNA	O
fragments	O
was	O
accomplished	O
by	O
``	O
in	O
migratio	O
''	O
complexation	B-KEY
with	I-KEY
ethidium	I-KEY
bromide	I-KEY
during	O
the	O
electrophoresis	O
process	O
also	O
enabling	O
real	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
and	O
data	O
analysis	O

Robust	B-KEY
wavelet	I-KEY
neuro	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
for	O
linear	B-KEY
brushless	I-KEY
motors	I-KEY
Design	O
,	O
simulation	O
and	O
experimental	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
wavelet	B-KEY
basis	I-KEY
function	I-KEY
network	I-KEY
learning	O
controller	O
for	O
linear	O
brushless	O
dc	O
motors	O
-LRB-	O
LBDCM	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
are	O
considered	O
.	O
Stability	B-KEY
robustness	I-KEY
with	O
position	B-KEY
tracking	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
primary	O
concern	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
controller	O
deals	O
mainly	O
with	O
external	B-KEY
disturbances	I-KEY
,	O
e.g.	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
friction	I-KEY
force	I-KEY
and	O
payload	O
variation	O
in	O
motion	O
control	O
of	O
linear	O
motors	O
.	O
It	O
consists	O
of	O
two	O
parts	O
,	O
one	O
is	O
a	O
state	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
component	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
is	O
a	O
learning	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
component	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
state	O
feedback	O
controller	O
is	O
designed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
simple	O
linear	O
model	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
learning	B-KEY
feedback	I-KEY
component	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
wavelet	O
neural	O
controller	O
.	O
The	O
attenuation	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
of	O
wavelet	O
neural	O
networks	O
on	O
friction	B-KEY
force	I-KEY
is	O
first	O
verified	O
by	O
the	O
numerical	O
method	O
.	O
The	O
learning	O
effect	O
of	O
wavelet	O
neural	O
networks	O
on	O
friction	B-KEY
force	I-KEY
is	O
also	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
numerical	O
results	O
.	O
Then	O
,	O
a	O
wavelet	O
neural	O
network	O
is	O
applied	O
on	O
a	O
real	O
LBDCM	B-KEY
to	O
on-line	O
suppress	O
the	O
friction	B-KEY
force	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
variable	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
lubrication	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
control	O
schemes	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
simulated	O
and	O
experimental	O
results	O

The	O
set	O
of	O
stable	B-KEY
polynomials	I-KEY
of	O
linear	B-KEY
discrete	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
:	O
its	O
geometry	B-KEY
The	O
multidimensional	B-KEY
stability	I-KEY
domain	I-KEY
of	O
linear	B-KEY
discrete	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
is	O
studied	O
.	O
Its	O
configuration	O
is	O
determined	O
from	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
its	O
intersection	O
with	O
coordinate	O
axes	O
,	O
coordinate	O
planes	O
,	O
and	O
certain	O
auxiliary	O
planes	O
.	O
Counterexamples	O
for	O
the	O
discrete	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
Kharitonov	B-KEY
theorem	I-KEY
are	O
given	O

Computer	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
of	O
data	O
on	O
mental	B-KEY
impairments	I-KEY
during	O
the	O
acute	B-KEY
period	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
concussion	I-KEY
The	O
article	O
presents	O
results	O
of	O
computer	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
of	O
experimental	O
information	O
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
acute	B-KEY
period	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
concussion	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
computational	B-KEY
procedures	I-KEY
are	O
described	O

E-mail	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
legal	B-KEY
profession	I-KEY
The	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
E-mail	B-KEY
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
all	O
areas	O
of	O
commerce	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
legal	B-KEY
profession	I-KEY
is	O
one	O
that	O
has	O
embraced	O
this	O
new	O
medium	O
of	O
communication	O
.	O
E-mail	B-KEY
is	O
not	O
without	O
its	O
drawbacks	O
,	O
however	O
.	O
Due	O
to	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
technologies	O
behind	O
the	O
medium	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
less	O
secure	O
form	O
of	O
communication	O
than	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
traditionally	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
legal	B-KEY
profession	I-KEY
,	O
including	O
DX	O
,	O
facsimile	O
,	O
and	O
standard	O
and	O
registered	O
post	O
.	O
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
ways	O
in	O
which	O
E-mails	B-KEY
originating	O
from	O
the	O
practice	O
may	O
be	O
protected	O
,	O
including	O
software	B-KEY
encryption	I-KEY
,	O
hardware	B-KEY
encryption	I-KEY
and	O
various	O
methods	O
of	O
controlling	O
and	O
administering	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
E-mails	B-KEY

MEMS	B-KEY
applications	O
in	O
computer	B-KEY
disk	I-KEY
drive	I-KEY
dual-stage	I-KEY
servo	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
We	O
present	O
a	O
decoupled	B-KEY
discrete	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
pole	I-KEY
placement	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
self-tuning	B-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
to	O
compensate	O
variations	O
in	O
the	O
microactuator	B-KEY
's	O
-LRB-	O
MA	O
's	O
-RRB-	O
resonance	O
mode	O
.	O
Section	O
I	O
of	O
the	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
fabrication	O
of	O
a	O
prototype	O
microactuator	B-KEY
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
gimbal	O
structure	O
.	O
Section	O
II	O
presents	O
a	O
decoupled	O
track-following	B-KEY
controller	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
self-tuning	O
control	O
scheme	O
to	O
compensate	O
for	O
the	O
MA	O
's	O
resonance	O
mode	O
variations	O

Accelerated	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
steady-state	B-KEY
availability	I-KEY
of	O
non-Markovian	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
A	O
general	O
accelerated	B-KEY
simulation	I-KEY
method	O
for	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
steady-state	O
availability	O
of	O
non-Markovian	O
systems	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
systems	O
with	O
repair	O
.	O
Numerical	B-KEY
examples	I-KEY
are	O
given	O

Restoration	O
of	O
broadband	B-KEY
imagery	I-KEY
steered	O
with	O
a	O
liquid-crystal	O
optical	B-KEY
phased	I-KEY
array	I-KEY
In	O
many	O
imaging	B-KEY
applications	I-KEY
,	O
it	O
is	O
highly	O
desirable	O
to	O
replace	O
mechanical	B-KEY
beam-steering	I-KEY
components	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
,	O
mirrors	B-KEY
and	O
gimbals	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
with	O
a	O
nonmechanical	B-KEY
device	I-KEY
.	O
One	O
such	O
device	O
is	O
a	O
nematic	O
liquid	O
crystal	O
optical	B-KEY
phased	I-KEY
array	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
LCOPA	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
An	O
LCOPA	O
can	O
implement	O
a	O
blazed	B-KEY
phase	I-KEY
grating	I-KEY
to	O
steer	O
the	O
incident	O
light	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
phase	O
grating	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
broadband	B-KEY
imaging	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
,	O
two	O
adverse	O
effects	O
can	O
occur	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
dispersion	B-KEY
will	O
cause	O
different	O
incident	B-KEY
wavelengths	I-KEY
arriving	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
angle	O
to	O
be	O
steered	O
to	O
different	O
output	B-KEY
angles	I-KEY
,	O
causing	O
chromatic	B-KEY
aberrations	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
image	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
.	O
Second	O
,	O
the	O
device	O
will	O
steer	O
energy	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
first	B-KEY
diffraction	I-KEY
order	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
to	O
others	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
This	O
multiple-order	B-KEY
effect	I-KEY
results	O
in	O
multiple	B-KEY
copies	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
scene	O
appearing	O
in	O
the	O
image	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
digital	B-KEY
image	I-KEY
restoration	I-KEY
technique	I-KEY
designed	O
to	O
overcome	O
these	O
degradations	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
postprocessing	B-KEY
technique	I-KEY
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
Wiener	B-KEY
deconvolution	I-KEY
filter	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
technique	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
applicable	O
only	O
to	O
scenes	O
containing	O
objects	O
with	O
approximately	B-KEY
constant	I-KEY
reflectivities	I-KEY
over	O
the	O
spectral	B-KEY
region	I-KEY
of	I-KEY
interest	I-KEY
.	O
Experimental	O
results	O
are	O
presented	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
this	O
technique	O

Genetic	O
algorithm	O
guided	O
selection	O
:	O
variable	B-KEY
selection	O
and	O
subset	O
selection	O
A	O
novel	O
genetic	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
guided	I-KEY
selection	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
GAS	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
.	O
The	O
method	O
utilizes	O
a	O
simple	O
encoding	B-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
which	O
can	O
represent	O
both	O
compounds	B-KEY
and	O
variables	B-KEY
used	O
to	O
construct	O
a	O
QSAR/QSPR	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
genetic	O
algorithm	O
is	O
then	O
utilized	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
optimize	B-KEY
the	O
encoded	O
variables	B-KEY
that	O
include	O
both	O
descriptors	B-KEY
and	O
compound	B-KEY
subsets	O
.	O
The	O
GAS	O
method	O
generates	O
multiple	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
each	O
applying	O
to	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
compounds	B-KEY
.	O
Typically	O
the	O
subsets	O
represent	O
clusters	B-KEY
with	O
different	O
chemotypes	B-KEY
.	O
Also	O
a	O
procedure	O
based	O
on	O
molecular	B-KEY
similarity	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
to	O
determine	O
which	O
model	O
should	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
given	O
test	O
set	O
compound	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
variable	B-KEY
selection	O
method	O
implemented	O
in	O
GAS	O
has	O
been	O
tested	O
and	O
compared	O
using	O
the	O
Selwood	O
data	O
set	O
-LRB-	O
n	O
=	O
31	O
compounds	O
;	O
nu	O
=	O
53	O
descriptors	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
method	O
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
other	O
published	O
methods	O
.	O
The	O
subset	B-KEY
selection	I-KEY
method	O
implemented	O
in	O
GAS	O
has	O
been	O
first	O
tested	O
using	O
an	O
artificial	O
data	O
set	O
-LRB-	O
n	O
=	O
100	O
points	O
;	O
nu	O
=	O
1	O
descriptor	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
examine	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
subset	O
data	O
points	O
and	O
second	O
applied	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
XLOGP	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
set	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
n	O
=	O
1831	O
compounds	B-KEY
;	O
nu	O
=	O
126	O
descriptors	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
method	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
correctly	O
identify	O
artificial	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
points	I-KEY
belonging	O
to	O
various	O
subsets	O
.	O
The	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
XLOGP	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
set	I-KEY
shows	O
that	O
the	O
subset	B-KEY
selection	I-KEY
method	O
can	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
improving	O
a	O
QSAR/QSPR	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
when	O
the	O
variable	B-KEY
selection	O
method	O
fails	O

Real-time	B-KEY
tissue	I-KEY
characterization	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
in	O
vivo	O
Raman	O
spectra	O
The	O
application	O
of	O
in	O
vivo	O
Raman	O
spectroscopy	O
for	O
clinical	B-KEY
diagnosis	I-KEY
demands	O
dedicated	B-KEY
software	I-KEY
that	O
can	O
perform	O
the	O
necessary	O
signal	O
processing	O
and	O
subsequent	O
-LRB-	O
multivariate	O
-RRB-	O
data	O
analysis	O
,	O
enabling	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
parameters	O
to	O
be	O
extracted	O
and	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
.	O
Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
software	O
package	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
real-time	O
signal	O
processing	O
and	O
data	O
analysis	O
of	O
Raman	O
spectra	O
.	O
The	O
design	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
automatic	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
between	O
Grams	B-KEY
,	O
a	O
spectroscopic	O
data	O
acquisition	O
and	O
analysis	O
program	O
,	O
and	O
Matlab	B-KEY
,	O
a	O
program	O
designed	O
for	O
array-based	B-KEY
calculations	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
data	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
software	I-KEY
has	O
a	O
modular	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
providing	O
great	O
flexibility	O
in	O
developing	O
custom	O
data	O
analysis	O
routines	O
for	O
different	O
applications	O
.	O
The	O
implementation	O
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
a	O
computationally	B-KEY
demanding	I-KEY
application	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
classification	O
of	O
skin	O
spectra	O
using	O
principal	O
component	O
analysis	O
and	O
linear	B-KEY
discriminant	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY

Naomi	B-KEY
Campbell	I-KEY
:	O
drugs	B-KEY
,	O
distress	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
Data	B-KEY
Protection	I-KEY
Act	I-KEY
In	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
its	O
kind	O
,	O
Naomi	B-KEY
Campbell	I-KEY
successfully	O
sued	O
Mirror	O
Group	O
Newspapers	O
for	O
damage	O
and	O
distress	B-KEY
caused	O
by	O
breach	O
of	O
the	O
Data	B-KEY
Protection	I-KEY
Act	I-KEY
1998	O
.	O
Partner	O
N.	O
Wildish	O
and	O
assistant	O
M.	O
Turle	O
of	O
City	O
law	O
firm	O
Field	O
Fisher	O
Waterhouse	O
discuss	O
the	O
case	O
and	O
the	O
legal	O
implications	O
of	O
which	O
online	B-KEY
publishers	I-KEY
should	O
be	O
aware	O

Antipersistent	B-KEY
Markov	I-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
in	O
foreign	B-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
markets	I-KEY
A	O
quantitative	O
check	O
of	O
efficiency	B-KEY
in	O
US	O
dollar/Deutsche	O
mark	O
exchange	O
rates	O
is	O
developed	O
using	O
high-frequency	O
-LRB-	O
tick	O
by	O
tick	O
-RRB-	O
data	O
.	O
The	O
antipersistent	B-KEY
Markov	I-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
of	O
log-price	B-KEY
fluctuations	I-KEY
of	O
given	O
size	O
implies	O
,	O
in	O
principle	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
statistical	B-KEY
forecast	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
introduce	O
and	O
measure	O
the	O
available	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
quote	B-KEY
sequence	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
we	O
show	O
how	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
profitable	O
following	O
a	O
particular	O
trading	B-KEY
rule	I-KEY

Fast	B-KEY
frequency	I-KEY
acquisition	I-KEY
phase-frequency	B-KEY
detectors	I-KEY
for	O
Gsamples/s	O
phase-locked	O
loops	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
two	O
techniques	O
for	O
designing	O
phase-frequency	B-KEY
detectors	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
PFDs	O
-RRB-	O
with	O
higher	O
operating	O
frequencies	O
-LSB-	O
periods	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
8	O
*	O
the	O
delay	O
of	O
a	O
fan-out-4	O
inverter	O
-LRB-	O
FO-4	O
-RRB-	O
-RSB-	O
and	O
faster	O
frequency	O
acquisition	O
.	O
Prototypes	O
designed	O
in	O
0.25	O
-	O
mu	O
m	O
CMOS	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
exhibit	O
operating	O
frequencies	O
of	O
1.25	B-KEY
GHz	I-KEY
-LSB-	O
=	O
1	O
/	O
-LRB-	O
8.FO-4	O
-RRB-	O
-RSB-	O
and	O
1.5	B-KEY
GHz	I-KEY
-LSB-	O
=	O
1	O
/	O
-LRB-	O
6.7.FO-4	O
-RRB-	O
-RSB-	O
for	O
two	O
techniques	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
whereas	O
a	O
conventional	O
PFD	O
operates	O
at	O
<	O
1	O
GHz	O
-LSB-	O
=	O
1	O
/	O
-LRB-	O
10.FO-4	O
-RRB-	O
-RSB-	O
.	O
The	O
two	O
proposed	O
PFDs	O
achieve	O
a	O
capture	O
range	O
of	O
1.7	O
*	O
and	O
1.4	O
*	O
the	O
conventional	O
design	O
,	O
respectively	O

Model	O
intestinal	B-KEY
microflora	I-KEY
in	O
computer	O
simulation	O
:	O
a	O
simulation	O
and	O
modeling	O
package	O
for	O
host-microflora	B-KEY
interactions	I-KEY
The	O
ecology	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-KEY
intestinal	I-KEY
microflora	O
and	O
its	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
host	O
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O
Though	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
data	O
are	O
being	O
acquired	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
using	O
modern	O
molecular	B-KEY
methods	I-KEY
,	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
quantitative	B-KEY
theory	I-KEY
has	O
not	O
kept	O
pace	O
with	O
this	O
increase	O
in	O
observing	B-KEY
power	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
is	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
simulation	O
environments	O
in	O
which	O
to	O
test	O
what	O
the	O
ecological	O
effect	O
of	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
mechanism	O
of	O
interaction	O
would	O
be	O
,	O
before	O
resorting	O
to	O
laboratory	O
experiments	O
.	O
The	O
MIMICS	B-KEY
project	I-KEY
attempts	O
to	O
address	O
this	O
through	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
cellular	O
automaton	O
for	O
simulation	O
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-KEY
microflora	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
this	O
simulator	O
is	O
discussed	O

Fault-tolerant	B-KEY
computer-aided	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
multiversion-threshold	B-KEY
adaptation	I-KEY
:	O
adaptation	O
methods	O
,	O
reliability	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
choice	O
of	O
an	O
architecture	B-KEY
For	O
multiversion	B-KEY
majority-redundant	I-KEY
computer-aided	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
systematization	O
of	O
adaptation	O
methods	O
that	O
are	O
stable	O
to	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
failures	O
,	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
estimating	O
their	O
reliability	O
from	O
an	O
event	B-KEY
graph	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
selecting	O
a	O
standard	O
architecture	B-KEY
with	O
regard	O
for	O
reliability	O
requirements	O
are	O
studied	O

Nonlinear	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
arising	O
from	O
nonisothermal	O
,	O
non-Newtonian	O
Hele-Shaw	B-KEY
flows	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
body	B-KEY
forces	I-KEY
and	O
sources	B-KEY
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
give	O
a	O
formal	O
derivation	O
of	O
several	O
systems	O
of	O
equations	O
for	O
injection	B-KEY
moulding	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
is	O
done	O
starting	O
from	O
the	O
basic	O
equations	O
for	O
nonisothermal	O
,	O
non-Newtonian	O
flows	O
in	O
a	O
three-dimensional	O
domain	O
.	O
We	O
derive	O
systems	O
for	O
both	O
-LRB-	O
T/sup	O
0	O
/	O
,	O
p/sup	O
0	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
T/sup	O
1	O
/	O
,	O
p/sup	O
1	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
body	B-KEY
forces	I-KEY
and	O
sources	B-KEY
.	O
We	O
find	O
that	O
body	B-KEY
forces	I-KEY
and	O
sources	B-KEY
have	O
a	O
nonlinear	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
systems	O
.	O
We	O
also	O
derive	O
a	O
nonlinear	O
``	O
Darcy	B-KEY
law	I-KEY
''	O
.	O
Our	O
formulation	O
includes	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
pressure	O
gradient	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
body	B-KEY
forces	I-KEY
and	O
sources	B-KEY
,	O
which	O
play	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
nonlinearity	O
.	O
Later	O
,	O
we	O
prove	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
weak	O
solutions	O
to	O
certain	O
boundary	B-KEY
value	I-KEY
problems	I-KEY
and	O
initial-boundary	O
value	O
problems	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
resulting	O
equations	O
for	O
-LRB-	O
T/sup	O
0	O
/	O
,	O
p/sup	O
0	O
/	O
-RRB-	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
general	O
mathematical	O
setting	O

Enterprise	O
in	O
focus	O
at	O
NetSec	B-KEY
2002	I-KEY
NetSec	B-KEY
2002	I-KEY
took	O
place	O
in	O
San	O
Francisco	O
,	O
amid	O
industry	O
reflection	O
on	O
the	O
balance	O
to	O
be	O
struck	O
between	O
combatting	O
cyber-terrorism	O
and	O
safeguarding	O
civil	O
liberties	O
post-9	O
.11	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
punditry	O
and	O
the	O
pedagogy	O
at	O
the	O
CSI	B-KEY
event	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
security	O
in	O
the	O
enterprise	O

Generalized	O
predictive	O
control	O
for	O
non-uniformly	O
sampled	O
systems	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
study	O
digital	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
non-uniform	O
updating	O
and	O
sampling	O
patterns	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
multirate	B-KEY
sampled-data	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
as	O
special	O
cases	O
.	O
We	O
derive	O
lifted	O
models	O
in	O
the	O
state-space	O
domain	O
.	O
The	O
main	O
obstacle	O
for	O
generalized	O
predictive	O
control	O
-LRB-	O
GPC	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
design	O
using	O
the	O
lifted	O
models	O
is	O
the	O
so-called	O
causality	B-KEY
constraint	I-KEY
.	O
Taking	O
into	O
account	O
this	O
design	O
constraint	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
GPC	B-KEY
algorithm	O
,	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
optimal	B-KEY
causal	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
laws	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
non-uniformly	O
sampled	O
systems	O
.	O
The	O
solution	O
applies	O
immediately	O
to	O
multirate	B-KEY
sampled-data	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
where	O
rates	O
are	O
integer	B-KEY
multiples	I-KEY
of	O
some	O
base	O
period	O

Randomized	B-KEY
two-process	I-KEY
wait-free	I-KEY
test-and-set	I-KEY
We	O
present	O
the	O
first	O
explicit	O
,	O
and	O
currently	O
simplest	O
,	O
randomized	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
two-process	O
wait-free	O
test-and-set	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
implemented	O
with	O
two	O
4-valued	B-KEY
single	I-KEY
writer	I-KEY
single	I-KEY
reader	I-KEY
atomic	I-KEY
variables	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
test-and-set	O
takes	O
at	O
most	O
11	O
expected	B-KEY
elementary	I-KEY
steps	I-KEY
,	O
while	O
a	O
reset	O
takes	O
exactly	O
1	O
elementary	O
step	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
a	O
finite-state	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
proofs	O
of	O
correctness	O
and	O
expected	O
length	O
are	O
compressed	O
into	O
one	O
table	O

A	O
PID	O
standard	O
:	O
What	O
,	O
why	O
,	O
how	O
?	O
The	O
paper	O
is	O
written	O
for	O
all	O
who	O
develop	O
and	O
use	O
P&ID	O
s	O
.	O
It	O
will	O
aid	O
in	O
solving	O
the	O
long	O
existing	O
and	O
continuing	O
problem	O
of	O
confusing	O
information	O
on	O
P&ID	O
s	O
.	O
The	O
acronym	O
P&ID	O
is	O
widely	O
understood	O
to	O
mean	O
the	O
principal	B-KEY
document	I-KEY
used	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
how	O
a	O
process	O
works	O
and	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
controlled	O
.	O
The	O
ISA	O
Dictionary	O
definition	O
for	O
P&ID	O
tells	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
,	O
``	O
show	O
the	O
interconnection	O
of	O
process	O
equipment	O
and	O
the	O
instrumentation	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
process	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
process	O
industry	O
a	O
standard	O
set	O
of	O
symbols	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
prepare	O
drawings	O
of	O
processes	O
.	O
The	O
instrument	O
symbols	O
used	O
in	O
these	O
drawings	O
are	O
generally	O
based	O
on	O
ISA-S5	O
.1	O
.	O
''	O
In	O
the	O
paper	O
the	O
ISA	B-KEY
standard	I-KEY
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
ISA-5	O
.1	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
develops	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
standard	O
''	O
and	O
poses	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
questions	O
that	O
the	O
``	O
standard	O
''	O
can	O
answer	O

Allan	B-KEY
variance	I-KEY
and	O
fractal	B-KEY
Brownian	I-KEY
motion	I-KEY
Noise	B-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
voluminous	O
literature	O
in	O
radio	B-KEY
engineering	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
methods	O
of	O
filtering	O
require	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
frequency	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
usually	O
unknown	O
.	O
D.W.	O
Allan	O
-LRB-	O
see	O
Proc	O
.	O
IEEE	O
,	O
vol	O
.54	O
,	O
no.	O
2	O
,	O
p.221-30	O
,	O
1966	O
;	O
IEEE	O
Trans	O
.	O
Instr	O
.	O
Measur.	O
,	O
vol.IM-36	O
,	O
p.646-54	O
,	O
1987	O
-RRB-	O
proposed	O
a	O
simple	O
method	O
of	O
determining	O
the	O
interval	O
between	O
equally	O
accurate	O
observations	O
which	O
does	O
without	O
this	O
information	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
variances	O
of	O
the	O
increments	O
of	O
noise	O
and	O
signal	O
are	O
equal	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
observations	O
with	O
a	O
greater	O
step	O
,	O
the	O
variations	O
caused	O
by	O
noise	O
are	O
smaller	O
than	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
signal	O
.	O
This	O
method	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
accepted	O
by	O
the	O
USA	B-KEY
metrology	I-KEY
community	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
present	O
paper	O
is	O
devoted	O
to	O
a	O
statistical	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
Allan	O
method	O
and	O
acquisition	O
of	O
additional	O
information	O

Four	O
factors	O
influencing	O
the	O
fair	B-KEY
market	I-KEY
value	I-KEY
of	O
out-of	O
print	O
books	O
.	O
2	O
Fot	O
pt	O
.1	O
see	O
ibid.	O
,	O
p.71-8	O
-LRB-	O
2002	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Data	O
from	O
the	O
fifty-six	O
titles	O
examined	O
qualitatively	O
in	O
the	O
Patterson	O
study	O
are	O
examined	O
quantitatively	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
four	O
factors	O
of	O
edition	O
,	O
condition	O
,	O
dust	O
jacket	O
,	O
and	O
autograph	O
that	O
were	O
hypothesized	O
to	O
influence	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
a	O
book	O
,	O
four	O
other	O
factors	O
for	O
which	O
information	O
was	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
were	O
examined	O

A	O
framework	O
of	O
electronic	B-KEY
tendering	I-KEY
for	O
government	O
procurement	O
:	O
a	O
lesson	O
learned	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
To	O
render	O
government	O
procurement	O
efficient	O
,	O
transparent	O
,	O
nondiscriminating	O
,	O
and	O
accountable	O
,	O
an	O
electronic	B-KEY
government	I-KEY
procurement	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
is	O
required	O
.	O
Accordingly	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-KEY
government	I-KEY
procurement	I-KEY
law	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
TGPL	O
-RRB-	O
states	O
that	O
suppliers	O
may	O
employ	O
electronic	O
devices	O
to	O
forward	O
a	O
tender	O
.	O
This	O
investigation	O
demonstrates	O
how	O
the	O
electronic	B-KEY
government	I-KEY
procurement	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
functions	O
and	O
reengineers	B-KEY
internal	B-KEY
procurement	I-KEY
processes	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
benefits	O
both	O
government	O
bodies	O
and	O
vendors	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
features	O
explored	O
herein	O
include	O
posting/receiving	O
bids	O
via	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
vendor	B-KEY
registration	I-KEY
,	O
certificate	B-KEY
authorization	I-KEY
,	O
contract	B-KEY
development	I-KEY
tools	I-KEY
,	O
bid/request	O
for	O
proposal	O
-LRB-	O
RFP	O
-RRB-	O
development	O
,	O
online	B-KEY
bidding	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
online	B-KEY
payment	I-KEY
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
integrated	O
easily	O
within	O
most	O
existing	O
information	O
infrastructures	O

Industry	O
insiders	O
loading	O
up	O
on	O
cheap	O
company	O
stock	O
A	O
surge	O
of	O
telecom	O
executives	O
and	O
directors	O
purchasing	O
their	O
own	O
companies	O
,	O
stock	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
months	O
points	O
toward	O
a	O
renewed	O
optimism	O
in	O
the	O
beleaguered	O
sector	O
,	O
say	O
some	O
observers	O
,	O
who	O
view	O
the	O
rash	O
of	O
insider	O
buying	O
as	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
confidence	O
from	O
management	O
.	O
Airgate	O
PCS	O
,	O
Charter	O
Communications	O
,	O
Cox	O
Communications	O
,	O
Crown	O
Castle	O
International	O
,	O
Nextel	O
Communications	O
and	O
Nortel	O
Networks	O
all	O
have	O
seen	O
infusions	O
of	O
insider	B-KEY
investment	I-KEY
this	O
summer	O
,	O
echoing	O
trends	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
telecom	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
national	O
economy	O

Computer-mediated	B-KEY
communication	I-KEY
and	O
remote	B-KEY
management	O
:	O
integration	O
or	O
isolation	O
?	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
intranets	B-KEY
and	O
e-mails	B-KEY
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
remote	B-KEY
staff	O
is	O
increasing	O
rapidly	O
within	O
organizations	O
.	O
For	O
many	O
companies	B-KEY
this	O
is	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
speedy	O
and	O
cost-effective	B-KEY
way	O
of	O
keeping	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
staff	O
and	O
ensuring	O
their	O
continuing	O
commitment	O
to	O
company	B-KEY
goals	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
highlights	O
the	O
problems	O
experienced	O
by	O
staff	O
when	O
managers	B-KEY
use	O
intranets	B-KEY
and	O
e-mails	B-KEY
in	O
an	O
inappropriate	O
fashion	O
for	O
these	O
purposes	O
.	O
Issues	O
of	O
remoteness	B-KEY
and	O
isolation	O
are	O
discussed	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
reports	O
of	O
frustration	O
and	O
disidentification	O
experienced	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
shown	O
that	O
when	O
used	O
appropriately	O
,	O
communication	O
using	O
these	O
technologies	O
can	O
facilitate	O
shared	O
understanding	O
and	O
help	O
remote	B-KEY
staff	O
to	O
view	O
their	O
company	O
as	O
alive	O
and	O
exciting	O
.	O
Theoretical	O
aspects	O
are	O
highlighted	O
and	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
are	O
discussed	O

Application	O
of	O
multiprocessor	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
for	O
computation	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
jets	I-KEY
The	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
methods	O
for	O
numerical	O
solution	O
of	O
gas-dynamic	B-KEY
problems	I-KEY
on	O
a	O
wide	O
class	O
of	O
multiprocessor	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
conventionally	O
characterized	O
as	O
``	O
cluster	O
''	O
systems	O
.	O
A	O
standard	O
data-transfer	B-KEY
interface	I-KEY
-	O
the	O
so-called	O
message	B-KEY
passing	I-KEY
interface	I-KEY
-	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
parallelization	O
of	O
application	O
algorithms	O
among	O
processors	O
.	O
Simulation	O
of	O
jets	O
escaping	O
into	O
a	O
low-pressure	B-KEY
region	I-KEY
is	O
chosen	O
as	O
a	O
computational	O
example	O

Designing	O
a	O
new	O
urban	O
Internet	B-KEY
The	O
parallel	O
between	O
designing	O
a	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
building	O
is	O
a	O
familiar	O
one	O
,	O
but	O
how	O
often	O
do	O
we	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
as	O
having	O
parks	O
and	O
streets	O
?	O
It	O
would	O
be	O
absurd	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
could	O
ever	O
take	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
real	O
,	O
livable	O
communities	B-KEY
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
safe	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
context	O
for	O
using	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
is	O
on	O
a	O
path	O
of	O
change	O
.	O
As	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
evolves	O
beyond	O
a	O
simple	O
linkage	O
of	O
disparate	O
Web	B-KEY
sites	I-KEY
and	O
applications	O
,	O
the	O
challenge	O
for	O
Information	B-KEY
Architects	I-KEY
is	O
establishing	O
a	O
process	O
by	O
which	O
to	O
structure	O
,	O
organize	O
,	O
and	O
design	O
networked	B-KEY
environments	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
principles	O
that	O
guide	O
New	O
Urbanism	O
can	O
offer	O
much	O
insight	O
into	O
networked	B-KEY
electronic	I-KEY
environment	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
.	O
At	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
every	O
New	O
Urbanism	O
principle	O
is	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
``	O
wholeness	O
''	O
-	O
of	O
making	O
sure	O
that	O
neighborhoods	O
and	O
communities	B-KEY
are	O
knit	O
together	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
supports	O
civic	O
activities	O
,	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
efficient	O
ecosystems	O
,	O
aesthetic	O
beauty	O
,	O
and	O
human	O
interaction	O

Comprehensive	O
encoding	O
and	O
decoupling	O
solution	O
to	O
problems	O
of	O
decoherence	B-KEY
and	O
design	O
in	O
solid-state	B-KEY
quantum	I-KEY
computing	I-KEY
Proposals	O
for	O
scalable	B-KEY
quantum	I-KEY
computing	I-KEY
devices	I-KEY
suffer	O
not	O
only	O
from	O
decoherence	B-KEY
due	O
to	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
their	O
environment	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
from	O
severe	O
engineering	B-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
.	O
Here	O
we	O
introduce	O
a	O
practical	O
solution	O
to	O
these	O
major	O
concerns	O
,	O
addressing	O
solid-state	O
proposals	O
in	O
particular	O
.	O
Decoherence	B-KEY
is	O
first	O
reduced	O
by	O
encoding	O
a	O
logical	O
qubit	O
into	O
two	O
qubits	O
,	O
then	O
completely	O
eliminated	O
by	O
an	O
efficient	O
set	O
of	O
decoupling	O
pulse	O
sequences	O
.	O
The	O
same	O
encoding	O
removes	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
single-qubit	O
operations	O
,	O
which	O
pose	O
a	O
difficult	O
design	O
constraint	O
.	O
We	O
further	O
show	O
how	O
the	O
dominant	O
decoherence	B-KEY
processes	O
can	O
be	O
identified	O
empirically	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
decoupling	O
pulses	O

Post-haste	O
.	O
100th	O
robotic	B-KEY
containerization	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
installed	O
in	O
US	O
mail	B-KEY
sorting	I-KEY
center	O
Spot	O
welding	O
,	O
machine	O
tending	O
,	O
material	O
handling	O
,	O
picking	O
,	O
packing	O
,	O
painting	O
,	O
palletizing	O
,	O
assembly	O
...	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
tasks	O
being	O
performed	O
by	O
ABB	B-KEY
robots	I-KEY
keeps	O
on	O
growing	O
.	O
Adding	O
to	O
this	O
portfolio	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
robot	B-KEY
containerization	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
RCS	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
ABB	O
developed	O
specifically	O
for	O
the	O
United	B-KEY
States	I-KEY
Postal	I-KEY
Service	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
USPS	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
RCS	O
has	O
brought	O
new	O
levels	O
of	O
speed	O
,	O
accuracy	O
,	O
efficiency	O
and	O
productivity	O
to	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
sorting	O
and	O
containerizing	O
mail	O
and	O
packages	O
.	O
Recently	O
,	O
the	O
100th	O
ABB	O
RCS	O
was	O
installed	O
at	O
the	O
USPS	O
processing	O
and	O
distribution	O
center	O
in	O
Columbus	O
,	O
Ohio	O

Fully	B-KEY
automatic	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
for	O
region	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
interest	I-KEY
location	I-KEY
in	O
camera	O
calibration	O
We	O
present	O
an	O
automatic	O
method	O
for	O
region	O
of	O
interest	O
-LRB-	O
ROI	O
-RRB-	O
location	O
in	O
camera	B-KEY
calibration	I-KEY
used	O
in	O
computer	B-KEY
vision	I-KEY
inspection	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
intelligent	O
ROI	B-KEY
location	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
the	O
Radon	B-KEY
transform	I-KEY
is	O
developed	O
to	O
automate	O
the	O
calibration	B-KEY
process	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
algorithm	O
remains	O
robust	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
anchor	O
target	O
has	O
a	O
notable	O
rotation	B-KEY
angle	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
target	O
plane	O
.	O
This	O
method	O
functions	O
well	O
although	O
the	O
anchor	O
target	O
is	O
not	O
carefully	O
positioned	O
.	O
Several	O
improvement	O
methods	O
are	O
studied	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
algorithm	O
's	O
huge	O
time/space	B-KEY
consumption	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
algorithm	O
runs	O
about	O
100	O
times	O
faster	O
if	O
these	O
improvement	O
methods	O
are	O
applied	O
.	O
Using	O
this	O
method	O
fully	B-KEY
automatic	I-KEY
camera	I-KEY
calibration	I-KEY
is	O
achieved	O
without	O
human	O
interactive	O
ROI	O
specification	O
.	O
Experiments	O
show	O
that	O
this	O
algorithm	O
can	O
help	O
to	O
calibrate	O
the	O
intrinsic	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
zoom	B-KEY
lens	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
camera	B-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
quickly	O
and	O
automatically	O

On	O
optimality	O
in	O
auditory	O
information	O
processing	O
We	O
study	O
limits	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
estimation	O
of	O
weak	B-KEY
sinusoidal	I-KEY
signals	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
primary	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
mammalian	B-KEY
auditory	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
using	O
a	O
stochastic	B-KEY
Fitzhugh-Nagumo	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
and	O
an	O
action-recovery	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
synaptic	O
depression	O
.	O
Our	O
overall	O
model	O
covers	O
the	O
chain	O
from	O
a	O
hair	O
cell	O
to	O
a	O
point	O
just	O
after	O
the	O
synaptic	O
connection	O
with	O
a	O
cell	O
in	O
the	O
cochlear	O
nucleus	O
.	O
The	O
information	O
processing	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
evaluated	O
using	O
so-called	O
phi	O
-	O
divergences	O
from	O
statistics	O
that	O
quantify	O
``	O
dissimilarity	O
''	O
between	O
probability	O
measures	O
and	O
are	O
intimately	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
fundamental	O
limits	O
in	O
statistics	O
and	O
information	O
theory	O
-LRB-	O
IT	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
there	O
exists	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
parameters	O
that	O
can	O
optimize	O
several	O
important	O
phi	O
-	O
divergences	O
simultaneously	O
and	O
that	O
this	O
set	O
corresponds	O
to	O
a	O
constant	O
quiescent	B-KEY
firing	I-KEY
rate	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
QFR	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	O
spiral	B-KEY
ganglion	I-KEY
neuron	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
optimal	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
QFR	O
is	O
frequency	O
dependent	O
but	O
is	O
essentially	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
amplitude	O
of	O
the	O
signal	O
-LRB-	O
for	O
small	O
amplitudes	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Consequently	O
,	O
optimal	O
processing	O
according	O
to	O
several	O
standard	O
IT	O
criteria	O
can	O
be	O
accomplished	O
for	O
this	O
model	O
if	O
and	O
only	O
if	O
the	O
parameters	O
are	O
``	O
tuned	O
''	O
to	O
values	O
that	O
correspond	O
to	O
one	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
QFR	O
.	O
This	O
offers	O
a	O
new	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
QFR	O
and	O
can	O
provide	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
role	O
played	O
by	O
several	O
other	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
peripheral	B-KEY
auditory	I-KEY
system	I-KEY

Java	O
portability	O
put	O
to	O
the	O
test	O
Sun	B-KEY
Microsystems	I-KEY
'	O
recently	O
launched	O
Java	B-KEY
Verification	I-KEY
Program	I-KEY
aims	O
to	O
enable	O
companies	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
cross-platform	B-KEY
portability	I-KEY
of	O
applications	O
written	O
in	O
Java	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
help	O
software	O
vendors	O
ensure	O
that	O
their	O
solutions	O
can	O
run	O
in	O
heterogenous	O
J2EE	O
application	O
server	O
environments	O

An	O
optimal	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
reachability	B-KEY
set	I-KEY
approximation	I-KEY
and	O
linearization	B-KEY
The	O
terminal	B-KEY
functional	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
general	O
control	O
system	O
is	O
refined	O
by	O
studying	O
an	O
analogous	O
problem	O
for	O
a	O
variational	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
and	O
regularization	B-KEY
.	O
A	O
sequential	B-KEY
refinement	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
is	O
designed	O
by	O
combining	O
the	O
local	B-KEY
approximation	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
reachability	O
set	O
and	O
reduction	O
.	O
The	O
corresponding	O
algorithm	O
has	O
relaxation	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
illustrative	O
example	O
is	O
given	O

Managing	O
safety	O
and	O
strategic	B-KEY
stocks	I-KEY
to	O
improve	O
materials	B-KEY
requirements	I-KEY
planning	I-KEY
performance	O
This	O
paper	O
provides	O
a	O
methodology	O
for	O
managing	O
safety	O
and	O
strategic	B-KEY
stocks	I-KEY
in	O
materials	B-KEY
requirements	I-KEY
planning	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MRP	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
environments	O
to	O
face	O
uncertainty	O
in	O
market	B-KEY
demand	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
set	O
of	O
recommended	O
guidelines	O
suggest	O
where	O
to	O
position	O
,	O
how	O
to	O
dimension	O
and	O
when	O
to	O
replenish	O
both	O
safety	O
and	O
strategic	B-KEY
stocks	I-KEY
.	O
Trade-offs	O
between	O
stock	O
positioning	O
and	O
dimensioning	O
and	O
between	O
stock	O
positioning	O
and	O
replenishment	O
order	O
triggering	O
are	O
outlined	O
.	O
The	O
study	O
reveals	O
also	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
decisions	O
are	O
system	O
specific	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
in	O
a	O
quantitative	O
manner	O
through	O
simulation	O
.	O
A	O
case	O
study	O
is	O
reported	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
benefits	O
from	O
adopting	O
the	O
new	O
proposed	O
methodology	O
lie	O
in	O
achieving	O
the	O
target	O
service	B-KEY
level	I-KEY
even	O
under	O
peak	B-KEY
demand	I-KEY
conditions	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
safety	B-KEY
stocks	I-KEY
as	O
a	O
whole	O
growing	O
only	O
by	O
about	O
20	O
per	O
cent	O

A	O
pretopological	B-KEY
approach	I-KEY
for	O
structural	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
methodological	O
approach	O
for	O
problems	O
encountered	O
in	O
structural	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
approach	O
is	O
based	O
upon	O
the	O
pretopological	O
concepts	O
of	O
pseudoclosure	B-KEY
and	O
minimal	B-KEY
closed	I-KEY
subsets	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
advantage	O
of	O
this	O
approach	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
provides	O
a	O
framework	O
which	O
is	O
general	O
enough	O
to	O
model	O
and	O
formulate	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
connections	B-KEY
that	O
exist	O
between	O
the	O
elements	O
of	O
a	O
population	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
enabled	O
us	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
structural	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
algorithm	O
.	O
An	O
explanation	O
of	O
the	O
definitions	O
and	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
pretopological	O
concepts	O
applied	O
in	O
this	O
work	O
is	O
first	O
shown	O
and	O
illustrated	O
in	O
sample	O
settings	O
.	O
The	O
structural	B-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
algorithm	O
is	O
then	O
described	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
obtained	O
in	O
an	O
economic	B-KEY
study	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
geographic	B-KEY
proximity	I-KEY
on	O
scientific	B-KEY
collaborations	I-KEY
are	O
presented	O

A	O
framework	O
for	O
evaluating	O
the	O
data-hiding	B-KEY
capacity	I-KEY
of	O
image	B-KEY
sources	I-KEY
An	O
information-theoretic	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
for	O
image	O
watermarking	B-KEY
and	O
data	O
hiding	O
is	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O
Previous	O
theoretical	O
results	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
fundamental	O
capacity	B-KEY
limits	I-KEY
of	O
image	O
watermarking	B-KEY
and	O
data-hiding	O
systems	O
.	O
Capacity	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
statistical	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
used	O
for	O
the	O
host	O
image	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
distortion	B-KEY
constraints	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
data	O
hider	O
and	O
the	O
attacker	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
information	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
data	O
hider	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
attacker	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
decoder	O
.	O
We	O
consider	O
autoregressive	O
,	O
block-DCT	O
,	O
and	O
wavelet	B-KEY
statistical	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
for	O
images	O
and	O
compute	O
data-hiding	O
capacity	O
for	O
compressed	O
and	O
uncompressed	O
host-image	O
sources	O
.	O
Closed-form	B-KEY
expressions	I-KEY
are	O
obtained	O
under	O
sparse-model	B-KEY
approximations	I-KEY
.	O
Models	O
for	O
geometric	B-KEY
attacks	I-KEY
and	O
distortion	B-KEY
measures	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
invariant	O
to	O
such	O
attacks	O
are	O
considered	O

Standards	O
for	O
service	B-KEY
discovery	I-KEY
and	O
delivery	O
For	O
the	O
past	O
five	O
years	O
,	O
competing	O
industries	O
and	O
standards	O
developers	O
have	O
been	O
hotly	O
pursuing	O
automatic	O
configuration	O
,	O
now	O
coined	O
the	O
broader	O
term	O
service	B-KEY
discovery	I-KEY
.	O
Jini	B-KEY
,	O
Universal	B-KEY
Plug	I-KEY
and	I-KEY
Play	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
UPnP	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Salutation	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
Service	B-KEY
Location	I-KEY
Protocol	I-KEY
are	O
among	O
the	O
front-runners	O
in	O
this	O
new	O
race	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
choosing	O
service	B-KEY
discovery	I-KEY
as	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
the	O
hour	O
goes	O
beyond	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
plug-and-play	O
solutions	O
or	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
SOHO	O
-LRB-	O
small	O
office/home	O
office	O
-RRB-	O
user	O
.	O
Service	B-KEY
discovery	I-KEY
's	O
potential	O
in	O
mobile	O
and	O
pervasive	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
environments	O
motivated	O
my	O
choice	O

Chemical	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
based	I-KEY
scaling	I-KEY
of	O
molecular	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
universal	B-KEY
chemical	I-KEY
scale	I-KEY
for	O
library	B-KEY
design	I-KEY
and	O
analysis	O
Scaling	O
is	O
a	O
difficult	O
issue	O
for	O
any	O
analysis	O
of	O
chemical	B-KEY
properties	I-KEY
or	O
molecular	B-KEY
topology	I-KEY
when	O
disparate	O
descriptors	O
are	O
involved	O
.	O
To	O
compare	O
properties	O
across	O
different	O
data	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
common	O
scale	O
must	O
be	O
defined	O
.	O
Using	O
several	O
publicly	O
available	O
databases	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
ACD	O
,	O
CMC	O
,	O
MDDR	O
,	O
and	O
NCI	O
-RRB-	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
to	O
define	O
chemically	O
meaningful	O
scales	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
molecular	O
properties	O
and	O
topology	O
descriptors	O
.	O
These	O
chemically	O
derived	O
scaling	O
functions	O
have	O
several	O
advantages	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
define	O
chemically	O
relevant	O
scales	O
,	O
greatly	O
simplifying	O
similarity	O
and	O
diversity	B-KEY
analyses	I-KEY
across	O
data	B-KEY
sets	I-KEY
.	O
Second	O
,	O
this	O
approach	O
provides	O
a	O
convenient	O
method	O
for	O
setting	O
descriptor	B-KEY
boundaries	I-KEY
that	O
define	O
chemically	O
reasonable	O
topology	O
spaces	O
.	O
For	O
example	O
,	O
descriptors	O
can	O
be	O
scaled	O
so	O
that	O
compounds	O
with	O
little	O
potential	O
for	O
biological	B-KEY
activity	I-KEY
,	O
bioavailability	B-KEY
,	O
or	O
other	O
drug-like	B-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
are	O
easily	O
identified	O
as	O
outliers	B-KEY
.	O
We	O
have	O
compiled	O
scaling	O
values	O
for	O
314	O
molecular	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
addition	O
the	O
10th	O
and	O
90th	O
percentile	O
values	O
for	O
each	O
descriptor	O
have	O
been	O
calculated	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
outlier	B-KEY
filtering	O

Pattern	B-KEY
recognition	I-KEY
strategies	I-KEY
for	O
molecular	B-KEY
surfaces	I-KEY
.	O
II	O
.	O
Surface	B-KEY
complementarity	I-KEY
For	O
pt.I	O
see	O
ibid.	O
,	O
vol	O
.23	O
,	O
p.1176-87	O
-LRB-	O
2002	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Fuzzy	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
based	I-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
quantitative	B-KEY
treatment	I-KEY
of	O
complementarity	O
of	O
molecular	B-KEY
surfaces	I-KEY
are	O
presented	O
.	O
Therein	O
,	O
the	O
overlapping	B-KEY
surface	I-KEY
patches	O
defined	O
in	O
part	O
I	O
of	O
this	O
series	O
are	O
used	O
.	O
The	O
identification	O
of	O
complementary	O
surface	O
patches	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
first	O
step	O
for	O
the	O
solution	O
of	O
molecular	O
docking	O
problems	O
.	O
Standard	O
technologies	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
further	O
optimization	B-KEY
of	O
the	O
resulting	O
complex	O
structures	O
.	O
The	O
algorithms	O
are	O
applied	O
to	O
33	O
biomolecular	B-KEY
complexes	I-KEY
.	O
After	O
the	O
optimization	B-KEY
with	O
a	O
downhill	B-KEY
simplex	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
,	O
for	O
all	O
these	O
complexes	O
one	O
structure	O
was	O
found	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
very	O
good	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
experimental	O
results	O

Strategies	O
for	O
high	O
throughput	O
,	O
templated	B-KEY
zeolite	I-KEY
synthesis	I-KEY
The	O
design	O
and	O
redesign	O
of	O
high	O
throughput	O
experiments	O
for	O
zeolite	O
synthesis	O
are	O
addressed	O
.	O
A	O
model	O
that	O
relates	O
materials	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
chemical	B-KEY
composition	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
zeolite	O
and	O
the	O
structure	B-KEY
directing	I-KEY
agent	I-KEY
is	O
introduced	O
.	O
Using	O
this	O
model	O
,	O
several	O
Monte	B-KEY
Carlo-like	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
protocols	I-KEY
are	O
evaluated	O
.	O
Multi-round	B-KEY
protocols	I-KEY
are	O
bound	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
,	O
and	O
strategies	O
that	O
use	O
a	B-KEY
priori	I-KEY
information	I-KEY
about	O
the	O
structure-directing	O
libraries	O
are	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O

E-government	B-KEY
The	O
author	O
provides	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
issues	O
surrounding	O
E-government	B-KEY
modernisation	B-KEY
and	O
electronic	B-KEY
delivery	I-KEY
of	O
all	O
public	B-KEY
services	I-KEY
by	O
2005	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
makes	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
E-government	B-KEY
is	O
about	O
transformation	O
,	O
not	O
computers	O
and	O
hints	O
at	O
the	O
special	O
legal	B-KEY
issues	I-KEY
which	O
may	O
arise	O

Warranty	B-KEY
reserves	I-KEY
for	O
nonstationary	B-KEY
sales	I-KEY
processes	I-KEY
Estimation	O
of	O
warranty	O
costs	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
product	B-KEY
failure	I-KEY
within	O
the	O
warranty	O
period	O
,	O
is	O
of	O
importance	O
to	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
.	O
Costs	O
associated	O
with	O
replacement	O
or	O
repair	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
are	O
usually	O
drawn	O
from	O
a	O
warranty	B-KEY
reserve	I-KEY
fund	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
.	O
Considering	O
a	O
stochastic	B-KEY
sales	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
,	O
first	O
and	O
second	B-KEY
moments	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
and	O
thereby	O
the	O
variance	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
are	O
derived	O
for	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
total	B-KEY
discounted	I-KEY
warranty	I-KEY
cost	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
single	O
sale	O
for	O
single-component	B-KEY
items	I-KEY
under	O
four	O
different	O
warranty	O
policies	O
from	O
a	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
.	O
These	O
servicing	B-KEY
strategies	I-KEY
represent	O
a	O
renewable	B-KEY
free-replacement	I-KEY
,	O
nonrenewable	B-KEY
free-replacement	I-KEY
,	O
renewable	B-KEY
pro-rata	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
a	O
nonrenewable	B-KEY
minimal-repair	I-KEY
warranty	I-KEY
plans	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
results	O
are	O
extended	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
mean	O
and	O
variance	B-KEY
of	O
total	B-KEY
discounted	I-KEY
warranty	I-KEY
costs	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
total	O
sales	O
over	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
normal	B-KEY
approximation	I-KEY
,	O
warranty	B-KEY
reserves	I-KEY
necessary	O
for	O
a	O
certain	O
protection	O
level	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
reserves	O
are	O
not	O
completely	O
depleted	O
,	O
are	O
found	O
.	O
Results	O
and	O
their	O
managerial	B-KEY
implications	I-KEY
are	O
studied	O
through	O
an	O
extensive	O
example	O

Library	O
services	O
today	O
and	O
tomorrow	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
iLumina	B-KEY
,	O
a	O
digital	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
for	O
creating	O
and	O
sharing	O
teaching	O
resources	O
This	O
article	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
emerging	O
experience	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
digital	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
of	O
instructional	O
resources	O
,	O
iLumina	B-KEY
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
contributors	O
of	O
resources	O
and	O
the	O
users	O
of	O
those	O
resources	O
are	O
the	O
same-an	O
open	O
community	O
of	O
instructors	O
in	O
science	O
,	O
mathematics	O
,	O
engineering	O
,	O
and	O
technology	O
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
resources	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
across	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
,	O
but	O
metadata	B-KEY
about	O
the	O
resources	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
iLumina	B-KEY
repository	O
and	O
its	O
support	O
services	O
for	O
resource	O
contributors	O
and	O
users	O
.	O
The	O
distributed	O
iLumina	B-KEY
library	O
is	O
a	O
community-sharing	B-KEY
library	I-KEY
for	O
repurposing	O
and	O
adding	O
value	O
to	O
potentially	O
useful	O
,	O
mostly	O
non-commercial	O
instructional	O
resources	O
that	O
are	O
typically	O
more	O
granular	O
in	O
nature	O
than	O
commercially	O
developed	O
course	O
materials	O
.	O
The	O
experience	O
of	O
developing	O
iLumina	B-KEY
is	O
raising	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
issues	O
that	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
place	O
and	O
time	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
instructional	O
context	O
in	O
which	O
iLumina	B-KEY
instructional	O
resources	O
are	O
created	O
or	O
used	O
.	O
The	O
issues	O
instead	O
have	O
their	O
locus	O
in	O
the	O
democratization	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
professional	B-KEY
roles	I-KEY
of	O
librarians	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
quality	B-KEY
assurance	I-KEY
mechanisms	O
associated	O
with	O
traditional	O
peer	B-KEY
review	I-KEY

An	O
unconditionally	O
stable	O
extended	O
-LRB-	O
USE	O
-RRB-	O
finite-element	O
time-domain	O
solution	O
of	O
active	B-KEY
nonlinear	I-KEY
microwave	I-KEY
circuits	I-KEY
using	O
perfectly	B-KEY
matched	I-KEY
layers	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
proposes	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
unconditionally	O
stable	O
finite-element	O
time-domain	O
-LRB-	O
FETD	O
-RRB-	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
global	B-KEY
electromagnetic	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
of	O
active	O
microwave	O
circuits	O
.	O
This	O
formulation	O
has	O
two	O
advantages	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
the	O
time-step	B-KEY
size	I-KEY
is	O
no	O
longer	O
governed	O
by	O
the	O
spatial	O
discretization	O
of	O
the	O
mesh	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
by	O
the	O
Nyquist	B-KEY
sampling	I-KEY
criterion	I-KEY
.	O
Second	O
,	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
truncation	O
by	O
the	O
perfectly	B-KEY
matched	I-KEY
layers	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
PML	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
straightforward	O
.	O
An	O
anisotropic	B-KEY
PML	I-KEY
absorbing	I-KEY
material	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
for	O
the	O
truncation	O
of	O
FETD	O
lattices	O
.	O
Reflection	O
less	O
than	O
-50	O
dB	O
is	O
obtained	O
numerically	O
over	O
the	O
entire	O
propagation	O
bandwidth	O
in	O
waveguide	B-KEY
and	O
microstrip	B-KEY
line	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
benchmark	O
test	O
on	O
a	O
microwave	B-KEY
amplifier	I-KEY
indicates	O
that	O
this	O
extended	O
FETD	O
algorithm	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
superior	O
to	O
finite-difference	O
time-domain-based	O
algorithm	O
in	O
mesh	B-KEY
flexibility	I-KEY
and	O
simulation	B-KEY
accuracy	I-KEY
,	O
but	O
also	O
reduces	O
computation	O
time	O
dramatically	O

MATLAB	B-KEY
code	I-KEY
for	O
plotting	O
ambiguity	O
functions	O
A	O
MATLAB	B-KEY
code	I-KEY
capable	O
of	O
plotting	O
ambiguity	O
functions	O
of	O
many	O
different	O
radar	B-KEY
signals	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
MATLAB	O
's	O
sparse	B-KEY
matrix	I-KEY
operations	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
avoids	O
loops	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
as	O
a	O
pedagogical	B-KEY
tool	I-KEY
in	O
radar	B-KEY
courses	I-KEY
teaching	O
pulse	B-KEY
compression	I-KEY

Statistical	O
inference	O
with	O
partial	B-KEY
prior	I-KEY
information	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
a	O
Gauss-type	O
inequality	O
Potter	O
and	O
Anderson	O
-LRB-	O
1983	O
-RRB-	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
Bayesian	B-KEY
decision	I-KEY
procedure	I-KEY
requiring	O
the	O
specification	O
of	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
prior	B-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
restricted	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
minimal	B-KEY
probability	I-KEY
content	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
given	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
parameter	B-KEY
space	I-KEY
.	O
They	O
do	O
not	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
provide	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
that	O
subset	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
how	O
a	O
generalization	O
of	O
Gauss	O
'	O
inequality	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
relevant	O
parameter	O
subset	O

Phase	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
of	O
higher-order	B-KEY
squeezing	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
quantum	B-KEY
field	I-KEY
In	O
a	O
recent	O
experiment	O
-LSB-	O
Phys	O
.	O
Rev.	O
Lett	O
.	O
88	O
-LRB-	O
2002	O
-RRB-	O
023601	O
-RSB-	O
,	O
phase-dependent	B-KEY
photon	I-KEY
statistics	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
c.w.	O
system	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
mixing	O
of	O
a	O
coherent	O
field	O
with	O
a	O
two-photon	O
source	O
.	O
Their	O
system	O
has	O
the	O
advantage	O
over	O
other	O
atomic	B-KEY
transition-based	I-KEY
fluorescent	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
examine	O
further	O
the	O
squeezing	O
properties	O
of	O
higher-order	O
quantum	B-KEY
fluctuations	I-KEY
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
quadrature	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
combined	O
field	O
in	O
this	O
system	O
.	O
We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
efficient	O
and	O
lasting	O
higher-order	B-KEY
squeezing	I-KEY
effects	O
could	O
be	O
observed	O
with	O
proper	O
choice	O
of	O
the	O
relative	O
phase	O
between	O
the	O
pump	O
and	O
coherent	O
fields	O
.	O
This	O
nonclassical	O
feature	O
is	O
attributed	O
to	O
a	O
constructive	O
two-photon	B-KEY
interference	I-KEY
.	O
Relationship	O
between	O
the	O
second	O
-	O
and	O
higher-order	B-KEY
squeezing	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
field	O
is	O
discussed	O

Virus	O
hunting	O
We	O
all	O
appreciate	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
,	O
and	O
hopefully	O
we	O
have	O
all	O
deployed	O
,	O
anti-virus	B-KEY
software	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
good	O
news	O
is	O
that	O
AV	O
software	O
has	O
come	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
fast	O
.	O
Four	O
or	O
so	O
years	O
ago	O
it	O
was	O
true	O
to	O
write	O
that	O
AV	O
software	O
could	O
not	O
detect	O
Trojan	B-KEY
Horses	I-KEY
and	O
similar	O
intrusion	O
attempts	O
.	O
Now	O
it	O
can	O
and	O
does	O
.	O
McAfee	O
's	O
VirusScan	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
goes	O
one	O
further	O
;	O
it	O
detects	O
viruses	O
,	O
worms	B-KEY
and	O
Trojan	B-KEY
Horses	I-KEY
and	O
deploys	O
itself	O
as	O
a	O
firewall	O
to	O
filter	O
data	O
packets	O
,	O
control	O
access	O
to	O
Internet	O
resources	O
,	O
activate	O
rule	O
sets	O
for	O
specific	O
applications	O
,	O
in	O
general	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
hackers	O
.	O
But	O
like	O
so	O
much	O
software	O
,	O
we	O
use	O
it	O
with	O
little	O
thought	O
as	O
to	O
how	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
do	O
its	O
job	O
.	O
Behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
army	O
of	O
top	O
notch	O
programmers	B-KEY
trying	O
to	O
stay	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
baddies	O
who	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
last	O
count	O
,	O
had	O
produced	O
some	O
60,000	O
viruses	O

Modeling	O
self-consistent	O
multi-class	O
dynamic	O
traffic	O
flow	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
systematic	O
self-consistent	O
multiclass	O
multilane	B-KEY
traffic	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
derived	O
from	O
the	O
vehicular	B-KEY
Boltzmann	I-KEY
equation	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
traffic	B-KEY
dispersion	I-KEY
model	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
multilane	O
domain	O
is	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
space	O
and	O
the	O
interaction	O
among	O
vehicles	O
in	O
the	O
domain	O
is	O
described	O
by	O
a	O
dispersion	O
model	O
.	O
The	O
reason	O
we	O
consider	O
a	O
multilane	O
domain	O
as	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
space	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
driving	O
behavior	O
of	O
road	B-KEY
users	I-KEY
may	O
not	O
be	O
restricted	O
by	O
lanes	O
,	O
especially	O
motorcyclists	O
.	O
The	O
dispersion	O
model	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
Poisson	I-KEY
equation	I-KEY
,	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
car-following	O
theory	O
and	O
the	O
equilibrium	O
assumption	O
.	O
Under	O
the	O
concept	O
that	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
users	O
share	O
the	O
finite	O
section	O
,	O
the	O
density	O
is	O
distributed	O
on	O
a	O
road	O
by	O
the	O
dispersion	O
model	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
dynamic	B-KEY
evolution	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
traffic	O
flow	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
systematic	O
gas-kinetic	O
model	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
Boltzmann	O
equation	O
.	O
Multiplying	O
Boltzmann	O
equation	O
by	O
the	O
zeroth	O
,	O
first	O
-	O
and	O
second-order	O
moment	O
functions	O
,	O
integrating	O
both	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
equation	O
and	O
using	O
chain	O
rules	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
derive	O
continuity	O
,	O
motion	O
and	O
variance	B-KEY
equation	I-KEY
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
second-order	O
moment	O
function	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
square	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
velocity	O
,	O
is	O
employed	O
by	O
previous	O
researches	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
physical	O
meaning	O
in	O
traffic	O
flow	O

Control	O
centers	O
are	O
here	O
to	O
stay	O
Despite	O
changes	O
with	O
different	O
structures	O
,	O
market	O
rules	O
,	O
and	O
uncertainties	O
,	O
a	O
control	O
center	O
must	O
always	O
be	O
in	O
place	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
security	O
,	O
reliability	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
electric	O
service	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
energy	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
system	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
EMS	O
-RRB-	O
control	O
center	O
,	O
identifying	O
the	O
major	O
functions	O
that	O
have	O
become	O
standard	B-KEY
components	I-KEY
of	O
every	O
application	B-KEY
software	I-KEY
package	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
two	O
most	O
important	O
control	O
center	O
functions	O
,	O
security	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
and	O
load-following	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
,	O
guarantee	O
the	O
continuity	O
of	O
electric	O
service	O
,	O
which	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
end-product	O
of	O
the	O
utility	O
business	O
.	O
New	O
technology	O
trends	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
control	B-KEY
center	I-KEY
infrastructures	I-KEY
are	O
emerging	O
in	O
the	O
liberalized	B-KEY
environment	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
energy	B-KEY
market	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
control	B-KEY
center	I-KEY
infrastructure	I-KEY
is	O
described	O
.	O
The	O
article	O
ends	O
with	O
a	O
concern	O
for	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
center	O
itself	O

The	O
Canadian	B-KEY
National	I-KEY
Site	I-KEY
Licensing	I-KEY
Project	I-KEY
In	O
January	O
2000	O
,	O
a	O
consortium	O
of	O
64	O
universities	O
in	O
Canada	O
signed	O
a	O
historic	O
inter-institutional	B-KEY
agreement	I-KEY
that	O
launched	O
the	O
Canadian	B-KEY
National	I-KEY
Site	I-KEY
Licensing	I-KEY
Project	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CNSLP	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
three-year	O
pilot	O
project	O
aimed	O
at	O
bolstering	O
the	O
research	B-KEY
and	I-KEY
innovation	I-KEY
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
universities	O
.	O
CNSLP	B-KEY
tests	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
licensing	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
national	O
scale	O
,	O
electronic	O
versions	O
of	O
scholarly	O
publications	O
;	O
in	O
its	O
initial	O
phases	O
the	O
project	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
full-text	B-KEY
electronic	I-KEY
journals	I-KEY
and	O
research	B-KEY
databases	I-KEY
in	O
science	O
,	O
engineering	O
,	O
health	O
and	O
environmental	O
disciplines	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
CNSLP	B-KEY
initiative	O
,	O
summarizes	O
organizational	O
and	O
licensing	O
accomplishments	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
and	O
offers	O
preliminary	O
observations	O
on	O
challenges	O
and	O
opportunities	O
for	O
subsequent	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
project	O

Low-voltage	O
DRAM	O
sensing	O
scheme	O
with	O
offset-cancellation	O
sense	O
amplifier	O
A	O
novel	O
bitline	B-KEY
sensing	I-KEY
scheme	I-KEY
is	O
proposed	O
for	O
low-voltage	O
DRAM	O
to	O
achieve	O
low	B-KEY
power	I-KEY
dissipation	I-KEY
and	O
compatibility	O
with	O
low-voltage	O
CMOS	O
.	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
obstacles	O
in	O
low-voltage	O
DRAM	O
is	O
the	O
degradation	O
of	O
data-retention	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
due	O
to	O
low	O
signal	O
level	O
at	O
the	O
memory	B-KEY
cell	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
requires	O
power-consuming	B-KEY
refresh	I-KEY
operations	I-KEY
more	O
frequently	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
proposes	O
an	O
offset-cancellation	O
sense-amplifier	O
scheme	O
-LRB-	O
OCSA	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
improves	O
data-retention	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
significantly	O
even	O
at	O
low	O
supply	O
voltage	O
.	O
It	O
also	O
improves	O
die	O
efficiency	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
proposed	O
scheme	O
reduces	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
sense	O
amplifiers	O
by	O
supporting	O
more	O
cells	O
in	O
each	O
sense	O
amplifier	O
.	O
Measurements	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
data-retention	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
scheme	O
at	O
1.5-V	O
supply	O
voltage	O
is	O
2.4	O
times	O
of	O
the	O
conventional	O
scheme	O
at	O
2.0	O
V	O

Recursive	B-KEY
state	I-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
for	O
multiple	B-KEY
switching	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
with	O
unknown	B-KEY
transition	I-KEY
probabilities	I-KEY
This	O
work	O
considers	O
hybrid	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
continuous-valued	B-KEY
target	I-KEY
states	I-KEY
and	O
discrete-valued	B-KEY
regime	I-KEY
variable	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
changes	O
-LRB-	O
switches	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	O
regime	O
variable	O
are	O
modeled	O
by	O
a	O
finite	B-KEY
state	I-KEY
Markov	I-KEY
chain	I-KEY
with	O
unknown	O
and	O
random	B-KEY
transition	I-KEY
probabilities	I-KEY
following	O
Dirichlet	B-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
.	O
Our	O
work	O
analytically	O
derives	O
the	O
marginal	B-KEY
posterior	I-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
states	O
and	O
regime	O
variables	O
,	O
the	O
transition	O
probabilities	O
being	O
integrated	O
out	O
.	O
This	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
recursive	O
hybrid	O
state	O
estimation	O
schemes	O
which	O
are	O
an	O
appealing	O
intuitive	O
and	O
straightforward	O
extension	O
of	O
standard	O
algorithms	O
.	O
Their	O
performance	O
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
a	O
maneuvering	B-KEY
target	I-KEY
tracking	I-KEY
example	O

Global	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
attracting	O
set	O
of	O
an	O
enzyme-catalysed	O
reaction	O
system	O
The	O
essential	O
feature	O
of	O
enzymatic	B-KEY
reactions	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
nonlinear	B-KEY
dependency	I-KEY
of	O
reaction	O
rate	O
on	O
metabolite	B-KEY
concentration	I-KEY
taking	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
saturation	B-KEY
kinetics	I-KEY
.	O
Recently	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
this	O
feature	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
``	O
loss	O
of	O
system	O
coordination	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Liu	O
,	O
1999	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
study	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
ordinary	B-KEY
differential	I-KEY
equations	I-KEY
representing	O
a	O
branched	O
biochemical	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
of	O
enzyme-mediated	B-KEY
reactions	I-KEY
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
this	O
system	O
can	O
become	O
very	O
sensitive	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
certain	O
maximum	O
enzyme	O
activities	O
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
system	O
exhibits	O
three	O
distinct	O
responses	O
:	O
a	O
unique	O
,	O
globally-stable	O
steady-state	O
,	O
large	O
amplitude	O
oscillations	O
,	O
and	O
asymptotically	O
unbounded	O
solutions	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
transition	O
between	O
these	O
states	O
being	O
almost	O
instantaneous	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
large	O
amplitude	O
,	O
stable	B-KEY
limit	I-KEY
cycles	I-KEY
occurs	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
``	O
false	O
''	O
bifurcation	B-KEY
or	O
canard	O
explosion	O
.	O
The	O
subsequent	O
disappearance	O
of	O
limit	O
cycles	O
corresponds	O
to	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
the	O
domain	O
of	O
attraction	O
of	O
the	O
attracting	O
set	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
occurs	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
global	O
bifurcation	B-KEY
in	O
the	O
flow	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
a	O
saddle	B-KEY
connection	I-KEY
.	O
Subsequently	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
nonnegative	O
data	O
become	O
unbounded	O
under	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
the	O
dynamical	O
system	O
and	O
correspond	O
exactly	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
system	O
coordination	O
.	O
We	O
discuss	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
these	O
results	O
to	O
the	O
possible	O
consequences	O
of	O
modulating	O
such	O
systems	O

The	O
archival	B-KEY
imagination	I-KEY
of	O
David	B-KEY
Bearman	I-KEY
,	O
revisited	O
Many	O
archivists	O
regard	O
the	O
archival	B-KEY
imagination	I-KEY
evidenced	O
in	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
David	B-KEY
Bearman	I-KEY
as	O
avant-garde	O
.	O
Archivist	O
L.	O
Henry	O
-LRB-	O
1998	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
sharply	O
criticized	O
Bearman	O
for	O
being	O
irreverent	O
toward	O
the	O
archival	B-KEY
theory	I-KEY
and	O
practice	O
outlined	O
by	O
classical	B-KEY
American	I-KEY
archivist	I-KEY
T.	O
R.	O
Schellenberg	B-KEY
.	O
Although	O
Bearman	O
is	O
sometimes	O
credited	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
sometimes	O
berated	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
establishing	O
``	O
a	O
new	O
paradigm	O
''	O
centered	O
on	O
the	O
archival	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
of	O
electronic	B-KEY
records	I-KEY
,	O
his	O
methods	O
and	O
strategies	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
encompass	O
all	O
forms	O
of	O
record	B-KEY
keeping	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
article	O
provides	O
general	O
observations	O
on	O
Bearman	O
's	O
archival	B-KEY
imagination	I-KEY
,	O
lists	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
components	O
,	O
and	O
addresses	O
elements	O
of	O
Henry	O
's	O
critique	O
.	O
Although	O
the	O
long	O
lasting	O
impact	O
of	O
Bearman	O
's	O
imagination	O
upon	O
the	O
archival	B-KEY
profession	I-KEY
might	O
be	O
questioned	O
,	O
it	O
nonetheless	O
deserves	O
continued	O
consideration	O
by	O
archivists	O
and	O
inclusion	O
as	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
graduate	B-KEY
archival	I-KEY
education	I-KEY

Variable	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
intelligent	I-KEY
control	I-KEY
for	O
PM	B-KEY
synchronous	I-KEY
servo	I-KEY
motor	I-KEY
drive	I-KEY
The	O
variable	O
structure	O
control	O
-LRB-	O
VSC	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
discrete	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
intelligent	O
control	O
is	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O
A	O
novel	O
approach	O
is	O
proposed	O
for	O
the	O
state	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
linear	B-KEY
observer	I-KEY
is	O
firstly	O
designed	O
.	O
Then	O
a	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
is	O
used	O
for	O
compensating	O
uncertainty	O
.	O
The	O
parameter	O
of	O
the	O
VSC	O
scheme	O
is	O
adjusted	O
online	O
by	O
a	O
neural	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
.	O
Practical	O
operating	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
PM	O
synchronous	O
motor	O
-LRB-	O
PMSM	O
-RRB-	O
illustrate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
practicability	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
approach	O

Cyberobscenity	B-KEY
and	O
the	O
ambit	O
of	O
English	O
criminal	B-KEY
law	I-KEY
The	O
author	O
looks	O
at	O
a	O
recent	O
case	O
and	O
questions	O
the	O
Court	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Appeal	I-KEY
's	O
approach	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
submission	O
,	O
the	O
Court	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Appeal	I-KEY
's	O
decision	O
in	O
Perrin	O
was	O
wrong	O
.	O
P	O
published	O
no	O
material	O
in	O
England	B-KEY
and	O
Wales	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
been	O
convicted	O
of	O
any	O
offence	O
under	O
English	O
law	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
proved	O
that	O
he	O
sought	O
to	O
attract	O
English	O
subscribers	O
to	O
his	O
site	O
.	O
That	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
unpalatable	O
conclusion	O
but	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
foreign-hosted	O
Internet	B-KEY
sites	I-KEY
is	O
to	O
be	O
controlled	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
sensible	O
way	O
forward	O
is	O
through	O
international	B-KEY
agreement	I-KEY
and	O
cooperation	O
.	O
The	O
Council	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Europe	I-KEY
's	O
Cybercrime	B-KEY
Convention	I-KEY
provides	O
some	O
indication	O
of	O
the	O
limited	O
areas	O
over	O
which	O
widespread	O
international	B-KEY
agreement	I-KEY
might	O
be	O
achieved	O

A	O
multimodal	O
data	B-KEY
collection	I-KEY
tool	O
using	O
REALbasic	O
and	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
This	O
project	O
uses	O
REALbasic	B-KEY
3.5	O
in	O
the	O
Mac	B-KEY
OS	I-KEY
X	I-KEY
environment	I-KEY
for	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
configuration	B-KEY
tool	I-KEY
that	O
builds	O
a	O
data	B-KEY
collection	I-KEY
procedure	O
for	O
investigating	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
sonified	B-KEY
graphs	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
advantage	O
of	O
using	O
REALbasic	B-KEY
with	O
the	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
system	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
provides	O
rapid	O
development	O
of	O
stimulus	B-KEY
presentation	I-KEY
,	O
direct	O
recording	O
of	O
data	O
to	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
over	O
other	O
procedural	O
issues	O
.	O
The	O
program	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
run	O
natively	O
on	O
the	O
new	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
system	O
,	O
older	O
Mac	O
OS	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
98SE	O
,	O
ME	O
,	O
2000	O
PRO	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
With	O
modification	O
,	O
similar	O
programs	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
present	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
visual/auditory	O
stimulus	O
combinations	O
,	O
complete	O
with	O
questions	O
for	O
each	O
stimulus	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
speech	B-KEY
input	I-KEY
in	O
wearable	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
Speech	B-KEY
recognition	I-KEY
seems	O
like	O
an	O
attractive	O
input	O
mechanism	O
for	O
wearable	B-KEY
computers	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
as	O
we	O
saw	O
in	O
this	O
magazine	O
's	O
first	O
issue	O
,	O
several	O
companies	O
are	O
promoting	O
products	O
that	O
use	O
limited	O
speech	B-KEY
interfaces	I-KEY
for	O
specific	O
tasks	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
overcome	O
several	O
challenges	O
to	O
using	O
speech	B-KEY
recognition	I-KEY
in	O
more	O
general	O
contexts	O
,	O
and	O
interface	O
designers	O
must	O
be	O
wary	O
of	O
applying	O
the	O
technology	O
to	O
situations	O
where	O
speech	O
is	O
inappropriate	O

Median	B-KEY
partitioning	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
novel	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
representative	O
subsets	O
from	O
large	B-KEY
compound	I-KEY
pools	I-KEY
A	O
method	O
termed	O
median	B-KEY
partitioning	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
MP	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
select	O
diverse	O
sets	O
of	O
molecules	B-KEY
from	O
large	B-KEY
compound	I-KEY
pools	I-KEY
.	O
Unlike	O
many	O
other	O
methods	O
for	O
subset	O
selection	O
,	O
the	O
MP	O
approach	O
does	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
pairwise	O
comparison	O
of	O
molecules	B-KEY
and	O
can	O
therefore	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
very	O
large	O
compound	O
collections	O
.	O
The	O
only	O
time	B-KEY
limiting	I-KEY
step	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
calculation	O
of	O
molecular	B-KEY
descriptors	I-KEY
for	O
database	B-KEY
compounds	I-KEY
.	O
MP	O
employs	O
arrays	O
of	O
property	O
descriptors	O
with	O
little	O
correlation	O
to	O
divide	O
large	B-KEY
compound	I-KEY
pools	I-KEY
into	O
partitions	O
from	O
which	O
representative	O
molecules	B-KEY
can	O
be	O
selected	O
.	O
In	O
each	O
of	O
n	O
subsequent	O
steps	O
,	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
molecules	B-KEY
is	O
divided	O
into	O
subpopulations	O
above	O
and	O
below	O
the	O
median	O
value	O
of	O
a	O
property	O
descriptor	O
until	O
a	O
desired	O
number	O
of	O
2/sup	O
n	O
/	O
partitions	O
are	O
obtained	O
.	O
For	O
descriptor	O
evaluation	O
and	O
selection	O
,	O
an	O
entropy	B-KEY
formulation	I-KEY
was	O
embedded	O
in	O
a	O
genetic	B-KEY
algorithm	I-KEY
.	O
MP	O
has	O
been	O
applied	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
Available	B-KEY
Chemicals	I-KEY
Directory	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
have	O
been	O
compared	O
with	O
cell-based	B-KEY
partitioning	I-KEY

Labscape	B-KEY
:	O
a	O
smart	B-KEY
environment	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
cell	B-KEY
biology	I-KEY
laboratory	O
Labscape	B-KEY
is	O
a	O
smart	B-KEY
environment	I-KEY
that	O
we	O
designed	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
work	O
in	O
a	O
cell	B-KEY
biology	I-KEY
laboratory	O
.	O
Our	O
goal	O
in	O
creating	O
it	O
was	O
to	O
simplify	O
,	O
laboratory	B-KEY
work	I-KEY
by	O
making	O
information	O
available	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
needed	O
and	O
by	O
collecting	O
and	O
organizing	O
data	O
where	O
and	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
created	O
into	O
a	O
formal	O
representation	O
that	O
others	O
can	O
understand	O
and	O
process	O
.	O
By	O
helping	O
biologists	O
produce	O
a	O
more	O
complete	O
record	O
of	O
their	O
work	O
with	O
less	O
effort	O
,	O
Labscape	B-KEY
is	O
designed	O
to	O
foster	O
improved	O
collaboration	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
increased	O
individual	O
efficiency	O
and	O
satisfaction	O
.	O
A	O
user-driven	O
system	O
,	O
although	O
technologically	O
conservative	O
,	O
embraces	O
a	O
central	O
goal	O
of	O
ubiquitous	B-KEY
computing	I-KEY
:	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
perform	O
domain	O
tasks	O
through	O
fluid	O
interaction	O
with	O
computational	O
resources	O
.	O
Smart	B-KEY
environments	I-KEY
could	O
soon	O
replace	O
the	O
pen	O
and	O
paper	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
laboratory	O
setting	O

Electrical	B-KEY
facility	I-KEY
construction	I-KEY
work	I-KEY
for	O
information	B-KEY
network	I-KEY
structuring	I-KEY
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
sewage	B-KEY
conduits	I-KEY
To	O
confront	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
the	O
advanced	O
information	O
society	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
pressing	O
demand	O
for	O
the	O
adjustment	O
of	O
the	O
communications	B-KEY
infrastructure	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
structuring	O
of	O
the	O
information	O
network	O
by	O
utilizing	O
the	O
sewage	B-KEY
conduits	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
City	O
of	O
Tokyo	B-KEY
is	O
promoting	O
a	O
project	O
by	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
sewer	O
optical	O
fiber	O
teleway	O
-LRB-	O
SOFT	O
-RRB-	O
network	O
plan	O
.	O
According	O
to	O
this	O
plan	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
distance	O
of	O
the	O
optical	O
fiber	O
network	O
laid	O
in	O
the	O
sewer	O
conduits	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
reach	O
about	O
470	O
km	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
March	O
2000	O
.	O
At	O
the	O
final	O
stage	O
,	O
this	O
distance	O
will	O
reach	O
800	O
km	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O
We	O
completed	O
the	O
construction	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
facilities	I-KEY
scattered	O
in	O
11	O
places	O
inclusive	O
of	O
the	O
Treatment	B-KEY
Site	I-KEY
S	I-KEY
,	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
to	O
adjust	O
and	O
extend	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
transmission	I-KEY
network	I-KEY
laid	O
through	O
the	O
above-mentioned	O
optical	O
fiber	O
network	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
exclusively	O
by	O
the	O
Bureau	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Sewerage	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
construction	O
work	O
is	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O

The	O
eyes	O
have	O
it	O
-LSB-	O
hotel	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
-RSB-	O
CCTV	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
can	O
help	O
lodging	O
establishments	O
accomplish	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
objectives	O
,	O
from	O
deterring	O
criminals	O
to	O
observing	O
staff	O
interactions	O
with	O
clientele	O
.	O
But	O
pitfalls	O
can	O
arise	O
if	O
the	O
CCTV	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
has	O
not	O
been	O
properly	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
overall	O
hotel	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
plan	O
.	O
CCTV	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
designs	O
at	O
new	O
hotel	O
properties	O
are	O
often	O
too	O
sophisticated	O
,	O
too	O
complicated	O
,	O
and	O
too	O
costly	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
take	O
into	O
consideration	O
the	O
security	O
realities	O
of	O
site	B-KEY
management	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
problems	O
arise	O
when	O
the	O
professionals	O
designing	O
or	O
installing	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
including	O
architects	O
,	O
construction	O
engineers	O
,	O
integrators	O
,	O
and	O
consultants	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
familiar	O
with	O
a	O
hotel	O
's	O
operating	B-KEY
strategies	I-KEY
or	O
security	O
standards	O

A	O
universal	O
decomposition	O
of	O
the	O
integration	O
range	O
for	O
exponential	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
The	O
problem	O
of	O
determining	O
the	O
independent	O
constants	O
for	O
decomposition	O
of	O
the	O
integration	O
range	O
of	O
exponential	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
was	O
solved	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
similar	O
approach	O
to	O
polynomials	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
constants	O
obtained	O
enable	O
one	O
to	O
decompose	O
the	O
integration	O
range	O
in	O
two	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
integrals	O
over	O
them	O
are	O
equal	O
independently	O
of	O
the	O
function	O
parameters	O
.	O
For	O
the	O
nontrigonometrical	B-KEY
polynomials	I-KEY
of	O
even	O
functions	O
,	O
an	O
alternative	O
approach	O
was	O
presented	O

Innovative	O
manufacture	B-KEY
of	O
impulse	B-KEY
turbine	I-KEY
blades	I-KEY
for	O
wave	B-KEY
energy	I-KEY
power	I-KEY
conversion	I-KEY
An	O
innovative	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
manufacture	B-KEY
of	O
impulse	B-KEY
turbine	I-KEY
blades	I-KEY
using	O
rapid	B-KEY
prototyping	I-KEY
,	O
fused	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
modelling	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
FDM	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O
These	O
blades	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
manufactured	B-KEY
by	O
the	O
Wave	O
Energy	O
Research	O
Team	O
-LRB-	O
WERT	O
-RRB-	O
at	O
the	O
University	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
Limerick	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
experimental	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
0.6	O
m	O
impulse	O
turbine	O
with	O
fixed	O
guide	O
vanes	O
for	O
wave	B-KEY
energy	I-KEY
power	I-KEY
conversion	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
computer	O
aided	O
design/manufacture	O
-LRB-	O
CAD/CAM	O
-RRB-	O
package	O
Pro-Engineer	O
2000i	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
three-dimensional	O
solid	O
modelling	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
blades	O
.	O
A	O
detailed	O
finite	B-KEY
element	I-KEY
analysis	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
blades	O
under	O
centrifugal	O
loads	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
Pro-Mechanica	O
.	O
based	O
on	O
this	O
analysis	O
and	O
FDM	O
machine	O
capabilities	O
,	O
blades	O
were	O
redesigned	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
Pro-E	O
data	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
an	O
FDM	O
machine	O
for	O
the	O
manufacture	B-KEY
of	O
turbine	O
blades	O
.	O
The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
innovative	O
method	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
,	O
modify	O
and	O
manufacture	B-KEY
blades	O
in	O
a	O
time	O
and	O
cost	O
effective	O
manner	O
using	O
a	O
concurrent	B-KEY
engineering	I-KEY
approach	O

Numerical	B-KEY
representation	I-KEY
of	O
binary	B-KEY
relations	I-KEY
with	O
a	O
multiplicative	O
error	B-KEY
function	O
This	O
paper	O
studies	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
binary	B-KEY
relation	I-KEY
via	O
a	O
numerical	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
with	O
threshold	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
error	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
depending	O
on	O
both	O
compared	O
alternatives	O
.	O
The	O
error	B-KEY
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
multiplicative	O
,	O
its	O
value	O
being	O
either	O
directly	O
or	O
inversely	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
numerical	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
.	O
For	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
proved	O
that	O
a	O
binary	B-KEY
relation	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
semiorder	B-KEY
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
any	O
semiorder	B-KEY
can	O
be	O
represented	O
in	O
this	O
form	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
second	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
corresponding	O
binary	B-KEY
relation	I-KEY
is	O
an	O
interval	B-KEY
order	I-KEY

Computational	O
capacity	O
of	O
an	O
odorant	B-KEY
discriminator	I-KEY
:	O
the	O
linear	B-KEY
separability	I-KEY
of	O
curves	O
We	O
introduce	O
and	O
study	O
an	O
artificial	B-KEY
neural	I-KEY
network	I-KEY
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
probabilistic	O
receptor	B-KEY
affinity	I-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
model	O
of	O
olfaction	B-KEY
.	O
Our	O
system	O
consists	O
of	O
N	O
sensory	B-KEY
neurons	I-KEY
whose	O
outputs	O
converge	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
processing	O
linear	B-KEY
threshold	I-KEY
element	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
system	O
's	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
model	O
discrimination	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
target	O
odorant	O
from	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
p	O
of	O
background	O
odorants	O
within	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
odorant	O
concentrations	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
possible	O
provided	O
p	O
does	O
not	O
exceed	O
a	O
critical	O
value	O
p/sub	O
c	O
/	O
and	O
calculate	O
the	O
critical	O
capacity	O
alpha	O
c	O
=p	O
/	O
sub	O
c	O
/	O
/	O
N	O
.	O
The	O
critical	O
capacity	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
concentrations	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
discrimination	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
accomplished	O
.	O
If	O
the	O
olfactory	O
bulb	O
may	O
be	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
such	O
processing	O
elements	O
,	O
each	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
discrimination	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
odorant	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
provides	O
a	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
computational	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
olfactory	O
bulb	O
.	O
The	O
mathematical	O
formulation	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
we	O
consider	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
determining	O
the	O
capacity	O
for	O
linear	B-KEY
separability	I-KEY
of	O
continuous	O
curves	O
,	O
embedded	O
in	O
a	O
large-dimensional	O
space	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
accomplished	O
here	O
by	O
a	O
numerical	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
method	O
that	O
signals	O
whether	O
the	O
discrimination	O
task	O
is	O
realizable	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
finite-size	O
scaling	O
analysis	O

Virtual	B-KEY
engineering	I-KEY
office	I-KEY
:	O
a	O
state-of-the-art	B-KEY
platform	O
for	O
engineering	O
collaboration	O
A	O
sales	O
force	O
in	O
Latin	O
America	O
,	O
the	O
design	O
department	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
and	O
production	O
in	O
Asia	O
?	O
Arrangements	O
of	O
this	O
kind	O
are	O
the	O
new	O
business	B-KEY
reality	O
for	O
today	O
's	O
global	B-KEY
manufacturing	I-KEY
companies	I-KEY
.	O
But	O
how	O
are	O
such	O
global	O
operations	O
to	O
be	O
effectively	O
coordinated	O
?	O
ABB	B-KEY
's	O
answer	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
implement	O
a	O
new	O
platform	O
for	O
high-performance	O
,	O
real-time	O
collaboration	O
.	O
Globally	B-KEY
distributed	I-KEY
engineering	I-KEY
teams	I-KEY
can	O
now	O
work	O
together	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
location	O
or	O
the	O
CAD	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
they	O
use	O
,	O
making	O
ABB	B-KEY
easier	O
to	O
do	O
business	B-KEY
with	O
,	O
for	O
customers	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
suppliers	O

Autofocus	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
for	O
microscope	O
A	O
technique	O
is	O
developed	O
for	O
microscope	B-KEY
autofocusing	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
eccentric	B-KEY
light	I-KEY
beam	I-KEY
approach	I-KEY
with	O
high	O
resolution	O
,	O
wide	O
focusing	O
range	O
,	O
and	O
compact	O
construction	O
.	O
The	O
principle	O
is	O
described	O
.	O
The	O
theoretical	O
formula	O
of	O
the	O
eccentric	B-KEY
light	I-KEY
beam	I-KEY
approach	I-KEY
deduced	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
an	O
object	B-KEY
lens	I-KEY
whose	O
objective	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
is	O
just	O
at	O
the	O
focal	O
plane	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
an	O
object	B-KEY
lens	I-KEY
whose	O
objective	B-KEY
plane	I-KEY
is	O
not	O
at	O
the	O
focal	O
plane	O
.	O
The	O
experimental	O
setup	O
uses	O
a	O
semiconductor	B-KEY
laser	I-KEY
device	O
as	O
the	O
light	O
source	O
.	O
The	O
laser	O
beam	O
that	O
enters	O
into	O
the	O
microscope	O
is	O
eccentric	O
with	O
the	O
main	B-KEY
light	I-KEY
axis	I-KEY
.	O
A	O
defocused	B-KEY
signal	I-KEY
is	O
acquired	O
by	O
a	O
symmetrical	B-KEY
silicon	I-KEY
photocell	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
the	O
reflected	B-KEY
light	I-KEY
position	I-KEY
caused	O
by	O
differential	B-KEY
amplification	I-KEY
and	O
processed	O
by	O
a	O
microprocessor	B-KEY
.	O
Then	O
the	O
electric	O
signal	O
is	O
power-amplified	O
and	O
drives	O
a	O
dc	B-KEY
motor	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
moves	O
a	O
fine	B-KEY
working	I-KEY
platform	I-KEY
to	O
an	O
automatic	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
microscope	O
.	O
The	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
experiments	O
shows	O
a	O
+	O
or-0	O
.1	O
-	O
mu	O
m	O
precision	O
of	O
autofocusing	O
for	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
+	O
or-500	O
-	O
mu	O
m	O
defocusing	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
has	O
high	B-KEY
reliability	I-KEY
and	O
can	O
meet	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
various	O
accurate	O
micro	B-KEY
measurement	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY

Social	B-KEY
percolation	I-KEY
and	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
mass	O
media	O
In	O
the	O
marketing	O
model	O
of	O
Solomon	O
and	O
Weisbuch	O
,	O
people	O
buy	O
a	O
product	O
only	O
if	O
their	O
neighbours	O
tell	O
them	O
of	O
its	O
quality	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
this	O
quality	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
their	O
own	O
quality	B-KEY
expectations	I-KEY
.	O
Now	O
we	O
introduce	O
additional	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
mass	O
media	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
ghost	B-KEY
field	I-KEY
in	O
percolation	O
theory	O
.	O
The	O
mass	O
media	O
shift	O
the	O
percolative	B-KEY
phase	I-KEY
transition	I-KEY
observed	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
,	O
and	O
decrease	O
the	O
time	O
after	O
which	O
the	O
stationary	B-KEY
state	I-KEY
is	O
reached	O

Collective	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
:	O
mass	B-KEY
communication	I-KEY
and	O
online	B-KEY
mobilization	I-KEY
This	O
article	O
examines	O
how	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
transforms	O
collective	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
.	O
Current	O
practices	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
bear	O
witness	O
to	O
thriving	O
collective	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
ranging	O
from	O
persuasive	O
to	O
confrontational	O
,	O
individual	O
to	O
collective	O
,	O
undertakings	O
.	O
Even	O
more	O
influential	O
than	O
direct	O
calls	O
for	O
action	O
is	O
the	O
indirect	O
mobilizing	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
's	O
powers	O
of	O
mass	B-KEY
communication	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
boosted	O
by	O
an	O
antiauthoritarian	B-KEY
ideology	I-KEY
on	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
Theoretically	O
,	O
collective	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
through	O
the	O
otherwise	O
socially	O
isolating	O
computer	O
is	O
possible	O
because	O
people	O
rely	O
on	O
internalized	O
group	B-KEY
memberships	I-KEY
and	O
social	B-KEY
identities	I-KEY
to	O
achieve	O
social	O
involvement	O
.	O
Empirical	O
evidence	O
from	O
an	O
online	B-KEY
survey	I-KEY
among	O
environmental	O
activists	O
and	O
nonactivists	O
confirms	O
that	O
online	O
action	O
is	O
considered	O
an	O
equivalent	O
alternative	O
to	O
offline	O
action	O
by	O
activists	O
and	O
nonactivists	O
alike	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY
may	O
slightly	O
alter	O
the	O
motives	O
underlying	O
collective	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
and	O
thereby	O
alter	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
collective	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
and	O
social	O
movements	O
.	O
Perhaps	O
more	O
fundamental	O
is	O
the	O
reverse	O
influence	O
that	O
successful	O
collective	B-KEY
action	I-KEY
will	O
have	O
on	O
the	O
nature	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-KEY

Inverse	B-KEY
problems	I-KEY
for	O
a	O
mathematical	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
ion	B-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
compressible	B-KEY
ion	I-KEY
exchanger	I-KEY
A	O
mathematical	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
of	O
ion	B-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
is	O
considered	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
ion	B-KEY
exchanger	I-KEY
compression	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
ion	O
exchange	O
.	O
Two	O
inverse	B-KEY
problems	I-KEY
are	O
investigated	O
for	O
this	O
model	O
,	O
unique	B-KEY
solvability	I-KEY
is	O
proved	O
,	O
and	O
numerical	B-KEY
solution	I-KEY
methods	I-KEY
are	O
proposed	O
.	O
The	O
efficiency	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
methods	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
a	O
numerical	O
experiment	O

Information	B-KEY
interaction	I-KEY
:	O
providing	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
information	O
architecture	O
Information	B-KEY
interaction	I-KEY
is	O
the	O
process	O
that	O
people	O
use	O
in	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
an	O
information	O
system	O
.	O
Information	O
architecture	O
is	O
a	O
blueprint	O
and	O
navigational	B-KEY
aid	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
information-rich	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
such	O
information	O
architecture	O
performs	O
an	O
important	O
supporting	O
role	O
in	O
information	B-KEY
interactivity	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
article	O
elaborates	O
on	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
interactivity	I-KEY
that	O
crosses	O
the	O
``	O
no-man	O
's	O
land	O
''	O
between	O
user	O
and	O
computer	O
articulating	O
a	O
model	O
that	O
includes	O
user	O
,	O
content	O
and	O
system	O
,	O
illustrating	O
the	O
context	O
for	O
information	O
architecture	O

The	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
mobile	B-KEY
manipulator	I-KEY
imaging	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
for	O
bridge	B-KEY
crack	I-KEY
inspection	I-KEY
A	O
mobile	B-KEY
manipulator	I-KEY
imaging	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
is	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
automation	B-KEY
of	O
bridge	B-KEY
crack	I-KEY
inspection	I-KEY
.	O
During	O
bridge	O
safety	O
inspections	O
,	O
an	O
eyesight	B-KEY
inspection	I-KEY
is	O
made	O
for	O
preliminary	O
evaluation	O
and	O
screening	O
before	O
a	O
more	O
precise	O
inspection	O
.	O
The	O
inspection	O
for	O
cracks	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
preliminary	O
evaluation	O
.	O
Currently	O
,	O
the	O
inspectors	O
must	O
stand	O
on	O
the	O
platform	O
of	O
a	O
bridge	O
inspection	O
vehicle	O
or	O
a	O
temporarily	O
erected	O
scaffolding	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
underside	O
of	O
a	O
bridge	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
procedure	O
is	O
risky	O
.	O
To	O
help	O
automate	B-KEY
the	O
bridge	B-KEY
crack	I-KEY
inspection	I-KEY
process	O
,	O
we	O
installed	O
two	O
CCD	B-KEY
cameras	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
four-axis	B-KEY
manipulator	I-KEY
system	O
on	O
a	O
mobile	O
vehicle	O
.	O
The	O
parallel	B-KEY
cameras	I-KEY
are	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
cracks	O
.	O
The	O
manipulator	O
system	O
is	O
equipped	O
with	O
binocular	O
charge	B-KEY
coupled	I-KEY
devices	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CCD	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
examining	O
structures	O
that	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
accessible	O
to	O
the	O
eye	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
also	O
reduces	O
the	O
danger	O
of	O
accidents	O
to	O
the	O
human	O
inspectors	O
.	O
The	O
manipulator	O
system	O
consists	O
of	O
four	O
arms	O
.	O
Balance	O
weights	O
are	O
placed	O
at	O
the	O
ends	O
of	O
arms	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
gravity	O
during	O
operation	O
.	O
Mechanically	O
,	O
arms	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
can	O
revolve	O
smoothly	O
.	O
Experiments	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
system	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
bridge	B-KEY
crack	I-KEY
inspections	I-KEY

Ideal	B-KEY
sliding	I-KEY
mode	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
convex	B-KEY
optimization	I-KEY
The	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
sliding	O
mode	O
that	O
appears	O
with	O
using	O
continuous	B-KEY
convex-programming	I-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
the	O
exact	B-KEY
penalty	I-KEY
functions	I-KEY
were	O
discussed	O
.	O
For	O
the	O
case	O
under	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
ideal	B-KEY
sliding	I-KEY
mode	I-KEY
was	O
shown	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
infinite	O
number	O
of	O
switchings	O

Gifts	O
to	O
a	O
science	B-KEY
academic	I-KEY
librarian	I-KEY
Gifts	O
,	O
by	O
their	O
altruistic	O
nature	O
,	O
perfectly	O
fit	O
into	O
the	O
environment	O
of	O
universities	O
and	O
academic	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
a	O
university	O
's	O
community	O
and	O
general	O
public	O
continue	O
to	O
donate	B-KEY
materials	O
,	O
libraries	O
accept	O
donations	B-KEY
willingly	O
,	O
both	O
in-kind	O
and	O
monetary	O
.	O
Eight	O
steps	O
of	O
gift	B-KEY
processing	I-KEY
are	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
.	O
Positive	O
and	O
negative	O
aspects	O
of	O
gift	O
acceptance	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O
Gifts	O
bring	O
value	O
for	O
academic	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
.	O
Gifts	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
additional	O
routes	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
library	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
without	O
direct	O
purchases	O
,	O
options	O
to	O
add	O
money	O
to	O
the	O
library	O
budget	B-KEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
cement	O
of	O
social	O
relationships	O
.	O
But	O
,	O
unfortunately	O
,	O
large	O
donations	B-KEY
are	O
time-consuming	O
,	O
labor-intensive	O
and	O
costly	O
to	O
process	O
.	O
Great	O
amounts	O
of	O
staff	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
and	O
processing	O
space	O
are	O
two	O
main	O
negative	O
aspects	O
that	O
cause	O
concern	O
and	O
put	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
gift	O
acceptance	O
under	O
consideration	O
by	O
librarians	O
.	O
Some	O
strategies	O
in	O
handling	O
gifts	O
are	O
recommended	O
.	O
To	O
be	O
effective	O
,	O
academic	O
science	O
librarians	O
need	O
to	O
approach	O
gifts	O
as	O
an	O
investment	O
.	O
Librarians	O
are	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
forced	O
by	O
moral	O
and	O
public	O
notions	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
professional	B-KEY
decisions	I-KEY
in	O
evaluating	O
proposed	O
collections	O

Supervisory	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
design	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
hybrid	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
and	O
fuzzy	O
events	O
detection	O
.	O
Application	O
to	O
an	O
oxichlorination	B-KEY
reactor	I-KEY
This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
supervisory	O
control	O
scheme	O
based	O
on	O
hybrid	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
theory	O
and	O
fuzzy	O
events	O
detection	O
.	O
The	O
fuzzy	O
event	O
detector	O
is	O
a	O
linguistic	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
synthesizes	O
complex	B-KEY
relations	I-KEY
between	O
process	B-KEY
variables	I-KEY
and	O
process	B-KEY
events	I-KEY
incorporating	O
experts	O
'	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
process	B-KEY
operation	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
kind	O
of	O
detection	O
allows	O
the	O
anticipation	O
of	O
appropriate	O
control	B-KEY
actions	I-KEY
,	O
which	O
depend	O
upon	O
the	O
selected	O
membership	B-KEY
functions	I-KEY
used	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
process	O
under	O
scrutiny	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
supervisory	O
control	O
scheme	O
was	O
successfully	O
implemented	O
for	O
an	O
oxichlorination	B-KEY
reactor	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
vinyl	B-KEY
monomer	I-KEY
plant	I-KEY

The	O
perils	O
of	O
privacy	O
The	O
recent	O
string	O
of	O
failures	O
among	O
dotcom	O
companies	O
has	O
heightened	O
fears	O
of	O
privacy	B-KEY
abuse	I-KEY
.	O
What	O
should	O
happen	O
to	O
the	O
names	O
and	O
addresses	O
on	O
a	O
customer	B-KEY
list	I-KEY
if	O
these	O
details	O
were	O
obtained	O
under	O
a	O
privacy	B-KEY
policy	I-KEY
which	O
specified	O
no	O
disclosure	B-KEY
to	O
any	O
third	O
party	O
?	O
Should	O
the	O
personal	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
list	O
be	O
deemed	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
asset	O
of	O
a	O
failing	O
company	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
any	O
future	O
-LRB-	O
third	O
party	O
-RRB-	O
purchaser	O
for	O
its	O
purposes	O
?	O
Or	O
should	O
the	O
privacy	B-KEY
policy	I-KEY
take	O
precedence	O
over	O
the	O
commercial	O
concerns	O
of	O
the	O
purchaser	O
?	O

A	O
simple	O
graphic	B-KEY
approach	I-KEY
for	O
observer	B-KEY
decomposition	I-KEY
Based	O
upon	O
the	O
proposition	O
that	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
inputs	O
and	O
outputs	O
in	O
a	O
physical	O
system	O
and	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
corresponding	O
output-injection	B-KEY
observer	I-KEY
do	O
not	O
really	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
consistent	O
,	O
a	O
systematic	O
procedure	O
is	O
developed	O
in	O
this	O
work	O
to	O
properly	O
divide	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
sparse	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
models	I-KEY
and	O
measurement	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
into	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
independent	B-KEY
subsets	I-KEY
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
a	O
visual	O
aid	O
.	O
Several	O
smaller	O
sub-observers	B-KEY
can	O
then	O
be	O
constructed	O
accordingly	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
original	O
one	O
.	O
The	O
size	O
of	O
each	O
sub-observer	B-KEY
may	O
be	O
further	O
reduced	O
by	O
strategically	O
selecting	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
appended	O
states	O
.	O
These	O
techniques	O
are	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
quite	O
effective	O
in	O
relieving	O
on-line	O
computation	O
load	O
of	O
the	O
output-injection	B-KEY
observers	I-KEY
and	O
also	O
in	O
identifying	O
detectable	O
sub-systems	O

Universal	O
dynamic	O
synchronous	O
self-stabilization	B-KEY
We	O
prove	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
``	O
universal	O
''	O
synchronous	O
self-stabilizing	B-KEY
protocol	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
a	O
protocol	O
that	O
allows	O
a	O
distributed	O
system	O
to	O
stabilize	O
to	O
a	O
desired	O
nonreactive	O
behaviour	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
a	O
protocol	O
stabilizing	O
to	O
that	O
behaviour	O
exists	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Previous	O
proposals	O
required	O
drastic	O
increases	O
in	O
asymmetry	O
and	O
knowledge	O
to	O
work	O
,	O
whereas	O
our	O
protocol	O
does	O
not	O
use	O
any	O
additional	O
knowledge	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
more	O
symmetry-breaking	O
conditions	O
than	O
available	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
stabilizing	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
dynamic	B-KEY
changes	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
topology	B-KEY
.	O
We	O
prove	O
an	O
optimal	B-KEY
quiescence	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
n	O
+	O
D	O
for	O
a	O
synchronous	O
network	O
of	O
n	O
processors	O
and	O
diameter	O
D	O
;	O
the	O
protocol	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
finite	O
state	O
with	O
a	O
negligible	O
loss	O
in	O
quiescence	O
time	O
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
an	O
optimal	O
D	O
+	O
1	O
protocol	O
is	O
given	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
unique	B-KEY
identifiers	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
an	O
effective	O
proof	B-KEY
technique	I-KEY
that	O
allows	O
one	O
to	O
show	O
whether	O
self-stabilization	B-KEY
to	O
a	O
certain	O
behaviour	O
is	O
possible	O
under	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
models	O

Conformal-mapping	O
design	O
tools	O
for	O
coaxial	B-KEY
couplers	I-KEY
with	O
complex	B-KEY
cross	I-KEY
section	I-KEY
Numerical	O
conformal	O
mapping	O
is	O
exploited	O
as	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
accurate	O
,	O
and	O
efficient	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
and	O
design	O
of	O
coaxial	B-KEY
waveguides	I-KEY
and	O
couplers	O
of	O
complex	B-KEY
cross	I-KEY
section	I-KEY
.	O
An	O
implementation	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Schwarz-Christoffel	B-KEY
Toolbox	I-KEY
,	O
a	O
public-domain	B-KEY
MATLAB	I-KEY
package	I-KEY
,	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
slotted	B-KEY
coaxial	I-KEY
cables	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
symmetrical	O
coaxial	B-KEY
couplers	I-KEY
,	O
with	O
circular	O
or	O
polygonal	B-KEY
inner	I-KEY
conductors	I-KEY
and	O
external	B-KEY
shields	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
metallic	B-KEY
diaphragms	I-KEY
of	O
arbitrary	O
thickness	O
,	O
partially	O
separating	O
the	O
inner	O
conductors	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
easily	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
technique	O
is	O
validated	O
against	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
finite-element	O
method	O
,	O
showing	O
excellent	O
agreement	O
at	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
computational	O
cost	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
extended	O
to	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
nonsymmetrical	B-KEY
couplers	I-KEY
,	O
providing	O
the	O
designer	O
with	O
important	O
additional	O
degrees	O
of	O
freedom	O

Nonlockability	B-KEY
in	O
multirings	B-KEY
and	O
hypercubes	B-KEY
at	O
serial	O
transmission	O
of	O
data	O
blocks	O
For	O
the	O
multiring	B-KEY
and	O
hypercube	B-KEY
,	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
conflictless	O
realization	O
of	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
permutation	O
of	O
``	O
large	O
''	O
data	O
items	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
many	O
``	O
smaller	O
''	O
data	O
blocks	O
was	O
considered	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
high	O
efficiency	O
was	O
demonstrated	O

Analyzing	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
a	O
firm	O
:	O
an	O
operations	B-KEY
research	I-KEY
approach	O
An	O
approach	O
to	O
analyzing	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
a	O
firm	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
understood	O
as	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
provide	O
goods	O
or	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
and	O
-RRB-	O
services	O
to	O
be	O
supplied	O
to	O
a	O
marketplace	O
under	O
restrictions	O
imposed	O
by	O
a	O
business	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
firm	O
functions	O
,	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O
The	O
approach	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
using	O
linear	B-KEY
inequalities	I-KEY
and	O
,	O
generally	O
,	O
mixed	O
variables	O
in	O
modelling	O
this	O
ability	O
for	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
industrial	O
,	O
transportation	O
,	O
agricultural	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
firms	O
and	O
allows	O
one	O
to	O
formulate	O
problems	O
of	O
analyzing	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
a	O
firm	O
as	O
linear	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
problems	O
or	B-KEY
mixed	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
problems	O
with	O
linear	O
constraints	O
.	O
This	O
approach	O
generalizes	O
a	O
previous	O
one	O
which	O
was	O
proposed	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
narrow	O
class	O
of	O
models	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
one	O
to	O
effectively	O
employ	O
a	O
widely	O
available	O
software	O
for	O
solving	O
practical	O
problems	O
of	O
the	O
considered	O
kind	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
firms	O
described	O
by	O
large	O
scale	O
models	O
of	O
mathematical	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY

Stock	O
market	O
dynamics	O
We	O
elucidate	O
on	O
several	O
empirical	B-KEY
statistical	I-KEY
observations	I-KEY
of	O
stock	B-KEY
market	I-KEY
returns	I-KEY
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
we	O
find	O
that	O
these	O
properties	O
are	O
recurrent	O
and	O
are	O
also	O
present	O
in	O
invariant	B-KEY
measures	I-KEY
of	O
low-dimensional	B-KEY
dynamical	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
returns	O
are	O
modeled	O
by	O
the	O
first	B-KEY
Poincare	I-KEY
return	I-KEY
time	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
low-dimensional	B-KEY
chaotic	I-KEY
trajectory	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
modeling	O
,	O
which	O
captures	O
the	O
recurrent	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
return	O
fluctuations	O
,	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
predict	O
well	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
observed	O
statistical	B-KEY
quantities	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
explains	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
which	O
stocks	O
present	O
simultaneously	O
dynamical	O
properties	O
and	O
high	O
uncertainties	O
.	O
In	O
our	O
analysis	O
,	O
we	O
use	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
S&P	O
500	O
index	O
and	O
the	O
Brazilian	B-KEY
stock	I-KEY
Telebras	O

High-voltage	O
transistor	O
scaling	O
circuit	O
techniques	O
for	O
high-density	O
negative-gate	O
channel-erasing	O
NOR	O
flash	O
memories	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
scale	O
high-voltage	O
transistors	O
for	O
high-density	O
negative-gate	O
channel-erasing	O
NOR	O
flash	O
memories	O
,	O
two	O
circuit	O
techniques	O
were	O
developed	O
.	O
A	O
proposed	O
level	B-KEY
shifter	I-KEY
with	O
low	O
operating	O
voltage	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
three	O
parts	O
,	O
a	O
latch	O
holding	O
the	O
negative	O
erasing	O
voltage	O
,	O
two	O
coupling	O
capacitors	O
connected	O
with	O
the	O
latched	O
nodes	O
in	O
the	O
latch	O
,	O
and	O
high-voltage	B-KEY
drivers	I-KEY
inverting	O
the	O
latch	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
maximum	O
internal	O
voltage	O
by	O
0.5	O
V	O
.	O
A	O
proposed	O
high-voltage	B-KEY
generator	I-KEY
adds	O
a	O
path-gate	B-KEY
logic	I-KEY
to	O
a	O
conventional	O
high-voltage	B-KEY
generator	I-KEY
to	O
realize	O
both	O
low	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
and	O
low	B-KEY
ripple	I-KEY
voltage	I-KEY
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
maximum	O
internal	O
voltage	O
by	O
0.5	O
V	O
.	O
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
these	O
circuit	O
techniques	O
along	O
with	O
high	B-KEY
coupling-ratio	I-KEY
cell	I-KEY
technology	I-KEY
can	O
scale	O
down	O
the	O
high-voltage	O
transistors	O
by	O
15	O
%	O
and	O
can	O
realize	O
higher	O
density	O
negative-gate	O
channel-erase	O
NOR	O
flash	O
memories	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
source-erase	O
NOR	O
flash	O
memories	O

One-step	B-KEY
digit-set-restricted	I-KEY
modified	I-KEY
signed-digit	I-KEY
adder	I-KEY
using	O
an	O
incoherent	B-KEY
correlator	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
a	O
shared	B-KEY
content-addressable	I-KEY
memory	I-KEY
An	O
efficient	O
one-step	O
digit-set-restricted	O
modified	O
signed-digit	O
-LRB-	O
MSD	O
-RRB-	O
adder	O
based	O
on	O
symbolic	B-KEY
substitution	I-KEY
is	O
presented	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
technique	O
,	O
carry	O
propagation	O
is	O
avoided	O
by	O
introducing	O
reference	B-KEY
digits	I-KEY
to	O
restrict	O
the	O
intermediate	B-KEY
carry	I-KEY
and	O
sum	B-KEY
digits	I-KEY
to	O
-LCB-	O
1,0	O
-RCB-	O
and	O
-LCB-	O
0,1	O
-RCB-	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
The	O
proposed	O
technique	O
requires	O
significantly	O
fewer	O
minterms	B-KEY
and	O
simplifies	O
system	B-KEY
complexity	I-KEY
compared	O
to	O
the	O
reported	O
one-step	O
MSD	O
addition	O
techniques	O
.	O
An	O
incoherent	B-KEY
correlator	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
an	O
optoelectronic	O
shared	B-KEY
content-addressable	I-KEY
memory	I-KEY
processor	O
is	O
suggested	O
to	O
perform	O
the	O
addition	O
operation	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
technique	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
set	O
of	O
minterms	B-KEY
needs	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
,	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
operand	B-KEY
length	I-KEY

A	O
method	O
for	O
correlations	O
analysis	O
of	O
coordinates	O
:	O
applications	O
for	O
molecular	B-KEY
conformations	I-KEY
We	O
describe	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
to	O
analyze	O
multiple	O
correlations	O
between	O
subsets	O
of	O
coordinates	O
that	O
represent	O
a	O
sample	O
.	O
The	O
correlation	O
is	O
established	O
only	O
between	O
specific	O
regions	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
interest	I-KEY
at	O
the	O
coordinates	O
.	O
First	O
,	O
the	O
region	O
-LRB-	O
s	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
interest	O
are	O
selected	O
at	O
each	O
molecular	B-KEY
coordinate	I-KEY
.	O
Next	O
,	O
a	O
correlation	B-KEY
matrix	I-KEY
is	O
constructed	O
for	O
the	O
selected	O
regions	O
.	O
The	O
matrix	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
further	O
analysis	O
,	O
illuminating	O
the	O
multidimensional	B-KEY
structural	I-KEY
characteristics	I-KEY
that	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
conformational	B-KEY
space	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
method	O
's	O
abilities	O
are	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
several	O
examples	O
:	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
conformational	B-KEY
space	I-KEY
of	O
complex	B-KEY
molecules	I-KEY
,	O
it	O
is	O
successfully	O
applied	O
to	O
compare	O
related	O
conformational	B-KEY
spaces	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
a	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
protein	B-KEY
folding	I-KEY
trajectories	I-KEY

Loudspeaker	B-KEY
voice-coil	I-KEY
inductance	I-KEY
losses	I-KEY
:	O
circuit	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
,	O
parameter	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
effect	O
on	O
frequency	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
When	O
the	O
series	B-KEY
resistance	I-KEY
is	O
separated	O
and	O
treated	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
element	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
losses	O
in	O
an	O
inductor	O
require	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
flux	O
to	O
MMF	O
in	O
the	O
core	O
to	O
be	O
frequency	O
dependent	O
.	O
For	O
small-signal	B-KEY
operation	I-KEY
,	O
this	O
dependence	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
circuit	B-KEY
model	I-KEY
composed	O
of	O
a	O
lossless	B-KEY
inductor	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
resistor	O
in	O
parallel	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
frequency	O
dependent	O
.	O
Mathematical	O
expressions	O
for	O
these	O
elements	O
are	O
derived	O
under	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
core	O
flux	O
to	O
MMF	O
varies	O
as	O
omega	O
/	O
sup	O
n-1	O
/	O
,	O
where	O
n	O
is	O
a	O
constant	O
.	O
A	O
linear	B-KEY
regression	I-KEY
technique	O
is	O
described	O
for	O
extracting	O
the	O
model	O
parameters	O
from	O
measured	O
data	O
.	O
Experimental	O
data	O
are	O
presented	O
to	O
justify	O
the	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
lossy	B-KEY
inductance	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
loudspeaker	O
voice-coil	O
.	O
A	O
SPICE	B-KEY
example	O
is	O
presented	O
to	O
illustrate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
voice-coil	O
inductor	O
losses	O
on	O
the	O
frequency	B-KEY
response	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
typical	O
driver	O

Electronic	O
signatures	O
-	O
much	O
ado	O
?	O
Whilst	O
the	O
market	O
may	O
be	O
having	O
a	O
crisis	O
of	O
confidence	O
regarding	O
the	O
prospects	O
for	O
e-commerce	B-KEY
,	O
the	O
EU	O
and	O
the	O
Government	O
continue	O
apace	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
legal	B-KEY
framework	I-KEY
.	O
Most	O
recently	O
,	O
this	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
Electronic	B-KEY
Signatures	I-KEY
Regulations	I-KEY
2002	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
Regulations	O
were	O
made	O
on	O
13	O
February	O
2002	O
and	O
came	O
into	O
force	O
on	O
8	O
March	O
2002	O
.	O
The	O
Regulations	O
implement	O
the	O
European	B-KEY
Electronic	I-KEY
Signatures	I-KEY
Directive	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
1999/93/EC	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Critics	O
may	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
Regulations	O
were	O
implemented	O
too	O
late	O
-LRB-	O
they	O
were	O
due	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
implemented	O
by	O
19	O
July	O
2001	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
with	O
too	O
short	O
a	O
consultation	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
25	O
January	O
2002	O
to	O
12	O
February	O
2002	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
with	O
an	O
unconvincing	O
case	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
they	O
add	O
to	O
English	O
law	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
to	O
which	O
,	O
read	O
on	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
author	O
explains	O
the	O
latest	O
development	O
on	O
e-signatures	O
and	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
Certification	O
Service	O
Providers	O
-LRB-	O
CSPs	O
-RRB-	O

Solution	O
of	O
the	O
safe	B-KEY
problem	I-KEY
on	O
-LRB-	O
0,1	O
-RRB-	O
-	O
matrices	O
A	O
safe	B-KEY
problem	I-KEY
with	O
mn	B-KEY
locks	I-KEY
is	O
studied	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
reduced	O
to	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
equations	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
modulo	B-KEY
2	I-KEY
residue	I-KEY
class	I-KEY
.	O
There	O
are	O
three	O
possible	O
variants	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
numbers	O
m	O
and	O
n	O
evenness	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
having	O
a	O
solution	O
.	O
In	O
two	O
other	O
cases	O
,	O
correction	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
safe	O
insuring	O
a	O
solution	O
is	O
proposed	O

Regularization	O
of	O
linear	O
regression	O
problems	O
The	O
study	O
considers	O
robust	B-KEY
estimation	I-KEY
of	O
linear	B-KEY
regression	I-KEY
parameters	I-KEY
by	O
the	O
regularization	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
pseudoinverse	B-KEY
method	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Bayesian	O
method	O
allowing	O
for	O
correlations	O
and	O
errors	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
Regularizing	O
algorithms	O
are	O
constructed	O
and	O
their	O
relationship	O
with	O
pseudoinversion	B-KEY
,	O
the	O
Bayesian	B-KEY
approach	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
BLUE	B-KEY
is	O
investigated	O

Electronic	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
for	O
real	O
estate	O
With	O
HM	B-KEY
Land	I-KEY
Registry	I-KEY
's	O
consultation	O
now	O
underway	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
denies	O
that	O
the	O
property	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
is	O
facing	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
unprecedented	O
change	O
.	O
PISCES	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
Property	B-KEY
Information	I-KEY
Systems	I-KEY
Common	I-KEY
Exchange	I-KEY
-RRB-	O
is	O
a	O
property-focused	O
electronic	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
exchange	I-KEY
standard	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
standard	B-KEY
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
definitions	O
and	O
rules	O
to	O
facilitate	O
electronic	O
transfer	O
of	O
data	O
between	O
key	O
business	O
areas	O
and	O
between	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
software	B-KEY
packages	I-KEY
that	O
are	O
used	O
regularly	O
by	O
the	O
property	B-KEY
industry	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
itself	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
software	O
but	O
an	O
enabling	O
technology	O
that	O
allows	O
software	O
providers	O
to	O
prepare	O
solutions	O
within	O
their	O
own	O
packages	O
to	O
transfer	O
data	O
between	O
databases	B-KEY
.	O
This	O
provides	O
the	O
attractive	O
prospect	O
of	O
seamless	B-KEY
transfer	I-KEY
of	O
data	O
within	O
and	O
between	O
systems	O
and	O
organisations	O

Nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
molecular	O
photography	O
A	O
procedure	O
is	O
described	O
for	O
storing	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
-LRB-	O
2D	O
-RRB-	O
pattern	O
consisting	O
of	O
32	O
*	O
32	O
=	O
1024	B-KEY
bits	I-KEY
in	O
a	O
spin	O
state	O
of	O
a	O
molecular	O
system	O
and	O
then	O
retrieving	O
the	O
stored	O
information	O
as	O
a	O
stack	O
of	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
spectra	O
.	O
The	O
system	O
used	O
is	O
a	O
nematic	B-KEY
liquid	I-KEY
crystal	I-KEY
,	O
the	O
protons	O
of	O
which	O
act	O
as	O
spin	B-KEY
clusters	I-KEY
with	O
strong	B-KEY
intramolecular	I-KEY
interactions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
technique	O
used	O
is	O
a	O
programmable	B-KEY
multifrequency	I-KEY
irradiation	I-KEY
with	O
low	B-KEY
amplitude	I-KEY
.	O
When	O
it	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
liquid	O
crystal	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
coherent	O
long-lived	O
/	O
sup	O
1/H	O
response	O
signals	O
can	O
be	O
excited	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
spectrum	O
showing	O
many	O
sharp	O
peaks	O
with	O
controllable	O
frequencies	O
and	O
amplitudes	O
.	O
The	O
spectral	B-KEY
resolution	I-KEY
is	O
enhanced	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
second	B-KEY
weak	I-KEY
pulse	I-KEY
with	O
a	O
90	O
degrees	O
phase	O
shift	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
1024	B-KEY
bits	I-KEY
of	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
retrieved	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
well-resolved	O
pseudo-2D	B-KEY
spectra	I-KEY
reproducing	O
the	O
input	O
pattern	O

Decisions	O
,	O
decisions	O
,	O
decisions	O
:	O
a	O
tale	O
of	O
special	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
small	B-KEY
academic	I-KEY
library	I-KEY
A	O
case	B-KEY
study	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
special	B-KEY
collections	I-KEY
department	O
in	O
a	O
small	B-KEY
academic	I-KEY
library	I-KEY
and	O
how	O
its	O
collections	O
have	O
been	O
acquired	O
and	O
developed	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
is	O
described	O
.	O
It	O
looks	O
at	O
the	O
changes	O
that	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
academic	O
environment	O
and	O
what	O
effect	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
these	O
changes	O
may	O
have	O
had	O
on	O
the	O
department	O
and	O
how	O
it	O
has	O
adapted	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
It	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
development	O
and	O
acquisitions	B-KEY
policies	I-KEY
and	O
procedures	O

Simple	O
minds	O
-LSB-	O
health	B-KEY
care	I-KEY
IT	O
-RSB-	O
A	O
few	O
things	O
done	O
properly	O
,	O
and	O
soon	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
short-term	O
strategy	B-KEY
for	O
the	O
UK	B-KEY
NHS	I-KEY
IT	I-KEY
programme	I-KEY
.	O
Can	O
it	O
deliver	O
this	O
time	O
?	O

Outlier	B-KEY
resistant	I-KEY
adaptive	I-KEY
matched	I-KEY
filtering	I-KEY
Robust	O
adaptive	O
matched	O
filtering	O
-LRB-	O
AMF	O
-RRB-	O
whereby	O
outlier	O
data	O
vectors	O
are	O
censored	O
from	O
the	O
covariance	B-KEY
matrix	I-KEY
estimate	I-KEY
is	O
considered	O
in	O
a	O
maximum	O
likelihood	O
estimation	O
-LRB-	O
MLE	O
-RRB-	O
setting	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
known	O
that	O
outlier	O
data	O
vectors	O
whose	O
steering	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
is	O
highly	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
desired	O
steering	B-KEY
vector	I-KEY
,	O
can	O
significantly	O
degrade	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
AMF	O
algorithms	O
such	O
as	O
sample	B-KEY
matrix	I-KEY
inversion	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
SMI	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
fast	B-KEY
maximum	I-KEY
likelihood	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
FML	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Four	O
new	O
algorithms	O
that	O
censor	O
outliers	O
are	O
presented	O
which	O
are	O
derived	O
via	O
approximation	O
to	O
the	O
MLE	O
solution	O
.	O
Two	O
algorithms	O
each	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
using	O
the	O
SMI	O
or	O
the	O
FML	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
unknown	O
underlying	O
covariance	O
matrix	O
.	O
Results	O
are	O
presented	O
using	O
computer	O
simulations	O
which	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
relative	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
algorithms	O
versus	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
also	O
versus	O
the	O
SMI	O
and	O
FML	O
algorithms	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
outliers	O
and	O
no	O
outliers	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
censoring	B-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
,	O
called	O
the	O
reiterative	O
censored	O
fast	B-KEY
maximum	I-KEY
likelihood	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
CFML	O
-RRB-	O
technique	O
is	O
significantly	O
superior	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
censoring	O
methods	O
in	O
stressful	O
outlier	O
scenarios	O

Stochastic	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
a	O
random	B-KEY
jump	I-KEY
in	O
phase	B-KEY
trajectory	I-KEY
:	O
stability	O
of	O
their	O
motions	O
The	O
probabilistic	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
perturbed	O
motion	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
with	O
parameters	O
under	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
a	O
general	B-KEY
Markov	I-KEY
process	I-KEY
is	O
studied	O
.	O
The	O
phase	O
vector	O
is	O
assumed	O
to	O
experience	O
random	B-KEY
jumps	I-KEY
when	O
the	O
structure	O
the	O
system	O
suffers	O
random	B-KEY
jumps	I-KEY
.	O
Such	O
a	O
situation	O
is	O
encountered	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
motion	O
of	O
a	O
solid	O
with	O
random	B-KEY
jumps	I-KEY
in	O
its	O
mass	O
.	O
The	O
mean-square	O
stability	O
of	O
random-structure	O
linear	O
systems	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O
of	O
nonlinear	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
approximation	O
are	O
studied	O
.	O
The	O
applied	O
approach	O
is	O
helpful	O
in	O
studying	O
the	O
asymptotic	B-KEY
probabilistic	I-KEY
stability	I-KEY
and	O
mean-square	B-KEY
exponential	I-KEY
stability	I-KEY
of	O
stochastic	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
through	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
respective	O
deterministic	O
systems	O

Affine	B-KEY
invariants	I-KEY
of	O
convex	B-KEY
polygons	I-KEY
In	O
this	O
correspondence	O
,	O
we	O
prove	O
that	O
the	O
affine	B-KEY
invariants	I-KEY
,	O
for	O
image	B-KEY
registration	I-KEY
and	O
object	B-KEY
recognition	I-KEY
,	O
proposed	O
recently	O
by	O
Yang	O
and	O
Cohen	O
-LRB-	O
see	O
ibid.	O
,	O
vol	O
.8	O
,	O
no.	O
7	O
,	O
p.934-46	O
,	O
July	O
1999	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
algebraically	O
dependent	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
how	O
to	O
select	O
an	O
independent	O
and	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
the	O
invariants	O
.	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
set	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
computing	O
complexity	O
without	O
decreasing	O
the	O
discrimination	O
power	O

Relevance	O
of	O
Web	O
documents	O
:	O
ghosts	B-KEY
consensus	I-KEY
method	I-KEY
The	O
dominant	O
method	O
currently	O
used	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
Internet	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
is	O
often	O
called	O
``	O
digital	B-KEY
democracy	I-KEY
.	O
''	O
Such	O
an	O
approach	O
implies	O
the	O
utilization	O
of	O
the	O
majority	B-KEY
opinion	I-KEY
of	O
Internet	O
users	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
most	O
relevant	O
documents	O
:	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
citation	B-KEY
index	I-KEY
usage	I-KEY
for	O
sorting	O
of	O
search	B-KEY
results	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
google.com	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
an	O
enrichment	O
of	O
a	O
query	O
with	O
terms	O
that	O
are	O
asked	O
frequently	O
in	O
relation	O
with	O
the	O
query	O
's	O
theme	O
.	O
``	O
Digital	B-KEY
democracy	I-KEY
''	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
instrument	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
an	O
unavoidable	O
shortcoming	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
principle	O
:	O
the	O
average	O
intellectual	O
and	O
cultural	O
level	O
of	O
Internet	O
users	O
is	O
very	O
low	O
;	O
everyone	O
knows	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
information	O
is	O
dominant	O
in	O
Internet	B-KEY
query	I-KEY
statistics	I-KEY
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
when	O
one	O
searches	O
the	O
Internet	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
``	O
digital	B-KEY
democracy	I-KEY
''	O
systems	O
,	O
one	O
gets	O
answers	O
that	O
reflect	O
an	O
underlying	O
assumption	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
mind	O
potential	O
is	O
very	O
low	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
his	O
cultural	O
interests	O
are	O
not	O
demanding	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
correct	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
term	O
``	O
digital	B-KEY
ochlocracy	I-KEY
''	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
Internet	B-KEY
search	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
with	O
``	O
digital	B-KEY
democracy	I-KEY
.	O
''	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
well-known	O
mathematical	O
mechanism	O
of	O
linear	B-KEY
programming	I-KEY
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
method	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
indicated	O
problem	O

Reaching	O
for	O
five	O
nines	O
:	O
ActiveWatch	O
and	O
SiteSeer	O
Every	O
Web	O
admin	O
's	O
dream	O
is	O
achieving	O
the	O
fabled	O
five	O
nines-99	O
.999	O
percent	O
uptime	O
.	O
To	O
attain	O
such	O
availability	O
,	O
your	O
Web	B-KEY
site	I-KEY
must	O
be	O
down	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
about	O
five	O
minutes	O
per	O
year	O
.	O
Technologies	O
like	O
RAID	O
,	O
clustering	O
,	O
and	O
load	O
balancing	O
make	O
this	O
easier	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
actually	O
track	O
uptime	O
,	O
maintain	O
auditable	B-KEY
records	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
discover	O
patterns	O
in	O
failures	O
to	O
prevent	O
downtime	B-KEY
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
you	O
'll	O
need	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
external	B-KEY
monitoring	I-KEY
.	O
Because	O
your	O
Internet	B-KEY
connection	I-KEY
is	O
a	O
key	O
factor	O
in	O
measuring	O
uptime	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
monitor	O
your	O
site	O
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
itself	O
,	O
beyond	O
your	O
firewall	O
.	O
You	O
could	O
monitor	O
with	O
custom	O
software	O
on	O
remote	O
hosts	O
,	O
or	O
you	O
could	O
use	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
reasonably	O
priced	O
services	O
available	O
:	O
Mercury	O
Interactive	O
's	O
ActiveWatch	O
and	O
Freshwater	O
Software	O
's	O
SiteSeer	O
.	O
-LRB-	O
Freshwater	O
Software	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Mercury	O
Interactive	O
for	O
about	O
a	O
year	O
now	O
.	O
-RRB-	O
The	O
two	O
services	O
offer	O
a	O
slightly	O
different	O
mix	O
of	O
features	O
and	O
target	O
different	O
markets	O
.	O
Both	O
services	O
offer	O
availability	O
and	O
performance	B-KEY
monitoring	I-KEY
from	O
several	O
remote	B-KEY
locations	I-KEY
,	O
alerts	O
to	O
email	O
or	O
pager	O
,	O
and	O
periodic	B-KEY
reports	I-KEY
.	O
They	O
differ	O
in	O
what	O
's	O
most	O
easily	O
monitored	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
services	O

Absorption	O
of	O
long	O
waves	O
by	O
nonresonant	O
parametric	O
microstructures	O
Using	O
simple	O
acoustical	O
and	O
mechanical	B-KEY
models	I-KEY
,	O
we	O
consider	O
the	O
conceptual	O
possibility	O
of	O
designing	O
an	O
active	O
absorbing	O
-LRB-	O
nonreflecting	O
-RRB-	O
coating	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
thin	B-KEY
layer	I-KEY
with	O
small-scale	B-KEY
stratification	I-KEY
and	O
fast	B-KEY
time	I-KEY
modulation	I-KEY
of	O
parameters	O
.	O
Algorithms	O
for	O
space-time	B-KEY
modulation	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
controlled-layer	B-KEY
structure	I-KEY
are	O
studied	O
in	O
detail	O
for	O
a	O
one-dimensional	B-KEY
boundary-value	I-KEY
problem	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
algorithms	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
wave-field	O
measurements	O
,	O
which	O
eliminates	O
the	O
self-excitation	O
problem	O
that	O
is	O
characteristic	O
of	O
active	O
systems	O
.	O
The	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
considered	O
algorithms	O
of	O
parametric	B-KEY
control	I-KEY
transform	O
the	O
low-frequency	B-KEY
incident	I-KEY
wave	I-KEY
to	O
high-frequency	B-KEY
waves	I-KEY
of	O
the	O
technological	O
band	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
waveguiding	B-KEY
medium	I-KEY
inside	O
the	O
layer	O
is	O
assumed	O
to	O
be	O
opaque	O
-LRB-	O
absorbing	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
The	O
efficient	O
use	O
conditions	O
are	O
found	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
algorithms	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
absorbing	B-KEY
layer	I-KEY
can	O
be	O
as	O
thin	O
as	O
desired	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
minimum	O
spatial	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
incident	O
wave	O
and	O
ensures	O
efficient	O
absorption	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
frequency	O
interval	O
-LRB-	O
starting	O
from	O
zero	O
frequency	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
is	O
bounded	O
from	O
above	O
only	O
by	O
a	O
finite	O
space-time	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
parameter-control	O
operations	O
.	O
The	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
three-dimensional	O
parametric	O
''	O
`	O
black	O
''	O
coating	O
whose	O
efficiency	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
angle	B-KEY
of	I-KEY
incidence	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
incoming	O
wave	O
is	O
developed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
studied	O
one-dimensional	B-KEY
problems	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
general	O
solution	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
diffraction	B-KEY
of	O
incident	O
waves	O
from	O
such	O
a	O
coating	O
is	O
obtained	O
.	O
This	O
solution	O
is	O
analyzed	O
in	O
detail	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
disk-shaped	B-KEY
element	I-KEY

Books	O
on	O
demand	O
:	O
just-in-time	O
acquisitions	O
The	O
Purdue	B-KEY
University	I-KEY
Libraries	I-KEY
Interlibrary	I-KEY
Loan	I-KEY
unit	I-KEY
proposed	O
a	O
pilot	O
project	O
to	O
purchase	O
patrons	O
'	O
loan	O
requests	O
from	O
Amazon	O
.	O
com	O
,	O
lend	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
patrons	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
add	O
the	O
titles	O
to	O
the	O
collection	O
.	O
Staff	O
analyzed	O
previous	O
monograph	B-KEY
loans	I-KEY
,	O
developed	O
ordering	B-KEY
criteria	I-KEY
,	O
implemented	O
the	O
proposal	O
as	O
a	O
pilot	O
project	O
for	O
six	O
months	O
,	O
and	O
evaluated	O
the	O
resulting	O
patron	B-KEY
comments	I-KEY
,	O
statistics	O
,	O
and	O
staff	B-KEY
perceptions	I-KEY
.	O
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
enthusiastic	O
patron	B-KEY
comments	I-KEY
and	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
statistics	O
,	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
extended	O

Internet-based	O
psychological	B-KEY
experimenting	O
:	O
five	O
dos	O
and	O
five	O
do	O
n'ts	O
Internet-based	O
psychological	B-KEY
experimenting	O
is	O
presented	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
that	O
needs	O
careful	O
consideration	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
issues-from	O
potential	O
data	O
corruption	O
to	O
revealing	O
confidential	O
information	O
about	O
participants	O
.	O
Ten	O
issues	O
are	O
grouped	O
into	O
five	O
areas	O
of	O
actions	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
when	O
developing	O
an	O
Internet	O
experiment	O
-LRB-	O
dos	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
five	O
errors	O
to	O
be	O
avoided	O
-LRB-	O
do	O
n'ts	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Dos	O
include	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
utilizing	O
dropout	B-KEY
as	O
a	O
dependent	O
variable	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
b	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
dropout	B-KEY
to	O
detect	O
motivational	B-KEY
confounding	I-KEY
,	O
-LRB-	O
c	O
-RRB-	O
placement	O
of	O
questions	O
for	O
personal	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
,	O
-LRB-	O
d	O
-RRB-	O
using	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
techniques	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
e	O
-RRB-	O
using	O
Internet-based	O
tools	O
.	O
Do	O
n'ts	O
are	O
about	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
unprotected	B-KEY
directories	I-KEY
,	O
-LRB-	O
b	O
-RRB-	O
public	O
access	O
to	O
confidential	O
data	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
c	O
-RRB-	O
revealing	O
the	O
experiment	O
's	O
structure	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
d	O
-RRB-	O
ignoring	O
the	O
Internet	O
's	O
technical	O
variance	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
e	O
-RRB-	O
improper	O
use	O
of	O
form	O
elements	O

Temelin	O
casts	O
its	O
shadow	O
-LSB-	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
-RSB-	O
Reservations	O
about	O
Temelin	B-KEY
nuclear	I-KEY
plant	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
Czech	B-KEY
Republic	I-KEY
are	O
political	O
rather	O
than	O
technical	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
discusses	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
turbogenerator	B-KEY
vibrations	I-KEY
and	O
how	O
they	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
.	O
The	O
paper	O
also	O
discusses	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
problems	O
of	O
commissioning	O
the	O
power	O
plant	O
.	O
The	O
simulator	O
used	O
for	O
training	O
new	O
staff	O
is	O
also	O
mentioned	O

Geotensity	O
:	O
combining	O
motion	O
and	O
lighting	O
for	O
3D	O
surface	O
reconstruction	O
This	O
paper	O
is	O
about	O
automatically	O
reconstructing	O
the	O
full	B-KEY
3D	I-KEY
surface	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
object	O
observed	O
in	O
motion	O
by	O
a	O
single	B-KEY
static	I-KEY
camera	I-KEY
.	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
two	O
paradigms	O
,	O
structure	O
from	O
motion	O
and	O
linear	B-KEY
intensity	I-KEY
subspaces	I-KEY
,	O
we	O
introduce	O
the	O
geotensity	B-KEY
constraint	I-KEY
that	O
governs	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
four	O
or	O
more	O
images	O
of	O
a	O
moving	O
object	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
in	O
theory	O
to	O
solve	O
for	O
3D	B-KEY
Lambertian	I-KEY
surface	I-KEY
structure	I-KEY
for	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
single	B-KEY
point	I-KEY
light	I-KEY
source	I-KEY
and	O
propose	O
that	O
a	O
solution	O
exists	O
for	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
number	O
point	O
light	O
sources	O
.	O
The	O
surface	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
textured	O
.	O
We	O
then	O
give	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
automatic	B-KEY
surface	I-KEY
reconstruction	I-KEY
of	O
a	O
face	O
under	O
a	O
point	B-KEY
light	I-KEY
source	I-KEY
using	O
arbitrary	O
unknown	O
object	O
motion	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
fixed	O
camera	O

Operational	B-KEY
phase-space	I-KEY
probability	I-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
in	O
quantum	B-KEY
communication	I-KEY
theory	I-KEY
Operational	B-KEY
phase-space	I-KEY
probability	I-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
are	O
useful	O
tools	O
for	O
describing	O
quantum	B-KEY
mechanical	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
including	O
quantum	O
communication	O
and	O
quantum	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
processing	I-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
quantum	O
communication	O
channels	O
with	O
Gaussian	B-KEY
noise	I-KEY
and	O
quantum	B-KEY
teleportation	I-KEY
of	O
continuous	B-KEY
variables	I-KEY
are	O
described	O
by	O
operational	B-KEY
phase-space	I-KEY
probability	I-KEY
distributions	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
relation	O
of	O
operational	B-KEY
phase-space	I-KEY
probability	I-KEY
distribution	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
extended	B-KEY
phase-space	I-KEY
formalism	I-KEY
proposed	O
by	O
Chountasis	O
and	O
Vourdas	O
-LRB-	O
1998	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
discussed	O

An	O
application	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
regression	I-KEY
to	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
in	O
Turkey	B-KEY
Fuzzy	O
set	O
theory	O
deals	O
with	O
the	O
vagueness	O
of	O
human	O
thought	O
.	O
A	O
major	O
contribution	O
of	O
fuzzy	O
set	O
theory	O
is	O
its	B-KEY
capability	O
of	O
representing	O
vague	O
knowledge	O
.	O
Fuzzy	O
set	O
theory	O
is	O
very	O
practical	O
when	O
sufficient	O
and	O
reliable	O
data	O
is	O
n't	O
available	O
.	O
Information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
IT	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
is	O
the	O
acquisition	O
,	O
processing	O
,	O
storage	O
and	O
dissemination	O
of	O
information	O
in	O
all	O
its	B-KEY
forms	O
-LRB-	O
auditory	O
,	O
pictorial	O
,	O
textual	O
and	O
numerical	O
-RRB-	O
through	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
computers	B-KEY
,	O
telecommunication	B-KEY
,	O
networks	O
and	O
electronic	B-KEY
devices	I-KEY
.	O
IT	B-KEY
includes	O
matters	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
furtherance	O
of	O
computer	B-KEY
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
design	O
,	O
development	O
,	O
installation	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
information	O
systems	O
and	O
applications	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
paper	O
,	O
assuming	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
n	O
independent	O
variables	O
and	O
the	O
regression	B-KEY
function	I-KEY
is	O
linear	O
,	O
the	O
possible	O
levels	O
of	O
information	B-KEY
technology	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
the	O
sale	O
levels	O
of	O
computer	B-KEY
equipment	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
Turkey	B-KEY
are	O
forecasted	O
by	O
using	O
fuzzy	B-KEY
linear	I-KEY
regression	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
independent	O
variables	O
assumed	O
are	O
the	O
import	O
level	O
and	O
the	O
export	O
level	O
of	O
computer	B-KEY
equipment	O

A	O
new	O
graphical	B-KEY
user	I-KEY
interface	I-KEY
for	O
fast	O
construction	O
of	O
computation	B-KEY
phantoms	I-KEY
and	O
MCNP	O
calculations	O
:	O
application	O
to	O
calibration	B-KEY
of	O
in	B-KEY
vivo	I-KEY
measurement	I-KEY
systems	O
Reports	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
utility	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
computational	B-KEY
phantoms	I-KEY
for	O
Monte	B-KEY
Carlo	I-KEY
calculations	I-KEY
and	O
data	O
analysis	O
for	O
in	B-KEY
vivo	I-KEY
measurements	I-KEY
of	O
radionuclides	B-KEY
deposited	O
in	O
tissues	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
individual	O
properties	O
of	O
each	O
worker	B-KEY
can	O
be	O
acquired	O
for	O
a	O
rather	O
precise	B-KEY
geometric	I-KEY
representation	I-KEY
of	O
his	O
-LRB-	O
her	O
-RRB-	O
anatomy	B-KEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
particularly	O
important	O
for	O
low	B-KEY
energy	I-KEY
gamma	I-KEY
ray	I-KEY
emitting	I-KEY
sources	I-KEY
such	O
as	O
thorium	O
,	O
uranium	O
,	O
plutonium	O
and	O
other	O
actinides	B-KEY
.	O
The	O
software	B-KEY
enables	O
automatic	B-KEY
creation	I-KEY
of	O
an	O
MCNP	B-KEY
input	I-KEY
data	I-KEY
file	I-KEY
based	O
on	O
scanning	B-KEY
data	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
utility	O
includes	O
segmentation	O
of	O
images	O
obtained	O
with	O
either	O
computed	B-KEY
tomography	I-KEY
or	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
by	O
distinguishing	O
tissues	B-KEY
according	O
to	O
their	O
signal	B-KEY
-LRB-	O
brightness	B-KEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
specification	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
detector	B-KEY
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
coupling	O
of	O
individual	B-KEY
voxels	I-KEY
within	O
the	O
tissue	B-KEY
is	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
memory	B-KEY
demand	I-KEY
and	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
calculational	B-KEY
speed	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
utility	O
was	O
tested	O
for	O
low	O
energy	O
emitters	O
in	O
plastic	B-KEY
and	O
biological	B-KEY
tissues	I-KEY
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
computed	O
tomography	O
and	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
scanning	O
information	O

Information	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
-	O
what	O
do	O
international	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
security	I-KEY
standards	I-KEY
say	O
?	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
information	O
security	O
controls	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
.	O
This	O
vital	O
direction-giving	O
document	O
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
not	O
always	O
easy	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
the	O
authors	O
thereof	O
battle	O
with	O
questions	O
such	O
as	O
what	O
constitutes	O
a	O
policy	O
.	O
This	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
policy	O
authors	O
turning	O
to	O
existing	O
sources	O
for	O
guidance	O
.	O
One	O
of	O
these	O
sources	O
is	O
the	O
various	O
international	B-KEY
information	I-KEY
security	I-KEY
standards	I-KEY
.	O
These	O
standards	O
are	O
a	O
good	O
starting	O
point	O
for	O
determining	O
what	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
should	O
consist	O
of	O
,	O
but	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
relied	O
upon	O
exclusively	O
for	O
guidance	O
.	O
Firstly	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
comprehensive	O
in	O
their	O
coverage	O
and	O
furthermore	O
,	O
tending	O
to	O
rather	O
address	O
the	O
processes	O
needed	O
for	O
successfully	O
implementing	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
.	O
It	O
is	O
far	O
more	O
important	O
the	O
information	B-KEY
security	I-KEY
policy	I-KEY
must	O
fit	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
organisation	O
's	O
culture	O
and	O
must	O
therefore	O
be	O
developed	O
with	O
this	O
in	O
mind	O

Academic	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
and	O
community	O
:	O
making	O
the	O
connection	O
I	O
explore	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
academic	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
serving	O
and	O
reaching	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
broader	O
community	O
.	O
I	O
highlight	O
interesting	O
projects	O
reported	O
on	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Through	O
Our	O
Parents	O
'	O
Eyes	O
project	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
report	O
on	O
others	O
.	O
I	O
look	O
at	O
challenges	O
to	O
community	B-KEY
partnerships	I-KEY
and	O
recommendations	O
for	O
making	O
them	O
succeed	O
.	O
Although	O
I	O
focus	O
on	O
links	O
with	O
the	O
broader	O
community	O
,	O
I	O
also	O
took	O
at	O
methods	O
for	O
increasing	O
cooperation	O
among	O
various	O
units	O
on	O
campus	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
campus	O
community	O
groups-such	O
as	O
distance	B-KEY
education	I-KEY
students	I-KEY
or	O
disabled	O
students-are	O
effectively	O
addressed	O
.	O
Though	O
academic	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY
are	O
my	O
focus	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
learn	O
a	O
lot	O
from	O
the	O
community	O
building	O
efforts	O
of	O
public	B-KEY
libraries	I-KEY

Symbiosis	O
or	O
alienation	O
:	O
advancing	O
the	O
university	B-KEY
press/research	I-KEY
library	I-KEY
relationship	I-KEY
through	O
electronic	B-KEY
scholarly	I-KEY
communication	I-KEY
University	O
presses	O
and	O
research	O
libraries	O
have	O
a	O
long	O
tradition	O
of	O
collaboration	O
.	O
The	O
rapidly	O
expanding	O
electronic	B-KEY
scholarly	I-KEY
communication	I-KEY
environment	O
offers	O
important	O
new	O
opportunities	O
for	O
cooperation	O
and	O
for	O
innovative	O
new	O
models	O
of	O
publishing	O
.	O
The	O
economics	B-KEY
of	O
libraries	O
and	O
scholarly	O
publishers	O
have	O
strained	O
the	O
working	O
relationship	O
and	O
promoted	O
debates	O
on	O
important	O
information	B-KEY
policy	I-KEY
issues	O
.	O
This	O
article	O
explores	O
the	O
context	O
for	O
advancing	O
the	O
partnership	O
,	O
cites	O
examples	O
of	O
joint	O
efforts	O
in	O
electronic	B-KEY
publishing	I-KEY
,	O
and	O
presents	O
an	O
action	O
plan	O
for	O
working	O
together	O

Fusion	O
of	O
qualitative	B-KEY
bond	I-KEY
graph	I-KEY
and	O
genetic	B-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
:	O
A	O
fault	B-KEY
diagnosis	I-KEY
application	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
fault	B-KEY
diagnosis	I-KEY
via	O
integration	O
of	O
genetic	B-KEY
algorithms	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
GA	O
's	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
qualitative	B-KEY
bond	I-KEY
graphs	I-KEY
-LRB-	O
QBG	O
's	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
addressed	O
.	O
We	O
suggest	O
that	O
GA	O
's	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
possible	O
fault	B-KEY
components	I-KEY
among	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
qualitative	B-KEY
equations	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
QBG	O
is	O
adopted	O
as	O
the	O
modeling	O
scheme	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
qualitative	B-KEY
equations	I-KEY
.	O
The	O
qualitative	B-KEY
bond	I-KEY
graph	I-KEY
provides	O
a	O
unified	O
approach	O
for	O
modeling	O
engineering	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
mechatronic	B-KEY
systems	I-KEY
.	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
tested	O
the	O
proposed	O
algorithm	O
on	O
an	O
in-house	O
designed	O
and	O
built	O
floating	B-KEY
disc	I-KEY
experimental	O
setup	O
.	O
Results	O
from	O
fault	B-KEY
diagnosis	I-KEY
in	O
the	O
floating	B-KEY
disc	I-KEY
system	O
are	O
presented	O
and	O
discussed	O
.	O
Additional	O
measurements	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
localize	O
the	O
fault	O
when	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
fault	O
candidate	O
is	O
inferred	O
.	O
Fault	B-KEY
diagnosis	I-KEY
is	O
activated	O
by	O
a	O
fault	O
detection	O
mechanism	O
when	O
a	O
discrepancy	O
between	O
measured	B-KEY
abnormal	I-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
and	O
predicted	B-KEY
system	I-KEY
behavior	I-KEY
is	O
observed	O
.	O
The	O
fault	O
detection	O
mechanism	O
is	O
not	O
presented	O
here	O