diff --git "a/test.txt" "b/test.txt"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/test.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,67800 @@
+Feedforward	B-KEY
+maximum	I-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+point	I-KEY
+tracking	I-KEY
+of	O
+PV	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+using	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+A	O
+feedforward	O
+maximum	O
+power	O
+-LRB-	O
+MP	O
+-RRB-	O
+point	O
+tracking	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+interleaved	O
+dual	O
+boost	O
+-LRB-	O
+IDB	O
+-RRB-	O
+converter	O
+fed	O
+photovoltaic	O
+-LRB-	O
+PV	O
+-RRB-	O
+system	O
+using	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+tracking	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+changes	O
+the	O
+duty	B-KEY
+ratio	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+converter	O
+such	O
+that	O
+the	O
+solar	O
+cell	O
+array	O
+-LRB-	O
+SCA	O
+-RRB-	O
+voltage	O
+equals	O
+the	O
+voltage	O
+corresponding	O
+to	O
+the	O
+MP	O
+point	O
+at	O
+that	O
+solar	B-KEY
+insolation	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+done	O
+by	O
+the	O
+feedforward	B-KEY
+loop	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+generates	O
+an	O
+error	B-KEY
+signal	I-KEY
+by	O
+comparing	O
+the	O
+instantaneous	B-KEY
+array	I-KEY
+voltage	I-KEY
+and	O
+reference	B-KEY
+voltage	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+reference	B-KEY
+voltage	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+feedforward	B-KEY
+loop	I-KEY
+,	O
+corresponding	O
+to	O
+the	O
+MP	O
+point	O
+,	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+by	O
+an	O
+off-line	B-KEY
+trained	I-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+.	O
+Experimental	O
+data	O
+is	O
+used	O
+for	O
+off-line	O
+training	O
+of	O
+the	O
+neural	O
+network	O
+,	O
+which	O
+employs	O
+back-propagation	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+feedforward	I-KEY
+peak	I-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+tracking	I-KEY
+effectiveness	I-KEY
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+through	O
+the	O
+simulation	O
+and	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+,	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+the	O
+conventional	O
+proportional	O
+plus	O
+integral	O
+-LRB-	O
+PI	O
+-RRB-	O
+controller	O
+based	O
+system	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+a	O
+comparative	O
+study	O
+of	O
+interleaved	O
+boost	O
+and	O
+conventional	O
+boost	O
+converter	O
+for	O
+the	O
+PV	O
+applications	O
+is	O
+given	O
+and	O
+their	O
+suitability	O
+is	O
+discussed	O
+
+Synchronizing	B-KEY
+experiments	I-KEY
+with	O
+linear	B-KEY
+interval	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+Concerns	O
+generalized	O
+control	B-KEY
+problems	O
+without	O
+exact	O
+information	O
+.	O
+<P>	O
+A	O
+method	O
+of	O
+constructing	O
+a	O
+minimal	O
+synchronizing	O
+sequence	O
+for	O
+a	O
+linear	B-KEY
+interval	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+over	O
+the	O
+field	O
+of	O
+real	B-KEY
+numbers	I-KEY
+is	O
+developed	O
+.	O
+This	O
+problem	O
+is	O
+reduced	O
+to	O
+a	O
+system	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+inequalities	I-KEY
+
+Convolution-based	B-KEY
+global	I-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+technique	O
+for	O
+millimeter-wave	B-KEY
+photodetector	I-KEY
+and	O
+photomixer	B-KEY
+circuits	O
+A	O
+fast	O
+convolution-based	B-KEY
+time-domain	I-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+to	O
+global	B-KEY
+photonic-circuit	I-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+that	O
+incorporates	O
+a	O
+physical	B-KEY
+device	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+complete	O
+detector	O
+or	O
+mixer	O
+circuit	O
+.	O
+The	O
+device	O
+used	O
+in	O
+the	O
+demonstration	O
+of	O
+this	O
+technique	O
+is	O
+a	O
+GaAs	B-KEY
+metal-semiconductor-metal	O
+-LRB-	O
+MSM	O
+-RRB-	O
+photodetector	O
+that	O
+offers	O
+a	O
+high	O
+response	O
+speed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+detection	O
+and	O
+generation	O
+of	O
+millimeter	O
+waves	O
+.	O
+Global	O
+simulation	O
+greatly	O
+increases	O
+the	O
+accuracy	O
+in	O
+evaluating	O
+the	O
+complete	O
+circuit	O
+performance	O
+because	O
+it	O
+accounts	O
+for	O
+the	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+the	O
+millimeter-wave	O
+embedding	O
+circuit	O
+.	O
+Device	O
+and	O
+circuit	O
+performance	O
+are	O
+assessed	O
+by	O
+calculating	O
+optical	B-KEY
+responsivity	I-KEY
+and	O
+bandwidth	B-KEY
+.	O
+Device-only	O
+simulations	O
+using	O
+GaAs	B-KEY
+MSMs	O
+are	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+global	O
+simulations	O
+that	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+strong	O
+interdependence	O
+between	O
+device	O
+and	O
+external	O
+circuit	O
+
+Managing	O
+system	O
+risk	O
+Companies	O
+are	O
+increasingly	O
+required	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+assurance	O
+that	O
+their	O
+systems	O
+are	O
+secure	O
+and	O
+conform	O
+to	O
+commercial	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+.	O
+Senior	O
+business	O
+managers	O
+are	O
+ultimately	O
+responsible	O
+for	O
+the	O
+security	O
+of	O
+their	O
+corporate	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+for	O
+the	O
+implications	O
+in	O
+the	O
+event	O
+of	O
+a	O
+failure	O
+.	O
+Businesses	O
+will	O
+be	O
+exposed	O
+to	O
+unquantified	O
+security	O
+risks	O
+unless	O
+they	O
+have	O
+a	O
+formal	O
+risk	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+framework	I-KEY
+in	O
+place	O
+to	O
+enable	O
+risks	O
+to	O
+be	O
+identified	O
+,	O
+evaluated	O
+and	O
+managed	O
+.	O
+Failure	O
+to	O
+assess	O
+and	O
+manage	O
+risks	O
+can	O
+lead	O
+to	O
+a	O
+business	O
+suffering	O
+serious	O
+financial	O
+impacts	O
+,	O
+commercial	O
+embarrassment	O
+and	O
+fines	O
+or	O
+sanctions	O
+from	O
+regulators	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+both	O
+a	O
+key	O
+responsibility	O
+and	O
+opportunity	O
+for	O
+Management	O
+Services	O
+Practitioners	O
+
+A	O
+120-mW	O
+3-D	O
+rendering	O
+engine	O
+with	O
+6-Mb	O
+embedded	O
+DRAM	O
+and	O
+3.2-GB	O
+/	O
+s	O
+runtime	O
+reconfigurable	B-KEY
+bus	I-KEY
+for	O
+PDA	O
+chip	O
+A	O
+low-power	O
+three-dimensional	O
+-LRB-	O
+3-D	O
+-RRB-	O
+rendering	O
+engine	O
+is	O
+implemented	O
+as	O
+part	O
+of	O
+a	O
+mobile	O
+personal	O
+digital	O
+assistant	O
+-LRB-	O
+PDA	O
+-RRB-	O
+chip	O
+.	O
+Six-megabit	O
+embedded	B-KEY
+DRAM	I-KEY
+macros	I-KEY
+attached	O
+to	O
+8-pixel-parallel	B-KEY
+rendering	I-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+are	O
+logically	O
+localized	O
+with	O
+a	O
+3.2-GB	O
+/	O
+s	O
+runtime	O
+reconfigurable	B-KEY
+bus	I-KEY
+,	O
+reducing	O
+the	O
+area	O
+by	O
+25	O
+%	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+conventional	O
+local	O
+frame-buffer	O
+architectures	O
+.	O
+The	O
+low	B-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+consumption	I-KEY
+is	O
+achieved	O
+by	O
+polygon-dependent	B-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+embedded	B-KEY
+DRAM	I-KEY
+macros	I-KEY
+with	O
+line-block	B-KEY
+mapping	I-KEY
+providing	O
+read-modify-write	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+transaction	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+3-D	O
+rendering	O
+engine	O
+with	O
+2.22-Mpolygons	O
+/	O
+s	O
+drawing	O
+speed	O
+was	O
+fabricated	O
+using	O
+0.18	O
+-	O
+mu	O
+m	O
+CMOS	B-KEY
+embedded	I-KEY
+memory	I-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+.	O
+Its	O
+area	O
+is	O
+24	O
+mm/sup	O
+2	O
+/	O
+and	O
+its	O
+power	O
+consumption	O
+is	O
+120	B-KEY
+mW	I-KEY
+
+Application	O
+of	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+series	I-KEY
+analysis	O
+techniques	O
+to	O
+high-frequency	B-KEY
+currency	I-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+work	O
+we	O
+have	O
+applied	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+series	I-KEY
+analysis	O
+to	O
+high-frequency	B-KEY
+currency	I-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+time	O
+series	O
+studied	O
+are	O
+the	O
+exchange	B-KEY
+rates	I-KEY
+between	O
+the	O
+US	B-KEY
+Dollar	I-KEY
+and	O
+18	O
+other	O
+foreign	B-KEY
+currencies	I-KEY
+from	O
+within	O
+and	O
+without	O
+the	O
+Euro	B-KEY
+zone	I-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+goal	O
+was	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+if	O
+their	O
+dynamical	O
+behaviours	O
+were	O
+in	O
+some	O
+way	O
+correlated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+nonexistence	O
+of	O
+stationarity	B-KEY
+called	O
+for	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+recurrence	B-KEY
+quantification	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+tool	O
+for	O
+this	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+and	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+definition	O
+of	O
+several	O
+parameters	O
+that	O
+allow	O
+for	O
+the	O
+quantification	O
+of	O
+recurrence	B-KEY
+plots	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+was	O
+checked	O
+using	O
+the	O
+European	B-KEY
+Monetary	I-KEY
+System	I-KEY
+currency	O
+exchanges	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+show	O
+,	O
+as	O
+expected	O
+,	O
+the	O
+high	O
+correlation	O
+between	O
+the	O
+currencies	O
+that	O
+are	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Euro	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+a	O
+strong	O
+correlation	O
+between	O
+the	O
+Japanese	B-KEY
+Yen	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+Canadian	B-KEY
+Dollar	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+British	B-KEY
+Pound	I-KEY
+.	O
+Singularities	O
+of	O
+the	O
+series	O
+are	O
+also	O
+demonstrated	O
+taking	O
+into	O
+account	O
+historical	B-KEY
+events	I-KEY
+,	O
+in	O
+1996	O
+,	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Euro	B-KEY
+zone	I-KEY
+
+Finally	O
+!	O
+some	O
+sensible	O
+European	O
+legislation	O
+on	O
+software	O
+The	O
+European	B-KEY
+Commission	I-KEY
+has	O
+formally	O
+tabled	O
+a	O
+draft	O
+Directive	B-KEY
+on	I-KEY
+the	I-KEY
+Protection	I-KEY
+by	I-KEY
+Patents	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Computer-Implemented	I-KEY
+Inventions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+aim	O
+of	O
+this	O
+very	O
+important	O
+Directive	O
+is	O
+to	O
+harmonise	O
+national	B-KEY
+patent	I-KEY
+laws	I-KEY
+relating	O
+to	O
+inventions	O
+using	O
+software	O
+.	O
+It	O
+follows	O
+an	O
+extensive	O
+consultation	O
+launched	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Commission	O
+in	O
+October	O
+2000	O
+.	O
+The	O
+impetus	O
+behind	O
+the	O
+Directive	O
+was	O
+the	O
+recognition	O
+at	O
+EU	B-KEY
+level	O
+of	O
+a	O
+total	O
+lack	O
+of	O
+unity	O
+between	O
+the	O
+European	B-KEY
+Patent	I-KEY
+Office	I-KEY
+and	O
+European	O
+national	B-KEY
+courts	I-KEY
+in	O
+deciding	O
+what	O
+was	O
+or	O
+was	O
+not	O
+deemed	O
+patentable	O
+when	O
+it	O
+came	O
+to	O
+the	O
+subject	O
+of	O
+computer	B-KEY
+programs	I-KEY
+
+Project-based	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+:	O
+teachers	B-KEY
+learning	O
+and	O
+using	O
+high-tech	O
+to	O
+preserve	O
+Cajun	B-KEY
+culture	I-KEY
+Using	O
+project-based	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+pedagogy	O
+in	O
+EdTc	O
+658	O
+Advances	O
+in	O
+Educational	O
+Technology	O
+,	O
+the	O
+author	O
+has	O
+trained	O
+inservice	O
+teachers	O
+in	O
+Southwestern	O
+Louisiana	O
+with	O
+an	O
+advanced	O
+computer	O
+multimedia	O
+program	O
+called	O
+Director	O
+-LRB-	O
+R	O
+-RRB-	O
+-LRB-	O
+Macromedia	O
+,	O
+Inc.	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+content	O
+of	O
+this	O
+course	O
+focused	O
+on	O
+modeling	O
+the	O
+project-based	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+pedagogy	O
+and	O
+researching	O
+Acadian	O
+'s	O
+traditions	O
+and	O
+legacy	O
+.	O
+With	O
+the	O
+multi-functions	O
+of	O
+microcomputers	O
+,	O
+new	B-KEY
+technologies	I-KEY
+were	O
+used	O
+to	O
+preserve	O
+and	O
+celebrate	O
+the	O
+local	B-KEY
+culture	I-KEY
+with	O
+superiority	O
+of	O
+text	O
+,	O
+graphics	O
+,	O
+animation	O
+,	O
+sound	O
+,	O
+and	O
+video	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+describes	O
+how	O
+several	O
+groups	O
+of	O
+school	B-KEY
+teachers	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+surrounding	O
+areas	O
+of	O
+a	O
+regional	O
+state	O
+university	O
+of	O
+Louisiana	O
+learned	O
+computer	O
+multimedia	O
+using	O
+project-based	O
+learning	O
+and	O
+integrated	O
+their	O
+learning	O
+into	O
+local	O
+cultural	O
+heritage	O
+
+A	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+modulation	I-KEY
+strategy	I-KEY
+for	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+AC/DC	I-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+A	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+strategy	I-KEY
+to	O
+improve	O
+transient	B-KEY
+stability	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+multi-machine	B-KEY
+AC	I-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+with	O
+several	O
+DC	B-KEY
+links	I-KEY
+terminated	O
+in	O
+the	O
+presence	O
+of	O
+large	O
+disturbances	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+proposed	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+differential	B-KEY
+geometric	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+HVDC	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+are	O
+taken	O
+as	O
+a	O
+variable	B-KEY
+admittance	I-KEY
+connected	O
+at	O
+the	O
+inverter	B-KEY
+or	O
+rectifier	B-KEY
+AC	I-KEY
+bus	I-KEY
+.	O
+After	O
+deriving	O
+the	O
+analytical	O
+description	O
+of	O
+the	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+variable	B-KEY
+admittance	I-KEY
+and	O
+active	B-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+flows	I-KEY
+of	O
+each	O
+generator	O
+,	O
+the	O
+traditional	O
+generator	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+can	O
+thus	O
+be	O
+expressed	O
+with	O
+the	O
+variable	B-KEY
+admittance	I-KEY
+of	O
+HVDC	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+as	O
+an	O
+additional	O
+state	O
+variable	O
+and	O
+changed	O
+to	O
+an	O
+affine	B-KEY
+form	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+suitable	O
+for	O
+global	B-KEY
+linearization	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+being	O
+used	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+its	O
+control	O
+variable	O
+.	O
+An	O
+important	O
+feature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+is	O
+that	O
+,	O
+the	O
+modulated	O
+DC	O
+power	O
+is	O
+an	O
+adaptive	O
+and	O
+non-linear	O
+function	O
+of	O
+AC	O
+system	O
+states	O
+,	O
+and	O
+it	O
+can	O
+be	O
+realized	O
+by	O
+local	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+and	O
+less	O
+transmitted	O
+data	O
+from	O
+,	O
+adjacent	B-KEY
+generators	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+design	O
+procedure	O
+is	O
+tested	O
+on	O
+a	O
+dual-infeed	B-KEY
+hybrid	I-KEY
+AC/DC	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+
+Two-step	B-KEY
+integral	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+for	O
+orthoscopic	O
+three-dimensional	O
+imaging	O
+with	O
+improved	O
+viewing	O
+resolution	O
+We	O
+present	O
+a	O
+two-step	B-KEY
+integral	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+system	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+3-D	O
+orthoscopic	O
+real	O
+images	O
+.	O
+By	O
+adopting	O
+a	O
+nonstationary	B-KEY
+micro-optics	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+,	O
+we	O
+demonstrate	O
+experimentally	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+usefulness	O
+of	O
+two-step	B-KEY
+integral	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+
+Mathematical	B-KEY
+fundamentals	I-KEY
+of	O
+constructing	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+Bayesian	I-KEY
+inference	I-KEY
+techniques	I-KEY
+Problems	O
+and	O
+an	O
+associated	O
+technique	O
+for	O
+developing	O
+a	O
+Bayesian	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+decision-making	O
+in	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	O
+data	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	O
+and	O
+pseudofuzzy	B-KEY
+quantities	I-KEY
+is	O
+introduced	O
+and	O
+main	O
+operations	O
+with	O
+pseudofuzzy	B-KEY
+quantities	I-KEY
+are	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+The	O
+basic	O
+relationships	O
+and	O
+the	O
+principal	O
+concepts	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Bayesian	O
+decision	O
+procedure	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+modus-ponens	B-KEY
+rule	I-KEY
+are	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+Some	O
+problems	O
+concerned	O
+with	O
+the	O
+practical	O
+realization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+fuzzy	O
+Bayesian	O
+method	O
+are	O
+considered	O
+
+Novel	O
+active	B-KEY
+noise-reducing	I-KEY
+headset	I-KEY
+using	O
+earshell	B-KEY
+vibration	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+Active	O
+noise-reducing	O
+-LRB-	O
+ANR	O
+-RRB-	O
+headsets	O
+are	O
+available	O
+commercially	O
+in	O
+applications	O
+varying	O
+from	O
+aviation	B-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+to	O
+consumer	B-KEY
+audio	I-KEY
+.	O
+Current	O
+ANR	O
+systems	O
+use	O
+passive	B-KEY
+attenuation	I-KEY
+at	O
+high	O
+frequencies	O
+and	O
+loudspeaker-based	O
+active	O
+noise	O
+control	O
+at	O
+low	O
+frequencies	O
+to	O
+achieve	O
+broadband	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+reduction	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+ANR	O
+headset	O
+in	O
+which	O
+the	O
+external	O
+noise	O
+transmitted	O
+to	O
+the	O
+user	O
+'s	O
+ear	O
+via	O
+earshell	O
+vibration	O
+is	O
+reduced	O
+by	O
+controlling	O
+the	O
+vibration	O
+of	O
+the	O
+earshell	O
+using	O
+force	B-KEY
+actuators	I-KEY
+acting	O
+against	O
+an	O
+inertial	B-KEY
+mass	I-KEY
+or	O
+the	O
+earshell	O
+headband	O
+.	O
+Model-based	O
+theoretical	O
+analysis	O
+using	O
+velocity	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+showed	O
+that	O
+current	O
+piezoelectric	B-KEY
+actuators	I-KEY
+provide	O
+sufficient	O
+force	O
+but	O
+require	O
+lower	O
+stiffness	B-KEY
+for	O
+improved	O
+low-frequency	O
+performance	O
+.	O
+Control	O
+simulations	O
+based	O
+on	O
+experimental	O
+data	O
+from	O
+a	O
+laboratory	O
+headset	O
+showed	O
+that	O
+good	O
+performance	O
+can	O
+potentially	O
+be	O
+achieved	O
+in	O
+practice	O
+by	O
+a	O
+robust	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+,	O
+while	O
+a	O
+single-frequency	B-KEY
+real-time	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+experiment	O
+verified	O
+that	O
+noise	O
+reduction	O
+can	O
+be	O
+achieved	O
+using	O
+earshell	B-KEY
+vibration	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+
+Down	O
+up	O
+-LSB-	O
+IT	O
+projects	O
+-RSB-	O
+Despite	O
+the	O
+second	O
+quarter	O
+'s	O
+gloomy	O
+GDP	O
+report	O
+,	O
+savvy	O
+CIOs	O
+are	O
+forging	O
+ahead	O
+with	O
+big	O
+IT	O
+projects	O
+that	O
+will	O
+position	O
+their	O
+companies	O
+to	O
+succeed	O
+when	O
+the	O
+economy	O
+soars	O
+again	O
+
+Evicting	O
+orang	O
+utans	O
+from	O
+the	O
+office	O
+-LSB-	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+storage	I-KEY
+of	O
+legal	B-KEY
+files	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+Having	O
+espoused	O
+the	O
+principle	O
+of	O
+the	O
+paperless	B-KEY
+office	I-KEY
+some	O
+time	O
+ago	O
+,	O
+we	O
+decided	O
+to	O
+apply	O
+it	O
+to	O
+our	O
+stored	O
+files	O
+.	O
+First	O
+we	O
+consulted	O
+the	O
+Law	B-KEY
+Society	I-KEY
+rules	I-KEY
+governing	O
+storage	O
+of	O
+files	O
+on	O
+electronic	O
+media	O
+.	O
+The	O
+next	O
+step	O
+was	O
+for	O
+us	O
+to	O
+draw	O
+up	O
+a	O
+protocol	O
+for	O
+scanning	O
+the	O
+files	O
+.	O
+The	O
+benefits	O
+of	O
+the	O
+exercise	O
+have	O
+been	O
+significant	O
+.	O
+The	O
+area	O
+previously	O
+used	O
+for	O
+storage	O
+has	O
+been	O
+freed	O
+for	O
+other	O
+use	O
+.	O
+Files	O
+are	O
+now	O
+available	O
+online	O
+,	O
+instantaneously	O
+.	O
+When	O
+we	O
+have	O
+needed	O
+to	O
+send	O
+out	O
+files	O
+to	O
+the	O
+client	O
+or	O
+following	O
+a	O
+change	O
+of	O
+solicitor	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+been	O
+able	O
+to	O
+do	O
+so	O
+almost	O
+immediately	O
+,	O
+by	O
+E-mail	O
+,	O
+retaining	O
+a	O
+copy	O
+for	O
+our	O
+future	O
+reference	O
+.	O
+The	O
+files	O
+are	O
+protected	O
+from	O
+loss	O
+or	O
+deterioration	O
+,	O
+back-up	O
+copies	O
+having	O
+been	O
+taken	O
+which	O
+are	O
+stored	O
+off	O
+site	O
+.	O
+The	O
+complete	O
+stored	O
+file	B-KEY
+archive	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+put	O
+in	O
+your	O
+pocket	O
+-LRB-	O
+in	O
+CD-ROM	B-KEY
+format	O
+-RRB-	O
+or	O
+on	O
+a	O
+laptop	O
+,	O
+facilitating	O
+remote	O
+working	O
+
+A	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+time-optimal	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+Sufficient	O
+conditions	O
+for	O
+the	O
+existence	O
+of	O
+an	O
+optimal	O
+control	O
+in	O
+a	O
+time-optimal	O
+control	O
+problem	O
+with	O
+fixed	O
+ends	O
+for	O
+a	O
+smooth	B-KEY
+nonlinear	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+are	O
+formulated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+this	O
+system	O
+for	O
+characterizing	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+are	O
+studied	O
+
+Quantitative	B-KEY
+speed	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+for	O
+SRM	B-KEY
+drive	I-KEY
+using	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+adapted	I-KEY
+inverse	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+Quantitative	O
+and	O
+robust	O
+speed	O
+control	O
+for	O
+a	O
+switched	B-KEY
+reluctance	I-KEY
+motor	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SRM	O
+-RRB-	O
+drive	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+to	O
+be	O
+rather	O
+difficult	O
+and	O
+challenging	O
+owing	O
+to	O
+its	O
+highly	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+speed	O
+control	O
+scheme	O
+having	O
+two-degree-of-freedom	O
+-LRB-	O
+2DOF	O
+-RRB-	O
+structure	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+here	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+speed	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+SRM	B-KEY
+drive	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+control	O
+scheme	O
+,	O
+the	O
+feedback	O
+controller	O
+is	O
+quantitatively	O
+designed	O
+to	O
+meet	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+regulation	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+requirements	I-KEY
+first	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+a	O
+reference	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+command	B-KEY
+feedforward	I-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+an	O
+inverse	B-KEY
+plant	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+are	O
+employed	O
+to	O
+yield	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+tracking	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+at	O
+nominal	O
+case	O
+.	O
+As	O
+the	O
+variations	O
+of	O
+system	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+and	O
+operating	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+occur	O
+,	O
+the	O
+prescribed	O
+control	B-KEY
+specifications	I-KEY
+may	O
+not	O
+be	O
+satisfied	O
+any	O
+more	O
+.	O
+To	O
+improve	O
+this	O
+,	O
+the	O
+inverse	O
+model	O
+is	O
+adaptively	O
+tuned	O
+by	O
+a	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+so	O
+that	O
+the	O
+model-following	B-KEY
+tracking	I-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+is	O
+significantly	O
+reduced	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+disturbance	O
+cancellation	O
+robust	O
+controller	O
+is	O
+added	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+tracking	O
+and	O
+regulation	O
+control	O
+performances	O
+further	O
+
+On	O
+emotion	B-KEY
+and	O
+bounded	B-KEY
+rationality	I-KEY
+:	O
+reply	O
+to	O
+Hanoch	O
+The	O
+author	O
+refers	O
+to	O
+the	O
+comment	O
+made	O
+by	O
+Hanoch	O
+-LRB-	O
+see	O
+ibid	O
+.	O
+vol	O
+.49	O
+-LRB-	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RRB-	O
+on	O
+his	O
+model	O
+of	O
+bounded	B-KEY
+rationality	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Yerkes-Dodson	B-KEY
+law	I-KEY
+and	O
+emotional	B-KEY
+arousal	O
+in	O
+it	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+points	O
+out	O
+that	O
+Hanoch	O
+'s	O
+comment	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+conspicuously	O
+fails	O
+to	O
+challenge	O
+-	O
+much	O
+less	O
+contradict	O
+-	O
+the	O
+central	O
+hypothesis	O
+of	O
+his	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+several	O
+of	O
+Hanoch	O
+'s	O
+criticisms	O
+are	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+wrong	O
+characterization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+positions	O
+
+eMarketing	O
+:	O
+restaurant	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+that	O
+click	O
+A	O
+number	O
+of	O
+global	O
+companies	O
+have	O
+adopted	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+commerce	I-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+means	O
+of	O
+reducing	O
+transaction	O
+related	O
+expenditures	O
+,	O
+connecting	O
+with	O
+current	O
+and	O
+potential	O
+customers	O
+,	O
+and	O
+enhancing	O
+revenues	B-KEY
+and	O
+profitability	B-KEY
+.	O
+If	O
+a	O
+restaurant	O
+is	O
+to	O
+have	O
+an	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+presence	I-KEY
+,	O
+what	O
+aspects	O
+of	O
+the	O
+business	O
+should	O
+be	O
+highlighted	O
+?	O
+Food	B-KEY
+service	I-KEY
+companies	I-KEY
+that	O
+have	O
+successfully	O
+ventured	O
+onto	O
+the	O
+web	O
+have	O
+employed	O
+assorted	O
+web-based	O
+technologies	O
+to	O
+create	O
+a	O
+powerful	O
+marketing	O
+tool	O
+of	O
+unparalleled	O
+strength	O
+.	O
+Historically	O
+,	O
+it	O
+has	O
+been	O
+difficult	O
+to	O
+create	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+criteria	O
+against	O
+which	O
+to	O
+evaluate	O
+website	O
+effectiveness	O
+.	O
+As	O
+practitioners	O
+consider	O
+additional	O
+resources	O
+for	O
+website	O
+development	O
+,	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+e-marketing	B-KEY
+investment	O
+becomes	O
+increasingly	O
+important	O
+.	O
+Care	O
+must	O
+be	O
+exercised	O
+to	O
+ensure	O
+that	O
+the	O
+quality	O
+of	O
+the	O
+site	O
+adheres	O
+to	O
+high	O
+standards	O
+and	O
+incorporates	O
+evolving	O
+technology	O
+,	O
+as	O
+appropriate	O
+.	O
+Developing	O
+a	O
+coherent	O
+website	O
+strategy	O
+,	O
+including	O
+an	O
+effective	O
+website	O
+design	O
+,	O
+are	O
+proving	O
+critical	O
+to	O
+an	O
+effective	O
+web	O
+presence	O
+
+Central	O
+hub	O
+for	O
+design	O
+assets	O
+:	O
+Adobe	B-KEY
+GoLive	I-KEY
+6.0	I-KEY
+Adobe	O
+GoLive	O
+is	O
+a	O
+strong	O
+contender	O
+for	O
+Web	B-KEY
+authoring	I-KEY
+and	O
+publishing	O
+.	O
+Version	O
+6.0	O
+features	O
+a	O
+flexible	O
+GUI	B-KEY
+environment	O
+combined	O
+with	O
+a	O
+comprehensive	O
+workgroup	O
+and	O
+collaboration	B-KEY
+server	I-KEY
+,	O
+plus	O
+tight	O
+integration	O
+with	O
+leading	O
+design	O
+tools	O
+
+Design	O
+and	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+3-D	O
+mapping	O
+system	O
+for	O
+highly	B-KEY
+irregular	I-KEY
+shaped	I-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+with	O
+application	O
+to	O
+semiconductor	O
+manufacturing	O
+The	O
+basic	O
+technology	O
+for	O
+a	O
+robotic	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+is	O
+developed	O
+to	O
+automate	O
+the	O
+packing	O
+of	O
+polycrystalline	B-KEY
+silicon	I-KEY
+nuggets	I-KEY
+into	O
+fragile	B-KEY
+fused	I-KEY
+silica	I-KEY
+crucible	I-KEY
+in	O
+Czochralski	O
+-LRB-	O
+melt	O
+pulling	O
+-RRB-	O
+semiconductor	O
+wafer	O
+production	O
+.	O
+The	O
+highly	O
+irregular	O
+shapes	O
+of	O
+the	O
+nuggets	O
+and	O
+the	O
+packing	O
+constraints	O
+make	O
+this	O
+a	O
+difficult	O
+and	O
+challenging	O
+task	O
+.	O
+It	O
+requires	O
+the	O
+delicate	O
+manipulation	O
+and	O
+packing	O
+of	O
+highly	O
+irregular	O
+polycrystalline	B-KEY
+silicon	I-KEY
+nuggets	I-KEY
+into	O
+a	O
+fragile	O
+fused	O
+silica	O
+crucible	O
+.	O
+For	O
+this	O
+application	O
+,	O
+a	O
+dual	O
+optical	O
+3-D	O
+surface	O
+mapping	O
+system	O
+that	O
+uses	O
+active	B-KEY
+laser	I-KEY
+triangulation	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+and	O
+successfully	O
+tested	O
+.	O
+One	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+measures	O
+the	O
+geometry	O
+profile	O
+of	O
+a	O
+nugget	O
+being	O
+packed	O
+and	O
+the	O
+other	O
+the	O
+profile	O
+of	O
+the	O
+nuggets	O
+already	O
+in	O
+the	O
+crucible	O
+.	O
+A	O
+resolution	O
+of	O
+1	O
+mm	O
+with	O
+15-KHz	O
+sampling	B-KEY
+frequency	I-KEY
+is	O
+achieved	O
+.	O
+Data	O
+from	O
+the	O
+system	O
+are	O
+used	O
+by	O
+the	O
+packing	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+determines	O
+optimal	O
+nugget	O
+placement	O
+.	O
+The	O
+key	O
+contribution	O
+is	O
+to	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+design	O
+and	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+an	O
+efficient	O
+and	O
+robust	B-KEY
+3-D	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+to	O
+map	O
+highly	B-KEY
+irregular	I-KEY
+shaped	I-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+using	O
+conventional	O
+components	O
+in	O
+context	O
+of	O
+real	O
+commercial	O
+manufacturing	O
+processes	O
+
+Information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+in	O
+JASIST	O
+:	O
+just	O
+where	O
+did	O
+we	O
+come	O
+from	O
+?	O
+The	O
+emergence	O
+of	O
+Information	B-KEY
+Architecture	I-KEY
+within	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+world	O
+has	O
+been	O
+simultaneously	O
+drawn	O
+out	O
+yet	O
+rapid	O
+.	O
+Those	O
+with	O
+an	O
+eye	O
+on	O
+history	O
+are	O
+quick	O
+to	O
+point	O
+to	O
+Wurman	O
+'s	O
+1976	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+term	O
+``	O
+architecture	O
+of	O
+information	O
+,	O
+''	O
+but	O
+it	O
+has	O
+only	O
+been	O
+in	O
+the	O
+last	O
+2	O
+years	O
+that	O
+IA	O
+has	O
+become	O
+the	O
+source	O
+of	O
+sufficient	O
+interest	O
+for	O
+people	O
+to	O
+label	O
+themselves	O
+professionally	O
+as	O
+Information	O
+Architects	O
+.	O
+The	O
+impetus	O
+for	O
+this	O
+recent	O
+emergence	O
+of	O
+IA	O
+can	O
+be	O
+traced	O
+to	O
+a	O
+historical	O
+summit	O
+,	O
+supported	O
+by	O
+ASIS&T	O
+in	O
+May	O
+2000	O
+at	O
+Boston	O
+.	O
+It	O
+was	O
+here	O
+that	O
+several	O
+hundred	O
+of	O
+us	O
+gathered	O
+to	O
+thrash	O
+out	O
+the	O
+questions	O
+of	O
+just	O
+what	O
+IA	O
+was	O
+and	O
+what	O
+this	O
+new	O
+field	O
+might	O
+become	O
+.	O
+At	O
+the	O
+time	O
+of	O
+the	O
+summit	O
+,	O
+invited	O
+to	O
+present	O
+a	O
+short	O
+talk	O
+on	O
+my	O
+return	O
+journey	O
+from	O
+the	O
+annual	O
+ACM	O
+SIGCHI	O
+conference	O
+,	O
+I	O
+entered	O
+the	O
+summit	O
+expecting	O
+little	O
+and	O
+convinced	O
+that	O
+IA	O
+was	O
+nothing	O
+new	O
+.	O
+I	O
+left	O
+2	O
+days	O
+later	O
+refreshed	O
+,	O
+not	O
+just	O
+by	O
+the	O
+enthusiasm	O
+of	O
+the	O
+attendees	O
+for	O
+this	O
+term	O
+but	O
+by	O
+IA	O
+'s	O
+potential	O
+to	O
+unify	O
+the	O
+disparate	O
+perspectives	O
+and	O
+orientations	O
+of	O
+professionals	O
+from	O
+a	O
+range	O
+of	O
+disciplines	O
+.	O
+It	O
+was	O
+at	O
+this	O
+summit	O
+that	O
+the	O
+idea	O
+for	O
+the	O
+special	O
+issue	O
+took	O
+root	O
+.	O
+I	O
+proposed	O
+the	O
+idea	O
+to	O
+Don	O
+Kraft	O
+,	O
+hoping	O
+he	O
+would	O
+find	O
+someone	O
+else	O
+to	O
+run	O
+with	O
+it	O
+.	O
+AS	O
+luck	O
+would	O
+have	O
+it	O
+,	O
+I	O
+ended	O
+up	O
+taking	O
+charge	O
+of	O
+it	O
+myself	O
+,	O
+with	O
+initial	O
+support	O
+from	O
+David	O
+Blair	O
+.	O
+From	O
+the	O
+suggestion	O
+to	O
+the	O
+finished	O
+product-has	O
+been	O
+the	O
+best	O
+part	O
+of	O
+2	O
+years	O
+,	O
+and	O
+in	O
+that	O
+time	O
+more	O
+than	O
+50	O
+volunteers	O
+reviewed	O
+over	O
+20	O
+submissions	O
+
+Mixture	O
+of	O
+experts	O
+classification	B-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+hierarchical	B-KEY
+mixture	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+A	O
+three-level	O
+hierarchical	B-KEY
+mixture	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+classification	B-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+that	O
+models	O
+the	O
+following	O
+data	B-KEY
+generation	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+the	O
+data	O
+are	O
+generated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+finite	O
+number	O
+of	O
+sources	O
+-LRB-	O
+clusters	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+the	O
+generation	O
+mechanism	O
+of	O
+each	O
+source	O
+assumes	O
+the	O
+existence	O
+of	O
+individual	O
+internal	O
+class-labeled	O
+sources	O
+-LRB-	O
+subclusters	O
+of	O
+the	O
+external	O
+cluster	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+model	O
+estimates	O
+the	O
+posterior	B-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+class	I-KEY
+membership	I-KEY
+similar	O
+to	O
+a	O
+mixture	O
+of	O
+experts	B-KEY
+classifier	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+learn	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+the	O
+model	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+general	O
+training	O
+approach	O
+based	O
+on	O
+maximum	O
+likelihood	O
+that	O
+results	O
+in	O
+two	O
+efficient	O
+training	O
+algorithms	O
+.	O
+Compared	O
+to	O
+other	O
+classification	B-KEY
+mixture	O
+models	O
+,	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+hierarchical	O
+model	O
+exhibits	O
+several	O
+advantages	O
+and	O
+provides	O
+improved	O
+classification	B-KEY
+performance	O
+as	O
+indicated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+
+Adaptive	O
+state	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+control	O
+for	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+linear	O
+systems	O
+with	O
+unknown	O
+bounds	O
+of	O
+uncertainties	O
+The	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+adaptive	O
+robust	B-KEY
+stabilization	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+time-varying	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+disturbance	O
+and	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+uncertainties	I-KEY
+is	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+The	O
+bounds	O
+of	O
+the	O
+disturbance	O
+and	O
+uncertainties	O
+are	O
+assumed	O
+to	O
+be	O
+unknown	O
+,	O
+being	O
+even	O
+arbitrary	O
+.	O
+For	O
+such	O
+uncertain	B-KEY
+dynamical	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+adaptive	O
+robust	O
+state	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+controller	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+.	O
+And	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+closed-loop	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+are	O
+asymptotically	O
+stable	O
+in	O
+theory	O
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+an	O
+adaptive	O
+robust	O
+state	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+control	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+given	O
+.	O
+The	O
+scheme	O
+ensures	O
+the	O
+closed-loop	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+exponentially	O
+practically	O
+stable	O
+and	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+in	O
+practical	O
+engineering	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+simulations	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+control	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+effective	O
+
+Information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+:	O
+looking	O
+ahead	O
+It	O
+may	O
+be	O
+a	O
+bit	O
+strange	O
+to	O
+consider	O
+where	O
+the	O
+field	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+IA	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+headed	O
+.	O
+After	O
+all	O
+,	O
+many	O
+would	O
+argue	O
+that	O
+it	O
+'s	O
+too	O
+new	O
+to	O
+be	O
+considered	O
+as	O
+a	O
+field	O
+at	O
+all	O
+,	O
+or	O
+that	O
+it	O
+is	O
+mislabeled	O
+,	O
+and	O
+by	O
+no	O
+means	O
+is	O
+there	O
+a	O
+widely	O
+accepted	O
+definition	O
+of	O
+what	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+actually	O
+is	O
+.	O
+Practicing	O
+information	B-KEY
+architects	I-KEY
+probably	O
+number	O
+in	O
+the	O
+thousands	O
+,	O
+and	O
+this	O
+vibrant	O
+group	O
+is	O
+already	O
+building	O
+various	O
+forms	O
+of	O
+communal	B-KEY
+infrastructure	I-KEY
+,	O
+ranging	O
+from	O
+an	O
+IA	O
+journal	O
+and	O
+a	O
+self-organizing	O
+``	O
+library	O
+''	O
+of	O
+resources	O
+to	O
+a	O
+passel	O
+of	O
+local	B-KEY
+professional	I-KEY
+groups	I-KEY
+and	O
+degree-granting	B-KEY
+academic	I-KEY
+programs	I-KEY
+.	O
+So	O
+the	O
+profession	O
+has	O
+achieved	O
+a	O
+beachhead	O
+that	O
+will	O
+enable	O
+it	O
+to	O
+stabilize	O
+and	O
+perhaps	O
+even	O
+grow	O
+during	O
+these	O
+difficult	O
+times	O
+
+Using	O
+the	O
+Small	O
+Business	B-KEY
+Innovation	O
+Research	O
+Program	O
+to	O
+turn	O
+your	O
+ideas	O
+into	O
+products	O
+The	O
+US	B-KEY
+Government	I-KEY
+'s	O
+Small	O
+Business	B-KEY
+Innovation	O
+Research	O
+Program	O
+helps	O
+small	O
+businesses	O
+transform	O
+new	O
+ideas	O
+into	O
+commercial	O
+products	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+provides	O
+an	O
+ideal	O
+means	O
+for	O
+businesses	B-KEY
+and	O
+universities	B-KEY
+to	O
+obtaining	O
+funding	B-KEY
+for	O
+cooperative	B-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+.	O
+Rules	O
+and	O
+information	O
+for	O
+the	O
+program	O
+are	O
+readily	O
+available	O
+,	O
+and	O
+I	O
+will	O
+give	O
+a	O
+few	O
+helpful	O
+hints	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+guidance	O
+
+When	O
+a	O
+better	O
+interface	O
+and	O
+easy	O
+navigation	O
+are	O
+n't	O
+enough	O
+:	O
+examining	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+law	B-KEY
+enforcement	I-KEY
+agency	I-KEY
+An	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+that	O
+allows	O
+users	O
+to	O
+easily	O
+navigate	O
+through	O
+a	O
+system	O
+and	O
+quickly	O
+recover	O
+from	O
+mistakes	O
+is	O
+often	O
+defined	O
+as	O
+a	O
+highly	O
+usable	O
+system	O
+.	O
+But	O
+usability	O
+in	O
+systems	O
+design	O
+goes	O
+beyond	O
+a	O
+good	O
+interface	O
+and	O
+efficient	O
+navigation	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+article	O
+we	O
+describe	O
+two	O
+database	O
+systems	O
+in	O
+a	O
+law	B-KEY
+enforcement	I-KEY
+agency	I-KEY
+.	O
+One	O
+system	O
+is	O
+a	O
+legacy	O
+,	O
+text-based	O
+system	O
+with	O
+cumbersome	O
+navigation	O
+-LRB-	O
+RMS	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+;	O
+the	O
+newer	O
+system	O
+is	O
+a	O
+graphical	B-KEY
+user	I-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+with	O
+simplified	B-KEY
+navigation	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CopNet	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+hypothesized	O
+that	O
+law	B-KEY
+enforcement	I-KEY
+users	I-KEY
+will	O
+evaluate	O
+CopNet	B-KEY
+higher	O
+than	O
+RMS	B-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+experts	O
+of	O
+the	O
+older	O
+system	O
+will	O
+evaluate	O
+it	O
+higher	O
+than	O
+others	O
+will	O
+.	O
+We	O
+conducted	O
+two	O
+user	O
+studies	O
+.	O
+One	O
+study	O
+examined	O
+what	O
+users	O
+thought	O
+of	O
+RMS	B-KEY
+and	O
+CopNet	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+RMS	B-KEY
+experts	O
+'	O
+evaluations	O
+with	O
+nonexperts	O
+.	O
+We	O
+found	O
+that	O
+all	O
+users	O
+evaluated	O
+CopNet	B-KEY
+as	O
+more	O
+effective	O
+,	O
+easier	O
+to	O
+use	O
+,	O
+and	O
+easier	O
+to	O
+navigate	O
+than	O
+RMS	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+this	O
+was	O
+especially	O
+noticeable	O
+for	O
+users	O
+who	O
+were	O
+not	O
+experts	O
+with	O
+the	O
+older	O
+system	O
+.	O
+The	O
+second	O
+,	O
+follow-up	O
+study	O
+examined	O
+use	O
+behavior	O
+after	O
+CopNet	B-KEY
+was	O
+deployed	O
+some	O
+time	O
+later	O
+.	O
+The	O
+findings	O
+revealed	O
+that	O
+evaluations	O
+of	O
+CopNet	B-KEY
+were	O
+not	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+its	O
+use	O
+.	O
+If	O
+the	O
+newer	O
+system	O
+had	O
+a	O
+better	O
+interface	O
+and	O
+was	O
+easier	O
+to	O
+navigate	O
+than	O
+the	O
+older	O
+,	O
+legacy	O
+system	O
+,	O
+why	O
+were	O
+law	O
+enforcement	O
+personnel	O
+reluctant	O
+to	O
+switch	O
+?	O
+We	O
+discuss	O
+reasons	O
+why	O
+switching	O
+to	O
+a	O
+new	O
+system	O
+is	O
+difficult	O
+,	O
+especially	O
+for	O
+those	O
+who	O
+are	O
+most	O
+adept	O
+at	O
+using	O
+the	O
+older	O
+system	O
+.	O
+Implications	O
+for	O
+system	O
+design	O
+and	O
+usability	O
+are	O
+also	O
+discussed	O
+
+Acquiring	O
+materials	O
+in	O
+the	O
+history	O
+of	O
+science	B-KEY
+,	O
+technology	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+medicine	B-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+provides	O
+detailed	O
+advice	O
+on	O
+acquiring	O
+new	O
+,	O
+out-of-print	O
+,	O
+and	O
+rare	B-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+history	O
+of	O
+science	B-KEY
+,	O
+technology	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+medicine	B-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+beginner	O
+in	O
+these	O
+fields	O
+.	O
+The	O
+focus	O
+is	O
+on	O
+the	O
+policy	B-KEY
+formation	I-KEY
+,	O
+basic	B-KEY
+reference	I-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+methods	O
+of	O
+collection	B-KEY
+development	I-KEY
+and	O
+acquisitions	O
+that	O
+are	O
+the	O
+necessary	O
+basis	O
+for	O
+success	O
+in	O
+this	O
+endeavor	O
+
+An	O
+identity-based	B-KEY
+society	I-KEY
+oriented	I-KEY
+signature	I-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+with	O
+anonymous	B-KEY
+signers	I-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+new	O
+society	O
+oriented	O
+scheme	O
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Guillou-Quisquater	O
+-LRB-	O
+1989	O
+-RRB-	O
+signature	O
+scheme	O
+.	O
+The	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+identity-based	O
+and	O
+the	O
+signatures	O
+are	O
+verified	O
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+only	O
+one	O
+identity	O
+.	O
+That	O
+is	O
+,	O
+the	O
+verifier	O
+does	O
+not	O
+have	O
+to	O
+know	O
+the	O
+identity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+co-signers	O
+,	O
+but	O
+just	O
+that	O
+of	O
+the	O
+organization	O
+they	O
+represent	O
+
+The	O
+congenial	B-KEY
+talking	I-KEY
+philosophers	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+in	O
+computer	B-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+Group	B-KEY
+mutual	I-KEY
+exclusion	I-KEY
+occurs	O
+naturally	O
+in	O
+situations	O
+where	O
+a	O
+resource	O
+can	O
+be	O
+shared	O
+by	O
+processes	O
+of	O
+the	O
+same	O
+group	O
+,	O
+but	O
+not	O
+by	O
+processes	O
+of	O
+different	O
+groups	O
+.	O
+For	O
+example	O
+,	O
+suppose	O
+data	O
+is	O
+stored	O
+in	O
+a	O
+CD-jukebox	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+,	O
+when	O
+a	O
+disc	O
+is	O
+loaded	O
+for	O
+access	O
+,	O
+users	O
+that	O
+need	O
+data	O
+on	O
+the	O
+disc	O
+can	O
+concurrently	O
+access	O
+the	O
+disc	O
+,	O
+while	O
+users	O
+that	O
+need	O
+data	O
+on	O
+a	O
+different	O
+disc	O
+have	O
+to	O
+wait	O
+until	O
+the	O
+current	O
+disc	O
+is	O
+unloaded	O
+.	O
+The	O
+design	O
+issues	O
+for	O
+group	B-KEY
+mutual	I-KEY
+exclusion	I-KEY
+have	O
+been	O
+modeled	O
+as	O
+the	O
+Congenial	B-KEY
+Talking	I-KEY
+Philosophers	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+solutions	O
+for	O
+shared	O
+memory	O
+models	O
+have	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+-LRB-	O
+Y.-J	O
+.	O
+Young	O
+,	O
+2000	O
+;	O
+P.	O
+Keane	O
+and	O
+M.	O
+Moir	O
+,	O
+1999	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+As	O
+in	O
+ordinary	O
+mutual	O
+exclusion	O
+and	O
+many	O
+other	O
+problems	O
+in	O
+distributed	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+techniques	O
+developed	O
+for	O
+shared	O
+memory	O
+do	O
+not	O
+necessarily	O
+apply	O
+to	O
+message	O
+passing	O
+-LRB-	O
+and	O
+vice	O
+versa	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+We	O
+investigate	O
+solutions	O
+for	O
+Congenial	O
+Talking	O
+Philosophers	O
+in	O
+computer	B-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+where	O
+processes	B-KEY
+communicate	I-KEY
+by	O
+asynchronous	B-KEY
+message	I-KEY
+passing	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+first	O
+present	O
+a	O
+solution	O
+that	O
+is	O
+a	O
+straightforward	O
+adaptation	O
+from	O
+G.	O
+Ricart	O
+and	O
+A.K.	O
+Agrawala	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1981	O
+-RRB-	O
+algorithm	O
+for	O
+ordinary	O
+mutual	O
+exclusion	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+we	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+simple	O
+modification	O
+suffers	O
+a	O
+severe	O
+performance	O
+degradation	O
+that	O
+could	O
+cause	O
+the	O
+system	O
+to	O
+behave	O
+as	O
+though	O
+only	O
+one	O
+process	O
+of	O
+a	O
+group	O
+can	O
+be	O
+in	O
+the	O
+critical	B-KEY
+section	I-KEY
+at	O
+a	O
+time	O
+.	O
+We	O
+then	O
+present	O
+a	O
+more	O
+efficient	O
+and	O
+highly	O
+concurrent	B-KEY
+distributed	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+,	O
+the	O
+first	O
+such	O
+solution	O
+in	O
+computer	B-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+
+Using	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+engines	I-KEY
+to	O
+estimate	O
+word	O
+frequency	O
+The	O
+present	O
+research	O
+investigated	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+engines	I-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+rapid	O
+,	O
+cost-effective	O
+alternative	O
+for	O
+estimating	O
+word	O
+frequencies	O
+.	O
+Frequency	O
+estimates	O
+for	O
+382	O
+words	O
+were	O
+obtained	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+across	O
+four	O
+methods	O
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+engines	I-KEY
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+the	O
+Kucera	O
+and	O
+Francis	O
+-LRB-	O
+1967	O
+-RRB-	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+a	O
+traditional	O
+linguistic	B-KEY
+corpus	I-KEY
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+3	O
+-RRB-	O
+the	O
+CELEX	B-KEY
+English	I-KEY
+linguistic	I-KEY
+database	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Baayen	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+,	O
+1995	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+4	O
+-RRB-	O
+participant	O
+ratings	O
+of	O
+familiarity	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+showed	O
+that	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+engines	I-KEY
+produced	O
+frequency	O
+estimates	O
+that	O
+were	O
+highly	O
+consistent	O
+with	O
+those	O
+reported	O
+by	O
+Kucera	O
+and	O
+Francis	O
+and	O
+those	O
+calculated	O
+from	O
+CELEX	O
+,	O
+highly	O
+consistent	O
+across	O
+search	O
+engines	O
+,	O
+and	O
+very	O
+reliable	O
+over	O
+a	O
+6	O
+month	O
+period	O
+of	O
+time	O
+.	O
+Additional	O
+results	O
+suggested	O
+that	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+engines	I-KEY
+are	O
+an	O
+excellent	O
+option	O
+when	O
+traditional	O
+word	O
+frequency	O
+analyses	O
+do	O
+not	O
+contain	O
+the	O
+necessary	O
+data	O
+-LRB-	O
+e.g.	O
+,	O
+estimates	O
+for	O
+forenames	O
+and	O
+slang	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+In	O
+contrast	O
+,	O
+participants	O
+'	O
+familiarity	O
+judgments	O
+did	O
+not	O
+correspond	O
+well	O
+with	O
+the	O
+more	O
+objective	O
+estimates	O
+of	O
+word	O
+frequency	O
+.	O
+Researchers	O
+are	O
+advised	O
+to	O
+use	O
+search	O
+engines	O
+with	O
+large	B-KEY
+databases	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+e.g.	O
+,	O
+AltaVista	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+ensure	O
+the	O
+greatest	O
+representativeness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+frequency	O
+estimates	O
+
+Model	B-KEY
+predictive	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+helps	O
+to	O
+regulate	O
+slow	O
+processes-robust	O
+barrel	O
+temperature	O
+control	O
+Slow	O
+temperature	O
+control	O
+is	O
+a	O
+challenging	O
+control	O
+problem	O
+.	O
+The	O
+problem	O
+becomes	O
+even	O
+more	O
+challenging	O
+when	O
+multiple	O
+zones	O
+are	O
+involved	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+in	O
+barrel	O
+temperature	O
+control	O
+for	O
+extruders	B-KEY
+.	O
+Often	O
+,	O
+strict	O
+closed-loop	O
+performance	O
+requirements	O
+-LRB-	O
+such	O
+as	O
+fast	O
+startup	O
+with	O
+no	O
+overshoot	O
+and	O
+maintaining	O
+tight	O
+temperature	O
+control	O
+during	O
+production	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+given	O
+for	O
+such	O
+applications	O
+.	O
+When	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+are	O
+examined	O
+,	O
+it	O
+becomes	O
+clear	O
+that	O
+a	O
+commonly	O
+used	O
+proportional	O
+plus	O
+integral	O
+plus	O
+derivative	O
+-LRB-	O
+PID	O
+-RRB-	O
+controller	O
+can	O
+not	O
+meet	O
+such	O
+performance	O
+specifications	O
+for	O
+this	O
+kind	O
+of	O
+system	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+either	O
+will	O
+overshoot	O
+or	O
+not	O
+maintain	O
+the	O
+temperature	O
+within	O
+the	O
+specified	O
+range	O
+during	O
+the	O
+production	O
+run	O
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+achieve	O
+the	O
+required	O
+performance	O
+,	O
+a	O
+control	O
+strategy	O
+that	O
+utilizes	O
+techniques	O
+such	O
+as	O
+model	B-KEY
+predictive	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+,	O
+autotuning	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+parameter	I-KEY
+PID	I-KEY
+is	O
+formulated	O
+.	O
+This	O
+control	O
+strategy	O
+proves	O
+to	O
+be	O
+very	O
+effective	O
+in	O
+achieving	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+specifications	O
+,	O
+and	O
+is	O
+very	O
+robust	O
+
+Controller	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+with	O
+LQG	B-KEY
+benchmark	I-KEY
+obtained	O
+under	O
+closed	O
+loop	O
+conditions	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+proposes	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+for	O
+obtaining	O
+a	O
+linear	O
+quadratic	O
+Gaussian	O
+-LRB-	O
+LQG	O
+-RRB-	O
+benchmark	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+the	O
+variances	O
+of	O
+process	O
+input	O
+and	O
+output	O
+from	O
+closed-loop	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+,	O
+for	O
+assessing	O
+the	O
+controller	O
+performance	O
+.	O
+LQG	B-KEY
+benchmark	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+to	O
+assess	O
+controller	O
+performance	O
+since	O
+the	O
+LQG	O
+tradeoff	O
+curve	O
+represents	O
+the	O
+limit	O
+of	O
+performance	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+input	O
+and	O
+output	O
+variances	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+an	O
+explicit	O
+parametric	O
+model	O
+is	O
+required	O
+to	O
+calculate	O
+the	O
+LQG	B-KEY
+benchmark	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+work	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+data	O
+driven	O
+subspace	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+calculate	O
+the	O
+LQG	B-KEY
+benchmark	I-KEY
+under	O
+closed-loop	O
+conditions	O
+with	O
+certain	O
+external	O
+excitations	O
+.	O
+The	O
+optimal	O
+LQG-benchmark	O
+variances	O
+are	O
+obtained	O
+directly	O
+from	O
+the	O
+subspace	B-KEY
+matrices	I-KEY
+corresponding	O
+to	O
+the	O
+deterministic	B-KEY
+inputs	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+inputs	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+identified	O
+using	O
+closed-loop	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+with	O
+setpoint	O
+excitation	O
+.	O
+These	O
+variances	O
+are	O
+used	O
+for	O
+assessing	O
+the	O
+controller	O
+performance	O
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+proposed	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+applicable	O
+to	O
+both	O
+univariate	O
+and	O
+multivariate	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+.	O
+Profit	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+feedforward	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+existing	O
+feedback-only	O
+control	O
+system	O
+is	O
+also	O
+analyzed	O
+under	O
+the	O
+optimal	O
+LQG	O
+performance	O
+framework	O
+
+Prospective	O
+on	O
+computer	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+in	O
+power	O
+The	O
+so-called	O
+``	O
+deregulation	O
+''	O
+and	O
+restructuring	O
+of	O
+the	O
+electric	O
+power	O
+industry	O
+have	O
+made	O
+it	O
+very	O
+difficult	O
+to	O
+keep	O
+up	O
+with	O
+industry	O
+changes	O
+and	O
+have	O
+made	O
+it	O
+much	O
+more	O
+difficult	O
+to	O
+envision	O
+the	O
+future	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+article	O
+,	O
+current	O
+key	O
+issues	O
+and	O
+major	O
+developments	O
+of	O
+the	O
+past	O
+few	O
+years	O
+are	O
+reviewed	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+perspective	O
+,	O
+and	O
+prospects	O
+for	O
+future	O
+computer	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+in	O
+power	O
+are	O
+suggested	O
+.	O
+Technology	B-KEY
+changes	I-KEY
+are	O
+occurring	O
+at	O
+an	O
+exponential	O
+rate	O
+.	O
+The	O
+interconnected	B-KEY
+bulk	I-KEY
+electric	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+are	O
+becoming	O
+integrated	O
+with	O
+vast	O
+networked	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+skills	O
+that	O
+will	O
+be	O
+needed	O
+by	O
+future	O
+power	O
+engineers	O
+to	O
+keep	O
+pace	O
+with	O
+these	O
+developments	O
+and	O
+trends	O
+
+A	O
+spatial	O
+rainfall	O
+simulator	O
+for	O
+crop	B-KEY
+production	I-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+in	O
+Southern	B-KEY
+Africa	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+a	O
+methodology	O
+for	O
+simulating	B-KEY
+rainfall	I-KEY
+in	O
+dekads	O
+across	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+spatial	O
+units	O
+in	O
+areas	O
+where	O
+long-term	O
+meteorological	O
+records	O
+are	O
+available	O
+for	O
+a	O
+small	O
+number	O
+of	O
+sites	O
+only	O
+.	O
+The	O
+work	O
+forms	O
+part	O
+of	O
+a	O
+larger	O
+simulation	O
+model	O
+of	O
+the	O
+food	O
+system	O
+in	O
+a	O
+district	O
+of	O
+Zimbabwe	B-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+includes	O
+a	O
+crop	O
+production	O
+component	O
+for	O
+yields	O
+of	O
+maize	O
+,	O
+small	O
+grains	O
+and	O
+groundnuts	O
+.	O
+Only	O
+a	O
+limited	O
+number	O
+of	O
+meteorological	O
+stations	O
+are	O
+available	O
+within	O
+or	O
+surrounding	O
+the	O
+district	O
+that	O
+have	O
+long	O
+time	O
+series	O
+of	O
+rainfall	B-KEY
+records	I-KEY
+.	O
+Preliminary	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+rainfall	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+for	O
+these	O
+stations	O
+suggested	O
+that	O
+intra-seasonal	O
+temporal	O
+correlation	O
+was	O
+negligible	O
+,	O
+but	O
+that	O
+rainfall	O
+at	O
+any	O
+given	O
+station	O
+was	O
+correlated	O
+with	O
+rainfall	O
+at	O
+neighbouring	O
+stations	O
+.	O
+This	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+structure	O
+can	O
+be	O
+modeled	O
+using	O
+a	O
+multivariate	B-KEY
+normal	I-KEY
+distribution	I-KEY
+consisting	O
+of	O
+30	O
+related	O
+variables	O
+,	O
+representing	O
+dekadly	O
+rainfall	O
+in	O
+each	O
+of	O
+the	O
+30	O
+wards	O
+.	O
+For	O
+each	O
+ward	O
+,	O
+log-transformed	O
+rainfall	O
+for	O
+each	O
+of	O
+the	O
+36	O
+dekads	O
+in	O
+the	O
+year	O
+was	O
+characterized	O
+by	O
+a	O
+mean	O
+and	O
+standard	O
+deviation	O
+,	O
+which	O
+were	O
+interpolated	O
+from	O
+surrounding	O
+meteorological	O
+stations	O
+.	O
+A	O
+covariance	B-KEY
+matrix	I-KEY
+derived	O
+from	O
+a	O
+distance	O
+measure	O
+was	O
+then	O
+used	O
+to	O
+represent	O
+the	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+between	O
+wards	O
+.	O
+Sets	O
+of	O
+random	O
+numbers	O
+were	O
+then	O
+drawn	O
+from	O
+this	O
+distribution	O
+to	O
+simulate	B-KEY
+rainfall	I-KEY
+across	O
+the	O
+wards	O
+in	O
+any	O
+given	O
+dekad	O
+.	O
+Cross-validation	O
+of	O
+estimated	O
+rainfall	O
+parameters	O
+against	O
+observed	O
+parameters	O
+for	O
+the	O
+one	O
+meteorological	O
+station	O
+within	O
+the	O
+district	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+the	O
+interpolation	O
+process	O
+works	O
+well	O
+.	O
+The	O
+methodology	O
+developed	O
+is	O
+useful	O
+in	O
+situations	O
+where	O
+long-term	O
+climatic	O
+records	O
+are	O
+scarce	O
+and	O
+where	O
+rainfall	O
+shows	O
+pronounced	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+negligible	O
+temporal	O
+correlation	O
+
+Separation	O
+and	O
+tracking	O
+of	O
+multiple	O
+broadband	O
+sources	O
+with	O
+one	O
+electromagnetic	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+sensor	I-KEY
+A	O
+structure	O
+for	O
+adaptively	O
+separating	O
+,	O
+enhancing	O
+and	O
+tracking	O
+uncorrelated	B-KEY
+sources	I-KEY
+with	O
+an	O
+electromagnetic	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+sensor	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+EMVS	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+structure	O
+consists	O
+of	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+parallel	B-KEY
+spatial	I-KEY
+processors	I-KEY
+,	O
+one	O
+for	O
+each	O
+individual	O
+source	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+stages	O
+of	O
+processing	O
+are	O
+involved	O
+in	O
+each	O
+spatial	O
+processor	O
+.	O
+The	O
+first	O
+preprocessing	B-KEY
+stage	I-KEY
+rejects	O
+all	O
+other	O
+sources	O
+except	O
+the	O
+one	O
+of	O
+interest	O
+,	O
+while	O
+the	O
+second	O
+stage	O
+is	O
+an	O
+adaptive	O
+one	O
+for	O
+maximizing	O
+the	O
+signal-to-noise	B-KEY
+ratio	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SNR	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+tracking	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+source	O
+.	O
+The	O
+preprocessings	O
+are	O
+designed	O
+using	O
+the	O
+latest	O
+source	O
+parameter	O
+estimates	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+the	O
+source	O
+trackers	O
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+redesign	O
+is	O
+activated	O
+periodically	O
+or	O
+whenever	O
+any	O
+source	O
+has	O
+been	O
+detected	O
+by	O
+the	O
+source	O
+trackers	O
+to	O
+have	O
+made	O
+significant	O
+movement	O
+.	O
+Compared	O
+with	O
+conventional	O
+adaptive	O
+beamforming	O
+,	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+the	O
+advantage	O
+that	O
+no	O
+a	O
+priori	O
+information	O
+on	O
+any	O
+desired	O
+signal	O
+location	O
+is	O
+needed	O
+,	O
+the	O
+sources	O
+are	O
+separated	O
+at	O
+maximum	B-KEY
+SNR	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+their	O
+locations	O
+are	O
+available	O
+.	O
+The	O
+structure	O
+is	O
+also	O
+well	O
+suited	O
+for	O
+parallel	B-KEY
+implementation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Numerical	O
+examples	O
+are	O
+included	O
+to	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+capability	O
+and	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+
+2002	O
+in-house	B-KEY
+fulfillment	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+report	O
+-LSB-	O
+publishing	O
+-RSB-	O
+CM	O
+'s	O
+13th	O
+annual	O
+survey	B-KEY
+of	O
+in-house	B-KEY
+fulfillment	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+suppliers	B-KEY
+brings	O
+you	O
+up	O
+to	O
+date	O
+on	O
+the	O
+current	O
+capabilities	O
+of	O
+the	O
+leading	O
+publication	B-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+packages	I-KEY
+
+Complexity	B-KEY
+transitions	I-KEY
+in	O
+global	B-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+for	O
+sparse	B-KEY
+linear	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+over	O
+finite	B-KEY
+fields	I-KEY
+We	O
+study	O
+the	O
+computational	O
+complexity	O
+of	O
+a	O
+very	O
+basic	O
+problem	O
+,	O
+namely	O
+that	O
+of	O
+finding	O
+solutions	O
+to	O
+a	O
+very	O
+large	O
+set	O
+of	O
+random	B-KEY
+linear	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+finite	B-KEY
+Galois	I-KEY
+field	I-KEY
+modulo	O
+q.	O
+Using	O
+tools	O
+from	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+mechanics	I-KEY
+we	O
+are	O
+able	O
+to	O
+identify	O
+phase	O
+transitions	O
+in	O
+the	O
+structure	O
+of	O
+the	O
+solution	O
+space	O
+and	O
+to	O
+connect	O
+them	O
+to	O
+the	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+a	O
+global	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+,	O
+namely	O
+Gaussian	B-KEY
+elimination	I-KEY
+.	O
+Crossing	O
+phase	B-KEY
+boundaries	I-KEY
+produces	O
+a	O
+dramatic	O
+increase	O
+in	O
+memory	O
+and	O
+CPU	O
+requirements	O
+necessary	O
+for	O
+the	O
+algorithms	O
+.	O
+In	O
+turn	O
+,	O
+this	O
+causes	O
+the	O
+saturation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+upper	O
+bounds	O
+for	O
+the	O
+running	O
+time	O
+.	O
+We	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+results	O
+on	O
+the	O
+specific	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+integer	B-KEY
+factorization	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+of	O
+central	O
+interest	O
+for	O
+deciphering	O
+messages	O
+encrypted	B-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+RSA	B-KEY
+cryptosystem	I-KEY
+
+Toward	O
+an	O
+Experimental	B-KEY
+Timing	I-KEY
+Standards	I-KEY
+Lab	I-KEY
+:	O
+benchmarking	B-KEY
+precision	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+real	O
+world	O
+Much	O
+discussion	O
+has	O
+taken	O
+place	O
+over	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+merits	O
+of	O
+various	O
+platforms	O
+and	O
+operating	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+for	O
+real-time	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+collection	I-KEY
+.	O
+Most	O
+would	O
+agree	O
+that	O
+,	O
+provided	O
+great	O
+care	O
+is	O
+taken	O
+,	O
+many	O
+are	O
+capable	O
+of	O
+millisecond	B-KEY
+timing	I-KEY
+precision	I-KEY
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+to	O
+date	O
+,	O
+much	O
+of	O
+this	O
+work	O
+has	O
+focused	O
+on	O
+the	O
+theoretical	O
+aspects	O
+of	O
+raw	O
+performance	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+our	O
+belief	O
+that	O
+researchers	O
+would	O
+be	O
+better	O
+informed	O
+if	O
+they	O
+could	O
+place	O
+confidence	O
+limits	O
+on	O
+their	O
+own	O
+specific	O
+paradigms	O
+in	O
+situ	O
+and	O
+without	O
+modification	O
+.	O
+To	O
+this	O
+end	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+millisecond	O
+precision	O
+test	O
+rig	O
+that	O
+can	O
+control	O
+and	O
+time	O
+experiments	O
+on	O
+a	O
+second	O
+presentation	O
+machine	O
+.	O
+We	O
+report	O
+on	O
+the	O
+specialist	O
+hardware	O
+and	O
+software	O
+used	O
+.	O
+We	O
+elucidate	O
+the	O
+importance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+approach	O
+in	O
+relation	O
+to	O
+real-world	O
+experimentation	O
+
+The	O
+evolution	O
+of	O
+information	O
+systems	O
+:	O
+Their	O
+impact	O
+on	O
+organizations	O
+and	O
+structures	O
+Information	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+organization	O
+structures	O
+have	O
+been	O
+highly	O
+interconnected	O
+with	O
+each	O
+other	O
+.	O
+Over	O
+the	O
+years	O
+,	O
+information	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+architectures	I-KEY
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+organization	O
+structures	O
+have	O
+evolved	O
+from	O
+centralized	O
+to	O
+more	O
+decentralized	O
+forms	O
+.	O
+This	O
+research	O
+looks	O
+at	O
+the	O
+evolution	O
+of	O
+both	O
+information	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+organization	O
+structures	O
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+process	O
+,	O
+it	O
+looks	O
+into	O
+the	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+computers	O
+on	O
+organizations	O
+,	O
+and	O
+examines	O
+the	O
+ways	O
+organization	O
+structures	O
+have	O
+changed	O
+,	O
+in	O
+association	O
+with	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+information	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+architectures	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+also	O
+suggests	O
+logical	O
+linkages	O
+between	O
+information	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+architectures	I-KEY
+and	O
+their	O
+``	O
+fit	O
+''	O
+with	O
+certain	O
+organization	O
+structures	O
+and	O
+strategies	O
+.	O
+It	O
+concludes	O
+with	O
+some	O
+implications	O
+for	O
+emerging	O
+and	O
+future	O
+organizational	O
+forms	O
+,	O
+and	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+quick	O
+review	O
+of	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+on	O
+small	O
+businesses	O
+traditionally	O
+using	O
+stand-alone	O
+computers	O
+
+An	O
+efficient	O
+parallel	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+calculation	O
+of	O
+canonical	B-KEY
+MP2	I-KEY
+energies	I-KEY
+We	O
+present	O
+the	O
+parallel	O
+version	O
+of	O
+a	O
+previous	O
+serial	O
+algorithm	O
+for	O
+the	O
+efficient	O
+calculation	O
+of	O
+canonical	B-KEY
+MP2	I-KEY
+energies	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Saebo-Almlof	B-KEY
+direct-integral	I-KEY
+transformation	I-KEY
+,	O
+coupled	O
+with	O
+an	O
+efficient	O
+prescreening	O
+of	O
+the	O
+AO	B-KEY
+integrals	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+parallel	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+avoids	O
+synchronization	B-KEY
+delays	I-KEY
+by	O
+spawning	O
+a	O
+second	O
+set	O
+of	O
+slaves	O
+during	O
+the	O
+bin-sort	O
+prior	O
+to	O
+the	O
+second	B-KEY
+half-transformation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Results	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+for	O
+systems	O
+with	O
+up	O
+to	O
+2000	O
+basis	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+.	O
+MP2	B-KEY
+energies	I-KEY
+for	O
+molecules	O
+with	O
+400-500	O
+basis	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+routinely	O
+calculated	O
+to	O
+microhartree	B-KEY
+accuracy	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+small	O
+number	O
+of	O
+processors	O
+-LRB-	O
+6-8	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+a	O
+matter	O
+of	O
+minutes	O
+with	O
+modern	O
+PC-based	B-KEY
+parallel	I-KEY
+computers	I-KEY
+
+Capturing	O
+niche	B-KEY
+markets	I-KEY
+with	O
+copper	O
+For	O
+``	O
+last-mile	B-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+''	O
+in	O
+niche	O
+applications	O
+,	O
+twisted	B-KEY
+copper	I-KEY
+pair	I-KEY
+may	O
+be	O
+the	O
+cable	O
+of	O
+best	O
+option	O
+to	O
+gain	O
+access	O
+and	O
+deliver	O
+desired	O
+services	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+discusses	O
+how	O
+operators	O
+can	O
+use	O
+network	B-KEY
+edge	I-KEY
+devices	I-KEY
+to	O
+serve	O
+new	O
+customers	O
+.	O
+Niche	B-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+segments	O
+represent	O
+a	O
+significant	O
+opportunity	O
+for	O
+cable	O
+TV	O
+delivery	O
+of	O
+television	O
+and	O
+high-speed	O
+Internet	O
+signals	O
+.	O
+But	O
+the	O
+existing	O
+telecommunications	O
+infrastructure	O
+in	O
+those	O
+developments	O
+frequently	O
+presents	O
+unique	O
+challenges	O
+for	O
+the	O
+service	O
+provider	O
+to	O
+overcome	O
+
+On	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+ensembles	I-KEY
+in	O
+QSAR	B-KEY
+and	O
+QSPR	B-KEY
+Despite	O
+their	O
+growing	O
+popularity	O
+among	O
+neural	O
+network	O
+practitioners	O
+,	O
+ensemble	O
+methods	O
+have	O
+not	O
+been	O
+widely	O
+adopted	O
+in	O
+structure-activity	O
+and	O
+structure-property	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Neural	O
+networks	O
+are	O
+inherently	O
+unstable	O
+,	O
+in	O
+that	O
+small	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+training	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+and/or	O
+training	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+can	O
+lead	O
+to	O
+large	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+their	O
+generalization	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+.	O
+Recent	O
+research	O
+has	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+by	O
+capitalizing	O
+on	O
+the	O
+diversity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+individual	O
+models	O
+,	O
+ensemble	O
+techniques	O
+can	O
+minimize	O
+uncertainty	B-KEY
+and	O
+produce	O
+more	O
+stable	O
+and	O
+accurate	O
+predictors	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+work	O
+,	O
+we	O
+present	O
+a	O
+critical	O
+assessment	O
+of	O
+the	O
+most	O
+common	O
+ensemble	O
+technique	O
+known	O
+as	O
+bootstrap	B-KEY
+aggregation	I-KEY
+,	O
+or	O
+bagging	B-KEY
+,	O
+as	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+QSAR	B-KEY
+and	O
+QSPR	B-KEY
+.	O
+Although	O
+aggregation	O
+does	O
+offer	O
+definitive	O
+advantages	O
+,	O
+we	O
+demonstrate	O
+that	O
+bagging	B-KEY
+may	O
+not	O
+be	O
+the	O
+best	O
+possible	O
+choice	O
+and	O
+that	O
+simpler	O
+techniques	O
+such	O
+as	O
+retraining	B-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+full	O
+sample	O
+can	O
+often	O
+produce	O
+superior	O
+results	O
+.	O
+These	O
+findings	O
+are	O
+rationalized	O
+using	O
+Krogh	O
+and	O
+Vedelsby	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1995	O
+-RRB-	O
+decomposition	O
+of	O
+the	O
+generalization	O
+error	O
+into	O
+a	O
+term	O
+that	O
+measures	O
+the	O
+average	O
+generalization	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+individual	O
+networks	O
+and	O
+a	O
+term	O
+that	O
+measures	O
+the	O
+diversity	O
+among	O
+them	O
+.	O
+For	O
+networks	O
+that	O
+are	O
+designed	O
+to	O
+resist	O
+over-fitting	O
+,	O
+the	O
+benefits	O
+of	O
+aggregation	O
+are	O
+clear	O
+but	O
+not	O
+overwhelming	O
+
+The	O
+ubiquitous	O
+provisioning	O
+of	O
+internet	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+to	O
+portable	O
+devices	O
+Advances	O
+in	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+telecommunications	I-KEY
+and	O
+device	B-KEY
+miniaturization	I-KEY
+call	O
+for	O
+providing	O
+both	O
+standard	O
+and	O
+novel	O
+location	O
+-	O
+and	O
+context-dependent	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+to	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+clients	I-KEY
+.	O
+Mobile	B-KEY
+agents	I-KEY
+are	O
+dynamic	O
+,	O
+asynchronous	O
+,	O
+and	O
+autonomous	O
+,	O
+making	O
+the	O
+MA	O
+programming	O
+paradigm	O
+suitable	O
+for	O
+developing	O
+novel	O
+middleware	B-KEY
+for	O
+mobility-enabled	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+
+Choice	O
+from	O
+a	O
+three-element	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+:	O
+some	O
+lessons	O
+of	O
+the	O
+2000	B-KEY
+presidential	I-KEY
+campaign	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+United	O
+States	O
+We	O
+consider	O
+the	O
+behavior	O
+of	O
+four	O
+choice	O
+rules	O
+-	O
+plurality	B-KEY
+voting	I-KEY
+,	O
+approval	B-KEY
+voting	I-KEY
+,	O
+Borda	B-KEY
+count	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+self-consistent	B-KEY
+choice	I-KEY
+-	O
+when	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+choose	O
+the	O
+best	O
+option	O
+from	O
+a	O
+three-element	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+assumed	O
+that	O
+the	O
+two	O
+main	O
+options	O
+are	O
+preferred	O
+by	O
+a	O
+large	O
+majority	O
+of	O
+the	O
+voters	O
+,	O
+while	O
+the	O
+third	O
+option	O
+gets	O
+a	O
+very	O
+small	O
+number	O
+of	O
+votes	O
+and	O
+influences	O
+the	O
+election	O
+outcome	O
+only	O
+when	O
+the	O
+two	O
+main	O
+options	O
+receive	O
+a	O
+close	O
+number	O
+of	O
+votes	O
+.	O
+When	O
+used	O
+to	O
+rate	O
+the	O
+main	O
+options	O
+,	O
+Borda	B-KEY
+count	I-KEY
+and	O
+self-consistent	B-KEY
+choice	I-KEY
+contain	O
+terms	O
+that	O
+allow	O
+both	O
+for	O
+the	O
+``	O
+strength	O
+of	O
+preferences	O
+''	O
+of	O
+the	O
+voters	O
+and	O
+the	O
+rating	O
+of	O
+the	O
+main	O
+candidates	O
+by	O
+voters	O
+who	O
+vote	O
+for	O
+the	O
+third	O
+option	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+way	O
+,	O
+it	O
+becomes	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+more	O
+reliably	O
+the	O
+winner	O
+when	O
+plurality	B-KEY
+voting	I-KEY
+or	O
+approval	B-KEY
+voting	I-KEY
+produce	O
+close	O
+results	O
+
+Color	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+interpolation	I-KEY
+using	O
+alternating	B-KEY
+projections	I-KEY
+Most	O
+commercial	O
+digital	B-KEY
+cameras	I-KEY
+use	O
+color	B-KEY
+filter	I-KEY
+arrays	I-KEY
+to	O
+sample	O
+red	O
+,	O
+green	O
+,	O
+and	O
+blue	O
+colors	O
+according	O
+to	O
+a	O
+specific	O
+pattern	O
+.	O
+At	O
+the	O
+location	O
+of	O
+each	O
+pixel	O
+only	O
+one	O
+color	O
+sample	O
+is	O
+taken	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+values	O
+of	O
+the	O
+other	O
+colors	O
+must	O
+be	O
+interpolated	O
+using	O
+neighboring	O
+samples	O
+.	O
+This	O
+color	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+interpolation	I-KEY
+is	O
+known	O
+as	O
+demosaicing	B-KEY
+;	O
+it	O
+is	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+important	O
+tasks	O
+in	O
+a	O
+digital	B-KEY
+camera	I-KEY
+pipeline	O
+.	O
+If	O
+demosaicing	B-KEY
+is	O
+not	O
+performed	O
+appropriately	O
+,	O
+images	O
+suffer	O
+from	O
+highly	O
+visible	O
+color	B-KEY
+artifacts	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+we	O
+present	O
+a	O
+new	O
+demosaicing	B-KEY
+technique	O
+that	O
+uses	O
+inter-channel	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+effectively	O
+in	O
+an	O
+alternating-projections	O
+scheme	O
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+compared	O
+this	O
+technique	O
+with	O
+six	O
+state-of-the-art	O
+demosaicing	B-KEY
+techniques	O
+,	O
+and	O
+it	O
+outperforms	O
+all	O
+of	O
+them	O
+,	O
+both	O
+visually	O
+and	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+mean	O
+square	O
+error	O
+
+Synthetic	B-KEY
+simultaneity	I-KEY
+-	O
+natural	O
+and	O
+artificial	O
+In	O
+control	B-KEY
+loops	I-KEY
+,	O
+each	O
+element	O
+introduces	O
+time	B-KEY
+delays	I-KEY
+.	O
+If	O
+those	O
+time	B-KEY
+delays	I-KEY
+are	O
+larger	O
+than	O
+the	O
+critical	B-KEY
+times	I-KEY
+for	O
+control	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+,	O
+a	O
+problem	O
+exists	O
+.	O
+I	O
+show	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+mitigating	O
+this	O
+problem	O
+by	O
+basing	O
+the	O
+controller	O
+'s	O
+decisions	O
+not	O
+on	O
+the	O
+observations	B-KEY
+themselves	O
+but	O
+on	O
+our	O
+projections	O
+as	O
+to	O
+what	O
+the	O
+observations	B-KEY
+will	O
+be	O
+at	O
+the	O
+time	O
+our	O
+controls	O
+reach	O
+the	O
+controlled	O
+system	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+I	O
+argue	O
+that	O
+synthetic	B-KEY
+simultaneity	I-KEY
+explains	O
+Libet	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1993	O
+-RRB-	O
+results	O
+better	O
+than	O
+Libet	O
+'s	O
+explanation	O
+
+Online	O
+masquerade	O
+:	O
+whose	O
+e-mail	B-KEY
+is	O
+it	O
+?	O
+E-mails	B-KEY
+carrying	O
+viruses	B-KEY
+like	O
+the	O
+recent	O
+Klez	B-KEY
+worm	I-KEY
+use	O
+deceptively	O
+simple	O
+techniques	O
+and	O
+known	O
+vulnerabilities	B-KEY
+to	O
+spread	O
+from	O
+one	O
+computer	O
+to	O
+another	O
+with	O
+ease	O
+
+Adaptive	B-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+for	O
+noise	B-KEY
+reduction	I-KEY
+in	O
+hue	O
+saturation	B-KEY
+intensity	B-KEY
+color	O
+space	O
+Even	O
+though	O
+the	O
+hue	O
+saturation	B-KEY
+intensity	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+HSI	O
+-RRB-	O
+color	O
+model	O
+has	O
+been	O
+widely	O
+used	O
+in	O
+color	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+and	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+the	O
+conversion	O
+formulas	O
+from	O
+the	O
+RGB	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+to	O
+HSI	O
+are	O
+nonlinear	O
+and	O
+complicated	O
+in	O
+comparison	O
+with	O
+the	O
+conversion	O
+formulas	O
+of	O
+other	O
+color	O
+models	O
+.	O
+When	O
+an	O
+RGB	O
+image	O
+is	O
+degraded	O
+by	O
+random	B-KEY
+Gaussian	I-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+nonlinearity	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+a	O
+nonuniform	B-KEY
+noise	O
+distribution	O
+in	O
+HSI	O
+,	O
+making	O
+accurate	O
+image	O
+analysis	O
+more	O
+difficult	O
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+analyzed	O
+the	O
+noise	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+HSI	O
+color	O
+model	O
+and	O
+developed	O
+an	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+spatial	I-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+to	O
+reduce	O
+the	O
+magnitude	O
+of	O
+noise	O
+and	O
+the	O
+nonuniformity	B-KEY
+of	O
+noise	B-KEY
+variance	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+HSI	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+.	O
+With	O
+this	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+method	O
+,	O
+the	O
+filter	B-KEY
+kernel	I-KEY
+for	O
+each	O
+pixel	B-KEY
+is	O
+dynamically	O
+adjusted	O
+,	O
+depending	O
+on	O
+the	O
+values	O
+of	O
+intensity	B-KEY
+and	O
+saturation	B-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+our	O
+experiments	O
+we	O
+have	O
+filtered	O
+the	O
+saturation	B-KEY
+and	O
+hue	O
+components	O
+and	O
+generated	B-KEY
+edge	I-KEY
+maps	I-KEY
+from	O
+color	B-KEY
+gradients	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+found	O
+that	O
+by	O
+using	O
+the	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+method	O
+,	O
+the	O
+minimum	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+in	O
+edge	B-KEY
+detection	I-KEY
+improves	O
+by	O
+approximately	O
+15	O
+%	O
+
+Note	O
+on	O
+``	O
+Deterministic	B-KEY
+inventory	I-KEY
+lot-size	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+under	O
+inflation	B-KEY
+with	O
+shortages	O
+and	O
+deterioration	O
+for	O
+fluctuating	B-KEY
+demand	I-KEY
+''	O
+by	O
+Yang	O
+et	O
+al	O
+For	O
+original	O
+paper	O
+see	O
+H.-L	O
+.	O
+Yang	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+,	O
+ibid.	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.48	O
+,	O
+p.144-58	O
+-LRB-	O
+2001	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Yang	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+extended	O
+the	O
+lot-size	O
+models	O
+to	O
+allow	O
+for	O
+inflation	B-KEY
+and	O
+fluctuating	B-KEY
+demand	I-KEY
+.	O
+For	O
+this	O
+model	O
+they	O
+proved	O
+that	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+replenishment	I-KEY
+schedule	I-KEY
+exists	O
+and	O
+is	O
+unique	O
+.	O
+They	O
+also	O
+proposed	O
+an	O
+algorithm	O
+to	O
+find	O
+the	O
+optimal	O
+policy	O
+.	O
+The	O
+present	O
+paper	O
+provides	O
+examples	O
+,	O
+which	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+replenishment	I-KEY
+schedule	I-KEY
+and	O
+consequently	O
+the	O
+overall	O
+optimal	O
+policy	O
+may	O
+not	O
+exist	O
+
+Industrial/sup	O
+IT	O
+/	O
+for	O
+performance	O
+buildings	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+has	O
+taken	O
+a	O
+close	O
+look	O
+at	O
+how	O
+buildings	O
+are	O
+used	O
+and	O
+has	O
+come	O
+up	O
+with	O
+a	O
+radical	O
+solution	O
+for	O
+the	O
+technical	B-KEY
+infrastructure	I-KEY
+that	O
+places	O
+the	O
+end-user	O
+'s	O
+processes	O
+at	O
+the	O
+center	O
+and	O
+integrates	O
+all	O
+the	O
+building	O
+'s	O
+systems	O
+around	O
+their	O
+needs	O
+.	O
+The	O
+new	O
+solution	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+realization	O
+that	O
+tasks	O
+like	O
+setting	O
+up	O
+an	O
+office	O
+meeting	O
+,	O
+registering	O
+a	O
+hotel	O
+guest	O
+or	O
+moving	O
+a	O
+patient	O
+in	O
+a	O
+hospital	O
+,	O
+can	O
+all	O
+benefit	O
+from	O
+the	O
+same	O
+Industrial	B-KEY
+IT	I-KEY
+concepts	I-KEY
+employed	O
+by	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+to	O
+optimize	O
+manufacturing	O
+,	O
+for	O
+example	O
+in	O
+the	O
+automotive	O
+industry	O
+
+General	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+a	O
+density	O
+functionally	O
+gradient	O
+piezoelectric	O
+cantilever	O
+and	O
+its	O
+applications	O
+We	O
+have	O
+used	O
+the	O
+plane	B-KEY
+strain	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+of	O
+transversely	B-KEY
+isotropic	I-KEY
+bodies	I-KEY
+to	O
+study	O
+a	O
+piezoelectric	O
+cantilever	O
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+find	O
+the	O
+general	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+a	O
+density	O
+functionally	O
+gradient	O
+piezoelectric	O
+cantilever	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+used	O
+the	O
+inverse	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+i.e.	O
+the	O
+Airy	B-KEY
+stress	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+method	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+obtained	O
+the	O
+stress	O
+and	O
+induction	O
+functions	O
+in	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+polynomials	B-KEY
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+the	O
+general	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+beam	O
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+this	O
+general	O
+solution	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+deduced	O
+the	O
+solutions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+cantilever	O
+under	O
+different	O
+loading	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+as	O
+applications	O
+of	O
+this	O
+general	O
+solution	O
+in	O
+engineering	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+studied	O
+the	O
+tip	O
+deflection	O
+and	O
+blocking	O
+force	O
+of	O
+a	O
+piezoelectric	B-KEY
+cantilever	I-KEY
+actuator	I-KEY
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+addressed	O
+a	O
+method	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+density	B-KEY
+distribution	I-KEY
+profile	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+given	O
+piezoelectric	B-KEY
+material	I-KEY
+
+Limits	O
+for	O
+computational	B-KEY
+electromagnetics	I-KEY
+codes	I-KEY
+imposed	O
+by	O
+computer	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+The	O
+algorithmic	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+innermost	B-KEY
+loops	I-KEY
+that	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+complexity	O
+of	O
+algorithms	O
+in	O
+computational	O
+electromagnetics	O
+-LRB-	O
+CEM	O
+-RRB-	O
+codes	O
+are	O
+analyzed	O
+according	O
+to	O
+their	O
+operation	B-KEY
+count	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+the	O
+underlying	O
+computer	B-KEY
+hardware	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+memory	B-KEY
+chips	I-KEY
+are	O
+much	O
+slower	O
+than	O
+arithmetic	O
+processors	O
+,	O
+codes	O
+that	O
+involve	O
+a	O
+high	O
+data	B-KEY
+movement	I-KEY
+compared	O
+to	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+arithmetic	O
+operations	O
+are	O
+executed	O
+comparatively	O
+slower	O
+.	O
+Hence	O
+,	O
+matrix-matrix	B-KEY
+multiplications	I-KEY
+are	O
+much	O
+faster	O
+than	O
+matrix-vector	B-KEY
+multiplications	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+seen	O
+that	O
+it	O
+is	O
+not	O
+sufficient	O
+to	O
+compare	O
+only	O
+the	O
+complexity	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+the	O
+actual	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+algorithms	O
+to	O
+judge	O
+on	O
+faster	O
+execution	O
+.	O
+Implications	O
+involve	O
+FDTD	B-KEY
+loops	I-KEY
+,	O
+LU	B-KEY
+factorizations	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+iterative	B-KEY
+solvers	I-KEY
+for	O
+dense	B-KEY
+matrices	I-KEY
+.	O
+Run	O
+times	O
+on	O
+two	O
+reference	O
+platforms	O
+,	O
+namely	O
+an	O
+Athlon	O
+900	O
+MHz	O
+and	O
+an	O
+HP	O
+PA	O
+8600	O
+processor	O
+,	O
+verify	O
+the	O
+findings	O
+
+Explanations	O
+for	O
+the	O
+perpetration	O
+of	O
+and	O
+reactions	O
+to	O
+deception	O
+in	O
+a	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+community	I-KEY
+Cases	O
+of	O
+identity	B-KEY
+deception	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+are	O
+not	O
+uncommon	O
+.	O
+Several	O
+cases	O
+of	O
+a	O
+revealed	O
+identity	B-KEY
+deception	I-KEY
+have	O
+been	O
+reported	O
+in	O
+the	O
+media	O
+.	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+examine	O
+a	O
+case	O
+of	O
+deception	O
+in	O
+an	O
+online	B-KEY
+community	I-KEY
+composed	O
+primarily	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+professionals	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+case	O
+,	O
+an	O
+established	O
+community	O
+member	O
+-LRB-	O
+DF	O
+-RRB-	O
+invented	O
+a	O
+character	O
+-LRB-	O
+Nowheremom	O
+-RRB-	O
+whom	O
+he	O
+fell	O
+in	O
+love	O
+with	O
+and	O
+who	O
+was	O
+eventually	O
+killed	O
+in	O
+a	O
+tragic	O
+accident	O
+.	O
+When	O
+other	O
+members	O
+of	O
+the	O
+community	O
+eventually	O
+began	O
+to	O
+question	O
+Nowheremom	O
+'s	O
+actual	O
+identity	O
+,	O
+DF	O
+admitted	O
+that	O
+he	O
+invented	O
+her	O
+.	O
+The	O
+discussion	O
+board	O
+was	O
+flooded	O
+with	O
+reactions	O
+to	O
+DF	O
+'s	O
+revelation	O
+.	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+propose	O
+several	O
+explanations	O
+for	O
+the	O
+perpetration	O
+of	O
+identity	B-KEY
+deception	I-KEY
+,	O
+including	O
+psychiatric	B-KEY
+illness	I-KEY
+,	O
+identity	O
+play	O
+,	O
+and	O
+expressions	O
+of	O
+true	O
+self	O
+.	O
+They	O
+also	O
+analyze	O
+the	O
+reactions	O
+of	O
+community	O
+members	O
+and	O
+propose	O
+three	O
+related	O
+explanations	O
+-LRB-	O
+social	O
+identity	O
+,	O
+deviance	O
+,	O
+and	O
+norm	O
+violation	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+account	O
+for	O
+their	O
+reactions	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+argued	O
+that	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+communities	I-KEY
+'	O
+reactions	O
+to	O
+such	O
+threatening	O
+events	O
+provide	O
+invaluable	O
+clues	O
+for	O
+the	O
+study	O
+of	O
+group	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+
+Integrating	O
+building	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+and	O
+facilities	O
+management	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+Recently	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+of	O
+great	O
+interest	O
+to	O
+adopt	O
+the	O
+Internet/intranet	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+building	O
+management	O
+systems	O
+-LRB-	O
+BMS	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+facilities	O
+management	O
+systems	O
+-LRB-	O
+FMS	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+addresses	O
+two	O
+technical	O
+issues	O
+:	O
+the	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+including	O
+database	B-KEY
+integration	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+the	O
+integration	O
+of	O
+BMS	B-KEY
+and	O
+FMS	B-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+should	O
+be	O
+addressed	O
+for	O
+accessing	O
+BMS	B-KEY
+remotely	O
+via	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+,	O
+integrating	O
+control	O
+networks	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+protocols	I-KEY
+and	O
+infrastructures	O
+,	O
+and	O
+using	O
+Internet/intranet	O
+for	O
+building	O
+facilities	O
+management	O
+.	O
+An	O
+experimental	O
+Internet-enabled	O
+system	O
+that	O
+integrates	O
+building	O
+and	O
+facilities	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+and	O
+tested	O
+.	O
+This	O
+system	O
+integrated	O
+open	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+and	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+utilizing	O
+the	O
+embedded	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+server	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+PC	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+server	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Distributed	B-KEY
+Component	I-KEY
+Object	I-KEY
+Model	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DCOM	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+software	B-KEY
+development	I-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+platform	O
+of	O
+an	O
+open	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+.	O
+Three	O
+strategies	O
+for	O
+interconnecting	O
+BMS	B-KEY
+local	O
+networks	O
+via	O
+Internet/intranet	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+and	O
+analyzed	O
+
+Causes	O
+of	O
+the	O
+decline	O
+of	O
+the	O
+business	O
+school	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+course	O
+The	O
+business	O
+school	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+course	O
+is	O
+suffering	O
+serious	O
+decline	O
+.	O
+The	O
+traditional	O
+model	O
+-	O
+and	O
+algorithm-based	O
+course	O
+fails	O
+to	O
+meet	O
+the	O
+needs	O
+of	O
+MBA	B-KEY
+programs	I-KEY
+and	O
+students	O
+.	O
+Poor	O
+student	O
+mathematical	O
+preparation	O
+is	O
+a	O
+reality	O
+,	O
+and	O
+is	O
+not	O
+an	O
+acceptable	O
+justification	O
+for	O
+poor	O
+teaching	O
+outcomes	O
+.	O
+Management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+Ph.D.	O
+s	O
+are	O
+often	O
+poorly	O
+prepared	O
+to	O
+teach	O
+in	O
+a	O
+general	O
+management	O
+program	O
+,	O
+having	O
+more	O
+experience	O
+and	O
+interest	O
+in	O
+algorithms	O
+than	O
+management	O
+.	O
+The	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+profession	B-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+whole	O
+has	O
+focused	O
+its	O
+attention	O
+on	O
+algorithms	O
+and	O
+a	O
+narrow	O
+subset	O
+of	O
+management	O
+problems	O
+for	O
+which	O
+they	O
+are	O
+most	O
+applicable	O
+.	O
+In	O
+contrast	O
+,	O
+MBA	O
+'s	O
+rarely	O
+encounter	O
+problems	O
+that	O
+are	O
+suitable	O
+for	O
+straightforward	O
+application	O
+of	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+tools	O
+,	O
+living	O
+instead	O
+in	O
+a	O
+world	O
+where	O
+problems	O
+are	O
+ill-defined	O
+,	O
+data	O
+is	O
+scarce	O
+,	O
+time	O
+is	O
+short	O
+,	O
+politics	O
+is	O
+dominant	O
+,	O
+and	O
+rational	O
+``	O
+decision	O
+makers	O
+''	O
+are	O
+non-existent	O
+.	O
+The	O
+root	O
+cause	O
+of	O
+the	O
+profession	B-KEY
+'s	O
+failure	O
+to	O
+address	O
+these	O
+issues	O
+seems	O
+to	O
+be	O
+-LRB-	O
+in	O
+Russell	O
+Ackoff	O
+'s	O
+words	O
+-RRB-	O
+a	O
+habit	O
+of	O
+professional	O
+introversion	O
+that	O
+caused	O
+the	O
+profession	B-KEY
+to	O
+be	O
+uninterested	O
+in	O
+what	O
+MBA	O
+'s	O
+really	O
+do	O
+on	O
+the	O
+job	O
+and	O
+how	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+can	O
+help	O
+them	O
+
+Neighborhood	B-KEY
+operator	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+and	O
+approximations	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+the	O
+study	O
+of	O
+generalizing	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+notion	O
+of	O
+equivalence	B-KEY
+relation	I-KEY
+in	O
+rough	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+approximation	I-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+with	O
+various	O
+categories	O
+of	O
+k-step	B-KEY
+neighborhood	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+binary	B-KEY
+relation	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+finite	B-KEY
+universe	I-KEY
+,	O
+six	O
+families	O
+of	O
+binary	B-KEY
+relations	I-KEY
+are	O
+obtained	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+corresponding	O
+six	O
+classes	O
+of	O
+k-step	B-KEY
+neighborhood	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+are	O
+derived	O
+.	O
+Extensions	O
+of	O
+Pawlak	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1982	O
+-RRB-	O
+rough	O
+set	O
+approximation	O
+operators	O
+based	O
+on	O
+such	O
+neighborhood	O
+systems	O
+are	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+Properties	O
+of	O
+neighborhood	B-KEY
+operator	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+and	O
+rough	O
+set	O
+approximation	O
+operators	O
+are	O
+investigated	O
+,	O
+and	O
+their	O
+connections	O
+are	O
+examined	O
+
+Psychology	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+presents	O
+an	O
+overview	O
+of	O
+the	O
+way	O
+that	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+is	O
+being	O
+used	O
+to	O
+assist	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+research	O
+and	O
+mediate	O
+psychological	O
+practice	O
+.	O
+It	O
+shows	O
+how	O
+psychologists	O
+are	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+to	O
+examine	O
+the	O
+interactions	O
+between	O
+people	O
+and	O
+computers	O
+,	O
+and	O
+highlights	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+ways	O
+that	O
+this	O
+research	O
+is	O
+important	O
+to	O
+the	O
+design	O
+and	O
+development	O
+of	O
+useable	O
+and	O
+acceptable	O
+computer	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+In	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+this	O
+introduction	O
+reviews	O
+the	O
+research	O
+presented	O
+at	O
+the	O
+International	O
+Conference	O
+on	O
+Psychology	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+held	O
+in	O
+the	O
+United	O
+Kingdom	O
+.	O
+The	O
+final	O
+part	O
+introduces	O
+the	O
+eight	O
+articles	O
+in	O
+this	O
+special	O
+edition	O
+.	O
+The	O
+articles	O
+are	O
+representative	O
+of	O
+the	O
+breadth	O
+of	O
+research	O
+being	O
+conducted	O
+on	O
+psychology	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+:	O
+there	O
+are	O
+two	O
+on	O
+methodological	B-KEY
+issues	I-KEY
+,	O
+three	O
+on	O
+group	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+,	O
+one	O
+on	O
+organizational	B-KEY
+implications	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+two	O
+on	O
+social	B-KEY
+implications	I-KEY
+of	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+use	O
+
+A	O
+new	O
+subspace	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+principal	B-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+Principal	B-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+PCA	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+been	O
+widely	O
+used	O
+for	O
+monitoring	O
+complex	O
+industrial	O
+processes	O
+with	O
+multiple	O
+variables	O
+and	O
+diagnosing	O
+process	O
+and	O
+sensor	O
+faults	O
+.	O
+The	O
+objective	O
+of	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+a	O
+new	O
+subspace	O
+identification	O
+algorithm	O
+that	O
+gives	O
+consistent	O
+model	O
+estimates	O
+under	O
+the	O
+errors-in-variables	O
+-LRB-	O
+EIV	O
+-RRB-	O
+situation	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+new	O
+subspace	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+using	O
+principal	B-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+.	O
+PCA	B-KEY
+naturally	O
+falls	O
+into	O
+the	O
+category	O
+of	O
+EIV	O
+formulation	O
+,	O
+which	O
+resembles	O
+total	O
+least	O
+squares	O
+and	O
+allows	O
+for	O
+errors	O
+in	O
+both	O
+process	O
+input	O
+and	O
+output	O
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+to	O
+use	O
+PCA	B-KEY
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+system	B-KEY
+observability	I-KEY
+subspace	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+matrices	O
+and	O
+the	O
+system	O
+order	O
+for	O
+an	O
+EIV	O
+formulation	O
+.	O
+Standard	O
+PCA	B-KEY
+is	O
+modified	O
+with	O
+instrumental	O
+variables	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+achieve	O
+consistent	O
+estimates	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+matrices	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+subspace	O
+identification	O
+method	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+using	O
+a	O
+simulated	O
+process	O
+and	O
+a	O
+real	O
+industrial	O
+process	O
+for	O
+model	O
+identification	O
+and	O
+order	O
+determination	O
+.	O
+For	O
+comparison	O
+the	O
+MOESP	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+and	O
+N4SID	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+are	O
+used	O
+as	O
+benchmarks	O
+to	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+advantages	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+PCA	B-KEY
+based	O
+subspace	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SMI	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+algorithm	O
+
+Much	O
+ado	O
+about	O
+nothing	O
+:	O
+Win32.Perrun	B-KEY
+JPEG	B-KEY
+files	I-KEY
+do	O
+not	O
+contain	O
+any	O
+executable	O
+code	O
+and	O
+it	O
+is	O
+impossible	O
+to	O
+infect	O
+such	O
+files	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+takes	O
+a	O
+look	O
+at	O
+the	O
+details	O
+surrounding	O
+the	O
+Win32.Perrun	B-KEY
+virus	B-KEY
+and	O
+make	O
+clear	O
+exactly	O
+what	O
+it	O
+does	O
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+virus	B-KEY
+feature	O
+is	O
+its	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+affect	O
+JPEG	O
+image	O
+files	O
+-LRB-	O
+compressed	B-KEY
+graphic	I-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+to	O
+spread	O
+via	O
+affected	O
+JPEG	B-KEY
+files	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+virus	B-KEY
+affects	O
+,	O
+or	O
+modifies	O
+,	O
+or	O
+alters	O
+JPEG	B-KEY
+files	I-KEY
+but	O
+does	O
+not	O
+``	O
+infect	O
+''	O
+them	O
+
+Nonlinear	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+and	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+of	O
+MCFC	B-KEY
+stack	I-KEY
+To	O
+improve	O
+availability	O
+and	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+fuel	B-KEY
+cells	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+operating	O
+temperature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+molten	O
+carbonate	O
+fuel	B-KEY
+cells	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MCFC	O
+-RRB-	O
+stack	O
+should	O
+be	O
+controlled	O
+within	O
+a	O
+specified	O
+range	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+most	O
+existing	O
+models	O
+of	O
+MCFC	O
+are	O
+not	O
+ready	O
+to	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+in	O
+synthesis	O
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+a	O
+radial	B-KEY
+basis	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+MCFC	B-KEY
+stack	I-KEY
+is	O
+developed	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+input-output	B-KEY
+sampled	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+procedure	O
+for	O
+the	O
+temperature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+MCFC	B-KEY
+stack	I-KEY
+is	O
+also	O
+developed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+the	O
+fuzzy	O
+control	O
+system	O
+are	O
+regulated	O
+by	O
+back-propagation	O
+algorithm	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+rule	B-KEY
+database	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+fuzzy	O
+system	O
+is	O
+also	O
+adaptively	O
+adjusted	O
+by	O
+the	O
+nearest-neighbor-clustering	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+.	O
+Finally	O
+using	O
+the	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+model	O
+of	O
+MCFC	B-KEY
+stack	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+simulation	O
+results	O
+of	O
+the	O
+control	O
+algorithm	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+show	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+modeling	O
+and	O
+design	O
+procedures	O
+for	O
+the	O
+MCFC	B-KEY
+stack	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+identification	O
+and	O
+the	O
+novel	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+
+Trusted	O
+...	O
+or	O
+...	O
+trustworthy	O
+:	O
+the	O
+search	O
+for	O
+a	O
+new	O
+paradigm	O
+for	O
+computer	O
+and	O
+network	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+sets	O
+out	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+major	O
+questions	O
+and	O
+challenges	O
+which	O
+include	O
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+a	O
+-RRB-	O
+just	O
+what	O
+is	O
+meant	O
+by	O
+`	O
+trusted	O
+'	O
+or	O
+`	O
+trustworthy	O
+'	O
+systems	O
+after	O
+20	O
+years	O
+of	O
+experience	O
+,	O
+or	O
+more	O
+likely	O
+,	O
+lack	O
+of	O
+business	O
+level	O
+experience	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+`	O
+trusted	O
+computer	O
+system	O
+'	O
+criteria	O
+anyway	O
+;	O
+-LRB-	O
+b	O
+-RRB-	O
+does	O
+anyone	O
+really	O
+care	O
+about	O
+the	O
+adoption	O
+of	O
+international	B-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+for	O
+computer	O
+system	O
+security	O
+evaluation	O
+by	O
+IT	O
+product	O
+and	O
+system	O
+manufacturers	O
+and	O
+suppliers	O
+-LRB-	O
+IS	B-KEY
+15408	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+,	O
+if	O
+so	O
+,	O
+how	O
+does	O
+it	O
+all	O
+relate	O
+to	O
+business	B-KEY
+risk	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+anyway	O
+-LRB-	O
+IS	B-KEY
+17799	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+;	O
+-LRB-	O
+c	O
+-RRB-	O
+with	O
+the	O
+explosion	O
+of	O
+adoption	O
+of	O
+the	O
+microcomputer	B-KEY
+and	O
+personal	B-KEY
+computer	I-KEY
+some	O
+20	O
+years	O
+ago	O
+,	O
+has	O
+the	O
+industry	O
+abandoned	O
+all	O
+that	O
+it	O
+learnt	O
+about	O
+security	O
+during	O
+the	O
+`	O
+mainframe	O
+era	O
+'	O
+;	O
+or	O
+-	O
+`	O
+whatever	O
+happened	O
+to	O
+MULTICS	B-KEY
+'	O
+and	O
+its	O
+lessons	O
+;	O
+-LRB-	O
+d	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+education	B-KEY
+kept	O
+up	O
+with	O
+security	O
+requirements	O
+by	O
+industry	O
+and	O
+government	O
+alike	O
+in	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+safe	O
+and	O
+secure	O
+operation	O
+of	O
+large	O
+scale	O
+and	O
+networked	O
+information	O
+systems	O
+on	O
+national	O
+and	O
+international	O
+bases	O
+,	O
+particularly	O
+where	O
+Web	B-KEY
+or	O
+Internet-based	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+are	O
+being	O
+proposed	O
+as	O
+the	O
+major	O
+`	O
+next	O
+best	O
+thing	O
+'	O
+in	O
+the	O
+IT	O
+industry	O
+;	O
+-LRB-	O
+e	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+the	O
+`	O
+fourth	O
+generation	O
+'	O
+of	O
+computer	O
+professionals	O
+inherited	O
+the	O
+spirit	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+and	O
+control	O
+that	O
+resided	O
+by	O
+necessity	O
+with	O
+the	O
+last	O
+`	O
+generation	O
+'	O
+,	O
+the	O
+professionals	O
+who	O
+developed	O
+and	O
+created	O
+the	O
+applications	O
+for	O
+shared	O
+mainframe	O
+and	O
+minicomputer	O
+systems	O
+?	O
+
+Teaching	O
+modeling	B-KEY
+in	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+This	O
+essay	O
+discusses	O
+how	O
+we	O
+can	O
+most	O
+effectively	O
+teach	O
+Management	B-KEY
+Science	I-KEY
+to	O
+students	O
+in	O
+MBA	O
+or	O
+similar	O
+programs	O
+who	O
+will	O
+be	O
+,	O
+at	O
+best	O
+,	O
+part-time	O
+practitioners	O
+of	O
+these	O
+arts	O
+.	O
+I	O
+take	O
+as	O
+a	O
+working	O
+hypothesis	O
+the	O
+radical	O
+proposition	O
+that	O
+the	O
+heart	O
+of	O
+Management	B-KEY
+Science	I-KEY
+itself	O
+is	O
+not	O
+the	O
+impressive	O
+array	O
+of	O
+tools	O
+that	O
+have	O
+been	O
+built	O
+up	O
+over	O
+the	O
+years	O
+-LRB-	O
+optimization	O
+,	O
+simulation	O
+,	O
+decision	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+,	O
+queuing	O
+,	O
+and	O
+so	O
+on	O
+-RRB-	O
+but	O
+rather	O
+the	O
+art	O
+of	O
+reasoning	O
+logically	O
+with	O
+formal	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+.	O
+I	O
+believe	O
+it	O
+is	O
+necessary	O
+with	O
+this	O
+group	O
+of	O
+students	O
+to	O
+teach	O
+basic	O
+modeling	B-KEY
+skills	O
+,	O
+and	O
+in	O
+fact	O
+it	O
+is	O
+only	O
+when	O
+such	O
+students	O
+have	O
+these	O
+basic	O
+skills	O
+as	O
+a	O
+foundation	O
+that	O
+they	O
+are	O
+prepared	O
+to	O
+acquire	O
+the	O
+more	O
+sophisticated	O
+skills	O
+needed	O
+to	O
+employ	O
+Management	B-KEY
+Science	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+I	O
+present	O
+a	O
+hierarchy	O
+of	O
+modeling	B-KEY
+skills	O
+,	O
+from	O
+numeracy	B-KEY
+skills	I-KEY
+through	O
+sophisticated	O
+Management	B-KEY
+Science	I-KEY
+skills	O
+,	O
+as	O
+a	O
+framework	O
+within	O
+which	O
+to	O
+plan	O
+courses	O
+for	O
+the	O
+occasional	O
+practitioner	O
+
+Correlation	O
+of	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+by	O
+centroid	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+method	O
+to	O
+calculate	O
+the	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+coefficient	I-KEY
+of	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+by	O
+means	O
+of	O
+``	O
+centroid	O
+''	O
+.	O
+This	O
+value	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+our	O
+formula	O
+tell	O
+us	O
+not	O
+only	O
+the	O
+strength	O
+of	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+whether	O
+the	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+are	O
+positively	O
+or	O
+negatively	O
+related	O
+.	O
+This	O
+approach	O
+looks	O
+better	O
+than	O
+previous	O
+methods	O
+which	O
+only	O
+evaluate	O
+the	O
+strength	O
+of	O
+the	O
+relation	O
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+we	O
+extend	O
+the	O
+``	O
+centroid	O
+''	O
+method	O
+to	O
+interval-valued	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+value	O
+of	O
+the	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+coefficient	I-KEY
+between	O
+interval-valued	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+lies	O
+in	O
+the	O
+interval	O
+-LSB-	O
+-1	O
+,	O
+1	O
+-RSB-	O
+,	O
+as	O
+computed	O
+from	O
+our	O
+formula	O
+
+Extended	B-KEY
+depth-of-focus	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+of	O
+chlorophyll	B-KEY
+fluorescence	I-KEY
+from	O
+intact	B-KEY
+leaves	I-KEY
+Imaging	O
+dynamic	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+chlorophyll	O
+a	O
+fluorescence	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+valuable	O
+means	O
+with	O
+which	O
+to	O
+examine	O
+localised	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+photosynthetic	O
+function	O
+.	O
+Microscope-based	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+provide	O
+excellent	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+resolution	I-KEY
+which	O
+allows	O
+the	O
+response	O
+of	O
+individual	O
+cells	O
+to	O
+be	O
+measured	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+such	O
+systems	O
+have	O
+a	O
+restricted	O
+depth	O
+of	O
+focus	O
+and	O
+,	O
+as	O
+leaves	O
+are	O
+inherently	O
+uneven	O
+,	O
+only	O
+a	O
+small	O
+proportion	O
+of	O
+each	O
+image	O
+at	O
+any	O
+given	O
+focal	O
+plane	O
+is	O
+in	O
+focus	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+report	O
+we	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+algorithms	O
+,	O
+specifically	O
+adapted	O
+for	O
+imaging	O
+chlorophyll	B-KEY
+fluorescence	I-KEY
+and	O
+photosynthetic	O
+function	O
+in	O
+living	O
+plant	O
+cells	O
+,	O
+which	O
+allow	O
+extended-focus	O
+images	O
+to	O
+be	O
+reconstructed	O
+from	O
+images	O
+taken	O
+in	O
+different	O
+focal	O
+planes	O
+.	O
+We	O
+describe	O
+how	O
+these	O
+procedures	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+reconstruct	O
+images	O
+of	O
+chlorophyll	B-KEY
+fluorescence	I-KEY
+and	O
+calculated	B-KEY
+photosynthetic	I-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+producing	O
+a	O
+map	O
+of	O
+leaf	O
+topology	O
+.	O
+The	O
+robustness	O
+of	O
+this	O
+procedure	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+using	O
+leaves	O
+from	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+different	O
+plant	B-KEY
+species	I-KEY
+
+Modelling	O
+user	O
+acceptance	O
+of	O
+building	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+This	O
+study	O
+examines	O
+user	O
+acceptance	O
+of	O
+building	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+BMS	O
+-RRB-	O
+using	O
+a	O
+questionnaire	B-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+systems	O
+are	O
+crucial	O
+for	O
+optimising	O
+building	O
+performance	O
+and	O
+yet	O
+it	O
+has	O
+been	O
+widely	O
+reported	O
+that	O
+users	O
+are	O
+not	O
+making	O
+full	O
+use	O
+of	O
+their	O
+systems	O
+'	O
+facilities	O
+.	O
+Established	O
+models	O
+of	O
+technology	O
+acceptance	O
+have	O
+been	O
+employed	O
+in	O
+this	O
+research	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+positive	O
+influence	O
+of	O
+user	B-KEY
+perceptions	I-KEY
+of	O
+ease	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+use	I-KEY
+and	O
+compatibility	B-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+demonstrated	O
+.	O
+Previous	O
+research	O
+has	O
+indicated	O
+differing	O
+levels	O
+of	O
+importance	O
+of	O
+perceived	O
+ease	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+use	I-KEY
+relative	O
+to	O
+other	O
+factors	O
+.	O
+Here	O
+,	O
+perceived	O
+ease	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+use	I-KEY
+is	O
+shown	O
+generally	O
+to	O
+be	O
+more	O
+important	O
+,	O
+though	O
+the	O
+balance	O
+between	O
+this	O
+and	O
+compatibility	B-KEY
+is	O
+moderated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+user	B-KEY
+perceptions	I-KEY
+of	O
+voluntariness	B-KEY
+
+Hybrid	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+space	B-KEY
+plasmas	I-KEY
+:	O
+models	O
+with	O
+massless	B-KEY
+fluid	I-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+of	O
+electrons	O
+.	O
+IV	O
+.	O
+Kelvin-Helmholtz	B-KEY
+instability	I-KEY
+For	O
+pt.III	O
+.	O
+see	O
+Prikl	O
+.	O
+Mat	O
+.	O
+Informatika	O
+,	O
+MAKS	O
+Press	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+4	O
+,	O
+p.	O
+5-56	O
+-LRB-	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+a	O
+survey	O
+of	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+on	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+Kelvin-Helmholtz	B-KEY
+instability	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+start	O
+with	O
+a	O
+brief	O
+review	O
+of	O
+the	O
+theory	O
+:	O
+the	O
+simplest	O
+model	O
+of	O
+the	O
+instability	O
+-	O
+a	O
+transition	B-KEY
+layer	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+a	O
+tangential	B-KEY
+discontinuity	I-KEY
+;	O
+compressibility	O
+of	O
+the	O
+medium	O
+;	O
+finite	O
+size	O
+of	O
+the	O
+velocity	O
+shear	O
+region	O
+;	O
+pressure	B-KEY
+anisotropy	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+then	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+electromagnetic	B-KEY
+hybrid	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+ions	O
+as	O
+particles	O
+and	O
+electrons	O
+as	O
+a	O
+massless	O
+fluid	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+the	O
+main	O
+numerical	O
+schemes	O
+.	O
+We	O
+review	O
+the	O
+studies	O
+on	O
+two-dimensional	O
+and	O
+three-dimensional	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+particle	O
+mixing	O
+across	O
+the	O
+magnetopause	O
+shear	O
+layer	O
+driven	O
+by	O
+the	O
+onset	O
+of	O
+a	O
+Kelvin-Helmholtz	O
+instability	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+concludes	O
+with	O
+a	O
+survey	O
+of	O
+literature	O
+on	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+Kelvin-Helmholtz	B-KEY
+instability	I-KEY
+in	O
+finite-size	O
+objects	O
+:	O
+jets	O
+moving	O
+across	O
+the	O
+magnetic	O
+field	O
+in	O
+the	O
+middle	O
+of	O
+the	O
+field	B-KEY
+reversal	I-KEY
+layer	I-KEY
+;	O
+interaction	O
+between	O
+a	O
+magnetized	B-KEY
+plasma	I-KEY
+flow	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+cylindrical	B-KEY
+plasma	I-KEY
+source	I-KEY
+with	O
+zero	O
+own	O
+magnetic	O
+field	O
+
+The	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+asynchronous	B-KEY
+computer-mediated	I-KEY
+group	I-KEY
+interaction	I-KEY
+on	O
+group	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+reports	O
+a	O
+study	O
+undertaken	O
+to	O
+investigate	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+social	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+processes	O
+underlying	O
+computer-supported	O
+group	O
+discussion	O
+in	O
+natural	O
+computer-mediated	O
+contexts	O
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+deindividuation	B-KEY
+,	O
+it	O
+was	O
+hypothesized	O
+that	O
+personal	B-KEY
+identifiability	I-KEY
+and	O
+group	B-KEY
+identity	I-KEY
+would	O
+be	O
+important	O
+factors	O
+that	O
+affect	O
+the	O
+perceptions	O
+and	O
+behavior	O
+of	O
+members	O
+of	O
+computer-mediated	O
+groups	O
+.	O
+The	O
+degree	O
+of	O
+personal	B-KEY
+identifiability	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+strength	O
+of	O
+group	B-KEY
+identity	I-KEY
+were	O
+manipulated	O
+across	O
+groups	O
+of	O
+geographically	B-KEY
+dispersed	I-KEY
+computer	I-KEY
+users	I-KEY
+who	O
+took	O
+part	O
+in	O
+e-mail	B-KEY
+discussions	I-KEY
+during	O
+a	O
+2-week	O
+period	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+do	O
+not	O
+support	O
+the	O
+association	O
+between	O
+deindividuation	B-KEY
+and	O
+uninhibited	O
+behavior	O
+cited	O
+in	O
+much	O
+previous	O
+research	O
+.	O
+Instead	O
+,	O
+the	O
+data	O
+provide	O
+some	O
+support	O
+for	O
+a	O
+social	O
+identity	O
+perspective	O
+of	O
+computer-mediated	O
+communication	O
+,	O
+which	O
+explains	O
+the	O
+higher	O
+levels	O
+uninhibited	O
+in	O
+identifiable	O
+computer-mediated	O
+groups	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+predictions	O
+based	O
+on	O
+social	B-KEY
+identity	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+regarding	O
+group	B-KEY
+polarization	I-KEY
+and	O
+group	B-KEY
+cohesion	I-KEY
+were	O
+not	O
+supported	O
+.	O
+Possible	O
+explanations	O
+for	O
+this	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+and	O
+further	O
+research	O
+is	O
+suggested	O
+to	O
+resolve	O
+these	O
+discrepancies	O
+
+Recording	O
+quantum	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+light	O
+in	O
+a	O
+long-lived	B-KEY
+atomic	I-KEY
+spin	I-KEY
+state	I-KEY
+:	O
+towards	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+memory	I-KEY
+We	O
+report	O
+an	O
+experiment	O
+on	O
+mapping	O
+a	O
+quantum	O
+state	O
+of	O
+light	O
+onto	O
+the	O
+ground	B-KEY
+state	I-KEY
+spin	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+ensemble	B-KEY
+of	O
+Cs	B-KEY
+atoms	O
+with	O
+the	O
+lifetime	O
+of	O
+2	O
+ms.	O
+Recording	O
+of	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+two	O
+quadrature	O
+phase	O
+operators	O
+of	O
+light	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+with	O
+vacuum	O
+and	O
+squeezed	O
+states	O
+of	O
+light	O
+.	O
+The	O
+sensitivity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+mapping	B-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+at	O
+the	O
+level	O
+of	O
+approximately	O
+1	O
+photon/sec	O
+per	O
+Hz	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+pave	O
+the	O
+road	O
+towards	O
+complete	O
+-LRB-	O
+storing	O
+both	O
+quadrature	O
+phase	O
+observables	O
+-RRB-	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+memory	I-KEY
+for	O
+Gaussian	O
+states	O
+of	O
+light	O
+.	O
+The	O
+experiment	O
+also	O
+sheds	O
+new	O
+light	O
+on	O
+fundamental	O
+limits	O
+of	O
+sensitivity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+magneto-optical	O
+resonance	O
+method	O
+
+Optical	B-KEY
+recognition	I-KEY
+of	O
+three-dimensional	O
+objects	O
+with	O
+scale	B-KEY
+invariance	I-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+classical	O
+convergent	O
+correlator	O
+We	O
+present	O
+a	O
+real-time	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+for	O
+recognizing	O
+three-dimensional	O
+-LRB-	O
+3-D	O
+-RRB-	O
+objects	O
+with	O
+scale	B-KEY
+invariance	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+3-D	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+objects	O
+is	O
+codified	O
+in	O
+deformed	B-KEY
+fringe	I-KEY
+patterns	I-KEY
+using	O
+the	O
+Fourier	B-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+profilometry	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+and	O
+is	O
+correlated	O
+using	O
+a	O
+classical	B-KEY
+convergent	I-KEY
+correlator	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+scale	B-KEY
+invariance	I-KEY
+property	O
+is	O
+achieved	O
+using	O
+two	O
+different	O
+approaches	O
+:	O
+the	O
+Mellin	O
+radial	O
+harmonic	O
+decomposition	O
+and	O
+the	O
+logarithmic	O
+radial	O
+harmonic	O
+filter	O
+.	O
+Thus	O
+,	O
+the	O
+method	O
+is	O
+invariant	B-KEY
+for	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+scale	O
+of	O
+the	O
+3-D	O
+target	O
+within	O
+a	O
+defined	O
+interval	O
+of	O
+scale	B-KEY
+factors	I-KEY
+.	O
+Experimental	O
+results	O
+show	O
+the	O
+utility	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+
+Designing	O
+a	O
+screening	B-KEY
+experiment	I-KEY
+for	O
+highly	B-KEY
+reliable	I-KEY
+products	I-KEY
+Within	O
+a	O
+reasonable	O
+life-testing	O
+time	O
+,	O
+how	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+reliability	O
+of	O
+highly	B-KEY
+reliable	I-KEY
+products	I-KEY
+is	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+great	O
+challenges	O
+.	O
+By	O
+using	O
+a	O
+resolution	O
+III	O
+experiment	O
+together	O
+with	O
+degradation	B-KEY
+test	I-KEY
+,	O
+Tseng	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+-LRB-	O
+1995	O
+-RRB-	O
+presented	O
+a	O
+case	O
+study	O
+of	O
+improving	O
+the	O
+reliability	O
+of	O
+fluorescent	B-KEY
+lamps	I-KEY
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+in	O
+conducting	O
+such	O
+an	O
+experiment	O
+,	O
+they	O
+did	O
+not	O
+address	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+how	O
+to	O
+choose	O
+the	O
+optimal	O
+settings	O
+of	O
+variables	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+sample	O
+size	O
+,	O
+inspection	B-KEY
+frequency	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+termination	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+for	O
+each	O
+run	O
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+influential	O
+to	O
+the	O
+correct	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+significant	O
+factors	O
+and	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+cost	O
+.	O
+Assuming	O
+that	O
+the	O
+product	O
+'s	O
+degradation	O
+paths	O
+satisfy	O
+Wiener	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+proposes	O
+a	O
+systematic	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+aforementioned	O
+problem	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+an	O
+identification	B-KEY
+rule	I-KEY
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+Next	O
+,	O
+under	O
+the	O
+constraints	O
+of	O
+a	O
+minimum	B-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+correct	I-KEY
+decision	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+maximum	B-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+incorrect	I-KEY
+decision	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+identification	B-KEY
+rule	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+optimum	O
+test	O
+plan	O
+can	O
+be	O
+obtained	O
+by	O
+minimizing	O
+the	O
+total	O
+experimental	O
+cost	O
+.	O
+An	O
+example	O
+is	O
+provided	O
+to	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+
+Data	O
+storage	O
+:	O
+re-format	O
+.	O
+Closely	O
+tracking	O
+a	O
+fast-moving	O
+sector	O
+In	O
+the	O
+past	O
+few	O
+years	O
+the	O
+data	B-KEY
+center	I-KEY
+market	O
+has	O
+changed	O
+dramatically	O
+,	O
+forcing	O
+many	O
+companies	O
+into	O
+consolidation	O
+or	O
+bankruptcy	O
+.	O
+Gone	O
+are	O
+the	O
+days	O
+when	O
+companies	O
+raised	O
+millions	O
+of	O
+dollars	O
+to	O
+acquire	O
+large	O
+industrial	O
+buildings	O
+and	O
+transform	O
+them	O
+into	O
+glittering	O
+,	O
+high-tech	O
+palaces	O
+filled	O
+with	O
+the	O
+latest	O
+telecommunication	O
+and	O
+data	O
+technology	O
+.	O
+Whereas	O
+manufacturers	O
+of	O
+communication	O
+technology	O
+deliver	O
+the	O
+racked	O
+equipment	O
+in	O
+these	O
+,	O
+often	O
+mission-critical	O
+,	O
+facilities	O
+,	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+focuses	O
+mainly	O
+on	O
+the	O
+building	B-KEY
+infrastructure	I-KEY
+.	O
+Besides	O
+the	O
+very	O
+important	O
+redundant	B-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+supply	I-KEY
+,	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+also	O
+provides	O
+the	O
+redundant	B-KEY
+air	I-KEY
+conditioning	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+security	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+
+On	O
+batch-constructing	O
+B/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+-	O
+trees	O
+:	O
+algorithm	O
+and	O
+its	O
+performance	O
+evaluation	O
+Efficient	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+indexes	O
+is	O
+very	O
+important	O
+in	O
+bulk-loading	O
+a	O
+database	O
+or	O
+adding	O
+a	O
+new	O
+index	O
+to	O
+an	O
+existing	O
+database	O
+since	O
+both	O
+of	O
+them	O
+should	O
+handle	O
+an	O
+enormous	O
+volume	O
+of	O
+data	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+an	O
+algorithm	O
+for	O
+batch-constructing	O
+the	O
+B/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+-	O
+tree	O
+,	O
+the	O
+most	O
+widely	O
+used	O
+index	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+in	O
+database	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+characteristic	O
+of	O
+our	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+to	O
+simultaneously	O
+process	O
+all	O
+the	O
+key	O
+values	O
+to	O
+be	O
+placed	O
+on	O
+each	O
+B	O
++	O
+-	O
+tree	O
+page	O
+when	O
+accessing	O
+the	O
+page	O
+.	O
+This	O
+avoids	O
+the	O
+overhead	O
+due	O
+to	O
+accessing	O
+the	O
+same	O
+page	O
+multiple	O
+times	O
+,	O
+which	O
+results	O
+from	O
+applying	O
+the	O
+B	O
++	O
+-	O
+tree	O
+insertion	O
+algorithm	O
+repeatedly	O
+.	O
+For	O
+performance	O
+evaluation	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+analyzed	O
+our	O
+algorithm	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+disk	B-KEY
+accesses	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+disk	B-KEY
+accesses	I-KEY
+excluding	O
+those	O
+in	O
+the	O
+relocation	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+is	O
+identical	O
+to	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+pages	O
+belonging	O
+to	O
+the	O
+B/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+-	O
+tree	O
+.	O
+Considering	O
+that	O
+the	O
+relocation	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+is	O
+an	O
+unavoidable	O
+preprocessing	O
+step	O
+for	O
+batch-constructing	O
+of	O
+B/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+-	O
+trees	O
+,	O
+our	O
+algorithm	O
+requires	O
+just	O
+one	O
+disk	B-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+per	O
+B	O
++	O
+-	O
+tree	O
+page	O
+,	O
+and	O
+therefore	O
+turns	O
+out	O
+to	O
+be	O
+optimal	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+present	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+tendency	O
+in	O
+relation	O
+with	O
+different	O
+parameter	O
+values	O
+via	O
+simulation	B-KEY
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+we	O
+show	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+enhancement	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+our	O
+algorithm	O
+,	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+the	O
+one	O
+using	O
+repeated	O
+insertions	O
+through	O
+experiments	O
+
+Three-dimensional	O
+optimum	O
+design	O
+of	O
+the	O
+cooling	O
+lines	O
+of	O
+injection	B-KEY
+moulds	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+boundary	O
+element	O
+design	O
+sensitivity	O
+analysis	O
+A	O
+three-dimensional	O
+numerical	O
+simulation	O
+using	O
+the	O
+boundary	B-KEY
+element	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+is	O
+proposed	O
+,	O
+which	O
+can	O
+predict	O
+the	O
+cavity	B-KEY
+temperature	I-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+cooling	B-KEY
+stage	I-KEY
+of	O
+injection	B-KEY
+moulding	I-KEY
+.	O
+Then	O
+,	O
+choosing	O
+the	O
+radii	O
+and	O
+positions	O
+of	O
+cooling	O
+lines	O
+as	O
+design	O
+variables	O
+,	O
+the	O
+boundary	O
+integral	O
+sensitivity	O
+formulations	O
+are	O
+deduced	O
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+optimum	O
+design	O
+of	O
+cooling	O
+lines	O
+,	O
+the	O
+squared	O
+difference	O
+between	O
+the	O
+objective	O
+temperature	O
+and	O
+temperature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+cavity	O
+is	O
+taken	O
+as	O
+the	O
+objective	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+techniques	O
+with	O
+design	O
+sensitivity	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+an	O
+iterative	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+to	O
+reach	O
+the	O
+minimum	O
+value	O
+of	O
+the	O
+objective	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+is	O
+introduced	O
+,	O
+which	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+the	O
+optimum	O
+design	O
+of	O
+cooling	O
+lines	O
+at	O
+the	O
+same	O
+time	O
+
+Relativistic	B-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+distinguishability	O
+of	O
+orthogonal	B-KEY
+quantum	I-KEY
+states	I-KEY
+The	O
+constraints	O
+imposed	O
+by	O
+special	B-KEY
+relativity	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+distinguishability	O
+of	O
+quantum	O
+states	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+An	O
+explicit	O
+expression	O
+relating	O
+the	O
+probability	O
+of	O
+an	O
+error	O
+in	O
+distinguishing	O
+two	O
+orthogonal	B-KEY
+single-photon	I-KEY
+states	I-KEY
+to	O
+their	O
+structure	O
+,	O
+the	O
+time	O
+t	O
+at	O
+which	O
+a	O
+measurement	O
+starts	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+interval	O
+of	O
+time	O
+T	O
+elapsed	O
+from	O
+the	O
+start	O
+of	O
+the	O
+measurement	O
+until	O
+the	O
+time	O
+at	O
+which	O
+the	O
+outcome	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+by	O
+an	O
+observer	B-KEY
+is	O
+given	O
+as	O
+an	O
+example	O
+
+Geometrically	B-KEY
+invariant	I-KEY
+watermarking	I-KEY
+using	O
+feature	B-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+new	O
+approach	O
+for	O
+watermarking	O
+of	O
+digital	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+providing	O
+robustness	O
+to	O
+geometrical	B-KEY
+distortions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+weaknesses	O
+of	O
+classical	O
+watermarking	O
+methods	O
+to	O
+geometrical	B-KEY
+distortions	I-KEY
+are	O
+outlined	O
+first	O
+.	O
+Geometrical	B-KEY
+distortions	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+decomposed	O
+into	O
+two	O
+classes	O
+:	O
+global	B-KEY
+transformations	I-KEY
+such	O
+as	O
+rotations	O
+and	O
+translations	O
+and	O
+local	O
+transformations	O
+such	O
+as	O
+the	O
+StirMark	O
+attack	O
+.	O
+An	O
+overview	O
+of	O
+existing	O
+self-synchronizing	B-KEY
+schemes	I-KEY
+is	O
+then	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+Theses	O
+schemes	O
+can	O
+use	O
+periodical	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+mark	O
+,	O
+invariant	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+transforms	B-KEY
+,	O
+template	B-KEY
+insertion	I-KEY
+,	O
+or	O
+information	O
+provided	O
+by	O
+the	O
+original	O
+image	O
+to	O
+counter	O
+geometrical	B-KEY
+distortions	I-KEY
+.	O
+Thereafter	O
+,	O
+a	O
+new	O
+class	O
+of	O
+watermarking	O
+schemes	O
+using	O
+the	O
+image	B-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+an	O
+embedding	B-KEY
+and	O
+detection	B-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+where	O
+the	O
+mark	O
+is	O
+bound	O
+with	O
+a	O
+content	B-KEY
+descriptor	I-KEY
+defined	O
+by	O
+salient	O
+points	O
+.	O
+Three	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+feature	B-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+are	O
+studied	O
+and	O
+their	O
+robustness	O
+to	O
+geometrical	O
+transformations	B-KEY
+is	O
+evaluated	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+an	O
+enhanced	O
+detector	O
+.	O
+The	O
+embedding	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+signature	O
+is	O
+done	O
+by	O
+extracting	O
+feature	B-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+image	O
+and	O
+performing	O
+a	O
+Delaunay	B-KEY
+tessellation	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+set	O
+of	O
+points	O
+.	O
+The	O
+mark	O
+is	O
+embedded	B-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+classical	O
+additive	B-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+inside	O
+each	O
+triangle	O
+of	O
+the	O
+tessellation	O
+.	O
+The	O
+detection	O
+is	O
+done	O
+using	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+different	O
+triangles	O
+.	O
+The	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+presented	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+evaluated	O
+after	O
+JPEG	B-KEY
+compression	I-KEY
+,	O
+geometrical	B-KEY
+attack	I-KEY
+and	O
+transformations	B-KEY
+.	O
+Results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+fact	O
+that	O
+the	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+robust	O
+to	O
+these	O
+different	O
+manipulations	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+in	O
+our	O
+concluding	O
+remarks	O
+,	O
+we	O
+analyze	O
+the	O
+different	O
+perspectives	O
+of	O
+such	O
+content-based	O
+watermarking	O
+scheme	O
+
+Fresh	O
+voices	O
+,	O
+big	O
+ideas	O
+-LSB-	O
+IBM	O
+internship	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+IBM	O
+is	O
+matching	O
+up	O
+computer-science	O
+and	O
+MBA	O
+students	O
+with	O
+its	O
+business	O
+managers	O
+in	O
+an	O
+11-week	O
+summer	O
+internship	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+and	O
+challenging	O
+them	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+innovative	O
+technology	O
+ideas	O
+
+Using	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+equivalence	I-KEY
+numbers	I-KEY
+to	O
+visually	O
+explore	O
+structural	B-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+that	O
+distinguish	O
+chemical	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+A	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+equivalence	I-KEY
+number	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+meqnum	O
+-RRB-	O
+classifies	O
+a	O
+molecule	O
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+structural	B-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+or	O
+topological	B-KEY
+shapes	I-KEY
+such	O
+as	O
+its	O
+cyclic	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+or	O
+its	O
+set	O
+of	O
+functional	B-KEY
+groups	I-KEY
+.	O
+Meqnums	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+organize	O
+molecular	O
+structures	O
+into	O
+nonoverlapping	O
+,	O
+yet	O
+highly	O
+relatable	O
+classes	O
+.	O
+We	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+some	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+meqnums	O
+and	O
+present	O
+via	O
+examples	O
+some	O
+methods	O
+of	O
+comparing	O
+diverse	O
+chemical	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+meqnums	O
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+examples	O
+we	O
+compare	O
+a	O
+library	O
+which	O
+is	O
+a	O
+random	O
+sample	O
+from	O
+the	O
+MDL	B-KEY
+Drug	I-KEY
+Data	I-KEY
+Report	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MDDR	O
+-RRB-	O
+with	O
+a	O
+library	O
+which	O
+is	O
+a	O
+random	O
+sample	O
+from	O
+the	O
+Available	B-KEY
+Chemical	I-KEY
+Directory	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+ACD	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+In	O
+our	O
+analyses	O
+,	O
+we	O
+discover	O
+some	O
+interesting	O
+features	O
+of	O
+the	O
+topological	B-KEY
+shape	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+molecule	O
+and	O
+its	O
+set	O
+of	O
+functional	B-KEY
+groups	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+strongly	O
+linked	O
+with	O
+compounds	O
+occurring	O
+in	O
+the	O
+MDDR	O
+but	O
+not	O
+in	O
+the	O
+ACD	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+utility	O
+of	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+equivalence	I-KEY
+indices	I-KEY
+in	O
+delineating	O
+the	O
+structural	O
+domain	O
+over	O
+which	O
+an	O
+SAR	O
+conclusion	O
+is	O
+valid	O
+
+Integrating	O
+virtual	O
+and	O
+physical	O
+context	O
+to	O
+support	O
+knowledge	B-KEY
+workers	I-KEY
+The	O
+Kimura	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+augments	O
+and	O
+integrates	O
+independent	O
+tools	O
+into	O
+a	O
+pervasive	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+system	O
+that	O
+monitors	O
+a	O
+user	O
+'s	O
+interactions	O
+with	O
+the	O
+computer	O
+,	O
+an	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+whiteboard	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+variety	O
+of	O
+networked	B-KEY
+peripheral	I-KEY
+devices	I-KEY
+and	O
+data	B-KEY
+sources	I-KEY
+
+An	O
+inverse	B-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+model	O
+of	O
+a	O
+hierarchical	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+We	O
+consider	O
+the	O
+inverse	B-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+the	O
+coefficient	O
+in	O
+a	O
+parabolic	B-KEY
+equation	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+model	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+functioning	O
+of	O
+a	O
+hierarchical	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+;	O
+it	O
+is	O
+also	O
+relevant	O
+for	O
+heat-conduction	B-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+.	O
+Unique	B-KEY
+solvability	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+inverse	B-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+is	O
+proved	O
+
+Noise	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+on	O
+memory	B-KEY
+recall	I-KEY
+in	O
+dynamical	B-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+hippocampus	B-KEY
+We	O
+investigate	O
+some	O
+noise	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+neural	O
+network	O
+model	O
+proposed	O
+by	O
+Araki	O
+and	O
+Aihara	O
+-LRB-	O
+1998	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+the	O
+memory	B-KEY
+recall	I-KEY
+of	O
+dynamical	B-KEY
+patterns	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+hippocampus	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+entorhinal	B-KEY
+cortex	I-KEY
+;	O
+the	O
+noise	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+is	O
+important	O
+since	O
+the	O
+release	O
+of	O
+transmitters	O
+at	O
+synaptic	B-KEY
+clefts	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+operation	O
+of	O
+gate	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+ion	I-KEY
+channels	I-KEY
+and	O
+so	O
+on	O
+are	O
+known	O
+as	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+phenomena	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+consider	O
+two	O
+kinds	O
+of	O
+noise	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+due	O
+to	O
+a	O
+deterministic	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+.	O
+By	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+simulations	I-KEY
+,	O
+we	O
+find	O
+that	O
+reasonable	O
+values	O
+of	O
+noise	O
+give	O
+better	O
+performance	O
+on	O
+the	O
+memory	B-KEY
+recall	I-KEY
+of	O
+dynamical	B-KEY
+patterns	I-KEY
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+we	O
+investigate	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+the	O
+strength	O
+of	O
+external	O
+inputs	O
+on	O
+the	O
+memory	B-KEY
+recall	I-KEY
+
+A	O
+server-side	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+for	O
+delivering	O
+experiments	O
+with	O
+animations	O
+A	O
+server-side	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+for	O
+animation	O
+experiments	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+is	O
+capable	O
+of	O
+delivering	O
+an	O
+experiment	O
+composed	O
+of	O
+discrete	B-KEY
+animation	I-KEY
+sequences	I-KEY
+in	O
+various	O
+file	B-KEY
+formats	I-KEY
+,	O
+collecting	O
+a	O
+discrete	O
+or	O
+continuous	O
+response	O
+from	O
+the	O
+observer	O
+,	O
+evaluating	O
+the	O
+appropriateness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+response	O
+,	O
+and	O
+ensuring	O
+that	O
+the	O
+user	O
+is	O
+not	O
+proceeding	O
+at	O
+an	O
+unreasonable	O
+rate	O
+.	O
+Most	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+the	O
+program	O
+are	O
+controllable	O
+by	O
+experimenter-edited	B-KEY
+text	I-KEY
+files	I-KEY
+or	O
+simple	O
+switches	O
+in	O
+the	O
+program	O
+code	O
+,	O
+thereby	O
+minimizing	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+programming	O
+to	O
+create	O
+new	O
+experiments	O
+.	O
+A	O
+simple	O
+demonstration	O
+experiment	O
+is	O
+discussed	O
+and	O
+is	O
+freely	O
+available	O
+
+In	O
+search	O
+of	O
+a	O
+general	B-KEY
+enterprise	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+Many	O
+organisations	O
+,	O
+particularly	O
+SMEs	B-KEY
+,	O
+are	O
+reluctant	O
+to	O
+invest	O
+time	O
+and	O
+money	O
+in	O
+models	O
+to	O
+support	O
+decision	B-KEY
+making	I-KEY
+.	O
+Such	O
+reluctance	O
+could	O
+be	O
+overcome	O
+if	O
+a	O
+model	O
+could	O
+be	O
+used	O
+for	O
+several	O
+purposes	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+using	O
+a	O
+traditional	O
+``	O
+single	O
+perspective	O
+''	O
+model	O
+.	O
+This	O
+requires	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+a	O
+``	O
+general	B-KEY
+enterprise	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+''	O
+-LRB-	O
+GEM	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+which	O
+can	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+range	O
+of	O
+problem	B-KEY
+domains	I-KEY
+with	O
+unlimited	O
+scope	O
+.	O
+Current	O
+enterprise	B-KEY
+modelling	I-KEY
+frameworks	I-KEY
+only	O
+deal	O
+effectively	O
+with	O
+nondynamic	O
+modelling	O
+issues	O
+whilst	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+modelling	I-KEY
+issues	I-KEY
+have	O
+traditionally	O
+only	O
+been	O
+addressed	O
+at	O
+the	O
+operational	B-KEY
+level	I-KEY
+.	O
+Although	O
+the	O
+majority	O
+of	O
+research	O
+in	O
+this	O
+area	O
+relates	O
+to	O
+manufacturing	O
+companies	O
+,	O
+the	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+a	O
+GEM	B-KEY
+must	O
+be	O
+equally	O
+applicable	O
+to	O
+service	O
+and	O
+public	B-KEY
+sector	I-KEY
+organisations	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+identifies	O
+five	O
+key	O
+design	O
+issues	O
+that	O
+need	O
+to	O
+be	O
+considered	O
+when	O
+constructing	O
+a	O
+GEM	B-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+such	O
+a	O
+GEM	B-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+``	O
+plug	O
+and	O
+play	O
+''	O
+methodology	O
+and	O
+demonstrated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+case	B-KEY
+study	I-KEY
+
+Pattern	B-KEY
+recognition	I-KEY
+strategies	I-KEY
+for	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+surfaces	I-KEY
+.	O
+I.	O
+Pattern	B-KEY
+generation	I-KEY
+using	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+A	O
+new	O
+method	O
+for	O
+the	O
+characterization	O
+of	O
+molecules	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+model	B-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+of	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+surfaces	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+We	O
+use	O
+the	O
+topographical	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+surface	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+the	O
+electrostatic	B-KEY
+potential	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+local	B-KEY
+lipophilicity/hydrophilicity	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+hydrogen	O
+bond	O
+density	O
+on	O
+the	O
+surface	O
+for	O
+characterization	O
+.	O
+The	O
+definition	O
+and	O
+the	O
+calculation	O
+method	O
+for	O
+these	O
+properties	O
+are	O
+reviewed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+surface	O
+is	O
+segmented	O
+into	O
+overlapping	B-KEY
+patches	I-KEY
+with	O
+similar	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+patches	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+represent	O
+the	O
+characteristic	O
+local	B-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+molecule	O
+in	O
+a	O
+way	O
+that	O
+is	O
+beyond	O
+the	O
+atomistic	B-KEY
+resolution	I-KEY
+but	O
+can	O
+nevertheless	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+for	O
+the	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+partial	B-KEY
+similarities	I-KEY
+of	O
+different	O
+molecules	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+for	O
+the	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+complementarity	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+very	O
+general	O
+sense	O
+.	O
+The	O
+patch	B-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+for	O
+different	O
+applications	O
+,	O
+which	O
+will	O
+be	O
+demonstrated	O
+in	O
+subsequent	O
+articles	O
+
+An	O
+algorithm	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+all	O
+spanning	B-KEY
+trees	I-KEY
+with	O
+flow	O
+Spanning	B-KEY
+tree	I-KEY
+enumeration	O
+in	O
+undirected	B-KEY
+graphs	I-KEY
+is	O
+an	O
+important	O
+issue	O
+and	O
+task	O
+in	O
+many	O
+problems	O
+encountered	O
+in	O
+computer	O
+network	O
+and	O
+circuit	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+spanning	B-KEY
+tree	I-KEY
+with	O
+flow	O
+for	O
+the	O
+case	O
+that	O
+there	O
+are	O
+flow	O
+requirements	O
+between	O
+each	O
+node	O
+pair	O
+.	O
+An	O
+algorithm	O
+based	O
+on	O
+minimal	B-KEY
+paths	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MPs	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+all	O
+spanning	B-KEY
+trees	I-KEY
+without	O
+flow	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+a	O
+structured	O
+approach	O
+,	O
+which	O
+splits	O
+the	O
+system	O
+into	O
+structural	O
+MPs	O
+first	O
+,	O
+and	O
+also	O
+all	O
+steps	O
+in	O
+it	O
+are	O
+easy	O
+to	O
+follow	O
+
+Horizontal	O
+waypoint	O
+guidance	O
+design	O
+using	O
+optimal	O
+control	O
+A	O
+horizontal	B-KEY
+waypoint	I-KEY
+guidance	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+is	O
+proposed	O
+by	O
+applying	O
+line-following	B-KEY
+guidance	I-KEY
+to	O
+waypoint	B-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+segments	I-KEY
+in	O
+sequence	O
+.	O
+The	O
+line-following	B-KEY
+guidance	I-KEY
+is	O
+designed	O
+using	O
+an	O
+LQR	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+linear	B-KEY
+quadratic	I-KEY
+regulator	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+,	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+waypoint	I-KEY
+changing	I-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+are	O
+derived	O
+by	O
+minimizing	O
+the	O
+accelerations	O
+required	O
+for	O
+changing	O
+the	O
+waypoint	B-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+segments	I-KEY
+.	O
+Also	O
+derived	O
+is	O
+a	O
+sufficient	O
+condition	O
+for	O
+the	O
+stability	B-KEY
+bound	I-KEY
+of	O
+ground	B-KEY
+speed	I-KEY
+changes	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Lyapunov	B-KEY
+stability	I-KEY
+theorem	I-KEY
+.	O
+Simulation	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+can	O
+effectively	O
+guide	O
+a	O
+vehicle	O
+along	O
+the	O
+sequence	O
+of	O
+waypoint	B-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+segments	I-KEY
+
+Writing	O
+the	O
+fulfillment	B-KEY
+RFP	O
+-LSB-	O
+publishing	B-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+For	O
+the	O
+uninitiated	O
+,	O
+writing	O
+a	O
+request	B-KEY
+for	I-KEY
+proposal	I-KEY
+can	O
+seem	O
+both	O
+mysterious	O
+and	O
+daunting	O
+.	O
+Here	O
+'s	O
+a	O
+format	O
+that	O
+will	O
+make	O
+you	O
+look	O
+like	O
+a	O
+pro	O
+the	O
+first	O
+time	O
+out	O
+
+New	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+for	O
+PID	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+a	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+for	O
+proportional-integral-derivative	O
+-LRB-	O
+PID	O
+-RRB-	O
+controller	O
+and	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+assessment	O
+formulas	O
+for	O
+this	O
+method	O
+are	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+This	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+genetic	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+based	O
+PID	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+design	O
+method	O
+.	O
+For	O
+deriving	O
+the	O
+tuning	O
+formula	O
+,	O
+the	O
+genetic	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+based	O
+design	O
+method	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+design	O
+PID	B-KEY
+controllers	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+variety	O
+of	O
+processes	O
+.	O
+The	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+controller	O
+parameters	O
+and	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+that	O
+characterize	O
+the	O
+process	B-KEY
+dynamics	I-KEY
+are	O
+determined	O
+and	O
+the	O
+tuning	O
+formula	O
+is	O
+then	O
+derived	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+simulation	O
+studies	O
+,	O
+the	O
+rules	O
+for	O
+assessing	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+a	O
+PID	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+tuned	O
+by	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+are	O
+also	O
+given	O
+.	O
+This	O
+makes	O
+it	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+incorporate	O
+the	O
+capability	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+if	O
+the	O
+PID	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+is	O
+well	O
+tuned	O
+or	O
+not	O
+into	O
+an	O
+autotuner	B-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+autotuner	B-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+this	O
+new	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+corresponding	O
+performance	O
+assessment	O
+rules	O
+is	O
+also	O
+established	O
+.	O
+Simulations	O
+and	O
+real-time	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+are	O
+given	O
+to	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+and	O
+usefulness	O
+of	O
+these	O
+formulas	O
+
+Deriving	O
+model	O
+parameters	O
+from	O
+field	O
+test	O
+measurements	O
+-LSB-	O
+generator	O
+control	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+A	O
+major	O
+component	O
+of	O
+any	O
+power	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+generating	O
+plant	O
+.	O
+The	O
+purpose	O
+of	O
+DeriveAssist	B-KEY
+is	O
+to	O
+speed	O
+up	O
+the	O
+parameter	B-KEY
+derivation	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+allow	O
+engineers	O
+less	O
+versed	O
+in	O
+parameter	B-KEY
+matching	I-KEY
+and	O
+identification	O
+to	O
+get	O
+involved	O
+in	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+power	O
+plant	O
+electric	O
+generator	O
+modelling	O
+
+Design	O
+PID	O
+controllers	O
+for	O
+desired	O
+time-domain	O
+or	O
+frequency-domain	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+Practical	O
+requirements	O
+on	O
+the	O
+design	O
+of	O
+control	O
+systems	O
+,	O
+especially	O
+process	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+are	O
+usually	O
+specified	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+time-domain	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+overshoot	B-KEY
+and	O
+rise	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+,	O
+or	O
+frequency-domain	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+resonance	B-KEY
+peak	I-KEY
+and	O
+stability	B-KEY
+margin	I-KEY
+.	O
+Although	O
+numerous	O
+methods	O
+have	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+design	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proportional-integral-derivative	O
+-LRB-	O
+PID	O
+-RRB-	O
+controller	O
+,	O
+little	O
+work	O
+has	O
+been	O
+done	O
+in	O
+relation	O
+to	O
+the	O
+quantitative	O
+time-domain	O
+and	O
+frequency-domain	B-KEY
+responses	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+study	O
+the	O
+following	O
+problem	O
+:	O
+Given	O
+a	O
+nominal	B-KEY
+stable	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+with	O
+time	O
+delay	O
+,	O
+we	O
+design	O
+a	O
+suboptimal	O
+PID	O
+controller	O
+to	O
+achieve	O
+the	O
+required	O
+time-domain	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+or	O
+frequency-domain	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+nominal	O
+system	O
+or	O
+the	O
+uncertain	O
+system	O
+.	O
+An	O
+H/sub	B-KEY
+infinity	I-KEY
+/	I-KEY
+PID	I-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+is	O
+developed	O
+based	O
+on	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+theory	O
+and	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+are	O
+derived	O
+analytically	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+properties	O
+are	O
+investigated	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+that	O
+of	O
+two	O
+developed	O
+suboptimal	B-KEY
+controllers	I-KEY
+:	O
+an	O
+H/sub	O
+2	O
+/	O
+PID	O
+controller	O
+and	O
+a	O
+Maclaurin	B-KEY
+PID	I-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+
+Adaptive	O
+and	O
+efficient	O
+mutual	O
+exclusion	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+for	O
+mutual	O
+exclusion	O
+using	O
+only	O
+read	O
+and	O
+write	B-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+;	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithms	O
+depends	O
+only	O
+on	O
+the	O
+point	B-KEY
+contention	I-KEY
+,	O
+i.e.	O
+,	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+processes	O
+that	O
+are	O
+concurrently	O
+active	O
+during	O
+algorithm	B-KEY
+execution	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+and	O
+not	O
+on	O
+n	O
+,	O
+the	O
+total	O
+number	O
+of	O
+processes	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+O	O
+-LRB-	O
+k	O
+-RRB-	O
+remote	B-KEY
+step	I-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+and	O
+O	O
+-LRB-	O
+log	O
+k	O
+-RRB-	O
+system	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+,	O
+where	O
+k	O
+is	O
+the	O
+point	B-KEY
+contention	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+remote	B-KEY
+step	I-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+maximal	O
+number	O
+of	O
+steps	O
+performed	O
+by	O
+a	O
+process	O
+where	O
+a	O
+wait	O
+is	O
+counted	O
+as	O
+one	O
+step	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+time	O
+interval	O
+between	O
+subsequent	O
+entries	O
+to	O
+the	O
+critical	B-KEY
+section	I-KEY
+,	O
+where	O
+one	O
+time	O
+unit	O
+is	O
+the	O
+minimal	B-KEY
+interval	I-KEY
+in	O
+which	O
+every	O
+active	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+performs	O
+at	O
+least	O
+one	O
+step	O
+.	O
+The	O
+space	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+of	O
+this	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+O	O
+-LRB-	O
+N	O
+log	O
+n	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+where	O
+N	O
+is	O
+the	O
+range	O
+of	O
+process	O
+names	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+how	O
+to	O
+make	O
+the	O
+space	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+of	O
+our	O
+algorithm	O
+depend	O
+solely	O
+on	O
+n	O
+,	O
+while	O
+preserving	O
+the	O
+other	O
+performance	B-KEY
+measures	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+
+Visual-word	O
+identification	O
+thresholds	O
+for	O
+the	O
+260	O
+fragmented	O
+words	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Snodgrass	O
+and	O
+Vanderwart	O
+pictures	O
+in	O
+Spanish	O
+Word	B-KEY
+difficulty	I-KEY
+varies	O
+from	O
+language	O
+to	O
+language	O
+;	O
+therefore	O
+,	O
+normative	O
+data	O
+of	O
+verbal	B-KEY
+stimuli	I-KEY
+can	O
+not	O
+be	O
+imported	O
+directly	O
+from	O
+another	O
+language	O
+.	O
+We	O
+present	O
+mean	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+thresholds	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+260	O
+screen-fragmented	B-KEY
+words	I-KEY
+corresponding	O
+to	O
+the	O
+total	O
+set	O
+of	O
+Snodgrass	O
+and	O
+Vanderwart	O
+-LRB-	O
+1980	O
+-RRB-	O
+pictures	O
+.	O
+Individual	O
+words	O
+were	O
+fragmented	O
+in	O
+eight	O
+levels	O
+using	O
+Turbo	B-KEY
+Pascal	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+program	O
+was	O
+implemented	O
+on	O
+a	O
+PC	B-KEY
+microcomputer	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+words	O
+were	O
+presented	O
+individually	O
+to	O
+a	O
+group	O
+of	O
+40	O
+Spanish	B-KEY
+observers	O
+,	O
+using	O
+a	O
+controlled	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+unspecific	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+was	O
+found	O
+showing	O
+that	O
+performance	O
+improved	O
+due	O
+to	O
+practice	O
+with	O
+the	O
+task	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+of	O
+the	O
+11	O
+psycholinguistic	B-KEY
+variables	I-KEY
+that	O
+previous	O
+researchers	O
+have	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+affect	O
+word	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+,	O
+only	O
+imagery	O
+accounted	O
+for	O
+a	O
+significant	O
+amount	O
+of	O
+variance	O
+in	O
+the	O
+threshold	O
+values	O
+
+Pervasive	O
+computing	O
+goes	O
+to	O
+work	O
+:	O
+interfacing	O
+to	O
+the	O
+enterprise	O
+The	O
+paperless	B-KEY
+office	I-KEY
+is	O
+an	O
+idea	O
+whose	O
+time	O
+has	O
+come	O
+,	O
+and	O
+come	O
+,	O
+and	O
+come	O
+again	O
+.	O
+To	O
+see	O
+how	O
+pervasive	O
+computing	O
+applications	O
+might	O
+bring	O
+some	O
+substance	O
+to	O
+this	O
+dream	O
+,	O
+the	O
+author	O
+spoke	O
+recently	O
+with	O
+key	O
+managers	O
+and	O
+technologists	O
+at	O
+McKesson	O
+Corporation	O
+-LRB-	O
+San	O
+Francisco	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+healthcare	O
+supplier	O
+,	O
+service	O
+,	O
+and	O
+technology	O
+company	O
+with	O
+US$	O
+50	O
+billion	O
+in	O
+sales	O
+last	O
+year	O
+,	O
+and	O
+also	O
+at	O
+AvantGo	O
+-LRB-	O
+Hayward	O
+,	O
+Calif.	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+provider	O
+of	O
+mobile	O
+infrastructure	O
+software	O
+and	O
+services	O
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+past	O
+several	O
+years	O
+,	O
+McKesson	O
+has	O
+used	O
+mobility	O
+middleware	O
+developed	O
+by	O
+AvantGo	O
+to	O
+deploy	O
+major	O
+supply	O
+chain	O
+applications	O
+with	O
+thousands	O
+of	O
+pervasive	B-KEY
+clients	I-KEY
+and	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+servers	I-KEY
+that	O
+replace	O
+existing	O
+paper-based	O
+tracking	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+According	O
+to	O
+McKesson	O
+'s	O
+managers	O
+,	O
+their	O
+system	O
+greatly	O
+reduced	O
+errors	O
+and	O
+associated	O
+costs	O
+caused	O
+by	O
+redelivery	O
+or	O
+loss	O
+of	O
+valuable	O
+products	O
+,	O
+giving	O
+McKesson	O
+a	O
+solid	O
+return	O
+on	O
+its	O
+investment	O
+
+Four	O
+factors	O
+influencing	O
+the	O
+fair	B-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+value	I-KEY
+of	O
+out-of-print	B-KEY
+books	I-KEY
+.1	O
+Four	O
+factors	O
+-LRB-	O
+edition	O
+,	O
+condition	O
+,	O
+dust	O
+jacket	O
+,	O
+and	O
+autograph	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+are	O
+hypothesized	O
+to	O
+influence	O
+the	O
+value	O
+of	O
+books	O
+are	O
+identified	O
+and	O
+linked	O
+to	O
+basic	O
+economic	B-KEY
+principles	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+explained	O
+.	O
+A	O
+sample	O
+of	O
+fifty-six	O
+titles	O
+is	O
+qualitatively	O
+examined	O
+to	O
+test	O
+the	O
+hypothesis	O
+
+Fault-tolerant	B-KEY
+Hamiltonian	I-KEY
+laceability	I-KEY
+of	O
+hypercubes	B-KEY
+It	O
+is	O
+known	O
+that	O
+every	O
+hypercube	B-KEY
+Q/sub	O
+n	O
+/	O
+is	O
+a	O
+bipartite	B-KEY
+graph	I-KEY
+.	O
+Assume	O
+that	O
+n	O
+>	O
+or	O
+=	O
+2	O
+and	O
+F	O
+is	O
+a	O
+subset	O
+of	O
+edges	O
+with	O
+|	O
+F	O
+|	O
+<	O
+or	O
+=	O
+n-2	O
+.	O
+We	O
+prove	O
+that	O
+there	O
+exists	O
+a	O
+Hamiltonian	B-KEY
+path	I-KEY
+in	O
+Q/sub	O
+n	O
+/	O
+-	O
+F	O
+between	O
+any	O
+two	O
+vertices	B-KEY
+of	O
+different	O
+partite	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+there	O
+exists	O
+a	O
+path	O
+of	O
+length	O
+2/sup	O
+n	O
+/	O
+-2	O
+between	O
+any	O
+two	O
+vertices	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+same	O
+partite	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+.	O
+Assume	O
+that	O
+n	O
+>	O
+or	O
+=	O
+3	O
+and	O
+F	O
+is	O
+a	O
+subset	O
+of	O
+edges	O
+with	O
+|	O
+F	O
+|	O
+<	O
+or	O
+=	O
+n-3	O
+.	O
+We	O
+prove	O
+that	O
+there	O
+exists	O
+a	O
+Hamiltonian	B-KEY
+path	I-KEY
+in	O
+Q/sub	O
+n	O
+/	O
+-	O
+-LCB-	O
+v	O
+-RCB-	O
+-	O
+F	O
+between	O
+any	O
+two	O
+vertices	B-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+partite	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+without	O
+v.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+all	O
+bounds	O
+are	O
+tight	O
+
+Information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+for	O
+bilingual	O
+Web	O
+sites	O
+Creating	O
+an	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+bilingual	O
+Web	O
+site	O
+presents	O
+particular	O
+challenges	O
+beyond	O
+those	O
+that	O
+exist	O
+for	O
+single	O
+and	O
+multilanguage	O
+sites	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+reports	O
+work	O
+in	O
+progress	O
+on	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+a	O
+content-based	B-KEY
+bilingual	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+to	O
+facilitate	O
+the	O
+sharing	O
+of	O
+resources	O
+and	O
+information	O
+between	O
+Speech	O
+and	O
+Language	B-KEY
+Therapists	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+development	O
+of	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+combination	O
+of	O
+two	O
+aspects	O
+:	O
+an	O
+abstract	O
+structural	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+existing	O
+bilingual	O
+Web	O
+designs	O
+focusing	O
+on	O
+the	O
+presentation	O
+of	O
+bilingual	O
+material	O
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+bilingual	B-KEY
+card-sorting	I-KEY
+activity	I-KEY
+conducted	O
+with	O
+potential	O
+users	O
+.	O
+Issues	O
+for	O
+bilingual	B-KEY
+developments	I-KEY
+are	O
+discussed	O
+,	O
+and	O
+some	O
+observations	O
+are	O
+made	O
+regarding	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+card-sorting	O
+activities	O
+
+Mount	B-KEY
+Sinai	I-KEY
+Hospital	I-KEY
+uses	O
+integer	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+to	O
+allocate	O
+operating	O
+room	O
+time	O
+An	O
+integer-programming	O
+model	O
+and	O
+a	O
+post-solution	B-KEY
+heuristic	I-KEY
+allocates	O
+operating	O
+room	O
+time	O
+to	O
+the	O
+five	O
+surgical	O
+divisions	O
+at	O
+Toronto	B-KEY
+'s	O
+Mount	B-KEY
+Sinai	I-KEY
+Hospital	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+hospital	O
+has	O
+used	O
+this	O
+approach	O
+for	O
+several	O
+years	O
+and	O
+credits	O
+it	O
+with	O
+both	O
+administrative	O
+savings	O
+and	O
+the	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+produce	O
+quickly	O
+an	O
+equitable	O
+master	O
+surgical	O
+schedule	O
+
+On	O
+the	O
+emergence	O
+of	O
+rules	O
+in	O
+neural	B-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+A	O
+simple	O
+associationist	B-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+learns	O
+to	O
+factor	O
+abstract	O
+rules	O
+-LRB-	O
+i.e.	O
+,	O
+grammars	O
+-RRB-	O
+from	O
+sequences	O
+of	O
+arbitrary	O
+input	O
+symbols	O
+by	O
+inventing	O
+abstract	O
+representations	O
+that	O
+accommodate	O
+unseen	O
+symbol	O
+sets	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+unseen	O
+but	O
+similar	O
+grammars	O
+.	O
+The	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+is	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+have	O
+the	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+transfer	O
+grammatical	O
+knowledge	O
+to	O
+both	O
+new	O
+symbol	O
+vocabularies	O
+and	O
+new	O
+grammars	O
+.	O
+Analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+state-space	B-KEY
+shows	O
+that	O
+the	O
+network	O
+learns	B-KEY
+generalized	O
+abstract	O
+structures	O
+of	O
+the	O
+input	O
+and	O
+is	O
+not	O
+simply	O
+memorizing	O
+the	O
+input	O
+strings	O
+.	O
+These	O
+representations	O
+are	O
+context	O
+sensitive	O
+,	O
+hierarchical	O
+,	O
+and	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+state	O
+variable	O
+of	O
+the	O
+finite-state	O
+machines	O
+that	O
+the	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+has	O
+learned	B-KEY
+.	O
+Generalization	O
+to	O
+new	O
+symbol	O
+sets	O
+or	O
+grammars	O
+arises	O
+from	O
+the	O
+spatial	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+internal	O
+representations	O
+used	O
+by	O
+the	O
+network	O
+,	O
+allowing	O
+new	O
+symbol	O
+sets	O
+to	O
+be	O
+encoded	O
+close	O
+to	O
+symbol	O
+sets	O
+that	O
+have	O
+already	O
+been	O
+learned	B-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+hidden	O
+unit	O
+space	O
+of	O
+the	O
+network	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+are	O
+counter	O
+to	O
+the	O
+arguments	O
+that	O
+learning	B-KEY
+algorithms	O
+based	O
+on	O
+weight	O
+adaptation	O
+after	O
+each	O
+exemplar	O
+presentation	O
+-LRB-	O
+such	O
+as	O
+the	O
+long	O
+term	O
+potentiation	O
+found	O
+in	O
+the	O
+mammalian	O
+nervous	O
+system	O
+-RRB-	O
+can	O
+not	O
+in	O
+principle	O
+extract	O
+symbolic	B-KEY
+knowledge	I-KEY
+from	O
+positive	O
+examples	O
+as	O
+prescribed	O
+by	O
+prevailing	O
+human	O
+linguistic	O
+theory	O
+and	O
+evolutionary	O
+psychology	O
+
+Discrete	B-KEY
+output	I-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+sliding	B-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+of	O
+second	O
+order	O
+systems	O
+-	O
+a	O
+moving	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+approach	O
+The	O
+sliding	B-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+systems	O
+-LRB-	O
+SMCS	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+which	O
+the	O
+switching	B-KEY
+variable	I-KEY
+is	O
+designed	O
+independent	O
+of	O
+the	O
+initial	O
+conditions	O
+are	O
+known	O
+to	O
+be	O
+sensitive	O
+to	O
+parameter	B-KEY
+variations	I-KEY
+and	O
+extraneous	O
+disturbances	O
+during	O
+the	O
+reaching	O
+phase	O
+.	O
+For	O
+second	O
+order	O
+systems	O
+this	O
+drawback	O
+is	O
+eliminated	O
+by	O
+using	O
+the	O
+moving	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+technique	O
+where	O
+the	O
+switching	O
+line	O
+is	O
+initially	O
+designed	O
+to	O
+pass	O
+the	O
+initial	O
+conditions	O
+and	O
+is	O
+subsequently	O
+moved	O
+towards	O
+a	O
+predetermined	O
+switching	O
+line	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+make	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+above	O
+idea	O
+of	O
+moving	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+together	O
+with	O
+the	O
+reaching	O
+law	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+design	O
+a	O
+discrete	B-KEY
+output	I-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+sliding	B-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+contributions	O
+of	O
+this	O
+work	O
+are	O
+such	O
+that	O
+we	O
+do	O
+not	O
+require	O
+to	O
+use	O
+system	O
+states	O
+as	O
+it	O
+makes	O
+use	O
+of	O
+only	O
+the	O
+output	O
+samples	O
+for	O
+designing	O
+the	O
+controller	O
+.	O
+and	O
+by	O
+using	O
+the	O
+moving	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+a	O
+low	O
+sensitivity	O
+system	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+through	O
+shortening	O
+the	O
+reaching	O
+phase	O
+.	O
+Simulation	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+fast	B-KEY
+output	I-KEY
+sampling	I-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+guarantees	O
+sliding	O
+motion	O
+similar	O
+to	O
+that	O
+obtained	O
+using	O
+state	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+
+Aim	O
+for	O
+the	O
+enterprise	O
+:	O
+Microsoft	B-KEY
+Project	I-KEY
+2002	I-KEY
+A	O
+long-time	O
+favorite	O
+of	O
+project	O
+managers	O
+,	O
+Microsoft	B-KEY
+Project	I-KEY
+2002	I-KEY
+is	O
+making	O
+its	O
+enterprise	O
+debut	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+new	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+collaboration	I-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+and	O
+improved	O
+scalability	B-KEY
+with	O
+OLAP	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+make	O
+it	O
+much	O
+easier	O
+to	O
+manage	O
+multiple	O
+Web	O
+projects	O
+with	O
+disparate	O
+workgroups	B-KEY
+and	O
+budgets	B-KEY
+
+Effective	O
+moving	B-KEY
+cast	I-KEY
+shadow	I-KEY
+detection	O
+for	O
+monocular	O
+color	O
+traffic	O
+image	O
+sequences	O
+For	O
+an	O
+accurate	B-KEY
+scene	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+using	O
+monocular	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+traffic	I-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+sequences	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+robust	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+of	O
+moving	B-KEY
+vehicles	I-KEY
+from	O
+the	O
+stationary	B-KEY
+background	I-KEY
+is	O
+generally	O
+required	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+the	O
+presence	O
+of	O
+moving	B-KEY
+cast	I-KEY
+shadow	I-KEY
+may	O
+lead	O
+to	O
+an	O
+inaccurate	O
+vehicle	O
+segmentation	O
+,	O
+and	O
+as	O
+a	O
+result	O
+,	O
+may	O
+lead	O
+to	O
+further	O
+erroneous	O
+scene	O
+analysis	O
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+an	O
+effective	O
+method	O
+for	O
+the	O
+detection	O
+of	O
+moving	B-KEY
+cast	I-KEY
+shadow	I-KEY
+.	O
+By	O
+observing	O
+the	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+cast	B-KEY
+shadow	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+luminance	B-KEY
+,	O
+chrominance	B-KEY
+,	O
+gradient	B-KEY
+density	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+geometry	B-KEY
+domains	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+combined	B-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+,	O
+called	O
+a	O
+shadow	B-KEY
+confidence	I-KEY
+score	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SCS	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+.	O
+From	O
+the	O
+edge	O
+map	O
+of	O
+the	O
+input	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+,	O
+each	O
+edge	O
+pixel	O
+is	O
+examined	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+whether	O
+it	O
+belongs	O
+to	O
+the	O
+vehicle	O
+region	O
+based	O
+on	O
+its	O
+neighboring	O
+SCSs	O
+.	O
+The	O
+cast	B-KEY
+shadow	I-KEY
+is	O
+identified	O
+as	O
+those	O
+regions	O
+with	O
+high	O
+SCSs	O
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+outside	O
+the	O
+convex	B-KEY
+hull	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+selected	B-KEY
+vehicle	I-KEY
+edge	I-KEY
+pixels	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+is	O
+tested	O
+on	O
+100	O
+vehicle	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+taken	O
+under	O
+different	O
+lighting	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+sunny	B-KEY
+and	O
+cloudy	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+viewing	B-KEY
+angles	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+roadside	O
+and	O
+overhead	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+vehicle	B-KEY
+sizes	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+small	O
+,	O
+medium	O
+,	O
+and	O
+large	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+and	O
+colors	O
+-LRB-	O
+similar	O
+to	O
+the	O
+road	O
+and	O
+not	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+indicate	O
+that	O
+an	O
+average	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+of	O
+around	O
+14	O
+%	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+while	O
+the	O
+lowest	O
+error	O
+rate	O
+is	O
+around	O
+3	O
+%	O
+for	O
+large	O
+vehicles	O
+
+The	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+on	O
+public	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+use	O
+:	O
+an	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+current	O
+consumer	O
+market	O
+for	O
+library	O
+and	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+services	O
+The	O
+potential	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+public	O
+'s	O
+demand	O
+for	O
+the	O
+services	O
+and	O
+resources	O
+of	O
+public	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+is	O
+an	O
+issue	O
+of	O
+critical	O
+importance	O
+.	O
+The	O
+research	O
+reported	O
+in	O
+this	O
+article	O
+provides	O
+baseline	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+concerning	O
+the	O
+evolving	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+public	O
+'s	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+library	O
+and	O
+its	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+consumer	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+American	B-KEY
+adult	I-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+for	O
+information	O
+services	O
+and	O
+resources	O
+,	O
+segmented	O
+by	O
+use	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+nonuse	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+the	O
+public	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+and	O
+by	O
+access	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+lack	O
+of	O
+access	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+,	O
+and	O
+use	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+nonuse	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+national	B-KEY
+Random	I-KEY
+Digit	I-KEY
+Dialing	I-KEY
+telephone	I-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+collected	O
+data	O
+to	O
+estimate	O
+the	O
+size	O
+of	O
+each	O
+of	O
+six	O
+market	O
+segments	O
+,	O
+and	O
+to	O
+describe	O
+their	O
+usage	O
+choices	O
+between	O
+the	O
+public	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+analyses	O
+presented	O
+in	O
+this	O
+article	O
+provide	O
+estimates	O
+of	O
+the	O
+size	O
+and	O
+demographics	O
+of	O
+each	O
+of	O
+the	O
+market	O
+segments	O
+;	O
+describe	O
+why	O
+people	O
+are	O
+currently	O
+using	O
+the	O
+public	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+;	O
+identify	O
+the	O
+decision	B-KEY
+criteria	I-KEY
+people	O
+use	O
+in	O
+their	O
+choices	O
+of	O
+which	O
+provider	O
+to	O
+use	O
+;	O
+identify	O
+areas	O
+in	O
+which	O
+libraries	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+appear	O
+to	O
+be	O
+competing	O
+and	O
+areas	O
+in	O
+which	O
+they	O
+appear	O
+to	O
+be	O
+complementary	O
+;	O
+and	O
+identify	O
+reasons	O
+why	O
+people	O
+choose	O
+not	O
+to	O
+use	O
+the	O
+public	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+and/or	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+data	O
+suggest	O
+that	O
+some	O
+differentiation	O
+between	O
+the	O
+library	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+is	O
+taking	O
+place	O
+,	O
+which	O
+may	O
+very	O
+well	O
+have	O
+an	O
+impact	O
+on	O
+consumer	O
+choices	O
+between	O
+the	O
+two	O
+.	O
+Longitudinal	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+is	O
+necessary	O
+to	O
+fully	O
+reveal	O
+trends	O
+in	O
+these	O
+usage	O
+choices	O
+,	O
+which	O
+have	O
+implications	O
+for	O
+all	O
+types	O
+of	O
+libraries	O
+in	O
+planning	O
+and	O
+policy	O
+development	O
+
+Exploring	O
+developments	O
+in	O
+Web	B-KEY
+based	I-KEY
+relationship	I-KEY
+marketing	I-KEY
+within	O
+the	O
+hotel	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+content	O
+analysis	O
+study	O
+of	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+World	B-KEY
+Wide	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+marketing	I-KEY
+by	O
+the	O
+hotel	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+.	O
+There	O
+is	O
+a	O
+lack	O
+of	O
+historical	O
+perspective	O
+on	O
+industry	O
+related	O
+Web	O
+marketing	O
+applications	O
+and	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+attempts	O
+to	O
+resolve	O
+this	O
+with	O
+a	O
+two-year	O
+follow-up	O
+case	O
+study	O
+of	O
+the	O
+changing	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+relationships	O
+.	O
+Specifically	O
+,	O
+the	O
+aims	O
+are	O
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+identify	O
+key	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+way	O
+hotels	O
+are	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+;	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+look	O
+for	O
+evidence	O
+of	O
+the	O
+adoption	O
+of	O
+a	O
+relationship	O
+marketing	O
+-LRB-	O
+RM	O
+-RRB-	O
+model	O
+as	O
+a	O
+strategy	O
+for	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+hotel	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+new	O
+technologies	O
+;	O
+and	O
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+3	O
+-RRB-	O
+To	O
+investigate	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+multimedia	B-KEY
+in	O
+hotel	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+development	O
+and	O
+strategic	O
+exploitation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+has	O
+transformed	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+marketing	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+the	O
+evidence	O
+from	O
+a	O
+Web	B-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+this	O
+study	O
+reveals	O
+the	O
+way	O
+relationships	O
+are	O
+being	O
+created	O
+and	O
+managed	O
+within	O
+the	O
+hotel	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+by	O
+its	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+as	O
+a	O
+marketing	O
+tool	O
+.	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+have	O
+collected	O
+evidence	O
+by	O
+means	O
+of	O
+a	O
+descriptive	O
+study	O
+on	O
+the	O
+way	O
+hotels	O
+build	O
+and	O
+create	O
+relationships	O
+with	O
+their	O
+Web	O
+presence	O
+delivering	O
+multimedia	B-KEY
+information	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+channel	O
+and	O
+interactive	O
+means	O
+of	O
+communication	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+a	O
+strategic	O
+framework	O
+is	O
+offered	O
+as	O
+the	O
+means	O
+to	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+mechanism	O
+and	O
+orientation	O
+of	O
+Web	O
+based	O
+marketing	O
+by	O
+hotels	O
+.	O
+The	O
+study	O
+utilizes	O
+a	O
+model	O
+by	O
+Gilbert	O
+-LRB-	O
+1996	O
+-RRB-	O
+as	O
+a	O
+means	O
+of	O
+developing	O
+a	O
+measurement	O
+instrument	O
+to	O
+allow	O
+a	O
+content	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+current	O
+approach	O
+by	O
+hotels	O
+to	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+Web	O
+sites	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+indicate	O
+hotels	O
+are	O
+aware	O
+of	O
+the	O
+new	O
+uses	O
+of	O
+Web	O
+technology	O
+and	O
+are	O
+promoting	O
+hotel	O
+products	O
+in	O
+the	O
+global	B-KEY
+electronic	I-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+in	O
+new	O
+and	O
+sophisticated	O
+ways	O
+
+System	O
+embedding	O
+.	O
+Polynomial	B-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+The	O
+class	O
+of	O
+solutions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+polynomial	B-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+including	O
+their	O
+generalizations	O
+in	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Bezout	B-KEY
+matrix	I-KEY
+identities	I-KEY
+was	O
+constructed	O
+analytically	O
+using	O
+the	O
+technology	O
+of	O
+constructive	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+embedding	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+structure	O
+of	O
+a	O
+solution	O
+depends	O
+on	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+steps	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Euclidean	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+and	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+explicitly	O
+by	O
+appropriate	O
+substitutions	O
+.	O
+Illustrative	O
+and	O
+descriptive	O
+examples	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+
+Robust	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+controlled	I-KEY
+photovoltaic	I-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+inverter	I-KEY
+with	O
+Taguchi	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+design	O
+and	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+robust	O
+fuzzy	O
+controlled	O
+photovoltaic	O
+-LRB-	O
+PV	O
+-RRB-	O
+power	O
+inverter	O
+with	O
+Taguchi	O
+tuned	B-KEY
+scaling	I-KEY
+factors	I-KEY
+.	O
+To	O
+achieve	O
+fast	O
+transient	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+,	O
+small	O
+steady-state	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+and	O
+system	B-KEY
+robustness	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+robust	O
+fuzzy	O
+controller	O
+is	O
+adopted	O
+,	O
+in	O
+which	O
+its	O
+input	O
+and	O
+output	B-KEY
+scaling	I-KEY
+factors	I-KEY
+are	O
+determined	O
+efficiently	O
+by	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Taguchi-tuning	O
+algorithm	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+system	O
+can	O
+operate	O
+in	O
+different	O
+modes	O
+,	O
+grid-connection	B-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+and	O
+stand-alone	B-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+can	O
+accommodate	O
+wide	O
+load	B-KEY
+variations	I-KEY
+.	O
+Simulation	O
+results	O
+and	O
+hardware	O
+measurements	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+a	O
+prototype	O
+with	O
+a	O
+microcontroller	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Intel	O
+80196KC	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+to	O
+verify	O
+the	O
+theoretical	O
+discussions	O
+,	O
+and	O
+its	O
+adaptivity	B-KEY
+,	O
+robustness	O
+and	O
+feasibility	B-KEY
+
+Underground	B-KEY
+poetry	I-KEY
+,	O
+collecting	O
+poetry	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+librarian	B-KEY
+A	O
+powerful	O
+encounter	O
+with	O
+underground	B-KEY
+poetry	I-KEY
+and	O
+its	O
+important	O
+role	O
+in	O
+poetry	O
+,	O
+literature	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+culture	B-KEY
+is	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+acquisitions	O
+difficulties	O
+encountered	O
+in	O
+the	O
+unique	O
+publishing	B-KEY
+world	O
+of	O
+underground	B-KEY
+poetry	I-KEY
+are	O
+introduced	O
+.	O
+Strategies	O
+for	O
+acquiring	O
+underground	B-KEY
+poetry	I-KEY
+for	O
+library	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+are	O
+proposed	O
+,	O
+including	O
+total	O
+immersion	O
+and	O
+local	O
+focus	O
+,	O
+with	O
+accompanying	O
+action	O
+
+Theoretical	O
+and	O
+experimental	O
+investigations	O
+on	O
+coherence	O
+of	O
+traffic	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+transmission	I-KEY
+through	O
+an	O
+open	B-KEY
+window	I-KEY
+into	O
+a	O
+rectangular	B-KEY
+room	I-KEY
+in	O
+high-rise	B-KEY
+buildings	I-KEY
+A	O
+method	O
+for	O
+theoretically	O
+calculating	O
+the	O
+coherence	O
+between	O
+sound	B-KEY
+pressure	I-KEY
+inside	O
+a	O
+rectangular	B-KEY
+room	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+high-rise	B-KEY
+building	I-KEY
+and	O
+that	O
+outside	O
+the	O
+open	B-KEY
+window	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+room	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+traffic	O
+noise	O
+transmitted	O
+into	O
+a	O
+room	O
+is	O
+generally	O
+dominated	O
+by	O
+low-frequency	B-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+,	O
+to	O
+which	O
+active	O
+noise	O
+control	O
+-LRB-	O
+ANC	O
+-RRB-	O
+technology	O
+may	O
+find	O
+an	O
+application	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+good	O
+coherence	O
+between	O
+reference	O
+and	O
+error	O
+signals	O
+is	O
+essential	O
+for	O
+an	O
+effective	O
+noise	O
+reduction	O
+and	O
+should	O
+be	O
+checked	O
+first	O
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+traffic	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+prediction	I-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+,	O
+wave	B-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+mode	B-KEY
+coupling	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+results	O
+of	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+enabled	O
+one	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+potentials	O
+and	O
+limitations	O
+of	O
+ANC	O
+used	O
+to	O
+reduce	O
+such	O
+a	O
+transmission	O
+.	O
+Experimental	O
+coherence	O
+results	O
+are	O
+shown	O
+for	O
+two	O
+similar	O
+,	O
+empty	O
+rectangular	B-KEY
+rooms	I-KEY
+located	O
+on	O
+the	O
+17th	O
+and	O
+30th	O
+floors	O
+of	O
+a	O
+34	O
+floor	O
+high-rise	B-KEY
+building	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+calculated	O
+results	O
+with	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+are	O
+generally	O
+in	O
+good	O
+agreement	O
+with	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+and	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+usefulness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+method	O
+for	O
+predicting	O
+the	O
+coherence	O
+
+An	O
+automated	B-KEY
+parallel	I-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+registration	I-KEY
+technique	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+of	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+With	O
+the	O
+increasing	O
+importance	O
+of	O
+multiple	O
+multiplatform	O
+remote	B-KEY
+sensing	I-KEY
+missions	O
+,	O
+fast	O
+and	O
+automatic	O
+integration	O
+of	O
+digital	O
+data	O
+from	O
+disparate	O
+sources	O
+has	O
+become	O
+critical	O
+to	O
+the	O
+success	O
+of	O
+these	O
+endeavors	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+work	O
+utilizes	O
+maxima	O
+of	O
+wavelet	O
+coefficients	O
+to	O
+form	O
+the	O
+basic	O
+features	O
+of	O
+a	O
+correlation-based	O
+automatic	B-KEY
+registration	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+wavelet-based	O
+registration	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+tested	O
+successfully	O
+with	O
+data	O
+from	O
+the	O
+National	O
+Oceanic	O
+and	O
+Atmospheric	O
+Administration	O
+-LRB-	O
+NOAA	O
+-RRB-	O
+Advanced	O
+Very	O
+High	O
+Resolution	O
+Radiometer	O
+-LRB-	O
+AVHRR	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Landsat	B-KEY
+Thematic	I-KEY
+Mapper	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+TM	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+which	O
+differ	O
+by	O
+translation	O
+and/or	O
+rotation	O
+.	O
+By	O
+the	O
+choice	O
+of	O
+high-frequency	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+method	O
+is	O
+similar	O
+to	O
+an	O
+edge-based	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+method	O
+,	O
+but	O
+by	O
+exploiting	O
+the	O
+multiresolution	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+a	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+,	O
+our	O
+method	O
+achieves	O
+higher	O
+computational	O
+speeds	O
+for	O
+comparable	O
+accuracies	O
+.	O
+This	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+been	O
+implemented	O
+on	O
+a	O
+single-instruction	O
+multiple-data	O
+-LRB-	O
+SIMD	O
+-RRB-	O
+massively	O
+parallel	O
+computer	O
+,	O
+the	O
+MasPar	O
+MP-2	O
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+on	O
+the	O
+CrayT3D	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Cray	O
+T3E	O
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+Beowulf	O
+cluster	O
+of	O
+Pentium	O
+workstations	O
+
+Evolution	O
+of	O
+litigation	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+For	O
+original	O
+paper	O
+see	O
+ibid.	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.	O
+12	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+6	O
+:	O
+``	O
+The	O
+E-mail	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+Species	O
+''	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+responds	O
+to	O
+that	O
+paper	O
+and	O
+argues	O
+that	O
+printing	O
+,	O
+scanning	O
+and	O
+imaging	O
+E-mails	B-KEY
+or	O
+other	O
+electronic	O
+-LRB-	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+paper	O
+-RRB-	O
+documents	O
+prior	O
+to	O
+listing	O
+and	O
+disclosure	O
+seems	O
+to	O
+be	O
+unnecessary	O
+,	O
+not	O
+`	O
+proportionate	O
+'	O
+-LRB-	O
+from	O
+a	O
+costs	O
+point	O
+of	O
+view	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+not	O
+particularly	O
+helpful	O
+,	O
+to	O
+either	O
+side	O
+.	O
+He	O
+asks	O
+how	O
+litigation	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+might	O
+evolve	O
+to	O
+help	O
+and	O
+support	O
+the	O
+legal	B-KEY
+team	I-KEY
+in	O
+their	O
+task	O
+
+Search	O
+for	O
+efficient	O
+solutions	O
+of	O
+multi-criterion	B-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+by	O
+target-level	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+The	O
+target-level	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+is	O
+considered	O
+for	O
+solving	O
+continuous	B-KEY
+multi-criterion	I-KEY
+maximization	I-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+first	O
+step	O
+,	O
+the	O
+decision-maker	O
+specifies	O
+a	O
+target-level	B-KEY
+point	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+criterion	O
+values	O
+-RRB-	O
+;	O
+then	O
+in	O
+the	O
+set	O
+of	O
+vector	O
+evaluations	O
+we	O
+seek	O
+points	O
+that	O
+are	O
+closest	O
+to	O
+the	O
+target	O
+point	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Chebyshev	B-KEY
+metric	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+vector	O
+evaluations	O
+obtained	O
+in	O
+this	O
+way	O
+are	O
+in	O
+general	O
+weakly	O
+efficient	O
+.	O
+To	O
+identify	O
+the	O
+efficient	O
+evaluations	O
+,	O
+the	O
+second	O
+step	O
+maximizes	O
+the	O
+sum	O
+of	O
+the	O
+criteria	O
+on	O
+the	O
+set	O
+generated	O
+in	O
+step	O
+1	O
+.	O
+We	O
+prove	O
+the	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+evaluations	O
+and	O
+decisions	O
+obtained	O
+by	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+procedure	O
+,	O
+on	O
+the	O
+one	O
+hand	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+efficient	O
+-LRB-	O
+weakly	O
+efficient	O
+-RRB-	O
+evaluations	O
+and	O
+decisions	O
+,	O
+on	O
+the	O
+other	O
+hand	O
+.	O
+If	O
+the	O
+Edgeworth-Pareto	B-KEY
+hull	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+set	O
+of	O
+vector	O
+evaluations	O
+is	O
+convex	O
+,	O
+the	O
+set	O
+of	O
+efficient	O
+vector	O
+evaluations	O
+can	O
+be	O
+approximated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+
+A	O
+new	O
+method	O
+of	O
+systemological	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+coordinated	O
+with	O
+the	O
+procedure	O
+of	O
+object-oriented	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+.	O
+II	O
+For	O
+pt.I	O
+.	O
+see	O
+Vestn	O
+.	O
+KhGPU	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+81	O
+,	O
+p.15-18	O
+-LRB-	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+the	O
+results	O
+of	O
+development	O
+of	O
+an	O
+object-oriented	O
+systemological	O
+method	O
+used	O
+to	O
+design	O
+complex	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+A	O
+formal	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+an	O
+axiomatics	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+calculus	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+as	O
+functional	B-KEY
+flow-type	I-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+Node-Function-Object	O
+class	O
+hierarchy	O
+are	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+A	O
+formalized	B-KEY
+NFO/UFO	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+and	O
+CASE	B-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+used	O
+to	O
+support	O
+it	O
+are	O
+considered	O
+
+Do	O
+n't	O
+always	O
+believe	O
+what	O
+you	O
+Reed	O
+-LSB-	O
+optimisation	B-KEY
+techniques	I-KEY
+for	O
+Web	B-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+and	O
+trade	B-KEY
+mark	I-KEY
+infringement	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+On	O
+20	O
+May	O
+2002	O
+,	O
+Mr	O
+Justice	O
+Pumfrey	O
+gave	O
+judgment	O
+in	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+Reed	B-KEY
+Executive	I-KEY
+Plc	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+Reed	B-KEY
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+Plc	I-KEY
+versus	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+Reed	B-KEY
+Business	I-KEY
+Information	I-KEY
+Limited	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+Reed	O
+Elsevier	O
+-LRB-	O
+UK	O
+-RRB-	O
+Limited	O
+-LRB-	O
+3	O
+-RRB-	O
+totaljobs.com	B-KEY
+Limited	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+case	O
+explored	O
+for	O
+the	O
+first	O
+time	O
+in	O
+any	O
+detail	O
+the	O
+extent	O
+to	O
+which	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+various	O
+optimisation	B-KEY
+techniques	I-KEY
+for	O
+Web	B-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+could	O
+give	O
+rise	O
+to	O
+new	O
+forms	O
+of	O
+trade	B-KEY
+mark	I-KEY
+infringement	I-KEY
+and	O
+passing	B-KEY
+off	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+reports	O
+on	O
+the	O
+case	O
+and	O
+offers	O
+his	O
+comments	O
+
+Presentation	B-KEY
+media	I-KEY
+,	O
+information	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+learning	B-KEY
+outcomes	I-KEY
+Multimedia	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+provides	O
+a	O
+variety	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+presentation	I-KEY
+modality	I-KEY
+combinations	I-KEY
+.	O
+Educators	B-KEY
+have	O
+observed	O
+that	O
+visuals	O
+enhance	O
+learning	O
+which	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+multimedia	B-KEY
+presentations	I-KEY
+should	O
+be	O
+superior	O
+to	O
+text-only	O
+and	O
+text	O
+with	O
+static	B-KEY
+pictures	I-KEY
+in	O
+facilitating	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+human	I-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+and	O
+,	O
+therefore	O
+,	O
+comprehension	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+reports	O
+the	O
+findings	O
+from	O
+a	O
+3	O
+-LRB-	O
+text-only	O
+,	O
+overhead	B-KEY
+slides	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+multimedia	B-KEY
+presentation	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+*	O
+2	O
+-LRB-	O
+high	O
+and	O
+low	O
+information	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+factorial	O
+experiment	O
+.	O
+Subjects	O
+read	O
+a	O
+text	B-KEY
+script	I-KEY
+,	O
+viewed	O
+an	O
+acetate	O
+overhead	B-KEY
+slide	I-KEY
+presentation	O
+,	O
+or	O
+viewed	O
+a	O
+multimedia	O
+presentation	O
+depicting	O
+the	O
+greenhouse	O
+effect	O
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+complexity	O
+-RRB-	O
+or	O
+photocopier	O
+operation	O
+-LRB-	O
+high	O
+complexity	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Multimedia	O
+was	O
+superior	O
+to	O
+text-only	O
+and	O
+overhead	B-KEY
+slides	I-KEY
+for	O
+comprehension	O
+.	O
+Information	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+diminished	O
+comprehension	O
+and	O
+perceived	O
+presentation	O
+quality	O
+.	O
+Multimedia	O
+was	O
+able	O
+to	O
+reduce	O
+the	O
+negative	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+on	O
+comprehension	O
+and	O
+increase	O
+the	O
+extent	O
+of	O
+sustained	B-KEY
+attention	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+presentation	O
+.	O
+These	O
+findings	O
+suggest	O
+that	O
+multimedia	B-KEY
+presentations	I-KEY
+invoke	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+both	O
+the	O
+verbal	O
+and	O
+visual	B-KEY
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+in	O
+a	O
+reduction	O
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+the	O
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+imposed	O
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+increased	O
+information	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+multimedia	B-KEY
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+in	O
+facilitating	O
+comprehension	O
+goes	O
+beyond	O
+its	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+increase	O
+sustained	B-KEY
+attention	I-KEY
+;	O
+the	O
+quality	O
+and	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+information	O
+processing	O
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+,	O
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+verbal	O
+and	O
+visual	O
+working	O
+memory	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+also	O
+significant	O
+
+Mobile	B-KEY
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+``	O
+Killer	O
+app	O
+''	O
+competition	O
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+way	O
+to	O
+gain	O
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+experience	O
+in	O
+engineering	O
+and	O
+computer	O
+science	O
+courses	O
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+The	O
+University	O
+of	O
+Florida	O
+,	O
+in	O
+partnership	O
+with	O
+Motorola	B-KEY
+,	O
+has	O
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+two	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
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+In	O
+Spring	O
+and	O
+Fall	O
+2001	O
+,	O
+students	O
+in	O
+Abdelsalam	O
+Helal	O
+'s	O
+Mobile	B-KEY
+Computing	I-KEY
+class	O
+designed	O
+killer	O
+apps	O
+for	O
+a	O
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+phone	I-KEY
+
+Diffraction	B-KEY
+limit	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+circular	B-KEY
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+a	O
+periodic	O
+rectangular	O
+apertures	O
+array	O
+A	O
+mask	B-KEY
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+periodic	B-KEY
+apertures	I-KEY
+imaging	O
+system	O
+is	O
+adopted	O
+very	O
+widely	O
+and	O
+plays	O
+a	O
+leading	O
+role	O
+in	O
+modern	O
+technology	O
+for	O
+uses	O
+such	O
+as	O
+pinhole	B-KEY
+cameras	I-KEY
+,	O
+coded	B-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+optical	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
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+,	O
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+because	O
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+its	O
+high	B-KEY
+resolution	I-KEY
+,	O
+its	O
+infinite	B-KEY
+depth	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+focus	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+its	O
+usefulness	O
+over	O
+a	O
+broad	B-KEY
+frequency	I-KEY
+spectra	I-KEY
+ranging	O
+from	O
+visible	B-KEY
+light	I-KEY
+to	O
+X-rays	O
+and	O
+gamma	B-KEY
+rays	I-KEY
+.	O
+While	O
+the	O
+masks	B-KEY
+with	O
+periodic	B-KEY
+apertures	I-KEY
+investigated	O
+in	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+are	O
+limited	O
+only	O
+to	O
+far-field	B-KEY
+diffraction	I-KEY
+,	O
+they	O
+do	O
+not	O
+take	O
+the	O
+shift	O
+of	O
+apertures	O
+within	O
+the	O
+mask	B-KEY
+into	O
+consideration	O
+.	O
+Therefore	O
+the	O
+derivation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+far-field	B-KEY
+diffraction	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+single	B-KEY
+aperture	I-KEY
+can	O
+not	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+a	O
+mask	B-KEY
+with	O
+periodic	B-KEY
+apertures	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+far-field	B-KEY
+diffraction	I-KEY
+formula	O
+modified	O
+for	O
+a	O
+multiaperture	O
+mask	O
+has	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+past	O
+,	O
+the	O
+analysis	O
+remains	O
+too	O
+complicated	O
+to	O
+offer	O
+some	O
+practical	O
+guidance	O
+for	O
+mask	O
+design	O
+.	O
+We	O
+study	O
+a	O
+circular	B-KEY
+mask	I-KEY
+with	O
+periodic	O
+rectangular	O
+apertures	O
+and	O
+develop	O
+an	O
+easier	O
+way	O
+to	O
+interpret	O
+it	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+the	O
+near-field	B-KEY
+diffraction	I-KEY
+intensity	O
+of	O
+a	O
+circular	O
+aperture	O
+is	O
+calculated	O
+by	O
+means	O
+of	O
+Lommel	O
+'s	O
+function	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+the	O
+convolution	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+circular	B-KEY
+mask	I-KEY
+diffraction	O
+with	O
+periodic	O
+rectangular	O
+apertures	O
+is	O
+put	O
+together	O
+,	O
+and	O
+we	O
+can	O
+present	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+mathematical	O
+tool	O
+to	O
+analyze	O
+the	O
+mask	O
+properties	O
+including	O
+the	O
+intensity	O
+distribution	O
+,	O
+blurring	O
+aberration	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+criterion	O
+of	O
+defining	O
+the	O
+far	O
+-	O
+or	O
+near-field	O
+diffraction	O
+.	O
+This	O
+concept	O
+can	O
+also	O
+be	O
+expanded	O
+to	O
+analyze	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+masks	B-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+arbitrarily	B-KEY
+shaped	I-KEY
+apertures	I-KEY
+
+Integration	O
+is	O
+key	O
+-	O
+an	O
+introduction	O
+to	O
+enterprise	B-KEY
+application	I-KEY
+integration	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+EAI	O
+-RRB-	O
+technology	O
+Over	O
+the	O
+past	O
+few	O
+years	O
+,	O
+numerous	O
+organisations	O
+have	O
+invested	O
+in	O
+the	O
+latest	O
+software	O
+applications	O
+to	O
+drive	O
+their	O
+business	O
+forward	O
+.	O
+But	O
+many	O
+are	O
+now	O
+finding	O
+that	O
+these	O
+systems	O
+are	O
+becoming	O
+redundant	O
+on	O
+their	O
+own	O
+.	O
+The	O
+key	O
+to	O
+staying	O
+ahead	O
+of	O
+the	O
+competition	O
+in	O
+today	O
+'s	O
+current	O
+climate	O
+is	O
+now	O
+to	O
+integrate	O
+all	O
+of	O
+these	O
+systems	O
+,	O
+says	O
+Justin	O
+Opie	O
+,	O
+Portfolio	O
+Director	O
+at	O
+Imark	B-KEY
+Communications	I-KEY
+
+A	O
+digital-to-analog	B-KEY
+converter	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+differential-quad	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+A	O
+high-conversion-rate	O
+high-resolution	O
+oversampling	O
+digital-to-analog	B-KEY
+converter	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DAC	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+direct	B-KEY
+digital	I-KEY
+modulation	I-KEY
+is	O
+addressed	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+A	O
+new	O
+type	O
+of	O
+switching	O
+scheme	O
+,	O
+called	O
+differential-quad	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+,	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+To	O
+verify	O
+the	O
+feasibility	O
+of	O
+this	O
+scheme	O
+,	O
+essential	O
+parts	O
+with	O
+some	O
+auxiliary	O
+circuitry	O
+for	O
+interfacing	O
+were	O
+fabricated	O
+in	O
+a	O
+0.8	O
+-	O
+mu	O
+m	O
+CMOS	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+.	O
+Measured	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+switching	O
+scheme	O
+provides	O
+11-b	O
+resolution	O
+at	O
+100	O
+MSamples/s	O
+and	O
+6-b	O
+at	O
+1	O
+GSamples/s	O
+.	O
+The	O
+degradation	O
+in	O
+signal-to-noise	B-KEY
+ratio	I-KEY
+is	O
+not	O
+observed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+variation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+supply	O
+voltage	O
+down	O
+to	O
+1.5	B-KEY
+V	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+means	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+suitable	O
+for	O
+low-voltage	O
+applications	O
+
+Modeling	O
+daily	B-KEY
+realized	I-KEY
+futures	I-KEY
+volatility	I-KEY
+with	O
+singular	B-KEY
+spectrum	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+Using	O
+singular	B-KEY
+spectrum	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SSA	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+we	O
+model	O
+the	O
+realized	O
+volatility	O
+and	O
+logarithmic	B-KEY
+standard	I-KEY
+deviations	I-KEY
+of	O
+two	O
+important	O
+futures	O
+return	B-KEY
+series	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+realized	O
+volatility	O
+and	O
+logarithmic	B-KEY
+standard	I-KEY
+deviations	I-KEY
+are	O
+constructed	O
+following	O
+the	O
+methodology	O
+of	O
+Andersen	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+-LSB-	O
+J.	O
+Am	O
+.	O
+Stat	O
+.	O
+Ass	O
+.	O
+96	O
+-LRB-	O
+2001	O
+-RRB-	O
+42-55	O
+-RSB-	O
+using	O
+intra-day	O
+transaction	O
+data	O
+.	O
+We	O
+find	O
+that	O
+SSA	B-KEY
+decomposes	O
+the	O
+volatility	O
+series	O
+quite	O
+well	O
+and	O
+effectively	O
+captures	O
+both	O
+the	O
+market	B-KEY
+trend	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+accounting	O
+for	O
+about	O
+34-38	O
+%	O
+of	O
+the	O
+total	O
+variance	O
+in	O
+the	O
+series	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+,	O
+more	O
+importantly	O
+,	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+underlying	O
+market	B-KEY
+periodicities	I-KEY
+.	O
+Reliable	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+any	O
+periodicities	O
+is	O
+extremely	O
+important	O
+for	O
+options	B-KEY
+pricing	I-KEY
+and	O
+risk	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+and	O
+we	O
+believe	O
+that	O
+SSA	B-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+a	O
+useful	O
+addition	O
+to	O
+the	O
+financial	B-KEY
+practitioners	I-KEY
+'	O
+toolbox	O
+
+Incremental	B-KEY
+motion	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+synchronous	I-KEY
+motor	I-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+study	O
+a	O
+particular	O
+incremental	B-KEY
+motion	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+problem	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+specified	O
+by	O
+the	O
+trapezoidal	B-KEY
+velocity	I-KEY
+profile	I-KEY
+using	O
+multisegment	B-KEY
+sliding	I-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MSSMC	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+to	O
+control	O
+a	O
+permanent	O
+magnet	O
+linear	B-KEY
+synchronous	I-KEY
+motor	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+PMLSM	O
+-RRB-	O
+servo	B-KEY
+drive	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+the	O
+structure	O
+and	O
+operating	O
+principle	O
+of	O
+the	O
+PMLSM	O
+are	O
+described	O
+in	O
+detail	O
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+a	O
+field-oriented	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+PMLSM	O
+servo	O
+drive	O
+is	O
+introduced	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+,	O
+each	O
+segment	O
+of	O
+the	O
+multisegment	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+surfaces	I-KEY
+is	O
+designed	O
+to	O
+match	O
+the	O
+corresponding	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+trapezoidal	B-KEY
+velocity	I-KEY
+profile	I-KEY
+,	O
+thus	O
+the	O
+motor	B-KEY
+dynamics	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+specified-segment	O
+switching	O
+surface	O
+have	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+velocity	O
+or	O
+acceleration	O
+corresponding	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+trapezoidal	B-KEY
+velocity	I-KEY
+profile	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+control	O
+system	O
+is	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+a	O
+PC-based	O
+computer	O
+control	O
+system	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+PMLSM	O
+servo	B-KEY
+drive	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+by	O
+some	O
+simulated	O
+and	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+
+Diagnosis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+technical	O
+state	O
+of	O
+heat	O
+systems	O
+A	O
+step-by-step	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+diagnosis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+technical	O
+state	O
+of	O
+heat	O
+systems	O
+is	O
+stated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+class	O
+of	O
+physical	O
+defects	O
+is	O
+supplemented	O
+by	O
+the	O
+behavioral	O
+defects	O
+of	O
+objects	O
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+related	O
+to	O
+the	O
+disturbance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+modes	O
+of	O
+their	O
+operation	O
+.	O
+The	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+illustrated	O
+by	O
+an	O
+example	O
+of	O
+the	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+a	O
+specific	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+the	O
+diagnosis	O
+of	O
+a	O
+closed	O
+heat	O
+consumption	O
+system	O
+
+Accurate	O
+modeling	O
+of	O
+lossy	B-KEY
+nonuniform	I-KEY
+transmission	I-KEY
+lines	I-KEY
+by	O
+using	O
+differential	B-KEY
+quadrature	I-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+discusses	O
+an	O
+efficient	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+approximation	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+,	O
+called	O
+the	O
+differential	B-KEY
+quadrature	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DQM	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+which	O
+has	O
+been	O
+adapted	O
+to	O
+model	O
+lossy	O
+uniform	O
+and	O
+nonuniform	O
+transmission	O
+lines	O
+.	O
+The	O
+DQM	O
+can	O
+quickly	O
+compute	O
+the	O
+derivative	O
+of	O
+a	O
+function	O
+at	O
+any	O
+point	O
+within	O
+its	O
+bounded	O
+domain	O
+by	O
+estimating	O
+a	O
+weighted	O
+linear	O
+sum	O
+of	O
+values	O
+of	O
+the	O
+function	O
+at	O
+a	O
+small	O
+set	O
+of	O
+points	O
+belonging	O
+to	O
+the	O
+domain	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+the	O
+DQM	O
+,	O
+the	O
+frequency-domain	O
+Telegrapher	O
+'s	O
+partial	B-KEY
+differential	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+for	O
+transmission	O
+lines	O
+can	O
+be	O
+discretized	O
+into	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+easily	O
+solvable	O
+algebraic	B-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+.	O
+DQM	O
+reduces	O
+interconnects	B-KEY
+into	O
+multiport	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+whose	O
+port	O
+voltages	O
+and	O
+currents	O
+are	O
+related	O
+by	O
+rational	O
+formulas	O
+in	O
+the	O
+frequency	O
+domain	O
+.	O
+Although	O
+the	O
+rationalization	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+in	O
+DQM	O
+is	O
+comparable	O
+with	O
+the	O
+Pade	O
+approximation	O
+of	O
+asymptotic	O
+waveform	O
+evaluation	O
+-LRB-	O
+AWE	O
+-RRB-	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+transmission	O
+lines	O
+,	O
+the	O
+derivation	O
+mechanisms	O
+in	O
+these	O
+two	O
+disparate	O
+methods	O
+are	O
+significantly	O
+different	O
+.	O
+Unlike	O
+AWE	O
+,	O
+which	O
+employs	O
+a	O
+complex	O
+moment-matching	O
+process	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+rational	O
+approximation	O
+,	O
+the	O
+DQM	O
+requires	O
+no	O
+approximation	O
+of	O
+transcendental	O
+functions	O
+,	O
+thereby	O
+avoiding	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+moment	O
+generation	O
+and	O
+moment	O
+matching	O
+.	O
+Due	O
+to	O
+global	O
+sampling	O
+of	O
+points	O
+in	O
+the	O
+DQM	O
+approximation	O
+,	O
+it	O
+requires	O
+far	O
+fewer	O
+grid	O
+points	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+build	O
+accurate	O
+discrete	O
+models	O
+than	O
+other	O
+numerical	O
+methods	O
+do	O
+.	O
+The	O
+DQM-based	O
+time-domain	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+readily	O
+integrated	O
+in	O
+a	O
+circuit	O
+simulator	O
+like	O
+SPICE	O
+
+Power	B-KEY
+electronics	I-KEY
+spark	O
+new	O
+simulation	B-KEY
+challenges	I-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+discusses	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+changes	O
+that	O
+have	O
+taken	O
+place	O
+in	O
+power	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+explores	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+inherent	O
+requirements	O
+for	O
+simulation	B-KEY
+technologies	I-KEY
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+keep	O
+up	O
+with	O
+this	O
+rapidly	O
+changing	O
+environment	O
+.	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+describe	O
+how	O
+energy	O
+utilities	O
+are	O
+realizing	O
+that	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+appropriate	O
+tools	O
+,	O
+they	O
+can	O
+train	O
+and	O
+sustain	O
+engineers	O
+who	O
+can	O
+maintain	O
+a	O
+great	O
+insight	O
+into	O
+system	O
+dynamics	O
+
+Putting	O
+pen	O
+to	O
+screen	O
+on	O
+Tablet	B-KEY
+PCs	I-KEY
+With	O
+the	O
+release	O
+of	O
+the	O
+first	O
+Tablet	B-KEY
+PCs	I-KEY
+produced	O
+to	O
+Microsoft	B-KEY
+Corp.	O
+'s	O
+general	O
+specifications	O
+,	O
+handheld	O
+computers	B-KEY
+may	I-KEY
+be	O
+about	O
+to	O
+leap	O
+into	O
+the	O
+ring	O
+with	O
+today	O
+'s	O
+laptops	O
+.	O
+They	O
+will	O
+be	O
+about	O
+the	O
+size	O
+of	O
+the	O
+smaller	O
+laptops	O
+,	O
+will	O
+be	O
+at	O
+least	O
+as	O
+powerful	O
+,	O
+and	O
+maybe	O
+their	O
+biggest	O
+selling	O
+point-will	O
+be	O
+able	O
+to	O
+handle	O
+handwritten	B-KEY
+text	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+Tablet	B-KEY
+PCs	I-KEY
+will	O
+be	O
+amply	O
+configured	O
+,	O
+general-purpose	O
+machines	O
+with	O
+more	O
+than	O
+enough	O
+power	O
+to	O
+run	O
+the	O
+full-blown	O
+Windows	B-KEY
+XP	I-KEY
+operating	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+they	O
+will	O
+allow	O
+handwritten	B-KEY
+text	I-KEY
+to	O
+be	O
+entered	O
+onto	O
+a	O
+digitizing	B-KEY
+tablet	I-KEY
+and	O
+recognized	O
+,	O
+a	O
+functionality	O
+that	O
+'s	O
+called	O
+pen-based	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+Tablet	B-KEY
+PC	I-KEY
+will	O
+far	O
+outpace	O
+the	O
+computing	O
+power	O
+of	O
+existing	O
+small	O
+devices	O
+such	O
+as	O
+PDAs	O
+-LRB-	O
+personal	O
+digital	O
+assistants	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+including	O
+those	O
+variants	O
+based	O
+on	O
+Microsoft	B-KEY
+'s	O
+own	O
+Pocket	O
+PC	O
+operating	O
+system	O
+
+All-optical	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+NOR	I-KEY
+gate	I-KEY
+using	O
+two-cascaded	B-KEY
+semiconductor	I-KEY
+optical	I-KEY
+amplifiers	I-KEY
+The	O
+authors	O
+present	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+all-optical	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+NOR	I-KEY
+gate	I-KEY
+using	O
+two-cascaded	O
+semiconductor	O
+optical	O
+.	O
+amplifiers	O
+-LRB-	O
+SOAs	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+a	O
+counterpropagating	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+configuration	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+configuration	O
+accentuates	O
+the	O
+gain	B-KEY
+nonlinearity	I-KEY
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+mutual	B-KEY
+gain	I-KEY
+modulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+two	O
+SOAs	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+all-optical	O
+NOR	O
+gate	O
+feasibility	O
+has	O
+been	O
+demonstrated	O
+delivering	O
+an	O
+extinction	B-KEY
+ratio	I-KEY
+higher	O
+than	O
+12	O
+dB	O
+over	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+range	O
+of	O
+wavelength	O
+
+Licensing	O
+experiences	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Netherlands	B-KEY
+The	O
+licensing	B-KEY
+strategy	I-KEY
+of	O
+university	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+Netherlands	B-KEY
+is	O
+closely	O
+connected	O
+with	O
+university	B-KEY
+policies	I-KEY
+to	O
+develop	O
+document	B-KEY
+servers	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+make	O
+research	B-KEY
+publications	I-KEY
+available	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	B-KEY
+.	O
+National	O
+agreements	O
+have	O
+been	O
+made	O
+with	O
+major	O
+publishers	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+Elsevier	B-KEY
+Science	I-KEY
+and	O
+Kluwer	B-KEY
+Academic	I-KEY
+,	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+access	O
+to	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+range	O
+of	O
+scientific	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+experiment	O
+with	O
+new	O
+ways	O
+of	O
+providing	O
+information	O
+and	O
+new	O
+business	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+
+Using	O
+NetCloak	B-KEY
+to	O
+develop	O
+server-side	B-KEY
+Web-based	I-KEY
+experiments	I-KEY
+without	O
+writing	O
+CGI	B-KEY
+programs	I-KEY
+Server-side	O
+experiments	O
+use	O
+the	O
+Web	B-KEY
+server	I-KEY
+,	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+the	O
+participant	O
+'s	O
+browser	O
+,	O
+to	O
+handle	O
+tasks	O
+such	O
+as	O
+random	B-KEY
+assignment	I-KEY
+,	O
+eliminating	O
+inconsistencies	O
+with	O
+Java	B-KEY
+and	O
+other	O
+client-side	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+.	O
+Heretofore	O
+,	O
+experimenters	O
+wishing	O
+to	O
+create	O
+server-side	O
+experiments	O
+have	O
+had	O
+to	O
+write	O
+programs	O
+to	O
+create	O
+common	O
+gateway	O
+interface	O
+-LRB-	O
+CGI	O
+-RRB-	O
+scripts	O
+in	O
+programming	O
+languages	O
+such	O
+as	O
+Perl	B-KEY
+and	O
+C++	O
+.	O
+NetCloak	B-KEY
+uses	O
+simple	O
+,	O
+HTML-like	O
+commands	O
+to	O
+create	O
+CGIs	O
+.	O
+We	O
+used	O
+NetCloak	B-KEY
+to	O
+implement	O
+an	O
+experiment	O
+on	O
+probability	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Measurements	O
+of	O
+time	O
+on	O
+task	O
+and	O
+participants	O
+'	O
+IP	B-KEY
+addresses	I-KEY
+assisted	O
+quality	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+.	O
+Without	O
+prior	O
+training	O
+,	O
+in	O
+less	O
+than	O
+1	O
+month	O
+,	O
+we	O
+were	O
+able	O
+to	O
+use	O
+NetCloak	B-KEY
+to	O
+design	O
+and	O
+create	O
+a	O
+Web-based	O
+experiment	O
+and	O
+to	O
+help	O
+graduate	B-KEY
+students	I-KEY
+create	O
+three	O
+Web-based	O
+experiments	O
+of	O
+their	O
+own	O
+
+Union	O
+outreach	O
+-	O
+a	O
+pilgrim	O
+'s	O
+progress	O
+As	O
+the	O
+American	B-KEY
+labor	I-KEY
+movement	I-KEY
+continues	O
+on	O
+its	O
+path	O
+toward	O
+reorganization	O
+and	O
+rejuvenation	O
+,	O
+archivists	B-KEY
+are	O
+challenged	O
+to	O
+ensure	O
+that	O
+the	O
+organizational	O
+,	O
+political	O
+,	O
+and	O
+cultural	B-KEY
+changes	I-KEY
+labor	B-KEY
+unions	I-KEY
+are	O
+experiencing	O
+are	O
+fully	O
+documented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+examines	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+labor	B-KEY
+archivists	I-KEY
+to	O
+reach	O
+out	O
+actively	O
+to	O
+unions	O
+and	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+they	O
+face	O
+in	O
+getting	O
+their	O
+message	O
+across	O
+,	O
+not	O
+only	O
+to	O
+union	O
+leadership	O
+but	O
+also	O
+to	O
+union	O
+members	O
+.	O
+Outreach	O
+by	O
+labor	B-KEY
+archivists	I-KEY
+is	O
+vital	O
+on	O
+three	O
+critical	O
+fronts	O
+:	O
+the	O
+need	O
+to	O
+secure	O
+union	O
+funding	O
+in	O
+support	O
+of	O
+labor	O
+archival	O
+programs	O
+;	O
+obtaining	O
+union	O
+cooperation	O
+in	O
+reviewing	O
+and	O
+amending	O
+obsolete	O
+deposit	O
+agreements	O
+;	O
+and	O
+coordinating	O
+efforts	O
+with	O
+unions	O
+to	O
+save	O
+the	O
+records	O
+of	O
+closing	O
+district	O
+and	O
+local	O
+union	O
+offices	O
+.	O
+Attempting	O
+to	O
+resolve	O
+these	O
+outstanding	O
+issues	O
+,	O
+labor	B-KEY
+archivists	I-KEY
+are	O
+pulled	O
+between	O
+two	O
+distinct	O
+institutional	O
+cultures	O
+-LRB-	O
+one	O
+academic	O
+in	O
+nature	O
+,	O
+the	O
+other	O
+enmeshed	O
+in	O
+a	O
+union	O
+bureaucracy	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+often	O
+have	O
+their	O
+own	O
+labor	O
+archival	O
+programs	O
+compromised	O
+by	O
+the	O
+internal	O
+dynamics	O
+and	O
+politics	O
+inherent	O
+in	O
+administering	O
+large	O
+academic	O
+libraries	O
+and	O
+unions	O
+.	O
+If	O
+labor	B-KEY
+archivists	I-KEY
+are	O
+to	O
+be	O
+successful	O
+,	O
+they	O
+must	O
+find	O
+their	O
+collective	O
+voice	O
+within	O
+the	O
+labor	O
+movement	O
+and	O
+establish	O
+their	O
+relevancy	O
+to	O
+unions	O
+during	O
+a	O
+period	O
+of	O
+momentous	O
+change	O
+and	O
+restructuring	O
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+archivists	B-KEY
+need	O
+to	O
+give	O
+greater	O
+thought	O
+to	O
+designing	O
+and	O
+implementing	O
+outreach	O
+programs	O
+that	O
+bridge	O
+the	O
+fundamental	O
+``	O
+disconnect	O
+''	O
+between	O
+union	B-KEY
+bureaucracies	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+rank	O
+and	O
+file	O
+,	O
+and	O
+unions	O
+and	O
+the	O
+public	O
+
+Centroid	B-KEY
+detection	O
+based	O
+on	O
+optical	O
+correlation	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+three	O
+correlation-based	B-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+to	O
+simultaneously	O
+detect	O
+the	O
+centroids	B-KEY
+of	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+in	O
+an	O
+input	B-KEY
+scene	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+first	O
+method	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+modulus	O
+of	O
+the	O
+moment	O
+function	O
+,	O
+the	O
+second	O
+method	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+squaring	O
+the	O
+moment	O
+function	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+third	O
+method	O
+works	O
+with	O
+a	O
+single	B-KEY
+intensity	I-KEY
+filter	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+methods	O
+are	O
+invariant	O
+to	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+position	B-KEY
+,	O
+orientation	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+scale	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+object	O
+and	O
+result	O
+in	O
+good	O
+noise-smoothing	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+use	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+light	I-KEY
+modulators	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SLMs	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+directly	O
+implement	O
+the	O
+input	O
+of	O
+the	O
+image	O
+and	O
+filter	O
+information	O
+for	O
+the	O
+purpose	O
+of	O
+these	O
+approaches	O
+.	O
+We	O
+present	O
+results	O
+showing	O
+simulations	O
+from	O
+different	O
+approaches	O
+and	O
+provide	O
+comparisons	O
+between	O
+optical-correlation	O
+-	O
+and	O
+digital-moment-based	B-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+.	O
+Experimental	O
+results	O
+corresponding	O
+to	O
+an	O
+optical	B-KEY
+correlator	I-KEY
+using	O
+SLMs	O
+for	O
+the	O
+centroid	B-KEY
+detection	O
+are	O
+also	O
+presented	O
+
+Organization	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+:	O
+The	O
+continuing	O
+influence	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+Drawing	O
+from	O
+an	O
+information	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+perspective	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+examines	O
+how	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+IT	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+been	O
+a	O
+catalyst	O
+in	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+new	O
+forms	O
+of	O
+organizational	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+draws	O
+a	O
+historical	O
+linkage	O
+between	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+stability	O
+of	O
+an	O
+organization	O
+'s	O
+task	O
+environment	O
+starting	O
+after	O
+the	O
+Second	O
+World	O
+War	O
+to	O
+the	O
+present	O
+environmental	B-KEY
+instability	I-KEY
+that	O
+now	O
+characterizes	O
+many	O
+industries	O
+.	O
+Specifically	O
+,	O
+the	O
+authors	O
+suggest	O
+that	O
+advances	O
+in	O
+IT	O
+have	O
+enabled	O
+managers	O
+to	O
+adapt	O
+existing	O
+forms	O
+and	O
+create	O
+new	O
+models	O
+for	O
+organizational	O
+design	O
+that	O
+better	O
+fit	O
+requirements	O
+of	O
+an	O
+unstable	O
+environment	O
+.	O
+Time	O
+has	O
+seemingly	O
+borne	O
+out	O
+this	O
+hypothesis	O
+as	O
+the	O
+bureaucratic	O
+structure	O
+evolved	O
+to	O
+the	O
+matrix	O
+to	O
+the	O
+network	O
+and	O
+now	O
+to	O
+the	O
+emerging	O
+shadow	O
+structure	O
+.	O
+IT	O
+has	O
+gone	O
+from	O
+a	O
+support	O
+mechanism	O
+to	O
+a	O
+substitute	O
+for	O
+organizational	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+the	O
+shadow	O
+structure	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+the	O
+evolving	O
+and	O
+expanding	O
+role	O
+of	O
+IT	O
+will	O
+continue	O
+for	O
+organizations	O
+that	O
+face	O
+unstable	O
+environments	O
+
+Fitting	O
+mixed-effects	O
+models	O
+for	O
+repeated	B-KEY
+ordinal	I-KEY
+outcomes	I-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+NLMIXED	B-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+an	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+repeated	B-KEY
+ordinal	I-KEY
+outcomes	I-KEY
+arising	O
+from	O
+two	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+studies	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+first	O
+case	O
+is	O
+a	O
+repeated	B-KEY
+measures	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+variance	I-KEY
+;	O
+the	O
+second	O
+is	O
+a	O
+mixed-effects	B-KEY
+regression	I-KEY
+.	O
+in	O
+a	O
+longitudinal	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+both	O
+,	O
+the	O
+subject-specific	O
+variation	O
+is	O
+modeled	O
+by	O
+including	O
+random	B-KEY
+effects	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+linear	B-KEY
+predictor	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+inside	O
+a	O
+link	O
+function	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+a	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+linear	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+NLMIXED	B-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+in	O
+SAS	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+fit	O
+the	O
+mixed-effects	O
+models	O
+for	O
+the	O
+categorical	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+presentation	O
+emphasizes	O
+the	O
+parallel	O
+between	O
+the	O
+model	O
+.	O
+specifications	O
+and	O
+the	O
+SAS	O
+statements	O
+.	O
+The	O
+purpose	O
+of	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+to	O
+facilitate	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+mixed-effects	O
+models	O
+in	O
+the	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+repeated	B-KEY
+ordinal	I-KEY
+outcomes	I-KEY
+
+Defining	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+librarianship	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+content	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+of	O
+job	B-KEY
+advertisements	I-KEY
+Advances	O
+in	O
+technology	O
+create	O
+dramatic	O
+changes	O
+within	O
+libraries	O
+.	O
+The	O
+complex	O
+issues	O
+surrounding	O
+this	O
+new	O
+electronic	O
+,	O
+end-user	O
+environment	O
+have	O
+major	O
+ramifications	O
+and	O
+require	O
+expert	O
+knowledge	O
+.	O
+Electronic	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+librarians	I-KEY
+and	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+resources	I-KEY
+librarians	I-KEY
+are	O
+two	O
+specialized	O
+titles	O
+that	O
+have	O
+recently	O
+emerged	O
+within	O
+the	O
+field	O
+of	O
+librarianship	O
+to	O
+fill	O
+this	O
+niche	O
+.	O
+Job	B-KEY
+advertisements	I-KEY
+listed	O
+in	O
+American	B-KEY
+Libraries	I-KEY
+from	O
+January	O
+1989	O
+to	O
+December	O
+1998	O
+were	O
+examined	O
+to	O
+identify	O
+responsibilities	B-KEY
+,	O
+qualifications	B-KEY
+,	O
+organizational	O
+and	O
+salary	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+relating	O
+to	O
+the	O
+newly	O
+emerging	O
+role	O
+of	O
+electronic	O
+librarian	O
+
+Data	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+in	O
+location-dependent	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+Location-dependent	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+have	O
+great	O
+promise	O
+for	O
+mobile	O
+and	O
+pervasive	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+environments	O
+.	O
+They	O
+can	O
+provide	O
+local	O
+and	O
+nonlocal	O
+news	B-KEY
+,	O
+weather	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+traffic	B-KEY
+reports	I-KEY
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+directory	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+.	O
+Before	O
+they	O
+can	O
+be	O
+implemented	O
+on	O
+a	O
+large	O
+scale	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+several	O
+research	O
+issues	O
+must	O
+be	O
+addressed	O
+
+Improving	O
+the	O
+predicting	O
+power	O
+of	O
+partial	O
+order	O
+based	O
+QSARs	O
+through	O
+linear	B-KEY
+extensions	I-KEY
+Partial	B-KEY
+order	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+POT	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+an	O
+attractive	O
+and	O
+operationally	O
+simple	O
+method	O
+that	O
+allows	O
+ordering	O
+of	O
+compounds	O
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+selected	O
+structural	O
+and/or	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+modeled	B-KEY
+order	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+or	O
+based	O
+on	O
+their	O
+end	B-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+,	O
+e.g.	O
+,	O
+solubility	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+experimental	O
+order	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+If	O
+the	O
+modeled	B-KEY
+order	I-KEY
+resembles	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+order	O
+,	O
+compounds	O
+that	O
+are	O
+not	O
+experimentally	O
+investigated	O
+can	O
+be	O
+assigned	O
+a	O
+position	O
+in	O
+the	O
+model	O
+that	O
+eventually	O
+might	O
+lead	O
+to	O
+a	O
+prediction	O
+of	O
+an	O
+end-point	O
+value	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+in	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+POT	O
+in	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+structure-activity	I-KEY
+relationship	I-KEY
+modeling	O
+,	O
+only	O
+the	O
+compounds	O
+directly	O
+comparable	O
+to	O
+the	O
+noninvestigated	O
+compounds	O
+are	O
+applied	O
+.	O
+To	O
+explore	O
+the	O
+possibilities	O
+of	O
+improving	O
+the	O
+methodology	O
+,	O
+the	O
+theory	O
+is	O
+extended	O
+by	O
+application	O
+of	O
+the	O
+so-called	O
+linear	B-KEY
+extensions	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+model	B-KEY
+order	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+study	O
+show	O
+that	O
+partial	O
+ordering	O
+combined	O
+with	O
+linear	B-KEY
+extensions	I-KEY
+appears	O
+as	O
+a	O
+promising	O
+tool	O
+providing	O
+probability	O
+distribution	O
+curves	O
+in	O
+the	O
+range	O
+of	O
+possible	O
+end-point	O
+values	O
+for	O
+compounds	O
+not	O
+being	O
+experimentally	O
+investigated	O
+
+A	O
+comparison	O
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+constancy	I-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+.	O
+I	O
+:	O
+Methodology	O
+and	O
+experiments	O
+with	O
+synthesized	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+We	O
+introduce	O
+a	O
+context	O
+for	O
+testing	O
+computational	O
+color	O
+constancy	O
+,	O
+specify	O
+our	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+the	O
+leading	O
+algorithms	O
+,	O
+and	O
+report	O
+the	O
+results	O
+of	O
+three	O
+experiments	O
+using	O
+synthesized	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+.	O
+Experiments	O
+using	O
+synthesized	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+are	O
+important	O
+because	O
+the	O
+ground	O
+truth	O
+is	O
+known	O
+,	O
+possible	O
+confounds	O
+due	O
+to	O
+camera	O
+characterization	O
+and	O
+pre-processing	O
+are	O
+absent	O
+,	O
+and	O
+various	O
+factors	O
+affecting	O
+color	O
+constancy	O
+can	O
+be	O
+efficiently	O
+investigated	O
+because	O
+they	O
+can	O
+be	O
+manipulated	O
+individually	O
+and	O
+precisely	O
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithms	O
+chosen	O
+for	O
+close	O
+study	O
+include	O
+two	O
+gray	B-KEY
+world	I-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+limiting	O
+case	O
+of	O
+a	O
+version	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Retinex	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+variants	O
+of	O
+Forsyth	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1990	O
+-RRB-	O
+gamut-mapping	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+Cardei	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+neural	B-KEY
+net	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+Finlayson	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+'s	O
+color	B-KEY
+by	I-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Finlayson	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+1997	O
+,	O
+2001	O
+;	O
+Hubel	O
+and	O
+Finlayson	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+We	O
+investigate	O
+the	O
+ability	O
+of	O
+these	O
+algorithms	O
+to	O
+make	O
+estimates	O
+of	O
+three	O
+different	O
+color	O
+constancy	O
+quantities	O
+:	O
+the	O
+chromaticity	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+scene	B-KEY
+illuminant	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+overall	O
+magnitude	O
+of	O
+that	O
+illuminant	O
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+corrected	O
+,	O
+illumination	O
+invariant	O
+,	O
+image	O
+.	O
+We	O
+consider	O
+algorithm	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+function	O
+of	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+surfaces	O
+in	O
+scenes	O
+generated	O
+from	O
+reflectance	B-KEY
+spectra	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+effect	O
+on	O
+the	O
+algorithms	O
+of	O
+added	O
+specularities	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+subsequent	O
+clipping	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+data	O
+.	O
+All	O
+data	O
+is	O
+available	O
+on-line	O
+at	O
+http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/data	O
+,	O
+and	O
+implementations	O
+for	O
+most	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithms	O
+are	O
+also	O
+available	O
+-LRB-	O
+http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/code	O
+-RRB-	O
+
+A	O
+design	B-KEY
+to	I-KEY
+cost	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+for	O
+innovative	B-KEY
+product	I-KEY
+development	I-KEY
+Presents	O
+a	O
+prototype	O
+object-oriented	O
+and	O
+rule-based	O
+system	O
+for	O
+product	B-KEY
+cost	I-KEY
+modelling	I-KEY
+and	O
+design	B-KEY
+for	I-KEY
+automation	I-KEY
+at	O
+an	O
+early	O
+design	O
+stage	O
+.	O
+The	O
+developed	O
+system	O
+comprises	O
+a	O
+computer	O
+aided	O
+design	O
+-LRB-	O
+CAD	O
+-RRB-	O
+solid	O
+modelling	O
+system	O
+,	O
+a	O
+material	B-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+module	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+knowledge-based	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+KBS	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+process	B-KEY
+optimization	I-KEY
+module	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+design	B-KEY
+for	I-KEY
+assembly	I-KEY
+module	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+cost	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+module	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+user	B-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+.	O
+Two	O
+manufacturing	O
+processes	O
+,	O
+namely	O
+machining	B-KEY
+and	O
+injection	B-KEY
+moulding	I-KEY
+processes	O
+,	O
+were	O
+considered	O
+in	O
+the	O
+developed	O
+system	O
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+function	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+,	O
+besides	O
+estimating	O
+the	O
+product	O
+cost	O
+,	O
+is	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+initial	O
+process	B-KEY
+planning	I-KEY
+,	O
+including	O
+the	O
+generation	O
+and	O
+selection	O
+of	O
+machining	B-KEY
+processes	O
+,	O
+their	O
+sequence	O
+and	O
+their	O
+machining	B-KEY
+parameters	O
+,	O
+and	O
+to	O
+recommend	O
+the	O
+most	O
+economical	O
+assembly	O
+technique	O
+for	O
+a	O
+product	O
+and	O
+provide	O
+design	O
+improvement	O
+suggestions	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+design	O
+feasibility	O
+technique	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+a	O
+feature-by-feature	B-KEY
+cost	I-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+report	I-KEY
+is	O
+generated	O
+using	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+system	O
+to	O
+highlight	O
+the	O
+features	O
+of	O
+high	O
+manufacturing	O
+cost	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+case	O
+studies	O
+were	O
+used	O
+to	O
+validate	O
+the	O
+developed	O
+system	O
+
+Self-organizing	B-KEY
+feature	I-KEY
+maps	I-KEY
+predicting	O
+sea	O
+levels	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+for	O
+predicting	O
+sea	O
+levels	O
+employing	O
+self-organizing	B-KEY
+feature	I-KEY
+maps	I-KEY
+is	O
+introduced	O
+.	O
+For	O
+that	O
+purpose	O
+the	O
+maps	O
+are	O
+transformed	O
+from	O
+an	O
+unsupervised	O
+learning	O
+procedure	O
+to	O
+a	O
+supervised	O
+one	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+concepts	O
+,	O
+originally	O
+developed	O
+to	O
+solve	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+convergence	O
+of	O
+other	O
+network	O
+types	O
+,	O
+are	O
+proposed	O
+to	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+Kohonen	B-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+functional	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+neurons	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+learning	O
+examples	O
+and	O
+a	O
+criterion	O
+to	O
+break	O
+off	O
+learning	O
+.	O
+The	O
+latter	O
+one	O
+can	O
+be	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+be	O
+conform	O
+with	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+self-organization	O
+by	O
+using	O
+U-matrices	B-KEY
+for	O
+visualization	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+learning	O
+procedure	O
+.	O
+The	O
+predictions	O
+made	O
+using	O
+these	O
+neural	O
+models	O
+are	O
+compared	O
+for	O
+accuracy	O
+with	O
+observations	O
+and	O
+with	O
+the	O
+prognoses	O
+prepared	O
+using	O
+six	O
+models	O
+:	O
+two	O
+hydrodynamic	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+nearest	B-KEY
+neighbor	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+persistence	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+verbal	B-KEY
+forecasts	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+broadcast	O
+and	O
+kept	O
+on	O
+record	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Sea	B-KEY
+Level	I-KEY
+Forecast	I-KEY
+Service	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+Federal	B-KEY
+Maritime	I-KEY
+and	I-KEY
+Hydrography	I-KEY
+Agency	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+BSH	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+Hamburg	O
+.	O
+Before	O
+training	O
+the	O
+maps	O
+,	O
+the	O
+meteorological	O
+and	O
+oceanographic	B-KEY
+situation	I-KEY
+has	O
+to	O
+be	O
+condensed	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+possible	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+weight	O
+and	O
+learning	B-KEY
+vectors	I-KEY
+have	O
+to	O
+be	O
+made	O
+as	O
+small	O
+as	O
+possible	O
+.	O
+The	O
+self-organizing	B-KEY
+feature	I-KEY
+maps	I-KEY
+predict	O
+sea	O
+levels	O
+better	O
+than	O
+all	O
+six	O
+models	O
+of	O
+comparison	O
+
+How	O
+to	O
+avoid	O
+merger	B-KEY
+pitfalls	O
+Paul	O
+Diamond	O
+of	O
+consultancy	B-KEY
+KPMG	B-KEY
+explains	O
+why	O
+careful	O
+IT	B-KEY
+asset	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+is	O
+crucial	O
+to	O
+the	O
+success	O
+of	O
+mergers	B-KEY
+
+The	O
+ultimate	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+group	I-KEY
+Empirical	O
+research	O
+on	O
+the	O
+organization	O
+of	O
+firms	O
+requires	O
+that	O
+firms	O
+be	O
+classified	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+their	O
+control	O
+structures	O
+.	O
+This	O
+should	O
+be	O
+done	O
+in	O
+a	O
+way	O
+that	O
+can	O
+potentially	O
+be	O
+made	O
+operational	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+easy	O
+to	O
+identify	O
+the	O
+ultimate	O
+controller	O
+of	O
+a	O
+hierarchical	B-KEY
+organization	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+has	O
+largely	O
+focused	O
+on	O
+this	O
+case	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+many	O
+organizational	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+mix	O
+hierarchy	O
+with	O
+collective	O
+choice	O
+procedures	O
+such	O
+as	O
+voting	O
+,	O
+or	O
+use	O
+circular	O
+structures	O
+under	O
+which	O
+superiors	O
+are	O
+accountable	O
+to	O
+their	O
+subordinates	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+develops	O
+some	O
+analytic	O
+machinery	O
+that	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+map	O
+the	O
+authority	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+of	O
+such	O
+organizations	O
+,	O
+and	O
+show	O
+that	O
+under	O
+mild	O
+restrictions	O
+there	O
+is	O
+a	O
+well-defined	O
+ultimate	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+group	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+are	O
+consistent	O
+with	O
+intuitions	O
+about	O
+the	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+control	O
+in	O
+familiar	O
+economic	O
+settings	O
+
+Strain	B-KEY
+contouring	I-KEY
+using	O
+Gabor	B-KEY
+filters	I-KEY
+:	O
+principle	O
+and	O
+algorithm	B-KEY
+Moire	B-KEY
+interferometry	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+powerful	O
+technique	O
+for	O
+high	B-KEY
+sensitivity	I-KEY
+in-plane	I-KEY
+deformation	I-KEY
+contouring	I-KEY
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+from	O
+an	O
+engineering	O
+viewpoint	O
+,	O
+the	O
+derivatives	O
+of	O
+displacement	B-KEY
+,	O
+i.e.	O
+,	O
+strain	O
+,	O
+are	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+parameter	O
+.	O
+Thus	O
+there	O
+is	O
+a	O
+need	O
+to	O
+differentiate	B-KEY
+the	O
+displacement	B-KEY
+field	O
+.	O
+Optical	O
+and	O
+digital	B-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+have	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+for	O
+this	O
+differentiation	B-KEY
+.	O
+Optical	B-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+provide	O
+contours	O
+that	O
+still	O
+need	O
+to	O
+be	O
+quantified	O
+,	O
+while	O
+digital	B-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+suffer	O
+from	O
+drawbacks	O
+inherent	O
+in	O
+the	O
+digital	O
+differentiation	B-KEY
+process	O
+.	O
+We	O
+describe	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+approach	O
+of	O
+strain	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+moire	O
+pattern	O
+using	O
+a	O
+multichannel	B-KEY
+Gabor	I-KEY
+filter	I-KEY
+.	O
+Appropriate	O
+filter	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+allows	O
+for	O
+user-specific	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+essentially	O
+in	O
+engineering	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+and	O
+analysis	O
+
+Shaping	O
+the	O
+future	O
+.	O
+BendWizard	O
+:	O
+a	O
+tool	O
+for	O
+off-line	O
+programming	O
+of	O
+robotic	B-KEY
+tending	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+Setting	O
+up	O
+a	O
+robot	O
+to	O
+make	O
+metal	B-KEY
+cabinets	I-KEY
+or	O
+cases	O
+for	O
+desktop	O
+computers	O
+can	O
+be	O
+a	O
+complex	O
+operation	O
+.	O
+For	O
+instance	O
+,	O
+one	O
+expert	O
+might	O
+be	O
+required	O
+to	O
+carry	O
+out	O
+a	O
+feasibility	B-KEY
+study	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+then	O
+another	O
+to	O
+actually	O
+program	O
+the	O
+robot	O
+.	O
+Understandably	O
+,	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+so	O
+much	O
+expertise	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+time	O
+that	O
+'s	O
+required	O
+,	O
+generally	O
+limits	O
+the	O
+usefulness	O
+of	O
+automation	O
+to	O
+high-volume	B-KEY
+production	I-KEY
+.	O
+Workshops	B-KEY
+producing	O
+parts	O
+in	O
+batches	O
+smaller	O
+than	O
+50	O
+or	O
+so	O
+,	O
+or	O
+which	O
+rely	O
+heavily	O
+on	O
+semiskilled	O
+operators	O
+,	O
+are	O
+therefore	O
+often	O
+discouraged	O
+from	O
+investing	O
+in	O
+automation	O
+,	O
+and	O
+so	O
+miss	O
+out	O
+on	O
+its	O
+many	O
+advantages	O
+.	O
+What	O
+is	O
+needed	O
+is	O
+a	O
+software	O
+tool	O
+that	O
+operators	O
+without	O
+special	O
+knowledge	O
+of	O
+robotics	O
+,	O
+or	O
+with	O
+no	O
+more	O
+than	O
+rudimentary	O
+CAD	B-KEY
+skills	I-KEY
+,	O
+can	O
+use	O
+.	O
+One	O
+which	O
+allows	O
+easy	O
+offline	O
+programming	O
+and	O
+simulation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+work	O
+cell	O
+on	O
+a	O
+PC	O
+
+Dynamical	B-KEY
+transition	I-KEY
+to	O
+periodic	B-KEY
+motions	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+recurrent	B-KEY
+bus	I-KEY
+induced	O
+by	O
+nonstops	B-KEY
+We	O
+study	O
+the	O
+dynamical	O
+behavior	O
+of	O
+a	O
+recurrent	B-KEY
+bus	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+circular	B-KEY
+route	I-KEY
+with	O
+many	O
+bus	O
+stops	O
+when	O
+the	O
+recurrent	B-KEY
+bus	I-KEY
+passes	O
+some	O
+bus	O
+stops	O
+without	O
+stopping	O
+.	O
+The	O
+recurrent	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+one	O
+period	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+described	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+a	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+recurrent	B-KEY
+bus	I-KEY
+exhibits	O
+the	O
+complex	B-KEY
+periodic	I-KEY
+behaviors	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+dynamical	B-KEY
+transitions	I-KEY
+to	O
+periodic	B-KEY
+motions	I-KEY
+occur	O
+by	O
+increasing	O
+nonstops	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+periodic	B-KEY
+motions	I-KEY
+depend	O
+on	O
+the	O
+property	O
+of	O
+an	O
+attractor	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+period	O
+n	O
+of	O
+the	O
+attractor	B-KEY
+varies	O
+sensitively	O
+with	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+nonstops	B-KEY
+
+Building	O
+a	O
+better	O
+game	O
+through	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+Flip	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+Flip	O
+is	O
+a	O
+solitaire	B-KEY
+board	I-KEY
+game	I-KEY
+produced	O
+by	O
+craft	B-KEY
+woodworkers	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+analyze	O
+Flip	O
+and	O
+suggest	O
+modifications	O
+to	O
+the	O
+rules	O
+to	O
+make	O
+the	O
+game	O
+more	O
+marketable	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+to	O
+being	O
+an	O
+interesting	O
+application	O
+of	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+case	O
+shows	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+operations	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+in	O
+managerial	B-KEY
+decision	I-KEY
+making	I-KEY
+
+A	O
+self-adjusting	B-KEY
+quality	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+service	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+We	O
+propose	O
+and	O
+analyze	O
+a	O
+self-adjusting	O
+Quality	O
+of	O
+Service	O
+-LRB-	O
+QoS	O
+-RRB-	O
+control	O
+scheme	O
+with	O
+the	O
+goal	O
+of	O
+optimizing	O
+the	O
+system	O
+reward	O
+as	O
+a	O
+result	O
+of	O
+servicing	O
+different	O
+priority	B-KEY
+clients	I-KEY
+with	O
+varying	O
+workload	O
+,	O
+QoS	O
+and	O
+reward/penalty	O
+requirements	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+resource	B-KEY
+partitioning	I-KEY
+and	O
+designated	O
+``	O
+degrade	O
+QoS	O
+areas	O
+''	O
+such	O
+that	O
+system	O
+resources	O
+are	O
+partitioned	O
+into	O
+priority	O
+areas	O
+each	O
+of	O
+which	O
+is	O
+reserved	O
+specifically	O
+to	O
+serve	O
+only	O
+clients	O
+in	O
+a	O
+corresponding	O
+class	O
+with	O
+no	O
+QoS	O
+degradation	O
+,	O
+plus	O
+one	O
+``	O
+degraded	O
+QoS	O
+area	O
+''	O
+into	O
+which	O
+all	O
+clients	O
+can	O
+be	O
+admitted	O
+with	O
+QoS	O
+adjustment	O
+being	O
+applied	O
+only	O
+to	O
+the	O
+lowest	O
+priority	B-KEY
+clients	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+best	O
+partition	O
+is	O
+dictated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+workload	O
+and	O
+the	O
+reward/penalty	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+clients	O
+in	O
+difference	O
+priority	O
+classes	O
+.	O
+The	O
+analysis	O
+results	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+by	O
+a	O
+QoS	O
+manager	O
+to	O
+optimize	O
+the	O
+system	O
+total	O
+reward	O
+dynamically	O
+in	O
+response	O
+to	O
+changing	O
+workloads	O
+at	O
+run	O
+time	O
+.	O
+We	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+validity	O
+of	O
+our	O
+scheme	O
+by	O
+means	O
+of	O
+simulation	B-KEY
+and	O
+comparing	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+QoS	O
+self-adjusting	O
+scheme	O
+with	O
+those	O
+that	O
+do	O
+not	O
+use	O
+resource	B-KEY
+partitioning	I-KEY
+or	O
+designated	O
+degraded	O
+QoS	O
+areas	O
+
+Optimization	B-KEY
+of	O
+planning	O
+an	O
+advertising	O
+campaign	O
+of	O
+goods	O
+and	O
+services	O
+A	O
+generalization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+mathematical	O
+model	O
+and	O
+operations	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+problems	O
+formulated	O
+on	O
+its	O
+basis	O
+,	O
+which	O
+were	O
+presented	O
+by	O
+Belenky	O
+-LRB-	O
+2001	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+the	O
+framework	O
+of	O
+an	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+planning	O
+an	O
+advertising	O
+campaign	O
+of	O
+goods	O
+and	O
+services	O
+,	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+,	O
+and	O
+corresponding	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+problems	O
+with	O
+linear	O
+constraints	O
+are	O
+formulated	O
+
+New	O
+lower	B-KEY
+bounds	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+size	O
+of	O
+error-correcting	B-KEY
+codes	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+Z-channel	B-KEY
+Optimization	B-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+on	O
+graphs	B-KEY
+are	O
+formulated	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+new	O
+lower	B-KEY
+bounds	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+size	O
+of	O
+error-correcting	B-KEY
+codes	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+Z-channel	B-KEY
+
+Teaching	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+with	O
+spreadsheets	B-KEY
+:	O
+From	O
+decision	O
+models	O
+to	O
+decision	O
+support	O
+The	O
+1990s	O
+were	O
+a	O
+decade	O
+of	O
+enormous	O
+change	O
+for	O
+management	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MS	O
+-RRB-	O
+educators	O
+.	O
+While	O
+the	O
+outlook	O
+at	O
+the	O
+beginning	O
+of	O
+the	O
+decade	O
+was	O
+somewhat	O
+bleak	O
+,	O
+the	O
+renaissance	O
+in	O
+MS	B-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+brought	O
+about	O
+by	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+spreadsheets	B-KEY
+as	O
+the	O
+primary	O
+delivery	O
+vehicle	O
+for	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+techniques	O
+has	O
+resulted	O
+in	O
+a	O
+much	O
+brighter	O
+future	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+takes	O
+inventory	O
+of	O
+the	O
+current	O
+state	O
+of	O
+MS	B-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+and	O
+suggests	O
+some	O
+promising	O
+new	O
+directions	O
+in	O
+the	O
+area	O
+of	O
+decision	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+for	O
+MS	B-KEY
+educators	I-KEY
+to	O
+consider	O
+for	O
+the	O
+future	O
+
+Optimization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+in	O
+scalable	B-KEY
+resources	I-KEY
+The	O
+scalableness	O
+of	O
+resources	O
+is	O
+taken	O
+to	O
+mean	O
+the	O
+possibility	O
+of	O
+the	O
+prior	O
+change	O
+in	O
+the	O
+obtained	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+certain	O
+basic	O
+set	O
+of	O
+processors	O
+and	O
+the	O
+communication	B-KEY
+medium	I-KEY
+in	O
+an	O
+effort	O
+to	O
+optimize	O
+the	O
+dynamics	O
+of	O
+software	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+method	O
+is	O
+put	O
+forward	O
+for	O
+the	O
+generation	O
+of	O
+optimal	O
+strategies-a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+the	O
+versions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+fulfillment	O
+of	O
+programs	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+a	O
+vector	B-KEY
+criterion	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+is	O
+urgent	O
+for	O
+the	O
+effective	O
+use	O
+of	O
+resources	O
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+clusters	I-KEY
+and	O
+metacomputational	B-KEY
+media	I-KEY
+and	O
+also	O
+for	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+of	O
+processes	O
+in	O
+real	O
+time	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+static	B-KEY
+scaling	I-KEY
+
+New	O
+paradigms	O
+for	O
+interactive	B-KEY
+3D	I-KEY
+volume	I-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+We	O
+present	O
+a	O
+new	O
+virtual	O
+reality-based	O
+interaction	B-KEY
+metaphor	I-KEY
+for	O
+semi-automatic	O
+segmentation	O
+of	O
+medical	O
+3D	O
+volume	O
+data	O
+.	O
+The	O
+mouse-based	O
+,	O
+manual	O
+initialization	O
+of	O
+deformable	B-KEY
+surfaces	I-KEY
+in	O
+3D	O
+represents	O
+a	O
+major	O
+bottleneck	O
+in	O
+interactive	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+our	O
+multi-modal	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+we	O
+enhance	O
+this	O
+process	O
+with	O
+additional	O
+sensory	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+3D	B-KEY
+haptic	I-KEY
+device	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+extract	O
+the	O
+centreline	O
+of	O
+a	O
+tubular	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+obtained	O
+path	O
+a	O
+cylinder	O
+with	O
+varying	O
+diameter	O
+is	O
+generated	O
+,	O
+which	O
+in	O
+turn	O
+is	O
+used	O
+as	O
+the	O
+initial	O
+guess	O
+for	O
+a	O
+deformable	B-KEY
+surface	I-KEY
+
+On-line	O
+Homework/Quiz/Exam	O
+applet	O
+:	O
+freely	B-KEY
+available	I-KEY
+Java	I-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+for	O
+evaluating	O
+performance	O
+on	O
+line	O
+The	O
+Homework/Quiz/Exam	O
+applet	O
+is	O
+a	O
+freely	O
+available	O
+Java	O
+program	O
+that	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+evaluate	O
+student	O
+performance	O
+on	O
+line	O
+for	O
+any	O
+content	O
+authored	O
+by	O
+a	O
+teacher	O
+.	O
+It	O
+has	O
+database	B-KEY
+connectivity	I-KEY
+so	O
+that	O
+student	O
+scores	O
+are	O
+automatically	O
+recorded	O
+.	O
+It	O
+allows	O
+several	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+questions	O
+.	O
+Each	O
+question	O
+can	O
+be	O
+linked	O
+to	O
+images	B-KEY
+and	O
+detailed	B-KEY
+story	I-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+.	O
+Three	O
+levels	O
+of	O
+feedback	B-KEY
+are	O
+provided	O
+to	O
+student	O
+responses	O
+.	O
+It	O
+allows	O
+teachers	O
+to	O
+randomize	O
+the	O
+sequence	O
+of	O
+questions	O
+and	O
+to	O
+randomize	O
+which	O
+of	O
+several	O
+options	O
+is	O
+the	O
+correct	O
+answer	O
+in	O
+multiple-choice	B-KEY
+questions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+creation	O
+and	O
+editing	O
+of	O
+questions	O
+involves	O
+menu	B-KEY
+selections	I-KEY
+,	O
+button	B-KEY
+presses	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+typing	O
+of	O
+content	O
+;	O
+no	O
+programming	O
+knowledge	O
+is	O
+required	O
+.	O
+The	O
+code	O
+is	O
+open	O
+source	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+encourage	O
+modifications	O
+that	O
+will	O
+meet	O
+individual	B-KEY
+pedagogical	I-KEY
+needs	I-KEY
+
+System	B-KEY
+embedding	I-KEY
+.	O
+Control	O
+with	O
+reduced	O
+observer	O
+Two	O
+interrelated	O
+problems-design	O
+of	O
+the	O
+reduced	O
+observer	O
+of	O
+plant	O
+state	O
+separately	O
+and	O
+together	O
+with	O
+its	O
+control	O
+system-were	O
+considered	O
+from	O
+the	O
+standpoint	O
+of	O
+designing	O
+the	O
+multivariable	B-KEY
+linear	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+from	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+matrix	B-KEY
+transfer	I-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+matrix	O
+equations	O
+defining	O
+the	O
+entire	O
+constructive	O
+class	O
+of	O
+solutions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+posed	O
+problems	O
+were	O
+obtained	O
+using	O
+the	O
+system	B-KEY
+embedding	I-KEY
+technology	O
+.	O
+As	O
+was	O
+demonstrated	O
+,	O
+control	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+reduced	O
+observer	O
+is	O
+capable	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+response	O
+to	O
+the	O
+control	O
+input	O
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+the	O
+response	O
+to	O
+the	O
+nonzero	O
+initial	O
+conditions	O
+,	O
+only	O
+for	O
+the	O
+directly	O
+measurable	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+components	O
+of	O
+the	O
+state	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+illustrative	O
+example	O
+was	O
+presented	O
+
+A	O
+method	O
+of	O
+determining	O
+a	O
+sequence	O
+of	O
+the	O
+best	B-KEY
+solutions	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+on	O
+finite	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+network	B-KEY
+reconstruction	I-KEY
+A	O
+method	O
+of	O
+determining	O
+a	O
+sequence	O
+of	O
+the	O
+best	B-KEY
+solutions	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+on	O
+finite	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+was	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+complexity	B-KEY
+was	O
+estimated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+polynomial	O
+of	O
+the	O
+dimension	O
+of	O
+problem	O
+input	O
+,	O
+given	O
+number	O
+of	O
+sequence	O
+terms	O
+,	O
+and	O
+complexity	B-KEY
+of	O
+completing	O
+the	O
+design	O
+of	O
+the	O
+original	O
+extremal	O
+problem	O
+.	O
+The	O
+technique	O
+developed	O
+was	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+the	O
+typical	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+network	B-KEY
+reconstruction	I-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+aim	O
+of	O
+increasing	O
+its	O
+throughput	O
+under	O
+restricted	O
+reconstruction	O
+costs	O
+
+Automated	B-KEY
+breath	I-KEY
+detection	I-KEY
+on	O
+long-duration	B-KEY
+signals	I-KEY
+using	O
+feedforward	B-KEY
+backpropagation	I-KEY
+artificial	I-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+A	O
+new	O
+breath-detection	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+,	O
+intended	O
+to	O
+automate	O
+the	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+respiratory	O
+data	O
+acquired	O
+during	O
+sleep	O
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+two	O
+independent	O
+artificial	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+-LRB-	O
+ANN/sub	O
+insp	O
+/	O
+and	O
+ANN/sub	O
+expi	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+recognize	O
+,	O
+in	O
+the	O
+original	O
+signal	O
+,	O
+windows	O
+of	O
+interest	O
+where	O
+the	O
+onset	O
+of	O
+inspiration	B-KEY
+and	O
+expiration	B-KEY
+occurs	O
+.	O
+Postprocessing	B-KEY
+consists	O
+in	O
+finding	O
+inside	O
+each	O
+of	O
+these	O
+windows	O
+of	O
+interest	O
+minimum	O
+and	O
+maximum	O
+corresponding	O
+to	O
+each	O
+inspiration	B-KEY
+and	O
+expiration	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+ANN/sub	O
+insp	O
+/	O
+and	O
+ANN/sub	O
+expi	O
+/	O
+correctly	O
+determine	O
+respectively	O
+98.0	O
+%	O
+and	O
+98.7	O
+%	O
+of	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+windows	O
+,	O
+when	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+29	O
+820	O
+inspirations	B-KEY
+and	O
+29	O
+819	O
+expirations	B-KEY
+detected	O
+by	O
+a	O
+human	B-KEY
+expert	I-KEY
+,	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+three	O
+entire-night	B-KEY
+recordings	I-KEY
+.	O
+Postprocessing	B-KEY
+allowed	O
+determination	O
+of	O
+inspiration	B-KEY
+and	O
+expiration	B-KEY
+onsets	O
+with	O
+a	O
+mean	O
+difference	O
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+the	O
+same	O
+human	B-KEY
+expert	I-KEY
+of	O
+-LRB-	O
+mean	O
++	O
+or	O
+-	O
+SD	O
+-RRB-	O
+34	O
++	O
+or	O
+-	O
+71	O
+ms	O
+for	O
+inspiration	B-KEY
+and	O
+5	O
++	O
+or	O
+-	O
+46	O
+ms	O
+for	O
+expiration	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+proved	O
+to	O
+be	O
+effective	O
+in	O
+detecting	O
+the	O
+onset	O
+of	O
+inspiration	B-KEY
+and	O
+expiration	B-KEY
+in	O
+full	O
+night	O
+continuous	O
+recordings	O
+.	O
+A	O
+comparison	O
+of	O
+five	O
+human	B-KEY
+experts	I-KEY
+performing	O
+the	O
+same	O
+classification	O
+task	O
+yielded	O
+that	O
+the	O
+automated	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+was	O
+undifferentiable	O
+from	O
+these	O
+human	B-KEY
+experts	I-KEY
+,	O
+failing	O
+within	O
+the	O
+distribution	O
+of	O
+human	B-KEY
+expert	I-KEY
+results	O
+.	O
+Besides	O
+being	O
+applicable	O
+to	O
+adult	B-KEY
+respiratory	I-KEY
+volume	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+presented	O
+algorithm	O
+was	O
+also	O
+successfully	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+infant	B-KEY
+sleep	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+,	O
+consisting	O
+of	O
+uncalibrated	B-KEY
+rib	I-KEY
+cage	I-KEY
+and	O
+abdominal	B-KEY
+movement	I-KEY
+recordings	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+comparison	O
+with	O
+two	O
+previously	O
+published	O
+algorithms	O
+for	O
+breath	O
+detection	O
+in	O
+respiratory	O
+volume	O
+signal	O
+shows	O
+that	O
+the	O
+presented	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+a	O
+higher	O
+specificity	O
+,	O
+while	O
+presenting	O
+similar	O
+or	O
+higher	O
+positive	O
+predictive	O
+values	O
+
+Streaming	B-KEY
+,	O
+disruptive	B-KEY
+interference	I-KEY
+and	O
+power-law	B-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+exit	B-KEY
+dynamics	I-KEY
+of	O
+confined	B-KEY
+pedestrians	I-KEY
+We	O
+analyze	O
+the	O
+exit	B-KEY
+dynamics	I-KEY
+of	O
+pedestrians	O
+who	O
+are	O
+initially	O
+confined	O
+in	O
+a	O
+room	O
+.	O
+Pedestrians	O
+are	O
+modeled	O
+as	O
+cellular	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+and	O
+compete	O
+to	O
+escape	O
+via	O
+a	O
+known	O
+exit	O
+at	O
+the	O
+soonest	O
+possible	O
+time	O
+.	O
+A	O
+pedestrian	O
+could	O
+move	O
+forward	O
+,	O
+backward	O
+,	O
+left	O
+or	O
+right	O
+within	O
+each	O
+iteration	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+depending	O
+on	O
+adjacent	B-KEY
+cell	I-KEY
+vacancy	I-KEY
+and	O
+in	O
+accordance	O
+with	O
+simple	O
+rules	O
+that	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+compulsion	O
+to	O
+move	O
+and	O
+physical	O
+capability	O
+relative	O
+to	O
+his	O
+neighbors	O
+.	O
+The	O
+arching	B-KEY
+signatures	I-KEY
+of	O
+jamming	B-KEY
+were	O
+observed	O
+and	O
+the	O
+pedestrians	O
+exited	O
+in	O
+bursts	O
+of	O
+various	O
+sizes	O
+.	O
+Power-law	B-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+is	O
+found	O
+in	O
+the	O
+burst-size	B-KEY
+frequency	I-KEY
+distribution	I-KEY
+for	O
+exit	O
+widths	O
+w	O
+greater	O
+than	O
+one	O
+cell	O
+dimension	O
+-LRB-	O
+w	O
+>	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+slope	O
+of	O
+the	O
+power-law	O
+curve	O
+varies	O
+with	O
+w	O
+from	O
+-1.3092	O
+-LRB-	O
+w	O
+=	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+-1.0720	O
+-LRB-	O
+w	O
+=	O
+20	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Streaming	B-KEY
+which	O
+is	O
+a	O
+diffusive	O
+behavior	O
+,	O
+arises	O
+in	O
+large	O
+burst	O
+sizes	O
+and	O
+is	O
+more	O
+likely	O
+in	O
+a	O
+single-exit	O
+room	O
+with	O
+w	O
+=	O
+1	O
+and	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+a	O
+counterintuitive	O
+result	O
+wherein	O
+an	O
+average	O
+exit	O
+throughput	O
+Q	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+that	O
+is	O
+higher	O
+than	O
+with	O
+w	O
+=	O
+2	O
+,	O
+3	O
+,	O
+or	O
+4	O
+.	O
+For	O
+a	O
+two-exit	O
+room	O
+-LRB-	O
+w	O
+=	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+Q	O
+is	O
+not	O
+greater	O
+than	O
+twice	O
+the	O
+yield	O
+of	O
+a	O
+single-exit	O
+room	O
+.	O
+If	O
+the	O
+doors	O
+are	O
+not	O
+separated	O
+far	O
+enough	O
+-LRB-	O
+<	O
+4w	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+Q	O
+becomes	O
+even	O
+significantly	O
+less	O
+due	O
+to	O
+a	O
+collective	B-KEY
+slow-down	I-KEY
+that	O
+emerges	O
+among	O
+pedestrians	O
+crossing	O
+in	O
+each	O
+other	O
+'s	O
+path	O
+-LRB-	O
+disruptive	B-KEY
+interference	I-KEY
+effect	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+same	O
+w	O
+and	O
+door	O
+number	O
+,	O
+Q	O
+is	O
+also	O
+higher	O
+with	O
+relaxed	O
+pedestrians	O
+than	O
+with	O
+anxious	O
+ones	O
+
+Windows	B-KEY
+XP	I-KEY
+fast	I-KEY
+user	I-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+The	O
+Windows	O
+NT	O
+family	O
+of	O
+operating	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+has	O
+always	O
+supported	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+user	I-KEY
+accounts	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+they	O
+'ve	O
+taken	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+a	O
+step	O
+further	O
+with	O
+Windows	O
+XP	O
+'s	O
+Fast	O
+User	O
+Switching	O
+feature	O
+.	O
+Fast	O
+User	O
+Switching	O
+is	O
+a	O
+new	O
+feature	O
+of	O
+Windows	O
+XP	O
+that	O
+allows	O
+multiple	O
+users	O
+to	O
+log	O
+on	O
+to	O
+the	O
+same	O
+machine	O
+and	O
+quickly	O
+switch	O
+between	O
+the	O
+logged	O
+on	O
+accounts	O
+.	O
+Fast	O
+User	O
+Switching	O
+is	O
+implemented	O
+using	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+built-in	O
+capabilities	O
+of	O
+Terminal	B-KEY
+Services	I-KEY
+.	O
+Terminal	B-KEY
+Server	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+around	O
+for	O
+a	O
+while	O
+but	O
+is	O
+much	O
+more	O
+feature	O
+rich	O
+and	O
+integrated	O
+in	O
+Windows	O
+XP	O
+.	O
+A	O
+machine	O
+with	O
+the	O
+terminal	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Remote	B-KEY
+Desktop	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+client	O
+can	O
+log	O
+on	O
+to	O
+and	O
+run	O
+applications	O
+on	O
+a	O
+remote	O
+machine	O
+running	O
+the	O
+terminal	B-KEY
+server	I-KEY
+
+Personality	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+comparison	O
+of	O
+Web-based	O
+and	O
+traditional	O
+instruments	O
+in	O
+take-home	O
+and	O
+in-class	O
+settings	O
+Students	O
+,	O
+faculty	O
+,	O
+and	O
+researchers	O
+have	O
+become	O
+increasingly	O
+comfortable	O
+with	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+many	O
+of	O
+them	O
+are	O
+interested	O
+in	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+to	O
+collect	O
+data	O
+.	O
+Few	O
+published	O
+studies	O
+have	O
+investigated	O
+the	O
+differences	O
+between	O
+Web-based	O
+data	O
+and	O
+data	B-KEY
+collected	I-KEY
+with	O
+more	O
+traditional	O
+methods	O
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+investigate	O
+these	O
+potential	O
+differences	O
+,	O
+two	O
+important	O
+factors	O
+were	O
+crossed	O
+in	O
+this	O
+study	O
+:	O
+whether	O
+the	O
+data	O
+were	O
+collected	O
+on	O
+line	O
+or	O
+not	O
+and	O
+whether	O
+the	O
+data	O
+were	O
+collected	O
+in	O
+a	O
+group	O
+setting	O
+at	O
+a	O
+fixed	O
+time	O
+or	O
+individually	O
+at	O
+a	O
+time	O
+of	O
+the	O
+respondent	O
+'s	O
+choosing	O
+.	O
+The	O
+Visions	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Morality	I-KEY
+scale	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Shelton	O
+and	O
+McAdams	O
+,	O
+1990	O
+-RRB-	O
+was	O
+used	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+participants	O
+were	O
+assigned	O
+to	O
+one	O
+of	O
+four	O
+conditions	O
+:	O
+in-class	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+,	O
+in-class	B-KEY
+paper-and-pencil	I-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+;	O
+take-home	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+take-home	B-KEY
+paper-and-pencil	I-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+.	O
+No	O
+significant	O
+differences	O
+in	O
+scores	O
+were	O
+found	O
+for	O
+any	O
+condition	O
+;	O
+however	O
+,	O
+response	B-KEY
+rates	I-KEY
+were	O
+affected	O
+by	O
+the	O
+type	O
+of	O
+survey	O
+administered	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+take-home	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+instrument	I-KEY
+having	O
+the	O
+lowest	O
+response	B-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+.	O
+Therefore	O
+,	O
+researchers	O
+need	O
+to	O
+be	O
+aware	O
+that	O
+different	O
+modes	O
+of	O
+administration	B-KEY
+may	O
+affect	O
+subject	B-KEY
+attrition	I-KEY
+and	O
+may	O
+,	O
+therefore	O
+,	O
+confound	O
+investigations	O
+of	O
+other	O
+independent	O
+variables	O
+
+Recommendations	O
+for	O
+implementing	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+inquiry	I-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+The	O
+purpose	O
+of	O
+the	O
+study	O
+presented	O
+was	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+recommendations	O
+to	O
+teachers	B-KEY
+who	O
+are	O
+interested	O
+in	O
+implementing	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+inquiry	I-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+.	O
+Four	O
+classes	O
+of	O
+ninth	O
+-	O
+and	O
+tenth-grade	O
+honors	B-KEY
+students	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+N	O
+=	O
+100	O
+-RRB-	O
+participated	O
+in	O
+an	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+inquiry	I-KEY
+project	I-KEY
+in	O
+which	O
+they	O
+were	O
+presented	O
+with	O
+an	O
+ecology	B-KEY
+question	I-KEY
+that	O
+required	O
+them	O
+to	O
+make	O
+a	O
+decision	O
+based	O
+on	O
+information	O
+that	O
+they	O
+gathered	O
+,	O
+analyzed	O
+,	O
+and	O
+synthesized	O
+from	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+and	O
+their	O
+textbook	O
+.	O
+Students	O
+then	O
+composed	O
+papers	O
+with	O
+a	O
+rationale	O
+for	O
+their	O
+decision	O
+.	O
+Students	O
+in	O
+one	O
+group	O
+had	O
+access	O
+to	O
+pre-selected	B-KEY
+relevant	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+,	O
+access	O
+to	O
+the	O
+entire	O
+Internet	O
+,	O
+and	O
+were	O
+provided	O
+with	O
+less	O
+online	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+.	O
+Students	O
+in	O
+the	O
+other	O
+group	O
+had	O
+access	O
+to	O
+only	O
+pre-selected	B-KEY
+relevant	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+were	O
+provided	O
+with	O
+more	O
+online	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+.	O
+Two	O
+of	O
+the	O
+most	O
+important	O
+recommendations	O
+were	O
+:	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+students	O
+with	O
+more	O
+online	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+;	O
+and	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+students	O
+with	O
+pre-selected	B-KEY
+relevant	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+and	O
+allow	O
+them	O
+to	O
+search	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+for	O
+information	O
+
+On	O
+the	O
+Beth	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+some	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+modal	I-KEY
+logics	I-KEY
+Let	O
+L	O
+be	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+modal	I-KEY
+logics	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+in	O
+the	O
+classical	O
+modal	O
+case	O
+,	O
+we	O
+define	O
+two	O
+different	O
+forms	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Beth	B-KEY
+property	I-KEY
+for	O
+L	O
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+denoted	O
+by	O
+B1	O
+and	O
+B2	O
+;	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+we	O
+study	O
+the	O
+relation	O
+among	O
+B1	O
+,	O
+B2	O
+and	O
+the	O
+interpolation	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+C1	O
+and	O
+C2	O
+.	O
+It	O
+turns	O
+out	O
+that	O
+C1	O
+implies	O
+B1	O
+,	O
+but	O
+contrary	O
+to	O
+the	O
+boolean	O
+case	O
+,	O
+is	O
+not	O
+equivalent	O
+to	O
+B1	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+B2	O
+and	O
+C2	O
+are	O
+independent	O
+,	O
+and	O
+moreover	O
+it	O
+comes	O
+out	O
+that	O
+,	O
+in	O
+contrast	O
+to	O
+classical	O
+case	O
+,	O
+there	O
+exists	O
+an	O
+extension	O
+of	O
+the	O
+intuitionistic	B-KEY
+modal	I-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+of	O
+S/sub	O
+4	O
+/	O
+-	O
+type	O
+,	O
+that	O
+has	O
+not	O
+the	O
+property	O
+B2	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+we	O
+give	O
+two	O
+algebraic	O
+properties	O
+,	O
+that	O
+characterize	O
+respectively	O
+B1	O
+and	O
+B2	O
+
+Binocular	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+figure-ground	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+in	O
+translucent	O
+and	O
+occluding	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+A	O
+Fourier-based	B-KEY
+solution	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+figure-ground	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+in	O
+short	O
+baseline	O
+binocular	O
+image	B-KEY
+pairs	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+Each	O
+image	B-KEY
+is	O
+modeled	O
+as	O
+an	O
+additive	O
+composite	O
+of	O
+two	O
+component	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+that	O
+exhibit	O
+a	O
+spatial	O
+shift	O
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+binocular	O
+parallax	O
+.	O
+The	O
+segmentation	O
+is	O
+accomplished	O
+by	O
+decoupling	O
+each	O
+Fourier	O
+component	O
+in	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+resultant	O
+additive	O
+images	B-KEY
+into	O
+its	O
+two	O
+constituent	O
+phasors	B-KEY
+,	O
+allocating	O
+each	O
+to	O
+its	O
+appropriate	O
+object-specific	B-KEY
+spectrum	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+then	O
+reconstructing	O
+the	O
+foreground	B-KEY
+and	O
+background	B-KEY
+using	O
+the	O
+inverse	B-KEY
+Fourier	I-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+foreground	B-KEY
+and	O
+background	B-KEY
+shifts	O
+can	O
+be	O
+computed	O
+from	O
+the	O
+differences	O
+of	O
+the	O
+magnitudes	O
+and	O
+phases	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Fourier	O
+transform	O
+of	O
+the	O
+binocular	O
+image	B-KEY
+pair	O
+.	O
+While	O
+the	O
+model	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+translucent	B-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+,	O
+it	O
+also	O
+works	O
+with	O
+occluding	B-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+
+Nonlinear	B-KEY
+extrapolation	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+realization	O
+of	O
+a	O
+scalar	B-KEY
+random	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+A	O
+method	O
+of	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+a	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+extrapolation	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+This	O
+method	O
+makes	O
+it	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+take	O
+into	O
+account	O
+any	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+random	I-KEY
+dependences	I-KEY
+that	O
+exist	O
+in	O
+an	O
+investigated	O
+process	O
+and	O
+are	O
+described	O
+by	O
+mixed	B-KEY
+central	I-KEY
+moment	I-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+V.	O
+S.	O
+Pugachev	O
+canonical	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+apparatus	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+an	O
+example	O
+,	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+nonlinear	O
+extrapolation	O
+is	O
+solved	O
+for	O
+a	O
+moment	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+of	O
+third	O
+order	O
+
+A	O
+humanist	O
+'s	O
+legacy	O
+in	O
+medical	B-KEY
+informatics	I-KEY
+:	O
+visions	O
+and	O
+accomplishments	O
+of	O
+Professor	B-KEY
+Jean-Raoul	I-KEY
+Scherrer	I-KEY
+The	O
+objective	O
+is	O
+to	O
+report	O
+on	O
+the	O
+work	O
+of	O
+Prof.	O
+Jean-Raoul	O
+Scherrer	O
+,	O
+and	O
+show	O
+how	O
+his	O
+humanist	O
+vision	O
+,	O
+medical	O
+skills	O
+and	O
+scientific	O
+background	O
+have	O
+enabled	O
+and	O
+shaped	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+medical	B-KEY
+informatics	I-KEY
+over	O
+the	O
+last	O
+30	O
+years	O
+.	O
+Starting	O
+with	O
+the	O
+mainframe-based	O
+patient-centred	O
+hospital	O
+information	O
+system	O
+DIOGENE	O
+in	O
+the	O
+70s	O
+,	O
+Prof.	O
+Scherrer	O
+developed	O
+,	O
+implemented	O
+and	O
+evolved	O
+innovative	O
+concepts	O
+of	O
+man-machine	B-KEY
+interfaces	I-KEY
+,	O
+distributed	O
+and	O
+federated	O
+environments	O
+,	O
+leading	O
+the	O
+way	O
+with	O
+information	O
+systems	O
+that	O
+obstinately	O
+focused	O
+on	O
+the	O
+support	O
+of	O
+care	O
+providers	O
+and	O
+patients	O
+.	O
+Through	O
+a	O
+rigorous	O
+design	O
+of	O
+terminologies	O
+and	O
+ontologies	O
+,	O
+the	O
+DIOGENE	O
+data	O
+would	O
+then	O
+serve	O
+as	O
+a	O
+basis	O
+for	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+clinical	O
+research	O
+,	O
+data	B-KEY
+mining	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+lead	O
+to	O
+innovative	O
+natural	B-KEY
+language	I-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+techniques	O
+.	O
+In	O
+parallel	O
+,	O
+Prof.	O
+Scherrer	O
+supported	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+medical	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+,	O
+ranging	O
+from	O
+a	O
+distributed	O
+picture	O
+archiving	O
+and	O
+communication	O
+systems	O
+-LRB-	O
+PACS	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+molecular	O
+imaging	O
+of	O
+protein	O
+electrophoreses	O
+.	O
+Recognizing	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+improving	O
+the	O
+quality	O
+and	O
+trustworthiness	O
+of	O
+medical	O
+information	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+,	O
+Prof.	O
+Scherrer	O
+created	O
+the	O
+Health-On-the	O
+Net	O
+-LRB-	O
+HON	O
+-RRB-	O
+foundation	O
+.	O
+These	O
+achievements	O
+,	O
+made	O
+possible	O
+thanks	O
+to	O
+his	O
+visionary	O
+mind	O
+,	O
+deep	O
+humanism	O
+,	O
+creativity	O
+,	O
+generosity	O
+and	O
+determination	O
+,	O
+have	O
+made	O
+of	O
+Prof.	O
+Scherrer	O
+a	O
+true	O
+pioneer	O
+and	O
+leader	O
+of	O
+the	O
+human-centered	O
+,	O
+patient-oriented	O
+application	O
+of	O
+information	O
+technology	O
+for	O
+improving	O
+healthcare	O
+
+High-density	B-KEY
+remote	I-KEY
+storage	I-KEY
+:	O
+the	O
+Ohio	B-KEY
+State	I-KEY
+University	I-KEY
+Libraries	I-KEY
+depository	O
+The	O
+article	O
+describes	O
+a	O
+high-density	B-KEY
+off-site	I-KEY
+book	I-KEY
+storage	I-KEY
+facility	I-KEY
+operated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Ohio	B-KEY
+State	I-KEY
+University	I-KEY
+Libraries	I-KEY
+.	O
+Opened	O
+in	O
+1995	O
+,	O
+it	O
+has	O
+the	O
+capacity	O
+to	O
+house	O
+nearly	O
+1.5	O
+million	O
+items	O
+in	O
+only	O
+9000	O
+square	O
+feet	O
+by	O
+shelving	B-KEY
+books	O
+by	O
+size	O
+on	O
+30-foot	O
+tall	O
+shelving	B-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+sophisticated	O
+climate	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+extends	O
+the	O
+life	O
+of	O
+stored	B-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+up	O
+to	O
+12	O
+times	O
+.	O
+An	O
+online	B-KEY
+catalog	I-KEY
+record	I-KEY
+for	O
+each	O
+item	O
+informs	O
+patrons	B-KEY
+that	O
+the	O
+item	O
+is	O
+located	O
+in	O
+a	O
+remote	B-KEY
+location	I-KEY
+.	O
+Regular	O
+courier	B-KEY
+deliveries	I-KEY
+from	O
+the	O
+storage	O
+facility	O
+bring	O
+requested	O
+materials	O
+to	O
+patrons	B-KEY
+with	O
+minimal	O
+delay	O
+
+Adaptive	B-KEY
+digital	I-KEY
+watermarking	I-KEY
+using	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+techniques	I-KEY
+Digital	O
+watermarking	O
+has	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+for	O
+copyright	B-KEY
+protection	I-KEY
+in	O
+our	O
+digital	B-KEY
+society	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+an	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+digital	I-KEY
+watermarking	I-KEY
+scheme	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+human	B-KEY
+visual	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+fuzzy	O
+logic	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+employed	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+the	O
+different	O
+strengths	O
+and	O
+lengths	O
+of	O
+a	O
+watermark	O
+by	O
+the	O
+local	B-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+image	O
+in	O
+our	O
+proposed	O
+scheme	O
+.	O
+In	O
+our	O
+experiments	O
+,	O
+this	O
+scheme	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+more	O
+robust	O
+and	O
+imperceptible	B-KEY
+watermark	I-KEY
+
+Reconfigurable	B-KEY
+context-sensitive	I-KEY
+middleware	I-KEY
+for	O
+pervasive	O
+computing	O
+Context-sensitive	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+need	O
+data	O
+from	O
+sensors	O
+,	O
+devices	O
+,	O
+and	O
+user	O
+actions	O
+,	O
+and	O
+might	O
+need	O
+ad	O
+hoc	O
+communication	O
+support	O
+to	O
+dynamically	O
+discover	O
+new	O
+devices	O
+and	O
+engage	O
+in	O
+spontaneous	O
+information	O
+exchange	O
+.	O
+Reconfigurable	B-KEY
+Context-Sensitive	I-KEY
+Middleware	I-KEY
+facilitates	O
+the	O
+development	O
+and	O
+runtime	O
+operations	O
+of	O
+context-sensitive	O
+pervasive	O
+computing	O
+software	O
+
+Nissan	O
+v.	O
+Nissan	O
+-LSB-	O
+trademark	B-KEY
+dispute	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+Is	O
+a	O
+trademark	B-KEY
+dispute	I-KEY
+a	O
+case	O
+of	O
+David	O
+v.	O
+Goliath	O
+or	O
+a	O
+corporation	O
+fending	O
+off	O
+a	O
+greedy	O
+opportunist	O
+?	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+Uzi	B-KEY
+Nissan	I-KEY
+,	O
+who	O
+is	O
+locked	O
+in	O
+a	O
+multimillion-dollar	O
+legal	O
+battle	O
+over	O
+whether	O
+or	O
+not	O
+his	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+nissan.com	B-KEY
+Internet	I-KEY
+domain	I-KEY
+name	I-KEY
+infringes	O
+upon	O
+Japan	O
+'s	O
+Nissan	O
+Motor	O
+Co.	O
+'s	O
+trademark	O
+.	O
+At	O
+the	O
+heart	O
+of	O
+the	O
+matter	O
+is	O
+the	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+the	O
+global	B-KEY
+Internet	I-KEY
+on	O
+trademark	B-KEY
+law	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+traditionally	O
+has	O
+been	O
+strongly	O
+influenced	O
+by	O
+geographic	O
+considerations	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+background	O
+to	O
+the	O
+case	O
+from	O
+both	O
+sides	O
+and	O
+the	O
+issues	O
+involved	O
+
+Control	O
+in	O
+active	O
+systems	O
+based	O
+on	O
+criteria	O
+and	O
+motivation	O
+For	O
+active	O
+systems	O
+where	O
+the	O
+principal	O
+varies	O
+the	O
+agents	O
+'	O
+goal	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+by	O
+adding	O
+to	O
+them	O
+appropriately	O
+weighted	O
+goal	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+of	O
+other	O
+agents	O
+or	O
+a	O
+balanced	O
+system	O
+of	O
+inter-agent	B-KEY
+transfers	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+formulated	O
+and	O
+solved	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+control	O
+based	O
+on	O
+criteria	O
+and	O
+motivation	O
+.	O
+Linear	B-KEY
+active	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+were	O
+considered	O
+by	O
+way	O
+of	O
+example	O
+
+Emotion	B-KEY
+and	O
+self-control	B-KEY
+A	O
+biology-based	O
+model	O
+of	O
+choice	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+examine	O
+time-inconsistent	B-KEY
+preferences	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+self-control	B-KEY
+.	O
+Emotion	B-KEY
+is	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+be	O
+the	O
+biological	O
+substrate	O
+of	O
+choice	O
+,	O
+in	O
+that	O
+emotional	B-KEY
+systems	O
+assign	O
+value	O
+to	O
+`	O
+goods	O
+'	O
+in	O
+the	O
+environment	O
+and	O
+also	O
+facilitate	O
+the	O
+learning	B-KEY
+of	O
+expectations	O
+regarding	O
+alternative	O
+options	O
+for	O
+acquiring	O
+those	O
+goods	O
+.	O
+A	O
+third	O
+major	O
+function	O
+of	O
+the	O
+emotional	B-KEY
+choice	O
+systems	O
+is	O
+motivation	O
+.	O
+Self-control	B-KEY
+is	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+be	O
+the	O
+result	O
+of	O
+a	O
+problem	O
+with	O
+the	O
+inhibition	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+motive	O
+force	O
+of	O
+emotion	B-KEY
+,	O
+where	O
+this	O
+inhibition	B-KEY
+is	O
+necessary	O
+for	O
+higher	O
+level	O
+deliberation	O
+
+Matched-filter	O
+template	O
+generation	O
+via	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+:	O
+application	O
+to	O
+fetal	O
+biomagnetic	O
+recordings	O
+We	O
+have	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+two-step	O
+procedure	O
+for	O
+signal	O
+processing	O
+of	O
+fetal	O
+biomagnetic	O
+recordings	O
+that	O
+removes	O
+cardiac	O
+interference	O
+and	O
+noise	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+a	O
+modified	B-KEY
+matched	I-KEY
+filter	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MF	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+remove	O
+maternal	B-KEY
+cardiac	I-KEY
+interference	I-KEY
+;	O
+then	O
+,	O
+a	O
+simple	B-KEY
+signal	I-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+projection	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SSP	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+remove	O
+noise	O
+.	O
+The	O
+key	O
+difference	O
+between	O
+our	O
+MF	O
+and	O
+a	O
+conventional	O
+one	O
+is	O
+that	O
+the	O
+interference	B-KEY
+template	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+template	B-KEY
+scaling	I-KEY
+are	O
+derived	O
+from	O
+a	O
+signal	O
+that	O
+has	O
+been	O
+spatially	B-KEY
+filtered	I-KEY
+to	O
+isolate	O
+the	O
+interference	O
+,	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+from	O
+the	O
+raw	B-KEY
+signal	I-KEY
+.	O
+Unlike	O
+conventional	O
+MFs	O
+,	O
+ours	O
+is	O
+able	O
+to	O
+separate	O
+maternal	O
+and	O
+fetal	O
+cardiac	O
+complexes	O
+,	O
+even	O
+when	O
+they	O
+have	O
+similar	O
+morphology	O
+and	O
+overlap	O
+strongly	O
+.	O
+When	O
+followed	O
+by	O
+a	O
+SSP	O
+that	O
+preserves	O
+only	O
+the	O
+signal	O
+subspace	O
+,	O
+the	O
+noise	O
+is	O
+reduced	O
+to	O
+a	O
+low	O
+level	O
+
+Performance	B-KEY
+comparison	I-KEY
+between	O
+PID	O
+and	O
+dead-time	B-KEY
+compensating	I-KEY
+controllers	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+intended	O
+to	O
+answer	O
+the	O
+question	O
+:	O
+``	O
+When	O
+can	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+dead-time	B-KEY
+compensator	I-KEY
+be	O
+expected	O
+to	O
+perform	O
+better	O
+than	O
+a	O
+PID	O
+?	O
+''	O
+.	O
+The	O
+performance	B-KEY
+criterion	I-KEY
+used	O
+is	O
+the	O
+integrated	B-KEY
+absolute	I-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+IAE	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+compared	O
+for	O
+PI	O
+and	O
+PID	B-KEY
+controllers	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+dead-time	B-KEY
+compensator	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DTC	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+when	O
+a	O
+step	B-KEY
+load	I-KEY
+disturbance	I-KEY
+is	O
+applied	O
+at	O
+the	O
+plant	O
+input	O
+.	O
+Both	O
+stable	O
+and	O
+integrating	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+are	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+For	O
+a	O
+fair	O
+comparison	O
+the	O
+controllers	O
+should	O
+provide	O
+equal	B-KEY
+robustness	I-KEY
+in	O
+some	O
+sense	O
+.	O
+Here	O
+,	O
+as	O
+a	O
+measure	O
+of	O
+robustness	O
+,	O
+the	O
+H/sub	O
+infinity	O
+/	O
+norm	O
+of	O
+the	O
+sum	O
+of	O
+the	O
+absolute	O
+values	O
+of	O
+the	O
+sensitivity	O
+function	O
+and	O
+the	O
+complementary	B-KEY
+sensitivity	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+.	O
+Performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+DTC	B-KEY
+'s	O
+is	O
+given	O
+also	O
+as	O
+a	O
+function	O
+of	O
+dead-time	B-KEY
+margin	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+D/sub	O
+M	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+
+Lossy	B-KEY
+SPICE	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+produce	O
+realistic	B-KEY
+averaged	I-KEY
+simulations	I-KEY
+In	O
+previous	O
+averaged	O
+models	O
+,	O
+the	O
+state-space	B-KEY
+averaging	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+or	O
+switch	B-KEY
+waveforms	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+were	O
+usually	O
+applied	O
+over	O
+perfect	O
+elements	O
+,	O
+non-inclusive	O
+of	O
+the	O
+ohmic	B-KEY
+losses	I-KEY
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+if	O
+these	O
+elements	O
+play	O
+an	O
+active	O
+role	O
+in	O
+the	O
+DC	B-KEY
+transfer	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+,	O
+they	O
+affect	O
+the	O
+small-signal	O
+AC	O
+analysis	O
+by	O
+introducing	O
+various	O
+damping	B-KEY
+effects	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+model	O
+is	O
+introduced	O
+in	O
+a	O
+boost	B-KEY
+voltage-mode	I-KEY
+application	I-KEY
+
+Adaptive	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+denoising	I-KEY
+using	O
+scale	O
+and	O
+space	B-KEY
+consistency	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+proposes	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+for	O
+image	O
+denoising	O
+with	O
+edge	B-KEY
+preservation	I-KEY
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+image	B-KEY
+multiresolution	I-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+by	O
+a	O
+redundant	B-KEY
+wavelet	I-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+our	O
+approach	O
+,	O
+edges	O
+are	O
+implicitly	O
+located	O
+and	O
+preserved	O
+in	O
+the	O
+wavelet	O
+domain	O
+,	O
+whilst	O
+image	O
+noise	O
+is	O
+filtered	O
+out	O
+.	O
+At	O
+each	O
+resolution	O
+level	O
+,	O
+the	O
+image	B-KEY
+edges	I-KEY
+are	O
+estimated	O
+by	O
+gradient	B-KEY
+magnitudes	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+the	O
+wavelet	O
+coefficients	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+modeled	O
+probabilistically	O
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+shrinkage	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+is	O
+assembled	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+model	O
+obtained	O
+.	O
+Joint	O
+use	O
+of	O
+space	O
+and	O
+scale	B-KEY
+consistency	I-KEY
+is	O
+applied	O
+for	O
+better	O
+preservation	O
+of	O
+edges	O
+.	O
+The	O
+shrinkage	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+are	O
+combined	O
+to	O
+preserve	O
+edges	O
+that	O
+appear	O
+simultaneously	O
+at	O
+several	O
+resolutions	O
+,	O
+and	O
+geometric	B-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+are	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+preserve	O
+edges	O
+that	O
+are	O
+not	O
+isolated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+technique	O
+produces	O
+a	O
+filtered	O
+version	O
+of	O
+the	O
+original	O
+image	O
+,	O
+where	O
+homogeneous	O
+regions	O
+appear	O
+separated	O
+by	O
+well-defined	O
+edges	O
+.	O
+Possible	O
+applications	O
+include	O
+image	O
+presegmentation	O
+,	O
+and	O
+image	O
+denoising	O
+
+Unsafe	O
+at	O
+any	O
+speed	O
+?	O
+While	O
+Sun	O
+prides	O
+itself	O
+on	O
+Java	O
+'s	O
+secure	O
+sandbox	O
+programming	O
+model	O
+,	O
+Microsoft	O
+takes	O
+a	O
+looser	O
+approach	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+C#	O
+language	O
+incorporates	O
+C-like	B-KEY
+concepts	I-KEY
+,	O
+including	O
+pointers	B-KEY
+and	O
+memory	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+.	O
+But	O
+is	O
+unsafe	O
+code	O
+really	O
+a	O
+boon	O
+to	O
+programmers	O
+,	O
+or	O
+is	O
+it	O
+a	O
+step	O
+backward	O
+?	O
+
+Information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+:	O
+The	O
+IA	O
+matrix	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+designing	O
+children	O
+'s	O
+portals	O
+The	O
+article	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+matrix	O
+that	O
+can	O
+serve	O
+as	O
+a	O
+tool	O
+for	O
+designing	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+Web	O
+portal	O
+in	O
+a	O
+logical	O
+and	O
+systematic	O
+manner	O
+.	O
+The	O
+information	O
+architect	O
+begins	O
+by	O
+inputting	O
+the	O
+portal	O
+'s	O
+objective	O
+,	O
+target	B-KEY
+user	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+target	B-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+matrix	O
+then	O
+determines	O
+the	O
+most	O
+appropriate	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+attributes	O
+for	O
+the	O
+portal	O
+by	O
+filling	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Applied	O
+Information	B-KEY
+Architecture	I-KEY
+portion	O
+of	O
+the	O
+matrix	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+discusses	O
+how	O
+the	O
+matrix	O
+works	O
+using	O
+the	O
+example	O
+of	O
+a	O
+children	O
+'s	O
+Web	O
+portal	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+access	O
+to	O
+museum	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+
+Learning	B-KEY
+weights	O
+for	O
+the	O
+quasi-weighted	B-KEY
+means	I-KEY
+We	O
+study	O
+the	O
+determination	O
+of	O
+weights	O
+for	O
+quasi-weighted	B-KEY
+means	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+also	O
+called	O
+quasi-linear	B-KEY
+means	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+when	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+examples	O
+is	O
+given	O
+.	O
+We	O
+consider	O
+first	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+case	O
+,	O
+the	O
+learning	B-KEY
+of	O
+weights	O
+for	O
+weighted	O
+means	O
+,	O
+and	O
+then	O
+we	O
+extend	O
+the	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+more	O
+general	O
+case	O
+of	O
+a	O
+quasi-weighted	B-KEY
+mean	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+consider	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+a	O
+known	O
+arbitrary	O
+generator	O
+f	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+finishes	O
+considering	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+parametric	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+suitable	O
+when	O
+the	O
+values	O
+to	O
+aggregate	O
+are	O
+measure	B-KEY
+values	I-KEY
+or	O
+ratio	O
+
+Preintegration	B-KEY
+lateral	I-KEY
+inhibition	I-KEY
+enhances	O
+unsupervised	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+A	O
+large	O
+and	O
+influential	O
+class	O
+of	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+architectures	O
+uses	O
+postintegration	O
+lateral	O
+inhibition	O
+as	O
+a	O
+mechanism	O
+for	O
+competition	O
+.	O
+We	O
+argue	O
+that	O
+these	O
+algorithms	O
+are	O
+computationally	O
+deficient	O
+in	O
+that	O
+they	O
+fail	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+,	O
+or	O
+learn	O
+,	O
+appropriate	O
+perceptual	O
+representations	O
+under	O
+certain	O
+circumstances	O
+.	O
+An	O
+alternative	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+architecture	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+here	O
+in	O
+which	O
+nodes	O
+compete	O
+for	O
+the	O
+right	O
+to	O
+receive	O
+inputs	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+for	O
+the	O
+right	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+outputs	O
+.	O
+This	O
+form	O
+of	O
+competition	B-KEY
+,	O
+implemented	O
+through	O
+preintegration	B-KEY
+lateral	I-KEY
+inhibition	I-KEY
+,	O
+does	O
+provide	O
+appropriate	O
+coding	O
+properties	O
+and	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+learn	O
+such	O
+representations	O
+efficiently	O
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+this	O
+architecture	O
+is	O
+consistent	O
+with	O
+both	O
+neuroanatomical	O
+and	O
+neuropsychological	O
+data	O
+.	O
+We	O
+thus	O
+argue	O
+that	O
+preintegration	B-KEY
+lateral	I-KEY
+inhibition	I-KEY
+has	O
+computational	O
+advantages	O
+over	O
+conventional	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+architectures	O
+while	O
+remaining	O
+equally	O
+biologically	O
+plausible	O
+
+The	O
+maximum	O
+possible	O
+EVPI	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+we	O
+calculate	O
+the	O
+maximum	O
+expected	B-KEY
+value	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+perfect	I-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+EVPI	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+any	O
+probability	B-KEY
+distribution	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+states	O
+of	O
+the	O
+world	O
+.	O
+This	O
+maximum	O
+EVPI	O
+is	O
+an	O
+upper	O
+bound	O
+for	O
+the	O
+EVPI	O
+with	O
+given	O
+probabilities	O
+and	O
+thus	O
+an	O
+upper	O
+bound	O
+for	O
+any	O
+partial	O
+information	O
+about	O
+the	O
+states	O
+of	O
+the	O
+world	O
+
+In	O
+search	O
+of	O
+strategic	O
+operations	O
+research/management	O
+science	O
+We	O
+define	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+OR/MS	I-KEY
+as	O
+``	O
+OR/MS	O
+work	O
+that	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+a	O
+sustainable	O
+competitive	O
+advantage	O
+.	O
+''	O
+We	O
+found	O
+evidence	O
+of	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+OR/MS	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+of	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SIS	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+OR/MS	O
+.	O
+We	O
+examined	O
+30	O
+early	O
+examples	O
+of	O
+SIS	B-KEY
+,	O
+many	O
+of	O
+which	O
+contained	O
+OR/MS	O
+work	O
+.	O
+Many	O
+of	O
+the	O
+most	O
+successful	O
+had	O
+high	O
+OR/MS	O
+content	O
+,	O
+while	O
+the	O
+least	O
+successful	O
+contained	O
+none	O
+.	O
+The	O
+inclusion	O
+of	O
+OR/MS	O
+work	O
+may	O
+be	O
+a	O
+key	O
+to	O
+sustaining	O
+an	O
+advantage	O
+from	O
+information	O
+technology	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+examined	O
+the	O
+Edelman	O
+Prize	O
+finalist	O
+articles	O
+published	O
+between	O
+1990	O
+and	O
+1999	O
+.	O
+We	O
+found	O
+that	O
+13	O
+of	O
+the	O
+42	O
+private	O
+sector	O
+applications	O
+meet	O
+our	O
+definition	O
+of	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+OR/MS	I-KEY
+
+Extinction	B-KEY
+cross	I-KEY
+sections	I-KEY
+of	O
+realistic	B-KEY
+raindrops	I-KEY
+:	O
+data-bank	B-KEY
+established	O
+using	O
+T-matrix	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+and	O
+nonlinear	O
+fitting	O
+technique	O
+A	O
+new	O
+computer	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+is	O
+developed	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+T-matrix	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+to	O
+generate	O
+a	O
+large	O
+number	O
+of	O
+total	O
+-LRB-	O
+extinction	O
+-RRB-	O
+cross	O
+sections	O
+-LRB-	O
+TCS	O
+-RRB-	O
+values	O
+of	O
+the	O
+realistic	B-KEY
+raindrops	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+deformed	O
+due	O
+to	O
+a	O
+balance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+forces	O
+that	O
+act	O
+on	O
+a	O
+drop	O
+failing	O
+under	O
+gravity	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+were	O
+described	O
+in	O
+shape	O
+by	O
+Pruppacher	O
+and	O
+Pitter	O
+-LRB-	O
+1971	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+These	O
+data	O
+for	O
+various	O
+dimensions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+raindrops	O
+-LRB-	O
+mean	B-KEY
+effective	I-KEY
+radius	I-KEY
+from	O
+0	B-KEY
+to	I-KEY
+3.25	I-KEY
+mm	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+frequencies	O
+-LRB-	O
+10	B-KEY
+to	I-KEY
+80	I-KEY
+GHz	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+horizontal	O
+and	O
+vertical	O
+-RRB-	O
+polarizations	O
+,	O
+and	O
+temperatures	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+0	O
+,	O
+10	O
+and	O
+20	O
+degrees	O
+C	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+stored	O
+to	O
+establish	O
+a	O
+data	O
+bank	O
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+a	O
+curve	O
+fitting	O
+technique	O
+,	O
+i.e.	O
+,	O
+interpolation	B-KEY
+of	O
+order	O
+3	O
+,	O
+is	O
+implemented	O
+for	O
+the	O
+TCS	O
+values	O
+in	O
+the	O
+data	O
+bank	O
+.	O
+Therefore	O
+,	O
+the	O
+interpolated	B-KEY
+TCS	O
+results	O
+can	O
+be	O
+obtained	O
+readily	O
+from	O
+the	O
+interpolation	B-KEY
+process	O
+with	O
+negligible	O
+or	O
+even	O
+null	O
+computational	O
+time	O
+and	O
+efforts	O
+.	O
+Error	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+is	O
+carried	O
+out	O
+to	O
+show	O
+the	O
+high	O
+accuracy	O
+of	O
+the	O
+present	O
+analysis	O
+and	O
+applicability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+interpolation	B-KEY
+.	O
+At	O
+three	O
+operating	B-KEY
+frequencies	I-KEY
+of	O
+15	O
+,	O
+21.225	O
+,	O
+and	O
+38	B-KEY
+GHz	I-KEY
+locally	O
+used	O
+in	O
+Singapore	B-KEY
+,	O
+some	O
+new	O
+TCS	O
+values	O
+are	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+the	O
+new	O
+fast	O
+and	O
+efficient	O
+interpolation	B-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+good	O
+accuracy	O
+
+Edit	B-KEY
+distance	I-KEY
+of	O
+run-length	B-KEY
+encoded	I-KEY
+strings	I-KEY
+Let	O
+X	O
+and	O
+Y	O
+be	O
+two	O
+run-length	B-KEY
+encoded	I-KEY
+strings	I-KEY
+,	O
+of	O
+encoded	B-KEY
+lengths	I-KEY
+k	O
+and	O
+l	O
+,	O
+respectively	O
+.	O
+We	O
+present	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+O	O
+-LRB-	O
+|	O
+X	O
+|	O
+l	O
++	O
+|	O
+Y	O
+|	O
+k	O
+-RRB-	O
+time	O
+algorithm	B-KEY
+that	O
+computes	O
+their	O
+edit	B-KEY
+distance	I-KEY
+
+Perspectives	O
+on	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+online	I-KEY
+books	I-KEY
+:	O
+the	O
+Columbia	B-KEY
+University	I-KEY
+Online	I-KEY
+Books	I-KEY
+Evaluation	I-KEY
+Project	I-KEY
+The	O
+Online	O
+Books	O
+Evaluation	O
+Project	O
+at	O
+Columbia	O
+University	O
+studied	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+for	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+online	I-KEY
+books	I-KEY
+from	O
+1995	O
+to	O
+1999	O
+.	O
+Issues	O
+included	O
+scholars	O
+'	O
+interest	O
+in	O
+using	O
+online	O
+books	O
+,	O
+the	O
+role	O
+they	O
+might	O
+play	O
+in	O
+scholarly	O
+life	O
+,	O
+features	O
+that	O
+scholars	O
+and	O
+librarians	O
+sought	O
+in	O
+online	O
+books	O
+,	O
+the	O
+costs	B-KEY
+of	O
+producing	O
+and	O
+owning	O
+print	O
+and	O
+online	O
+books	O
+,	O
+and	O
+potential	O
+marketplace	B-KEY
+arrangements	I-KEY
+.	O
+Scholars	O
+see	O
+potential	O
+for	O
+online	O
+books	O
+to	O
+make	O
+their	O
+research	B-KEY
+,	O
+learning	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+teaching	O
+more	O
+efficient	O
+and	O
+effective	O
+.	O
+Librarians	O
+see	O
+potential	O
+to	O
+serve	O
+their	O
+scholars	O
+better	O
+.	O
+Librarians	O
+may	O
+face	O
+lower	O
+costs	B-KEY
+if	O
+they	O
+can	O
+serve	O
+their	O
+scholars	O
+with	O
+online	O
+books	O
+instead	O
+of	O
+print	B-KEY
+books	I-KEY
+.	O
+Publishers	O
+may	O
+be	O
+able	O
+to	O
+offer	O
+scholars	O
+greater	O
+opportunities	O
+to	O
+use	O
+their	O
+books	O
+while	O
+enhancing	O
+their	O
+own	O
+profitability	O
+
+Building	O
+3D	B-KEY
+anatomical	I-KEY
+scenes	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+new	O
+service	O
+for	O
+building	O
+user-defined	B-KEY
+3D	I-KEY
+anatomical	I-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+.	O
+The	O
+Web	B-KEY
+server	I-KEY
+is	O
+connected	O
+to	O
+a	O
+database	B-KEY
+storing	O
+more	O
+than	O
+1000	O
+3D	B-KEY
+anatomical	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+reconstructed	O
+from	O
+the	O
+Visible	B-KEY
+Human	I-KEY
+.	O
+Users	O
+may	O
+combine	O
+existing	O
+models	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+planar	B-KEY
+oblique	I-KEY
+slices	I-KEY
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+create	O
+their	O
+own	O
+structured	B-KEY
+anatomical	I-KEY
+scenes	I-KEY
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+they	O
+may	O
+record	O
+sequences	O
+of	O
+scene	B-KEY
+construction	I-KEY
+and	O
+visualization	B-KEY
+actions	O
+.	O
+These	O
+actions	O
+enable	O
+the	O
+server	O
+to	O
+construct	O
+high-quality	B-KEY
+video	I-KEY
+animations	I-KEY
+,	O
+downloadable	O
+by	O
+the	O
+user	O
+.	O
+Professionals	O
+and	O
+students	O
+in	O
+anatomy	O
+,	O
+medicine	O
+and	O
+related	O
+disciplines	O
+are	O
+invited	O
+to	O
+use	O
+the	O
+server	O
+and	O
+create	O
+their	O
+own	O
+anatomical	O
+scenes	O
+
+A	O
+Web-accessible	B-KEY
+database	I-KEY
+of	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+1,945	O
+basic	B-KEY
+Japanese	I-KEY
+kanji	I-KEY
+In	O
+1981	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Japanese	O
+government	O
+published	O
+a	O
+list	O
+of	O
+the	O
+1,945	O
+basic	B-KEY
+Japanese	I-KEY
+kanji	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Jooyoo	B-KEY
+Kanji-hyo	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+including	O
+specifications	O
+of	O
+pronunciation	B-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+list	O
+was	O
+established	O
+as	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+for	O
+kanji	O
+usage	O
+in	O
+print	O
+.	O
+The	O
+database	O
+for	O
+1,945	O
+basic	B-KEY
+Japanese	I-KEY
+kanji	I-KEY
+provides	O
+30	O
+cells	B-KEY
+that	O
+explain	O
+in	O
+detail	O
+the	O
+various	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+kanji	O
+.	O
+Means	B-KEY
+,	O
+standard	B-KEY
+deviations	I-KEY
+,	O
+distributions	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+information	O
+related	O
+to	O
+previous	O
+research	O
+concerning	O
+these	O
+kanji	O
+are	O
+provided	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+The	O
+database	O
+is	O
+saved	O
+as	O
+a	O
+Microsoft	B-KEY
+Excel	I-KEY
+2000	I-KEY
+file	I-KEY
+for	I-KEY
+Windows	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+kanji	O
+database	O
+is	O
+accessible	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+site	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Oxford	O
+Text	O
+Archive	O
+,	O
+Oxford	O
+University	O
+-LRB-	O
+http://ota.ahds.ac.uk	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+this	O
+database	O
+,	O
+researchers	O
+and	O
+educators	O
+will	O
+be	O
+able	O
+to	O
+conduct	O
+planned	O
+experiments	O
+and	O
+organize	O
+classroom	B-KEY
+instruction	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+known	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+selected	O
+kanji	O
+
+Improvements	O
+and	O
+critique	O
+on	O
+Sugeno	O
+'s	O
+and	O
+Yasukawa	O
+'s	O
+qualitative	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+Investigates	O
+Sugeno	O
+'s	O
+and	O
+Yasukawa	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1993	O
+-RRB-	O
+qualitative	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+approach	O
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+some	O
+easily	O
+implementable	O
+solutions	O
+for	O
+the	O
+unclear	O
+details	O
+of	O
+the	O
+original	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+trapezoid	B-KEY
+approximation	I-KEY
+of	O
+membership	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+,	O
+rule	B-KEY
+creation	I-KEY
+from	O
+sample	O
+data	O
+points	O
+,	O
+and	O
+selection	O
+of	O
+important	O
+variables	O
+.	O
+We	O
+further	O
+suggest	O
+an	O
+improved	O
+parameter	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+to	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+instead	O
+of	O
+the	O
+original	O
+one	O
+.	O
+These	O
+details	O
+are	O
+crucial	O
+concerning	O
+the	O
+method	O
+'s	O
+performance	O
+as	O
+it	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+in	O
+a	O
+comparative	O
+analysis	O
+and	O
+helps	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+accuracy	O
+of	O
+the	O
+built-up	O
+model	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+possible	O
+further	O
+rule	B-KEY
+base	I-KEY
+reduction	I-KEY
+which	O
+can	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+successfully	O
+in	O
+certain	O
+cases	O
+.	O
+This	O
+improvement	O
+reduces	O
+the	O
+time	O
+requirement	O
+of	O
+the	O
+method	O
+by	O
+up	O
+to	O
+16	O
+%	O
+in	O
+our	O
+experiments	O
+
+Adaptive	B-KEY
+neural/fuzzy	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+for	O
+interpolated	B-KEY
+nonlinear	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+Adaptive	O
+control	O
+for	O
+nonlinear	O
+time-varying	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+is	O
+of	O
+both	O
+theoretical	O
+and	O
+practical	O
+importance	O
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+an	O
+adaptive	O
+control	O
+methodology	O
+for	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+nonlinear	O
+systems	O
+with	O
+a	O
+time-varying	O
+structure	O
+.	O
+This	O
+class	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+is	O
+composed	O
+of	O
+interpolations	O
+of	O
+nonlinear	O
+subsystems	O
+which	O
+are	O
+input-output	O
+feedback	O
+linearizable	O
+.	O
+Both	O
+indirect	O
+and	O
+direct	O
+adaptive	O
+control	O
+methods	O
+are	O
+developed	O
+,	O
+where	O
+the	O
+spatially	B-KEY
+localized	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+in	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+Takagi-Sugeno	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+or	O
+radial	B-KEY
+basis	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+used	O
+as	O
+online	B-KEY
+approximators	I-KEY
+to	O
+learn	O
+the	O
+unknown	B-KEY
+dynamics	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+.	O
+Without	O
+assumptions	O
+on	O
+rate	O
+of	O
+change	O
+of	O
+system	O
+dynamics	O
+,	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+adaptive	O
+control	O
+methods	O
+guarantee	O
+that	O
+all	O
+internal	O
+signals	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+are	O
+bounded	O
+and	O
+the	O
+tracking	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+is	O
+asymptotically	O
+stable	O
+.	O
+The	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+adaptive	O
+controller	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+using	O
+a	O
+jet	B-KEY
+engine	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+problem	O
+
+Project	B-KEY
+Euclid	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+research	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+in	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+publishing	I-KEY
+Project	B-KEY
+Euclid	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+joint	B-KEY
+electronic	I-KEY
+journal	I-KEY
+publishing	I-KEY
+initiative	I-KEY
+of	O
+Cornell	B-KEY
+University	I-KEY
+Library	I-KEY
+and	O
+Duke	B-KEY
+University	I-KEY
+Press	I-KEY
+is	O
+discussed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+broader	O
+contexts	O
+of	O
+the	O
+changing	O
+patterns	O
+of	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+publishing	O
+scene	O
+of	O
+mathematics	B-KEY
+.	O
+Specific	O
+aspects	O
+of	O
+the	O
+project	O
+such	O
+as	O
+partnerships	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+creation	O
+of	O
+an	O
+economic	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+are	O
+presented	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+what	O
+it	O
+takes	O
+to	O
+be	O
+a	O
+publisher	O
+.	O
+Libraries	O
+have	O
+gained	O
+important	O
+and	O
+relevant	O
+experience	O
+through	O
+the	O
+creation	O
+and	O
+management	O
+of	O
+digital	O
+libraries	O
+,	O
+but	O
+they	O
+need	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+further	O
+skills	O
+if	O
+they	O
+want	O
+to	O
+adopt	O
+a	O
+new	O
+role	O
+in	O
+the	O
+life	O
+cycle	O
+of	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+
+A	O
+survey	O
+of	O
+interactive	O
+mesh-cutting	O
+techniques	O
+and	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+for	O
+implementing	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+interactive	I-KEY
+mesh	I-KEY
+cutting	I-KEY
+using	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+In	O
+our	O
+experience	O
+,	O
+mesh-cutting	O
+methods	O
+can	O
+be	O
+distinguished	O
+by	O
+how	O
+their	O
+solutions	O
+address	O
+the	O
+following	O
+major	O
+issues	O
+:	O
+definition	O
+of	O
+the	O
+cut	O
+path	O
+,	O
+primitive	O
+removal	O
+and	O
+re-meshing	B-KEY
+,	O
+number	O
+of	O
+new	O
+primitives	O
+created	O
+,	O
+when	O
+re-meshing	B-KEY
+is	O
+performed	O
+,	O
+and	O
+representation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+cutting	B-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+.	O
+Many	O
+researchers	O
+have	O
+developed	O
+schemes	O
+for	O
+interactive	O
+mesh	O
+cutting	O
+with	O
+the	O
+goals	O
+of	O
+reducing	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+new	O
+primitives	O
+created	O
+,	O
+creating	O
+new	O
+primitives	O
+with	O
+good	O
+aspect	O
+ratios	O
+,	O
+avoiding	O
+a	O
+disconnected	B-KEY
+mesh	I-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+between	O
+primitives	O
+in	O
+the	O
+cut	O
+path	O
+,	O
+and	O
+representing	O
+the	O
+path	O
+traversed	O
+by	O
+the	O
+tool	O
+as	O
+accurately	O
+as	O
+possible	O
+.	O
+The	O
+goal	O
+of	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+to	O
+explain	O
+how	O
+,	O
+by	O
+using	O
+a	O
+very	O
+simple	O
+framework	O
+,	O
+one	O
+can	O
+build	O
+a	O
+generalized	O
+cutting	O
+scheme	O
+.	O
+This	O
+method	O
+allows	O
+for	O
+any	O
+arbitrary	O
+cut	O
+to	O
+be	O
+made	O
+within	O
+a	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+object	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+can	O
+simulate	O
+cutting	O
+surface	O
+,	O
+layered	B-KEY
+surface	I-KEY
+or	O
+tetrahedral	B-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+virtual	O
+scalpel	O
+,	O
+scissors	O
+,	O
+or	O
+loop	O
+cautery	O
+tool	O
+.	O
+This	O
+method	O
+has	O
+been	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+a	O
+real-time	O
+,	O
+haptic-rate	B-KEY
+surgical	I-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+allowing	O
+arbitrary	O
+cuts	O
+to	O
+be	O
+made	O
+on	O
+high-resolution	B-KEY
+patient-specific	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+
+Full-screen	B-KEY
+ultrafast	I-KEY
+video	I-KEY
+modes	I-KEY
+over-clocked	O
+by	O
+simple	O
+VESA	O
+routines	O
+and	O
+registers	B-KEY
+reprogramming	I-KEY
+under	O
+MS-DOS	B-KEY
+Fast	O
+full-screen	O
+presentation	O
+of	O
+stimuli	O
+is	O
+necessary	O
+in	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+.	O
+Although	O
+Spitczok	O
+von	O
+Brisinski	O
+-LRB-	O
+1994	O
+-RRB-	O
+introduced	O
+a	O
+method	O
+that	O
+achieved	O
+ultrafast	O
+display	O
+by	O
+reprogramming	O
+the	O
+registers	O
+,	O
+he	O
+could	O
+not	O
+produce	O
+an	O
+acceptable	O
+full-screen	O
+display	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+report	O
+,	O
+the	O
+author	O
+introduces	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+combining	O
+VESA	B-KEY
+routine	I-KEY
+calling	I-KEY
+with	O
+register	B-KEY
+reprogramming	I-KEY
+that	O
+can	O
+yield	O
+a	O
+display	O
+at	O
+640	O
+*	O
+480	O
+resolution	O
+,	O
+with	O
+a	O
+refresh	O
+rate	O
+of	O
+about	O
+150	O
+Hz	O
+
+Vendor	O
+qualifications	O
+for	O
+IT	B-KEY
+staff	I-KEY
+and	O
+networking	O
+In	O
+some	O
+cases	O
+,	O
+vendor-run	B-KEY
+accreditation	I-KEY
+schemes	I-KEY
+can	O
+offer	O
+an	O
+objective	O
+measure	O
+of	O
+a	O
+job	B-KEY
+applicant	I-KEY
+'s	O
+skills	O
+,	O
+but	O
+they	O
+do	O
+not	O
+always	O
+indicate	O
+the	O
+true	O
+extent	O
+of	O
+practical	B-KEY
+abilities	I-KEY
+
+An	O
+efficient	B-KEY
+retrieval	I-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+video	B-KEY
+servers	I-KEY
+with	O
+random	B-KEY
+duplicated	I-KEY
+assignment	I-KEY
+storage	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+Random	O
+duplicated	O
+assignment	O
+-LRB-	O
+RDA	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+an	O
+approach	O
+in	O
+which	O
+video	O
+data	O
+is	O
+stored	O
+by	O
+assigning	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+copies	B-KEY
+of	O
+each	O
+data	B-KEY
+block	I-KEY
+to	O
+different	O
+,	O
+randomly	B-KEY
+chosen	I-KEY
+disks	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+has	O
+been	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+this	O
+approach	O
+results	O
+in	O
+smaller	O
+response	B-KEY
+times	I-KEY
+and	O
+lower	O
+disk	O
+and	O
+RAM	B-KEY
+costs	I-KEY
+compared	O
+to	O
+the	O
+well-known	O
+disk	O
+stripping	O
+techniques	O
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+this	O
+storage	O
+approach	O
+,	O
+one	O
+has	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+,	O
+for	O
+each	O
+given	O
+batch	O
+of	O
+data	B-KEY
+blocks	I-KEY
+,	O
+from	O
+which	O
+disk	O
+each	O
+of	O
+the	O
+data	B-KEY
+blocks	I-KEY
+is	O
+to	O
+be	O
+retrieved	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+to	O
+be	O
+done	O
+in	O
+such	O
+a	O
+way	O
+that	O
+the	O
+maximum	B-KEY
+load	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+disks	O
+is	O
+minimized	O
+.	O
+The	O
+problem	O
+is	O
+called	O
+the	O
+retrieval	O
+selection	O
+problem	O
+-LRB-	O
+RSP	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+new	O
+efficient	O
+algorithm	O
+for	O
+RSP	O
+.	O
+This	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+breadth-first	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+approach	O
+and	O
+is	O
+able	O
+to	O
+guarantee	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+solutions	I-KEY
+for	O
+RSP	O
+in	O
+O	O
+-LRB-	O
+n/sup	O
+2	O
+/	O
++	O
+mn	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+where	O
+m	O
+and	O
+n	O
+correspond	O
+to	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+data	B-KEY
+blocks	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+disks	O
+,	O
+respectively	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+that	O
+our	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+a	O
+lower	O
+time	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+than	O
+an	O
+existing	O
+algorithm	O
+,	O
+called	O
+the	O
+MFS	O
+algorithm	O
+
+Correction	O
+to	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+panoramic	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+mosaics	I-KEY
+with	O
+global	O
+and	O
+local	B-KEY
+alignment	I-KEY
+For	O
+original	O
+paper	O
+see	O
+ibid.	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.	O
+36	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+2	O
+,	O
+p.	O
+101-30	O
+-LRB-	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+had	O
+given	O
+a	O
+method	O
+for	O
+the	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+panoramic	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+mosaics	I-KEY
+with	O
+global	O
+and	O
+local	B-KEY
+alignment	I-KEY
+.	O
+Unfortunately	O
+a	O
+mistake	O
+had	O
+led	O
+to	O
+an	O
+incorrect	O
+equation	O
+which	O
+whilst	O
+making	O
+little	O
+difference	O
+in	O
+many	O
+cases	O
+,	O
+for	O
+faster	O
+-LRB-	O
+and	O
+assured	O
+-RRB-	O
+convergence	O
+,	O
+the	O
+correct	O
+formulae	O
+given	O
+here	O
+should	O
+be	O
+used	O
+
+An	O
+object-oriented	B-KEY
+version	I-KEY
+of	O
+SIMLIB	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+simulation	O
+package	O
+-RRB-	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+introduces	O
+an	O
+object-oriented	B-KEY
+version	I-KEY
+of	O
+SIMLIB	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+an	O
+easy-to-understand	O
+discrete-event	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+package	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+object-oriented	B-KEY
+version	I-KEY
+is	O
+preferable	O
+to	O
+the	O
+original	O
+procedural	O
+language	O
+versions	O
+of	O
+SIMLIB	B-KEY
+in	O
+that	O
+it	O
+is	O
+easier	O
+to	O
+understand	O
+and	O
+teach	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+from	O
+an	O
+object	O
+point	O
+of	O
+view	O
+.	O
+A	O
+single-server	O
+queue	O
+simulation	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+using	O
+the	O
+object-oriented	O
+SIMLIB	B-KEY
+
+Student	B-KEY
+consulting	I-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+benefit	O
+faculty	O
+and	O
+industry	O
+Student	B-KEY
+consulting	I-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+require	O
+students	O
+to	O
+apply	O
+OR/MS	B-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+to	O
+obtain	O
+insight	O
+into	O
+the	O
+activities	O
+of	O
+firms	O
+in	O
+the	O
+community	O
+.	O
+These	O
+projects	O
+benefit	O
+faculty	O
+by	O
+providing	O
+clear	O
+feedback	O
+on	O
+the	O
+real	O
+capabilities	O
+of	O
+students	O
+,	O
+a	O
+broad	O
+connection	O
+to	O
+local	O
+industry	O
+,	O
+and	O
+material	O
+for	O
+case	O
+studies	O
+and	O
+research	O
+.	O
+They	O
+benefit	O
+companies	O
+by	O
+stimulating	O
+new	O
+thinking	O
+regarding	O
+their	O
+activities	O
+and	O
+delivering	O
+results	O
+they	O
+can	O
+use	O
+.	O
+Projects	O
+provide	O
+insights	O
+into	O
+the	O
+end-user	O
+modeling	O
+mode	O
+of	O
+OR/MS	O
+practice	O
+.	O
+Projects	O
+support	O
+continuous	O
+improvement	O
+as	O
+the	O
+lessons	O
+gained	O
+from	O
+a	O
+crop	O
+of	O
+projects	O
+enable	O
+better	O
+teaching	O
+during	O
+the	O
+next	O
+course	O
+offering	O
+,	O
+which	O
+in	O
+turn	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+better	O
+projects	O
+and	O
+further	O
+insights	O
+into	O
+teaching	O
+
+A	O
+formal	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+computing	B-KEY
+with	I-KEY
+words	I-KEY
+Classical	O
+automata	O
+are	O
+formal	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+of	O
+computing	O
+with	O
+values	O
+.	O
+Fuzzy	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+are	O
+generalizations	O
+of	O
+classical	O
+automata	O
+where	O
+the	O
+knowledge	O
+about	O
+the	O
+system	O
+'s	O
+next	O
+state	O
+is	O
+vague	O
+or	O
+uncertain	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+worth	O
+noting	O
+that	O
+like	O
+classical	O
+automata	O
+,	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+can	O
+only	O
+process	O
+strings	O
+of	O
+input	O
+symbols	O
+.	O
+Therefore	O
+,	O
+such	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+are	O
+still	O
+-LRB-	O
+abstract	O
+-RRB-	O
+devices	O
+for	O
+computing	O
+with	O
+values	O
+,	O
+although	O
+a	O
+certain	O
+vagueness	O
+or	O
+uncertainty	O
+are	O
+involved	O
+in	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+computation	O
+.	O
+We	O
+introduce	O
+a	O
+new	O
+kind	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+whose	O
+inputs	O
+are	O
+instead	O
+strings	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+subsets	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+input	B-KEY
+alphabet	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+new	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+may	O
+serve	O
+as	O
+formal	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+of	O
+computing	B-KEY
+with	I-KEY
+words	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+establish	O
+an	O
+extension	B-KEY
+principle	I-KEY
+from	O
+computing	O
+with	O
+values	O
+to	O
+computing	B-KEY
+with	I-KEY
+words	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+principle	O
+indicates	O
+that	O
+computing	B-KEY
+with	I-KEY
+words	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+implemented	O
+with	O
+computing	O
+with	O
+values	O
+with	O
+the	O
+price	O
+of	O
+a	O
+big	O
+amount	O
+of	O
+extra	O
+computations	O
+
+Debugging	O
+Web	O
+applications	O
+The	O
+author	O
+considers	O
+how	O
+one	O
+can	O
+save	O
+time	O
+tracking	O
+down	O
+bugs	O
+in	O
+Web-based	O
+applications	O
+by	O
+arming	O
+yourself	O
+with	O
+the	O
+right	O
+tools	O
+and	O
+programming	B-KEY
+practices	O
+.	O
+A	O
+wide	O
+variety	O
+of	O
+debugging	O
+tools	O
+have	O
+been	O
+written	O
+with	O
+Web	O
+developers	O
+in	O
+mind	O
+
+Information	O
+architecture	O
+:	O
+notes	O
+toward	O
+a	O
+new	O
+curriculum	O
+There	O
+are	O
+signs	O
+that	O
+information	O
+architecture	O
+is	O
+coalescing	O
+into	O
+a	O
+field	O
+of	O
+professional	B-KEY
+practice	I-KEY
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+if	O
+it	O
+is	O
+to	O
+become	O
+a	O
+profession	O
+,	O
+it	O
+must	O
+develop	O
+a	O
+means	O
+of	O
+educating	O
+new	O
+information	B-KEY
+architects	I-KEY
+.	O
+Lessons	O
+from	O
+other	O
+fields	O
+suggest	O
+that	O
+professional	B-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+typically	O
+evolves	O
+along	O
+a	O
+predictable	O
+path	O
+,	O
+from	O
+apprenticeships	O
+to	O
+trade	O
+schools	O
+to	O
+college	O
+-	O
+and	O
+university-level	O
+education	O
+.	O
+Information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+may	O
+develop	O
+more	O
+quickly	O
+to	O
+meet	O
+the	O
+growing	O
+demands	O
+of	O
+the	O
+information	O
+society	O
+.	O
+Several	O
+pedagogical	B-KEY
+approaches	I-KEY
+employed	O
+in	O
+other	O
+fields	O
+may	O
+be	O
+adopted	O
+for	O
+information	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+,	O
+as	O
+long	O
+as	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+curricula	O
+provide	O
+an	O
+interdisciplinary	O
+approach	O
+and	O
+balance	O
+instruction	O
+in	O
+technical	O
+and	O
+design	O
+skills	O
+with	O
+consideration	O
+of	O
+theoretical	O
+concepts	O
+.	O
+Key	O
+content	O
+areas	O
+are	O
+information	B-KEY
+organization	I-KEY
+,	O
+graphic	O
+.	O
+design	O
+,	O
+computer	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+,	O
+user	O
+and	O
+usability	B-KEY
+studies	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+communication	O
+.	O
+Certain	O
+logistics	O
+must	O
+be	O
+worked	O
+out	O
+,	O
+including	O
+where	O
+information	O
+architecture	O
+studies	O
+should	O
+be	O
+housed	O
+and	O
+what	O
+kinds	O
+of	O
+degrees	O
+should	O
+be	O
+offered	O
+and	O
+at	O
+what	O
+levels	O
+.	O
+The	O
+successful	O
+information	O
+architecture	O
+curriculum	O
+will	O
+be	O
+flexible	O
+and	O
+adaptable	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+meet	O
+the	O
+changing	O
+needs	O
+of	O
+students	O
+and	O
+the	O
+marketplace	O
+
+A	O
+friction	B-KEY
+compensator	I-KEY
+for	O
+pneumatic	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+valves	I-KEY
+A	O
+procedure	O
+that	O
+compensates	O
+for	O
+static	O
+friction	O
+-LRB-	O
+stiction	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+pneumatic	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+valves	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+compensation	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+by	O
+adding	O
+pulses	O
+to	O
+the	O
+control	O
+signal	O
+.	O
+The	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+pulses	O
+are	O
+determined	O
+from	O
+the	O
+control	O
+action	O
+.	O
+The	O
+compensator	O
+is	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+industrial	B-KEY
+controllers	I-KEY
+and	O
+control	O
+systems	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+industrial	O
+experiences	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+procedure	O
+reduces	O
+the	O
+control	O
+error	O
+during	O
+stick-slip	B-KEY
+motion	I-KEY
+significantly	O
+compared	O
+to	O
+standard	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+without	O
+stiction	B-KEY
+compensation	I-KEY
+
+CAD/CAE	B-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+aids	O
+converter	O
+design	O
+-LSB-	O
+DC/DC	O
+power	O
+conversion	O
+-RSB-	O
+Typically	O
+,	O
+power	B-KEY
+supply	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+involves	O
+electronic	O
+and	O
+magnetic	B-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+the	O
+authors	O
+describe	O
+,	O
+using	O
+a	O
+flyback	O
+converter	O
+example	O
+,	O
+how	O
+CAD/CAE	O
+tools	O
+can	O
+aid	O
+the	O
+power	O
+supply	O
+engineer	O
+in	O
+both	O
+areas	O
+,	O
+reducing	O
+prototyping	B-KEY
+costs	I-KEY
+and	O
+providing	O
+insights	O
+into	O
+system	O
+performance	O
+
+Tracking	O
+nonparameterized	B-KEY
+object	I-KEY
+contours	I-KEY
+in	O
+video	B-KEY
+We	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+for	O
+contour	B-KEY
+tracking	I-KEY
+in	O
+video	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+inverted	B-KEY
+distance	I-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+edge	B-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+as	O
+an	O
+edge	B-KEY
+indicator	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+for	O
+contour	O
+detection	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+topographical	B-KEY
+distance	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+watershed	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+formulated	O
+as	O
+a	O
+minimization	B-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+new	O
+viewpoint	O
+gives	O
+a	O
+way	O
+to	O
+combine	O
+the	O
+results	O
+of	O
+the	O
+watershed	O
+algorithm	O
+on	O
+different	O
+surfaces	O
+.	O
+In	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+our	O
+algorithm	O
+determines	O
+the	O
+contour	O
+as	O
+a	O
+combination	O
+of	O
+the	O
+current	O
+edge	B-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+contour	O
+,	O
+predicted	O
+from	O
+the	O
+tracking	O
+result	O
+in	O
+the	O
+previous	O
+frame	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+background	B-KEY
+clutter	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+relaxed	O
+by	O
+taking	O
+the	O
+object	B-KEY
+motion	I-KEY
+into	O
+account	O
+.	O
+The	O
+compensation	O
+with	O
+object	B-KEY
+motion	I-KEY
+allows	O
+to	O
+detect	O
+and	O
+remove	O
+spurious	O
+edges	O
+in	O
+background	O
+.	O
+The	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+confirm	O
+the	O
+expected	O
+advantages	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+over	O
+the	O
+existing	O
+approaches	O
+
+From	O
+a	O
+biological	O
+to	O
+a	O
+computational	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+autonomous	B-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+animat	B-KEY
+Endowing	O
+an	O
+autonomous	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+like	O
+a	O
+robot	B-KEY
+with	O
+intelligent	B-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+is	O
+difficult	O
+for	O
+several	O
+reasons	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+behavior	O
+is	O
+such	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+topic	O
+that	O
+a	O
+general	O
+framework	O
+paradigm	O
+of	O
+inspiration	O
+must	O
+be	O
+chosen	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+a	O
+consistent	O
+model	O
+.	O
+Such	O
+a	O
+framework	O
+can	O
+be	O
+,	O
+for	O
+example	O
+,	O
+biological	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+or	O
+an	O
+artificial	O
+intelligence	O
+approach	O
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+a	O
+general	O
+framework	O
+is	O
+not	O
+sufficient	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+a	O
+fully	O
+specified	O
+program	O
+to	O
+be	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+a	O
+robot	B-KEY
+.	O
+Many	O
+choices	O
+,	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+and	O
+tests	B-KEY
+must	O
+be	O
+carried	O
+out	O
+before	O
+obtaining	O
+a	O
+robust	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+biological	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+definition	O
+of	O
+cortex-like	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+,	O
+representing	O
+elementary	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+perceptive	O
+,	O
+motor	O
+or	O
+associative	B-KEY
+domain	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+automata	O
+are	O
+connected	O
+in	O
+a	O
+network	O
+whose	O
+architecture	B-KEY
+,	O
+functioning	O
+and	O
+learning	B-KEY
+rules	I-KEY
+are	O
+described	O
+in	O
+a	O
+cortical	O
+framework	O
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+the	O
+computational	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+derived	O
+from	O
+that	O
+biological	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+is	O
+specified	O
+.	O
+The	O
+way	O
+units	O
+exchange	O
+and	O
+compute	O
+variables	O
+through	O
+links	B-KEY
+is	O
+explained	O
+,	O
+with	O
+reference	O
+to	O
+corresponding	O
+biological	O
+elements	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+then	O
+easier	O
+to	O
+report	O
+experiments	O
+allowing	O
+an	O
+autonomous	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+to	O
+learn	O
+regularities	O
+of	O
+a	O
+simple	B-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+exploit	O
+them	O
+to	O
+satisfy	O
+some	O
+internal	B-KEY
+drives	I-KEY
+.	O
+Even	O
+if	O
+additional	O
+biological	O
+hints	O
+can	O
+be	O
+added	O
+,	O
+this	O
+model	O
+allow	O
+us	O
+to	O
+better	O
+understand	O
+how	O
+a	O
+biological	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+implemented	O
+and	O
+how	O
+biological	O
+properties	O
+can	O
+emerge	O
+from	O
+a	O
+distributed	O
+set	O
+of	O
+units	O
+
+Flexibility	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+of	O
+complex	B-KEY
+technical	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+under	O
+uncertainty	O
+An	O
+important	O
+problem	O
+in	O
+designing	O
+technical	O
+systems	O
+under	O
+partial	B-KEY
+uncertainty	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+initial	O
+physical	O
+,	O
+chemical	O
+,	O
+and	O
+technological	O
+data	O
+is	O
+the	O
+determination	O
+of	O
+a	O
+design	O
+in	O
+which	O
+the	O
+technical	O
+system	O
+is	O
+flexible	O
+,	O
+i.e.	O
+,	O
+its	O
+control	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+is	O
+capable	O
+of	O
+guaranteeing	O
+that	O
+the	O
+constraints	O
+hold	O
+even	O
+under	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+external	O
+and	O
+internal	O
+factors	O
+and	O
+application	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+mathematical	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+in	O
+its	O
+design	O
+.	O
+Three	O
+flexibility	O
+problems	O
+,	O
+viz.	O
+,	O
+the	O
+flexibility	O
+of	O
+a	O
+technical	O
+system	O
+of	O
+given	O
+structure	O
+,	O
+structural	B-KEY
+flexibility	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+technical	O
+system	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+guaranteeing	O
+the	O
+flexibility	O
+of	O
+a	O
+technical	O
+system	O
+,	O
+are	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+approaches	O
+to	O
+these	O
+problems	O
+are	O
+elaborated	O
+.	O
+Results	O
+of	O
+a	O
+computation	O
+experiment	O
+are	O
+given	O
+
+The	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+emotions	B-KEY
+on	O
+bounded	B-KEY
+rationality	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+comment	O
+on	O
+Kaufman	O
+Bruce	O
+Kaufman	O
+'s	O
+article	O
+-LRB-	O
+1999	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+``	O
+Emotional	B-KEY
+arousal	O
+as	O
+a	O
+source	O
+of	O
+bounded	B-KEY
+rationality	I-KEY
+''	O
+,	O
+objective	O
+is	O
+to	O
+present	O
+an	O
+additional	O
+source	O
+of	O
+bounded	B-KEY
+rationality	I-KEY
+,	O
+one	O
+that	O
+is	O
+not	O
+due	O
+to	O
+cognitive	O
+constraints	O
+,	O
+but	O
+to	O
+high	O
+emotional	B-KEY
+arousal	O
+.	O
+In	O
+doing	O
+so	O
+,	O
+Kaufman	O
+is	O
+following	O
+a	O
+long	O
+tradition	O
+of	O
+thinkers	O
+who	O
+have	O
+contrasted	O
+emotion	B-KEY
+with	O
+reason	O
+,	O
+claiming	O
+,	O
+for	O
+the	O
+most	O
+part	O
+,	O
+that	O
+emotions	B-KEY
+are	O
+a	O
+violent	O
+force	O
+hindering	O
+rational	B-KEY
+thinking	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+aims	O
+to	O
+challenge	O
+Kaufman	O
+'s	O
+unidimensional	O
+idea	O
+regarding	O
+the	O
+connection	O
+between	O
+high	O
+emotional	B-KEY
+arousal	O
+and	O
+decision	B-KEY
+making	I-KEY
+
+Design	O
+and	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+brain-computer	B-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+with	I-KEY
+high	I-KEY
+transfer	I-KEY
+rates	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+brain-computer	O
+interface	O
+-LRB-	O
+BCI	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+can	O
+help	O
+users	O
+to	O
+input	O
+phone	O
+numbers	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+steady-state	B-KEY
+visual	I-KEY
+evoked	I-KEY
+potential	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SSVEP	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Twelve	O
+buttons	O
+illuminated	O
+at	O
+different	O
+rates	O
+were	O
+displayed	O
+on	O
+a	O
+computer	B-KEY
+monitor	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+buttons	O
+constituted	O
+a	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+telephone	I-KEY
+keypad	I-KEY
+,	O
+representing	O
+the	O
+ten	O
+digits	O
+0-9	O
+,	O
+BACKSPACE	O
+,	O
+and	O
+ENTER	O
+.	O
+Users	O
+could	O
+input	O
+phone	O
+number	O
+by	O
+gazing	O
+at	O
+these	O
+buttons	O
+.	O
+The	O
+frequency-coded	B-KEY
+SSVEP	I-KEY
+was	O
+used	O
+to	O
+judge	O
+which	O
+button	O
+the	O
+user	O
+desired	O
+.	O
+Eight	O
+of	O
+the	O
+thirteen	O
+subjects	O
+succeeded	O
+in	O
+ringing	O
+the	O
+mobile	O
+phone	O
+using	O
+the	O
+system	O
+.	O
+The	O
+average	O
+transfer	O
+rate	O
+over	O
+all	O
+subjects	O
+was	O
+27.15	O
+bits/min	O
+.	O
+The	O
+attractive	O
+features	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+are	O
+noninvasive	O
+signal	O
+recording	O
+,	O
+little	O
+training	O
+required	O
+for	O
+use	O
+,	O
+and	O
+high	O
+information	O
+transfer	O
+rate	O
+.	O
+Approaches	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+
+Why	O
+your	O
+Web	B-KEY
+strategy	I-KEY
+is	O
+,	O
+err	O
+,	O
+wrong	O
+An	O
+awkward	O
+look	O
+at	O
+a	O
+few	O
+standard	O
+views	O
+from	O
+the	O
+author	O
+,	O
+who	O
+thinks	O
+that	O
+most	O
+people	O
+have	O
+got	O
+it	O
+,	O
+err	O
+,	O
+wrong	O
+.	O
+Like	O
+every	O
+other	O
+investment	O
+,	O
+when	O
+the	O
+time	O
+comes	O
+to	O
+sign	O
+the	O
+contract	O
+,	O
+the	O
+question	O
+that	O
+should	O
+be	O
+asked	O
+is	O
+not	O
+whether	O
+it	O
+is	O
+a	O
+good	O
+investment	O
+,	O
+but	O
+whether	O
+it	O
+is	O
+the	O
+best	O
+investment	O
+the	O
+firm	O
+can	O
+make	O
+with	O
+the	O
+money	O
+.	O
+the	O
+author	O
+argues	O
+that	O
+he	O
+would	O
+be	O
+surprised	O
+if	O
+any	O
+law	B-KEY
+firm	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+he	O
+has	O
+seen	O
+yet	O
+would	O
+jump	O
+that	O
+particular	O
+hurdle	O
+
+Hours	O
+of	O
+operation	O
+and	O
+service	O
+in	O
+academic	O
+libraries	O
+:	O
+toward	O
+a	O
+national	O
+standard	O
+In	O
+an	O
+effort	O
+toward	O
+establishing	O
+a	O
+standard	O
+for	O
+academic	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+hours	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+article	O
+surveys	O
+and	O
+compares	O
+hours	O
+of	O
+operation	O
+and	O
+service	O
+for	O
+ARL	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+and	O
+IPEDS	B-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+respondents	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+ranks	O
+the	O
+ARL	O
+-LRB-	O
+Association	B-KEY
+for	I-KEY
+Research	I-KEY
+Libraries	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+libraries	O
+according	O
+to	O
+hours	O
+of	O
+operation	O
+and	O
+reference	O
+hours	O
+and	O
+then	O
+briefly	O
+discusses	O
+such	O
+issues	O
+as	O
+libraries	O
+offering	O
+twenty-four	O
+access	O
+and	O
+factors	O
+affecting	O
+service	O
+hour	O
+decisions	O
+
+Optical	B-KEY
+encoding	I-KEY
+of	O
+color	B-KEY
+three-dimensional	I-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+Three-dimensional	O
+-LRB-	O
+3D	O
+-RRB-	O
+correlation	O
+of	O
+color	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+,	O
+considering	O
+the	O
+color	B-KEY
+distribution	I-KEY
+as	O
+the	O
+third	O
+dimension	O
+,	O
+has	O
+been	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+be	O
+useful	O
+for	O
+color	B-KEY
+pattern	I-KEY
+recognition	I-KEY
+tasks	I-KEY
+.	O
+Nevertheless	O
+,	O
+3D	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+can	O
+not	O
+be	O
+directly	O
+performed	O
+on	O
+an	O
+optical	B-KEY
+correlator	I-KEY
+,	O
+that	O
+can	O
+only	O
+process	O
+two-dimensional	O
+-LRB-	O
+2D	O
+-RRB-	O
+signals	O
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+method	O
+to	O
+encode	O
+3D	O
+functions	O
+onto	O
+2D	O
+ones	O
+in	O
+such	O
+a	O
+way	O
+that	O
+the	O
+Fourier	B-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+and	O
+correlation	O
+of	O
+these	O
+signals	O
+,	O
+that	O
+can	O
+be	O
+optically	O
+performed	O
+,	O
+encode	O
+the	O
+3D	B-KEY
+Fourier	I-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+and	O
+correlation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+3D	O
+signals	O
+.	O
+The	O
+theory	O
+for	O
+the	O
+encoding	O
+is	O
+given	O
+and	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+obtained	O
+in	O
+an	O
+optical	B-KEY
+correlator	I-KEY
+are	O
+shown	O
+
+Activity	O
+and	O
+location	O
+recognition	O
+using	O
+wearable	B-KEY
+sensors	I-KEY
+Using	O
+measured	B-KEY
+acceleration	I-KEY
+and	O
+angular	B-KEY
+velocity	I-KEY
+data	O
+gathered	O
+through	O
+inexpensive	O
+,	O
+wearable	B-KEY
+sensors	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+dead-reckoning	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+can	O
+determine	O
+a	O
+user	O
+'s	O
+location	O
+,	O
+detect	O
+transitions	B-KEY
+between	O
+preselected	B-KEY
+locations	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+recognize	O
+and	O
+classify	O
+sitting	B-KEY
+,	O
+standing	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+walking	B-KEY
+behaviors	O
+.	O
+Experiments	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+'s	O
+effectiveness	O
+
+A	O
+new	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+decomposition	O
+of	O
+Boolean	O
+functions	O
+by	O
+the	O
+method	O
+of	O
+q-partitions	B-KEY
+.	O
+II	O
+.	O
+Repeated	O
+decomposition	O
+For	O
+pt.I	O
+.	O
+see	O
+Upr	O
+.	O
+Sist	O
+.	O
+Mash.	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+6	O
+,	O
+p.	O
+29-42	O
+-LRB-	O
+1999	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+A	O
+new	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+decomposition	O
+of	O
+Boolean	O
+,	O
+functions	O
+that	O
+depend	O
+on	O
+n	O
+variables	O
+and	O
+are	O
+represented	O
+in	O
+various	O
+forms	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+method	O
+of	O
+q-partitioning	B-KEY
+of	O
+minterms	B-KEY
+and	O
+on	O
+the	O
+introduced	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+a	O
+decomposition	B-KEY
+clone	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+theorem	O
+on	O
+simple	O
+disjunctive	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+of	O
+full	O
+and	O
+partial	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+is	O
+formulated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+proposed	O
+is	O
+illustrated	O
+by	O
+examples	O
+
+Implications	O
+of	O
+document-level	B-KEY
+literacy	I-KEY
+skills	I-KEY
+for	O
+Web	O
+site	O
+design	O
+The	O
+proliferation	O
+of	O
+World	O
+Wide	O
+Web	O
+-LRB-	O
+Web	O
+-RRB-	O
+sites	O
+and	O
+the	O
+low	O
+cost	O
+of	O
+publishing	O
+information	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+have	O
+placed	O
+a	O
+tremendous	O
+amount	O
+of	O
+information	O
+at	O
+the	O
+fingertips	O
+of	O
+millions	O
+of	O
+people	O
+.	O
+Although	O
+most	O
+of	O
+this	O
+information	O
+is	O
+at	O
+least	O
+intended	O
+to	O
+be	O
+accurate	O
+,	O
+there	O
+is	O
+much	O
+that	O
+is	O
+rumor	B-KEY
+,	O
+innuendo	B-KEY
+,	O
+urban	B-KEY
+legend	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+outright	O
+falsehood	B-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+raises	O
+problems	O
+especially	O
+for	O
+students	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+of	O
+all	O
+ages	O
+-RRB-	O
+trying	O
+to	O
+do	O
+research	O
+or	O
+learn	O
+about	O
+some	O
+topic	O
+.	O
+Finding	O
+accurate	O
+,	O
+credible	O
+information	O
+requires	O
+document	O
+level	O
+literacy	O
+skills	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+integration	B-KEY
+,	O
+sourcing	B-KEY
+,	O
+corroboration	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+search	B-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+discusses	O
+these	O
+skills	O
+and	O
+offers	O
+a	O
+list	O
+of	O
+simple	O
+ways	O
+that	O
+designers	O
+of	O
+educational	O
+Web	O
+sites	O
+can	O
+help	O
+their	O
+visitors	O
+utilize	O
+these	O
+skills	O
+
+Alien	B-KEY
+Rescue	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+problem-based	B-KEY
+hypermedia	I-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+for	O
+middle	B-KEY
+school	I-KEY
+science	O
+The	O
+article	O
+describes	O
+an	O
+innovative	O
+hypermedia	O
+product	O
+for	O
+sixth	B-KEY
+graders	I-KEY
+in	O
+space	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+:	O
+Alien	B-KEY
+Rescue	I-KEY
+.	O
+Using	O
+a	O
+problem-based	O
+learning	O
+approach	O
+that	O
+is	O
+highly	O
+interactive	O
+,	O
+Alien	B-KEY
+Rescue	I-KEY
+engages	O
+students	O
+in	O
+scientific	B-KEY
+investigations	I-KEY
+aimed	O
+at	O
+finding	O
+solutions	O
+to	O
+complex	O
+and	O
+meaningful	O
+problems	O
+.	O
+Problem-based	O
+learning	O
+-LRB-	O
+PBL	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+an	O
+instructional	B-KEY
+strategy	I-KEY
+proven	O
+to	O
+be	O
+effective	O
+in	O
+medical	O
+and	O
+business	B-KEY
+fields	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+it	O
+is	O
+increasingly	O
+popular	O
+in	O
+education	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+using	O
+PBL	B-KEY
+in	O
+K-12	B-KEY
+classrooms	I-KEY
+is	O
+challenging	O
+and	O
+requires	O
+access	O
+to	O
+rich	B-KEY
+knowledge	I-KEY
+bases	I-KEY
+and	O
+cognitive	B-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+.	O
+Alien	B-KEY
+Rescue	I-KEY
+is	O
+designed	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+such	O
+cognitive	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+for	O
+successful	O
+use	O
+of	O
+PBL	B-KEY
+in	O
+sixth-grade	O
+classrooms	O
+.	O
+The	O
+design	O
+and	O
+development	O
+of	O
+Alien	B-KEY
+Rescue	I-KEY
+is	O
+guided	O
+by	O
+current	O
+educational	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+.	O
+Research	O
+is	O
+an	O
+integral	O
+part	O
+of	O
+this	O
+project	O
+.	O
+Results	O
+of	O
+formative	B-KEY
+evaluation	I-KEY
+and	O
+research	O
+studies	O
+are	O
+being	O
+integrated	O
+into	O
+the	O
+development	O
+and	O
+improvement	O
+of	O
+the	O
+program	O
+.	O
+Alien	B-KEY
+Rescue	I-KEY
+is	O
+designed	O
+in	O
+accordance	O
+with	O
+the	O
+National	O
+Science	O
+Standards	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Texas	O
+Essential	O
+Knowledge	O
+and	O
+Skills	O
+-LRB-	O
+TEKS	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+science	O
+.	O
+So	O
+far	O
+Alien	B-KEY
+Rescue	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+field-tested	O
+by	O
+approximately	O
+1400	O
+sixth	B-KEY
+graders	I-KEY
+.	O
+More	O
+use	O
+in	O
+middle	B-KEY
+schools	I-KEY
+is	O
+in	O
+progress	O
+and	O
+more	O
+research	O
+on	O
+its	O
+use	O
+is	O
+planned	O
+
+Challenges	B-KEY
+and	O
+trends	B-KEY
+in	O
+discrete	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+Over	O
+50	O
+years	O
+ago	O
+,	O
+the	O
+100,000	O
+workers	O
+at	O
+Ford	O
+'s	O
+Rouge	O
+automobile	B-KEY
+factory	I-KEY
+turned	O
+out	O
+1200	O
+cars	O
+per	O
+day	O
+.	O
+Nowadays	O
+,	O
+Ford	O
+'s	O
+plant	O
+on	O
+that	O
+same	O
+site	O
+still	O
+produces	O
+800	O
+cars	O
+each	O
+day	O
+but	O
+with	O
+just	O
+3000	O
+workers	O
+.	O
+Similar	O
+stories	O
+abound	O
+in	O
+the	O
+manufacturing	O
+industries	O
+;	O
+technology	B-KEY
+revolution	I-KEY
+and	O
+evolution	O
+;	O
+a	O
+shift	O
+from	O
+vertical	O
+integration	O
+,	O
+better	O
+business	O
+and	O
+production	B-KEY
+practices	I-KEY
+and	O
+improved	O
+industrial	O
+relations-all	O
+have	O
+changed	O
+manufacturing	O
+beyond	O
+recognition	O
+.	O
+So	O
+what	O
+are	O
+the	O
+current	O
+challenges	B-KEY
+and	O
+trends	B-KEY
+in	O
+manufacturing	O
+?	O
+Certainly	O
+,	O
+the	O
+relentless	O
+advance	O
+of	O
+technology	O
+will	O
+continue	O
+,	O
+as	O
+will	O
+user	O
+pressure	O
+for	O
+more	O
+customized	O
+design	O
+or	O
+improved	O
+environmental	O
+friendliness	O
+.	O
+Some	O
+trends	B-KEY
+are	O
+already	O
+with	O
+us	O
+and	O
+more	O
+,	O
+as	O
+yet	O
+indiscernible	O
+,	O
+will	O
+come	O
+.	O
+But	O
+one	O
+major	O
+,	O
+fundamental	O
+shift	O
+now	O
+resounding	O
+throughout	O
+industry	O
+is	O
+the	O
+way	O
+in	O
+which	O
+information	O
+involving	O
+every	O
+single	O
+aspect	O
+of	O
+the	O
+manufacturing	O
+process	O
+is	O
+being	O
+integrated	O
+into	O
+one	O
+seamless	O
+system	O
+
+Multispectral	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+capture	I-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+liquid	B-KEY
+crystal	I-KEY
+tunable	I-KEY
+filter	I-KEY
+We	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+setup	O
+of	O
+a	O
+multispectral	O
+color	O
+image	O
+acquisition	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+consisting	O
+of	O
+a	O
+professional	O
+monochrome	O
+CCD	O
+camera	O
+and	O
+a	O
+tunable	O
+filter	O
+in	O
+which	O
+the	O
+spectral	O
+transmittance	O
+can	O
+be	O
+controlled	O
+electronically	O
+.	O
+We	O
+perform	O
+a	O
+spectral	B-KEY
+characterization	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+acquisition	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+taking	O
+into	O
+account	O
+the	O
+acquisition	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+.	O
+To	O
+convert	O
+the	O
+camera	B-KEY
+output	I-KEY
+signals	O
+to	O
+device-independent	O
+color	O
+data	O
+,	O
+two	O
+main	O
+approaches	O
+are	O
+proposed	O
+and	O
+evaluated	O
+.	O
+One	O
+consists	O
+in	O
+applying	O
+regression	B-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+to	O
+convert	O
+from	O
+the	O
+K	O
+camera	B-KEY
+outputs	I-KEY
+to	O
+a	O
+device-independent	O
+color	O
+space	O
+such	O
+as	O
+CIEXYZ	O
+or	O
+CIELAB	O
+.	O
+Another	O
+method	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+spectral	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+acquisition	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+.	O
+By	O
+inverting	O
+the	O
+model	O
+using	O
+a	O
+principal	B-KEY
+eigenvector	I-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+,	O
+we	O
+estimate	O
+the	O
+spectral	B-KEY
+reflectance	I-KEY
+of	O
+each	O
+pixel	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+imaged	B-KEY
+surface	I-KEY
+
+The	O
+influence	O
+of	O
+tollbooths	B-KEY
+on	O
+highway	B-KEY
+traffic	I-KEY
+We	O
+study	O
+the	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+tollbooths	B-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+traffic	O
+flow	O
+.	O
+The	O
+highway	B-KEY
+traffic	I-KEY
+is	O
+simulated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Nagel-Schreckenberg	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+.	O
+Various	O
+types	O
+of	O
+toll	B-KEY
+collection	I-KEY
+are	O
+examined	O
+,	O
+which	O
+can	O
+be	O
+characterized	O
+either	O
+by	O
+a	O
+waiting	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+or	O
+a	O
+reduced	B-KEY
+speed	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+first-order	B-KEY
+phase	I-KEY
+transition	I-KEY
+is	O
+observed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+phase	O
+separation	O
+results	O
+a	O
+saturated	B-KEY
+flow	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+observed	O
+as	O
+a	O
+plateau	O
+region	O
+in	O
+the	O
+fundamental	O
+diagram	O
+.	O
+The	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+lane	B-KEY
+expansion	I-KEY
+near	O
+the	O
+tollbooth	B-KEY
+are	O
+examined	O
+.	O
+The	O
+full	O
+capacity	O
+of	O
+a	O
+highway	O
+can	O
+be	O
+restored	O
+.	O
+The	O
+emergence	O
+of	O
+vehicle	B-KEY
+queuing	I-KEY
+is	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+Besides	O
+the	O
+numerical	O
+results	O
+,	O
+we	O
+also	O
+obtain	O
+analytical	O
+expressions	O
+for	O
+various	O
+quantities	O
+.	O
+The	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+simulations	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+well	O
+described	O
+by	O
+the	O
+analytical	O
+formulas	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+discuss	O
+the	O
+influence	O
+on	O
+the	O
+travel	O
+time	O
+and	O
+its	O
+variance	O
+.	O
+The	O
+tollbooth	B-KEY
+increases	O
+the	O
+travel	O
+time	O
+but	O
+decreases	O
+its	O
+variance	O
+.	O
+The	O
+differences	O
+between	O
+long	O
+-	O
+and	O
+short-distance	O
+travelers	O
+are	O
+also	O
+discussed	O
+
+Generating	O
+code	O
+at	O
+run	O
+time	O
+with	O
+Reflection.Emit	O
+The	O
+.	O
+NET	O
+framework	O
+SDK	O
+includes	O
+several	O
+tools	O
+that	O
+convert	O
+source	O
+code	O
+into	O
+executable	O
+code-the	O
+C#	O
+and	O
+VB.NET	O
+compilers	O
+get	O
+most	O
+of	O
+the	O
+attention	O
+,	O
+but	O
+there	O
+are	O
+others	O
+.	O
+The	O
+Regex	B-KEY
+class	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+in	O
+the	O
+System.Text.RegularExpressions	O
+namespace	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+the	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+compile	O
+favorite	O
+regular	O
+expressions	O
+into	O
+a	O
+.	O
+NET	O
+assembly	B-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+fact	O
+,	O
+the	O
+NET	O
+Common	O
+Language	O
+Runtime	O
+-LRB-	O
+CLR	O
+-RRB-	O
+contains	O
+a	O
+whole	O
+namespace	O
+full	O
+of	O
+classes	O
+to	O
+help	O
+us	O
+build	O
+assemblies	B-KEY
+,	O
+define	O
+types	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+emit	O
+their	O
+implementations	O
+,	O
+all	O
+at	O
+run	O
+time	O
+.	O
+These	O
+classes	O
+,	O
+which	O
+comprise	O
+the	O
+System.Reflection.Emit	O
+namespace	O
+,	O
+are	O
+known	O
+collectively	O
+as	O
+Reflection	O
+.	O
+Emit	O
+
+Stabilization	B-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+linear	O
+object	O
+by	O
+frequency-modulated	B-KEY
+pulsed	I-KEY
+signals	I-KEY
+A	O
+control	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+consisting	O
+of	O
+an	O
+unstable	O
+continuous	O
+linear	O
+part	O
+and	O
+a	O
+pulse-frequency	O
+modulator	O
+in	O
+the	O
+feedback	B-KEY
+circuit	I-KEY
+is	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+Conditions	O
+for	O
+the	O
+boundedness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+solutions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+under	O
+any	O
+initial	O
+data	O
+are	O
+determined	O
+
+Model	B-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+in	O
+electromagnetic	B-KEY
+source	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+with	O
+an	O
+application	O
+to	O
+VEFs	B-KEY
+In	O
+electromagnetic	B-KEY
+source	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+necessary	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+how	O
+many	O
+sources	O
+are	O
+required	O
+to	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+electroencephalogram	O
+or	O
+magnetoencephalogram	O
+adequately	O
+.	O
+Model	B-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+procedures	O
+-LRB-	O
+MSPs	O
+-RRB-	O
+or	O
+goodness	O
+of	O
+fit	O
+procedures	O
+give	O
+an	O
+estimate	O
+of	O
+the	O
+required	O
+number	O
+of	O
+sources	O
+.	O
+Existing	O
+and	O
+new	O
+MSPs	O
+are	O
+evaluated	O
+in	O
+different	O
+source	O
+and	O
+noise	B-KEY
+settings	I-KEY
+:	O
+two	O
+sources	O
+which	O
+are	O
+close	O
+or	O
+distant	O
+and	O
+noise	O
+which	O
+is	O
+uncorrelated	O
+or	O
+correlated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+commonly	O
+used	O
+MSP	O
+residual	B-KEY
+variance	I-KEY
+is	O
+seen	O
+to	O
+be	O
+ineffective	O
+,	O
+that	O
+is	O
+it	O
+often	O
+selects	O
+too	O
+many	O
+sources	O
+.	O
+Alternatives	O
+like	O
+the	O
+adjusted	O
+Hotelling	O
+'s	O
+test	O
+,	O
+Bayes	O
+information	O
+criterion	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Wald	B-KEY
+test	I-KEY
+on	O
+source	O
+amplitudes	O
+are	O
+seen	O
+to	O
+be	O
+effective	O
+.	O
+The	O
+adjusted	O
+Hotelling	O
+'s	O
+test	O
+is	O
+recommended	O
+if	O
+a	O
+conservative	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+taken	O
+and	O
+MSPs	O
+such	O
+as	O
+Bayes	O
+information	O
+criterion	O
+or	O
+the	O
+Wald	B-KEY
+test	I-KEY
+on	O
+source	O
+amplitudes	O
+are	O
+recommended	O
+if	O
+a	O
+more	O
+liberal	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+desirable	O
+.	O
+The	O
+MSPs	O
+are	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+empirical	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+visual	B-KEY
+evoked	I-KEY
+fields	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+
+State-of-the-art	O
+in	O
+orthopaedic	B-KEY
+surgical	I-KEY
+navigation	I-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+focus	O
+on	O
+medical	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+modalities	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+review	O
+of	O
+surgical	O
+navigation	O
+systems	O
+in	O
+orthopaedics	O
+and	O
+categorizes	O
+these	O
+systems	O
+according	O
+to	O
+the	O
+image	O
+modalities	O
+that	O
+are	O
+used	O
+for	O
+the	O
+visualization	O
+of	O
+surgical	O
+action	O
+.	O
+Medical	O
+images	O
+used	O
+to	O
+be	O
+an	O
+essential	O
+part	O
+of	O
+surgical	B-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+and	O
+documentation	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+diagnosis	O
+and	O
+operation	O
+planning	O
+over	O
+many	O
+years	O
+.	O
+With	O
+the	O
+recent	O
+introduction	O
+of	O
+navigation	O
+techniques	O
+in	O
+orthopaedic	O
+surgery	O
+,	O
+a	O
+new	O
+field	O
+of	O
+application	O
+has	O
+been	O
+opened	O
+.	O
+Today	O
+surgical	O
+navigation	O
+systems	O
+-	O
+also	O
+known	O
+as	O
+image-guided	B-KEY
+surgery	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+-	O
+are	O
+available	O
+for	O
+various	O
+applications	O
+in	O
+orthopaedic	O
+surgery	O
+.	O
+They	O
+visualize	O
+the	O
+position	O
+and	O
+orientation	O
+of	O
+surgical	B-KEY
+instruments	I-KEY
+as	O
+graphical	B-KEY
+overlays	I-KEY
+onto	O
+a	O
+medical	O
+image	O
+of	O
+the	O
+operated	O
+anatomy	O
+on	O
+a	O
+computer	B-KEY
+monitor	I-KEY
+.	O
+Preoperative	O
+image	O
+data	O
+such	O
+as	O
+computed	B-KEY
+tomography	I-KEY
+scans	I-KEY
+or	O
+intra	B-KEY
+operatively	I-KEY
+generated	I-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+for	O
+example	O
+,	O
+ultrasonic	O
+,	O
+endoscopic	O
+or	O
+fluoroscopic	O
+images	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+suitable	O
+for	O
+this	O
+purpose	O
+.	O
+A	O
+new	O
+category	O
+of	O
+medical	O
+images	O
+termed	O
+`	O
+surgeon-defined	B-KEY
+anatomy	I-KEY
+'	O
+has	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+that	O
+exclusively	O
+relies	O
+upon	O
+the	O
+usage	O
+of	O
+navigation	O
+technology	O
+.	O
+Points	O
+on	O
+the	O
+anatomy	O
+are	O
+digitized	O
+interactively	O
+by	O
+the	O
+surgeon	O
+and	O
+are	O
+used	O
+to	O
+build	O
+up	O
+an	O
+abstract	B-KEY
+geometrical	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+bony	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+to	O
+be	O
+operated	O
+on	O
+.	O
+This	O
+technique	O
+may	O
+be	O
+used	O
+when	O
+no	O
+other	O
+image	O
+data	O
+is	O
+available	O
+or	O
+appropriate	O
+for	O
+a	O
+given	O
+application	O
+
+WEXTOR	B-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+for	O
+generating	O
+and	O
+visualizing	O
+experimental	O
+designs	O
+and	O
+procedures	O
+WEXTOR	B-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+Javascript-based	B-KEY
+experiment	I-KEY
+generator	I-KEY
+and	O
+teaching	B-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+World	B-KEY
+Wide	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+that	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+design	O
+laboratory	O
+and	O
+Web	O
+experiments	O
+in	O
+a	O
+guided	O
+step-by-step	O
+process	O
+.	O
+It	O
+dynamically	O
+creates	O
+the	O
+customized	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+pages	I-KEY
+and	O
+Javascripts	O
+needed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+procedure	O
+and	O
+provides	O
+experimenters	O
+with	O
+a	O
+print-ready	B-KEY
+visual	I-KEY
+display	I-KEY
+of	O
+their	O
+experimental	O
+design	O
+.	O
+WEXTOR	B-KEY
+flexibly	O
+supports	O
+complete	O
+and	O
+incomplete	O
+factorial	B-KEY
+designs	I-KEY
+with	O
+between-subjects	O
+,	O
+within-subjects	O
+,	O
+and	O
+quasi-experimental	O
+factors	O
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+mixed	O
+designs	O
+.	O
+The	O
+software	O
+implements	O
+client-side	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+measurement	I-KEY
+and	O
+contains	O
+a	O
+content	B-KEY
+wizard	I-KEY
+for	O
+creating	O
+interactive	O
+materials	O
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+dependent	O
+measures	O
+-LRB-	O
+graphical	O
+scales	O
+,	O
+multiple-choice	O
+items	O
+,	O
+etc.	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+on	O
+the	O
+experiment	O
+pages	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+it	O
+does	O
+not	O
+aim	O
+to	O
+replace	O
+a	O
+full-fledged	O
+HTML	B-KEY
+editor	O
+.	O
+Several	O
+methodological	O
+features	O
+specifically	O
+needed	O
+in	O
+Web	O
+experimental	O
+design	O
+have	O
+been	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+and	O
+are	O
+described	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+WEXTOR	B-KEY
+is	O
+platform	O
+independent	O
+.	O
+The	O
+created	O
+Web	O
+pages	O
+can	O
+be	O
+uploaded	O
+to	O
+any	O
+type	O
+of	O
+Web	B-KEY
+server	I-KEY
+in	O
+which	O
+data	O
+may	O
+be	O
+recorded	O
+in	O
+logfiles	B-KEY
+or	O
+via	O
+a	O
+database	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+current	O
+version	O
+of	O
+WEXTOR	B-KEY
+is	O
+freely	O
+available	O
+for	O
+educational	O
+and	O
+noncommercial	O
+purposes	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+Web	O
+address	O
+is	O
+http://www.genpsylab.unizh.ch/wextor/index.html	O
+
+Strong	B-KEY
+active	I-KEY
+solution	I-KEY
+in	O
+non-cooperative	O
+games	O
+For	O
+the	O
+non-cooperative	O
+games	O
+and	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+accepting	O
+or	O
+rejecting	O
+a	O
+proposal	O
+,	O
+a	O
+new	O
+notion	O
+of	O
+equilibrium	O
+was	O
+proposed	O
+,	O
+its	O
+place	O
+among	O
+the	O
+known	O
+basic	O
+equilibria	O
+was	O
+established	O
+,	O
+and	O
+its	O
+application	O
+to	O
+the	O
+static	O
+and	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+game	I-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+was	O
+demonstrated	O
+
+Blitzograms	B-KEY
+-	O
+interactive	O
+histograms	B-KEY
+As	O
+computers	O
+become	O
+ever	O
+faster	O
+,	O
+more	O
+and	O
+more	O
+procedures	O
+that	O
+were	O
+once	O
+viewed	O
+as	O
+iterative	O
+will	O
+continue	O
+to	O
+become	O
+instantaneous	O
+.	O
+The	O
+blitzogram	B-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+this	O
+trend	O
+to	O
+histograms	B-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+the	O
+author	O
+hopes	O
+will	O
+lead	O
+to	O
+a	O
+better	O
+tacit	O
+understanding	O
+of	O
+probability	B-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+among	O
+both	O
+students	O
+and	O
+managers	O
+.	O
+And	O
+this	O
+is	O
+not	O
+just	O
+an	O
+academic	O
+exercise	O
+.	O
+Commercial	O
+Monte	O
+Carlo	O
+simulation	O
+packages	O
+like	O
+@RISK	O
+and	O
+Crystal	O
+Ball	O
+,	O
+and	O
+my	O
+INSIGHT.xla	O
+are	O
+widely	O
+available	O
+
+The	O
+p-p	B-KEY
+rearrangement	I-KEY
+and	O
+failure-tolerance	B-KEY
+of	O
+double	B-KEY
+p-ary	I-KEY
+multirings	I-KEY
+and	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+hypercubes	I-KEY
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+an	O
+arbitrary	O
+grouped	O
+p-element	B-KEY
+permutation	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+a	O
+conflict-free	O
+way	O
+through	O
+the	O
+commutation	B-KEY
+of	O
+channels	O
+on	O
+the	O
+double	B-KEY
+p-ary	I-KEY
+multiring	I-KEY
+or	O
+the	O
+double	O
+p-ary	O
+hypercube	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+revealed	O
+that	O
+in	O
+arbitrary	O
+single-element	B-KEY
+permutations	I-KEY
+,	O
+these	O
+commutators	B-KEY
+display	O
+the	O
+property	O
+of	O
+the	O
+-LRB-	O
+p-1	O
+-RRB-	O
+-	O
+nodal	O
+failure-tolerance	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+hypercube	I-KEY
+displays	O
+in	O
+addition	O
+the	O
+property	O
+of	O
+the	O
+-LRB-	O
+p-1	O
+-RRB-	O
+-	O
+channel	O
+failure-tolerance	B-KEY
+
+Descriptological	B-KEY
+foundations	I-KEY
+of	O
+programming	B-KEY
+Descriptological	B-KEY
+foundations	I-KEY
+of	O
+programming	B-KEY
+are	O
+constructed	O
+.	O
+An	O
+explication	O
+of	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+a	O
+descriptive	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+is	O
+given	O
+.	O
+The	O
+operations	O
+of	O
+introduction	O
+and	O
+elimination	O
+of	O
+abstraction	O
+at	O
+the	O
+level	O
+of	O
+processes	O
+are	O
+refined	O
+.	O
+An	O
+intensional	B-KEY
+concept	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+bipolar	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+is	O
+introduced	O
+.	O
+An	O
+explication	O
+of	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+introduction	O
+and	O
+extraction	O
+of	O
+abstraction	O
+at	O
+the	O
+bipole	B-KEY
+level	I-KEY
+is	O
+given	O
+.	O
+On	O
+this	O
+basis	O
+,	O
+a	O
+complete	O
+set	O
+of	O
+descriptological	O
+operations	O
+is	O
+constructed	O
+
+Three-dimensional	B-KEY
+geometrical	I-KEY
+optics	I-KEY
+code	O
+for	O
+indoor	B-KEY
+propagation	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+program	O
+,	O
+GO	O
+3D	O
+,	O
+for	O
+computing	O
+the	O
+fields	O
+of	O
+a	O
+transmitter	B-KEY
+in	O
+an	O
+indoor	O
+environment	O
+using	O
+geometrical	O
+optics	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+uses	O
+an	O
+``	O
+image	O
+tree	O
+''	O
+data	O
+structure	O
+to	O
+construct	O
+the	O
+images	O
+needed	O
+to	O
+compute	O
+all	O
+the	O
+rays	O
+carrying	O
+fields	O
+above	O
+a	O
+preset	O
+``	O
+threshold	O
+''	O
+value	O
+,	O
+no	O
+matter	O
+how	O
+many	O
+reflections	O
+are	O
+needed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+briefly	O
+describes	O
+the	O
+input	O
+file	O
+required	O
+to	O
+define	O
+wall	B-KEY
+construction	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+floor	B-KEY
+plan	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+transmitter	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+receiver	B-KEY
+locations	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+case	O
+study	O
+consisting	O
+of	O
+a	O
+long	O
+corridor	O
+with	O
+a	O
+small	O
+room	O
+on	O
+one	O
+side	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+features	O
+of	O
+the	O
+GO	O
+3D	O
+program	O
+
+Lower	B-KEY
+bounds	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+of	O
+secret	B-KEY
+sharing	I-KEY
+schemes	I-KEY
+with	O
+homogeneous	B-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+We	O
+present	O
+some	O
+new	O
+lower	B-KEY
+bounds	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+and	O
+on	O
+the	O
+optimal	O
+average	O
+information	O
+rate	O
+of	O
+secret	O
+sharing	O
+schemes	O
+with	O
+homogeneous	O
+access	O
+structure	O
+.	O
+These	O
+bounds	O
+are	O
+found	O
+by	O
+using	O
+some	O
+covering	O
+constructions	O
+and	O
+a	O
+new	O
+parameter	O
+,	O
+the	O
+k-degree	B-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+participant	O
+,	O
+that	O
+is	O
+introduced	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+bounds	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+previous	O
+ones	O
+in	O
+almost	O
+all	O
+cases	O
+
+All-optical	O
+XOR	O
+gate	O
+using	O
+semiconductor	B-KEY
+optical	I-KEY
+amplifiers	I-KEY
+without	O
+additional	O
+input	O
+beam	O
+The	O
+novel	O
+design	B-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+all-optical	O
+XOR	O
+gate	O
+by	O
+using	O
+cross-gain	B-KEY
+modulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+semiconductor	B-KEY
+optical	I-KEY
+amplifiers	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+suggested	O
+and	O
+demonstrated	O
+successfully	O
+at	O
+10	O
+Gb/s	O
+.	O
+Boolean	O
+AB	O
+and	O
+AB	O
+of	O
+the	O
+two	O
+input	O
+signals	O
+A	O
+and	O
+B	O
+have	O
+been	O
+obtained	O
+and	O
+combined	O
+to	O
+achieve	O
+the	O
+all-optical	O
+XOR	O
+gate	O
+.	O
+No	O
+additional	O
+input	O
+beam	O
+such	O
+as	O
+a	O
+clock	O
+signal	O
+or	O
+continuous	O
+wave	O
+light	O
+is	O
+used	O
+in	O
+this	O
+new	O
+design	B-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+required	O
+in	O
+other	O
+all-optical	O
+XOR	O
+gates	O
+
+The	O
+two	O
+populations	B-KEY
+'	O
+cellular	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+with	O
+predation	B-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Penna	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+In	O
+Penna	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1995	O
+-RRB-	O
+single-species	B-KEY
+asexual	I-KEY
+bit-string	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+biological	B-KEY
+ageing	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+Verhulst	B-KEY
+factor	I-KEY
+has	O
+too	O
+strong	O
+a	O
+restraining	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+the	O
+population	B-KEY
+.	O
+Danuta	O
+Makowiec	O
+gave	O
+an	O
+improved	O
+model	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+lattice	B-KEY
+,	O
+where	O
+the	O
+restraining	O
+factor	O
+of	O
+the	O
+four	O
+neighbours	O
+take	O
+the	O
+place	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Verhulst	B-KEY
+factor	I-KEY
+.	O
+Here	O
+,	O
+we	O
+discuss	O
+the	O
+two	O
+populations	B-KEY
+'	O
+Penna	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+with	O
+predation	B-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+planar	O
+lattice	B-KEY
+of	O
+two	O
+dimensions	O
+.	O
+A	O
+cellular	B-KEY
+automata	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+containing	O
+movable	O
+wolves	B-KEY
+and	O
+sheep	B-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+built	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+both	O
+the	O
+quantity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+wolves	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+sheep	B-KEY
+fluctuate	B-KEY
+in	O
+accordance	O
+with	O
+the	O
+law	O
+that	O
+one	O
+quantity	O
+increases	O
+while	O
+the	O
+other	O
+one	O
+decreases	O
+
+Novel	O
+denoising	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+obtaining	O
+a	O
+superresolved	B-KEY
+position	I-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+We	O
+present	O
+a	O
+new	O
+algorithm	O
+that	O
+uses	O
+the	O
+randomness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+noise	O
+pattern	O
+to	O
+achieve	O
+high	B-KEY
+positioning	I-KEY
+accuracy	I-KEY
+by	O
+applying	O
+a	O
+modified	B-KEY
+averaging	I-KEY
+operation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Using	O
+the	O
+suggested	O
+approach	O
+,	O
+noise	B-KEY
+sensitivity	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+positioning	O
+accuracy	O
+can	O
+be	O
+significantly	O
+reduced	O
+.	O
+This	O
+new	O
+improved	O
+algorithm	O
+can	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+performances	O
+of	O
+tracking	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+used	O
+for	O
+military	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+civil	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+concept	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+theoretically	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+by	O
+optical	B-KEY
+experiment	I-KEY
+
+Pane	O
+relief	O
+.	O
+Robotic	O
+solutions	O
+for	O
+car	O
+windshield	O
+assembly	O
+Just	O
+looking	O
+through	O
+a	O
+car	O
+'s	O
+windshield	O
+does	O
+n't	O
+give	O
+us	O
+much	O
+reason	O
+to	O
+wonder	O
+about	O
+how	O
+it	O
+'s	O
+made	O
+.	O
+The	O
+idea	O
+that	O
+special	O
+manufacturing	B-KEY
+expertise	I-KEY
+might	O
+be	O
+required	O
+can	O
+hardly	O
+occur	O
+to	O
+anyone	O
+,	O
+but	O
+that	O
+'s	O
+exactly	O
+what	O
+is	O
+needed	O
+to	O
+ensure	O
+crystal-clear	O
+visibility	O
+,	O
+not	O
+to	O
+mention	O
+a	O
+perfect	O
+fit	O
+every	O
+time	O
+one	O
+is	O
+pressed	O
+into	O
+place	O
+on	O
+a	O
+car	O
+production	B-KEY
+line	O
+.	O
+Comprising	O
+two	O
+thin	O
+glass	O
+sheets	O
+joined	O
+by	O
+a	O
+vinyl	O
+interlayer	O
+,	O
+windshields	O
+are	O
+assembled-usually	O
+manually-to	O
+very	O
+precise	O
+product	B-KEY
+and	O
+environmental	O
+specifications	O
+.	O
+To	O
+make	O
+sure	O
+this	O
+is	O
+done	O
+as	O
+perfectly	O
+as	O
+possible	O
+,	O
+the	O
+industry	O
+invests	O
+heavily	O
+in	O
+the	O
+equipment	O
+used	O
+for	O
+their	O
+fabrication	O
+.	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+has	O
+now	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+robot-based	O
+Compact	B-KEY
+Assembling	I-KEY
+System	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+automatic	O
+assembly	O
+of	O
+laminated	O
+windshields	O
+that	O
+speeds	O
+up	O
+production	B-KEY
+and	O
+increases	O
+cost	B-KEY
+efficiency	I-KEY
+
+Re-examining	O
+the	O
+machining	B-KEY
+frictional	I-KEY
+boundary	I-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+using	O
+fractals	B-KEY
+Presents	O
+experimental	O
+evidence	O
+for	O
+the	O
+existence	O
+of	O
+non-Euclidean	O
+contact	B-KEY
+geometry	I-KEY
+at	O
+the	O
+tool-chip	B-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+machining	O
+of	O
+aluminium	B-KEY
+alloy	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+challenges	O
+conventional	O
+assumptions	O
+.	O
+The	O
+geometry	O
+of	O
+contact	O
+at	O
+the	O
+tool	B-KEY
+rake	I-KEY
+face	I-KEY
+is	O
+modelled	O
+using	O
+fractals	B-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+dimension	O
+is	O
+computed	O
+for	O
+its	O
+description	O
+.	O
+The	O
+variation	O
+in	O
+the	O
+fractal	B-KEY
+dimension	O
+with	O
+the	O
+cutting	B-KEY
+speed	I-KEY
+is	O
+explored	O
+
+MACLP	O
+:	O
+multi	B-KEY
+agent	I-KEY
+constraint	I-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+Multi	B-KEY
+agent	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MAS	O
+-RRB-	O
+have	O
+become	O
+the	O
+key	O
+technology	O
+for	O
+decomposing	O
+complex	O
+problems	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+solve	O
+them	O
+more	O
+efficiently	O
+,	O
+or	O
+for	O
+problems	O
+distributed	O
+in	O
+nature	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+many	O
+industrial	O
+applications	O
+,	O
+besides	O
+their	O
+distributed	O
+nature	O
+,	O
+also	O
+involve	O
+a	O
+large	O
+number	O
+of	O
+parameters	B-KEY
+and	O
+constraints	O
+,	O
+i.e.	O
+they	O
+are	O
+combinatorial	O
+.	O
+Solving	O
+such	O
+particularly	O
+hard	B-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+efficiently	O
+requires	O
+programming	O
+tools	O
+that	O
+combine	O
+MAS	O
+technology	O
+with	O
+a	O
+programming	O
+schema	O
+that	O
+facilitates	O
+the	O
+modeling	O
+and	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+constraints	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+MACLP	O
+-LRB-	O
+multi	B-KEY
+agent	I-KEY
+constraint	I-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+logic	O
+programming	O
+platform	O
+for	O
+building	O
+,	O
+in	O
+a	O
+declarative	O
+way	O
+,	O
+multi	B-KEY
+agent	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+constraint-solving	O
+capabilities	O
+.	O
+MACLP	O
+extends	O
+CSPCONS	O
+,	O
+a	O
+logic	O
+programming	O
+system	O
+that	O
+permits	O
+distributed	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+execution	I-KEY
+through	O
+communicating	B-KEY
+sequential	I-KEY
+Prolog	I-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+with	O
+constraints	O
+,	O
+by	O
+providing	O
+all	O
+the	O
+necessary	O
+facilities	O
+for	O
+communication	O
+between	O
+agents	O
+.	O
+These	O
+facilities	O
+abstract	O
+from	O
+the	O
+programmer	O
+all	O
+the	O
+low-level	O
+details	O
+of	O
+the	O
+communication	O
+and	O
+allow	O
+him	O
+to	O
+focus	O
+on	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+the	O
+agent	O
+itself	O
+
+Modeling	O
+the	O
+labor	O
+market	O
+as	O
+an	O
+evolving	O
+institution	O
+:	O
+model	O
+ARTEMIS	O
+A	O
+stylized	O
+French	B-KEY
+labor	I-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+is	O
+modeled	O
+as	O
+an	O
+endogenously	B-KEY
+evolving	I-KEY
+institution	I-KEY
+.	O
+Boundedly	O
+rational	O
+firms	O
+and	O
+individuals	O
+strive	O
+to	O
+decrease	O
+the	O
+cost	O
+or	O
+increase	O
+utility	O
+.	O
+The	O
+labor	O
+market	O
+is	O
+coordinated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+search	O
+process	O
+and	O
+decentralized	O
+setting	O
+of	O
+hiring	O
+standards	O
+,	O
+but	O
+intermediaries	O
+can	O
+speed	O
+up	O
+matching	O
+.	O
+The	O
+model	O
+reproduces	O
+the	O
+dynamics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+gross	O
+flows	O
+and	O
+spectacular	B-KEY
+changes	I-KEY
+in	O
+mobility	B-KEY
+patterns	I-KEY
+of	O
+some	O
+demographic	B-KEY
+groups	I-KEY
+when	O
+the	O
+oil	O
+crisis	O
+in	O
+the	O
+1970	O
+'s	O
+occurred	O
+,	O
+notably	O
+the	O
+sudden	O
+decline	O
+of	O
+the	O
+integration	O
+in	O
+good	O
+jobs	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+internal	O
+labor	O
+markets	O
+of	O
+large	O
+firms	O
+are	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+increase	O
+unemployment	O
+if	O
+the	O
+secondary	O
+-LRB-	O
+temporary	O
+or	O
+bad	O
+-RRB-	O
+jobs	B-KEY
+do	O
+not	O
+exist	O
+
+A	O
+comparison	O
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+constancy	I-KEY
+Algorithms	I-KEY
+.	O
+II	O
+.	O
+Experiments	O
+with	O
+image	B-KEY
+data	O
+For	O
+pt.I	O
+see	O
+ibid.	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.	O
+11	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+9	O
+,	O
+p.972-84	O
+-LRB-	O
+2002	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+We	O
+test	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+the	O
+leading	O
+computational	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+constancy	I-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+comprehensive	O
+set	O
+of	O
+images	B-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+were	O
+of	O
+33	O
+different	O
+scenes	O
+under	O
+11	O
+different	O
+sources	O
+representative	O
+of	O
+common	O
+illumination	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithms	O
+studied	O
+include	O
+two	O
+gray	B-KEY
+world	I-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+version	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Retinex	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+several	O
+variants	O
+of	O
+Forsyth	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1990	O
+-RRB-	O
+gamut-mapping	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+Cardei	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+neural	B-KEY
+net	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+Finlayson	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+'s	O
+color	B-KEY
+by	I-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Finlayson	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+1997	O
+,	O
+2001	O
+;	O
+Hubel	O
+and	O
+Finlayson	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+We	O
+discuss	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+issues	O
+in	O
+applying	O
+color	O
+constancy	O
+ideas	O
+to	O
+image	B-KEY
+data	O
+,	O
+and	O
+study	O
+in	O
+depth	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+different	O
+preprocessing	O
+strategies	O
+.	O
+We	O
+compare	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithms	O
+on	O
+image	B-KEY
+data	O
+with	O
+their	O
+performance	O
+on	O
+synthesized	O
+data	O
+.	O
+All	O
+data	O
+used	O
+for	O
+this	O
+study	O
+are	O
+available	O
+online	O
+at	O
+http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/data	O
+,	O
+and	O
+implementations	O
+for	O
+most	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithms	O
+are	O
+also	O
+available	O
+-LRB-	O
+http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/code	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Experiments	O
+with	O
+synthesized	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+part	O
+one	O
+of	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+-RRB-	O
+suggested	O
+that	O
+the	O
+methods	O
+which	O
+emphasize	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+input	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+statistics	I-KEY
+,	O
+specifically	O
+color	O
+by	O
+correlation	O
+and	O
+the	O
+neural	O
+net	O
+algorithm	O
+,	O
+are	O
+potentially	O
+the	O
+most	O
+effective	O
+at	O
+estimating	O
+the	O
+chromaticity	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+scene	B-KEY
+illuminant	I-KEY
+.	O
+Unfortunately	O
+,	O
+we	O
+were	O
+unable	O
+to	O
+realize	O
+comparable	O
+performance	O
+on	O
+real	O
+images	B-KEY
+.	O
+Here	O
+exploiting	O
+pixel	B-KEY
+intensity	I-KEY
+proved	O
+to	O
+be	O
+more	O
+beneficial	O
+than	O
+exploiting	O
+the	O
+details	O
+of	O
+image	B-KEY
+chromaticity	B-KEY
+statistics	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+three-dimensional	O
+-LRB-	O
+3-D	O
+-RRB-	O
+gamut-mapping	O
+algorithms	O
+gave	O
+the	O
+best	O
+performance	O
+
+Teaching	O
+psychology	O
+as	O
+a	O
+laboratory	B-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+age	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+For	O
+over	O
+30	O
+years	O
+,	O
+psychologists	O
+have	O
+relied	O
+on	O
+computers	B-KEY
+to	O
+teach	O
+experimental	O
+psychology	O
+.	O
+With	O
+the	O
+advent	O
+of	O
+experiment	O
+generators	O
+,	O
+students	O
+can	O
+create	O
+well-designed	B-KEY
+experiments	I-KEY
+and	O
+can	O
+test	O
+sophisticated	O
+hypotheses	O
+from	O
+the	O
+start	O
+of	O
+their	O
+undergraduate	B-KEY
+training	I-KEY
+.	O
+Characteristics	O
+of	O
+new	O
+Net-based	B-KEY
+experiment	I-KEY
+generators	I-KEY
+are	O
+discussed	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+traditional	O
+stand-alone	B-KEY
+generators	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+call	O
+is	O
+made	O
+to	O
+formally	O
+evaluate	O
+the	O
+instructional	B-KEY
+effectiveness	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+wide	O
+range	O
+of	O
+experiment	O
+generators	O
+now	O
+available	O
+.	O
+Specifically	O
+,	O
+software	B-KEY
+should	O
+be	O
+evaluated	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+known	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+outcomes	I-KEY
+,	O
+using	O
+appropriate	O
+control	B-KEY
+groups	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+many	O
+inherent	O
+differences	O
+between	O
+any	O
+two	O
+software	B-KEY
+programs	O
+should	O
+be	O
+made	O
+clear	O
+.	O
+The	O
+teacher	O
+'s	O
+instructional	O
+method	O
+should	O
+be	O
+fully	O
+described	O
+and	O
+held	O
+constant	O
+between	O
+comparisons	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+the	O
+often	O
+complex	O
+interaction	O
+between	O
+the	O
+teacher	O
+'s	O
+instructional	O
+method	O
+and	O
+the	O
+pedagogical	B-KEY
+details	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+software	B-KEY
+must	O
+be	O
+considered	O
+
+Customer	B-KEY
+in-reach	I-KEY
+and	O
+library	B-KEY
+strategic	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+:	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+ILLiad	B-KEY
+Libraries	O
+have	O
+walls	O
+.	O
+Recognizing	O
+this	O
+fact	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Interlibrary	B-KEY
+Loan	I-KEY
+Department	I-KEY
+at	O
+Virginia	B-KEY
+Tech	I-KEY
+is	O
+creating	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+services	O
+that	O
+enable	O
+our	O
+customers	O
+to	O
+reach	O
+past	O
+our	O
+walls	O
+at	O
+anytime	O
+from	O
+anywhere	O
+.	O
+Customer	B-KEY
+in-reach	I-KEY
+enables	O
+Virginia	B-KEY
+Tech	I-KEY
+faculty	O
+,	O
+students	O
+,	O
+and	O
+staff	O
+anywhere	O
+in	O
+the	O
+world	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+information	O
+and	O
+services	O
+heretofore	O
+available	O
+only	O
+to	O
+our	O
+on-campus	O
+customers	O
+.	O
+ILLiad	B-KEY
+,	O
+Virginia	B-KEY
+Tech	I-KEY
+'s	O
+interlibrary	B-KEY
+borrowing	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+,	O
+is	O
+the	O
+library	B-KEY
+strategic	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+that	O
+attains	O
+this	O
+goal	O
+.	O
+The	O
+principles	O
+that	O
+guided	O
+development	O
+of	O
+ILLiad	B-KEY
+are	O
+widely	O
+applicable	O
+
+Modeling	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+control	O
+in	O
+context-aware	O
+systems	O
+Significant	O
+complexity	O
+issues	O
+challenge	O
+designers	O
+of	O
+context-aware	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+control	O
+.	O
+Information	O
+spaces	O
+provide	O
+a	O
+way	O
+to	O
+organize	O
+information	O
+,	O
+resources	O
+,	O
+and	O
+services	O
+around	O
+important	O
+privacy-relevant	O
+contextual	O
+factors	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+article	O
+,	O
+we	O
+describe	O
+a	O
+theoretical	O
+model	O
+for	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+control	O
+in	O
+context-aware	O
+systems	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+core	O
+abstraction	O
+of	O
+information	O
+spaces	O
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+previously	O
+focused	O
+on	O
+deriving	O
+socially	O
+based	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+objectives	O
+in	O
+pervasive	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+environments	O
+.	O
+Building	O
+on	O
+Ravi	O
+Sandhu	O
+'s	O
+four-layer	O
+OM-AM	O
+-LRB-	O
+objectives	O
+,	O
+models	O
+,	O
+architectures	O
+,	O
+and	O
+mechanisms	O
+-RRB-	O
+idea	O
+,	O
+we	O
+aim	O
+to	O
+use	O
+information	O
+spaces	O
+to	O
+construct	O
+a	O
+model	O
+for	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+control	O
+that	O
+supports	O
+our	O
+socially	O
+based	O
+privacy	O
+objectives	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+discuss	O
+how	O
+we	O
+can	O
+introduce	O
+decentralization	O
+,	O
+a	O
+desirable	O
+property	O
+for	O
+many	O
+pervasive	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+systems	O
+,	O
+into	O
+our	O
+information	O
+space	O
+model	O
+,	O
+using	O
+unified	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+tagging	O
+
+Assessment	O
+of	O
+the	O
+macrocyclic	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+complexation	B-KEY
+of	O
+crown-ethers	B-KEY
+with	O
+alkali	B-KEY
+cations	I-KEY
+using	O
+the	O
+substructural	B-KEY
+molecular	I-KEY
+fragments	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+The	O
+Substructural	B-KEY
+Molecular	I-KEY
+Fragments	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Solov	O
+`	O
+ev	O
+,	O
+V.	O
+P.	O
+;	O
+Varnek	O
+,	O
+A.	O
+A.	O
+;	O
+Wipff	O
+,	O
+G.	O
+J.	O
+Chem	O
+.	O
+Inf	O
+.	O
+Comput	O
+.	O
+Sci	O
+.	O
+2000	O
+,	O
+40	O
+,	O
+847-858	O
+-RRB-	O
+was	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+assess	O
+stability	B-KEY
+constants	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+logK	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+the	O
+complexes	B-KEY
+of	O
+crown-ethers	B-KEY
+,	O
+polyethers	O
+,	O
+and	O
+glymes	O
+with	O
+Na/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+,	O
+K/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+,	O
+and	O
+Cs/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+in	O
+methanol	O
+.	O
+One	O
+hundred	O
+forty-seven	O
+computational	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+including	O
+different	B-KEY
+fragment	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+coupled	O
+with	O
+linear	O
+or	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+fitting	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+were	O
+applied	O
+for	O
+the	O
+data	O
+sets	O
+containing	O
+69	O
+-LRB-	O
+Na/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+123	O
+-LRB-	O
+K/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+and	O
+31	O
+-LRB-	O
+Cs/sup	O
++	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+compounds	O
+.	O
+To	O
+account	O
+for	O
+the	O
+``	O
+macrocyclic	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+''	O
+for	O
+crown-ethers	B-KEY
+,	O
+an	O
+additional	O
+``	O
+cyclicity	O
+''	O
+descriptor	O
+was	O
+used	O
+.	O
+``	O
+Predicted	O
+''	O
+stability	B-KEY
+constants	I-KEY
+both	O
+for	O
+macrocyclic	O
+compounds	O
+and	O
+for	O
+their	O
+open-chain	B-KEY
+analogues	I-KEY
+are	O
+in	O
+good	O
+agreement	O
+with	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+data	O
+reported	O
+earlier	O
+and	O
+with	O
+those	O
+studied	O
+experimentally	O
+in	O
+this	O
+work	O
+.	O
+The	O
+macrocyclic	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+function	O
+of	O
+cation	O
+and	O
+ligand	O
+is	O
+quantitatively	O
+estimated	O
+for	O
+all	O
+studied	O
+crown-ethers	B-KEY
+
+Open	B-KEY
+courseware	I-KEY
+and	O
+shared	B-KEY
+knowledge	I-KEY
+in	O
+higher	B-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+Most	O
+college	B-KEY
+and	O
+university	B-KEY
+campuses	O
+in	O
+the	O
+United	O
+States	O
+and	O
+much	O
+of	O
+the	O
+developed	O
+world	O
+today	O
+maintain	O
+one	O
+,	O
+two	O
+,	O
+or	O
+several	O
+learning	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+LMSs	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+courseware	O
+products	O
+that	O
+provide	O
+students	O
+and	O
+faculty	O
+with	O
+Web-based	O
+tools	O
+to	O
+manage	O
+course-related	O
+applications	O
+.	O
+Since	O
+the	O
+mid-1990s	O
+,	O
+two	O
+predominant	O
+models	O
+of	O
+Web	B-KEY
+courseware	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+have	O
+emerged	O
+:	O
+commercial	O
+and	O
+noncommercial	O
+.	O
+Some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+commercial	B-KEY
+products	I-KEY
+available	O
+today	O
+were	O
+created	O
+in	O
+academia	O
+as	O
+noncommercial	O
+but	O
+have	O
+since	O
+become	O
+commercially	O
+encumbered	O
+.	O
+Other	O
+products	O
+remain	O
+noncommercial	O
+but	O
+are	O
+struggling	O
+to	O
+survive	O
+in	O
+a	O
+world	O
+of	O
+fierce	O
+commercial	O
+competition	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+argues	O
+for	O
+an	O
+ethics	B-KEY
+of	O
+pedagogy	O
+in	O
+higher	B-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+that	O
+would	O
+be	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+guiding	O
+assumptions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+non-proprietary	O
+,	O
+peer-to-peer	O
+,	O
+open-source	B-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+movement	O
+
+Prospecting	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+Virtual	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+are	O
+a	O
+distinct	O
+sub-species	O
+of	O
+digital	B-KEY
+collections	O
+and	O
+digital	O
+archives	O
+.	O
+Archivists	B-KEY
+and	O
+curators	B-KEY
+as	O
+archivists	B-KEY
+and	O
+curators	B-KEY
+do	O
+not	O
+construct	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+;	O
+rather	O
+they	O
+enable	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+through	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+descriptive	O
+and	O
+other	O
+standards	O
+.	O
+Virtual	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+are	O
+constructed	O
+by	O
+end	B-KEY
+users	I-KEY
+
+Block	O
+truncation	O
+image	B-KEY
+bit	I-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+coding	I-KEY
+Block	B-KEY
+truncation	I-KEY
+coding	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+BTC	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+a	O
+successful	O
+image	B-KEY
+compression	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+due	O
+to	O
+its	O
+simple	O
+and	O
+fast	O
+computational	O
+burden	O
+.	O
+The	O
+bit	B-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+is	O
+fixed	O
+to	O
+2.0	O
+bits/pixel	O
+,	O
+whose	O
+performance	B-KEY
+is	O
+moderate	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+compression	B-KEY
+ratio	I-KEY
+compared	O
+to	O
+other	O
+compression	O
+schemes	O
+such	O
+as	O
+discrete	O
+cosine	O
+transform	O
+-LRB-	O
+DCT	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+vector	O
+quantization	O
+-LRB-	O
+VQ	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+wavelet	O
+transform	O
+coding	O
+-LRB-	O
+WTC	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+etc.	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+kinds	O
+of	O
+overheads	O
+are	O
+required	O
+for	O
+BTC	O
+coding	O
+:	O
+bit	O
+plane	O
+and	O
+quantization	B-KEY
+values	I-KEY
+,	O
+respectively	O
+.	O
+A	O
+new	O
+technique	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+to	O
+reduce	O
+the	O
+bit	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+overhead	I-KEY
+.	O
+Conventional	O
+bit	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+overhead	I-KEY
+is	O
+1.0	O
+bits/pixel	O
+;	O
+we	O
+decrease	O
+it	O
+to	O
+0.734	O
+bits/pixel	O
+while	O
+maintaining	O
+the	O
+same	O
+decoded	B-KEY
+quality	I-KEY
+as	O
+absolute	B-KEY
+moment	I-KEY
+BTC	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+AMBTC	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+does	O
+for	O
+the	O
+``	O
+Lena	O
+''	O
+image	O
+.	O
+Compared	O
+to	O
+other	O
+published	O
+bit	O
+plane	O
+coding	O
+strategies	O
+,	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+outperforms	O
+all	O
+of	O
+the	O
+existing	O
+methods	O
+
+Knowledge-based	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+and	O
+organisational	B-KEY
+commitment	I-KEY
+Organisational	B-KEY
+commitment	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+emotional	B-KEY
+attachment	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+employee	O
+to	O
+the	O
+employing	O
+organisation	O
+,	O
+has	O
+attracted	O
+a	O
+substantial	O
+body	O
+of	O
+literature	O
+,	O
+relating	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+to	O
+various	O
+antecedents	O
+,	O
+including	O
+organisational	O
+structure	O
+,	O
+and	O
+to	O
+a	O
+range	O
+of	O
+consequences	O
+,	O
+including	O
+financially	O
+important	O
+performance	B-KEY
+factors	I-KEY
+such	O
+as	O
+productivity	B-KEY
+and	O
+staff	B-KEY
+turnover	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+new	O
+areas	O
+of	O
+knowledge	O
+management	O
+and	O
+learning	O
+organisations	O
+offer	O
+substantial	O
+promise	O
+as	O
+imperatives	O
+for	O
+the	O
+organisation	O
+of	O
+business	O
+enterprises	O
+.	O
+As	O
+organisations	O
+in	O
+the	O
+contemporary	O
+environment	O
+adopt	O
+knowledge-based	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+to	O
+improve	O
+their	O
+competitive	O
+position	O
+,	O
+there	O
+is	O
+value	O
+in	O
+examining	O
+these	O
+structures	O
+against	O
+other	O
+performance	O
+related	O
+factors	O
+.	O
+Theoretical	O
+knowledge-based	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+put	O
+forward	O
+by	O
+R.	O
+Miles	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+-LRB-	O
+1997	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+J.	O
+Quinn	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+-LRB-	O
+1996	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+an	O
+existing	O
+implementation	O
+are	O
+examined	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+common	O
+features	O
+inherent	O
+in	O
+these	O
+approaches	O
+.	O
+These	O
+features	O
+are	O
+posited	O
+as	O
+a	O
+typical	O
+form	O
+and	O
+their	O
+impact	O
+on	O
+organisational	B-KEY
+commitment	I-KEY
+and	O
+hence	O
+on	O
+individual	O
+and	O
+organisational	O
+performance	O
+is	O
+examined	O
+
+Prospects	O
+for	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+computed	I-KEY
+tomography	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+presence	O
+of	O
+foreign	B-KEY
+metal	I-KEY
+bodies	I-KEY
+using	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+reconstruction	I-KEY
+X-ray	O
+computed	O
+tomography	O
+-LRB-	O
+CT	O
+-RRB-	O
+images	O
+of	O
+patients	O
+bearing	O
+metal	O
+intracavitary	O
+applicators	O
+or	O
+other	O
+metal	O
+foreign	O
+objects	O
+exhibit	O
+severe	O
+artifacts	O
+including	O
+streaks	O
+and	O
+aliasing	O
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+systematically	O
+evaluated	O
+via	O
+computer	O
+simulations	O
+the	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+scattered	B-KEY
+radiation	O
+,	O
+the	O
+polyenergetic	O
+spectrum	O
+,	O
+and	O
+measurement	O
+noise	B-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+three	O
+reconstruction	O
+algorithms	O
+:	O
+conventional	O
+filtered	B-KEY
+backprojection	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+FBP	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+deterministic	B-KEY
+iterative	I-KEY
+deblurring	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+new	O
+iterative	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+,	O
+alternating	B-KEY
+minimization	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+AM	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+CT	B-KEY
+detector	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+that	O
+includes	O
+noise	B-KEY
+,	O
+scatter	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+polyenergetic	B-KEY
+spectra	I-KEY
+.	O
+Contrary	O
+to	O
+the	O
+dominant	O
+view	O
+of	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+,	O
+FBP	O
+streaking	O
+artifacts	O
+are	O
+due	O
+mostly	O
+to	O
+mismatches	O
+between	O
+FBP	O
+'s	O
+simplified	O
+model	O
+of	O
+CT	O
+detector	O
+response	O
+and	O
+the	O
+physical	O
+process	O
+of	O
+signal	O
+acquisition	O
+.	O
+Artifacts	O
+on	O
+AM	O
+images	O
+are	O
+significantly	O
+mitigated	O
+as	O
+this	O
+algorithm	O
+substantially	O
+reduces	O
+detector-model	O
+mismatches	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+metal	O
+artifacts	O
+are	O
+reduced	O
+to	O
+acceptable	O
+levels	O
+only	O
+when	O
+prior	O
+knowledge	O
+of	O
+the	O
+metal	O
+object	O
+in	O
+the	O
+patient	O
+,	O
+including	O
+its	O
+pose	O
+,	O
+shape	O
+,	O
+and	O
+attenuation	O
+map	O
+,	O
+are	O
+used	O
+to	O
+constrain	O
+AM	O
+'s	O
+iterations	O
+.	O
+AM	O
+image	O
+reconstruction	O
+,	O
+in	O
+combination	O
+with	O
+object-constrained	B-KEY
+CT	I-KEY
+to	O
+estimate	O
+the	O
+pose	O
+of	O
+metal	O
+objects	O
+in	O
+the	O
+patient	O
+,	O
+is	O
+a	O
+promising	O
+approach	O
+for	O
+effectively	O
+mitigating	O
+metal	O
+artifacts	O
+and	O
+making	O
+quantitative	O
+estimation	O
+of	O
+tissue	O
+attenuation	O
+coefficients	O
+a	O
+clinical	B-KEY
+possibility	I-KEY
+
+International	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+consortia	I-KEY
+:	O
+positive	O
+starts	O
+,	O
+promising	O
+futures	O
+Library	O
+consortia	O
+have	O
+grown	O
+substantially	O
+over	O
+the	O
+past	O
+ten	O
+years	O
+,	O
+both	O
+within	O
+North	O
+America	O
+and	O
+globally	O
+.	O
+As	O
+this	O
+resurgent	O
+consortial	O
+movement	O
+has	O
+begun	O
+to	O
+mature	O
+,	O
+and	O
+as	O
+publishers	O
+and	O
+vendors	O
+have	O
+begun	O
+to	O
+adapt	O
+to	O
+consortial	B-KEY
+purchasing	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+,	O
+consortia	O
+have	O
+expanded	O
+their	O
+agendas	O
+for	O
+action	O
+.	O
+The	O
+movement	O
+to	O
+globalize	O
+consortia	O
+is	O
+traced	O
+-LRB-	O
+including	O
+the	O
+development	O
+and	O
+current	O
+work	O
+of	O
+the	O
+International	O
+Coalition	O
+of	O
+Library	O
+Consortia-ICOLC	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+A	O
+methodology	O
+is	O
+explored	O
+to	O
+classify	O
+library	O
+consortia	O
+by	O
+articulating	O
+the	O
+key	O
+factors	O
+that	O
+affect	O
+and	O
+distinguish	O
+consortia	O
+as	O
+organizations	O
+within	O
+three	O
+major	O
+areas	O
+:	O
+strategic	O
+,	O
+tactical	O
+,	O
+and	O
+practical	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+managerial	O
+-RRB-	O
+concerns	O
+.	O
+Common	O
+consortial	O
+values	O
+are	O
+examined	O
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+list	O
+of	O
+known	O
+international	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+consortia	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+
+Verifying	O
+resonant	O
+grounding	O
+in	O
+distribution	O
+systems	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+describe	O
+RESFAL	O
+,	O
+a	O
+software	O
+tool	O
+that	O
+can	O
+check	O
+on	O
+the	O
+behavior	O
+of	O
+distribution	O
+network	O
+resonant	B-KEY
+grounding	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+regard	O
+to	O
+compensation	B-KEY
+coil	I-KEY
+tuning	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+fault	B-KEY
+detection	I-KEY
+
+Quantum	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+with	O
+solids	O
+Science	O
+and	O
+technology	O
+could	O
+be	O
+revolutionized	O
+by	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+computers	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+building	O
+them	O
+from	O
+solid-state	B-KEY
+devices	I-KEY
+will	O
+not	O
+be	O
+easy	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+outlines	O
+the	O
+challenges	O
+in	O
+scaling	O
+up	O
+the	O
+technology	O
+from	O
+lab	O
+experiments	O
+to	O
+practical	O
+devices	O
+
+Lung	B-KEY
+metastasis	I-KEY
+detection	I-KEY
+and	O
+visualization	O
+on	O
+CT	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+knowledge-based	O
+method	O
+A	O
+solution	O
+to	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+lung	B-KEY
+metastasis	I-KEY
+detection	I-KEY
+on	O
+computed	B-KEY
+tomography	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CT	O
+-RRB-	O
+scans	O
+of	O
+the	O
+thorax	B-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+A	O
+knowledge-based	B-KEY
+top-down	I-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+for	O
+image	B-KEY
+interpretation	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+is	O
+inspired	O
+by	O
+the	O
+manner	O
+in	O
+which	O
+a	O
+radiologist	O
+and	O
+radiotherapist	O
+interpret	O
+CT	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+before	O
+radiotherapy	O
+is	O
+planned	O
+.	O
+A	O
+two-dimensional	O
+followed	O
+by	O
+a	O
+three-dimensional	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+is	O
+performed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithm	O
+first	O
+detects	O
+the	O
+thorax	B-KEY
+contour	O
+,	O
+the	O
+lungs	O
+and	O
+the	O
+ribs	O
+,	O
+which	O
+further	O
+help	O
+the	O
+detection	O
+of	O
+metastases	O
+.	O
+Thus	O
+,	O
+two	O
+types	O
+of	O
+tumors	O
+are	O
+detected	O
+:	O
+nodules	O
+and	O
+metastases	O
+located	O
+at	O
+the	O
+lung	O
+extremities	O
+.	O
+A	O
+method	O
+to	O
+visualize	O
+the	O
+anatomical	O
+structures	O
+segmented	O
+is	O
+also	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+was	O
+tested	O
+on	O
+20	O
+patients	O
+-LRB-	O
+988	O
+total	O
+images	O
+-RRB-	O
+from	O
+the	O
+Oncology	B-KEY
+Department	O
+of	O
+La	O
+Chaux-de-Fonds	O
+Hospital	O
+and	O
+the	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+method	O
+is	O
+reliable	O
+as	O
+a	O
+computer-aided	B-KEY
+diagnostic	I-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+for	O
+clinical	O
+purpose	O
+in	O
+an	O
+oncology	B-KEY
+department	O
+
+Automation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+recovery	O
+of	O
+efficiency	O
+of	O
+complex	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+Basic	O
+features	O
+are	O
+set	O
+forth	O
+of	O
+the	O
+method	O
+for	O
+automation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+serviceability	B-KEY
+recovery	I-KEY
+of	O
+systems	O
+of	O
+complex	O
+structures	O
+in	O
+real	O
+time	O
+without	O
+the	O
+interruption	O
+of	O
+operation	O
+.	O
+Specific	O
+features	O
+of	O
+the	O
+method	O
+are	O
+revealed	O
+in	O
+an	O
+important	O
+example	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+of	O
+control	O
+of	O
+hardware	B-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+of	O
+ships	B-KEY
+
+Who	O
+wants	O
+to	O
+see	O
+a	O
+$	O
+million	O
+error	O
+?	O
+Inspired	O
+by	O
+the	O
+popular	O
+television	O
+show	O
+``	O
+Who	O
+Wants	O
+to	O
+Be	O
+a	O
+Millionaire	O
+?	O
+''	O
+,	O
+this	O
+case	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+monetary	O
+decisions	O
+contestants	O
+face	O
+on	O
+a	O
+game	O
+consisting	O
+of	O
+15	O
+increasingly	O
+difficult	O
+multiple	O
+choice	O
+questions	O
+.	O
+Since	O
+the	O
+game	O
+continues	O
+as	O
+long	O
+as	O
+a	O
+contestant	O
+answers	O
+correctly	O
+,	O
+this	O
+case	O
+,	O
+at	O
+its	O
+core	O
+,	O
+is	O
+one	O
+of	O
+sequential	O
+decision	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+,	O
+amenable	O
+to	O
+analysis	O
+via	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+case	O
+is	O
+also	O
+suitable	O
+for	O
+a	O
+course	O
+dealing	O
+with	O
+single	O
+decision	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+,	O
+allowing	O
+for	O
+discussion	O
+of	O
+utility	O
+theory	O
+and	O
+Bayesian	O
+probability	O
+revision	O
+.	O
+In	O
+developing	O
+a	O
+story	O
+line	O
+for	O
+the	O
+case	O
+,	O
+the	O
+author	O
+has	O
+sprinkled	O
+in	O
+much	O
+background	O
+material	O
+on	O
+probability	O
+and	O
+statistics	B-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+material	O
+is	O
+placed	O
+in	O
+a	O
+historical	O
+context	O
+,	O
+illuminating	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+influential	O
+scholars	O
+involved	O
+in	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+these	O
+subjects	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+the	O
+birth	O
+of	O
+operations	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+management	O
+sciences	O
+
+ISCSI	B-KEY
+poised	O
+to	O
+lower	O
+SAN	B-KEY
+costs	I-KEY
+IT	O
+managers	O
+building	O
+storage	B-KEY
+area	I-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+or	O
+expanding	O
+their	O
+capacity	O
+may	O
+be	O
+able	O
+to	O
+save	O
+money	O
+by	O
+using	O
+iSCSI	B-KEY
+and	O
+IP	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+rather	O
+than	O
+Fibre	O
+Channel	O
+technologies	O
+
+Waiting	O
+for	O
+the	O
+wave	O
+to	O
+crest	O
+-LSB-	O
+wavelength	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+Wavelength	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+have	O
+been	O
+hyped	O
+ad	O
+nauseam	O
+for	O
+years	O
+.	O
+But	O
+despite	O
+their	O
+quick	O
+turn-up	O
+time	O
+and	O
+impressive	O
+margins	O
+,	O
+such	O
+services	O
+have	O
+yet	O
+to	O
+live	O
+up	O
+to	O
+the	O
+industry	O
+'s	O
+expectations	O
+.	O
+The	O
+reasons	O
+for	O
+this	O
+lukewarm	O
+reception	O
+are	O
+many	O
+,	O
+not	O
+the	O
+least	O
+of	O
+which	O
+is	O
+the	O
+confusion	O
+that	O
+still	O
+surrounds	O
+the	O
+technology	O
+,	O
+but	O
+most	O
+industry	O
+observers	O
+are	O
+still	O
+convinced	O
+that	O
+wavelength	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+with	O
+ultimately	O
+flourish	O
+
+Precoded	B-KEY
+OFDM	I-KEY
+with	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+channel	I-KEY
+allocation	I-KEY
+for	O
+scalable	B-KEY
+video	I-KEY
+transmission	I-KEY
+over	O
+frequency-selective	B-KEY
+fading	I-KEY
+channels	I-KEY
+Orthogonal	B-KEY
+frequency	I-KEY
+division	I-KEY
+multiplexing	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+OFDM	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+been	O
+applied	O
+in	O
+broadband	O
+wireline	O
+and	O
+wireless	O
+systems	O
+for	O
+high	O
+data	O
+rate	O
+transmission	O
+where	O
+severe	O
+intersymbol	O
+interference	O
+-LRB-	O
+ISI	O
+-RRB-	O
+always	O
+occurs	O
+.	O
+The	O
+conventional	O
+OFDM	O
+system	O
+provides	O
+advantages	O
+through	O
+conversion	O
+of	O
+an	O
+ISI	B-KEY
+channel	I-KEY
+into	O
+ISI-free	O
+subchannels	O
+at	O
+multiple	O
+frequency	O
+bands	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+it	O
+may	O
+suffer	O
+from	O
+channel	B-KEY
+spectral	I-KEY
+nulls	I-KEY
+and	O
+heavy	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+overhead	I-KEY
+due	O
+to	O
+cyclic	O
+prefix	O
+insertion	O
+.	O
+Previously	O
+,	O
+a	O
+new	O
+OFDM	O
+framework	O
+,	O
+the	O
+precoded	B-KEY
+OFDM	I-KEY
+,	O
+has	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+to	O
+mitigate	O
+the	O
+above	O
+two	O
+problems	O
+through	O
+precoding	O
+and	O
+conversion	O
+of	O
+an	O
+ISI	B-KEY
+channel	I-KEY
+into	O
+ISI-free	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+channels	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+consider	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+the	O
+precoded	B-KEY
+OFDM	I-KEY
+system	O
+to	O
+efficient	O
+scalable	B-KEY
+video	I-KEY
+transmission	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+to	O
+enhance	O
+the	O
+precoded	B-KEY
+OFDM	I-KEY
+system	O
+with	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+channel	I-KEY
+allocation	I-KEY
+to	O
+provide	O
+stronger	O
+protection	O
+against	O
+errors	O
+to	O
+more	O
+important	O
+layers	O
+in	O
+the	O
+layered	B-KEY
+bit	I-KEY
+stream	I-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+of	O
+scalable	O
+video	O
+.	O
+The	O
+more	O
+critical	B-KEY
+layers	I-KEY
+,	O
+or	O
+equivalently	O
+,	O
+the	O
+lower	B-KEY
+layers	I-KEY
+,	O
+are	O
+allocated	O
+vector	O
+channels	O
+of	O
+higher	O
+transmission	O
+quality	O
+.	O
+The	O
+channel	B-KEY
+quality	I-KEY
+is	O
+characterized	O
+by	O
+Frobenius	B-KEY
+norm	I-KEY
+metrics	I-KEY
+;	O
+based	O
+on	O
+channel	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+at	O
+the	O
+receiver	O
+.	O
+The	O
+channel	B-KEY
+allocation	I-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+is	O
+fed	O
+back	O
+periodically	O
+to	O
+the	O
+transmitter	O
+through	O
+a	O
+control	B-KEY
+channel	I-KEY
+.	O
+Simulation	O
+results	O
+have	O
+demonstrated	O
+the	O
+robustness	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+scheme	O
+to	O
+noise	O
+and	O
+fading	O
+inherent	O
+in	O
+wireless	O
+channels	O
+
+Trust	O
+in	O
+online	O
+advice	O
+Many	O
+people	O
+are	O
+now	O
+influenced	O
+by	O
+the	O
+information	O
+and	O
+advice	O
+they	O
+find	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+,	O
+much	O
+of	O
+it	O
+of	O
+dubious	O
+quality	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+describes	O
+two	O
+studies	O
+concerned	O
+with	O
+those	O
+factors	O
+capable	O
+of	O
+influencing	O
+people	O
+'s	O
+response	O
+to	O
+online	O
+advice	O
+.	O
+The	O
+first	O
+study	O
+is	O
+a	O
+qualitative	O
+account	O
+of	O
+a	O
+group	O
+of	O
+house-hunters	O
+attempting	O
+to	O
+find	O
+worthwhile	O
+information	O
+online	O
+.	O
+The	O
+second	O
+study	O
+describes	O
+a	O
+survey	B-KEY
+of	O
+more	O
+than	O
+2,500	O
+people	O
+who	O
+had	O
+actively	O
+sought	O
+advice	O
+over	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+understanding	O
+trust	O
+in	O
+online	O
+advice	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+in	O
+which	O
+first	O
+impressions	O
+are	O
+distinguished	O
+from	O
+more	O
+detailed	O
+evaluations	O
+.	O
+Good	O
+Web	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+can	O
+influence	O
+the	O
+first	O
+process	O
+,	O
+but	O
+three	O
+key	O
+factors-source	O
+credibility	O
+,	O
+personalization	O
+,	O
+and	O
+predictability-are	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+predict	O
+whether	O
+people	O
+actually	O
+follow	O
+the	O
+advice	O
+given	O
+
+A	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+PERT/CPM	I-KEY
+implementation	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+spreadsheet	B-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+traditional	O
+PERT/CPM	O
+algorithm	O
+for	O
+finding	O
+the	O
+critical	B-KEY
+path	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+project	O
+network	O
+in	O
+a	O
+spreadsheet	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+problem	O
+is	O
+of	O
+importance	O
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+recent	O
+shift	O
+of	O
+attention	O
+to	O
+using	O
+the	O
+spreadsheet	B-KEY
+environment	O
+as	O
+a	O
+vehicle	O
+for	O
+delivering	O
+management	O
+science/operations	O
+research	O
+-LRB-	O
+MS/OR	O
+-RRB-	O
+techniques	O
+to	O
+end-users	O
+
+Estimating	O
+long-range	B-KEY
+dependence	I-KEY
+:	O
+finite	B-KEY
+sample	I-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+and	O
+confidence	B-KEY
+intervals	I-KEY
+A	O
+major	O
+issue	O
+in	O
+financial	B-KEY
+economics	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+behavior	O
+of	O
+asset	B-KEY
+returns	I-KEY
+over	O
+long	B-KEY
+horizons	I-KEY
+.	O
+Various	O
+estimators	O
+of	O
+long-range	B-KEY
+dependence	I-KEY
+have	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+Even	O
+though	O
+some	O
+have	O
+known	O
+asymptotic	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+important	O
+to	O
+test	O
+their	O
+accuracy	O
+by	O
+using	O
+simulated	O
+series	O
+of	O
+different	O
+lengths	O
+.	O
+We	O
+test	O
+R/S	O
+analysis	B-KEY
+,	I-KEY
+detrended	I-KEY
+fluctuation	O
+analysis	B-KEY
+and	I-KEY
+periodogram	I-KEY
+regression	O
+methods	O
+on	O
+samples	O
+drawn	B-KEY
+from	I-KEY
+Gaussian	I-KEY
+white	O
+noise	O
+.	O
+The	O
+DFA	O
+statistics	O
+turns	O
+out	O
+to	O
+be	O
+the	O
+unanimous	O
+winner	O
+.	O
+Unfortunately	O
+,	O
+no	O
+asymptotic	O
+distribution	O
+theory	O
+has	O
+been	O
+derived	O
+for	O
+this	O
+statistics	O
+so	O
+far	O
+.	O
+We	O
+were	O
+able	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+to	O
+construct	O
+empirical	O
+-LRB-	O
+i.e.	O
+approximate	O
+-RRB-	O
+confidence	B-KEY
+intervals	I-KEY
+for	O
+all	O
+three	O
+methods	O
+.	O
+The	O
+obtained	O
+values	O
+differ	O
+largely	O
+from	O
+heuristic	B-KEY
+values	I-KEY
+proposed	O
+by	O
+some	O
+authors	O
+for	O
+the	O
+R/S	O
+statistics	O
+and	O
+are	O
+very	O
+close	O
+to	O
+asymptotic	O
+values	O
+for	B-KEY
+the	I-KEY
+periodogram	I-KEY
+regression	O
+method	O
+
+Scale-invariant	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+of	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+contrast-enhanced	I-KEY
+perfusion	I-KEY
+MR	I-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+with	O
+inherent	B-KEY
+scale	I-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+Selection	O
+of	O
+the	O
+best	O
+set	O
+of	O
+scales	O
+is	O
+problematic	O
+when	O
+developing	O
+signal-driven	O
+approaches	O
+for	O
+pixel-based	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Often	O
+,	O
+different	O
+possibly	O
+conflicting	O
+criteria	O
+need	O
+to	O
+be	O
+fulfilled	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+the	O
+best	O
+trade-off	O
+between	O
+uncertainty	O
+-LRB-	O
+variance	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+location	O
+accuracy	O
+.	O
+The	O
+optimal	O
+set	O
+of	O
+scales	O
+depends	O
+on	O
+several	O
+factors	O
+:	O
+the	O
+noise	B-KEY
+level	I-KEY
+present	O
+in	O
+the	O
+image	O
+material	O
+,	O
+the	O
+prior	O
+distribution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+segments	O
+,	O
+the	O
+class-conditional	B-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+associated	O
+with	O
+each	O
+type	O
+of	O
+segment	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+the	O
+actual	O
+size	O
+of	O
+the	O
+-LRB-	O
+connected	O
+-RRB-	O
+segments	O
+.	O
+We	O
+analyse	O
+,	O
+theoretically	O
+and	O
+through	O
+experiments	B-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+possibility	O
+of	O
+using	O
+the	O
+overall	O
+and	O
+class-conditional	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+rates	I-KEY
+as	O
+criteria	O
+for	O
+selecting	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+sampling	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+linear	O
+and	O
+morphological	O
+scale	O
+spaces	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+overall	O
+error	O
+rate	O
+is	O
+optimized	O
+by	O
+taking	O
+the	O
+prior	O
+class	O
+distribution	O
+in	O
+the	O
+image	O
+material	O
+into	O
+account	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+a	O
+uniform	O
+-LRB-	O
+ignorant	O
+-RRB-	O
+prior	O
+distribution	O
+ensures	O
+constant	O
+class-conditional	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+rates	I-KEY
+.	O
+Consequently	O
+,	O
+we	O
+advocate	O
+for	O
+a	O
+uniform	O
+prior	O
+class	O
+distribution	O
+when	O
+an	O
+uncommitted	O
+,	O
+scale-invariant	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+approach	O
+is	O
+desired	O
+.	O
+Experiments	B-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+neural	B-KEY
+net	I-KEY
+classifier	I-KEY
+developed	O
+for	O
+segmentation	O
+of	O
+dynamic	O
+magnetic	O
+resonance	O
+-LRB-	O
+MR	O
+-RRB-	O
+images	O
+,	O
+acquired	O
+with	O
+a	O
+paramagnetic	B-KEY
+tracer	I-KEY
+,	O
+support	O
+the	O
+theoretical	O
+results	O
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+the	O
+experiments	B-KEY
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+addition	O
+of	O
+spatial	O
+features	O
+to	O
+the	O
+classifier	O
+,	O
+extracted	O
+from	O
+the	O
+linear	O
+or	O
+morphological	O
+scale	O
+spaces	O
+,	O
+improves	O
+the	O
+segmentation	O
+result	O
+compared	O
+to	O
+a	O
+signal-driven	O
+approach	O
+based	O
+solely	O
+on	O
+the	O
+dynamic	O
+MR	O
+signal	O
+.	O
+The	O
+segmentation	O
+results	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+the	O
+two	O
+types	O
+of	O
+features	O
+are	O
+compared	O
+using	O
+two	O
+novel	O
+quality	B-KEY
+measures	I-KEY
+that	O
+characterize	O
+spatial	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+labelled	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+
+Nuts	O
+and	O
+bolts	O
+:	O
+implementing	O
+descriptive	B-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+to	O
+enable	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+To	O
+date	O
+,	O
+online	B-KEY
+archival	I-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+have	O
+relied	O
+heavily	O
+on	O
+legacy	O
+finding	O
+aids	O
+for	O
+data	O
+to	O
+encode	O
+and	O
+provide	O
+to	O
+end	O
+users	O
+,	O
+despite	O
+fairly	O
+strong	O
+indications	O
+in	O
+the	O
+archival	O
+literature	O
+that	O
+such	O
+legacy	O
+data	O
+is	O
+problematic	O
+even	O
+as	O
+a	O
+mediated	O
+access	O
+tool	O
+.	O
+Archivists	B-KEY
+have	O
+only	O
+just	O
+begun	O
+to	O
+study	O
+the	O
+utility	O
+of	O
+archival	B-KEY
+descriptive	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+for	O
+end	B-KEY
+users	I-KEY
+in	O
+unmediated	O
+settings	O
+such	O
+as	O
+via	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+.	O
+The	O
+ability	O
+of	O
+future	O
+archival	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+to	O
+respond	O
+to	O
+the	O
+expectations	O
+and	O
+needs	O
+of	O
+end	B-KEY
+users	I-KEY
+is	O
+inextricably	O
+linked	O
+to	O
+archivists	B-KEY
+getting	O
+their	O
+collective	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+house	I-KEY
+in	O
+order	O
+.	O
+The	O
+General	B-KEY
+International	I-KEY
+Standard	I-KEY
+Archival	I-KEY
+Description	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+ISAD	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+G	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RRB-	O
+offers	O
+the	O
+profession	O
+a	O
+place	O
+from	O
+which	O
+to	O
+start	O
+extricating	O
+ourselves	O
+from	O
+the	O
+idiosyncracies	O
+of	O
+our	O
+legacy	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+and	O
+description	O
+practices	O
+
+Uncertainty	B-KEY
+bounds	I-KEY
+and	O
+their	O
+use	O
+in	O
+the	O
+design	O
+of	O
+interval	B-KEY
+type-2	I-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+We	O
+derive	O
+inner	O
+-	O
+and	O
+outer-bound	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+type-reduced	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+interval	B-KEY
+type-2	I-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+FLS	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+new	O
+mathematical	O
+interpretation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Karnik-Mendel	B-KEY
+iterative	I-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+for	O
+computing	O
+the	O
+type-reduced	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+bound	O
+sets	O
+can	O
+not	O
+only	O
+provide	O
+estimates	O
+about	O
+the	O
+uncertainty	O
+contained	O
+in	O
+the	O
+output	O
+of	O
+an	O
+interval	O
+type-2	O
+FLS	O
+,	O
+but	O
+can	O
+also	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+design	O
+an	O
+interval	O
+type-2	O
+FLS	O
+.	O
+We	O
+demonstrate	O
+,	O
+by	O
+means	O
+of	O
+a	O
+simulation	O
+experiment	O
+,	O
+that	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+system	O
+can	O
+operate	O
+without	O
+type-reduction	O
+and	O
+can	O
+achieve	O
+similar	O
+performance	O
+to	O
+one	O
+that	O
+uses	O
+type-reduction	O
+.	O
+Therefore	O
+,	O
+our	O
+new	O
+design	O
+method	O
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+bound	O
+sets	O
+,	O
+can	O
+relieve	O
+the	O
+computation	O
+burden	O
+of	O
+an	O
+interval	O
+type-2	O
+FLS	O
+during	O
+its	O
+operation	O
+,	O
+which	O
+makes	O
+an	O
+interval	O
+type-2	O
+FLS	O
+useful	O
+for	O
+real-time	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+
+Noninvasive	O
+myocardial	O
+activation	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+inverse	O
+algorithm	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+clinical	O
+ECG	O
+mapping	O
+data	O
+Linear	O
+approaches	O
+like	O
+the	O
+minimum-norm	O
+least-square	O
+algorithm	O
+show	O
+insufficient	O
+performance	O
+when	O
+it	O
+comes	O
+to	O
+estimating	O
+the	O
+activation	O
+time	O
+map	O
+on	O
+the	O
+surface	O
+of	O
+the	O
+heart	O
+from	O
+electrocardiographic	O
+-LRB-	O
+ECG	O
+-RRB-	O
+mapping	O
+data	O
+.	O
+Additional	O
+regularization	O
+has	O
+to	O
+be	O
+considered	O
+leading	O
+to	O
+a	O
+nonlinear	O
+problem	O
+formulation	O
+.	O
+The	O
+Gauss-Newton	B-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+is	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+mathematical	O
+tools	O
+capable	O
+of	O
+solving	O
+this	O
+kind	O
+of	O
+problem	O
+.	O
+To	O
+our	O
+experience	O
+,	O
+this	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+specific	O
+drawbacks	O
+which	O
+are	O
+caused	O
+by	O
+the	O
+applied	O
+regularization	B-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+under	O
+clinical	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+the	O
+amount	O
+of	O
+regularization	O
+can	O
+not	O
+be	O
+determined	O
+clearly	O
+.	O
+For	O
+this	O
+reason	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+developed	O
+an	O
+iterative	O
+algorithm	O
+solving	O
+this	O
+nonlinear	O
+problem	O
+by	O
+a	O
+sequence	O
+of	O
+regularized	O
+linear	O
+problems	O
+.	O
+At	O
+each	O
+step	O
+of	O
+iteration	O
+,	O
+an	O
+individual	O
+L-curve	O
+is	O
+computed	O
+.	O
+Subsequent	O
+iteration	B-KEY
+steps	I-KEY
+are	O
+performed	O
+with	O
+the	O
+individual	B-KEY
+optimal	I-KEY
+regularization	I-KEY
+parameter	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+novel	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+Gauss-Newton	B-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+.	O
+Both	O
+methods	O
+are	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+simulated	O
+ECG	O
+mapping	O
+data	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+to	O
+single	O
+beat	O
+sinus	O
+rhythm	O
+data	O
+from	O
+two	O
+patients	O
+recorded	O
+in	O
+the	O
+catheter	B-KEY
+laboratory	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+approach	O
+shows	O
+excellent	O
+numerical	O
+and	O
+computational	O
+performance	O
+,	O
+even	O
+under	O
+clinical	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+at	O
+which	O
+the	O
+Gauss-Newton	B-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+begins	O
+to	O
+break	O
+down	O
+
+A	O
+study	O
+on	O
+meaning	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+of	O
+dialogue	O
+with	O
+an	O
+example	O
+of	O
+development	O
+of	O
+travel	O
+consultation	O
+system	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+an	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+processing	O
+meaning	O
+instead	O
+of	O
+processing	O
+information	O
+in	O
+computing	O
+.	O
+Human	B-KEY
+intellectual	I-KEY
+activity	I-KEY
+is	O
+supported	O
+by	O
+linguistic	B-KEY
+activities	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+brain	O
+.	O
+Therefore	O
+,	O
+processing	O
+the	O
+meaning	O
+of	O
+language	O
+instead	O
+of	O
+processing	O
+information	O
+should	O
+allow	O
+us	O
+to	O
+realize	O
+human	O
+intelligence	O
+on	O
+a	O
+computer	O
+.	O
+As	O
+an	O
+example	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+processing	O
+meaning	O
+,	O
+we	O
+build	O
+a	O
+travel	B-KEY
+consultation	I-KEY
+dialogue	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+which	O
+can	O
+understand	O
+utterance	O
+by	O
+a	O
+user	O
+and	O
+retrieve	O
+information	O
+through	O
+dialogue	O
+.	O
+Through	O
+a	O
+simulation	O
+example	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+,	O
+we	O
+show	O
+that	O
+both	O
+information	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+and	O
+language	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+are	O
+integrated	O
+
+Evaluation	O
+of	O
+combined	O
+dispatching	O
+and	O
+routeing	O
+strategies	O
+for	O
+a	O
+flexible	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+deals	O
+with	O
+the	O
+evaluation	O
+of	O
+combined	O
+dispatching	O
+and	O
+routeing	O
+strategies	O
+on	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+a	O
+flexible	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+.	O
+Three	O
+routeing	O
+policies	O
+-	O
+no	O
+alternative	B-KEY
+routings	I-KEY
+,	O
+alternative	B-KEY
+routeing	I-KEY
+dynamics	O
+and	O
+alternative	B-KEY
+routeing	I-KEY
+plans	O
+-	O
+are	O
+considered	O
+with	O
+four	O
+dispatching	B-KEY
+rules	I-KEY
+with	O
+finite	B-KEY
+buffer	I-KEY
+capacity	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+changing	O
+part	B-KEY
+mix	I-KEY
+ratios	I-KEY
+is	O
+also	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+performance	O
+measures	O
+considered	O
+are	O
+makespan	O
+,	O
+average	O
+machine	O
+utilization	O
+,	O
+average	B-KEY
+flow	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+and	O
+average	O
+delay	O
+at	O
+local	O
+input	O
+buffers	O
+.	O
+Simulation	O
+results	O
+indicate	O
+that	O
+the	O
+alternative	B-KEY
+routings	I-KEY
+dynamic	O
+policy	O
+gives	O
+the	O
+best	O
+results	O
+in	O
+three	O
+performance	O
+measures	O
+except	O
+for	O
+average	O
+delay	O
+at	O
+local	O
+input	O
+buffers	O
+.	O
+Further	O
+,	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+changing	O
+part	B-KEY
+mix	I-KEY
+ratios	I-KEY
+is	O
+not	O
+significant	O
+
+Multilayered	O
+image	B-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+:	O
+application	O
+to	O
+image	B-KEY
+compression	I-KEY
+The	O
+main	O
+contribution	O
+of	O
+this	O
+work	O
+is	O
+a	O
+new	O
+paradigm	O
+for	O
+image	B-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+and	O
+image	B-KEY
+compression	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+describe	O
+a	O
+new	O
+multilayered	B-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+technique	O
+for	O
+images	O
+.	O
+An	O
+image	O
+is	O
+parsed	O
+into	O
+a	O
+superposition	O
+of	O
+coherent	O
+layers	O
+:	O
+piecewise	B-KEY
+smooth	I-KEY
+regions	I-KEY
+layer	I-KEY
+,	O
+textures	B-KEY
+layer	I-KEY
+,	O
+etc.	O
+.	O
+The	O
+multilayered	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+consists	O
+in	O
+a	O
+cascade	O
+of	O
+compressions	O
+applied	O
+successively	O
+to	O
+the	O
+image	O
+itself	O
+and	O
+to	O
+the	O
+residuals	O
+that	O
+resulted	O
+from	O
+the	O
+previous	O
+compressions	O
+.	O
+During	O
+each	O
+iteration	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+,	O
+we	O
+code	O
+the	O
+residual	B-KEY
+part	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+lossy	O
+way	O
+:	O
+we	O
+only	O
+retain	O
+the	O
+most	O
+significant	O
+structures	O
+of	O
+the	O
+residual	B-KEY
+part	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+results	O
+in	O
+a	O
+sparse	B-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Each	O
+layer	O
+is	O
+encoded	O
+independently	O
+with	O
+a	O
+different	O
+transform	O
+,	O
+or	O
+basis	O
+,	O
+at	O
+a	O
+different	O
+bitrate	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+combination	O
+of	O
+the	O
+compressed	O
+layers	O
+can	O
+always	O
+be	O
+reconstructed	O
+in	O
+a	O
+meaningful	O
+way	O
+.	O
+The	O
+strength	O
+of	O
+the	O
+multilayer	O
+approach	O
+comes	O
+from	O
+the	O
+fact	O
+that	O
+different	O
+sets	O
+of	O
+basis	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+complement	O
+each	O
+others	O
+:	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+basis	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+will	O
+give	O
+reasonable	O
+account	O
+of	O
+the	O
+large	O
+trend	O
+of	O
+the	O
+data	O
+,	O
+while	O
+others	O
+will	O
+catch	O
+the	O
+local	O
+transients	O
+,	O
+or	O
+the	O
+oscillatory	O
+patterns	O
+.	O
+This	O
+multilayered	B-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+has	O
+a	O
+lot	O
+of	O
+beautiful	O
+applications	O
+in	O
+image	O
+understanding	O
+,	O
+and	O
+image	O
+and	O
+video	O
+coding	O
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+implemented	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+and	O
+we	O
+have	O
+studied	O
+its	O
+capabilities	O
+
+Exact	O
+controllability	B-KEY
+of	O
+shells	B-KEY
+in	O
+minimal	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+We	O
+prove	O
+an	O
+exact	O
+controllability	B-KEY
+result	O
+for	O
+thin	B-KEY
+cups	I-KEY
+using	O
+the	O
+Fourier	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+and	O
+recent	O
+improvements	O
+of	O
+Ingham	O
+-LRB-	O
+1936	O
+-RRB-	O
+type	O
+theorems	O
+
+Prediction	O
+of	O
+ultraviolet	O
+spectral	O
+absorbance	O
+using	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+structure-property	I-KEY
+relationships	I-KEY
+High	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+liquid	I-KEY
+chromatography	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+HPLC	O
+-RRB-	O
+with	O
+ultraviolet	O
+-LRB-	O
+UV	O
+-RRB-	O
+spectrophotometric	O
+detection	O
+is	O
+a	O
+common	O
+method	O
+for	O
+analyzing	O
+reaction	B-KEY
+products	I-KEY
+in	O
+organic	B-KEY
+chemistry	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+procedure	O
+would	O
+benefit	O
+from	O
+a	O
+computational	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+predicting	O
+the	O
+relative	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+of	O
+organic	O
+molecules	O
+.	O
+Models	O
+are	O
+now	O
+reported	O
+for	O
+the	O
+prediction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+integrated	O
+UV	O
+absorbance	O
+for	O
+a	O
+diverse	O
+set	O
+of	O
+organic	O
+compounds	O
+using	O
+a	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+structure-property	I-KEY
+relationship	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+QSPR	O
+-RRB-	O
+approach	O
+.	O
+A	O
+seven-descriptor	B-KEY
+linear	I-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+squared	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+coefficient	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+R/sup	O
+2	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+0.815	O
+is	O
+reported	O
+for	O
+a	O
+data	O
+set	O
+of	O
+521	O
+.	O
+compounds	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+the	O
+sum	O
+of	O
+ZINDO	B-KEY
+oscillator	I-KEY
+strengths	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+integration	O
+range	O
+as	O
+an	O
+additional	O
+descriptor	O
+allowed	O
+reduction	O
+in	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+descriptors	O
+producing	O
+a	O
+robust	O
+model	O
+for	O
+460	O
+compounds	O
+with	O
+five	O
+descriptors	O
+and	O
+a	O
+squared	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+coefficient	I-KEY
+0.857	O
+.	O
+The	O
+descriptors	O
+used	O
+in	O
+the	O
+models	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+the	O
+physical	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+UV	O
+absorption	O
+process	O
+
+ConChat	B-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+context-aware	B-KEY
+chat	I-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+ConChat	B-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+context-aware	B-KEY
+chat	I-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+that	O
+enriches	O
+electronic	O
+communication	O
+by	O
+providing	O
+contextual	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+and	O
+resolving	O
+potential	O
+semantic	B-KEY
+conflicts	I-KEY
+between	O
+users.ConChat	O
+uses	O
+contextual	O
+information	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+electronic	O
+communication	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+contextual	B-KEY
+cues	I-KEY
+,	O
+users	O
+can	O
+infer	O
+during	O
+a	O
+conversation	O
+what	O
+the	O
+other	O
+person	O
+is	O
+doing	O
+and	O
+what	O
+is	O
+happening	O
+in	O
+his	O
+or	O
+her	O
+immediate	O
+surroundings	O
+.	O
+For	O
+example	O
+,	O
+if	O
+a	O
+user	O
+learns	O
+that	O
+the	O
+other	O
+person	O
+is	O
+talking	O
+with	O
+somebody	O
+else	O
+or	O
+is	O
+involved	O
+in	O
+some	O
+urgent	O
+activity	O
+,	O
+he	O
+or	O
+she	O
+knows	O
+to	O
+expect	O
+a	O
+slower	O
+response	O
+.	O
+Conversely	O
+,	O
+if	O
+the	O
+user	O
+learns	O
+that	O
+the	O
+other	O
+person	O
+is	O
+sitting	O
+in	O
+a	O
+meeting	O
+directly	O
+related	O
+to	O
+the	O
+conversation	O
+,	O
+he	O
+or	O
+she	O
+then	O
+knows	O
+to	O
+respond	O
+more	O
+quickly	O
+.	O
+Also	O
+,	O
+by	O
+informing	O
+users	O
+about	O
+the	O
+other	O
+person	O
+'s	O
+context	O
+and	O
+tagging	O
+potentially	O
+ambiguous	O
+chat	O
+messages	O
+,	O
+ConChat	B-KEY
+explores	O
+how	O
+context	O
+can	O
+improve	O
+electronic	O
+communication	O
+by	O
+reducing	O
+semantic	B-KEY
+conflicts	I-KEY
+
+Guidelines	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+,	O
+and	O
+personal	B-KEY
+health	I-KEY
+:	O
+insights	O
+from	O
+the	O
+Canadian	O
+HEALNet	O
+experience	O
+The	O
+objectives	O
+are	O
+to	O
+summarize	O
+the	O
+insights	O
+gained	O
+in	O
+collaborative	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+Canadian	B-KEY
+Network	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Centres	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Excellence	I-KEY
+,	O
+devoted	O
+to	O
+the	O
+promotion	O
+of	O
+evidence-based	B-KEY
+practice	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+to	O
+relate	O
+this	O
+experience	O
+to	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+of	O
+health	B-KEY
+promotion	I-KEY
+and	O
+consumer	B-KEY
+health	I-KEY
+informatics	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+subjective	O
+review	O
+of	O
+insights	O
+is	O
+undertaken	O
+.	O
+Work	O
+directed	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+incorporating	O
+guidelines	O
+,	O
+care	O
+maps	O
+,	O
+etc.	O
+,	O
+for	O
+use	O
+by	O
+professionals	O
+met	O
+with	O
+limited	O
+acceptance	O
+.	O
+Evidence-based	O
+tools	O
+for	O
+health	O
+care	O
+consumers	O
+are	O
+a	O
+desirable	O
+complement	O
+but	O
+require	O
+radically	O
+different	O
+content	O
+and	O
+delivery	O
+modes	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+to	O
+evidence-based	O
+material	O
+offered	O
+by	O
+professionals	O
+,	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+array	O
+of	O
+Internet-based	O
+products	O
+and	O
+services	O
+provided	O
+by	O
+consumers	O
+for	O
+consumers	O
+emerged	O
+and	O
+proved	O
+a	O
+beneficial	O
+complement	O
+.	O
+The	O
+consumer-driven	O
+products	O
+and	O
+services	O
+provided	O
+via	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+are	O
+a	O
+potentially	O
+important	O
+and	O
+beneficial	O
+complement	O
+of	O
+traditional	O
+health	O
+services	O
+.	O
+They	O
+affect	O
+the	O
+health	B-KEY
+consumer-provider	I-KEY
+roles	I-KEY
+and	O
+require	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+healthcare	O
+practices	O
+
+Improving	O
+computer	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+for	O
+authentication	O
+of	O
+users	O
+:	O
+influence	O
+of	O
+proactive	B-KEY
+password	I-KEY
+restrictions	I-KEY
+Entering	O
+a	O
+user	O
+name-password	O
+combination	O
+is	O
+a	O
+widely	O
+used	O
+procedure	O
+for	O
+identification	O
+and	O
+authentication	O
+in	O
+computer	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+a	O
+notoriously	O
+weak	O
+method	O
+,	O
+in	O
+that	O
+the	O
+passwords	O
+adopted	O
+by	O
+many	O
+users	O
+are	O
+easy	O
+to	O
+crack	O
+.	O
+In	O
+an	O
+attempt	O
+to	O
+,	O
+improve	O
+security	O
+,	O
+proactive	B-KEY
+password	I-KEY
+checking	I-KEY
+may	O
+be	O
+used	O
+,	O
+in	O
+which	O
+passwords	O
+must	O
+meet	O
+several	O
+criteria	O
+to	O
+be	O
+more	O
+resistant	O
+to	O
+cracking	O
+.	O
+In	O
+two	O
+experiments	O
+,	O
+we	O
+examined	O
+the	O
+influence	O
+of	O
+proactive	B-KEY
+password	I-KEY
+restrictions	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+time	O
+that	O
+it	O
+took	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+an	O
+acceptable	O
+password	O
+and	O
+to	O
+use	O
+it	O
+subsequently	O
+to	O
+log	O
+in	O
+.	O
+The	O
+required	O
+length	O
+was	O
+a	O
+minimum	O
+of	O
+five	O
+characters	O
+in	O
+experiment	O
+I	O
+and	O
+eight	O
+characters	O
+in	O
+experiment	O
+2	O
+.	O
+In	O
+both	O
+experiments	O
+,	O
+one	O
+condition	O
+had	O
+only	O
+the	O
+length	B-KEY
+restriction	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+other	O
+had	O
+additional	O
+restrictions	O
+.	O
+The	O
+additional	O
+restrictions	O
+greatly	O
+increased	O
+the	O
+time	O
+it	O
+took	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+the	O
+password	O
+but	O
+had	O
+only	O
+a	O
+small	O
+effect	O
+on	O
+the	O
+time	O
+it	O
+took	O
+to	O
+use	O
+it	O
+subsequently	O
+to	O
+log	O
+in	O
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+five-character	B-KEY
+passwords	I-KEY
+,	O
+75	O
+%	O
+were	O
+cracked	O
+when	O
+no	O
+other	O
+restrictions	O
+were	O
+imposed	O
+,	O
+and	O
+this	O
+was	O
+reduced	O
+to	O
+33	O
+%	O
+with	O
+the	O
+additional	O
+restrictions	O
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+eight-character	B-KEY
+passwords	I-KEY
+,	O
+17	O
+%	O
+were	O
+cracked	O
+with	O
+no	O
+other	O
+restrictions	O
+,	O
+and	O
+12.5	O
+%	O
+with	O
+restrictions	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+indicate	O
+that	O
+increasing	O
+the	O
+minimum	O
+character	O
+length	O
+reduces	O
+crackability	O
+and	O
+increases	O
+security	O
+,	O
+regardless	O
+of	O
+whether	O
+additional	O
+restrictions	O
+are	O
+imposed	O
+
+Standard	O
+protocol	O
+for	O
+exchange	O
+of	O
+health-checkup	O
+data	O
+based	O
+on	O
+SGML	B-KEY
+:	O
+the	O
+Health-checkup	B-KEY
+Data	I-KEY
+Markup	I-KEY
+Language	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+HDML	O
+-RRB-	O
+The	O
+objectives	O
+are	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+a	O
+health/medical	O
+data	B-KEY
+interchange	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+efficient	O
+electronic	O
+exchange	O
+of	O
+data	O
+among	O
+health-checkup	O
+facilities	O
+.	O
+A	O
+Health-checkup	B-KEY
+Data	I-KEY
+Markup	I-KEY
+Language	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+HDML	O
+-RRB-	O
+was	O
+developed	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Standard	O
+Generalized	O
+Markup	O
+Language	O
+-LRB-	O
+SGML	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+feasibility	O
+study	O
+carried	O
+out	O
+,	O
+involving	O
+data	O
+exchange	O
+between	O
+two	O
+health	O
+checkup	O
+facilities	O
+.	O
+The	O
+structure	O
+of	O
+HDML	O
+is	O
+described	O
+.	O
+The	O
+transfer	O
+of	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+lab	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+,	O
+summary	B-KEY
+findings	I-KEY
+and	O
+health	B-KEY
+status	I-KEY
+assessment	I-KEY
+was	O
+successful	O
+.	O
+HDML	O
+is	O
+an	O
+improvement	O
+to	O
+laboratory	O
+data	O
+exchange	O
+.	O
+Further	O
+work	O
+has	O
+to	O
+address	O
+the	O
+exchange	O
+of	O
+qualitative	O
+and	O
+textual	O
+data	O
+
+K-12	B-KEY
+instruction	I-KEY
+and	O
+digital	B-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+to	O
+archival	B-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+Providing	O
+K-12	O
+schools	O
+with	O
+digital	B-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+to	O
+archival	B-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+can	O
+strengthen	O
+both	O
+student	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+and	O
+archival	B-KEY
+practice	I-KEY
+,	O
+although	O
+it	O
+can	O
+not	O
+replace	O
+direct	B-KEY
+physical	I-KEY
+access	I-KEY
+to	O
+records	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+compares	O
+a	O
+variety	O
+of	O
+electronic	O
+and	O
+nonelectronic	B-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+to	O
+promote	O
+teaching	O
+with	O
+primary	B-KEY
+source	I-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+also	O
+examines	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+different	O
+historiographical	O
+and	O
+pedagogical	B-KEY
+approaches	I-KEY
+used	O
+in	O
+archival	B-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+sites	O
+geared	O
+for	O
+K-12	B-KEY
+instruction	I-KEY
+,	O
+focusing	O
+on	O
+differences	O
+between	O
+the	O
+educational	B-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+sponsored	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Library	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Congress	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+National	B-KEY
+Archives	I-KEY
+and	I-KEY
+Records	I-KEY
+Administration	I-KEY
+
+Web-based	B-KEY
+experiments	I-KEY
+controlled	O
+by	O
+JavaScript	B-KEY
+:	O
+an	O
+example	O
+from	O
+probability	B-KEY
+learning	O
+JavaScript	B-KEY
+programs	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+control	O
+Web	O
+experiments	O
+.	O
+This	O
+technique	O
+is	O
+illustrated	O
+by	O
+an	O
+experiment	O
+that	O
+tested	O
+the	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+advice	B-KEY
+on	O
+performance	O
+in	O
+the	O
+classic	O
+probability-learning	O
+paradigm	O
+.	O
+Previous	O
+research	O
+reported	O
+that	O
+people	O
+tested	O
+via	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+or	O
+in	O
+the	O
+lab	O
+tended	O
+to	O
+match	O
+the	O
+probabilities	B-KEY
+of	O
+their	O
+responses	O
+to	O
+the	O
+probabilities	B-KEY
+that	O
+those	O
+responses	O
+would	O
+be	O
+reinforced	O
+.	O
+The	O
+optimal	O
+strategy	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+is	O
+to	O
+consistently	O
+choose	O
+the	O
+more	O
+frequent	O
+event	O
+;	O
+probability	B-KEY
+matching	O
+produces	O
+suboptimal	O
+performance	O
+.	O
+We	O
+investigated	O
+manipulations	O
+we	O
+reasoned	O
+should	O
+improve	O
+performance	O
+.	O
+A	O
+horse	O
+race	O
+scenario	O
+in	O
+which	O
+participants	O
+predicted	O
+the	O
+winner	O
+in	O
+each	O
+of	O
+a	O
+series	O
+of	O
+races	O
+between	O
+two	O
+horses	O
+was	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+an	O
+abstract	O
+scenario	O
+used	O
+previously	O
+.	O
+Ten	O
+groups	O
+of	O
+learners	O
+received	O
+different	O
+amounts	O
+of	O
+advice	B-KEY
+,	O
+including	O
+all	O
+combinations	O
+of	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+explicit	B-KEY
+instructions	I-KEY
+concerning	O
+the	O
+optimal	O
+strategy	O
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+explicit	B-KEY
+instructions	I-KEY
+concerning	O
+a	O
+monetary	O
+sum	O
+to	O
+maximize	O
+,	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+3	O
+-RRB-	O
+accurate	O
+information	O
+concerning	O
+the	O
+probabilities	B-KEY
+of	O
+events	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+showed	O
+minimal	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+horse	O
+race	O
+versus	O
+abstract	O
+scenario	O
+.	O
+Both	O
+advice	B-KEY
+concerning	O
+the	O
+optimal	O
+strategy	O
+and	O
+probability	B-KEY
+information	O
+contributed	O
+significantly	O
+to	O
+performance	O
+in	O
+the	O
+task	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+includes	O
+a	O
+brief	O
+tutorial	O
+on	O
+JavaScript	B-KEY
+,	O
+explaining	O
+with	O
+simple	O
+examples	O
+how	O
+to	O
+assemble	O
+a	O
+browser-based	B-KEY
+experiment	I-KEY
+
+Compatibility	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+over	O
+the	O
+set	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+natural	I-KEY
+numbers	I-KEY
+Criteria	O
+of	O
+compatibility	O
+of	O
+a	O
+system	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+Diophantine	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+,	O
+strict	B-KEY
+inequations	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+nonstrict	B-KEY
+inequations	I-KEY
+are	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+Upper	B-KEY
+bounds	I-KEY
+for	O
+components	O
+of	O
+a	O
+minimal	O
+set	O
+of	O
+solutions	O
+and	O
+algorithms	O
+of	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+minimal	B-KEY
+generating	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+of	O
+solutions	O
+for	O
+all	O
+types	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+are	O
+given	O
+.	O
+These	O
+criteria	O
+and	O
+the	O
+corresponding	O
+algorithms	O
+for	O
+constructing	O
+a	O
+minimal	O
+supporting	O
+set	O
+of	O
+solutions	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+in	O
+solving	O
+all	O
+the	O
+considered	O
+types	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+systems	O
+of	O
+mixed	O
+types	O
+
+The	O
+UK	O
+'s	O
+National	B-KEY
+Electronic	I-KEY
+Site	I-KEY
+Licensing	I-KEY
+Initiative	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+NESLI	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+In	O
+1998	O
+the	O
+UK	O
+created	O
+the	O
+National	B-KEY
+Electronic	I-KEY
+Site	I-KEY
+Licensing	I-KEY
+Initiative	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+NESLI	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+increase	O
+and	O
+improve	O
+access	O
+to	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+journals	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+negotiate	O
+license	B-KEY
+agreements	I-KEY
+on	O
+behalf	O
+of	O
+academic	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+use	O
+of	O
+a	O
+model	O
+license	B-KEY
+agreement	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+success	O
+of	O
+site	O
+licensing	O
+is	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+Highlights	O
+from	O
+an	O
+interim	O
+evaluation	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Joint	B-KEY
+Information	I-KEY
+Systems	I-KEY
+Committee	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+JISC	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+noted	O
+and	O
+key	O
+issues	O
+and	O
+questions	O
+arising	O
+from	O
+the	O
+evaluation	O
+are	O
+identified	O
+
+Matching	O
+PET	O
+and	O
+CT	O
+scans	O
+of	O
+the	O
+head	B-KEY
+and	O
+neck	B-KEY
+area	O
+:	O
+Development	O
+of	O
+method	O
+and	O
+validation	O
+Positron	O
+emission	O
+tomography	O
+-LRB-	O
+PET	O
+-RRB-	O
+provides	O
+important	O
+information	O
+on	O
+tumor	B-KEY
+biology	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+lacks	O
+detailed	O
+anatomical	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+aim	O
+in	O
+the	O
+present	O
+study	O
+was	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+and	O
+validate	O
+an	O
+automatic	B-KEY
+registration	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+for	O
+matching	O
+PET	O
+and	O
+CT	O
+scans	O
+of	O
+the	O
+head	B-KEY
+and	O
+neck	B-KEY
+.	O
+Three	O
+difficulties	O
+in	O
+achieving	O
+this	O
+goal	O
+are	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+nonrigid	B-KEY
+motions	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+neck	B-KEY
+can	O
+hamper	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+automatic	B-KEY
+ridged	I-KEY
+body	I-KEY
+transformations	I-KEY
+;	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+emission	O
+scans	O
+contain	O
+too	O
+little	O
+anatomical	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+to	O
+apply	O
+standard	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+fusion	I-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+;	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+3	O
+-RRB-	O
+no	O
+objective	O
+way	O
+exists	O
+to	O
+quantify	O
+the	O
+quality	O
+of	O
+the	O
+match	O
+results	O
+.	O
+These	O
+problems	O
+are	O
+solved	O
+as	O
+follows	O
+:	O
+accurate	O
+and	O
+reproducible	O
+positioning	O
+of	O
+the	O
+patient	B-KEY
+was	O
+achieved	O
+by	O
+using	O
+a	O
+radiotherapy	B-KEY
+treatment	I-KEY
+mask	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+makes	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+transmission	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+the	O
+emission	O
+scan	O
+.	O
+To	O
+obtain	O
+sufficient	O
+-LRB-	O
+anatomical	O
+-RRB-	O
+information	O
+for	O
+matching	O
+,	O
+two	O
+bed	B-KEY
+positions	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+transmission	B-KEY
+scan	I-KEY
+were	O
+included	O
+in	O
+the	O
+protocol	O
+.	O
+A	O
+mutual	B-KEY
+information-based	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+was	O
+used	O
+as	O
+a	O
+registration	B-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+.	O
+PET	O
+and	O
+CT	O
+data	O
+were	O
+obtained	O
+in	O
+seven	O
+patients	B-KEY
+.	O
+Each	O
+patient	B-KEY
+had	O
+two	O
+CT	O
+scans	O
+and	O
+one	O
+PET	O
+scan	O
+.	O
+The	O
+datasets	O
+were	O
+used	O
+to	O
+estimate	O
+the	O
+consistency	O
+by	O
+matching	O
+PET	O
+to	O
+CT/sub	O
+1	O
+/	O
+,	O
+CT/sub	O
+1	O
+/	O
+to	O
+CT/sub	O
+2	O
+/	O
+,	O
+and	O
+CT/sub	O
+2	O
+/	O
+to	O
+PET	O
+using	O
+the	O
+full	B-KEY
+circle	I-KEY
+consistency	I-KEY
+test	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+was	O
+found	O
+that	O
+using	O
+our	O
+method	O
+,	O
+consistency	O
+could	O
+be	O
+obtained	O
+of	O
+4	O
+mm	O
+and	O
+1.3	O
+degrees	O
+on	O
+average	O
+.	O
+The	O
+PET	O
+voxels	O
+used	O
+for	O
+registration	O
+were	O
+5.15	O
+mm	O
+,	O
+so	O
+the	O
+errors	B-KEY
+compared	O
+quite	O
+favorably	O
+with	O
+the	O
+voxel	O
+size	O
+.	O
+Cropping	O
+the	O
+images	O
+-LRB-	O
+removing	O
+the	O
+scanner	B-KEY
+bed	I-KEY
+from	O
+images	O
+-RRB-	O
+did	O
+not	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+consistency	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+.	O
+The	O
+transmission	B-KEY
+scan	I-KEY
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+could	O
+potentially	O
+be	O
+reduced	O
+to	O
+a	O
+single	O
+position	O
+using	O
+this	O
+approach	O
+.	O
+In	O
+conclusion	O
+,	O
+the	O
+represented	O
+algorithm	O
+and	O
+validation	O
+technique	O
+has	O
+several	O
+features	O
+that	O
+are	O
+attractive	O
+from	O
+both	O
+theoretical	O
+and	O
+practical	O
+point	O
+of	O
+view	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+a	O
+user-independent	O
+,	O
+automatic	O
+validation	O
+technique	O
+for	O
+matching	O
+CT	O
+and	O
+PET	O
+scans	O
+of	O
+the	O
+head	B-KEY
+and	O
+neck	B-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+gives	O
+the	O
+opportunity	O
+to	O
+compare	O
+different	O
+image	B-KEY
+enhancements	I-KEY
+
+Reachability	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+multistep	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+:	O
+their	O
+design	O
+An	O
+upper	B-KEY
+estimate	I-KEY
+and	O
+an	O
+iterative	O
+``	O
+restriction	O
+''	O
+algorithm	O
+for	O
+the	O
+reachability	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+for	O
+determining	O
+the	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+multistep	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+are	O
+designed	O
+
+A	O
+better	O
+ballot	B-KEY
+box	I-KEY
+?	O
+Election	O
+officials	O
+are	O
+examining	O
+technologies	O
+to	O
+address	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+range	O
+of	O
+voting	O
+issues	O
+.	O
+The	O
+problems	O
+observed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+November	O
+2000	O
+US	O
+election	O
+accelerated	O
+existing	O
+trends	O
+to	O
+get	O
+rid	O
+of	O
+lever	O
+machines	O
+,	O
+punch-cards	O
+,	O
+and	O
+hand-counted	O
+paper	O
+ballots	O
+and	O
+replace	O
+them	O
+with	O
+mark-sense	B-KEY
+balloting	I-KEY
+,	O
+Internet	O
+,	O
+and	O
+automatic	O
+teller	O
+machine	O
+-LRB-	O
+ATM	O
+-RRB-	O
+kiosk	O
+style	O
+computer-based	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+An	O
+estimated	O
+US	O
+$	O
+2	O
+-	O
+$	O
+4	O
+billion	O
+will	O
+be	O
+spent	O
+in	O
+the	O
+United	O
+States	O
+and	O
+Canada	O
+to	O
+update	O
+voting	O
+systems	O
+during	O
+the	O
+next	O
+decade	O
+.	O
+Voting	O
+online	O
+might	O
+enable	O
+citizens	O
+to	O
+vote	O
+even	O
+if	O
+they	O
+are	O
+unable	O
+to	O
+get	O
+to	O
+the	O
+polls	O
+.	O
+Yet	O
+making	O
+these	O
+methods	O
+work	O
+right	O
+turns	O
+out	O
+to	O
+be	O
+considerably	O
+more	O
+difficult	O
+than	O
+originally	O
+thought	O
+.	O
+New	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+voting	I-KEY
+systems	O
+pose	O
+risks	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+solutions	O
+.	O
+As	O
+it	O
+turns	O
+out	O
+,	O
+many	O
+of	O
+the	O
+voting	O
+products	O
+currently	O
+for	O
+sale	O
+provide	O
+less	O
+accountability	O
+,	O
+poorer	O
+reliability	O
+,	O
+and	O
+greater	O
+opportunity	O
+for	O
+widespread	O
+fraud	O
+than	O
+those	O
+already	O
+in	O
+use	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+technology	O
+available	O
+and	O
+how	O
+to	O
+ensure	O
+accurate	O
+ballots	O
+
+.	O
+NET	O
+obfuscation	O
+and	O
+intellectual	B-KEY
+property	I-KEY
+The	O
+author	O
+considers	O
+obfuscation	O
+options	O
+for	O
+protecting	O
+.	O
+NET	O
+code	O
+.	O
+Many	O
+programs	O
+wo	O
+n't	O
+need	O
+obfuscation	O
+because	O
+the	O
+loss	O
+caused	O
+by	O
+reverse	B-KEY
+engineering	I-KEY
+will	O
+be	O
+nonexistent	O
+.	O
+Numerous	O
+obfuscators	O
+are	O
+already	O
+available	O
+for	O
+the	O
+.	O
+NET	O
+platform	O
+,	O
+ranging	O
+from	O
+a	O
+basic	O
+renaming	O
+obfuscator	O
+to	O
+a	O
+fully	O
+functional	O
+obfuscator	O
+that	O
+handles	O
+mixed	O
+IL/native	O
+code	O
+assemblies	O
+created	O
+in	O
+any	O
+managed	O
+language	O
+,	O
+including	O
+Microsoft	O
+'s	O
+C++	O
+with	O
+Managed	O
+Extensions	O
+.	O
+An	O
+obfuscator	O
+simply	O
+makes	O
+your	O
+application	O
+harder	O
+to	O
+reverse	B-KEY
+engineer	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+does	O
+not	O
+prevent	O
+reverse	B-KEY
+engineering	I-KEY
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+the	O
+cost	O
+of	O
+obfuscation	O
+is	O
+insignificant	O
+when	O
+compared	O
+to	O
+the	O
+cost	O
+of	O
+a	O
+typical	O
+software	O
+development	O
+project	O
+.	O
+If	O
+you	O
+feel	O
+like	O
+an	O
+obfuscator	O
+provides	O
+you	O
+any	O
+benefit	O
+at	O
+all	O
+,	O
+it	O
+'s	O
+probably	O
+worth	O
+the	O
+price	O
+
+Optimal	B-KEY
+linear	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+in	O
+stabilizer	O
+design	O
+The	O
+most	O
+common	O
+method	O
+of	O
+improving	O
+stability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+power	O
+system	O
+is	O
+the	O
+synthesis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+turbine	O
+and	O
+generator	O
+control	O
+systems	O
+,	O
+because	O
+of	O
+the	O
+high	O
+effectiveness	O
+and	O
+relatively	O
+low	O
+cost	O
+of	O
+these	O
+elements	O
+.	O
+The	O
+synthesis	O
+and	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+effective	O
+synchronous	O
+generator	O
+and	O
+turbine	O
+controller	O
+is	O
+a	O
+very	O
+difficult	O
+task	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+the	O
+seven	O
+step	O
+mu	O
+-	O
+synthesis	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+PSS	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+enabling	O
+the	O
+synchronous	O
+generator	O
+to	O
+remain	O
+stable	O
+over	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+range	O
+of	O
+system	O
+operating	O
+conditions	O
+
+Analysis	O
+and	O
+efficient	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+linguistic	O
+fuzzy	O
+c-means	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+concerned	O
+with	O
+a	O
+linguistic	O
+fuzzy	O
+c-means	O
+-LRB-	O
+FCM	O
+-RRB-	O
+algorithm	O
+with	O
+vectors	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+numbers	I-KEY
+as	O
+inputs	O
+.	O
+This	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+extension	B-KEY
+principle	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+decomposition	B-KEY
+theorem	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+turns	O
+out	O
+that	O
+using	O
+the	O
+extension	B-KEY
+principle	I-KEY
+to	O
+extend	O
+the	O
+capability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+membership	O
+update	O
+equation	O
+to	O
+deal	O
+with	O
+a	O
+linguistic	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+has	O
+a	O
+huge	O
+computational	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+cope	O
+with	O
+this	O
+problem	O
+,	O
+an	O
+efficient	O
+method	O
+based	O
+on	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+arithmetic	I-KEY
+and	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+and	O
+analyzed	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+carefully	O
+examine	O
+and	O
+prove	O
+that	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+behaves	O
+in	O
+a	O
+way	O
+similar	O
+to	O
+the	O
+FCM	O
+in	O
+the	O
+degenerate	O
+linguistic	O
+case	O
+.	O
+Synthetic	O
+data	O
+sets	O
+and	O
+the	O
+iris	O
+data	O
+set	O
+have	O
+been	O
+used	O
+to	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+behavior	O
+of	O
+this	O
+linguistic	O
+version	O
+of	O
+the	O
+FCM	O
+
+Measuring	O
+keyboard	O
+response	O
+delays	O
+by	O
+comparing	O
+keyboard	O
+and	O
+joystick	B-KEY
+inputs	I-KEY
+The	O
+response	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+PC	B-KEY
+keyboards	I-KEY
+have	O
+to	O
+be	O
+identified	O
+when	O
+they	O
+are	O
+used	O
+as	O
+response	O
+devices	O
+in	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+experiments	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+past	O
+,	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+has	O
+been	O
+to	O
+check	B-KEY
+the	O
+characteristics	O
+independently	O
+by	O
+means	O
+of	O
+external	O
+measurement	O
+equipment	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+availability	O
+of	O
+different	O
+PC	O
+models	O
+and	O
+the	O
+rapid	O
+pace	O
+of	O
+model	B-KEY
+change	I-KEY
+,	O
+there	O
+is	O
+an	O
+urgent	O
+need	O
+for	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+convenient	O
+and	O
+accurate	O
+methods	O
+of	O
+checking	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+proposed	O
+consists	O
+of	O
+raising	O
+the	O
+precision	O
+of	O
+the	O
+PC	O
+'s	O
+clock	O
+to	O
+the	O
+microsecond	O
+level	O
+and	O
+using	O
+a	O
+joystick	O
+connected	O
+to	O
+the	O
+MIDI	B-KEY
+terminal	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+sound	B-KEY
+board	I-KEY
+to	O
+give	O
+the	O
+PC	O
+an	O
+independent	B-KEY
+timing	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+.	O
+Statistical	O
+processing	O
+of	O
+the	O
+data	O
+provided	O
+by	O
+this	O
+method	O
+makes	O
+it	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+estimate	O
+accurately	O
+the	O
+keyboard	B-KEY
+scanning	I-KEY
+interval	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+average	B-KEY
+keyboard	I-KEY
+delay	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+showed	O
+that	O
+measured	O
+keyboard	O
+delay	O
+times	O
+varied	O
+from	O
+11	O
+to	O
+73	O
+msec	O
+,	O
+depending	O
+on	O
+the	O
+keyboard	O
+model	O
+,	O
+with	O
+most	O
+values	O
+being	O
+less	O
+than	O
+30	O
+msec	O
+
+BioOne	O
+:	O
+a	O
+new	O
+model	O
+for	O
+scholarly	O
+publishing	O
+This	O
+article	O
+describes	O
+a	O
+unique	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+journal	I-KEY
+publishing	I-KEY
+project	I-KEY
+involving	O
+the	O
+University	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Kansas	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+Big	B-KEY
+12	I-KEY
+Plus	I-KEY
+Libraries	I-KEY
+Consortium	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+American	O
+Institute	O
+of	O
+Biological	B-KEY
+Sciences	I-KEY
+,	O
+Allen	O
+Press	O
+,	O
+and	O
+SPARC	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Scholarly	O
+Publishing	O
+and	O
+Academic	O
+Resources	O
+Coalition	O
+.	O
+This	O
+partnership	O
+has	O
+created	O
+BioOne	O
+,	O
+a	O
+database	O
+of	O
+40	O
+full-text	O
+society	O
+journals	O
+in	O
+the	O
+biological	O
+and	O
+environmental	B-KEY
+sciences	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+was	O
+launched	O
+in	O
+April	O
+,	O
+2001	O
+.	O
+The	O
+genesis	O
+and	O
+development	O
+of	O
+the	O
+project	O
+is	O
+described	O
+and	O
+financial	O
+,	O
+technical	O
+,	O
+and	O
+intellectual	B-KEY
+property	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+project	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+Collaborative	B-KEY
+strategies	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+project	O
+are	O
+described	O
+
+Solutions	O
+for	O
+cooperative	B-KEY
+games	I-KEY
+A	O
+new	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+the	O
+characteristic	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+is	O
+defined	O
+.	O
+It	O
+matches	O
+cooperative	B-KEY
+games	I-KEY
+far	O
+better	O
+than	O
+the	O
+classical	O
+characteristic	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+and	O
+is	O
+useful	O
+in	O
+reducing	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+decisions	B-KEY
+that	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+as	O
+the	O
+unique	B-KEY
+solution	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+game	O
+
+Optimal	B-KEY
+online	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+scheduling	O
+on	O
+two	O
+identical	O
+machines	O
+with	O
+machine	B-KEY
+availability	I-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+considers	O
+the	O
+online	O
+scheduling	O
+on	O
+two	O
+identical	O
+machines	O
+with	O
+machine	B-KEY
+availability	I-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+for	O
+minimizing	O
+makespan	O
+.	O
+We	O
+assume	O
+that	O
+machine	O
+M/sub	O
+j	O
+/	O
+is	O
+unavailable	O
+during	O
+period	O
+from	O
+s/sub	O
+j	O
+/	O
+to	O
+t/sub	O
+j	O
+/	O
+-LRB-	O
+0	O
+<	O
+or	O
+=	O
+s/sub	O
+j	O
+/	O
+<	O
+t/sub	O
+j	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+j	O
+=	O
+1	O
+,	O
+2	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+unavailable	O
+periods	O
+of	O
+two	O
+machines	O
+do	O
+not	O
+overlap	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+competitive	O
+ratio	O
+of	O
+list	B-KEY
+scheduling	I-KEY
+is	O
+3	O
+.	O
+We	O
+further	O
+give	O
+an	O
+optimal	O
+algorithm	O
+with	O
+a	O
+competitive	O
+ratio	O
+5/2	O
+
+Evolution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+high-end	O
+computing	O
+market	O
+in	O
+the	O
+USA	B-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+focuses	O
+on	O
+the	O
+technological	O
+change	O
+in	O
+the	O
+high-end	O
+computing	O
+market	O
+.	O
+The	O
+discussion	O
+combines	O
+historical	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+with	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+to	O
+provide	O
+a	O
+framework	O
+to	O
+analyse	O
+a	O
+key	O
+component	O
+of	O
+the	O
+computer	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+analysis	O
+begins	O
+from	O
+the	O
+perspective	O
+of	O
+government	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+and	O
+development	B-KEY
+spending	I-KEY
+;	O
+then	O
+examines	O
+the	O
+confusion	O
+around	O
+the	O
+evolution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+high-end	O
+computing	O
+market	O
+in	O
+the	O
+context	O
+of	O
+standard	O
+theories	O
+of	O
+technology	B-KEY
+strategy	I-KEY
+and	O
+new	B-KEY
+product	I-KEY
+innovation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Rather	O
+than	O
+the	O
+high-end	O
+market	O
+being	O
+`	O
+dead	O
+'	O
+,	O
+one	O
+should	O
+view	O
+the	O
+market	O
+as	O
+changing	O
+due	O
+to	O
+increased	O
+capability	O
+and	O
+competition	B-KEY
+from	O
+the	O
+low-end	B-KEY
+personal	I-KEY
+computer	I-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+high-end	O
+market	O
+is	O
+also	O
+responding	O
+to	O
+new	B-KEY
+product	I-KEY
+innovation	I-KEY
+from	O
+the	O
+introduction	O
+of	O
+new	O
+parallel	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+architectures	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+conclusion	O
+,	O
+key	O
+leverage	O
+points	O
+in	O
+the	O
+market	O
+are	O
+identified	O
+and	O
+the	O
+trends	O
+in	O
+high-end	O
+computing	O
+are	O
+highlighted	O
+with	O
+implications	O
+
+Option	B-KEY
+pricing	I-KEY
+from	O
+path	B-KEY
+integral	I-KEY
+for	O
+non-Gaussian	O
+fluctuations	O
+.	O
+Natural	B-KEY
+martingale	I-KEY
+and	O
+application	O
+to	O
+truncated	B-KEY
+Levy	I-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+Within	O
+a	O
+path	B-KEY
+integral	I-KEY
+formalism	O
+for	O
+non-Gaussian	O
+price	O
+fluctuations	O
+,	O
+we	O
+set	O
+up	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+calculus	I-KEY
+and	O
+derive	O
+a	O
+natural	B-KEY
+martingale	I-KEY
+for	O
+option	B-KEY
+pricing	I-KEY
+from	O
+the	O
+wealth	O
+balance	O
+of	O
+options	O
+,	O
+stocks	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+bonds	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+resulting	O
+formula	O
+is	O
+evaluated	O
+for	O
+truncated	B-KEY
+Levy	I-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+
+From	O
+revenue	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+concepts	I-KEY
+to	O
+software	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+In	O
+1999	O
+,	O
+after	O
+developing	O
+and	O
+installing	O
+over	O
+170	O
+revenue	O
+management	O
+-LRB-	O
+RM	O
+-RRB-	O
+systems	O
+for	O
+more	O
+than	O
+70	O
+airlines	O
+,	O
+PROS	B-KEY
+Revenue	I-KEY
+Management	I-KEY
+,	O
+Inc.	B-KEY
+had	O
+the	O
+opportunity	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+RM	O
+systems	B-KEY
+for	I-KEY
+three	O
+companies	O
+in	O
+nonairline	O
+industries	O
+.	O
+PROS	O
+research	O
+and	O
+design	O
+department	O
+designed	O
+the	O
+opportunity	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+study	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+OAS	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+mix	O
+of	O
+OR/MS	B-KEY
+,	O
+consulting	O
+,	O
+and	O
+software	B-KEY
+development	I-KEY
+practices	I-KEY
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+applicability	O
+of	O
+RM	O
+in	O
+new	O
+business	O
+situations	O
+.	O
+PROS	O
+executed	O
+OASs	O
+with	O
+the	O
+three	O
+companies	O
+.	O
+In	O
+all	O
+three	O
+cases	O
+,	O
+the	O
+OAS	B-KEY
+supported	O
+the	O
+value	O
+of	O
+RM	O
+and	O
+led	O
+to	O
+contracts	O
+for	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+RM	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+
+Estimation	O
+of	O
+error	O
+in	O
+curvature	O
+computation	O
+on	O
+multi-scale	O
+free-form	O
+surfaces	O
+A	O
+novel	O
+technique	O
+for	O
+multi-scale	B-KEY
+curvature	I-KEY
+computation	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+free-form	O
+3-D	O
+surface	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+achieved	O
+by	O
+convolving	O
+local	B-KEY
+parametrisations	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+surface	O
+with	O
+2-D	O
+Gaussian	O
+filters	O
+iteratively	O
+.	O
+In	O
+our	O
+technique	O
+,	O
+semigeodesic	B-KEY
+coordinates	I-KEY
+are	O
+constructed	O
+at	O
+each	O
+vertex	O
+of	O
+the	O
+mesh	O
+.	O
+Smoothing	O
+results	O
+are	O
+shown	O
+for	O
+3-D	O
+surfaces	O
+with	O
+different	O
+shapes	O
+indicating	O
+that	O
+surface	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+is	O
+eliminated	O
+and	O
+surface	O
+details	O
+are	O
+removed	O
+gradually	O
+.	O
+A	O
+number	O
+of	O
+evolution	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+3-D	O
+surfaces	O
+are	O
+described	O
+.	O
+Next	O
+,	O
+the	O
+surface	O
+Gaussian	O
+and	O
+mean	B-KEY
+curvature	I-KEY
+values	I-KEY
+are	O
+estimated	O
+accurately	O
+at	O
+multiple	O
+scales	O
+which	O
+are	O
+then	O
+mapped	O
+to	O
+colours	O
+and	O
+displayed	O
+directly	O
+on	O
+the	O
+surface	O
+.	O
+The	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+technique	O
+when	O
+selecting	O
+different	O
+directions	O
+as	O
+an	O
+arbitrary	O
+direction	O
+for	O
+the	O
+geodesic	O
+at	O
+each	O
+vertex	O
+are	O
+also	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+indicate	O
+that	O
+the	O
+error	O
+observed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+estimation	O
+of	O
+Gaussian	O
+and	O
+mean	O
+curvatures	O
+is	O
+quite	O
+low	O
+after	O
+only	O
+one	O
+iteration	O
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+as	O
+the	O
+surface	O
+is	O
+smoothed	O
+iteratively	O
+,	O
+the	O
+error	O
+is	O
+further	O
+reduced	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+also	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+estimation	O
+error	O
+of	O
+Gaussian	O
+curvature	O
+is	O
+less	O
+than	O
+that	O
+of	O
+mean	O
+curvature	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+experiments	O
+demonstrate	O
+that	O
+estimation	O
+of	O
+smoothed	O
+surface	O
+curvatures	O
+are	O
+very	O
+accurate	O
+and	O
+not	O
+affected	O
+by	O
+the	O
+arbitrary	O
+direction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+first	O
+geodesic	O
+line	O
+when	O
+constructing	O
+semigeodesic	B-KEY
+coordinates	I-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+technique	O
+is	O
+independent	O
+of	O
+the	O
+underlying	B-KEY
+triangulation	I-KEY
+and	O
+is	O
+also	O
+more	O
+efficient	O
+than	O
+volumetric	B-KEY
+diffusion	I-KEY
+techniques	I-KEY
+since	O
+2-D	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+3-D	O
+convolutions	B-KEY
+are	O
+employed	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+the	O
+method	O
+presented	O
+here	O
+is	O
+a	O
+generalisation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Curvature	B-KEY
+Scale	I-KEY
+Space	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+for	O
+2-D	O
+contours	O
+.	O
+The	O
+CSS	O
+method	O
+has	O
+outperformed	O
+comparable	O
+techniques	O
+within	O
+the	O
+MPEG-7	B-KEY
+evaluation	I-KEY
+framework	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+result	O
+,	O
+it	O
+has	O
+been	O
+selected	O
+for	O
+inclusion	O
+in	O
+the	O
+MPEG-7	O
+package	O
+of	O
+standards	O
+
+Fuzzy	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+conjunction	I-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+An	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+of	O
+parametric	O
+conjunction	O
+operations	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+some	O
+methods	O
+for	O
+the	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+parametric	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+conjunction	I-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+simpler	O
+than	O
+the	O
+known	O
+parametric	O
+classes	O
+of	O
+conjunctions	O
+are	O
+considered	O
+and	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+several	O
+examples	O
+of	O
+function	B-KEY
+approximation	I-KEY
+by	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+,	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+the	O
+new	O
+conjunction	O
+operations	O
+,	O
+are	O
+given	O
+and	O
+their	O
+approximation	B-KEY
+performances	I-KEY
+are	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+the	O
+approaches	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+of	O
+membership	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+and	O
+other	O
+approaches	O
+proposed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+seen	O
+that	O
+the	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+conjunction	O
+operations	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+for	O
+obtaining	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+sufficiently	O
+good	O
+performance	O
+when	O
+the	O
+tuning	B-KEY
+of	O
+membership	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+is	O
+not	O
+possible	O
+or	O
+not	O
+desirable	O
+
+Twenty	O
+years	O
+of	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+on	O
+acquiring	O
+out-of-print	B-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+reviews	O
+the	O
+last	O
+two-and-a-half	O
+decades	O
+of	O
+literature	O
+on	O
+acquiring	O
+out-of-print	B-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+to	O
+assess	O
+recurring	B-KEY
+issues	I-KEY
+and	O
+identify	O
+changing	B-KEY
+practices	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+out-of-print	O
+literature	O
+is	O
+uniform	O
+in	O
+its	O
+assertion	O
+that	O
+libraries	O
+need	O
+to	O
+acquire	O
+o.p.	O
+materials	O
+to	O
+replace	O
+worn	O
+or	O
+damaged	O
+copies	O
+,	O
+to	O
+replace	O
+missing	O
+copies	O
+,	O
+to	O
+duplicate	O
+copies	O
+of	O
+heavily	O
+used	O
+materials	O
+,	O
+to	O
+fill	O
+gaps	O
+in	O
+collections	O
+,	O
+to	O
+strengthen	O
+weak	O
+collections	O
+,	O
+to	O
+continue	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+strong	O
+collections	O
+,	O
+and	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+materials	O
+for	O
+new	O
+courses	O
+,	O
+new	O
+programs	O
+,	O
+and	O
+even	O
+entire	O
+new	O
+libraries	O
+
+Real-time	B-KEY
+enterprise	I-KEY
+solutions	I-KEY
+for	O
+discrete	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+and	O
+consumer	B-KEY
+goods	I-KEY
+Customer	B-KEY
+satisfaction	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+focus	O
+on	O
+core	B-KEY
+competencies	I-KEY
+have	O
+dominated	O
+the	O
+thinking	O
+of	O
+a	O
+whole	O
+host	O
+of	O
+industries	O
+in	O
+recent	O
+years	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+one	O
+outcome	O
+,	O
+the	O
+outsourcing	O
+of	O
+noncore	O
+activities	O
+,	O
+has	O
+made	O
+the	O
+production	O
+of	O
+goods-from	O
+order	O
+entry	O
+to	O
+final	O
+delivery-more	O
+and	O
+more	O
+complex	O
+.	O
+Suppliers	O
+,	O
+subsuppliers	O
+,	O
+producers	O
+and	O
+customers	O
+are	O
+therefore	O
+busy	O
+adopting	O
+a	O
+new	O
+,	O
+more	O
+collaborative	O
+approach	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+mainly	O
+taking	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+order-driven	B-KEY
+planning	I-KEY
+and	O
+scheduling	O
+of	O
+production	O
+,	O
+but	O
+it	O
+is	O
+also	O
+being	O
+steered	O
+by	O
+a	O
+need	O
+to	O
+reduce	O
+inventories	O
+and	O
+working	O
+capital	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+a	O
+desire	O
+to	O
+increase	O
+throughput	O
+and	O
+optimize	O
+production	O
+
+ePsych	B-KEY
+:	O
+interactive	B-KEY
+demonstrations	I-KEY
+and	O
+experiments	O
+in	O
+psychology	O
+ePsych	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+http://epsych.msstate.edu	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+new	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+currently	O
+under	O
+active	O
+development	O
+,	O
+is	O
+intended	O
+to	O
+teach	B-KEY
+students	O
+about	O
+the	O
+discipline	O
+of	O
+psychology	O
+.	O
+The	O
+site	O
+presumes	O
+little	O
+prior	O
+knowledge	O
+about	O
+the	O
+field	O
+and	O
+so	O
+may	O
+be	O
+used	O
+in	O
+introductory	O
+classes	O
+,	O
+but	O
+it	O
+incorporates	O
+sufficient	O
+depth	O
+of	O
+coverage	O
+to	O
+be	O
+useful	O
+in	O
+more	O
+advanced	O
+classes	O
+as	O
+well	O
+.	O
+Numerous	O
+interactive	O
+and	O
+dynamic	O
+elements	O
+are	O
+incorporated	O
+into	O
+various	O
+modules	O
+,	O
+orientations	O
+,	O
+and	O
+guidebooks	O
+.	O
+These	O
+elements	O
+include	O
+Java-based	B-KEY
+experiments	I-KEY
+and	O
+demonstrations	O
+,	O
+video	B-KEY
+clips	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+animated	B-KEY
+diagrams	I-KEY
+.	O
+Rapid	O
+access	O
+to	O
+all	O
+material	O
+is	O
+provided	O
+through	O
+a	O
+layer-based	B-KEY
+navigation	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+that	O
+allows	O
+users	O
+to	O
+visit	O
+various	O
+``	O
+Worlds	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+the	I-KEY
+Mind	I-KEY
+.	O
+''	O
+Active	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+is	O
+encouraged	O
+,	O
+by	O
+challenging	O
+students	O
+with	O
+puzzles	O
+and	O
+problems	O
+and	O
+by	O
+providing	O
+the	O
+opportunity	O
+to	O
+``	O
+dig	O
+deeper	O
+''	O
+to	O
+learn	O
+more	O
+about	O
+the	O
+phenomena	O
+at	O
+hand	O
+
+The	O
+culture	O
+of	O
+usability	O
+Now	O
+that	O
+most	O
+of	O
+us	O
+agree	O
+that	O
+usability	O
+testing	O
+is	O
+an	O
+integral	O
+investment	O
+in	O
+site	O
+development	O
+,	O
+it	O
+'s	O
+time	O
+to	O
+recognize	O
+that	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+approach	O
+falls	O
+short	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+do	O
+less	O
+work	O
+and	O
+get	O
+better	O
+results	O
+while	O
+spending	O
+less	O
+money	O
+.	O
+By	O
+bringing	O
+usability	O
+testing	O
+in-house	O
+and	O
+breaking	O
+tests	O
+into	O
+more	O
+manageable	O
+sessions	O
+,	O
+you	O
+can	O
+vastly	O
+improve	O
+your	O
+online	O
+offering	O
+without	O
+affecting	O
+your	O
+profit	O
+margin	O
+
+Real-time	B-KEY
+implementation	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+new	O
+low-memory	O
+SPIHT	O
+image	O
+coding	O
+algorithm	O
+using	O
+DSP	B-KEY
+chip	I-KEY
+Among	O
+all	O
+algorithms	O
+based	O
+on	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+and	O
+zerotree	B-KEY
+quantization	I-KEY
+,	O
+Said	O
+and	O
+Pearlman	O
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+1996	O
+-RRB-	O
+set	B-KEY
+partitioning	I-KEY
+in	I-KEY
+hierarchical	I-KEY
+trees	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SPIHT	O
+-RRB-	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+well-known	O
+for	O
+its	O
+simplicity	O
+and	O
+efficiency	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+deals	O
+with	O
+the	O
+real-time	B-KEY
+implementation	I-KEY
+of	O
+SPIHT	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+using	O
+DSP	B-KEY
+chip	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+facilitate	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+and	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+codec	B-KEY
+'s	O
+performance	O
+,	O
+some	O
+relative	O
+issues	O
+are	O
+thoroughly	O
+discussed	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+the	O
+optimization	O
+of	O
+program	O
+structure	O
+to	O
+speed	O
+up	O
+the	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+.	O
+SPIHT	O
+'s	O
+high	O
+memory	O
+requirement	O
+is	O
+a	O
+major	O
+drawback	O
+for	O
+hardware	O
+implementation	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+modify	O
+the	O
+original	O
+SPIHT	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+by	O
+presenting	O
+two	O
+new	O
+concepts-number	O
+of	O
+error	O
+bits	O
+and	O
+absolute	B-KEY
+zerotree	I-KEY
+.	O
+Consequently	O
+,	O
+the	O
+memory	O
+cost	O
+is	O
+significantly	O
+reduced	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+introduce	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+to	O
+control	O
+the	O
+coding	O
+process	O
+by	O
+number	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+bits	I-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+meets	O
+common	O
+requirement	O
+of	O
+real-time	O
+video	B-KEY
+coding	I-KEY
+and	O
+is	O
+proven	O
+to	O
+be	O
+a	O
+practical	O
+and	O
+efficient	O
+DSP	O
+solution	O
+
+Using	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+reality	I-KEY
+to	O
+teach	O
+disability	O
+awareness	O
+A	O
+desktop	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+reality	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+VR	O
+-RRB-	O
+program	O
+was	O
+designed	O
+and	O
+evaluated	O
+to	O
+teach	O
+children	B-KEY
+about	O
+the	O
+accessibility	B-KEY
+and	O
+attitudinal	O
+barriers	O
+encountered	O
+by	O
+their	O
+peers	O
+with	O
+mobility	B-KEY
+impairments	I-KEY
+.	O
+Within	O
+this	O
+software	O
+,	O
+children	B-KEY
+sitting	O
+in	O
+a	O
+virtual	B-KEY
+wheelchair	I-KEY
+experience	O
+obstacles	O
+such	O
+as	O
+stairs	O
+,	O
+narrow	O
+doors	O
+,	O
+objects	O
+too	O
+high	O
+to	O
+reach	O
+,	O
+and	O
+attitudinal	O
+barriers	O
+such	O
+as	O
+inappropriate	O
+comments	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+a	O
+collaborative	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+methodology	I-KEY
+,	O
+15	O
+youth	O
+with	O
+mobility	B-KEY
+impairments	I-KEY
+assisted	O
+in	O
+developing	O
+and	O
+beta-testing	O
+the	O
+software	O
+.	O
+The	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+program	O
+was	O
+then	O
+evaluated	O
+with	O
+60	O
+children	B-KEY
+in	O
+Grades	O
+4-6	O
+using	O
+a	O
+controlled	O
+pretest/posttest	O
+design	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+indicated	O
+that	O
+the	O
+program	O
+was	O
+effective	O
+for	O
+increasing	O
+children	B-KEY
+'s	O
+knowledge	O
+of	O
+accessibility	B-KEY
+barriers	O
+.	O
+Attitudes	O
+,	O
+grade	O
+level	O
+,	O
+familiarity	O
+with	O
+individuals	O
+with	O
+a	O
+disability	O
+,	O
+and	O
+gender	B-KEY
+were	O
+also	O
+investigated	O
+
+Brightness-independent	B-KEY
+start-up	I-KEY
+routine	I-KEY
+for	O
+star	B-KEY
+trackers	I-KEY
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+attitude	I-KEY
+acquisition	I-KEY
+by	O
+a	O
+modern	O
+star	B-KEY
+tracker	I-KEY
+is	O
+investigated	O
+here	O
+.	O
+Criteria	O
+for	O
+efficient	O
+organization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+on-board	B-KEY
+database	I-KEY
+are	O
+discussed	O
+with	O
+reference	O
+to	O
+a	O
+brightness-independent	O
+initial	O
+acquisition	O
+algorithm	O
+.	O
+Star	B-KEY
+catalog	I-KEY
+generation	I-KEY
+preprocessing	I-KEY
+is	O
+described	O
+,	O
+with	O
+emphasis	O
+on	O
+the	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+minimum	B-KEY
+star	I-KEY
+brightness	I-KEY
+for	O
+detection	O
+by	O
+a	O
+sensor	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+charge	O
+coupled	O
+device	O
+-LRB-	O
+CCD	O
+-RRB-	O
+photodetector	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+a	O
+crucial	O
+step	O
+for	O
+proper	O
+evaluation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+attainable	O
+sky	O
+coverage	O
+when	O
+selecting	O
+the	O
+stars	O
+to	O
+be	O
+included	O
+in	O
+the	O
+on-board	O
+catalog	O
+.	O
+Test	O
+results	O
+are	O
+also	O
+reported	O
+,	O
+both	O
+for	O
+reliability	B-KEY
+and	O
+accuracy	O
+,	O
+even	O
+if	O
+the	O
+former	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+to	O
+be	O
+the	O
+primary	O
+target	O
+.	O
+Probability	O
+of	O
+erroneous	O
+solution	O
+is	O
+0.2	O
+%	O
+in	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+single	O
+runs	O
+of	O
+the	O
+procedure	O
+,	O
+while	O
+attitude	O
+determination	O
+accuracy	O
+is	O
+in	O
+the	O
+order	O
+of	O
+0.02	O
+degrees	O
+in	O
+the	O
+average	O
+for	O
+the	O
+computation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+inertial	O
+pointing	O
+of	O
+the	O
+boresight	B-KEY
+axis	I-KEY
+
+A	O
+comparison	O
+of	O
+the	O
+discounted	B-KEY
+utility	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+and	O
+hyperbolic	B-KEY
+discounting	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+social	O
+and	O
+private	O
+intertemporal	B-KEY
+preferences	I-KEY
+for	O
+health	O
+Whilst	O
+there	O
+is	O
+substantial	O
+evidence	O
+that	O
+hyperbolic	B-KEY
+discounting	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+describe	O
+intertemporal	B-KEY
+preferences	I-KEY
+for	O
+monetary	O
+outcomes	O
+better	O
+than	O
+the	O
+discounted	O
+utility	O
+-LRB-	O
+DU	O
+-RRB-	O
+model	O
+,	O
+there	O
+is	O
+only	O
+very	O
+limited	O
+evidence	O
+in	O
+the	O
+context	O
+of	O
+health	B-KEY
+outcomes	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+study	O
+elicits	O
+private	O
+and	O
+social	O
+intertemporal	B-KEY
+preferences	I-KEY
+for	O
+non-fatal	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+health	O
+.	O
+Specific	O
+functional	O
+forms	O
+of	O
+the	O
+DU	O
+model	O
+and	O
+three	O
+hyperbolic	O
+models	O
+are	O
+fitted	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+stationarity	O
+axiom	O
+is	O
+violated	O
+,	O
+and	O
+that	O
+the	O
+hyperbolic	O
+models	O
+fit	O
+the	O
+data	O
+better	O
+than	O
+the	O
+DU	O
+model	O
+.	O
+Intertemporal	B-KEY
+preferences	I-KEY
+for	O
+private	O
+and	O
+social	B-KEY
+decisions	I-KEY
+are	O
+found	O
+to	O
+be	O
+very	O
+similar	O
+
+Layer-based	B-KEY
+machining	I-KEY
+:	O
+recent	O
+development	O
+and	O
+support	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+There	O
+is	O
+growing	O
+interest	O
+in	O
+additive	O
+and	O
+subtractive	B-KEY
+shaping	I-KEY
+theories	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+synthesized	O
+to	O
+integrate	O
+the	O
+layered	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+and	O
+material	B-KEY
+removal	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+.	O
+Layer-based	B-KEY
+machining	I-KEY
+has	O
+emerged	O
+as	O
+a	O
+promising	O
+method	O
+for	O
+integrated	O
+additive	O
+and	O
+subtractive	B-KEY
+shaping	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+major	O
+layer-based	B-KEY
+machining	I-KEY
+systems	O
+are	O
+reviewed	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+according	O
+to	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+stock	B-KEY
+layers	I-KEY
+,	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+machining	I-KEY
+configurations	I-KEY
+,	O
+stacking	B-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+,	O
+input	B-KEY
+format	I-KEY
+and	O
+raw	B-KEY
+materials	I-KEY
+.	O
+Support	O
+structure	O
+,	O
+a	O
+major	O
+issue	O
+in	O
+machining-based	O
+systems	O
+which	O
+has	O
+seldom	O
+been	O
+addressed	O
+in	O
+previous	O
+research	O
+,	O
+is	O
+investigated	O
+in	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+with	O
+considerations	O
+of	O
+four	O
+situations	O
+:	O
+floating	B-KEY
+overhang	I-KEY
+,	O
+cantilever	B-KEY
+,	O
+vaulted	B-KEY
+overhang	I-KEY
+and	O
+ceiling	B-KEY
+.	O
+Except	O
+for	O
+the	O
+floating	B-KEY
+overhang	I-KEY
+where	O
+a	O
+support	O
+structure	O
+should	O
+not	O
+be	O
+overlooked	O
+,	O
+the	O
+necessity	O
+for	O
+support	O
+structures	O
+for	O
+the	O
+other	O
+three	O
+situations	O
+is	O
+determined	O
+by	O
+stress	B-KEY
+and	O
+deflection	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+machining	O
+of	O
+a	O
+large	O
+castle	O
+model	O
+
+A	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+adaptation	I-KEY
+circuit	I-KEY
+for	O
+control	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+of	O
+deformable	B-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+vehicles	I-KEY
+:	O
+its	O
+design	O
+A	O
+fuzzy-logic	O
+adaptation	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+designed	O
+for	O
+adjusting	O
+the	O
+discreteness	B-KEY
+period	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+control	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+for	O
+ensuring	O
+the	O
+stability	B-KEY
+and	O
+quality	O
+of	O
+control	O
+process	O
+with	O
+regard	O
+to	O
+the	O
+elastic	B-KEY
+structural	I-KEY
+vibrations	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+deformable	B-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+vehicle	I-KEY
+.	O
+Its	O
+performance	O
+is	O
+verified	O
+by	O
+digital	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+discrete	O
+control	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+with	O
+two	O
+objects	O
+
+Elimination	O
+of	O
+zero-order	O
+diffraction	O
+in	O
+digital	B-KEY
+holography	I-KEY
+A	O
+simple	O
+method	O
+to	O
+suppress	O
+the	O
+zero-order	O
+diffraction	O
+in	O
+the	O
+reconstructed	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+of	O
+digital	B-KEY
+holography	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+method	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Laplacian	B-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+detected	B-KEY
+hologram	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+instead	O
+of	O
+the	O
+hologram	O
+itself	O
+for	O
+numerical	O
+reconstruction	O
+by	O
+computing	O
+the	O
+discrete	B-KEY
+Fresnel	I-KEY
+integral	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+method	O
+can	O
+significantly	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+image	B-KEY
+quality	I-KEY
+and	O
+give	O
+better	O
+resolution	O
+and	O
+higher	O
+accuracy	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+reconstructed	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+advantages	O
+of	O
+this	O
+method	O
+are	O
+its	O
+simplicity	O
+in	O
+experimental	O
+requirements	O
+and	O
+convenience	O
+in	O
+data	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+
+Computer	B-KEY
+mediated	I-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+and	O
+university	B-KEY
+international	I-KEY
+students	I-KEY
+The	O
+design	O
+for	O
+the	O
+preliminary	O
+study	O
+presented	O
+was	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+experiences	O
+of	O
+the	O
+international	O
+students	O
+and	O
+faculty	B-KEY
+members	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+small	B-KEY
+southwest	I-KEY
+university	I-KEY
+being	O
+surveyed	O
+and	O
+interviewed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+data	B-KEY
+collection	I-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+blends	O
+qualitative	O
+and	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+strong	O
+consensus	O
+was	O
+found	O
+that	O
+supports	O
+the	O
+study	O
+'s	O
+premise	O
+that	O
+there	O
+is	O
+an	O
+association	O
+between	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+computer	B-KEY
+mediated	I-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CMC	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+teaching	B-KEY
+and	O
+learning	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+of	O
+international	O
+students	O
+.	O
+Both	O
+groups	O
+believe	O
+CMC	B-KEY
+to	O
+be	O
+an	O
+effective	O
+teaching	B-KEY
+and	O
+learning	O
+tool	O
+by	O
+:	O
+increasing	O
+the	O
+frequency	O
+and	O
+quality	O
+of	O
+communication	O
+between	O
+students	O
+and	O
+instructors	B-KEY
+;	O
+improving	O
+language	B-KEY
+skills	I-KEY
+through	O
+increased	O
+writing	O
+and	O
+communication	B-KEY
+opportunities	I-KEY
+;	O
+allowing	O
+students	O
+and	O
+instructors	B-KEY
+to	O
+stay	O
+current	O
+and	O
+to	O
+compete	O
+effectively	O
+;	O
+providing	O
+alternative	O
+teaching	B-KEY
+and	O
+learning	O
+methods	O
+to	O
+increase	O
+students	O
+'	O
+confidence	O
+in	O
+their	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+communicate	O
+effectively	O
+with	O
+peers	B-KEY
+and	O
+instructors	B-KEY
+;	O
+and	O
+improving	O
+the	O
+instructors	B-KEY
+'	O
+pedagogical	B-KEY
+focus	I-KEY
+and	O
+questioning	B-KEY
+techniques	I-KEY
+
+Using	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+to	O
+answer	O
+legal	B-KEY
+reference	I-KEY
+questions	I-KEY
+In	O
+an	O
+effort	O
+to	O
+help	O
+non-law	O
+librarians	O
+with	O
+basic	O
+legal	B-KEY
+reference	I-KEY
+questions	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+author	O
+highlights	O
+three	O
+basic	O
+legal	O
+Web	O
+sites	O
+and	O
+outlines	O
+useful	O
+subject-specific	O
+Web	O
+sites	O
+that	O
+focus	O
+on	O
+statutes	O
+and	O
+regulations	O
+,	O
+case	B-KEY
+law	I-KEY
+and	O
+attorney	B-KEY
+directories	I-KEY
+
+7	O
+key	O
+tests	O
+in	O
+choosing	O
+your	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+firm	O
+Most	O
+legal	B-KEY
+firms	I-KEY
+now	O
+have	O
+a	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+and	O
+are	O
+starting	O
+to	O
+evaluate	O
+the	O
+return	O
+on	O
+their	O
+investment	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+looks	O
+at	O
+factors	O
+involved	O
+when	O
+choosing	O
+a	O
+firm	O
+to	O
+help	O
+set	O
+up	O
+or	O
+improve	O
+a	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+Look	O
+for	O
+a	O
+company	O
+that	O
+combines	O
+technical	B-KEY
+skills	I-KEY
+and	O
+business	B-KEY
+experience	I-KEY
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+Look	O
+for	O
+a	O
+company	O
+that	O
+offers	O
+excellent	O
+customer	B-KEY
+service	I-KEY
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+3	O
+-RRB-	O
+Check	O
+that	O
+the	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+firm	O
+is	O
+committed	O
+to	O
+developing	O
+and	O
+proactively	B-KEY
+updating	I-KEY
+the	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+4	O
+-RRB-	O
+Make	O
+sure	O
+the	O
+firm	O
+has	O
+a	O
+proven	O
+track	O
+record	O
+and	O
+a	O
+good	O
+portfolio	O
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+5	O
+-RRB-	O
+Look	O
+for	O
+a	O
+company	O
+with	O
+both	O
+a	O
+breadth	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+depth	O
+of	O
+skills	O
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+6	O
+-RRB-	O
+Make	O
+sure	O
+the	O
+firm	O
+can	O
+deliver	O
+work	O
+on	O
+target	O
+,	O
+in	O
+budget	O
+and	O
+to	O
+specification	O
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+7	O
+-RRB-	O
+Ensure	O
+that	O
+you	O
+will	O
+enjoy	O
+working	O
+and	O
+feel	O
+comfortable	O
+with	O
+the	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+firm	O
+staff	O
+
+Identification	O
+of	O
+states	O
+of	O
+complex	O
+systems	O
+with	O
+estimation	O
+of	O
+admissible	B-KEY
+measurement	I-KEY
+errors	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	O
+information	O
+The	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+states	O
+of	O
+complex	O
+systems	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	O
+values	O
+of	O
+informative	B-KEY
+attributes	I-KEY
+is	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+Some	O
+estimates	O
+of	O
+a	O
+maximally	O
+admissible	O
+degree	O
+of	O
+measurement	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+are	O
+obtained	O
+that	O
+make	O
+it	O
+possible	O
+,	O
+using	O
+the	O
+apparatus	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+,	O
+to	O
+correctly	O
+identify	O
+the	O
+current	O
+state	O
+of	O
+a	O
+system	O
+
+Iterative	B-KEY
+regularized	I-KEY
+least-mean	I-KEY
+mixed-norm	I-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+restoration	I-KEY
+We	O
+develop	O
+a	O
+regularized	O
+mixed-norm	O
+image	O
+restoration	O
+algorithm	O
+to	O
+deal	O
+with	O
+various	O
+types	O
+of	O
+noise	B-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+mixed-norm	B-KEY
+functional	I-KEY
+is	O
+introduced	O
+,	O
+which	O
+combines	O
+the	O
+least	O
+mean	O
+square	O
+-LRB-	O
+LMS	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+the	O
+least	O
+mean	O
+fourth	O
+-LRB-	O
+LMF	O
+-RRB-	O
+functionals	O
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+a	O
+smoothing	B-KEY
+functional	I-KEY
+.	O
+Two	O
+regularization	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+are	O
+introduced	O
+:	O
+one	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+importance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+LMS	O
+and	O
+LMF	O
+functionals	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+a	O
+function	O
+of	O
+the	O
+kurtosis	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+another	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+importance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+smoothing	B-KEY
+functional	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+two	O
+parameters	O
+are	O
+chosen	O
+in	O
+such	O
+a	O
+way	O
+that	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+functional	O
+is	O
+convex	O
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+a	O
+unique	B-KEY
+minimizer	I-KEY
+exists	O
+.	O
+An	O
+iterative	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+is	O
+utilized	O
+for	O
+obtaining	O
+the	O
+solution	O
+,	O
+and	O
+its	O
+convergence	B-KEY
+is	O
+analyzed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+novelty	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+that	O
+no	O
+knowledge	O
+of	O
+the	O
+noise	B-KEY
+distribution	O
+is	O
+required	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+contributions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+LMS	O
+,	O
+the	O
+LMF	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+smoothing	O
+functionals	O
+are	O
+adjusted	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+partially	O
+restored	O
+image	O
+.	O
+Experimental	O
+results	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+
+IT	O
+as	O
+a	O
+key	O
+enabler	O
+to	O
+law	B-KEY
+firm	I-KEY
+competitiveness	O
+Professional	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
+firms	I-KEY
+have	O
+traditionally	O
+been	O
+able	O
+to	O
+thrive	O
+in	O
+virtually	O
+any	O
+market	O
+conditions	O
+.	O
+They	O
+have	O
+been	O
+consistently	O
+successful	O
+for	O
+several	O
+decades	O
+without	O
+ever	O
+needing	O
+to	O
+reexamine	O
+or	O
+change	O
+their	O
+basic	O
+operating	O
+model	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+gradual	O
+but	O
+inexorable	O
+change	O
+in	O
+client	B-KEY
+expectations	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+business	B-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+over	O
+recent	O
+years	O
+now	O
+means	O
+that	O
+more	O
+of	O
+the	O
+same	O
+is	O
+no	O
+longer	O
+enough	O
+.	O
+In	O
+future	O
+,	O
+law	B-KEY
+firms	I-KEY
+will	O
+increasingly	O
+need	O
+to	O
+exploit	O
+IT	O
+more	O
+effectively	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+remain	O
+competitive	O
+.	O
+To	O
+do	O
+this	O
+,	O
+they	O
+will	O
+need	O
+to	O
+ensure	O
+that	O
+all	O
+their	O
+information	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+function	O
+as	O
+an	O
+integrated	O
+whole	O
+and	O
+are	O
+available	O
+to	O
+their	O
+staff	O
+,	O
+clients	O
+and	O
+business	O
+partners	O
+.	O
+The	O
+authors	O
+set	O
+out	O
+the	O
+lessons	O
+to	O
+be	O
+learned	O
+for	O
+law	B-KEY
+firms	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+light	O
+of	O
+the	O
+recent	O
+PA	O
+Consulting	O
+survey	O
+
+Entrepreneurs	B-KEY
+in	I-KEY
+Action	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+Web-case	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+Much	O
+of	O
+the	O
+traditional	B-KEY
+schooling	I-KEY
+in	O
+America	B-KEY
+is	O
+built	O
+around	O
+systems	O
+of	O
+compliance	O
+and	O
+control	O
+,	O
+characteristics	O
+which	O
+stifle	O
+the	O
+creative	O
+and	O
+entrepreneurial	B-KEY
+instincts	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+children	O
+who	O
+are	O
+subjected	O
+to	O
+these	O
+tactics	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+explores	O
+a	O
+different	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+education	O
+,	O
+one	O
+that	O
+involves	O
+capturing	O
+the	O
+interest	O
+of	O
+the	O
+student	O
+through	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+problem	O
+and	O
+project-based	B-KEY
+instruction	I-KEY
+delivered	O
+via	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+.	O
+Called	O
+Entrepreneurs	B-KEY
+in	I-KEY
+Action	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+program	O
+seeks	O
+to	O
+involve	O
+students	O
+in	O
+a	O
+problem	O
+at	O
+the	O
+outset	O
+and	O
+to	O
+promote	O
+the	O
+learning	O
+of	O
+traditional	B-KEY
+subject	I-KEY
+areas	I-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+process	O
+of	O
+the	O
+problem-solving	B-KEY
+activities	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+undertaken	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+'s	O
+details	O
+are	O
+explained	O
+,	O
+from	O
+elementary	B-KEY
+school	I-KEY
+through	O
+university	B-KEY
+level	I-KEY
+courses	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+authors	O
+outline	O
+their	O
+plans	O
+to	O
+test	O
+the	O
+efficacy	O
+of	O
+the	O
+program	O
+at	O
+each	O
+level	O
+
+A	O
+0.8-V	O
+128-kb	O
+four-way	O
+set-associative	O
+two-level	B-KEY
+CMOS	I-KEY
+cache	I-KEY
+memory	I-KEY
+using	O
+two-stage	O
+wordline/bitline-oriented	B-KEY
+tag-compare	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+WLOTC/BLOTC	O
+-RRB-	O
+scheme	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+reports	O
+a	O
+0.8-V	O
+128-kb	O
+four-way	O
+set-associative	O
+two-level	B-KEY
+CMOS	I-KEY
+cache	I-KEY
+memory	I-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+two-stage	O
+wordline/bitline-oriented	B-KEY
+tag-compare	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+WLOTC/BLOTC	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+sense	O
+wordline/bitline	O
+-LRB-	O
+SWL/SBL	O
+-RRB-	O
+tag-sense	B-KEY
+amplifiers	I-KEY
+with	O
+an	O
+eight-transistor	O
+-LRB-	O
+8-T	O
+-RRB-	O
+tag	O
+cell	O
+in	O
+Level	O
+2	O
+-LRB-	O
+L2	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+a	O
+10-T	O
+shrunk	O
+logic	O
+swing	O
+-LRB-	O
+SLS	O
+-RRB-	O
+memory	O
+cell	O
+.	O
+with	O
+the	O
+ground/floating	O
+-LRB-	O
+G/F	O
+-RRB-	O
+data	O
+sense	O
+amplifier	O
+in	O
+Level	O
+1	O
+-LRB-	O
+L1	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+high-speed	B-KEY
+operation	I-KEY
+for	O
+low-voltage	O
+low-power	B-KEY
+VLSI	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+.	O
+Owing	O
+to	O
+the	O
+reduced	O
+loading	O
+at	O
+the	O
+SWL	O
+in	O
+the	O
+new	O
+11-T	O
+tag	O
+cell	O
+using	O
+the	O
+WLOTC	O
+scheme	O
+,	O
+the	O
+10-T	O
+SLS	O
+memory	O
+cell	O
+with	O
+G/F	O
+sense	O
+amplifier	O
+in	O
+L1	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+split	O
+comparison	O
+of	O
+the	O
+index	O
+signal	O
+in	O
+the	O
+8-T	O
+tag	O
+cells	O
+with	O
+SWL/SBL	O
+tag	O
+sense	O
+amplifiers	O
+in	O
+L2	O
+,	O
+this	O
+0.8-V	O
+cache	O
+memory	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+a	O
+1.8-V	O
+0.18	O
+-	O
+mu	O
+m	O
+CMOS	O
+technology	O
+has	O
+a	O
+measured	O
+L1/L2	O
+hit	O
+time	O
+of	O
+11.6	O
+/	O
+20.5	B-KEY
+ns	I-KEY
+at	O
+the	O
+average	O
+dissipation	O
+of	O
+0.77	B-KEY
+mW	I-KEY
+at	O
+50	B-KEY
+MHz	I-KEY
+
+The	O
+Bagsik	B-KEY
+Oscillator	I-KEY
+without	O
+complex	O
+numbers	O
+We	O
+argue	O
+that	O
+the	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+so-called	O
+Bagsik	B-KEY
+Oscillator	I-KEY
+,	O
+recently	O
+published	O
+by	O
+Piotrowski	O
+and	O
+Sladkowski	O
+-LRB-	O
+2001	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+is	O
+erroneous	O
+due	O
+to	O
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+the	O
+incorrect	B-KEY
+banking	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+used	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+mechanism	I-KEY
+apparatus	I-KEY
+to	O
+processes	O
+that	O
+are	O
+totally	O
+deterministic	O
+
+Time-varying	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+renal	B-KEY
+autoregulatory	I-KEY
+mechanisms	I-KEY
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+assess	O
+the	O
+possible	O
+time-varying	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+renal	O
+autoregulation	O
+,	O
+time-frequency	O
+and	O
+time-scaling	O
+methods	O
+were	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+renal	O
+blood	O
+flow	O
+under	O
+broad-band	B-KEY
+forced	I-KEY
+arterial	I-KEY
+blood	I-KEY
+pressure	I-KEY
+fluctuations	I-KEY
+and	O
+single-nephron	B-KEY
+renal	O
+blood	O
+flow	O
+with	O
+spontaneous	O
+oscillations	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+normotensive	O
+-LRB-	O
+Sprague-Dawley	O
+,	O
+Wistar	O
+,	O
+and	O
+Long-Evans	O
+-RRB-	O
+rats	O
+,	O
+and	O
+spontaneously	O
+hypertensive	O
+rats	O
+.	O
+Time-frequency	O
+analyses	O
+of	O
+normotensive	O
+and	O
+hypertensive	O
+blood	O
+flow	O
+data	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+either	O
+the	O
+whole	B-KEY
+kidney	I-KEY
+or	O
+the	O
+single-nephron	B-KEY
+show	O
+that	O
+indeed	O
+both	O
+the	O
+myogenic	O
+and	O
+tubuloglomerular	O
+feedback	O
+-LRB-	O
+TGF	O
+-RRB-	O
+mechanisms	O
+have	O
+time-varying	O
+characteristics	O
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+we	O
+utilized	O
+the	O
+Renyi	B-KEY
+entropy	I-KEY
+to	O
+measure	O
+the	O
+complexity	O
+of	O
+blood-flow	O
+dynamics	O
+in	O
+the	O
+time-frequency	O
+plane	O
+in	O
+an	O
+effort	O
+to	O
+discern	O
+differences	O
+between	O
+normotensive	O
+and	O
+hypertensive	O
+recordings	O
+.	O
+We	O
+found	O
+a	O
+clear	O
+difference	O
+in	O
+Renyi	B-KEY
+entropy	I-KEY
+between	O
+normotensive	O
+and	O
+hypertensive	O
+blood	O
+flow	O
+recordings	O
+at	O
+the	O
+whole	B-KEY
+kidney	I-KEY
+level	O
+for	O
+both	O
+forced	O
+-LRB-	O
+p	O
+<	O
+0.037	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+spontaneous	B-KEY
+arterial	I-KEY
+pressure	I-KEY
+fluctuations	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+p	O
+<	O
+0.033	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+and	O
+at	O
+the	O
+single-nephron	B-KEY
+level	O
+-LRB-	O
+p	O
+<	O
+0.008	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Especially	O
+at	O
+the	O
+single-nephron	B-KEY
+level	O
+,	O
+the	O
+mean	O
+Renyi	B-KEY
+entropy	I-KEY
+is	O
+significantly	O
+larger	O
+for	O
+hypertensive	O
+than	O
+normotensive	B-KEY
+rats	I-KEY
+,	O
+suggesting	O
+more	O
+complex	O
+dynamics	O
+in	O
+the	O
+hypertensive	O
+condition	O
+.	O
+To	O
+further	O
+evaluate	O
+whether	O
+or	O
+not	O
+the	O
+separation	O
+of	O
+dynamics	O
+between	O
+normotensive	O
+and	O
+hypertensive	B-KEY
+rats	I-KEY
+is	O
+found	O
+in	O
+the	O
+prescribed	O
+frequency	O
+ranges	O
+of	O
+the	O
+myogenic	O
+and	O
+TGF	O
+mechanisms	O
+,	O
+we	O
+employed	O
+multiresolution	O
+wavelet	O
+transform	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+analysis	O
+revealed	O
+that	O
+exclusively	O
+over	O
+scale	O
+ranges	O
+corresponding	O
+to	O
+the	O
+frequency	O
+intervals	O
+of	O
+the	O
+myogenic	O
+and	O
+TGF	O
+mechanisms	O
+,	O
+the	O
+widths	O
+of	O
+the	O
+blood	O
+flow	O
+wavelet	O
+coefficients	O
+fall	O
+into	O
+disjoint	O
+sets	O
+for	O
+normotensive	O
+and	O
+hypertensive	B-KEY
+rats	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+separation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+scales	O
+at	O
+the	O
+myogenic	O
+and	O
+TGF	O
+frequency	O
+ranges	O
+is	O
+distinct	O
+and	O
+obtained	O
+with	O
+100	O
+%	O
+accuracy	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+this	O
+observation	O
+remains	O
+valid	O
+only	O
+for	O
+the	O
+whole	B-KEY
+kidney	I-KEY
+blood	O
+pressure/flow	O
+data	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+suggest	O
+that	O
+understanding	O
+of	O
+the	O
+time-varying	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+two	O
+mechanisms	O
+is	O
+required	O
+for	O
+a	O
+complete	O
+description	O
+of	O
+renal	O
+autoregulation	O
+
+The	O
+Open	B-KEY
+Archives	I-KEY
+Initiative	I-KEY
+:	O
+realizing	O
+simple	O
+and	O
+effective	O
+digital	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+interoperability	I-KEY
+The	O
+Open	B-KEY
+Archives	I-KEY
+Initiative	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+OAI	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+dedicated	O
+to	O
+solving	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+digital	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+interoperability	I-KEY
+.	O
+Its	O
+focus	O
+has	O
+been	O
+on	O
+defining	O
+simple	O
+protocols	B-KEY
+,	O
+most	O
+recently	O
+for	O
+the	O
+exchange	O
+of	O
+metadata	O
+from	O
+archives	O
+.	O
+The	O
+OAI	O
+evolved	O
+out	O
+of	O
+a	O
+need	O
+to	O
+increase	O
+access	O
+to	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+publications	I-KEY
+by	O
+supporting	O
+the	O
+creation	O
+of	O
+interoperable	O
+digital	O
+libraries	O
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+first	O
+step	O
+towards	O
+such	O
+interoperability	O
+,	O
+a	O
+metadata	B-KEY
+harvesting	I-KEY
+protocol	I-KEY
+was	O
+developed	O
+to	O
+support	O
+the	O
+streaming	O
+of	O
+metadata	O
+from	O
+one	O
+repository	O
+to	O
+another	O
+,	O
+ultimately	O
+to	O
+a	O
+provider	O
+of	O
+user	O
+services	O
+such	O
+as	O
+browsing	O
+,	O
+searching	O
+,	O
+or	O
+annotation	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+provides	O
+an	O
+overview	O
+of	O
+the	O
+mission	O
+,	O
+philosophy	O
+,	O
+and	O
+technical	O
+framework	O
+of	O
+the	O
+OAI	O
+
+Linear	B-KEY
+models	O
+of	O
+circuits	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+multivalued	O
+components	O
+Linearization	B-KEY
+and	O
+planarization	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+circuit	O
+models	O
+is	O
+pivotal	O
+to	O
+the	O
+submicron	B-KEY
+technologies	I-KEY
+.	O
+On	O
+the	O
+other	O
+hand	O
+,	O
+the	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+VLSI	B-KEY
+circuits	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+sometimes	O
+improved	O
+by	O
+using	O
+the	O
+multivalued	O
+components	O
+.	O
+It	O
+was	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+any	O
+l-level	O
+circuit	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+multivalued	O
+components	O
+is	O
+representable	O
+as	O
+an	O
+algebraic	O
+model	O
+based	O
+on	O
+l	O
+linear	B-KEY
+arithmetic	O
+polynomials	O
+mapped	O
+correspondingly	O
+into	O
+l	O
+decision	O
+diagrams	O
+that	O
+are	O
+linear	O
+and	O
+planar	O
+by	O
+nature	O
+.	O
+Complexity	O
+of	O
+representing	O
+a	O
+circuit	O
+as	O
+the	O
+linear	B-KEY
+decision	O
+diagram	O
+was	O
+estimated	O
+as	O
+O	O
+-LRB-	O
+G	O
+-RRB-	O
+with	O
+G	O
+for	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+multivalued	O
+components	O
+in	O
+the	O
+circuit	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+of	O
+testing	O
+the	O
+LinearDesignMV	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+on	O
+circuits	O
+of	O
+more	O
+than	O
+8000	O
+LGSynth	B-KEY
+93	I-KEY
+multivalued	I-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+were	O
+presented	O
+
+Modularity	B-KEY
+in	O
+technology	B-KEY
+and	O
+organization	B-KEY
+The	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+an	O
+attempt	O
+to	O
+raid	O
+both	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+on	O
+modular	B-KEY
+design	O
+and	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+on	O
+property	B-KEY
+rights	I-KEY
+to	O
+create	O
+the	O
+outlines	O
+of	O
+a	O
+modularity	B-KEY
+theory	O
+of	O
+the	O
+firm	O
+.	O
+Such	O
+a	O
+theory	O
+will	O
+look	O
+at	O
+firms	O
+,	O
+and	O
+other	O
+organizations	B-KEY
+,	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+the	O
+partitioning	O
+of	O
+rights-understood	O
+as	O
+protected	O
+spheres	O
+of	O
+authority-among	O
+cooperating	B-KEY
+parties	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+will	O
+assert	O
+that	O
+organizations	B-KEY
+reflect	O
+nonmodular	B-KEY
+structures	I-KEY
+,	O
+that	O
+is	O
+,	O
+structures	O
+in	O
+which	O
+decision	B-KEY
+rights	I-KEY
+,	O
+rights	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+alienation	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+residual	O
+claims	O
+to	O
+income	O
+do	O
+not	O
+all	O
+reside	O
+in	O
+the	O
+same	O
+hands	O
+
+The	O
+use	O
+of	O
+the	O
+SPSA	O
+method	O
+in	O
+ECG	O
+analysis	O
+The	O
+classification	O
+,	O
+monitoring	O
+,	O
+and	O
+compression	O
+of	O
+electrocardiogram	O
+-LRB-	O
+ECG	O
+-RRB-	O
+signals	O
+recorded	O
+of	O
+a	O
+single	O
+patient	O
+over	O
+a	O
+relatively	O
+long	O
+period	O
+of	O
+time	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+The	O
+particular	O
+application	O
+we	O
+have	O
+in	O
+mind	O
+is	O
+high-resolution	O
+ECG	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+late	O
+potential	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+morphology	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+QRS	O
+during	O
+arrythmias	O
+,	O
+T-wave	O
+alternants	O
+,	O
+or	O
+the	O
+study	O
+of	O
+drug	O
+effects	O
+on	O
+ventricular	O
+activation	O
+.	O
+We	O
+propose	O
+to	O
+apply	O
+a	O
+modification	O
+of	O
+a	O
+classical	O
+method	O
+of	O
+cluster	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+or	O
+vector	O
+quantization	O
+.	O
+The	O
+novelty	O
+of	O
+our	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+that	O
+we	O
+use	O
+a	O
+new	O
+distortion	B-KEY
+measure	I-KEY
+to	O
+quantify	O
+the	O
+distance	O
+of	O
+two	O
+ECG	B-KEY
+cycles	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+class-distortion	O
+measure	O
+is	O
+defined	O
+using	O
+a	O
+min-max	O
+criterion	O
+.	O
+The	O
+new	O
+class-distortion-measure	B-KEY
+is	O
+much	O
+more	O
+sensitive	O
+to	O
+outliers	O
+than	O
+the	O
+usual	O
+distortion	B-KEY
+measures	I-KEY
+using	O
+average-distance	O
+.	O
+The	O
+price	O
+of	O
+this	O
+practical	O
+advantage	O
+is	O
+that	O
+computational	O
+complexity	O
+is	O
+significantly	O
+increased	O
+.	O
+The	O
+resulting	O
+nonsmooth	B-KEY
+optimization	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+is	O
+solved	O
+by	O
+an	O
+adapted	O
+version	O
+of	O
+the	O
+simultaneous	O
+perturbation	O
+stochastic	O
+approximation	O
+-LRB-	O
+SPSA	O
+-RRB-	O
+method	O
+of	O
+J.	O
+Spall	O
+-LRB-	O
+IEEE	O
+Trans	O
+.	O
+Automat	O
+.	O
+Contr.	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.	O
+37	O
+,	O
+p.	O
+332-41	O
+,	O
+Mar.	O
+1992	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+idea	O
+is	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+a	O
+smooth	O
+approximation	O
+by	O
+a	O
+randomization	B-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+viability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+method	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+on	O
+both	O
+simulated	O
+and	O
+real	O
+data	O
+.	O
+An	O
+experimental	O
+comparison	O
+with	O
+the	O
+widely	O
+used	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+is	O
+given	O
+on	O
+real	O
+data	O
+
+Content	B-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+for	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+books	I-KEY
+:	O
+the	O
+OEBF	B-KEY
+publication	I-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+public	B-KEY
+interest	I-KEY
+participation	I-KEY
+In	O
+the	O
+emerging	O
+world	O
+of	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+publishing	I-KEY
+how	O
+we	O
+create	O
+,	O
+distribute	O
+,	O
+and	O
+read	O
+books	O
+will	O
+be	O
+in	O
+a	O
+large	O
+part	O
+determined	O
+by	O
+an	O
+underlying	O
+framework	O
+of	O
+content	B-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+that	O
+establishes	O
+the	O
+range	O
+of	O
+technological	O
+opportunities	O
+and	O
+constraints	O
+for	O
+publishing	O
+and	O
+reading	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+But	O
+efforts	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+content	B-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+sound	O
+engineering	O
+models	O
+must	O
+skillfully	O
+negotiate	O
+competing	O
+and	O
+sometimes	O
+apparently	O
+irreconcilable	O
+objectives	O
+if	O
+they	O
+are	O
+to	O
+produce	O
+results	O
+relevant	O
+to	O
+the	O
+rapidly	O
+changing	O
+course	O
+of	O
+technology	O
+.	O
+The	O
+Open	O
+eBook	O
+Forum	O
+'s	O
+Publication	O
+Structure	O
+,	O
+an	O
+XML-based	B-KEY
+specification	I-KEY
+for	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+books	I-KEY
+,	O
+is	O
+an	O
+example	O
+of	O
+the	O
+sort	O
+of	O
+timely	O
+and	O
+innovative	O
+problem	O
+solving	O
+required	O
+for	O
+successful	O
+real-world	O
+standards	O
+development	O
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+result	O
+of	O
+this	O
+effort	O
+,	O
+the	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+book	I-KEY
+industry	O
+will	O
+not	O
+only	O
+happen	O
+sooner	O
+and	O
+on	O
+a	O
+larger	O
+scale	O
+than	O
+it	O
+would	O
+have	O
+otherwise	O
+,	O
+but	O
+the	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+books	I-KEY
+it	O
+produces	O
+will	O
+be	O
+more	O
+functional	O
+,	O
+more	O
+interoperable	O
+,	O
+and	O
+more	O
+accessible	O
+to	O
+all	O
+readers	O
+.	O
+Public	B-KEY
+interest	I-KEY
+participants	I-KEY
+have	O
+a	O
+critical	O
+role	O
+in	O
+this	O
+process	O
+
+A	O
+new	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+structural	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+.	O
+II	O
+The	O
+subject	O
+under	O
+discussion	O
+is	O
+a	O
+new	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+structural	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+relies	O
+on	O
+the	O
+recognition	O
+of	O
+a	O
+decisive	O
+role	O
+of	O
+the	O
+human	B-KEY
+factor	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+structural	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+.	O
+Potential	O
+possibilities	O
+of	O
+the	O
+suggested	O
+approach	O
+are	O
+illustrated	O
+by	O
+the	O
+statement	O
+of	O
+a	O
+new	O
+mathematical	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+structural	B-KEY
+identification	I-KEY
+
+Learning	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+relations	I-KEY
+using	O
+an	O
+inductive	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+The	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+learn	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+relations	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+prerequisite	O
+for	O
+performing	O
+many	O
+relevant	O
+tasks	O
+such	O
+as	O
+those	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+motion	O
+,	O
+orientation	O
+,	O
+navigation	O
+,	O
+etc.	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+reports	O
+on	O
+using	O
+an	O
+Inductive	O
+Logic	O
+Programming	O
+-LRB-	O
+ILP	O
+-RRB-	O
+system	O
+for	O
+learning	O
+function-free	B-KEY
+Horn-clause	I-KEY
+descriptions	I-KEY
+of	O
+spatial	O
+knowledge	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+main	O
+contribution	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+is	O
+to	O
+show	O
+that	O
+an	O
+existing	O
+relation	O
+between	O
+two	O
+reference	O
+systems-the	O
+speaker-relative	O
+and	O
+the	O
+absolute-can	O
+be	O
+automatically	O
+learned	O
+by	O
+an	O
+ILP	O
+system	O
+,	O
+given	O
+the	O
+proper	O
+background	O
+knowledge	O
+and	O
+positive	O
+examples	O
+
+The	O
+variance	O
+of	O
+firm	B-KEY
+growth	I-KEY
+rates	I-KEY
+:	O
+the	O
+`	O
+scaling	O
+'	O
+puzzle	O
+Recent	O
+evidence	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+a	O
+power-law	B-KEY
+relationship	O
+exists	O
+between	O
+a	O
+firm	O
+'s	O
+size	O
+and	O
+the	O
+variance	O
+of	O
+its	O
+growth	O
+rate	O
+.	O
+The	O
+flatness	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+relation	O
+is	O
+regarded	O
+as	O
+puzzling	O
+,	O
+in	O
+that	O
+it	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+large	O
+firms	O
+are	O
+not	O
+much	O
+more	O
+stable	O
+than	O
+small	O
+firms	O
+.	O
+It	O
+has	O
+been	O
+suggested	O
+that	O
+the	O
+powerlaw	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+relationship	O
+reflects	O
+the	O
+presence	O
+of	O
+some	O
+form	O
+of	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+of	O
+growth	O
+rates	O
+across	O
+the	O
+firm	O
+'s	O
+constituent	B-KEY
+businesses	I-KEY
+.	O
+Here	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+a	O
+model	O
+of	O
+independent	O
+businesses	O
+which	O
+allows	O
+for	O
+the	O
+fact	O
+that	O
+these	O
+businesses	O
+vary	O
+in	O
+size	O
+,	O
+as	O
+modelled	O
+by	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+`	O
+partitions	O
+of	O
+integers	O
+'	O
+model	O
+,	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+good	O
+representation	O
+of	O
+what	O
+is	O
+observed	O
+empirically	O
+
+Motion	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+using	O
+modified	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+A	O
+new	O
+method	O
+for	O
+computing	O
+precise	B-KEY
+estimates	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+motion	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+field	I-KEY
+of	O
+moving	B-KEY
+objects	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+sequence	O
+of	O
+images	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+Correspondence	O
+vector-field	B-KEY
+computation	I-KEY
+is	O
+formulated	O
+as	O
+a	O
+matching	B-KEY
+optimization	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+for	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+is	O
+a	O
+heuristic	B-KEY
+modification	I-KEY
+of	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+applied	O
+to	O
+the	O
+2-D	B-KEY
+optimization	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+.	O
+Motion-vector-field	O
+estimates	O
+using	O
+real	B-KEY
+movie	I-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+demonstrate	O
+good	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+algorithm	B-KEY
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+motion	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+
+More	O
+constructions	O
+for	O
+Boolean	B-KEY
+algebras	I-KEY
+We	O
+construct	O
+Boolean	B-KEY
+algebras	I-KEY
+with	O
+prescribed	B-KEY
+behaviour	I-KEY
+concerning	O
+depth	O
+for	O
+the	O
+free	B-KEY
+product	I-KEY
+of	O
+two	O
+Boolean	B-KEY
+algebras	I-KEY
+over	O
+a	O
+third	O
+,	O
+in	O
+ZFC	B-KEY
+using	O
+pcf	O
+;	O
+assuming	O
+squares	O
+we	O
+get	O
+results	O
+on	O
+ultraproducts	B-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+deal	O
+with	O
+the	O
+family	O
+of	O
+cardinalities	O
+and	O
+topological	O
+density	O
+of	O
+homomorphic	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+of	O
+Boolean	B-KEY
+algebras	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+you	O
+can	O
+translate	O
+it	O
+to	O
+topology-on	O
+the	O
+cardinalities	O
+of	O
+closed	O
+subspaces	O
+-RRB-	O
+;	O
+and	O
+lastly	O
+we	O
+deal	O
+with	O
+inequalities	O
+between	O
+cardinal	B-KEY
+invariants	I-KEY
+,	O
+mainly	O
+d	O
+-LRB-	O
+B	O
+-RRB-	O
+/	O
+sup	O
+kappa	O
+/	O
+<	O
+|	O
+B	O
+|	O
+implies	O
+ind	O
+-LRB-	O
+B	O
+-RRB-	O
+>	O
+/	O
+sup	O
+kappa	O
+/	O
+V	O
+Depth	O
+-LRB-	O
+B	O
+-RRB-	O
+>	O
+or	O
+=	O
+log	O
+-LRB-	O
+|	O
+B	O
+|	O
+-RRB-	O
+
+Factors	O
+contributing	O
+to	O
+preservice	O
+teachers	O
+'	O
+discomfort	O
+in	O
+a	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+course	I-KEY
+structured	O
+as	O
+an	O
+inquiry	O
+A	O
+report	O
+is	O
+given	O
+of	O
+a	O
+qualitative	B-KEY
+emergent	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+study	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+Science	O
+,	O
+Technology	O
+,	O
+Society	O
+Interaction	O
+-LRB-	O
+STS	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+Web-enhanced	B-KEY
+course	I-KEY
+.	O
+Students	O
+'	O
+discomfort	O
+during	O
+the	O
+pilot	O
+test	O
+provided	O
+insight	O
+into	O
+the	O
+intellectual	B-KEY
+scaffolding	I-KEY
+that	O
+preservice	B-KEY
+secondary	I-KEY
+science	I-KEY
+teachers	I-KEY
+needed	O
+to	O
+optimize	O
+their	O
+performance	O
+when	O
+required	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+understanding	O
+through	O
+open-ended	B-KEY
+inquiry	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+Web	B-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+.	O
+Eight	O
+factors	O
+identified	O
+contributed	O
+to	O
+student	B-KEY
+discomfort	I-KEY
+:	O
+computer	B-KEY
+skills	I-KEY
+,	O
+paradigm	B-KEY
+shifts	I-KEY
+,	O
+trust	B-KEY
+,	O
+time	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+,	O
+thinking	B-KEY
+about	O
+their	O
+own	O
+thinking	B-KEY
+,	O
+systematic	B-KEY
+inquiry	I-KEY
+,	O
+self-assessment	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+scientific	B-KEY
+discourse	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+factors	O
+suggested	O
+developing	O
+understanding	O
+through	O
+inquiry	O
+by	O
+conducting	O
+a	O
+self-designed	O
+,	O
+open-ended	O
+,	O
+systematic	B-KEY
+inquiry	I-KEY
+required	O
+autonomous	B-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+involving	O
+metacognitive	B-KEY
+skills	I-KEY
+and	O
+time	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+skills	O
+.	O
+To	O
+the	O
+extent	O
+in	O
+which	O
+students	O
+either	O
+came	O
+into	O
+the	O
+course	O
+with	O
+this	O
+scaffolding	O
+,	O
+or	O
+developed	O
+it	O
+during	O
+the	O
+course	O
+,	O
+they	O
+were	O
+successful	O
+in	O
+learning	O
+about	O
+STS	B-KEY
+and	O
+its	O
+relationship	O
+to	O
+science	B-KEY
+teaching	I-KEY
+.	O
+Changes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+site	O
+made	O
+to	O
+accommodate	O
+learners	O
+'	O
+needs	O
+as	O
+they	O
+surfaced	O
+are	O
+described	O
+
+Computational	O
+finite-element	O
+schemes	O
+for	O
+optimal	O
+control	O
+of	O
+an	O
+elliptic	O
+system	O
+with	O
+conjugation	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+New	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+are	O
+considered	O
+for	O
+distributed	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+described	O
+by	O
+elliptic	B-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+with	O
+conjugate	B-KEY
+conditions	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+quadratic	B-KEY
+minimized	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+.	O
+Highly	O
+accurate	O
+computational	B-KEY
+discretization	I-KEY
+schemes	I-KEY
+are	O
+constructed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+case	O
+where	O
+a	O
+feasible	O
+control	O
+set	O
+u/sub	O
+delta	O
+/	O
+coincides	O
+with	O
+the	O
+full	O
+Hilbert	O
+space	O
+u	O
+of	O
+controls	O
+
+Efficient	O
+two-level	O
+image	B-KEY
+thresholding	I-KEY
+method	O
+based	O
+on	O
+Bayesian	O
+formulation	O
+and	O
+the	O
+maximum	O
+entropy	O
+principle	O
+An	O
+efficient	O
+method	O
+for	O
+two-level	O
+thresholding	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Bayes	O
+formula	O
+and	O
+the	O
+maximum	O
+entropy	B-KEY
+principle	O
+,	O
+in	O
+which	O
+no	O
+assumptions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+image	O
+histogram	O
+are	O
+made	O
+.	O
+An	O
+alternative	O
+criterion	O
+is	O
+derived	O
+based	O
+on	O
+maximizing	O
+entropy	B-KEY
+and	O
+used	O
+for	O
+speeding	O
+up	O
+the	O
+searching	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+.	O
+Five	O
+forms	O
+of	O
+conditional	O
+probability	O
+distributions-simple	O
+,	O
+linear	O
+,	O
+parabola	B-KEY
+concave	I-KEY
+,	O
+parabola	B-KEY
+convex	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+S-function-are	O
+employed	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+to	O
+each	O
+other	O
+for	O
+optimal	O
+threshold	O
+determination	O
+.	O
+The	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+precision	O
+on	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+threshold	I-KEY
+determination	I-KEY
+is	O
+discussed	O
+and	O
+a	O
+trade-off	B-KEY
+precision	I-KEY
+epsilon	O
+=	O
+0.001	O
+is	O
+selected	O
+experimentally	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+experiments	O
+demonstrate	O
+that	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+achieves	O
+a	O
+significant	O
+improvement	O
+in	O
+speed	O
+from	O
+26	O
+to	O
+57	O
+times	O
+faster	O
+than	O
+the	O
+exhaustive	O
+search	O
+method	O
+
+Novel	O
+ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+derived	O
+from	O
+molecular	O
+topology	O
+and	O
+their	O
+application	O
+to	O
+QSAR	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+We	O
+introduce	O
+several	O
+series	O
+of	O
+novel	O
+ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+derived	O
+directly	O
+from	O
+two-dimensional	B-KEY
+molecular	I-KEY
+topology	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+descriptors	O
+make	O
+use	O
+of	O
+a	O
+quantity	O
+named	O
+ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
+correction	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+added	O
+to	O
+the	O
+vertex	B-KEY
+degrees	I-KEY
+of	O
+atoms	O
+connected	O
+by	O
+double	O
+bonds	O
+in	O
+Z	O
+and	O
+E	O
+configurations	O
+.	O
+This	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+similar	O
+to	O
+the	O
+one	O
+described	O
+previously	O
+for	O
+topological	O
+chirality	O
+descriptors	O
+-LRB-	O
+Golbraikh	O
+,	O
+A.	O
+,	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+.	O
+J.	O
+Chem	O
+.	O
+Inf	O
+.	O
+Comput	O
+.	O
+Sci	O
+.	O
+2001	O
+,	O
+41	O
+,	O
+147-158	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+include	O
+modified	B-KEY
+molecular	I-KEY
+connectivity	I-KEY
+indices	I-KEY
+,	O
+overall	B-KEY
+Zagreb	I-KEY
+indices	I-KEY
+,	O
+extended	B-KEY
+connectivity	I-KEY
+,	O
+overall	B-KEY
+connectivity	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+topological	B-KEY
+charge	I-KEY
+indices	I-KEY
+.	O
+They	O
+can	O
+be	O
+either	O
+real	O
+or	O
+complex	B-KEY
+numbers	I-KEY
+.	O
+Mathematical	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+different	O
+subgroups	O
+of	O
+ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+are	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+These	O
+descriptors	O
+circumvent	O
+the	O
+inability	O
+of	O
+conventional	O
+topological	O
+indices	O
+to	O
+distinguish	O
+between	O
+Z	O
+and	O
+E	O
+isomers	O
+.	O
+The	O
+applicability	O
+of	O
+ZE-isomerism	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+to	O
+QSAR	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+in	O
+the	O
+studies	O
+of	O
+a	O
+series	O
+of	O
+131	O
+anticancer	B-KEY
+agents	I-KEY
+inhibiting	O
+tubulin	B-KEY
+polymerization	I-KEY
+
+The	O
+service	B-KEY
+side	I-KEY
+of	O
+systems	B-KEY
+librarianship	I-KEY
+Describes	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+a	O
+systems	O
+librarian	O
+at	O
+a	O
+small	B-KEY
+academic	I-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+.	O
+Although	O
+online	B-KEY
+catalogs	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+are	O
+making	O
+library	O
+accessibility	O
+more	O
+convenient	O
+,	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+library	O
+buildings	O
+and	O
+professionals	O
+has	O
+not	O
+diminished	O
+.	O
+Typical	O
+duties	O
+of	O
+a	O
+systems	O
+librarian	O
+and	O
+the	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+new	O
+technology	O
+on	O
+librarianship	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+Services	O
+provided	O
+to	O
+other	O
+constituencies	O
+on	O
+campus	O
+and	O
+the	O
+blurring	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+library	O
+and	O
+computer	O
+services	O
+are	O
+also	O
+presented	O
+
+Spam	O
+solution	O
+?	O
+The	O
+author	O
+describes	O
+a	O
+solution	O
+to	O
+spam	B-KEY
+E-mails	I-KEY
+:	O
+disposable	B-KEY
+E-mail	I-KEY
+addresses	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DEA	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Mailshell	B-KEY
+'s	O
+free	O
+trial	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+E-mail	I-KEY
+service	O
+allows	O
+you	O
+,	O
+if	O
+you	O
+start	O
+getting	O
+spammed	O
+on	O
+that	O
+DEA	O
+,	O
+just	O
+to	O
+delete	O
+the	O
+DEA	O
+in	O
+Mailshell	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+all	O
+E-mail	O
+thereafter	O
+sent	O
+to	O
+that	O
+address	O
+will	O
+automatically	O
+be	O
+junked	O
+-LRB-	O
+though	O
+you	O
+can	O
+later	O
+restore	O
+that	O
+address	O
+if	O
+you	O
+want	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Mailshell	B-KEY
+allows	O
+any	O
+number	O
+of	O
+DEA	O
+
+Multiple	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+adaptive	I-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+with	O
+filter	B-KEY
+spawning	I-KEY
+Multiple	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+adaptive	I-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MMAE	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+with	O
+filter	B-KEY
+spawning	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+detect	O
+and	O
+estimate	O
+partial	B-KEY
+actuator	I-KEY
+failures	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+VISTA	B-KEY
+F-16	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+truth	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+full	O
+six-degree-of-freedom	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+provided	O
+by	O
+Calspan	B-KEY
+and	O
+General	B-KEY
+Dynamics	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+design	O
+models	O
+are	O
+chosen	O
+as	O
+13-state	O
+linearized	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+,	O
+including	O
+first	O
+order	O
+actuator	O
+models	O
+.	O
+Actuator	O
+failures	O
+are	O
+incorporated	O
+into	O
+the	O
+truth	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+and	O
+design	O
+model	O
+assuming	O
+a	O
+``	O
+failure	O
+to	O
+free	O
+stream	O
+.	O
+''	O
+Filter	B-KEY
+spawning	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+include	O
+additional	O
+filters	O
+with	O
+partial	B-KEY
+actuator	I-KEY
+failure	I-KEY
+hypotheses	O
+into	O
+the	O
+MMAE	B-KEY
+bank	O
+.	O
+The	O
+spawned	O
+filters	O
+are	O
+based	O
+on	O
+varying	O
+degrees	O
+of	O
+partial	B-KEY
+failures	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+effectiveness	O
+-RRB-	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+the	O
+complete-actuaton-failure	O
+hypothesis	O
+with	O
+the	O
+highest	O
+conditional	B-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+of	O
+correctness	O
+at	O
+the	O
+current	O
+time	O
+.	O
+Thus	O
+,	O
+a	O
+blended	O
+estimate	O
+of	O
+the	O
+failure	O
+effectiveness	O
+is	O
+found	O
+using	O
+the	O
+filters	O
+'	O
+estimates	O
+based	O
+upon	O
+a	O
+no-failure	B-KEY
+hypothesis	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+complete	O
+actuator	O
+failure	O
+hypothesis	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+spawned	O
+filters	O
+'	O
+partial-failure	O
+hypotheses	O
+.	O
+This	O
+yields	O
+substantial	O
+precision	O
+in	O
+effectiveness	O
+estimation	O
+,	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+what	O
+is	O
+possible	O
+without	O
+spawning	O
+additional	O
+filters	O
+,	O
+making	O
+partial	B-KEY
+failure	I-KEY
+adaptation	O
+a	O
+viable	O
+methodology	O
+
+Product	O
+and	O
+process	O
+innovations	O
+in	O
+the	O
+life	O
+cycle	O
+of	O
+an	O
+industry	O
+Filson	O
+-LRB-	O
+2001	O
+-RRB-	O
+uses	O
+industry-level	O
+data	O
+on	O
+firm	O
+numbers	O
+,	O
+price	O
+,	O
+quantity	O
+and	O
+quality	O
+along	O
+with	O
+an	O
+equilibrium	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+industry	B-KEY
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+to	O
+estimate	O
+the	O
+nature	O
+and	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+quality	O
+and	O
+cost	O
+improvements	O
+in	O
+the	O
+personal	O
+computer	O
+industry	O
+and	O
+four	O
+other	O
+new	O
+industries	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+studies	O
+the	O
+personal	O
+computer	O
+industry	O
+in	O
+more	O
+detail	O
+and	O
+shows	O
+that	O
+the	O
+model	O
+explains	O
+some	O
+peculiar	O
+patterns	O
+that	O
+can	O
+not	O
+be	O
+explained	O
+by	O
+previous	O
+life-cycle	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+model	O
+estimates	O
+are	O
+evaluated	O
+using	O
+historical	O
+studies	O
+of	O
+the	O
+evolution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+personal	O
+computer	O
+industry	O
+and	O
+patterns	O
+that	O
+require	O
+further	O
+model	O
+development	O
+are	O
+described	O
+
+World	O
+'s	O
+biggest	O
+battery	O
+helps	O
+to	O
+stabilise	O
+Alaska	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+the	O
+author	O
+describes	O
+a	O
+battery	B-KEY
+energy	I-KEY
+storage	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+which	O
+is	O
+under	O
+construction	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+voltage	B-KEY
+compensation	I-KEY
+in	O
+support	O
+of	O
+Alaska	O
+'s	O
+138	B-KEY
+kV	I-KEY
+Northern	O
+Intertie	O
+
+``	O
+Hidden	B-KEY
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+''	O
+of	O
+finite-dimensional	B-KEY
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+linear	I-KEY
+discrete-time	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+under	O
+conical	B-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+New	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+finite-dimensional	O
+linear	O
+discrete-time	O
+systems	O
+under	O
+conical	O
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+constraints	I-KEY
+that	O
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+similar	O
+to	O
+the	O
+``	O
+hidden	B-KEY
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+''	O
+of	O
+continuous-time	O
+systems	O
+are	O
+studied	O
+
+Efficient	O
+computation	O
+of	O
+local	O
+geometric	O
+moments	O
+Local	O
+moments	O
+have	O
+attracted	O
+attention	O
+as	O
+local	B-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+in	O
+applications	O
+such	O
+as	O
+edge	B-KEY
+detection	I-KEY
+and	O
+texture	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+reason	O
+for	O
+this	O
+is	O
+that	O
+they	O
+are	O
+inherently	O
+integral-based	B-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+their	O
+use	O
+reduces	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+uncorrelated	O
+noise	O
+.	O
+The	O
+computation	O
+of	O
+local	O
+moments	O
+,	O
+when	O
+viewed	O
+as	O
+a	O
+neighborhood	B-KEY
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+,	O
+can	O
+be	O
+interpreted	O
+as	O
+a	O
+convolution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+image	O
+with	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+masks	O
+.	O
+Nevertheless	O
+,	O
+moments	O
+computed	O
+inside	O
+overlapping	B-KEY
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+are	O
+not	O
+independent	O
+and	O
+convolution	O
+does	O
+not	O
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+this	O
+fact	O
+into	O
+account	O
+.	O
+By	O
+introducing	O
+a	O
+matrix	B-KEY
+formulation	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+accumulation	B-KEY
+moments	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+an	O
+algorithm	O
+which	O
+is	O
+computationally	O
+much	O
+more	O
+efficient	O
+than	O
+convolving	O
+and	O
+yet	O
+as	O
+simple	O
+
+Effects	O
+of	O
+white	O
+space	O
+in	O
+learning	O
+via	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+This	O
+study	O
+measured	O
+the	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+specific	O
+white	B-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+features	I-KEY
+on	O
+learning	O
+from	O
+instructional	O
+Web	O
+materials	O
+.	O
+The	O
+study	O
+also	O
+measured	O
+learners	O
+'	O
+beliefs	O
+regarding	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+instruction	I-KEY
+.	O
+Prior	O
+research	O
+indicated	O
+that	O
+small	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+handling	O
+of	O
+presentation	B-KEY
+elements	O
+can	O
+affect	O
+learning	O
+.	O
+Achievement	O
+results	O
+from	O
+this	O
+study	O
+indicated	O
+that	O
+in	O
+on-line	O
+materials	O
+,	O
+when	O
+content	O
+and	O
+overall	O
+structure	O
+are	O
+sound	O
+,	O
+minor	O
+differences	O
+regarding	O
+table	B-KEY
+borders	I-KEY
+and	O
+vertical	O
+spacing	O
+in	O
+text	O
+do	O
+not	O
+hinder	O
+learning	O
+.	O
+Beliefs	O
+regarding	O
+Web-based	B-KEY
+instruction	I-KEY
+and	O
+instructors	O
+who	O
+use	O
+it	O
+did	O
+not	O
+differ	O
+significantly	O
+between	O
+treatment	O
+groups	O
+.	O
+Implications	O
+of	O
+the	O
+study	O
+and	O
+cautions	O
+regarding	O
+generalizing	O
+from	O
+the	O
+results	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+
+Press	B-KEY
+shop	I-KEY
+.	O
+Industrial	B-KEY
+IT	I-KEY
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+for	O
+the	O
+press	B-KEY
+shop	I-KEY
+Globalization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+world	O
+'s	O
+markets	O
+is	O
+challenging	O
+the	O
+traditional	O
+limits	O
+of	O
+manufacturing	B-KEY
+efficiency	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+competitive	O
+advantage	O
+belongs	O
+to	O
+those	O
+who	O
+understand	O
+the	O
+new	O
+requirements	O
+and	O
+opportunities	O
+,	O
+and	O
+who	O
+commit	O
+to	O
+integrated	O
+solutions	O
+that	O
+span	O
+the	O
+value	O
+chain	O
+all	O
+the	O
+way	O
+from	O
+demand	O
+to	O
+production	O
+.	O
+ABB	O
+'s	O
+automation	B-KEY
+and	O
+IT	O
+expertise	O
+and	O
+the	O
+process	O
+know-how	O
+gained	O
+from	O
+its	O
+long	O
+involvement	O
+with	O
+the	O
+automotive	O
+industry	O
+,	O
+have	O
+been	O
+brought	O
+together	O
+in	O
+new	O
+,	O
+state-of-the-art	B-KEY
+software	B-KEY
+solutions	I-KEY
+for	O
+press	B-KEY
+shops	I-KEY
+.	O
+Integrated	O
+into	O
+Industrial	O
+IT	O
+architecture	O
+,	O
+they	O
+allow	O
+the	O
+full	O
+potential	O
+of	O
+the	O
+shops	O
+to	O
+be	O
+realized	O
+,	O
+with	O
+advantages	O
+at	O
+every	O
+step	O
+in	O
+the	O
+supply	B-KEY
+chain	I-KEY
+
+Information	O
+architecture	O
+without	O
+internal	B-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+:	O
+an	O
+inductive	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+Information	O
+Architecture	O
+-LRB-	O
+IA	O
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+design	O
+is	O
+primarily	O
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+inductive	O
+process	O
+.	O
+Although	O
+top-level	O
+goals	O
+,	O
+user	O
+attributes	O
+and	O
+available	O
+content	O
+are	O
+periodically	O
+considered	O
+,	O
+the	O
+process	O
+involves	O
+bottom-up	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+activities	I-KEY
+.	O
+IA	O
+is	O
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+partly	O
+because	O
+it	O
+lacks	O
+internal	B-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+partly	O
+because	O
+it	O
+is	O
+an	O
+activity	O
+that	O
+supports	O
+emergent	B-KEY
+phenomena	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+user	B-KEY
+experiences	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+from	O
+basic	O
+design	O
+components	O
+.	O
+The	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+IA	O
+design	O
+is	O
+well	O
+described	O
+by	O
+Constructive	B-KEY
+Induction	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CI	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+design	O
+process	O
+that	O
+involves	O
+locating	O
+the	O
+best	O
+representational	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+the	O
+design	O
+problem	O
+,	O
+identifying	O
+a	O
+solution	O
+within	O
+that	O
+framework	O
+and	O
+translating	O
+it	O
+back	O
+to	O
+the	O
+design	O
+problem	O
+at	O
+hand	O
+.	O
+The	O
+future	O
+of	O
+IA	O
+,	O
+if	O
+it	O
+remains	O
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+or	O
+develops	O
+a	O
+body	O
+of	O
+theory	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+both	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+
+What	O
+you	O
+get	O
+is	O
+what	O
+you	O
+see	O
+-LSB-	O
+Web	B-KEY
+performance	I-KEY
+monitoring	O
+-RSB-	O
+To	O
+get	O
+the	O
+best	O
+possible	O
+performance	O
+from	O
+your	O
+Web	B-KEY
+infrastructure	I-KEY
+,	O
+you	O
+'ll	O
+need	O
+a	O
+complete	O
+view	O
+.	O
+Do	O
+n't	O
+neglect	O
+the	O
+big	O
+picture	O
+because	O
+you	O
+'re	O
+too	O
+busy	O
+concentrating	O
+on	O
+details	O
+.	O
+The	O
+increasing	O
+complexity	O
+of	O
+Web	B-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+content	O
+they	O
+provide	O
+has	O
+consequently	O
+increased	O
+the	O
+complexity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+infrastructure	O
+that	O
+supports	O
+them	O
+.	O
+But	O
+with	O
+some	O
+knowledge	O
+of	O
+networking	B-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+handful	O
+of	O
+useful	O
+tools	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+insight	O
+that	O
+those	O
+tools	O
+provide	O
+,	O
+designing	O
+and	O
+operating	O
+for	O
+optimal	O
+performance	O
+and	O
+reliability	B-KEY
+is	O
+within	O
+your	O
+grasp	O
+
+Identification	B-KEY
+of	O
+evolving	O
+fuzzy	O
+rule-based	O
+models	O
+An	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+identification	B-KEY
+of	O
+evolving	O
+fuzzy	O
+rule-based	O
+-LRB-	O
+eR	O
+-RRB-	O
+models	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+eR	O
+models	O
+implement	O
+a	O
+method	O
+for	O
+the	O
+noniterative	B-KEY
+update	I-KEY
+of	O
+both	O
+the	O
+rule-base	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+and	O
+parameters	O
+by	O
+incremental	B-KEY
+unsupervised	I-KEY
+learning	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+rule-base	O
+evolves	O
+by	O
+adding	O
+more	O
+informative	O
+rules	O
+than	O
+those	O
+that	O
+previously	O
+formed	O
+the	O
+model	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+existing	O
+rules	O
+can	O
+be	O
+replaced	O
+with	O
+new	O
+rules	O
+based	O
+on	O
+ranking	B-KEY
+using	O
+the	O
+informative	B-KEY
+potential	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+data	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+way	O
+,	O
+the	O
+rule-base	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+is	O
+inherited	O
+and	O
+updated	O
+when	O
+new	O
+informative	O
+data	O
+become	O
+available	O
+,	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+being	O
+completely	O
+retrained	O
+.	O
+The	O
+adaptive	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+these	O
+evolving	O
+rule-based	O
+models	O
+,	O
+in	O
+combination	O
+with	O
+the	O
+highly	O
+transparent	O
+and	O
+compact	O
+form	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+rules	I-KEY
+,	O
+makes	O
+them	O
+a	O
+promising	O
+candidate	O
+for	O
+modeling	O
+and	O
+control	O
+of	O
+complex	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+,	O
+competitive	O
+to	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+has	O
+been	O
+tested	O
+on	O
+a	O
+benchmark	O
+problem	O
+and	O
+on	O
+an	O
+air-conditioning	B-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+application	O
+using	O
+data	O
+from	O
+an	O
+installation	O
+serving	O
+a	O
+real	O
+building	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+viability	O
+and	O
+efficiency	O
+of	O
+the	O
+approach	O
+
+Baseball	O
+,	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+World	B-KEY
+Wide	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+The	O
+competition	O
+for	O
+baseball	O
+play-off	O
+spots-the	O
+fabled	O
+pennant	O
+race-is	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+most	O
+closely	O
+watched	O
+American	O
+sports	O
+traditions	O
+.	O
+While	O
+play-off	B-KEY
+race	I-KEY
+statistics	I-KEY
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+games	B-KEY
+back	I-KEY
+and	O
+magic	B-KEY
+number	I-KEY
+,	O
+are	O
+informative	O
+,	O
+they	O
+are	O
+overly	O
+conservative	O
+and	O
+do	O
+not	O
+account	O
+for	O
+the	O
+remaining	O
+schedule	O
+of	O
+games	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+techniques	O
+,	O
+one	O
+can	O
+model	O
+schedule	O
+effects	O
+explicitly	O
+and	O
+determine	O
+precisely	O
+when	O
+a	O
+team	O
+has	O
+secured	O
+a	O
+play-off	O
+spot	O
+or	O
+has	O
+been	O
+eliminated	O
+from	O
+contention	O
+.	O
+The	O
+RIOT	B-KEY
+Baseball	I-KEY
+Play-off	I-KEY
+Races	I-KEY
+Web	I-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+developed	O
+at	O
+the	O
+University	O
+of	O
+California	O
+,	O
+Berkeley	O
+,	O
+provides	O
+automatic	O
+updates	O
+of	O
+new	O
+,	O
+optimization-based	O
+play-off	B-KEY
+race	I-KEY
+statistics	I-KEY
+each	O
+day	O
+of	O
+the	O
+major	O
+league	O
+baseball	O
+season	O
+.	O
+In	O
+developing	O
+the	O
+site	O
+,	O
+we	O
+found	O
+that	O
+we	O
+could	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+first-place	O
+elimination	O
+status	O
+of	O
+all	O
+teams	O
+in	O
+a	O
+division	O
+using	O
+a	O
+single	O
+linear-programming	O
+formulation	O
+,	O
+since	O
+a	O
+minimum	B-KEY
+win	I-KEY
+threshold	I-KEY
+for	O
+teams	O
+finishing	O
+in	O
+first	O
+place	O
+applies	O
+to	O
+all	O
+teams	O
+in	O
+a	O
+division	O
+.	O
+We	O
+identified	O
+a	O
+similar	O
+-LRB-	O
+but	O
+weaker	O
+-RRB-	O
+result	O
+for	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+play-off	O
+elimination	O
+with	O
+wildcard	O
+teams	O
+
+Plenoptic	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+editing	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+new	O
+class	O
+of	O
+interactive	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+editing	I-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+designed	O
+to	O
+maintain	O
+consistency	O
+between	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+physical	B-KEY
+3D	I-KEY
+scene	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+distinguishing	O
+feature	O
+of	O
+these	O
+operations	O
+is	O
+that	O
+edits	O
+to	O
+any	O
+one	O
+image	O
+propagate	O
+automatically	O
+to	O
+all	O
+other	O
+images	O
+as	O
+if	O
+the	O
+-LRB-	O
+unknown	O
+-RRB-	O
+3D	O
+scene	O
+had	O
+itself	O
+been	O
+modified	O
+.	O
+The	O
+modified	B-KEY
+scene	I-KEY
+can	O
+then	O
+be	O
+viewed	O
+interactively	O
+from	O
+any	O
+other	O
+camera	B-KEY
+viewpoint	I-KEY
+and	O
+under	O
+different	O
+scene	O
+illuminations	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+useful	O
+first	O
+as	O
+a	O
+power-assist	O
+that	O
+enables	O
+a	O
+user	O
+to	O
+quickly	O
+modify	O
+many	O
+images	O
+by	O
+editing	O
+just	O
+a	O
+few	O
+,	O
+and	O
+second	O
+as	O
+a	O
+means	O
+for	O
+constructing	O
+and	O
+editing	O
+image-based	B-KEY
+scene	I-KEY
+representations	I-KEY
+by	O
+manipulating	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+photographs	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+works	O
+by	O
+extending	O
+operations	O
+like	O
+image	B-KEY
+painting	I-KEY
+,	O
+scissoring	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+morphing	B-KEY
+so	O
+that	O
+they	O
+alter	O
+a	O
+scene	O
+'s	O
+plenoptic	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+physically-consistent	O
+way	O
+,	O
+thereby	O
+affecting	O
+scene	O
+appearance	O
+from	O
+all	O
+viewpoints	O
+simultaneously	O
+.	O
+A	O
+key	O
+element	O
+in	O
+realizing	O
+these	O
+operations	O
+is	O
+a	O
+new	O
+volumetric	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+for	O
+reconstructing	O
+an	O
+scene	O
+'s	O
+plenoptic	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+from	O
+an	O
+incomplete	O
+set	O
+of	O
+camera	B-KEY
+viewpoints	I-KEY
+
+Quantum	B-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+games	I-KEY
+We	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+quantum-like	O
+description	O
+of	O
+markets	O
+and	O
+economics	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+has	O
+roots	O
+in	O
+the	O
+recently	O
+developed	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+game	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+
+Location	O
+of	O
+transport	B-KEY
+nets	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+heterogeneous	B-KEY
+territory	I-KEY
+The	O
+location	O
+of	O
+transport	B-KEY
+routes	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+heterogeneous	B-KEY
+territory	I-KEY
+is	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+The	O
+network	O
+joins	O
+a	O
+given	O
+set	O
+of	O
+terminal	B-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+certain	O
+number	O
+of	O
+additional	O
+-LRB-	O
+branch	O
+-RRB-	O
+points	O
+.	O
+The	O
+problem	O
+is	O
+formulated	O
+,	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+the	O
+optimal	O
+solution	O
+for	O
+a.	O
+tree-like	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+branch	B-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+are	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+A	O
+stepwise	B-KEY
+optimization	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+a.	O
+network	O
+with	O
+given	O
+adjacency	B-KEY
+matrix	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+an	O
+algorithm	O
+for	O
+constructing	O
+minimal-cost	O
+routes	O
+is	O
+designed	O
+
+There	O
+is	O
+no	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+routing	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+torus	B-KEY
+A	O
+routing	O
+policy	O
+is	O
+the	O
+method	O
+used	O
+to	O
+select	O
+a	O
+specific	O
+output	O
+channel	O
+for	O
+a	O
+message	O
+from	O
+among	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+acceptable	O
+output	O
+channels	O
+.	O
+An	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+routing	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+policy	O
+that	O
+maximizes	O
+the	O
+probability	O
+of	O
+a	O
+message	O
+reaching	O
+its	O
+destination	O
+without	O
+delays	O
+.	O
+Optimal	B-KEY
+routing	I-KEY
+policies	I-KEY
+have	O
+been	O
+proposed	O
+for	O
+several	O
+regular	O
+networks	O
+,	O
+including	O
+the	O
+mesh	O
+and	O
+the	O
+hypercube	B-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+open	O
+problem	O
+in	O
+interconnection	O
+network	O
+research	O
+has	O
+been	O
+the	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+an	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+routing	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+torus	B-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+show	O
+that	O
+there	O
+is	O
+no	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+routing	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+torus	B-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+result	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+by	O
+presenting	O
+a	O
+detailed	O
+example	O
+in	O
+which	O
+the	O
+best	O
+choice	O
+of	O
+output	O
+channel	O
+is	O
+dependent	O
+on	O
+the	O
+probability	O
+of	O
+each	O
+channel	O
+being	O
+available	O
+.	O
+This	O
+result	O
+settles	O
+,	O
+in	O
+the	O
+negative	O
+,	O
+a	O
+conjecture	O
+by	O
+J.	O
+Wu	O
+-LRB-	O
+1996	O
+-RRB-	O
+concerning	O
+an	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+routing	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+torus	B-KEY
+
+A	O
+conceptual	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+evaluation	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+investments	I-KEY
+The	O
+decision	O
+to	O
+acquire	O
+a	O
+new	O
+information	O
+technology	O
+poses	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+serious	O
+evaluation	O
+and	O
+selection	O
+problems	O
+to	O
+technology	B-KEY
+managers	I-KEY
+,	O
+because	O
+the	O
+new	O
+system	O
+must	O
+not	O
+only	O
+meet	O
+current	O
+information	B-KEY
+requirements	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+organisation	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+the	O
+needs	O
+for	O
+future	O
+expansion	O
+.	O
+Tangible	O
+and	O
+intangible	B-KEY
+benefits	I-KEY
+factors	O
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+risks	B-KEY
+factors	I-KEY
+,	O
+must	O
+be	O
+identified	O
+and	O
+evaluated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+review	O
+of	O
+ten	O
+major	O
+evaluation	B-KEY
+categories	I-KEY
+and	O
+available	O
+models	O
+,	O
+which	O
+fall	O
+under	O
+each	O
+category	O
+,	O
+showing	O
+their	O
+advantages	O
+and	O
+disadvantages	O
+in	O
+handling	O
+the	O
+above	O
+difficulties	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+strategic	O
+implications	O
+involved	O
+in	O
+the	O
+selection	B-KEY
+decision	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+inherent	O
+difficulties	O
+in	O
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+1	O
+-RRB-	O
+choosing	O
+or	O
+developing	O
+a	O
+model	O
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+obtaining	O
+realistic	O
+inputs	O
+for	O
+the	O
+model	O
+,	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+3	O
+-RRB-	O
+making	O
+tradeoffs	B-KEY
+among	O
+the	O
+conflicting	O
+factors	O
+.	O
+It	O
+proposes	O
+a	O
+conceptual	O
+framework	O
+to	O
+help	O
+the	O
+decision	B-KEY
+maker	I-KEY
+in	O
+choosing	O
+the	O
+most	O
+appropriate	O
+methodology	O
+in	O
+the	O
+evaluation	O
+process	O
+.	O
+It	O
+also	O
+offers	O
+a	O
+new	O
+model	O
+,	O
+called	O
+GAHP	O
+,	O
+for	O
+the	O
+evaluation	O
+problem	O
+combining	O
+integer	O
+goal	O
+linear	O
+programming	O
+and	O
+analytic	B-KEY
+hierarchy	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+AHP	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+a	O
+single	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+multiple	I-KEY
+objective	I-KEY
+multi-criteria	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+goal	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+methodology	I-KEY
+,	O
+with	O
+zero-one	B-KEY
+integer	I-KEY
+variables	I-KEY
+and	O
+mixed	B-KEY
+integer	I-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+,	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+set	O
+goal	B-KEY
+target	I-KEY
+values	I-KEY
+against	O
+which	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+alternatives	I-KEY
+are	O
+evaluated	O
+and	O
+selected	O
+.	O
+AHP	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+structure	O
+the	O
+evaluation	O
+process	O
+providing	O
+pairwise	B-KEY
+comparison	I-KEY
+mechanisms	I-KEY
+to	O
+quantify	O
+subjective	O
+,	O
+nonmonetary	O
+,	O
+intangible	B-KEY
+benefits	I-KEY
+and	O
+risks	B-KEY
+factors	I-KEY
+,	O
+in	O
+deriving	O
+data	O
+for	O
+the	O
+model	O
+.	O
+A	O
+case	O
+illustration	O
+is	O
+provided	O
+showing	O
+how	O
+GAHP	O
+can	O
+be	O
+formulated	O
+and	O
+solved	O
+
+Computer	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+to	O
+generate	O
+operant	O
+schedules	O
+A	O
+computer	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+for	O
+programming	O
+schedules	O
+of	O
+reinforcement	O
+is	O
+described	O
+.	O
+Students	O
+can	O
+use	O
+the	O
+program	O
+to	O
+experience	O
+schedules	O
+of	O
+reinforcement	O
+that	O
+are	O
+typically	O
+used	O
+with	O
+nonhuman	B-KEY
+subjects	I-KEY
+.	O
+Accumulative	O
+recording	O
+of	O
+a	O
+student	O
+'s	O
+response	O
+can	O
+be	O
+shown	O
+on	O
+the	O
+screen	O
+and/or	O
+printed	O
+with	O
+the	O
+computer	O
+'s	O
+printer	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+can	O
+also	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+program	O
+operant	O
+schedules	O
+for	O
+animal	B-KEY
+subjects	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+was	O
+tested	O
+with	O
+human	B-KEY
+subjects	I-KEY
+experiencing	O
+fixed	O
+ratio	O
+,	O
+variable	O
+ratio	O
+,	O
+fixed	O
+interval	O
+,	O
+and	O
+variable	B-KEY
+interval	I-KEY
+schedules	I-KEY
+.	O
+Performance	O
+for	O
+human	B-KEY
+subjects	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+given	O
+schedule	O
+was	O
+similar	O
+to	O
+performance	O
+for	O
+nonhuman	B-KEY
+subjects	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+same	O
+schedule	O
+
+The	O
+California	B-KEY
+Digital	I-KEY
+Library	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+eScholarship	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+The	O
+eScholarship	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+was	O
+launched	O
+in	O
+2000	O
+to	O
+foster	O
+faculty-led	B-KEY
+innovation	I-KEY
+in	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+publishing	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+initiative	O
+of	O
+the	O
+University	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+California	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+UC	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+a	O
+program	O
+of	O
+the	O
+California	B-KEY
+Digital	I-KEY
+Library	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+eScholarship	B-KEY
+program	I-KEY
+has	O
+stimulated	O
+significant	O
+interest	O
+in	O
+its	O
+short	O
+life	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+modest	O
+but	O
+visible	O
+accomplishments	O
+garner	O
+praise	O
+from	O
+many	O
+quarters	O
+,	O
+within	O
+and	O
+beyond	O
+the	O
+University	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+California	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+perhaps	O
+the	O
+best	O
+indication	O
+of	O
+its	O
+timeliness	O
+and	O
+momentum	O
+,	O
+there	O
+are	O
+more	O
+proposals	O
+submitted	O
+to	O
+eScholarship	O
+today	O
+than	O
+the	O
+CDL	O
+can	O
+manage	O
+.	O
+This	O
+early	O
+success	O
+is	O
+due	O
+in	O
+part	O
+to	O
+the	O
+sheer	O
+power	O
+of	O
+an	O
+idea	O
+whose	O
+time	O
+has	O
+come	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+to	O
+the	O
+unique	O
+approach	O
+on	O
+which	O
+CDL	O
+was	O
+founded	O
+and	O
+the	O
+eScholarship	O
+initiative	O
+was	O
+first	O
+launched	O
+
+Fuzzy	O
+control	O
+of	O
+multivariable	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+by	O
+modified	B-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+decoupling	I-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+a	O
+control	O
+concept	O
+for	O
+the	O
+squared	O
+-LRB-	O
+equal	O
+number	O
+of	O
+inputs	O
+and	O
+outputs	O
+-RRB-	O
+multivariable	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+systems	O
+is	O
+given	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+control	O
+system	O
+consists	O
+of	O
+two	O
+parts	O
+,	O
+single	O
+loop	O
+fuzzy	O
+controllers	O
+in	O
+each	O
+loop	O
+and	O
+a	O
+centralized	B-KEY
+decoupling	I-KEY
+unit	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+fuzzy	O
+control	O
+system	O
+uses	O
+feedback	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+to	O
+minimize	O
+the	O
+error	O
+in	O
+the	O
+loop	O
+and	O
+the	O
+decoupler	O
+uses	O
+an	O
+adaptive	O
+technique	O
+to	O
+mitigate	O
+loop	O
+interactions	O
+.	O
+The	O
+decoupler	O
+predicts	O
+the	O
+interacting	O
+loop	O
+changes	O
+and	O
+modifies	O
+the	O
+input	O
+-LRB-	O
+error	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+the	O
+loop	O
+controller	O
+.	O
+The	O
+controller	O
+was	O
+tested	O
+on	O
+the	O
+simulation	O
+model	O
+of	O
+``	O
+single	O
+component	O
+vaporizer	O
+''	O
+process	O
+
+Lossy	O
+to	O
+lossless	B-KEY
+object-based	I-KEY
+coding	I-KEY
+of	O
+3-D	B-KEY
+MRI	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+We	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+fully	O
+three-dimensional	O
+-LRB-	O
+3-D	O
+-RRB-	O
+object-based	O
+coding	O
+system	O
+exploiting	O
+the	O
+diagnostic	B-KEY
+relevance	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+different	O
+regions	O
+of	O
+the	O
+volumetric	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+for	O
+rate	B-KEY
+allocation	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+data	O
+are	O
+first	O
+decorrelated	O
+via	O
+a	O
+3-D	B-KEY
+discrete	I-KEY
+wavelet	I-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+implementation	O
+via	O
+the	O
+lifting	B-KEY
+steps	I-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+allows	O
+to	O
+map	O
+integer-to-integer	B-KEY
+values	I-KEY
+,	O
+enabling	O
+lossless	O
+coding	O
+,	O
+and	O
+facilitates	O
+the	O
+definition	O
+of	O
+the	O
+object-based	B-KEY
+inverse	I-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+coding	O
+process	O
+assigns	O
+disjoint	B-KEY
+segments	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+bitstream	B-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+different	O
+objects	O
+,	O
+which	O
+can	O
+be	O
+independently	O
+accessed	O
+and	O
+reconstructed	O
+at	O
+any	O
+up-to-lossless	O
+quality	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+fully	O
+3-D	O
+coding	O
+strategies	O
+are	O
+considered	O
+:	O
+embedded	B-KEY
+zerotree	I-KEY
+coding	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+EZW-3D	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+multidimensional	B-KEY
+layered	I-KEY
+zero	I-KEY
+coding	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MLZC	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+both	O
+generalized	O
+for	O
+region	O
+of	O
+interest	O
+-LRB-	O
+ROI	O
+-RRB-	O
+-	O
+based	O
+processing	O
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+avoid	O
+artifacts	O
+along	O
+region	B-KEY
+boundaries	I-KEY
+,	O
+some	O
+extra	O
+coefficients	O
+must	O
+be	O
+encoded	O
+for	O
+each	O
+object	O
+.	O
+This	O
+gives	O
+rise	O
+to	O
+an	O
+overheading	O
+of	O
+the	O
+bitstream	B-KEY
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+the	O
+case	O
+where	O
+the	O
+volume	O
+is	O
+encoded	O
+as	O
+a	O
+whole	O
+.	O
+The	O
+amount	O
+of	O
+such	O
+extra	O
+information	O
+depends	O
+on	O
+both	O
+the	O
+filter	B-KEY
+length	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+decomposition	B-KEY
+depth	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+is	O
+characterized	O
+on	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+head	B-KEY
+magnetic	I-KEY
+resonance	I-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+.	O
+Results	O
+show	O
+that	O
+MLZC	O
+and	O
+EZW-3D	B-KEY
+have	O
+competitive	O
+performances	O
+.	O
+In	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+the	O
+best	O
+MLZC	O
+mode	O
+outperforms	O
+the	O
+others	O
+state-of-the-art	O
+techniques	O
+on	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+datasets	O
+for	O
+which	O
+results	O
+are	O
+available	O
+in	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+
+The	O
+role	O
+of	O
+CAUL	O
+-LRB-	O
+Council	O
+of	O
+Australian	O
+Libraries	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+consortial	B-KEY
+purchasing	I-KEY
+The	O
+Council	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Australian	I-KEY
+University	I-KEY
+Librarians	I-KEY
+,	O
+constituted	O
+in	O
+1965	O
+for	O
+the	O
+purposes	O
+of	O
+cooperative	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+sharing	O
+of	O
+information	O
+,	O
+assumed	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+consortial	B-KEY
+purchasing	I-KEY
+agent	O
+in	O
+1996	O
+on	O
+behalf	O
+of	O
+its	O
+members	O
+and	O
+associate	O
+organisations	O
+in	O
+Australia	B-KEY
+and	O
+New	B-KEY
+Zealand	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+role	O
+continues	O
+to	O
+grow	O
+in	O
+tandem	O
+with	O
+the	O
+burgeoning	O
+of	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+publication	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+acceptance	O
+of	O
+publishers	O
+of	O
+the	O
+advantages	O
+of	O
+dealing	O
+with	O
+consortia	O
+.	O
+The	O
+needs	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Australian	O
+university	O
+community	O
+overlap	O
+significantly	O
+with	O
+consortia	O
+in	O
+North	B-KEY
+America	I-KEY
+and	O
+Europe	B-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+important	O
+differences	O
+are	O
+highlighted	O
+
+Fresh	O
+tracks	O
+-LSB-	O
+food	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+Bar	B-KEY
+code	I-KEY
+labels	I-KEY
+and	O
+wireless	B-KEY
+terminals	I-KEY
+linked	O
+to	O
+a	O
+centralized	O
+database	O
+accurately	O
+track	O
+meat	O
+products	O
+from	O
+receiving	O
+to	O
+customers	O
+for	O
+Farmland	B-KEY
+Foods	I-KEY
+
+Generalized	B-KEY
+confidence	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+statistically	B-KEY
+indeterminate	I-KEY
+random	I-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+A	O
+problem	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+for	O
+the	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+confidence	O
+sets	O
+for	O
+a	O
+random	O
+vector	O
+,	O
+the	O
+information	O
+on	O
+distribution	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+of	O
+which	O
+is	O
+incomplete	O
+.	O
+To	O
+obtain	O
+exact	O
+estimates	O
+and	O
+a	O
+detailed	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+,	O
+the	O
+notion	O
+is	O
+introduced	O
+of	O
+a	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+confidence	I-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+statistically	B-KEY
+indeterminate	I-KEY
+random	I-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+.	O
+Properties	O
+of	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+confidence	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+are	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+method	O
+of	O
+estimation	O
+,	O
+which	O
+relies	O
+on	O
+the	O
+unification	O
+of	O
+confidence	O
+sets	O
+,	O
+leads	O
+in	O
+many	O
+cases	O
+to	O
+wider	O
+confidence	O
+estimates	O
+.	O
+For	O
+a	O
+normally	B-KEY
+distributed	I-KEY
+random	I-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+with	O
+an	O
+inaccurately	O
+known	O
+mean	O
+value	O
+,	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+confidence	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+are	O
+built	O
+tip	O
+and	O
+the	O
+dependence	O
+of	O
+sizes	O
+of	O
+a	O
+generalized	B-KEY
+confidence	I-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+forms	O
+and	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+possible	O
+mean	O
+values	O
+is	O
+examined	O
+
+Virtual	O
+borders	O
+,	O
+real	O
+laws	O
+-LSB-	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+activity	I-KEY
+and	O
+treaties	O
+-RSB-	O
+National	B-KEY
+governments	I-KEY
+are	O
+working	O
+to	O
+tame	O
+activity	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+.	O
+They	O
+have	O
+worked	O
+steadily	O
+to	O
+extend	O
+control	O
+over	O
+online	B-KEY
+activities	I-KEY
+that	O
+they	O
+believe	O
+affect	O
+their	O
+interests	O
+,	O
+even	O
+when	O
+the	O
+activities	O
+occur	O
+outside	O
+their	O
+borders	O
+.	O
+These	O
+usually	O
+involve	O
+what	O
+governments	O
+regard	O
+as	O
+their	O
+domain	O
+:	O
+protecting	O
+public	O
+order	O
+,	O
+enforcing	O
+commercial	O
+laws	O
+,	O
+and	O
+,	O
+occasionally	O
+,	O
+protecting	O
+consumer	O
+interests	O
+.	O
+Methods	O
+have	O
+included	O
+assertions	O
+or	O
+legal	B-KEY
+jurisdiction	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+where	O
+material	O
+is	O
+accessible	O
+instead	O
+of	O
+where	O
+it	O
+originates	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+blocking	O
+of	O
+sites	O
+,	O
+service	O
+providers	O
+,	O
+or	O
+entire	O
+high	O
+level	O
+domains	O
+from	O
+access	O
+by	O
+citizens	O
+.	O
+Such	O
+instances	O
+are	O
+mentioned	O
+in	O
+this	O
+article	O
+.	O
+Whilst	O
+larger	O
+companies	O
+are	O
+able	O
+to	O
+defend	O
+themselves	O
+against	O
+overseas	O
+lawsuits	B-KEY
+,	O
+individuals	O
+and	O
+smaller	O
+organizations	O
+lack	O
+the	O
+resources	O
+to	O
+defend	O
+what	O
+are	O
+often	O
+normal	O
+business	O
+activities	O
+at	O
+home	O
+,	O
+but	O
+could	O
+violate	O
+the	O
+laws	O
+of	O
+local	O
+jurisdictions	O
+in	O
+countries	O
+around	O
+the	O
+world	O
+.	O
+The	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+libel	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+as	O
+are	O
+the	O
+blocking	O
+of	O
+certain	O
+sites	O
+by	O
+certain	O
+countries	O
+.	O
+Efforts	O
+to	O
+draw	O
+up	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+treaties	I-KEY
+are	O
+also	O
+mentioned	O
+
+A	O
+method	O
+for	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+algebraic	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+with	O
+m-dimensional	O
+lambda	O
+-	O
+matrices	O
+A	O
+system	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+algebraic	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+with	O
+m-dimensional	O
+lambda	O
+-	O
+matrices	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+method	O
+of	O
+searching	O
+for	O
+the	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+this	O
+system	O
+lies	O
+in	O
+reducing	O
+it	O
+to	O
+a	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+special	O
+kind	O
+
+Development	O
+of	O
+a	O
+health	B-KEY
+guidance	I-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+for	O
+lifestyle	B-KEY
+improvement	I-KEY
+The	O
+objective	O
+is	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+automated	O
+advice	O
+for	O
+lifestyle	O
+adjustment	O
+based	O
+on	O
+an	O
+assessment	O
+of	O
+the	O
+results	O
+of	O
+a	O
+questionnaire	B-KEY
+and	O
+medical	B-KEY
+examination	I-KEY
+or	O
+health	B-KEY
+checkup	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+system	O
+was	O
+developed	O
+that	O
+gathers	O
+data	O
+based	O
+on	O
+questions	O
+regarding	O
+weight	B-KEY
+gain	I-KEY
+,	O
+exercise	B-KEY
+,	O
+smoking	B-KEY
+,	O
+sleep	B-KEY
+,	O
+eating	B-KEY
+habits	I-KEY
+,	O
+salt	B-KEY
+intake	I-KEY
+,	O
+animal	B-KEY
+fat	I-KEY
+intake	I-KEY
+,	O
+snacks	B-KEY
+,	O
+alcohol	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+oral	B-KEY
+hygiene	I-KEY
+,	O
+body	B-KEY
+mass	I-KEY
+index	I-KEY
+,	O
+resting	B-KEY
+blood	I-KEY
+pressure	I-KEY
+,	O
+fasting	B-KEY
+blood	I-KEY
+sugar	I-KEY
+,	O
+total	B-KEY
+cholesterol	I-KEY
+,	O
+triglycerides	B-KEY
+,	O
+uric	B-KEY
+acid	I-KEY
+and	O
+liver	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+tests	I-KEY
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+relationships	O
+between	O
+the	O
+lifestyle	O
+data	O
+and	O
+the	O
+health	B-KEY
+checkup	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+health	O
+assessment	O
+sheet	O
+was	O
+generated	O
+for	O
+persons	O
+being	O
+allocated	O
+to	O
+a	O
+multiple-risk	O
+factor	O
+syndrome	O
+group	O
+.	O
+Health	O
+assessment	O
+and	O
+useful	O
+advice	O
+for	O
+lifestyle	B-KEY
+improvement	I-KEY
+were	O
+automatically	O
+extracted	O
+with	O
+the	O
+system	O
+,	O
+toward	O
+the	O
+high	O
+risk	O
+group	O
+for	O
+life	O
+style	O
+related	O
+diseases	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+is	O
+operational	O
+.	O
+In	O
+comparison	O
+with	O
+conventional	O
+,	O
+limited	O
+advice	O
+methods	O
+,	O
+we	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+practical	O
+system	O
+that	O
+defined	O
+the	O
+necessity	O
+for	O
+lifestyle	B-KEY
+improvement	I-KEY
+more	O
+clearly	O
+,	O
+and	O
+made	O
+giving	O
+advice	O
+easier	O
+
+The	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+EAD	B-KEY
+adoption	I-KEY
+on	O
+archival	B-KEY
+programs	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+pilot	O
+survey	O
+of	O
+early	O
+implementers	O
+The	O
+article	O
+reports	O
+the	O
+results	O
+of	O
+a	O
+survey	O
+conducted	O
+to	O
+assess	O
+the	O
+impact	O
+that	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+Encoded	B-KEY
+Archival	I-KEY
+Description	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+EAD	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+on	O
+archival	B-KEY
+programs	I-KEY
+.	O
+By	O
+gathering	O
+data	O
+related	O
+to	O
+the	O
+funding	B-KEY
+,	O
+staffing	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+evaluation	O
+of	O
+EAD	B-KEY
+programs	I-KEY
+and	O
+about	O
+institutional	B-KEY
+goals	I-KEY
+for	O
+EAD	B-KEY
+implementation	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+study	O
+explored	O
+how	O
+EAD	O
+has	O
+affected	O
+the	O
+operations	O
+of	O
+the	O
+institutions	O
+which	O
+are	O
+utilizing	O
+it	O
+and	O
+the	O
+extent	O
+to	O
+which	O
+EAD	O
+has	O
+become	O
+a	O
+part	O
+of	O
+regular	B-KEY
+repository	I-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+
+Using	O
+latent	B-KEY
+semantic	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+to	O
+assess	O
+reader	O
+strategies	O
+We	O
+tested	O
+a	O
+computer-based	B-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+for	O
+assessing	O
+reader	O
+strategies	O
+that	O
+was	O
+based	O
+on	O
+verbal	B-KEY
+protocols	I-KEY
+that	O
+utilized	O
+latent	B-KEY
+semantic	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+LSA	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Students	O
+were	O
+given	O
+self-explanation-reading	B-KEY
+training	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SERT	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+which	O
+teaches	O
+strategies	O
+that	O
+facilitate	O
+self-explanation	O
+during	O
+reading	O
+,	O
+such	O
+as	O
+elaboration	B-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+world	B-KEY
+knowledge	I-KEY
+and	O
+bridging	O
+between	O
+text	O
+sentences	O
+.	O
+During	O
+a	O
+computerized	O
+version	O
+of	O
+SERT	O
+practice	O
+,	O
+students	O
+read	O
+texts	O
+and	O
+typed	O
+self-explanations	O
+into	O
+a	O
+computer	O
+after	O
+each	O
+sentence	O
+.	O
+The	O
+use	O
+of	O
+SERT	O
+strategies	O
+during	O
+this	O
+practice	O
+was	O
+assessed	O
+by	O
+determining	O
+the	O
+extent	O
+to	O
+which	O
+students	O
+used	O
+the	O
+information	O
+in	O
+the	O
+current	O
+sentence	O
+versus	O
+the	O
+prior	O
+text	O
+or	O
+world	B-KEY
+knowledge	I-KEY
+in	O
+their	O
+self-explanations	O
+.	O
+This	O
+assessment	O
+was	O
+made	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+human	B-KEY
+judgments	I-KEY
+and	O
+LSA	O
+.	O
+Both	O
+human	B-KEY
+judgments	I-KEY
+and	O
+LSA	O
+were	O
+remarkably	O
+similar	O
+and	O
+indicated	O
+that	O
+students	O
+who	O
+were	O
+not	O
+complying	O
+with	O
+SERT	O
+tended	O
+to	O
+paraphrase	O
+the	O
+text	O
+sentences	O
+,	O
+whereas	O
+students	O
+who	O
+were	O
+compliant	O
+with	O
+SERT	O
+tended	O
+to	O
+explain	O
+the	O
+sentences	O
+in	O
+terms	O
+of	O
+what	O
+they	O
+knew	O
+about	O
+the	O
+world	O
+and	O
+of	O
+information	O
+provided	O
+in	O
+the	O
+prior	O
+text	O
+context	O
+.	O
+The	O
+similarity	O
+between	O
+human	B-KEY
+judgments	I-KEY
+and	O
+LSA	O
+indicates	O
+that	O
+LSA	O
+will	O
+be	O
+useful	O
+in	O
+accounting	O
+for	O
+reading	O
+strategies	O
+in	O
+a	O
+Web-based	O
+version	O
+of	O
+SERT	O
+
+MTD-PLS	O
+:	O
+a	O
+PLS-based	B-KEY
+variant	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+MTD	O
+method	O
+.	O
+II	O
+.	O
+Mapping	O
+ligand-receptor	O
+interactions	O
+.	O
+Enzymatic	B-KEY
+acetic	I-KEY
+acid	I-KEY
+esters	I-KEY
+hydrolysis	I-KEY
+The	O
+PLS	O
+variant	O
+of	O
+the	O
+MTD	O
+method	O
+-LRB-	O
+T.I.	O
+Oprea	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+,	O
+SAR	O
+QSAR	O
+Environ	O
+.	O
+Res	O
+.	O
+2001	O
+,	O
+12	O
+,	O
+75-92	O
+-RRB-	O
+was	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+a	O
+series	O
+of	O
+25	O
+acetylcholinesterase	B-KEY
+hydrolysis	I-KEY
+substrates	I-KEY
+.	O
+Statistically	O
+significant	O
+MTD-PLS	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+q/sup	O
+2	O
+/	O
+between	O
+0.7	O
+and	O
+0.8	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+in	O
+agreement	O
+with	O
+previous	O
+MTD	O
+models	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+advantage	O
+that	O
+local	O
+contributions	O
+are	O
+understood	O
+beyond	O
+the	O
+occupancy/nonoccupancy	O
+interpretation	O
+in	O
+MTD	O
+.	O
+A	O
+``	O
+chemically	O
+intuitive	O
+''	O
+approach	O
+further	O
+forces	O
+MTD-PLS	O
+coefficients	O
+to	O
+assume	O
+only	O
+negative	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+zero	O
+-RRB-	O
+values	O
+for	O
+fragmental	B-KEY
+volume	I-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+and	O
+positive	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+zero	O
+-RRB-	O
+values	O
+for	O
+fragmental	B-KEY
+hydrophobicity	I-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+further	O
+separates	O
+the	O
+various	O
+kinds	O
+of	O
+local	O
+interactions	O
+at	O
+each	O
+vertex	O
+of	O
+the	O
+MTD	O
+hypermolecule	B-KEY
+,	O
+making	O
+this	O
+method	O
+suitable	O
+for	O
+medicinal	B-KEY
+chemistry	I-KEY
+synthesis	I-KEY
+planning	I-KEY
+
+A	O
+context-aware	O
+decision	B-KEY
+engine	I-KEY
+for	O
+content	B-KEY
+adaptation	I-KEY
+Building	O
+a	O
+good	O
+content	B-KEY
+adaptation	I-KEY
+service	O
+for	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+devices	I-KEY
+poses	O
+many	O
+challenges	O
+.	O
+To	O
+meet	O
+these	O
+challenges	O
+,	O
+this	O
+quality-of-service-aware	B-KEY
+decision	B-KEY
+engine	I-KEY
+automatically	O
+negotiates	O
+for	O
+the	O
+appropriate	O
+adaptation	B-KEY
+decision	I-KEY
+for	O
+synthesizing	O
+an	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+version	I-KEY
+
+Medicine	B-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+21	O
+st	O
+century	O
+:	O
+global	O
+problems	O
+,	O
+global	O
+solutions	O
+The	O
+objectives	O
+are	O
+to	O
+discuss	O
+application	O
+areas	O
+of	O
+information	O
+,	O
+technology	O
+in	O
+medicine	B-KEY
+and	O
+health	B-KEY
+care	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+occasion	O
+of	O
+the	O
+opening	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Private	O
+Universitat	O
+fur	O
+Medizinische	O
+Informatik	O
+and	O
+Technik	O
+Tirol/University	O
+for	O
+Health	O
+Informatics	O
+and	O
+Technology	O
+Tyrol	O
+-LRB-	O
+LIMIT	O
+-RRB-	O
+at	O
+Innsbruck	O
+,	O
+Tyrol	O
+,	O
+Austria	O
+.	O
+Important	O
+application	O
+areas	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+in	O
+medicine	B-KEY
+and	O
+health	O
+are	O
+appropriate	O
+individual	O
+access	O
+to	O
+medical	O
+knowledge	O
+,	O
+new	O
+engineering	B-KEY
+developments	I-KEY
+such	O
+as	O
+new	O
+radiant	B-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+implantable	O
+pacemaker/defibrillator	O
+devices	O
+,	O
+mathematical	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+for	O
+understanding	O
+the	O
+workings	O
+of	O
+the	O
+human	B-KEY
+body	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+computer-based	B-KEY
+patient	I-KEY
+record	I-KEY
+,	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+new	O
+knowledge	O
+in	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+biology	I-KEY
+,	O
+human	B-KEY
+genetics	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+biotechnology	B-KEY
+.	O
+Challenges	O
+and	O
+responsibilities	O
+for	O
+medical	B-KEY
+informatics	I-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+include	O
+medical	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+privacy	I-KEY
+and	O
+intellectual	B-KEY
+property	I-KEY
+rights	I-KEY
+inherent	O
+in	O
+the	O
+content	O
+of	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+
+Multidimensional	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+visualization	I-KEY
+Historically	O
+,	O
+data	O
+visualization	O
+has	O
+been	O
+limited	O
+primarily	O
+to	O
+two	O
+dimensions	O
+-LRB-	O
+e.g.	O
+,	O
+histograms	O
+or	O
+scatter	O
+plots	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Available	O
+software	O
+packages	O
+-LRB-	O
+e.g.	O
+,	O
+Data	O
+Desk	O
+6.1	O
+,	O
+MatLab	O
+6.1	O
+,	O
+SAS-JMP	O
+4.04	O
+,	O
+SPSS	O
+10.0	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+capable	O
+of	O
+producing	O
+three-dimensional	O
+scatter	O
+plots	O
+with	O
+-LRB-	O
+varying	O
+degrees	O
+of	O
+-RRB-	O
+user	B-KEY
+interactivity	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+constructed	O
+our	O
+own	O
+data	O
+visualization	O
+application	O
+with	O
+the	O
+Visualization	B-KEY
+Toolkit	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Schroeder	O
+et	O
+al.	O
+,	O
+1998	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+Tcl/Tk	B-KEY
+to	O
+display	O
+multivariate	O
+data	O
+through	O
+the	O
+application	O
+of	O
+glyphs	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Ware	O
+,	O
+2000	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+A	O
+glyph	B-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+visual	B-KEY
+object	I-KEY
+onto	O
+which	O
+many	O
+data	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+may	O
+be	O
+mapped	O
+,	O
+each	O
+with	O
+a	O
+different	O
+visual	B-KEY
+attribute	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+e.g.	O
+,	O
+size	O
+or	O
+color	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+We	O
+used	O
+our	O
+multi-dimensional	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+viewer	I-KEY
+to	O
+explore	O
+data	O
+from	O
+several	O
+psycholinguistic	B-KEY
+experiments	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+graphical	B-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+provides	O
+flexibility	O
+when	O
+users	O
+dynamically	O
+explore	O
+the	O
+multidimensional	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+rendered	I-KEY
+from	O
+raw	O
+experimental	O
+data	O
+.	O
+We	O
+highlight	O
+advantages	O
+of	O
+multidimensional	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+visualization	I-KEY
+and	O
+consider	O
+some	O
+potential	O
+limitations	O
+
+Combining	O
+spatial	O
+and	O
+scale-space	B-KEY
+techniques	I-KEY
+for	O
+edge	B-KEY
+detection	I-KEY
+to	O
+provide	O
+a	O
+spatially	B-KEY
+adaptive	I-KEY
+wavelet-based	I-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+New	O
+methods	O
+for	O
+detecting	O
+edges	O
+in	O
+an	O
+image	O
+using	O
+spatial	O
+and	O
+scale-space	O
+domains	O
+are	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+A	B-KEY
+priori	I-KEY
+knowledge	I-KEY
+about	O
+geometrical	B-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+of	O
+edges	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+assign	O
+a	O
+probability	B-KEY
+factor	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+chance	O
+of	O
+any	O
+pixel	O
+being	O
+on	O
+an	O
+edge	O
+.	O
+An	O
+improved	O
+double	B-KEY
+thresholding	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+is	O
+introduced	O
+for	O
+spatial	B-KEY
+domain	I-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+.	O
+Probabilities	O
+that	O
+pixels	O
+belong	O
+to	O
+a	O
+given	O
+edge	O
+are	O
+assigned	O
+based	O
+on	O
+pixel	B-KEY
+similarity	I-KEY
+across	O
+gradient	B-KEY
+amplitudes	I-KEY
+,	O
+gradient	B-KEY
+phases	I-KEY
+and	O
+edge	B-KEY
+connectivity	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+scale-space	O
+approach	O
+uses	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+range	I-KEY
+compression	I-KEY
+to	O
+allow	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+correlation	I-KEY
+over	O
+a	O
+wider	O
+range	O
+of	O
+scales	O
+.	O
+A	O
+probabilistic	B-KEY
+formulation	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+combine	O
+the	O
+results	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+filtering	O
+in	O
+each	O
+domain	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+a	O
+final	B-KEY
+edge	I-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+which	O
+has	O
+the	O
+advantages	O
+of	O
+both	O
+spatial	O
+and	O
+scale-space	O
+domain	O
+methods	O
+.	O
+Decomposing	O
+this	O
+edge	O
+probability	O
+image	O
+with	O
+the	O
+same	O
+wavelet	O
+as	O
+the	O
+original	O
+image	O
+permits	O
+the	O
+generation	O
+of	O
+adaptive	B-KEY
+filters	I-KEY
+that	O
+can	O
+recognize	O
+the	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+edges	O
+in	O
+all	O
+wavelet	O
+detail	O
+and	O
+approximation	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+regardless	O
+of	O
+scale	O
+.	O
+These	O
+matched	B-KEY
+filters	I-KEY
+permit	O
+significant	O
+reduction	O
+in	O
+image	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+without	O
+contributing	O
+to	O
+edge	O
+distortion	O
+.	O
+The	O
+spatially	B-KEY
+adaptive	I-KEY
+wavelet	I-KEY
+noise-filtering	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+is	O
+qualitatively	O
+and	O
+quantitatively	O
+compared	O
+to	O
+a	O
+frequency	O
+domain	O
+and	O
+two	O
+wavelet	O
+based	O
+noise	B-KEY
+suppression	I-KEY
+algorithms	O
+using	O
+both	O
+natural	O
+and	O
+computer	O
+generated	O
+noisy	O
+images	O
+
+Quality	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+metrics	I-KEY
+for	O
+synthetic	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+perceptual	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+differences	I-KEY
+Due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+improvement	O
+of	O
+image	B-KEY
+rendering	I-KEY
+processes	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+increasing	O
+importance	O
+of	O
+quantitative	O
+comparisons	O
+among	O
+synthetic	O
+color	B-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+essential	O
+to	O
+define	O
+perceptually	B-KEY
+based	I-KEY
+metrics	I-KEY
+which	O
+enable	O
+to	O
+objectively	O
+assess	O
+the	O
+visual	B-KEY
+quality	I-KEY
+of	O
+digital	B-KEY
+simulations	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+response	O
+to	O
+this	O
+need	O
+,	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+proposes	O
+a	O
+new	O
+methodology	O
+for	O
+the	O
+determination	O
+of	O
+an	O
+objective	O
+image	O
+quality	O
+metric	O
+,	O
+and	O
+gives	O
+an	O
+answer	O
+to	O
+this	O
+problem	O
+through	O
+three	O
+metrics	O
+.	O
+This	O
+methodology	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+LLAB	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+for	O
+perception	O
+of	O
+color	O
+in	O
+complex	O
+images	O
+,	O
+a	O
+modification	O
+of	O
+the	O
+CIELab1976	B-KEY
+color	I-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+first	O
+metric	O
+proposed	O
+is	O
+a	O
+pixel	B-KEY
+by	I-KEY
+pixel	I-KEY
+metric	I-KEY
+which	O
+introduces	O
+a	O
+local	B-KEY
+distance	I-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+between	O
+two	O
+images	O
+.	O
+The	O
+second	O
+metric	O
+associates	O
+,	O
+to	O
+a	O
+pair	O
+of	O
+images	O
+,	O
+a	O
+global	B-KEY
+value	I-KEY
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+the	O
+third	O
+metric	O
+uses	O
+a	O
+recursive	B-KEY
+subdivision	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+images	O
+to	O
+obtain	O
+an	O
+adaptative	B-KEY
+distance	I-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+,	O
+rougher	O
+but	O
+less	O
+expensive	O
+to	O
+compute	O
+than	O
+the	O
+first	O
+method	O
+
+Bayesian	B-KEY
+nonstationary	I-KEY
+autoregressive	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+for	O
+biomedical	B-KEY
+signal	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+We	O
+describe	O
+a	O
+variational	B-KEY
+Bayesian	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+estimation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+multivariate	O
+autoregressive	O
+model	O
+with	O
+time-varying	B-KEY
+coefficients	I-KEY
+that	O
+adapt	O
+according	O
+to	O
+a	O
+linear	B-KEY
+dynamical	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithm	O
+allows	O
+for	O
+time	O
+and	O
+frequency	B-KEY
+domain	I-KEY
+characterization	I-KEY
+of	O
+nonstationary	O
+multivariate	O
+signals	O
+and	O
+is	O
+especially	O
+suited	O
+to	O
+the	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+event-related	O
+data	O
+.	O
+Results	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+on	O
+synthetic	O
+data	O
+and	O
+real	O
+electroencephalogram	O
+data	O
+recorded	O
+in	O
+event-related	B-KEY
+desynchronization	I-KEY
+and	O
+photic	B-KEY
+synchronization	I-KEY
+scenarios	I-KEY
+
+Broadcasts	O
+keep	O
+staff	O
+in	O
+picture	O
+-LSB-	O
+intranets	O
+-RSB-	O
+Mark	O
+Hawkins	O
+,	O
+chief	O
+operating	O
+officer	O
+at	O
+UK-based	O
+streaming	B-KEY
+media	I-KEY
+specialist	O
+Twofourtv	B-KEY
+,	O
+explains	O
+how	O
+firms	O
+can	O
+benefit	O
+by	O
+linking	O
+their	O
+corporate	B-KEY
+intranets	I-KEY
+to	O
+broadcasting	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+
+Selecting	O
+rail	O
+grade	O
+crossing	O
+investments	O
+with	O
+a	O
+decision	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+The	O
+Federal	B-KEY
+Railroad	I-KEY
+Administration	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+FRA	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+series	O
+of	O
+rail	O
+and	O
+rail-related	O
+analysis	O
+tools	O
+that	O
+assist	O
+FRA	O
+officials	O
+,	O
+Metropolitan	B-KEY
+Planning	I-KEY
+Organizations	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MPOs	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+state	O
+Department	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Transportation	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DOT	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+and	O
+other	O
+constituents	O
+in	O
+evaluating	O
+the	O
+cost	O
+and	O
+benefits	O
+of	O
+potential	O
+infrastructure	B-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+.	O
+To	O
+meet	O
+agency	O
+objectives	O
+,	O
+the	O
+FRA	O
+wants	O
+to	O
+add	O
+a	O
+high-speed	B-KEY
+rail	I-KEY
+grade	I-KEY
+crossing	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+to	O
+its	O
+package	O
+of	O
+rail	O
+and	O
+rail-related	B-KEY
+intermodal	I-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+products	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+conceptual	O
+decision	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DSS	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+can	O
+assist	O
+officials	O
+in	O
+achieving	O
+this	O
+goal	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+first	O
+introduces	O
+the	O
+FRA	O
+'s	O
+objectives	O
+and	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+cost	B-KEY
+benefit	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+in	O
+achieving	O
+these	O
+objectives	O
+.	O
+Next	O
+,	O
+there	O
+is	O
+a	O
+discussion	O
+of	O
+the	O
+models	O
+needed	O
+to	O
+assess	O
+the	O
+feasibility	O
+of	O
+proposed	O
+high-speed	O
+rail	O
+grade	O
+crossing	O
+investments	O
+and	O
+the	O
+presentation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+decision	B-KEY
+support	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+DSS	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+can	O
+deliver	O
+these	O
+models	O
+transparently	O
+to	O
+users	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+,	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+illustrates	O
+a	O
+system	O
+session	O
+and	O
+examines	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+benefits	O
+from	O
+system	O
+use	O
+
+An	O
+intelligent	O
+fuzzy	O
+decision	O
+system	O
+for	O
+a	O
+flexible	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+with	O
+multi-decision	O
+points	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+an	O
+intelligent	O
+fuzzy	O
+decision	O
+support	O
+system	O
+for	O
+real-time	O
+scheduling	B-KEY
+and	O
+dispatching	O
+of	O
+parts	O
+in	O
+a	O
+flexible	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+FMS	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+with	O
+alternative	O
+routing	O
+possibilities	O
+for	O
+all	O
+parts	O
+.	O
+A	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+approach	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+system	O
+performance	O
+by	O
+considering	O
+multiple	O
+performance	O
+measures	O
+and	O
+at	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+decision	I-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+status	O
+,	O
+instead	O
+of	O
+parts	O
+,	O
+are	O
+fed	O
+back	O
+to	O
+assign	O
+priority	O
+to	O
+the	O
+parts	O
+waiting	O
+to	O
+be	O
+processed	O
+.	O
+A	O
+simulation	B-KEY
+model	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+and	O
+it	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+intelligent	O
+fuzzy	O
+decision	O
+support	O
+system	O
+keeps	O
+all	O
+performance	O
+measures	O
+at	O
+a	O
+good	O
+level	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+intelligent	O
+system	O
+is	O
+a	O
+promising	O
+tool	O
+for	O
+dealing	O
+with	O
+scheduling	B-KEY
+FMSs	O
+,	O
+in	O
+contrast	O
+to	O
+traditional	O
+rules	O
+
+Fuzzy	B-KEY
+polynomial	I-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+:	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+architectures	I-KEY
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+We	O
+introduce	O
+a	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+polynomial	I-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+FPNNs	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+hybrid	O
+modeling	O
+architecture	O
+combining	O
+polynomial	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+-LRB-	O
+PNNs	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+fuzzy	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+-LRB-	O
+FNNs	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+development	O
+of	O
+the	O
+FPNNs	O
+dwells	O
+on	O
+the	O
+technologies	O
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+intelligence	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CI	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+namely	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+,	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+,	O
+and	O
+genetic	B-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+structure	O
+of	O
+the	O
+FPNN	O
+results	O
+from	O
+a	O
+synergistic	O
+usage	O
+of	O
+FNN	O
+and	O
+PNN	O
+.	O
+FNNs	O
+contribute	O
+to	O
+the	O
+formation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+premise	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+rule-based	O
+structure	O
+of	O
+the	O
+FPNN	O
+.	O
+The	O
+consequence	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+FPNN	O
+is	O
+designed	O
+using	O
+PNNs	O
+.	O
+The	O
+structure	O
+of	O
+the	O
+PNN	O
+is	O
+not	O
+fixed	O
+in	O
+advance	O
+as	O
+it	O
+usually	O
+takes	O
+place	O
+in	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+conventional	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+,	O
+but	O
+becomes	O
+organized	O
+dynamically	O
+to	O
+meet	O
+the	O
+required	O
+approximation	O
+error	O
+.	O
+We	O
+exploit	O
+a	O
+group	B-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+handling	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+GMDH	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+produce	O
+this	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+topology	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+network	O
+.	O
+The	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+FPNN	O
+is	O
+quantified	O
+through	O
+experimentation	O
+that	O
+exploits	O
+standard	O
+data	O
+already	O
+used	O
+in	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+modeling	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+obtained	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+reveal	O
+that	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+networks	O
+exhibit	O
+high	O
+accuracy	O
+and	O
+generalization	O
+capabilities	O
+in	O
+comparison	O
+to	O
+other	O
+similar	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+
+Optimize/sup	O
+IT	O
+/	O
+robot	O
+condition	B-KEY
+monitoring	I-KEY
+tool	O
+As	O
+robots	O
+have	O
+gained	O
+more	O
+and	O
+more	O
+`	O
+humanlike	O
+'	O
+capability	O
+,	O
+users	O
+have	O
+looked	O
+increasingly	O
+to	O
+their	O
+builders	O
+for	O
+ways	O
+to	O
+measure	O
+the	O
+critical	O
+variables-the	O
+robotic	O
+equivalent	O
+of	O
+a	O
+physical	O
+check-up-in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+monitor	O
+their	O
+condition	O
+and	O
+schedule	O
+maintenance	O
+more	O
+effectively	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+all	O
+the	O
+more	O
+essential	O
+considering	O
+the	O
+tremendous	O
+pressure	O
+there	O
+is	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+productivity	O
+in	O
+today	O
+'s	O
+global	O
+markets	O
+.	O
+Developed	O
+for	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+robots	I-KEY
+with	O
+an	O
+S4-family	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+and	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+company	O
+'s	O
+broad	O
+process	O
+know-how	O
+,	O
+Optimize/sup	O
+IT	O
+/	O
+robot	O
+condition	B-KEY
+monitoring	I-KEY
+offers	O
+maintenance	O
+routines	O
+with	O
+embedded	O
+checklists	O
+that	O
+give	O
+a	O
+clear	O
+indication	O
+of	O
+a	O
+robot	O
+'s	O
+operating	O
+condition	O
+.	O
+It	O
+performs	O
+semi-automatic	B-KEY
+measurements	I-KEY
+that	O
+support	O
+engineers	O
+during	O
+trouble-shooting	O
+and	O
+enable	O
+action	O
+to	O
+be	O
+taken	O
+to	O
+prevent	O
+unplanned	O
+stops	O
+.	O
+By	O
+comparing	O
+these	O
+measurements	O
+with	O
+reference	O
+data	O
+,	O
+negative	O
+trends	O
+can	O
+be	O
+detected	O
+early	O
+and	O
+potential	O
+breakdowns	O
+predicted	O
+.	O
+Armed	O
+with	O
+all	O
+these	O
+features	O
+,	O
+Optimize/sup	O
+IT	O
+/	O
+robot	O
+condition	B-KEY
+monitoring	I-KEY
+provides	O
+the	O
+ideal	O
+basis	O
+for	O
+reliability-centered	B-KEY
+maintenance	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+RCM	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+robots	O
+
+Innovative	O
+phase	B-KEY
+unwrapping	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+:	O
+hybrid	O
+approach	O
+We	O
+present	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+algorithm	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+hybrid	O
+of	O
+the	O
+global	O
+and	O
+local	B-KEY
+treatment	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+wrapped	B-KEY
+map	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+especially	O
+effective	O
+for	O
+the	O
+unwrapping	O
+of	O
+speckle-coded	B-KEY
+interferogram	I-KEY
+contour	I-KEY
+maps	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+contrast	O
+to	O
+earlier	O
+unwrapping	B-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+by	O
+region	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+local	B-KEY
+discontinuity-restoring	I-KEY
+criterion	I-KEY
+to	O
+serve	O
+as	O
+the	O
+preprocessor	O
+or	O
+postprocessor	B-KEY
+of	O
+our	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+makes	O
+the	O
+unwrapping	O
+by	O
+region	O
+much	O
+easier	O
+and	O
+more	O
+efficient	O
+.	O
+With	O
+this	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+robust	O
+,	O
+stable	O
+,	O
+and	O
+especially	O
+time	O
+effective	O
+phase	O
+unwrapping	O
+can	O
+be	O
+achieved	O
+.	O
+Additionally	O
+,	O
+the	O
+criterion	O
+and	O
+limitation	O
+of	O
+this	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+are	O
+fully	O
+described	O
+.	O
+The	O
+robustness	O
+,	O
+stability	O
+,	O
+and	O
+speed	O
+of	O
+this	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+are	O
+also	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+can	O
+be	O
+easily	O
+upgraded	O
+with	O
+minor	O
+modifications	O
+to	O
+solve	O
+the	O
+unwrapping	B-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+of	O
+maps	O
+with	O
+phase	B-KEY
+inconsistency	I-KEY
+.	O
+Both	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+and	O
+experimental	O
+applications	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+
+Building	O
+digital	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+at	O
+the	O
+OAC	B-KEY
+:	O
+current	O
+strategies	O
+with	O
+a	O
+view	O
+to	O
+future	B-KEY
+uses	I-KEY
+Providing	O
+a	O
+context	O
+for	O
+the	O
+exploration	O
+of	O
+user	B-KEY
+defined	I-KEY
+virtual	I-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+article	O
+describes	O
+the	O
+history	B-KEY
+and	O
+recent	O
+development	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Online	B-KEY
+Archive	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+California	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+OAC	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Stating	O
+that	O
+usability	O
+and	O
+user	B-KEY
+needs	I-KEY
+are	O
+primary	O
+factors	O
+in	O
+digital	B-KEY
+resource	I-KEY
+development	O
+,	O
+issues	O
+explored	O
+include	O
+collaborations	O
+to	O
+build	O
+digital	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+,	O
+reliance	O
+upon	O
+professional	B-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+for	O
+description	O
+and	O
+encoding	O
+,	O
+system	B-KEY
+architecture	I-KEY
+,	O
+interface	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+user	B-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+archivists	O
+as	O
+interpreters	O
+in	O
+the	O
+digital	B-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+
+Simulation	O
+of	O
+evacuation	O
+processes	O
+using	O
+a	O
+bionics-inspired	B-KEY
+cellular	I-KEY
+automaton	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+pedestrian	B-KEY
+dynamics	I-KEY
+We	O
+present	O
+simulations	O
+of	O
+evacuation	O
+processes	O
+using	O
+a	O
+recently	O
+introduced	O
+cellular	O
+automaton	O
+model	O
+for	O
+pedestrian	B-KEY
+dynamics	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+model	O
+applies	O
+a	O
+bionics	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+interaction	O
+between	O
+the	O
+pedestrians	O
+using	O
+ideas	O
+from	O
+chemotaxis	B-KEY
+.	O
+Here	O
+we	O
+study	O
+a	O
+rather	O
+simple	O
+situation	O
+,	O
+namely	O
+the	O
+evacuation	O
+from	O
+a	O
+large	O
+room	O
+with	O
+one	O
+or	O
+two	O
+doors	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+variation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+model	O
+parameters	O
+allows	O
+to	O
+describe	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+behaviour	O
+,	O
+from	O
+regular	O
+to	O
+panic	O
+.	O
+We	O
+find	O
+a	O
+non-monotonic	O
+dependence	O
+of	O
+the	O
+evacuation	O
+times	O
+on	O
+the	O
+coupling	B-KEY
+constants	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+times	O
+depend	O
+on	O
+the	O
+strength	O
+of	O
+the	O
+herding	B-KEY
+behaviour	I-KEY
+,	O
+with	O
+minimal	O
+evacuation	O
+times	O
+for	O
+some	O
+intermediate	O
+values	O
+of	O
+the	O
+couplings	O
+,	O
+i.e.	O
+,	O
+a	O
+proper	O
+combination	O
+of	O
+herding	O
+and	O
+use	O
+of	O
+knowledge	O
+about	O
+the	O
+shortest	O
+way	O
+to	O
+the	O
+exit	O
+
+The	O
+social	B-KEY
+impact	I-KEY
+of	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+gambling	I-KEY
+Technology	O
+has	O
+always	O
+played	O
+a	O
+role	O
+in	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+gambling	O
+practices	O
+and	O
+continues	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+new	O
+market	B-KEY
+opportunities	I-KEY
+.	O
+One	O
+of	O
+the	O
+fastest	O
+growing	O
+areas	O
+is	O
+that	O
+of	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+gambling	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+such	O
+technologies	O
+should	O
+not	O
+be	O
+accepted	O
+uncritically	O
+,	O
+particularly	O
+as	O
+there	O
+may	O
+be	O
+areas	O
+of	O
+potential	O
+concern	O
+based	O
+on	O
+what	O
+is	O
+known	O
+about	O
+problem	O
+gambling	O
+offline	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+has	O
+three	O
+aims	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+it	O
+overviews	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+main	O
+social	O
+concerns	O
+about	O
+the	O
+rise	O
+of	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+gambling	I-KEY
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+it	O
+looks	O
+at	O
+the	O
+limited	O
+research	O
+that	O
+has	O
+been	O
+carried	O
+out	O
+in	O
+this	O
+area	O
+.	O
+Third	O
+,	O
+it	O
+examines	O
+whether	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+gambling	I-KEY
+is	O
+doubly	O
+addictive	B-KEY
+,	O
+given	O
+research	O
+that	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+can	O
+be	O
+addictive	B-KEY
+itself	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+concluded	O
+that	O
+technological	B-KEY
+developments	I-KEY
+in	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+gambling	I-KEY
+will	O
+increase	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+for	O
+problem	O
+gambling	O
+globally	O
+,	O
+but	O
+that	O
+many	O
+of	O
+the	O
+ideas	O
+and	O
+speculations	O
+outlined	O
+in	O
+this	O
+article	O
+need	O
+to	O
+be	O
+addressed	O
+further	O
+by	O
+large-scale	O
+empirical	O
+studies	O
+
+Designing	O
+and	O
+delivering	O
+a	O
+university	O
+course	O
+-	O
+a	O
+process	O
+-LRB-	O
+or	O
+operations	O
+-RRB-	O
+management	B-KEY
+perspective	I-KEY
+With	O
+over	O
+30	O
+years	O
+of	O
+academic	B-KEY
+experience	I-KEY
+in	O
+both	O
+engineering	O
+and	O
+management	B-KEY
+faculties	I-KEY
+,	O
+involving	O
+trial	O
+and	O
+error	O
+experimentation	O
+in	O
+teaching	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+reading	O
+relevant	O
+literature	O
+and	O
+observing	O
+other	O
+instructors	O
+in	O
+action	O
+,	O
+the	O
+author	O
+has	O
+accumulated	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+ideas	O
+,	O
+regarding	O
+the	O
+preparation	O
+and	O
+delivery	O
+of	O
+a	O
+university	O
+course	O
+,	O
+that	O
+should	O
+be	O
+of	O
+interest	O
+to	O
+other	O
+instructors	O
+.	O
+This	O
+should	O
+be	O
+particularly	O
+the	O
+case	O
+for	O
+those	O
+individuals	O
+who	O
+have	O
+had	O
+little	O
+or	O
+no	O
+teaching	O
+experience	O
+-LRB-	O
+e.g.	O
+those	O
+whose	O
+graduate	O
+education	O
+was	O
+recently	O
+completed	O
+at	O
+research-oriented	O
+institutions	O
+providing	O
+little	O
+guidance	O
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+teaching	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+A	O
+particular	O
+perspective	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+convey	O
+the	O
+ideas	O
+,	O
+namely	O
+one	O
+of	O
+viewing	O
+the	O
+preparation	O
+and	O
+delivery	O
+of	O
+a	O
+course	O
+as	O
+two	O
+major	O
+processes	O
+that	O
+should	O
+provide	O
+outputs	O
+or	O
+outcomes	O
+that	O
+are	O
+of	O
+value	O
+to	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+customers	O
+,	O
+in	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+students	O
+
+NuVox	O
+shows	O
+staying	O
+power	O
+with	O
+new	O
+cash	O
+,	O
+new	O
+market	O
+Who	O
+says	O
+you	O
+ca	O
+n't	O
+raise	O
+cash	O
+in	O
+today	O
+'s	O
+telecom	B-KEY
+market	O
+?	O
+NuVox	B-KEY
+Communications	I-KEY
+positions	O
+itself	O
+for	O
+the	O
+long	O
+run	O
+with	O
+$	O
+78.5	O
+million	O
+in	O
+funding	O
+and	O
+a	O
+new	O
+credit	O
+facility	O
+
+I-WAP	B-KEY
+:	O
+an	O
+intelligent	B-KEY
+WAP	I-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+The	O
+popularity	O
+regarding	O
+wireless	B-KEY
+communications	I-KEY
+is	O
+such	O
+that	O
+more	O
+and	O
+more	O
+WAP	O
+sites	O
+have	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+with	O
+wireless	B-KEY
+markup	I-KEY
+language	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+WML	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Meanwhile	O
+,	O
+to	O
+translate	O
+hypertext	B-KEY
+markup	I-KEY
+language	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+HTML	O
+-RRB-	O
+pages	O
+into	O
+proper	O
+WML	O
+ones	O
+becomes	O
+imperative	O
+since	O
+it	O
+is	O
+difficult	O
+for	O
+WAP	O
+users	O
+to	O
+read	O
+most	O
+contents	O
+designed	O
+for	O
+PC	O
+users	O
+via	O
+their	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+phone	I-KEY
+screens	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+for	O
+those	O
+sites	O
+that	O
+have	O
+been	O
+maintained	O
+with	O
+hypertext	B-KEY
+markup	I-KEY
+language	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+HTML	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+considerable	O
+time	O
+and	O
+manpower	O
+costs	O
+will	O
+be	O
+incurred	O
+to	O
+rebuild	O
+them	O
+with	O
+WML	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+an	O
+intelligent	B-KEY
+WAP	I-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+to	O
+cope	O
+with	O
+these	O
+problems	O
+.	O
+With	O
+the	O
+help	O
+of	O
+the	O
+intelligent	O
+management	O
+system	O
+,	O
+the	O
+original	O
+contents	O
+of	O
+HTML	O
+Web	O
+sites	O
+can	O
+be	O
+automatically	O
+translated	O
+to	O
+proper	O
+WAP	O
+content	O
+in	O
+an	O
+efficient	O
+way	O
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+consequence	O
+,	O
+the	O
+costs	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+maintaining	O
+WAP	O
+sites	O
+could	O
+be	O
+significantly	O
+reduced	O
+.	O
+The	O
+management	O
+system	O
+also	O
+allows	O
+the	O
+system	O
+manager	O
+to	O
+define	O
+the	O
+relevance	O
+of	O
+numerals	O
+and	O
+keywords	O
+for	O
+removing	O
+unimportant	O
+or	O
+meaningless	O
+contents	O
+.	O
+The	O
+original	O
+contents	O
+will	O
+be	O
+reduced	O
+and	O
+reorganized	O
+to	O
+fit	O
+the	O
+size	O
+of	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+phone	I-KEY
+screens	O
+,	O
+thus	O
+reducing	O
+the	O
+communication	B-KEY
+cost	I-KEY
+and	O
+enhancing	O
+readability	B-KEY
+.	O
+Numerical	O
+results	O
+gained	O
+through	O
+various	O
+experiments	O
+have	O
+evinced	O
+the	O
+effective	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+WAP	O
+management	O
+system	O
+
+Control	O
+of	O
+combustion	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+in	O
+an	O
+internal	B-KEY
+combustion	I-KEY
+engine	I-KEY
+by	O
+low-temperature	B-KEY
+plasma	I-KEY
+A	O
+new	O
+method	O
+of	O
+operation	O
+of	O
+internal	B-KEY
+combustion	I-KEY
+engines	I-KEY
+enhances	O
+power	O
+and	O
+reduces	O
+fuel	B-KEY
+consumption	I-KEY
+and	O
+exhaust	B-KEY
+toxicity	I-KEY
+.	O
+Low-temperature	B-KEY
+plasma	I-KEY
+control	O
+combines	O
+working	B-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+of	O
+thermal	B-KEY
+engines	I-KEY
+and	O
+steam	B-KEY
+machines	I-KEY
+into	O
+a	O
+single	O
+process	O
+
+Who	O
+Wants	O
+To	O
+Be	O
+A	O
+Millionaire	O
+-LRB-	O
+R	O
+-RRB-	O
+:	O
+The	O
+classroom	B-KEY
+edition	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+introduces	O
+a	O
+version	O
+of	O
+the	O
+internationally	O
+popular	O
+television	O
+game	O
+show	O
+Who	O
+Wants	O
+To	O
+Be	O
+A	O
+Millionaire	O
+-LRB-	O
+R	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+has	O
+been	O
+created	O
+for	O
+use	O
+in	O
+the	O
+classroom	B-KEY
+using	O
+Microsoft	O
+PowerPoint	O
+-LRB-	O
+R	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+A	O
+suggested	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+its	O
+classroom	B-KEY
+use	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+,	O
+instructions	O
+on	O
+operating	O
+and	O
+editing	O
+the	O
+classroom	B-KEY
+version	O
+of	O
+Who	O
+Wants	O
+To	O
+Be	O
+A	O
+Millionaire	O
+-LRB-	O
+R	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+provided	O
+,	O
+and	O
+sample	O
+feedback	O
+from	O
+students	O
+who	O
+have	O
+played	O
+the	O
+classroom	O
+version	O
+of	O
+Who	O
+Wants	O
+To	O
+Be	O
+A	O
+Millionaire	O
+-LRB-	O
+R	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+offered	O
+
+Firewall	O
+card	O
+shields	O
+data	O
+The	O
+SlotShield	B-KEY
+3000	I-KEY
+firewall	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+PCI	B-KEY
+card	I-KEY
+saves	O
+power	O
+and	O
+space	O
+,	O
+but	O
+might	O
+not	O
+offer	O
+enough	O
+security	B-KEY
+for	O
+large	B-KEY
+networks	I-KEY
+
+Spectral	B-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+linear	O
+systems	O
+over	O
+a	O
+bounded	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+interval	I-KEY
+Consideration	O
+was	O
+given	O
+to	O
+the	O
+spectral	B-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+linear	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+over	O
+a	O
+bounded	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+interval	I-KEY
+.	O
+Singular	B-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+of	O
+standard	B-KEY
+dynamic	I-KEY
+blocks	I-KEY
+,	O
+transcendental	B-KEY
+characteristic	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+partial	B-KEY
+spectra	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+singular	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+were	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+Relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+spectra	O
+under	O
+study	O
+and	O
+the	O
+classical	O
+frequency	B-KEY
+characteristic	I-KEY
+was	O
+demonstrated	O
+
+The	O
+creation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+high-fidelity	B-KEY
+finite	I-KEY
+element	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+kidney	B-KEY
+for	O
+use	O
+in	O
+trauma	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+A	O
+detailed	O
+finite	O
+element	O
+model	O
+of	O
+the	O
+human	O
+kidney	B-KEY
+for	O
+trauma	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+created	O
+directly	O
+from	O
+the	O
+National	B-KEY
+Library	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Medicine	I-KEY
+Visible	O
+Human	O
+Female	O
+-LRB-	O
+VHF	O
+-RRB-	O
+Project	O
+data	O
+set	O
+.	O
+An	O
+image	B-KEY
+segmentation	I-KEY
+and	O
+organ	B-KEY
+reconstruction	I-KEY
+software	B-KEY
+package	I-KEY
+has	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+and	O
+employed	O
+to	O
+transform	O
+the	O
+2D	B-KEY
+VHF	I-KEY
+images	I-KEY
+into	O
+a	O
+3D	B-KEY
+polygonal	I-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+.	O
+Nonuniform	O
+rational	O
+B-spline	O
+-LRB-	O
+NURBS	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+surfaces	O
+were	O
+then	O
+mapped	O
+to	O
+the	O
+polygonal	B-KEY
+surfaces	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+were	O
+finally	O
+utilized	O
+to	O
+create	O
+a	O
+robust	O
+3D	B-KEY
+hexahedral	I-KEY
+finite	I-KEY
+element	I-KEY
+mesh	I-KEY
+within	O
+a	O
+commercially	O
+available	O
+meshing	O
+software	O
+.	O
+The	O
+model	O
+employs	O
+a	O
+combined	O
+viscoelastic	O
+and	O
+hyperelastic	B-KEY
+material	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+to	O
+successfully	O
+simulate	O
+the	O
+behaviour	O
+of	O
+biological	B-KEY
+soft	I-KEY
+tissues	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+finite	O
+element	O
+model	O
+was	O
+then	O
+validated	O
+for	O
+use	O
+in	O
+biomechanical	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+
+Design	O
+of	O
+PID-type	B-KEY
+controllers	I-KEY
+using	O
+multiobjective	B-KEY
+genetic	I-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+The	O
+design	O
+of	O
+a	O
+PID	O
+controller	O
+is	O
+a	O
+multiobjective	O
+problem	O
+.	O
+A	O
+plant	O
+and	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+specifications	O
+to	O
+be	O
+satisfied	O
+are	O
+given	O
+.	O
+The	O
+designer	O
+has	O
+to	O
+adjust	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+the	O
+PID	O
+controller	O
+such	O
+that	O
+the	O
+feedback	B-KEY
+interconnection	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+plant	O
+and	O
+the	O
+controller	O
+satisfies	O
+the	O
+specifications	O
+.	O
+These	O
+specifications	O
+are	O
+usually	O
+competitive	O
+and	O
+any	O
+acceptable	O
+solution	O
+requires	O
+a	O
+tradeoff	O
+among	O
+them	O
+.	O
+An	O
+approach	O
+for	O
+adjusting	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+a	O
+PID	O
+controller	O
+based	O
+on	O
+multiobjective	O
+optimization	O
+and	O
+genetic	O
+algorithms	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+The	O
+MRCD	O
+-LRB-	O
+multiobjective	B-KEY
+robust	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+genetic	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+been	O
+employed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+can	O
+be	O
+easily	O
+generalized	O
+to	O
+design	O
+multivariable	O
+coupled	O
+and	O
+decentralized	B-KEY
+PID	I-KEY
+loops	I-KEY
+and	O
+has	O
+been	O
+successfully	O
+validated	O
+for	O
+a	O
+large	O
+number	O
+of	O
+experimental	O
+cases	O
+
+Security	B-KEY
+crisis	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+-	O
+the	O
+basics	O
+Of	O
+the	O
+more	O
+pervasive	O
+problems	O
+in	O
+any	O
+kind	O
+of	O
+security	B-KEY
+event	I-KEY
+is	O
+how	O
+the	O
+security	B-KEY
+event	I-KEY
+is	O
+managed	O
+from	O
+the	O
+inception	O
+to	O
+the	O
+end	O
+.	O
+There	O
+'s	O
+a	O
+lot	O
+written	O
+about	O
+how	O
+to	O
+manage	O
+a	O
+specific	O
+incident	O
+or	O
+how	O
+to	O
+deal	O
+with	O
+a	O
+point	O
+problem	O
+such	O
+as	O
+a	O
+firewall	B-KEY
+log	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+little	O
+tends	O
+to	O
+be	O
+written	O
+about	O
+how	O
+to	O
+deal	O
+with	O
+the	O
+management	O
+of	O
+a	O
+security	B-KEY
+event	I-KEY
+as	O
+part	O
+of	O
+corporate	B-KEY
+crisis	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+basics	O
+of	O
+security	B-KEY
+crisis	I-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+and	O
+of	O
+the	O
+logical	O
+steps	O
+required	O
+to	O
+ensure	O
+that	O
+a	O
+security	O
+crisis	O
+does	O
+not	O
+get	O
+out	O
+of	O
+hand	O
+
+The	O
+plot	O
+thins	O
+:	O
+thin-client	B-KEY
+computer	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+and	O
+academic	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+The	O
+few	O
+libraries	O
+that	O
+have	O
+tried	O
+thin	O
+client	O
+architectures	O
+have	O
+noted	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+compelling	O
+reasons	O
+to	O
+do	O
+so	O
+.	O
+For	O
+starters	O
+,	O
+thin	O
+client	O
+devices	O
+are	O
+far	O
+less	O
+expensive	O
+than	O
+most	O
+PCs	O
+.	O
+More	O
+importantly	O
+,	O
+thin	O
+client	O
+computing	O
+devices	O
+are	O
+believed	O
+to	O
+be	O
+far	O
+less	O
+expensive	O
+to	O
+manage	O
+and	O
+support	O
+than	O
+traditional	O
+PCs	O
+
+Support	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+machines	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+classification	O
+of	O
+thermal	O
+error	O
+in	O
+machine	O
+tools	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+addresses	O
+a	O
+change	O
+in	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+machine	B-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+thermal	I-KEY
+error	I-KEY
+prediction	I-KEY
+which	O
+has	O
+been	O
+hitherto	O
+carried	O
+out	O
+by	O
+directly	O
+mapping	O
+them	O
+with	O
+the	O
+temperature	O
+of	O
+critical	O
+elements	O
+on	O
+the	O
+machine	O
+.	O
+The	O
+model	O
+developed	O
+herein	O
+using	O
+support	O
+vector	O
+machines	O
+,	O
+a	O
+powerful	O
+data-training	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+,	O
+seeks	O
+to	O
+account	O
+for	O
+the	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+specific	O
+operating	O
+conditions	O
+,	O
+in	O
+addition	O
+to	O
+temperature	O
+variation	O
+,	O
+on	O
+the	O
+effective	O
+prediction	O
+of	O
+thermal	O
+errors	O
+.	O
+Several	O
+experiments	O
+were	O
+conducted	O
+to	O
+study	O
+the	O
+error	B-KEY
+pattern	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+was	O
+found	O
+to	O
+change	O
+significantly	O
+with	O
+variation	O
+in	O
+operating	O
+conditions	O
+.	O
+This	O
+model	O
+attempts	O
+to	O
+classify	O
+the	O
+error	O
+based	O
+on	O
+operating	O
+conditions	O
+.	O
+Once	O
+classified	O
+,	O
+the	O
+error	O
+is	O
+then	O
+predicted	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+temperature	O
+states	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+also	O
+briefly	O
+describes	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+such	O
+a	O
+comprehensive	O
+model	O
+along	O
+with	O
+an	O
+on-line	O
+error	O
+assessment	O
+and	O
+calibration	O
+system	O
+in	O
+a	O
+PC-based	B-KEY
+open-architecture	I-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+it	O
+could	O
+be	O
+employed	O
+in	O
+regular	O
+production	O
+for	O
+the	O
+purpose	O
+of	O
+periodic	O
+calibration	O
+of	O
+machine	O
+tools	O
+
+Estimating	O
+populations	O
+for	O
+collective	B-KEY
+dose	I-KEY
+calculations	I-KEY
+The	O
+collective	O
+dose	O
+provides	O
+an	O
+estimate	O
+of	O
+the	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+facility	B-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+public	B-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+an	O
+estimate	O
+of	O
+the	O
+population	O
+in	O
+the	O
+area	O
+.	O
+Geographic	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+,	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+population	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+resources	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+personal	B-KEY
+computer	I-KEY
+were	O
+used	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+estimates	O
+of	O
+population	O
+within	O
+80	O
+km	O
+radii	O
+of	O
+two	O
+sites	O
+
+Embedding	O
+of	O
+level-continuous	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+on	O
+Banach	O
+spaces	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+we	O
+present	O
+an	O
+extension	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Minkowski	O
+embedding	O
+theorem	O
+,	O
+showing	O
+the	O
+existence	O
+of	O
+an	O
+isometric	B-KEY
+embedding	I-KEY
+between	O
+the	O
+classF/sub	O
+c	O
+/	O
+-LRB-	O
+X	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+compact-convex	O
+and	O
+level-continuous	B-KEY
+fuzzy	I-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+real	B-KEY
+separable	I-KEY
+Banach	I-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+X	O
+and	O
+C	O
+-LRB-	O
+-LSB-	O
+0	O
+,	O
+1	O
+-RSB-	O
+*	O
+B	O
+-LRB-	O
+X	O
+*	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Banach	O
+space	O
+of	O
+real	B-KEY
+continuous	I-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+defined	O
+on	O
+the	O
+cartesian	B-KEY
+product	I-KEY
+between	O
+-LSB-	O
+0	O
+,	O
+1	O
+-RSB-	O
+and	O
+the	O
+unit	B-KEY
+ball	I-KEY
+B	O
+-LRB-	O
+X	O
+*	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+the	O
+dual	B-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+X	O
+*	O
+.	O
+Also	O
+,	O
+by	O
+using	O
+this	O
+embedding	O
+,	O
+we	O
+give	O
+some	O
+applications	O
+to	O
+the	O
+characterization	O
+of	O
+relatively	O
+compact	O
+subsets	O
+of	O
+F/sub	O
+c	O
+/	O
+-LRB-	O
+X	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+In	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+an	O
+Ascoli-Arzela	B-KEY
+type	I-KEY
+theorem	I-KEY
+is	O
+proved	O
+and	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+solving	O
+the	O
+Cauchy	B-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+x	O
+-LRB-	O
+t	O
+-RRB-	O
+=	O
+f	O
+-LRB-	O
+t	O
+,	O
+x	O
+-LRB-	O
+t	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+x	O
+-LRB-	O
+t/sub	O
+0	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+=	O
+x/sub	O
+0	O
+/	O
+on	O
+F/sub	O
+c	O
+/	O
+-LRB-	O
+X	O
+-RRB-	O
+
+Knowledge	O
+management-capturing	O
+the	O
+skills	O
+of	O
+key	B-KEY
+performers	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+power	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+The	O
+growing	O
+pressure	O
+to	O
+reduce	O
+the	O
+cost	O
+of	O
+electrical	O
+power	O
+in	O
+recent	O
+years	O
+has	O
+resulted	O
+in	O
+an	O
+enormous	O
+``	O
+brain-drain	B-KEY
+''	O
+within	O
+the	O
+power	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+novel	O
+approach	O
+has	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+by	O
+Eskom	B-KEY
+to	O
+capture	O
+these	O
+skills	O
+before	O
+they	O
+are	O
+lost	O
+and	O
+to	O
+incorporate	O
+these	O
+into	O
+a	O
+computer-based	B-KEY
+programme	I-KEY
+called	O
+``	O
+knowledge	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+''	O
+
+Online	B-KEY
+longitudinal	I-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+:	O
+viability	O
+and	O
+participation	O
+This	O
+article	O
+explores	O
+the	O
+viability	O
+of	O
+conducting	O
+longitudinal	O
+survey	O
+research	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+in	O
+samples	O
+exposed	O
+to	O
+trauma	B-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+questionnaire	B-KEY
+battery	O
+assessing	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+adjustment	I-KEY
+following	O
+adverse	O
+life	O
+experiences	O
+was	O
+posted	O
+online	O
+.	O
+Participants	O
+who	O
+signed	O
+up	O
+to	O
+take	O
+part	O
+in	O
+the	O
+longitudinal	O
+aspect	O
+of	O
+the	O
+study	O
+were	O
+contacted	O
+3	O
+and	O
+6	O
+months	O
+after	O
+initial	O
+participation	O
+to	O
+complete	O
+the	O
+second	O
+and	O
+third	O
+waves	O
+of	O
+the	O
+research	O
+.	O
+Issues	O
+of	O
+data	B-KEY
+screening	I-KEY
+and	O
+sample	B-KEY
+attrition	I-KEY
+rates	I-KEY
+are	O
+considered	O
+and	O
+the	O
+demographic	B-KEY
+profiles	I-KEY
+and	O
+questionnaire	B-KEY
+scores	O
+of	O
+those	O
+who	O
+did	O
+and	O
+did	O
+not	O
+take	O
+part	O
+in	O
+the	O
+study	O
+during	O
+successive	O
+time	O
+points	O
+are	O
+compared	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+demonstrate	O
+that	O
+it	O
+is	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+conduct	O
+repeated	O
+measures	O
+survey	O
+research	O
+online	O
+and	O
+that	O
+the	O
+similarity	O
+in	O
+characteristics	O
+between	O
+those	O
+who	O
+do	O
+and	O
+do	O
+not	O
+take	O
+part	O
+during	O
+successive	O
+time	O
+points	O
+mirrors	O
+that	O
+found	O
+in	O
+traditional	O
+pencil-and-paper	O
+trauma	B-KEY
+surveys	O
+
+How	O
+should	O
+team	O
+captains	O
+order	O
+golfers	O
+on	O
+the	O
+final	O
+day	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Ryder	O
+Cup	O
+matches	O
+?	O
+I	O
+used	O
+game	B-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+to	O
+examine	O
+how	O
+team	O
+captains	O
+should	O
+select	O
+their	O
+slates	B-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+final	O
+day	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Ryder	O
+Cup	O
+matches	O
+.	O
+Under	O
+the	O
+assumption	O
+that	O
+golfers	O
+have	O
+different	O
+abilities	O
+and	O
+are	O
+not	O
+influenced	O
+by	O
+pressure	O
+or	O
+momentum	O
+,	O
+I	O
+found	O
+that	O
+drawing	O
+names	O
+from	O
+a	O
+hat	O
+will	O
+do	O
+no	O
+worse	O
+than	O
+any	O
+other	O
+strategy	O
+
+Self-calibration	O
+from	O
+image	O
+derivatives	O
+This	O
+study	O
+investigates	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+estimating	O
+camera	B-KEY
+calibration	I-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+from	O
+image	O
+motion	O
+fields	O
+induced	O
+by	O
+a	O
+rigidly	O
+moving	O
+camera	O
+with	O
+unknown	O
+parameters	O
+,	O
+where	O
+the	O
+image	O
+formation	O
+is	O
+modeled	O
+with	O
+a	O
+linear	O
+pinhole-camera	O
+model	O
+.	O
+The	O
+equations	O
+obtained	O
+show	O
+the	O
+flow	O
+to	O
+be	O
+separated	O
+into	O
+a	O
+component	O
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+translation	O
+and	O
+the	O
+calibration	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+component	O
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+rotation	O
+and	O
+the	O
+calibration	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+set	O
+of	O
+parameters	O
+encoding	O
+the	O
+latter	O
+component	O
+is	O
+linearly	O
+related	O
+to	O
+the	O
+flow	O
+,	O
+and	O
+from	O
+these	O
+parameters	O
+the	O
+calibration	O
+can	O
+be	O
+determined	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+as	O
+for	O
+discrete	O
+motion	O
+,	O
+in	O
+general	O
+it	O
+is	O
+not	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+decouple	O
+image	B-KEY
+measurements	I-KEY
+obtained	O
+from	O
+only	O
+two	O
+frames	O
+into	O
+translational	O
+and	O
+rotational	B-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+.	O
+Geometrically	O
+,	O
+the	O
+ambiguity	O
+takes	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+a	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+rotational	B-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+being	O
+parallel	O
+to	O
+the	O
+translational	B-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+thus	O
+the	O
+scene	O
+can	O
+be	O
+reconstructed	O
+only	O
+up	O
+to	O
+a	O
+projective	O
+transformation	O
+.	O
+In	O
+general	O
+,	O
+for	O
+full	O
+calibration	O
+at	O
+least	O
+four	O
+successive	O
+image	O
+frames	O
+are	O
+necessary	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+3D	O
+rotation	O
+changing	O
+between	O
+the	O
+measurements	O
+.	O
+The	O
+geometric	O
+analysis	O
+gives	O
+rise	O
+to	O
+a	O
+direct	B-KEY
+self-calibration	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+that	O
+avoids	O
+computation	O
+of	O
+optical	B-KEY
+flow	I-KEY
+or	O
+point	B-KEY
+correspondences	I-KEY
+and	O
+uses	O
+only	O
+normal	B-KEY
+flow	I-KEY
+measurements	I-KEY
+.	O
+New	O
+constraints	O
+on	O
+the	O
+smoothness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+surfaces	O
+in	O
+view	O
+are	O
+formulated	O
+to	O
+relate	O
+structure	O
+and	O
+motion	O
+directly	O
+to	O
+image	O
+derivatives	O
+,	O
+and	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+these	O
+constraints	O
+the	O
+transformation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+viewing	O
+geometry	O
+between	O
+consecutive	O
+images	O
+is	O
+estimated	O
+.	O
+The	O
+calibration	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+are	O
+then	O
+estimated	O
+from	O
+the	O
+rotational	B-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+of	O
+several	O
+flow	O
+fields	O
+.	O
+As	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+technique	O
+neither	O
+requires	O
+a	O
+special	O
+set	O
+up	O
+nor	O
+needs	O
+exact	O
+correspondence	O
+it	O
+is	O
+potentially	O
+useful	O
+for	O
+the	O
+calibration	O
+of	O
+active	B-KEY
+vision	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+which	O
+have	O
+to	O
+acquire	O
+knowledge	O
+about	O
+their	O
+intrinsic	O
+parameters	O
+while	O
+they	O
+perform	O
+other	O
+tasks	O
+,	O
+or	O
+as	O
+a	O
+tool	O
+for	O
+analyzing	O
+image	B-KEY
+sequences	I-KEY
+in	O
+large	B-KEY
+video	I-KEY
+databases	I-KEY
+
+Analyzing	O
+the	O
+benefits	O
+of	O
+300	B-KEY
+mm	I-KEY
+conveyor-based	O
+AMHS	O
+While	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+automation	O
+in	O
+300	B-KEY
+mm	I-KEY
+fabs	O
+is	O
+not	O
+debated	O
+,	O
+the	O
+form	O
+and	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+such	O
+automation	O
+is	O
+still	O
+in	O
+question	O
+.	O
+Software	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+that	O
+compares	O
+conveyor-based	B-KEY
+continuous	I-KEY
+flow	I-KEY
+transport	I-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+to	O
+conventional	O
+car-based	B-KEY
+wafer-lot	I-KEY
+delivery	I-KEY
+has	O
+detailed	O
+delivery	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+and	O
+throughput	B-KEY
+advantages	O
+to	O
+the	O
+former	O
+
+The	O
+acquisition	O
+of	O
+out-of-print	B-KEY
+music	I-KEY
+Non-specialist	O
+librarians	O
+are	O
+alerted	O
+to	O
+factors	O
+important	O
+in	O
+the	O
+successful	O
+acquisition	O
+of	O
+out-of-print	B-KEY
+music	I-KEY
+,	O
+both	O
+scholarly	B-KEY
+editions	I-KEY
+and	O
+performance	B-KEY
+editions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+appropriate	O
+technical	B-KEY
+music	I-KEY
+vocabulary	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+music	B-KEY
+publishing	I-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+,	O
+specialized	B-KEY
+publishers	I-KEY
+and	O
+vendors	O
+,	O
+and	O
+methods	O
+of	O
+acquisition	O
+of	O
+out-of-print	B-KEY
+printed	I-KEY
+music	I-KEY
+are	O
+introduced	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+familiarity	O
+with	O
+them	O
+is	O
+emphasized	O
+
+Duality	O
+revisited	O
+:	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+fractional	O
+frequency	O
+distributions	O
+based	O
+on	O
+two	O
+dual	B-KEY
+Lotka	I-KEY
+laws	I-KEY
+Fractional	O
+frequency	O
+distributions	O
+of	O
+,	O
+for	O
+example	O
+,	O
+authors	O
+with	O
+a	O
+certain	O
+-LRB-	O
+fractional	O
+-RRB-	O
+number	O
+of	O
+papers	O
+are	O
+very	O
+irregular	O
+,	O
+and	O
+therefore	O
+not	O
+easy	O
+to	O
+model	O
+or	O
+to	O
+explain	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+gives	O
+a	O
+first	O
+attempt	O
+to	O
+this	O
+by	O
+as	O
+suming	O
+two	O
+simple	O
+Lotka	O
+laws	O
+-LRB-	O
+with	O
+exponent	O
+2	O
+-RRB-	O
+:	O
+one	O
+for	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+authors	O
+with	O
+n	O
+papers	O
+-LRB-	O
+total	O
+count	O
+here	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+one	O
+for	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+papers	O
+with	O
+n	O
+authors	O
+,	O
+n	O
+in	O
+N.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+an	O
+earlier	O
+made	O
+convolution	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+Egghe	O
+,	O
+interpreted	O
+and	O
+reworked	O
+now	O
+for	O
+discrete	B-KEY
+scores	I-KEY
+,	O
+we	O
+are	O
+able	O
+to	O
+produce	O
+theoretical	O
+fractional	O
+frequency	O
+distributions	O
+with	O
+only	O
+one	O
+parameter	O
+,	O
+which	O
+are	O
+in	O
+very	O
+close	O
+agreement	O
+with	O
+the	O
+practical	O
+ones	O
+as	O
+found	O
+in	O
+a	O
+large	O
+dataset	O
+produced	O
+earlier	O
+by	O
+Rao	O
+-LRB-	O
+1995	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+also	O
+shows	O
+that	O
+-LRB-	O
+irregular	O
+-RRB-	O
+fractional	O
+frequency	O
+distributions	O
+are	O
+a	O
+consequence	O
+of	O
+Lotka	O
+'s	O
+law	O
+,	O
+and	O
+are	O
+not	O
+examples	O
+of	O
+breakdowns	O
+of	O
+this	O
+famous	O
+historical	O
+law	O
+
+Accessible	B-KEY
+streaming	I-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+Make	O
+sure	O
+your	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+is	O
+offering	O
+quality	B-KEY
+service	I-KEY
+to	O
+all	O
+your	O
+users	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+provides	O
+some	O
+tips	O
+and	O
+tactics	O
+for	O
+making	O
+your	O
+streaming	B-KEY
+media	I-KEY
+accessible	O
+.	O
+Accessibility	O
+of	O
+streaming	O
+content	O
+for	O
+people	O
+with	O
+disabilities	O
+is	O
+often	O
+not	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+spec	O
+for	O
+multimedia	B-KEY
+projects	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+it	O
+certainly	O
+affects	O
+your	O
+quality	O
+of	O
+service	O
+.	O
+Most	O
+of	O
+the	O
+resources	O
+available	O
+on	O
+Web	B-KEY
+accessibility	I-KEY
+deal	O
+with	O
+HTML	B-KEY
+.	O
+Fortunately	O
+,	O
+rich	O
+media	O
+and	O
+streaming	B-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+developers	I-KEY
+have	O
+a	O
+growing	O
+number	O
+of	O
+experts	O
+to	O
+turn	O
+to	O
+for	O
+information	O
+and	O
+assistance	O
+.	O
+The	O
+essentials	O
+of	O
+providing	O
+accessible	B-KEY
+streaming	I-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+are	O
+simple	O
+:	O
+blind	O
+and	O
+visually	B-KEY
+impaired	I-KEY
+people	I-KEY
+need	O
+audio	O
+to	O
+discern	O
+important	O
+visual	B-KEY
+detail	I-KEY
+and	O
+interface	B-KEY
+elements	I-KEY
+,	O
+while	O
+deaf	O
+and	O
+hard-of-hearing	B-KEY
+people	I-KEY
+need	O
+text	O
+to	O
+access	O
+sound	B-KEY
+effects	I-KEY
+and	O
+dialog	O
+.	O
+Actually	O
+implementing	O
+these	O
+principles	O
+is	O
+quite	O
+a	O
+challenge	O
+,	O
+though	O
+.	O
+Now	O
+due	O
+to	O
+a	O
+relatively	O
+new	O
+law	O
+in	O
+the	O
+US	O
+,	O
+known	O
+as	O
+Section	B-KEY
+508	I-KEY
+,	O
+dealing	O
+with	O
+accessibility	B-KEY
+issues	I-KEY
+is	O
+becoming	O
+an	O
+essential	O
+part	O
+of	O
+publishing	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+
+The	O
+efficacy	O
+of	O
+electronic	O
+telecommunications	B-KEY
+in	O
+fostering	O
+interpersonal	B-KEY
+relationships	I-KEY
+The	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+electronic	O
+telecommunications	B-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+supplementary	O
+aid	O
+to	O
+instruction	O
+and	O
+as	O
+a	O
+communication	O
+link	O
+between	O
+students	O
+,	O
+and	O
+between	O
+students	O
+and	O
+instructors	O
+in	O
+fostering	O
+interpersonal	B-KEY
+relationships	I-KEY
+was	O
+explored	O
+in	O
+this	O
+study	O
+.	O
+More	O
+specifically	O
+,	O
+the	O
+impacts	O
+of	O
+e-mail	B-KEY
+,	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+most	O
+accessible	O
+,	O
+convenient	O
+,	O
+and	O
+easy	O
+to	O
+use	O
+computer-mediated	B-KEY
+communications	I-KEY
+,	O
+on	O
+student	B-KEY
+attitudes	I-KEY
+toward	O
+the	O
+instructor	O
+,	O
+group-mates	O
+,	O
+and	O
+other	O
+classmates	O
+were	O
+investigated	O
+.	O
+A	O
+posttest-only	O
+experimental	O
+design	O
+was	O
+adopted	O
+.	O
+In	O
+total	O
+,	O
+68	O
+prospective	O
+teachers	O
+enrolling	O
+in	O
+a	O
+``	O
+Computers	O
+in	O
+Education	O
+''	O
+course	O
+participated	O
+in	O
+the	O
+study	O
+for	O
+a	O
+whole	O
+semester	O
+.	O
+Results	O
+from	O
+the	O
+study	O
+provided	O
+substantial	O
+evidence	O
+supporting	O
+e-mail	B-KEY
+'s	O
+beneficial	O
+effects	O
+on	O
+student	B-KEY
+attitudes	I-KEY
+toward	O
+the	O
+instructor	O
+and	O
+other	O
+classmates	O
+
+Online	B-KEY
+auctions	I-KEY
+:	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+pricing	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+lodging	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+The	O
+traditional	O
+channels	O
+of	O
+distribution	O
+for	O
+overnight	B-KEY
+accommodation	I-KEY
+are	O
+rapidly	O
+being	O
+displaced	O
+by	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+scripting	I-KEY
+,	O
+online	B-KEY
+intermediaries	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+specialty	B-KEY
+brokers	I-KEY
+.	O
+Businesses	O
+that	O
+pioneered	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+usage	I-KEY
+relied	O
+on	O
+it	O
+as	O
+a	O
+sales	B-KEY
+and	O
+marketing	B-KEY
+alternative	O
+to	O
+predecessor	O
+product	O
+distribution	O
+channels	O
+.	O
+As	O
+such	O
+,	O
+Web	O
+sites	O
+replace	O
+the	O
+traditional	O
+trading	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+.	O
+Web-enabled	O
+companies	O
+are	O
+popular	O
+because	O
+the	O
+medium	O
+renders	O
+the	O
+process	O
+faster	O
+,	O
+less	O
+costly	O
+,	O
+highly	O
+reliable	O
+,	O
+and	O
+secure	O
+.	O
+Auction-based	O
+models	O
+impact	O
+business	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+by	O
+converting	O
+the	O
+price	B-KEY
+setting	I-KEY
+mechanism	I-KEY
+from	O
+supplier-centric	O
+to	O
+market-centric	O
+and	O
+transforming	O
+the	O
+trading	O
+model	O
+from	O
+``	O
+one	O
+to	O
+many	O
+''	O
+to	O
+``	O
+many	O
+to	O
+many	O
+.	O
+''	O
+Historically	O
+,	O
+pricing	O
+was	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+cost	O
+of	O
+production	O
+plus	O
+a	O
+margin	O
+of	O
+profit	O
+.	O
+Traditionally	O
+,	O
+as	O
+products	O
+and	O
+services	O
+move	O
+through	O
+the	O
+supply	B-KEY
+chain	I-KEY
+,	O
+from	O
+the	O
+producer	O
+to	O
+the	O
+consumer	O
+,	O
+various	O
+intermediaries	O
+added	O
+their	O
+share	O
+of	O
+profit	O
+to	O
+the	O
+price	O
+.	O
+As	O
+Internet	O
+based	O
+mediums	O
+of	O
+distribution	O
+become	O
+more	O
+prevalent	O
+,	O
+traditional	O
+pricing	O
+models	O
+are	O
+being	O
+supplanted	O
+with	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+pricing	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+pricing	I-KEY
+model	O
+represents	O
+a	O
+flexible	O
+system	O
+that	O
+changes	O
+prices	O
+not	O
+only	O
+from	O
+product	O
+to	O
+product	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+from	O
+customer	O
+to	O
+customer	O
+and	O
+transaction	O
+to	O
+transaction	O
+.	O
+Many	O
+industry	O
+leaders	O
+are	O
+skeptical	O
+of	O
+the	O
+long	O
+run	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+online	B-KEY
+auctions	I-KEY
+on	O
+lodging	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+profit	O
+margins	O
+,	O
+despite	O
+the	O
+fact	O
+pricing	O
+theory	O
+suggests	O
+that	O
+an	O
+increase	O
+in	O
+the	O
+flow	O
+of	O
+information	O
+results	O
+in	O
+efficient	O
+market	B-KEY
+pricing	O
+.	O
+The	O
+future	O
+of	O
+such	O
+endeavors	O
+remains	O
+promising	O
+,	O
+but	O
+controversial	O
+
+Acquisitions	O
+in	O
+the	O
+James	B-KEY
+Ford	I-KEY
+Bell	I-KEY
+Library	I-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+presents	O
+basic	O
+acquisitions	O
+philosophy	O
+and	O
+approaches	O
+in	O
+a	O
+noted	O
+special	B-KEY
+collection	I-KEY
+,	O
+with	O
+commentary	O
+on	O
+``	O
+just	O
+saying	O
+no	O
+''	O
+and	O
+on	O
+how	O
+the	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+revolution	I-KEY
+has	O
+changed	O
+the	O
+acquisition	O
+of	O
+special	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+materials	O
+
+Rapid	B-KEY
+microwell	I-KEY
+polymerase	I-KEY
+chain	I-KEY
+reaction	I-KEY
+with	O
+subsequent	O
+ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
+gel	I-KEY
+electrophoresis	I-KEY
+of	O
+DNA	O
+Large-scale	B-KEY
+genotyping	I-KEY
+,	O
+mapping	O
+and	O
+expression	B-KEY
+profiling	I-KEY
+require	O
+affordable	O
+,	O
+fully	O
+automated	O
+high-throughput	O
+devices	O
+enabling	O
+rapid	O
+,	O
+high-performance	O
+analysis	O
+using	O
+minute	O
+quantities	O
+of	O
+reagents	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+describe	O
+a	O
+new	O
+combination	O
+of	O
+microwell	O
+polymerase	O
+chain	O
+reaction	O
+-LRB-	O
+PCR	O
+-RRB-	O
+based	O
+DNA	B-KEY
+amplification	I-KEY
+technique	O
+with	O
+automated	O
+ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
+gel	I-KEY
+electrophoresis	I-KEY
+analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+products	O
+.	O
+This	O
+technique	O
+decreases	O
+the	O
+reagent	B-KEY
+consumption	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+total	O
+reaction	O
+volume	O
+0.75-1	O
+mu	O
+L	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+the	O
+time	O
+requirement	O
+of	O
+the	O
+PCR	O
+-LRB-	O
+15-20	O
+min	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+subsequent	O
+ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
+gel	I-KEY
+electrophoresis	I-KEY
+based	O
+fragment	O
+analysis	O
+-LRB-	O
+5	O
+min	O
+-RRB-	O
+by	O
+automating	O
+the	O
+current	O
+manual	O
+procedure	O
+and	O
+reducing	O
+the	O
+human	O
+intervention	O
+using	O
+sample	B-KEY
+loading	I-KEY
+robots	I-KEY
+and	O
+computerized	B-KEY
+real	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+.	O
+Small	O
+aliquots	O
+-LRB-	O
+0.2	O
+mu	O
+L	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+the	O
+submicroliter	O
+size	O
+PCR	O
+reaction	O
+were	O
+transferred	O
+onto	O
+loading	O
+membranes	O
+and	O
+analyzed	O
+by	O
+ultrathin-layer	B-KEY
+gel	I-KEY
+electrophoresis	I-KEY
+which	O
+is	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+,	O
+high-performance	O
+and	O
+automated	B-KEY
+microseparation	I-KEY
+technique	O
+.	O
+This	O
+system	O
+employs	O
+integrated	O
+scanning	O
+laser-induced	O
+fluorescence-avalanche	O
+photodiode	O
+detection	O
+and	O
+combines	O
+the	O
+advantages	O
+of	O
+conventional	O
+slab	O
+and	O
+capillary	O
+gel	O
+electrophoresis	O
+.	O
+Visualization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+DNA	O
+fragments	O
+was	O
+accomplished	O
+by	O
+``	O
+in	O
+migratio	O
+''	O
+complexation	B-KEY
+with	I-KEY
+ethidium	I-KEY
+bromide	I-KEY
+during	O
+the	O
+electrophoresis	O
+process	O
+also	O
+enabling	O
+real	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+and	O
+data	O
+analysis	O
+
+Robust	B-KEY
+wavelet	I-KEY
+neuro	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+for	O
+linear	B-KEY
+brushless	I-KEY
+motors	I-KEY
+Design	O
+,	O
+simulation	O
+and	O
+experimental	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+basis	I-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+learning	O
+controller	O
+for	O
+linear	O
+brushless	O
+dc	O
+motors	O
+-LRB-	O
+LBDCM	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+considered	O
+.	O
+Stability	B-KEY
+robustness	I-KEY
+with	O
+position	B-KEY
+tracking	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+primary	O
+concern	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+controller	O
+deals	O
+mainly	O
+with	O
+external	B-KEY
+disturbances	I-KEY
+,	O
+e.g.	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+friction	I-KEY
+force	I-KEY
+and	O
+payload	O
+variation	O
+in	O
+motion	O
+control	O
+of	O
+linear	O
+motors	O
+.	O
+It	O
+consists	O
+of	O
+two	O
+parts	O
+,	O
+one	O
+is	O
+a	O
+state	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+other	O
+one	O
+is	O
+a	O
+learning	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+state	O
+feedback	O
+controller	O
+is	O
+designed	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+linear	O
+model	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+learning	B-KEY
+feedback	I-KEY
+component	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+wavelet	O
+neural	O
+controller	O
+.	O
+The	O
+attenuation	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+of	O
+wavelet	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+on	O
+friction	B-KEY
+force	I-KEY
+is	O
+first	O
+verified	O
+by	O
+the	O
+numerical	O
+method	O
+.	O
+The	O
+learning	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+wavelet	O
+neural	O
+networks	O
+on	O
+friction	B-KEY
+force	I-KEY
+is	O
+also	O
+shown	O
+in	O
+the	O
+numerical	O
+results	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+,	O
+a	O
+wavelet	O
+neural	O
+network	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+on	O
+a	O
+real	O
+LBDCM	B-KEY
+to	O
+on-line	O
+suppress	O
+the	O
+friction	B-KEY
+force	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+may	O
+be	O
+variable	O
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+different	O
+lubrication	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+control	O
+schemes	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+by	O
+simulated	O
+and	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+
+The	O
+set	O
+of	O
+stable	B-KEY
+polynomials	I-KEY
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+discrete	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+:	O
+its	O
+geometry	B-KEY
+The	O
+multidimensional	B-KEY
+stability	I-KEY
+domain	I-KEY
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+discrete	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+is	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+Its	O
+configuration	O
+is	O
+determined	O
+from	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+its	O
+intersection	O
+with	O
+coordinate	O
+axes	O
+,	O
+coordinate	O
+planes	O
+,	O
+and	O
+certain	O
+auxiliary	O
+planes	O
+.	O
+Counterexamples	O
+for	O
+the	O
+discrete	O
+variant	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Kharitonov	B-KEY
+theorem	I-KEY
+are	O
+given	O
+
+Computer	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+of	O
+data	O
+on	O
+mental	B-KEY
+impairments	I-KEY
+during	O
+the	O
+acute	B-KEY
+period	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+concussion	I-KEY
+The	O
+article	O
+presents	O
+results	O
+of	O
+computer	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+of	O
+experimental	O
+information	O
+obtained	O
+from	O
+patients	O
+during	O
+the	O
+acute	B-KEY
+period	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+concussion	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+number	O
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+procedures	I-KEY
+are	O
+described	O
+
+E-mail	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+legal	B-KEY
+profession	I-KEY
+The	O
+widespread	O
+use	O
+of	O
+E-mail	B-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+found	O
+in	O
+all	O
+areas	O
+of	O
+commerce	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+legal	B-KEY
+profession	I-KEY
+is	O
+one	O
+that	O
+has	O
+embraced	O
+this	O
+new	O
+medium	O
+of	O
+communication	O
+.	O
+E-mail	B-KEY
+is	O
+not	O
+without	O
+its	O
+drawbacks	O
+,	O
+however	O
+.	O
+Due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+the	O
+technologies	O
+behind	O
+the	O
+medium	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+a	O
+less	O
+secure	O
+form	O
+of	O
+communication	O
+than	O
+many	O
+of	O
+those	O
+traditionally	O
+used	O
+by	O
+the	O
+legal	B-KEY
+profession	I-KEY
+,	O
+including	O
+DX	O
+,	O
+facsimile	O
+,	O
+and	O
+standard	O
+and	O
+registered	O
+post	O
+.	O
+There	O
+are	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+ways	O
+in	O
+which	O
+E-mails	B-KEY
+originating	O
+from	O
+the	O
+practice	O
+may	O
+be	O
+protected	O
+,	O
+including	O
+software	B-KEY
+encryption	I-KEY
+,	O
+hardware	B-KEY
+encryption	I-KEY
+and	O
+various	O
+methods	O
+of	O
+controlling	O
+and	O
+administering	O
+access	O
+to	O
+the	O
+E-mails	B-KEY
+
+MEMS	B-KEY
+applications	O
+in	O
+computer	B-KEY
+disk	I-KEY
+drive	I-KEY
+dual-stage	I-KEY
+servo	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+We	O
+present	O
+a	O
+decoupled	B-KEY
+discrete	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+pole	I-KEY
+placement	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+can	O
+be	O
+combined	O
+with	O
+a	O
+self-tuning	B-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+to	O
+compensate	O
+variations	O
+in	O
+the	O
+microactuator	B-KEY
+'s	O
+-LRB-	O
+MA	O
+'s	O
+-RRB-	O
+resonance	O
+mode	O
+.	O
+Section	O
+I	O
+of	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+the	O
+design	O
+and	O
+fabrication	O
+of	O
+a	O
+prototype	O
+microactuator	B-KEY
+with	O
+an	O
+integrated	O
+gimbal	O
+structure	O
+.	O
+Section	O
+II	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+decoupled	O
+track-following	B-KEY
+controller	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+self-tuning	O
+control	O
+scheme	O
+to	O
+compensate	O
+for	O
+the	O
+MA	O
+'s	O
+resonance	O
+mode	O
+variations	O
+
+Accelerated	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+steady-state	B-KEY
+availability	I-KEY
+of	O
+non-Markovian	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+A	O
+general	O
+accelerated	B-KEY
+simulation	I-KEY
+method	O
+for	O
+evaluation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+steady-state	O
+availability	O
+of	O
+non-Markovian	O
+systems	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+the	O
+investigation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+systems	O
+with	O
+repair	O
+.	O
+Numerical	B-KEY
+examples	I-KEY
+are	O
+given	O
+
+Restoration	O
+of	O
+broadband	B-KEY
+imagery	I-KEY
+steered	O
+with	O
+a	O
+liquid-crystal	O
+optical	B-KEY
+phased	I-KEY
+array	I-KEY
+In	O
+many	O
+imaging	B-KEY
+applications	I-KEY
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+highly	O
+desirable	O
+to	O
+replace	O
+mechanical	B-KEY
+beam-steering	I-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+i.e.	O
+,	O
+mirrors	B-KEY
+and	O
+gimbals	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+with	O
+a	O
+nonmechanical	B-KEY
+device	I-KEY
+.	O
+One	O
+such	O
+device	O
+is	O
+a	O
+nematic	O
+liquid	O
+crystal	O
+optical	B-KEY
+phased	I-KEY
+array	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+LCOPA	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+An	O
+LCOPA	O
+can	O
+implement	O
+a	O
+blazed	B-KEY
+phase	I-KEY
+grating	I-KEY
+to	O
+steer	O
+the	O
+incident	O
+light	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+when	O
+a	O
+phase	O
+grating	O
+is	O
+used	O
+in	O
+a	O
+broadband	B-KEY
+imaging	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+,	O
+two	O
+adverse	O
+effects	O
+can	O
+occur	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+dispersion	B-KEY
+will	O
+cause	O
+different	O
+incident	B-KEY
+wavelengths	I-KEY
+arriving	O
+at	O
+the	O
+same	O
+angle	O
+to	O
+be	O
+steered	O
+to	O
+different	O
+output	B-KEY
+angles	I-KEY
+,	O
+causing	O
+chromatic	B-KEY
+aberrations	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+image	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+the	O
+device	O
+will	O
+steer	O
+energy	O
+not	O
+only	O
+to	O
+the	O
+first	B-KEY
+diffraction	I-KEY
+order	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+to	O
+others	O
+as	O
+well	O
+.	O
+This	O
+multiple-order	B-KEY
+effect	I-KEY
+results	O
+in	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+copies	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+scene	O
+appearing	O
+in	O
+the	O
+image	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+describe	O
+a	O
+digital	B-KEY
+image	I-KEY
+restoration	I-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+designed	O
+to	O
+overcome	O
+these	O
+degradations	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+postprocessing	B-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+Wiener	B-KEY
+deconvolution	I-KEY
+filter	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+technique	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+is	O
+applicable	O
+only	O
+to	O
+scenes	O
+containing	O
+objects	O
+with	O
+approximately	B-KEY
+constant	I-KEY
+reflectivities	I-KEY
+over	O
+the	O
+spectral	B-KEY
+region	I-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+interest	I-KEY
+.	O
+Experimental	O
+results	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+to	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+this	O
+technique	O
+
+Genetic	O
+algorithm	O
+guided	O
+selection	O
+:	O
+variable	B-KEY
+selection	O
+and	O
+subset	O
+selection	O
+A	O
+novel	O
+genetic	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+guided	I-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+GAS	O
+,	O
+has	O
+been	O
+described	O
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+utilizes	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+encoding	B-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+which	O
+can	O
+represent	O
+both	O
+compounds	B-KEY
+and	O
+variables	B-KEY
+used	O
+to	O
+construct	O
+a	O
+QSAR/QSPR	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+genetic	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+then	O
+utilized	O
+to	O
+simultaneously	O
+optimize	B-KEY
+the	O
+encoded	O
+variables	B-KEY
+that	O
+include	O
+both	O
+descriptors	B-KEY
+and	O
+compound	B-KEY
+subsets	O
+.	O
+The	O
+GAS	O
+method	O
+generates	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+each	O
+applying	O
+to	O
+a	O
+subset	O
+of	O
+the	O
+compounds	B-KEY
+.	O
+Typically	O
+the	O
+subsets	O
+represent	O
+clusters	B-KEY
+with	O
+different	O
+chemotypes	B-KEY
+.	O
+Also	O
+a	O
+procedure	O
+based	O
+on	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+similarity	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+which	O
+model	O
+should	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+a	O
+given	O
+test	O
+set	O
+compound	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+variable	B-KEY
+selection	O
+method	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+GAS	O
+has	O
+been	O
+tested	O
+and	O
+compared	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Selwood	O
+data	O
+set	O
+-LRB-	O
+n	O
+=	O
+31	O
+compounds	O
+;	O
+nu	O
+=	O
+53	O
+descriptors	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+showed	O
+that	O
+the	O
+method	O
+is	O
+comparable	O
+to	O
+other	O
+published	O
+methods	O
+.	O
+The	O
+subset	B-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+method	O
+implemented	O
+in	O
+GAS	O
+has	O
+been	O
+first	O
+tested	O
+using	O
+an	O
+artificial	O
+data	O
+set	O
+-LRB-	O
+n	O
+=	O
+100	O
+points	O
+;	O
+nu	O
+=	O
+1	O
+descriptor	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+to	O
+examine	O
+its	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+subset	O
+data	O
+points	O
+and	O
+second	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+analyze	O
+the	O
+XLOGP	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+n	O
+=	O
+1831	O
+compounds	B-KEY
+;	O
+nu	O
+=	O
+126	O
+descriptors	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+is	O
+able	O
+to	O
+correctly	O
+identify	O
+artificial	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+points	I-KEY
+belonging	O
+to	O
+various	O
+subsets	O
+.	O
+The	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+XLOGP	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+shows	O
+that	O
+the	O
+subset	B-KEY
+selection	I-KEY
+method	O
+can	O
+be	O
+useful	O
+in	O
+improving	O
+a	O
+QSAR/QSPR	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+when	O
+the	O
+variable	B-KEY
+selection	O
+method	O
+fails	O
+
+Real-time	B-KEY
+tissue	I-KEY
+characterization	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+in	O
+vivo	O
+Raman	O
+spectra	O
+The	O
+application	O
+of	O
+in	O
+vivo	O
+Raman	O
+spectroscopy	O
+for	O
+clinical	B-KEY
+diagnosis	I-KEY
+demands	O
+dedicated	B-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+that	O
+can	O
+perform	O
+the	O
+necessary	O
+signal	O
+processing	O
+and	O
+subsequent	O
+-LRB-	O
+multivariate	O
+-RRB-	O
+data	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+enabling	O
+clinically	O
+relevant	O
+parameters	O
+to	O
+be	O
+extracted	O
+and	O
+made	O
+available	O
+in	O
+real	O
+time	O
+.	O
+Here	O
+we	O
+describe	O
+the	O
+design	O
+and	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+software	O
+package	O
+that	O
+allows	O
+for	O
+real-time	O
+signal	O
+processing	O
+and	O
+data	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+Raman	O
+spectra	O
+.	O
+The	O
+design	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+automatic	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+between	O
+Grams	B-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+spectroscopic	O
+data	O
+acquisition	O
+and	O
+analysis	O
+program	O
+,	O
+and	O
+Matlab	B-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+program	O
+designed	O
+for	O
+array-based	B-KEY
+calculations	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+data	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+has	O
+a	O
+modular	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+providing	O
+great	O
+flexibility	O
+in	O
+developing	O
+custom	O
+data	O
+analysis	O
+routines	O
+for	O
+different	O
+applications	O
+.	O
+The	O
+implementation	O
+is	O
+illustrated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+computationally	B-KEY
+demanding	I-KEY
+application	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+classification	O
+of	O
+skin	O
+spectra	O
+using	O
+principal	O
+component	O
+analysis	O
+and	O
+linear	B-KEY
+discriminant	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+
+Naomi	B-KEY
+Campbell	I-KEY
+:	O
+drugs	B-KEY
+,	O
+distress	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+Data	B-KEY
+Protection	I-KEY
+Act	I-KEY
+In	O
+the	O
+first	O
+case	O
+of	O
+its	O
+kind	O
+,	O
+Naomi	B-KEY
+Campbell	I-KEY
+successfully	O
+sued	O
+Mirror	O
+Group	O
+Newspapers	O
+for	O
+damage	O
+and	O
+distress	B-KEY
+caused	O
+by	O
+breach	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Data	B-KEY
+Protection	I-KEY
+Act	I-KEY
+1998	O
+.	O
+Partner	O
+N.	O
+Wildish	O
+and	O
+assistant	O
+M.	O
+Turle	O
+of	O
+City	O
+law	O
+firm	O
+Field	O
+Fisher	O
+Waterhouse	O
+discuss	O
+the	O
+case	O
+and	O
+the	O
+legal	O
+implications	O
+of	O
+which	O
+online	B-KEY
+publishers	I-KEY
+should	O
+be	O
+aware	O
+
+Antipersistent	B-KEY
+Markov	I-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+in	O
+foreign	B-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+markets	I-KEY
+A	O
+quantitative	O
+check	O
+of	O
+efficiency	B-KEY
+in	O
+US	O
+dollar/Deutsche	O
+mark	O
+exchange	O
+rates	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+using	O
+high-frequency	O
+-LRB-	O
+tick	O
+by	O
+tick	O
+-RRB-	O
+data	O
+.	O
+The	O
+antipersistent	B-KEY
+Markov	I-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+of	O
+log-price	B-KEY
+fluctuations	I-KEY
+of	O
+given	O
+size	O
+implies	O
+,	O
+in	O
+principle	O
+,	O
+the	O
+possibility	O
+of	O
+a	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+forecast	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+introduce	O
+and	O
+measure	O
+the	O
+available	O
+information	O
+of	O
+the	O
+quote	B-KEY
+sequence	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+we	O
+show	O
+how	O
+it	O
+can	O
+be	O
+profitable	O
+following	O
+a	O
+particular	O
+trading	B-KEY
+rule	I-KEY
+
+Fast	B-KEY
+frequency	I-KEY
+acquisition	I-KEY
+phase-frequency	B-KEY
+detectors	I-KEY
+for	O
+Gsamples/s	O
+phase-locked	O
+loops	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+describes	O
+two	O
+techniques	O
+for	O
+designing	O
+phase-frequency	B-KEY
+detectors	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+PFDs	O
+-RRB-	O
+with	O
+higher	O
+operating	O
+frequencies	O
+-LSB-	O
+periods	O
+of	O
+less	O
+than	O
+8	O
+*	O
+the	O
+delay	O
+of	O
+a	O
+fan-out-4	O
+inverter	O
+-LRB-	O
+FO-4	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RSB-	O
+and	O
+faster	O
+frequency	O
+acquisition	O
+.	O
+Prototypes	O
+designed	O
+in	O
+0.25	O
+-	O
+mu	O
+m	O
+CMOS	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+exhibit	O
+operating	O
+frequencies	O
+of	O
+1.25	B-KEY
+GHz	I-KEY
+-LSB-	O
+=	O
+1	O
+/	O
+-LRB-	O
+8.FO-4	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RSB-	O
+and	O
+1.5	B-KEY
+GHz	I-KEY
+-LSB-	O
+=	O
+1	O
+/	O
+-LRB-	O
+6.7.FO-4	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RSB-	O
+for	O
+two	O
+techniques	O
+,	O
+respectively	O
+,	O
+whereas	O
+a	O
+conventional	O
+PFD	O
+operates	O
+at	O
+<	O
+1	O
+GHz	O
+-LSB-	O
+=	O
+1	O
+/	O
+-LRB-	O
+10.FO-4	O
+-RRB-	O
+-RSB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+two	O
+proposed	O
+PFDs	O
+achieve	O
+a	O
+capture	O
+range	O
+of	O
+1.7	O
+*	O
+and	O
+1.4	O
+*	O
+the	O
+conventional	O
+design	O
+,	O
+respectively	O
+
+Model	O
+intestinal	B-KEY
+microflora	I-KEY
+in	O
+computer	O
+simulation	O
+:	O
+a	O
+simulation	O
+and	O
+modeling	O
+package	O
+for	O
+host-microflora	B-KEY
+interactions	I-KEY
+The	O
+ecology	O
+of	O
+the	O
+human	B-KEY
+intestinal	I-KEY
+microflora	O
+and	O
+its	O
+interaction	O
+with	O
+the	O
+host	O
+are	O
+poorly	O
+understood	O
+.	O
+Though	O
+more	O
+and	O
+more	O
+data	O
+are	O
+being	O
+acquired	O
+,	O
+in	O
+part	O
+using	O
+modern	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+,	O
+development	O
+of	O
+a	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+has	O
+not	O
+kept	O
+pace	O
+with	O
+this	O
+increase	O
+in	O
+observing	B-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+in	O
+part	O
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+complexity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+and	O
+to	O
+the	O
+lack	O
+of	O
+simulation	O
+environments	O
+in	O
+which	O
+to	O
+test	O
+what	O
+the	O
+ecological	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+a	O
+hypothetical	O
+mechanism	O
+of	O
+interaction	O
+would	O
+be	O
+,	O
+before	O
+resorting	O
+to	O
+laboratory	O
+experiments	O
+.	O
+The	O
+MIMICS	B-KEY
+project	I-KEY
+attempts	O
+to	O
+address	O
+this	O
+through	O
+the	O
+development	O
+of	O
+a	O
+cellular	O
+automaton	O
+for	O
+simulation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+intestinal	B-KEY
+microflora	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+the	O
+design	O
+and	O
+evaluation	O
+of	O
+this	O
+simulator	O
+is	O
+discussed	O
+
+Fault-tolerant	B-KEY
+computer-aided	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+multiversion-threshold	B-KEY
+adaptation	I-KEY
+:	O
+adaptation	O
+methods	O
+,	O
+reliability	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+choice	O
+of	O
+an	O
+architecture	B-KEY
+For	O
+multiversion	B-KEY
+majority-redundant	I-KEY
+computer-aided	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+systematization	O
+of	O
+adaptation	O
+methods	O
+that	O
+are	O
+stable	O
+to	O
+hardware	O
+and	O
+software	O
+failures	O
+,	O
+a	O
+method	O
+for	O
+estimating	O
+their	O
+reliability	O
+from	O
+an	O
+event	B-KEY
+graph	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+method	O
+for	O
+selecting	O
+a	O
+standard	O
+architecture	B-KEY
+with	O
+regard	O
+for	O
+reliability	O
+requirements	O
+are	O
+studied	O
+
+Nonlinear	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+arising	O
+from	O
+nonisothermal	O
+,	O
+non-Newtonian	O
+Hele-Shaw	B-KEY
+flows	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+presence	O
+of	O
+body	B-KEY
+forces	I-KEY
+and	O
+sources	B-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+first	O
+give	O
+a	O
+formal	O
+derivation	O
+of	O
+several	O
+systems	O
+of	O
+equations	O
+for	O
+injection	B-KEY
+moulding	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+done	O
+starting	O
+from	O
+the	O
+basic	O
+equations	O
+for	O
+nonisothermal	O
+,	O
+non-Newtonian	O
+flows	O
+in	O
+a	O
+three-dimensional	O
+domain	O
+.	O
+We	O
+derive	O
+systems	O
+for	O
+both	O
+-LRB-	O
+T/sup	O
+0	O
+/	O
+,	O
+p/sup	O
+0	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+T/sup	O
+1	O
+/	O
+,	O
+p/sup	O
+1	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+the	O
+presence	O
+of	O
+body	B-KEY
+forces	I-KEY
+and	O
+sources	B-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+find	O
+that	O
+body	B-KEY
+forces	I-KEY
+and	O
+sources	B-KEY
+have	O
+a	O
+nonlinear	O
+effect	O
+on	O
+the	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+We	O
+also	O
+derive	O
+a	O
+nonlinear	O
+``	O
+Darcy	B-KEY
+law	I-KEY
+''	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+formulation	O
+includes	O
+not	O
+only	O
+the	O
+pressure	O
+gradient	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+body	B-KEY
+forces	I-KEY
+and	O
+sources	B-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+play	O
+the	O
+role	O
+of	O
+a	O
+nonlinearity	O
+.	O
+Later	O
+,	O
+we	O
+prove	O
+the	O
+existence	O
+of	O
+weak	O
+solutions	O
+to	O
+certain	O
+boundary	B-KEY
+value	I-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+and	O
+initial-boundary	O
+value	O
+problems	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+equations	O
+for	O
+-LRB-	O
+T/sup	O
+0	O
+/	O
+,	O
+p/sup	O
+0	O
+/	O
+-RRB-	O
+but	O
+in	O
+a	O
+more	O
+general	O
+mathematical	O
+setting	O
+
+Enterprise	O
+in	O
+focus	O
+at	O
+NetSec	B-KEY
+2002	I-KEY
+NetSec	B-KEY
+2002	I-KEY
+took	O
+place	O
+in	O
+San	O
+Francisco	O
+,	O
+amid	O
+industry	O
+reflection	O
+on	O
+the	O
+balance	O
+to	O
+be	O
+struck	O
+between	O
+combatting	O
+cyber-terrorism	O
+and	O
+safeguarding	O
+civil	O
+liberties	O
+post-9	O
+.11	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+reports	O
+on	O
+the	O
+punditry	O
+and	O
+the	O
+pedagogy	O
+at	O
+the	O
+CSI	B-KEY
+event	O
+,	O
+focusing	O
+on	O
+security	O
+in	O
+the	O
+enterprise	O
+
+Generalized	O
+predictive	O
+control	O
+for	O
+non-uniformly	O
+sampled	O
+systems	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+study	O
+digital	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+non-uniform	O
+updating	O
+and	O
+sampling	O
+patterns	O
+,	O
+which	O
+include	O
+multirate	B-KEY
+sampled-data	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+as	O
+special	O
+cases	O
+.	O
+We	O
+derive	O
+lifted	O
+models	O
+in	O
+the	O
+state-space	O
+domain	O
+.	O
+The	O
+main	O
+obstacle	O
+for	O
+generalized	O
+predictive	O
+control	O
+-LRB-	O
+GPC	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+design	O
+using	O
+the	O
+lifted	O
+models	O
+is	O
+the	O
+so-called	O
+causality	B-KEY
+constraint	I-KEY
+.	O
+Taking	O
+into	O
+account	O
+this	O
+design	O
+constraint	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+new	O
+GPC	B-KEY
+algorithm	O
+,	O
+which	O
+results	O
+in	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+causal	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+laws	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+non-uniformly	O
+sampled	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+The	O
+solution	O
+applies	O
+immediately	O
+to	O
+multirate	B-KEY
+sampled-data	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+where	O
+rates	O
+are	O
+integer	B-KEY
+multiples	I-KEY
+of	O
+some	O
+base	O
+period	O
+
+Randomized	B-KEY
+two-process	I-KEY
+wait-free	I-KEY
+test-and-set	I-KEY
+We	O
+present	O
+the	O
+first	O
+explicit	O
+,	O
+and	O
+currently	O
+simplest	O
+,	O
+randomized	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+two-process	O
+wait-free	O
+test-and-set	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+implemented	O
+with	O
+two	O
+4-valued	B-KEY
+single	I-KEY
+writer	I-KEY
+single	I-KEY
+reader	I-KEY
+atomic	I-KEY
+variables	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+test-and-set	O
+takes	O
+at	O
+most	O
+11	O
+expected	B-KEY
+elementary	I-KEY
+steps	I-KEY
+,	O
+while	O
+a	O
+reset	O
+takes	O
+exactly	O
+1	O
+elementary	O
+step	O
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+finite-state	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+proofs	O
+of	O
+correctness	O
+and	O
+expected	O
+length	O
+are	O
+compressed	O
+into	O
+one	O
+table	O
+
+A	O
+PID	O
+standard	O
+:	O
+What	O
+,	O
+why	O
+,	O
+how	O
+?	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+written	O
+for	O
+all	O
+who	O
+develop	O
+and	O
+use	O
+P&ID	O
+s	O
+.	O
+It	O
+will	O
+aid	O
+in	O
+solving	O
+the	O
+long	O
+existing	O
+and	O
+continuing	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+confusing	O
+information	O
+on	O
+P&ID	O
+s	O
+.	O
+The	O
+acronym	O
+P&ID	O
+is	O
+widely	O
+understood	O
+to	O
+mean	O
+the	O
+principal	B-KEY
+document	I-KEY
+used	O
+to	O
+define	O
+the	O
+details	O
+of	O
+how	O
+a	O
+process	O
+works	O
+and	O
+how	O
+it	O
+is	O
+controlled	O
+.	O
+The	O
+ISA	O
+Dictionary	O
+definition	O
+for	O
+P&ID	O
+tells	O
+what	O
+they	O
+do	O
+,	O
+``	O
+show	O
+the	O
+interconnection	O
+of	O
+process	O
+equipment	O
+and	O
+the	O
+instrumentation	O
+used	O
+to	O
+control	O
+the	O
+process	O
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+process	O
+industry	O
+a	O
+standard	O
+set	O
+of	O
+symbols	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+prepare	O
+drawings	O
+of	O
+processes	O
+.	O
+The	O
+instrument	O
+symbols	O
+used	O
+in	O
+these	O
+drawings	O
+are	O
+generally	O
+based	O
+on	O
+ISA-S5	O
+.1	O
+.	O
+''	O
+In	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+the	O
+ISA	B-KEY
+standard	I-KEY
+is	O
+referred	O
+to	O
+as	O
+ISA-5	O
+.1	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+develops	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+of	O
+the	O
+``	O
+standard	O
+''	O
+and	O
+poses	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+questions	O
+that	O
+the	O
+``	O
+standard	O
+''	O
+can	O
+answer	O
+
+Allan	B-KEY
+variance	I-KEY
+and	O
+fractal	B-KEY
+Brownian	I-KEY
+motion	I-KEY
+Noise	B-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+subject	O
+of	O
+a	O
+voluminous	O
+literature	O
+in	O
+radio	B-KEY
+engineering	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+methods	O
+of	O
+filtering	O
+require	O
+knowledge	O
+of	O
+the	O
+frequency	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+usually	O
+unknown	O
+.	O
+D.W.	O
+Allan	O
+-LRB-	O
+see	O
+Proc	O
+.	O
+IEEE	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.54	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+2	O
+,	O
+p.221-30	O
+,	O
+1966	O
+;	O
+IEEE	O
+Trans	O
+.	O
+Instr	O
+.	O
+Measur.	O
+,	O
+vol.IM-36	O
+,	O
+p.646-54	O
+,	O
+1987	O
+-RRB-	O
+proposed	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+method	O
+of	O
+determining	O
+the	O
+interval	O
+between	O
+equally	O
+accurate	O
+observations	O
+which	O
+does	O
+without	O
+this	O
+information	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+method	O
+,	O
+the	O
+variances	O
+of	O
+the	O
+increments	O
+of	O
+noise	O
+and	O
+signal	O
+are	O
+equal	O
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+,	O
+in	O
+observations	O
+with	O
+a	O
+greater	O
+step	O
+,	O
+the	O
+variations	O
+caused	O
+by	O
+noise	O
+are	O
+smaller	O
+than	O
+those	O
+caused	O
+by	O
+the	O
+signal	O
+.	O
+This	O
+method	O
+is	O
+the	O
+standard	O
+accepted	O
+by	O
+the	O
+USA	B-KEY
+metrology	I-KEY
+community	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+present	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+devoted	O
+to	O
+a	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+Allan	O
+method	O
+and	O
+acquisition	O
+of	O
+additional	O
+information	O
+
+Four	O
+factors	O
+influencing	O
+the	O
+fair	B-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+value	I-KEY
+of	O
+out-of	O
+print	O
+books	O
+.	O
+2	O
+Fot	O
+pt	O
+.1	O
+see	O
+ibid.	O
+,	O
+p.71-8	O
+-LRB-	O
+2002	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Data	O
+from	O
+the	O
+fifty-six	O
+titles	O
+examined	O
+qualitatively	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Patterson	O
+study	O
+are	O
+examined	O
+quantitatively	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+to	O
+the	O
+four	O
+factors	O
+of	O
+edition	O
+,	O
+condition	O
+,	O
+dust	O
+jacket	O
+,	O
+and	O
+autograph	O
+that	O
+were	O
+hypothesized	O
+to	O
+influence	O
+the	O
+value	O
+of	O
+a	O
+book	O
+,	O
+four	O
+other	O
+factors	O
+for	O
+which	O
+information	O
+was	O
+available	O
+in	O
+the	O
+data	O
+were	O
+examined	O
+
+A	O
+framework	O
+of	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+tendering	I-KEY
+for	O
+government	O
+procurement	O
+:	O
+a	O
+lesson	O
+learned	O
+in	O
+Taiwan	O
+To	O
+render	O
+government	O
+procurement	O
+efficient	O
+,	O
+transparent	O
+,	O
+nondiscriminating	O
+,	O
+and	O
+accountable	O
+,	O
+an	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+government	I-KEY
+procurement	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+is	O
+required	O
+.	O
+Accordingly	O
+,	O
+Taiwan	B-KEY
+government	I-KEY
+procurement	I-KEY
+law	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+TGPL	O
+-RRB-	O
+states	O
+that	O
+suppliers	O
+may	O
+employ	O
+electronic	O
+devices	O
+to	O
+forward	O
+a	O
+tender	O
+.	O
+This	O
+investigation	O
+demonstrates	O
+how	O
+the	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+government	I-KEY
+procurement	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+functions	O
+and	O
+reengineers	B-KEY
+internal	B-KEY
+procurement	I-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+in	O
+turn	O
+benefits	O
+both	O
+government	O
+bodies	O
+and	O
+vendors	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+features	O
+explored	O
+herein	O
+include	O
+posting/receiving	O
+bids	O
+via	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+,	O
+vendor	B-KEY
+registration	I-KEY
+,	O
+certificate	B-KEY
+authorization	I-KEY
+,	O
+contract	B-KEY
+development	I-KEY
+tools	I-KEY
+,	O
+bid/request	O
+for	O
+proposal	O
+-LRB-	O
+RFP	O
+-RRB-	O
+development	O
+,	O
+online	B-KEY
+bidding	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+online	B-KEY
+payment	I-KEY
+,	O
+all	O
+of	O
+which	O
+can	O
+be	O
+integrated	O
+easily	O
+within	O
+most	O
+existing	O
+information	O
+infrastructures	O
+
+Industry	O
+insiders	O
+loading	O
+up	O
+on	O
+cheap	O
+company	O
+stock	O
+A	O
+surge	O
+of	O
+telecom	O
+executives	O
+and	O
+directors	O
+purchasing	O
+their	O
+own	O
+companies	O
+,	O
+stock	O
+in	O
+the	O
+last	O
+two	O
+months	O
+points	O
+toward	O
+a	O
+renewed	O
+optimism	O
+in	O
+the	O
+beleaguered	O
+sector	O
+,	O
+say	O
+some	O
+observers	O
+,	O
+who	O
+view	O
+the	O
+rash	O
+of	O
+insider	O
+buying	O
+as	O
+a	O
+vote	O
+of	O
+confidence	O
+from	O
+management	O
+.	O
+Airgate	O
+PCS	O
+,	O
+Charter	O
+Communications	O
+,	O
+Cox	O
+Communications	O
+,	O
+Crown	O
+Castle	O
+International	O
+,	O
+Nextel	O
+Communications	O
+and	O
+Nortel	O
+Networks	O
+all	O
+have	O
+seen	O
+infusions	O
+of	O
+insider	B-KEY
+investment	I-KEY
+this	O
+summer	O
+,	O
+echoing	O
+trends	O
+in	O
+both	O
+the	O
+telecom	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+national	O
+economy	O
+
+Computer-mediated	B-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+and	O
+remote	B-KEY
+management	O
+:	O
+integration	O
+or	O
+isolation	O
+?	O
+The	O
+use	O
+of	O
+intranets	B-KEY
+and	O
+e-mails	B-KEY
+to	O
+communicate	O
+with	O
+remote	B-KEY
+staff	O
+is	O
+increasing	O
+rapidly	O
+within	O
+organizations	O
+.	O
+For	O
+many	O
+companies	B-KEY
+this	O
+is	O
+viewed	O
+as	O
+a	O
+speedy	O
+and	O
+cost-effective	B-KEY
+way	O
+of	O
+keeping	O
+in	O
+contact	O
+with	O
+staff	O
+and	O
+ensuring	O
+their	O
+continuing	O
+commitment	O
+to	O
+company	B-KEY
+goals	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+highlights	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+experienced	O
+by	O
+staff	O
+when	O
+managers	B-KEY
+use	O
+intranets	B-KEY
+and	O
+e-mails	B-KEY
+in	O
+an	O
+inappropriate	O
+fashion	O
+for	O
+these	O
+purposes	O
+.	O
+Issues	O
+of	O
+remoteness	B-KEY
+and	O
+isolation	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+,	O
+along	O
+with	O
+the	O
+reports	O
+of	O
+frustration	O
+and	O
+disidentification	O
+experienced	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+it	O
+will	O
+be	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+when	O
+used	O
+appropriately	O
+,	O
+communication	O
+using	O
+these	O
+technologies	O
+can	O
+facilitate	O
+shared	O
+understanding	O
+and	O
+help	O
+remote	B-KEY
+staff	O
+to	O
+view	O
+their	O
+company	O
+as	O
+alive	O
+and	O
+exciting	O
+.	O
+Theoretical	O
+aspects	O
+are	O
+highlighted	O
+and	O
+the	O
+implications	O
+of	O
+these	O
+findings	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+
+Application	O
+of	O
+multiprocessor	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+for	O
+computation	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+jets	I-KEY
+The	O
+article	O
+describes	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+methods	O
+for	O
+numerical	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+gas-dynamic	B-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+on	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+class	O
+of	O
+multiprocessor	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+conventionally	O
+characterized	O
+as	O
+``	O
+cluster	O
+''	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+A	O
+standard	O
+data-transfer	B-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+-	O
+the	O
+so-called	O
+message	B-KEY
+passing	I-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+-	O
+is	O
+used	O
+for	O
+parallelization	O
+of	O
+application	O
+algorithms	O
+among	O
+processors	O
+.	O
+Simulation	O
+of	O
+jets	O
+escaping	O
+into	O
+a	O
+low-pressure	B-KEY
+region	I-KEY
+is	O
+chosen	O
+as	O
+a	O
+computational	O
+example	O
+
+Designing	O
+a	O
+new	O
+urban	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+The	O
+parallel	O
+between	O
+designing	O
+a	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+a	O
+building	O
+is	O
+a	O
+familiar	O
+one	O
+,	O
+but	O
+how	O
+often	O
+do	O
+we	O
+think	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+as	O
+having	O
+parks	O
+and	O
+streets	O
+?	O
+It	O
+would	O
+be	O
+absurd	O
+to	O
+say	O
+that	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+could	O
+ever	O
+take	O
+the	O
+place	O
+of	O
+real	O
+,	O
+livable	O
+communities	B-KEY
+;	O
+however	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+safe	O
+to	O
+say	O
+that	O
+the	O
+context	O
+for	O
+using	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+is	O
+on	O
+a	O
+path	O
+of	O
+change	O
+.	O
+As	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+evolves	O
+beyond	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+linkage	O
+of	O
+disparate	O
+Web	B-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+and	O
+applications	O
+,	O
+the	O
+challenge	O
+for	O
+Information	B-KEY
+Architects	I-KEY
+is	O
+establishing	O
+a	O
+process	O
+by	O
+which	O
+to	O
+structure	O
+,	O
+organize	O
+,	O
+and	O
+design	O
+networked	B-KEY
+environments	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+principles	O
+that	O
+guide	O
+New	O
+Urbanism	O
+can	O
+offer	O
+much	O
+insight	O
+into	O
+networked	B-KEY
+electronic	I-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+.	O
+At	O
+the	O
+core	O
+of	O
+every	O
+New	O
+Urbanism	O
+principle	O
+is	O
+the	O
+idea	O
+of	O
+``	O
+wholeness	O
+''	O
+-	O
+of	O
+making	O
+sure	O
+that	O
+neighborhoods	O
+and	O
+communities	B-KEY
+are	O
+knit	O
+together	O
+in	O
+a	O
+way	O
+that	O
+supports	O
+civic	O
+activities	O
+,	O
+economic	O
+development	O
+,	O
+efficient	O
+ecosystems	O
+,	O
+aesthetic	O
+beauty	O
+,	O
+and	O
+human	O
+interaction	O
+
+Comprehensive	O
+encoding	O
+and	O
+decoupling	O
+solution	O
+to	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+decoherence	B-KEY
+and	O
+design	O
+in	O
+solid-state	B-KEY
+quantum	I-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+Proposals	O
+for	O
+scalable	B-KEY
+quantum	I-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+devices	I-KEY
+suffer	O
+not	O
+only	O
+from	O
+decoherence	B-KEY
+due	O
+to	O
+the	O
+interaction	O
+with	O
+their	O
+environment	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+from	O
+severe	O
+engineering	B-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+.	O
+Here	O
+we	O
+introduce	O
+a	O
+practical	O
+solution	O
+to	O
+these	O
+major	O
+concerns	O
+,	O
+addressing	O
+solid-state	O
+proposals	O
+in	O
+particular	O
+.	O
+Decoherence	B-KEY
+is	O
+first	O
+reduced	O
+by	O
+encoding	O
+a	O
+logical	O
+qubit	O
+into	O
+two	O
+qubits	O
+,	O
+then	O
+completely	O
+eliminated	O
+by	O
+an	O
+efficient	O
+set	O
+of	O
+decoupling	O
+pulse	O
+sequences	O
+.	O
+The	O
+same	O
+encoding	O
+removes	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+single-qubit	O
+operations	O
+,	O
+which	O
+pose	O
+a	O
+difficult	O
+design	O
+constraint	O
+.	O
+We	O
+further	O
+show	O
+how	O
+the	O
+dominant	O
+decoherence	B-KEY
+processes	O
+can	O
+be	O
+identified	O
+empirically	O
+,	O
+in	O
+order	O
+to	O
+optimize	O
+the	O
+decoupling	O
+pulses	O
+
+Post-haste	O
+.	O
+100th	O
+robotic	B-KEY
+containerization	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+installed	O
+in	O
+US	O
+mail	B-KEY
+sorting	I-KEY
+center	O
+Spot	O
+welding	O
+,	O
+machine	O
+tending	O
+,	O
+material	O
+handling	O
+,	O
+picking	O
+,	O
+packing	O
+,	O
+painting	O
+,	O
+palletizing	O
+,	O
+assembly	O
+...	O
+the	O
+list	O
+of	O
+tasks	O
+being	O
+performed	O
+by	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+robots	I-KEY
+keeps	O
+on	O
+growing	O
+.	O
+Adding	O
+to	O
+this	O
+portfolio	O
+is	O
+a	O
+new	O
+robot	B-KEY
+containerization	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+RCS	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+ABB	O
+developed	O
+specifically	O
+for	O
+the	O
+United	B-KEY
+States	I-KEY
+Postal	I-KEY
+Service	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+USPS	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+RCS	O
+has	O
+brought	O
+new	O
+levels	O
+of	O
+speed	O
+,	O
+accuracy	O
+,	O
+efficiency	O
+and	O
+productivity	O
+to	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+sorting	O
+and	O
+containerizing	O
+mail	O
+and	O
+packages	O
+.	O
+Recently	O
+,	O
+the	O
+100th	O
+ABB	O
+RCS	O
+was	O
+installed	O
+at	O
+the	O
+USPS	O
+processing	O
+and	O
+distribution	O
+center	O
+in	O
+Columbus	O
+,	O
+Ohio	O
+
+Fully	B-KEY
+automatic	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+for	O
+region	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+interest	I-KEY
+location	I-KEY
+in	O
+camera	O
+calibration	O
+We	O
+present	O
+an	O
+automatic	O
+method	O
+for	O
+region	O
+of	O
+interest	O
+-LRB-	O
+ROI	O
+-RRB-	O
+location	O
+in	O
+camera	B-KEY
+calibration	I-KEY
+used	O
+in	O
+computer	B-KEY
+vision	I-KEY
+inspection	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+intelligent	O
+ROI	B-KEY
+location	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Radon	B-KEY
+transform	I-KEY
+is	O
+developed	O
+to	O
+automate	O
+the	O
+calibration	B-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithm	O
+remains	O
+robust	O
+even	O
+if	O
+the	O
+anchor	O
+target	O
+has	O
+a	O
+notable	O
+rotation	B-KEY
+angle	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+target	O
+plane	O
+.	O
+This	O
+method	O
+functions	O
+well	O
+although	O
+the	O
+anchor	O
+target	O
+is	O
+not	O
+carefully	O
+positioned	O
+.	O
+Several	O
+improvement	O
+methods	O
+are	O
+studied	O
+to	O
+avoid	O
+the	O
+algorithm	O
+'s	O
+huge	O
+time/space	B-KEY
+consumption	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithm	O
+runs	O
+about	O
+100	O
+times	O
+faster	O
+if	O
+these	O
+improvement	O
+methods	O
+are	O
+applied	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+this	O
+method	O
+fully	B-KEY
+automatic	I-KEY
+camera	I-KEY
+calibration	I-KEY
+is	O
+achieved	O
+without	O
+human	O
+interactive	O
+ROI	O
+specification	O
+.	O
+Experiments	O
+show	O
+that	O
+this	O
+algorithm	O
+can	O
+help	O
+to	O
+calibrate	O
+the	O
+intrinsic	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+zoom	B-KEY
+lens	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+camera	B-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+quickly	O
+and	O
+automatically	O
+
+On	O
+optimality	O
+in	O
+auditory	O
+information	O
+processing	O
+We	O
+study	O
+limits	O
+for	O
+the	O
+detection	O
+and	O
+estimation	O
+of	O
+weak	B-KEY
+sinusoidal	I-KEY
+signals	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+primary	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+mammalian	B-KEY
+auditory	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+using	O
+a	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+Fitzhugh-Nagumo	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+and	O
+an	O
+action-recovery	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+synaptic	O
+depression	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+overall	O
+model	O
+covers	O
+the	O
+chain	O
+from	O
+a	O
+hair	O
+cell	O
+to	O
+a	O
+point	O
+just	O
+after	O
+the	O
+synaptic	O
+connection	O
+with	O
+a	O
+cell	O
+in	O
+the	O
+cochlear	O
+nucleus	O
+.	O
+The	O
+information	O
+processing	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+system	O
+is	O
+evaluated	O
+using	O
+so-called	O
+phi	O
+-	O
+divergences	O
+from	O
+statistics	O
+that	O
+quantify	O
+``	O
+dissimilarity	O
+''	O
+between	O
+probability	O
+measures	O
+and	O
+are	O
+intimately	O
+related	O
+to	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+fundamental	O
+limits	O
+in	O
+statistics	O
+and	O
+information	O
+theory	O
+-LRB-	O
+IT	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+that	O
+there	O
+exists	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+parameters	O
+that	O
+can	O
+optimize	O
+several	O
+important	O
+phi	O
+-	O
+divergences	O
+simultaneously	O
+and	O
+that	O
+this	O
+set	O
+corresponds	O
+to	O
+a	O
+constant	O
+quiescent	B-KEY
+firing	I-KEY
+rate	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+QFR	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+the	O
+spiral	B-KEY
+ganglion	I-KEY
+neuron	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+optimal	O
+value	O
+of	O
+the	O
+QFR	O
+is	O
+frequency	O
+dependent	O
+but	O
+is	O
+essentially	O
+independent	O
+of	O
+the	O
+amplitude	O
+of	O
+the	O
+signal	O
+-LRB-	O
+for	O
+small	O
+amplitudes	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Consequently	O
+,	O
+optimal	O
+processing	O
+according	O
+to	O
+several	O
+standard	O
+IT	O
+criteria	O
+can	O
+be	O
+accomplished	O
+for	O
+this	O
+model	O
+if	O
+and	O
+only	O
+if	O
+the	O
+parameters	O
+are	O
+``	O
+tuned	O
+''	O
+to	O
+values	O
+that	O
+correspond	O
+to	O
+one	O
+and	O
+the	O
+same	O
+QFR	O
+.	O
+This	O
+offers	O
+a	O
+new	O
+explanation	O
+for	O
+the	O
+QFR	O
+and	O
+can	O
+provide	O
+new	O
+insight	O
+into	O
+the	O
+role	O
+played	O
+by	O
+several	O
+other	O
+parameters	O
+of	O
+the	O
+peripheral	B-KEY
+auditory	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+
+Java	O
+portability	O
+put	O
+to	O
+the	O
+test	O
+Sun	B-KEY
+Microsystems	I-KEY
+'	O
+recently	O
+launched	O
+Java	B-KEY
+Verification	I-KEY
+Program	I-KEY
+aims	O
+to	O
+enable	O
+companies	O
+to	O
+assess	O
+the	O
+cross-platform	B-KEY
+portability	I-KEY
+of	O
+applications	O
+written	O
+in	O
+Java	O
+,	O
+and	O
+to	O
+help	O
+software	O
+vendors	O
+ensure	O
+that	O
+their	O
+solutions	O
+can	O
+run	O
+in	O
+heterogenous	O
+J2EE	O
+application	O
+server	O
+environments	O
+
+An	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+reachability	B-KEY
+set	I-KEY
+approximation	I-KEY
+and	O
+linearization	B-KEY
+The	O
+terminal	B-KEY
+functional	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+general	O
+control	O
+system	O
+is	O
+refined	O
+by	O
+studying	O
+an	O
+analogous	O
+problem	O
+for	O
+a	O
+variational	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+and	O
+regularization	B-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+sequential	B-KEY
+refinement	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+is	O
+designed	O
+by	O
+combining	O
+the	O
+local	B-KEY
+approximation	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+reachability	O
+set	O
+and	O
+reduction	O
+.	O
+The	O
+corresponding	O
+algorithm	O
+has	O
+relaxation	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+illustrative	O
+example	O
+is	O
+given	O
+
+Managing	O
+safety	O
+and	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+stocks	I-KEY
+to	O
+improve	O
+materials	B-KEY
+requirements	I-KEY
+planning	I-KEY
+performance	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+methodology	O
+for	O
+managing	O
+safety	O
+and	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+stocks	I-KEY
+in	O
+materials	B-KEY
+requirements	I-KEY
+planning	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MRP	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+environments	O
+to	O
+face	O
+uncertainty	O
+in	O
+market	B-KEY
+demand	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+set	O
+of	O
+recommended	O
+guidelines	O
+suggest	O
+where	O
+to	O
+position	O
+,	O
+how	O
+to	O
+dimension	O
+and	O
+when	O
+to	O
+replenish	O
+both	O
+safety	O
+and	O
+strategic	B-KEY
+stocks	I-KEY
+.	O
+Trade-offs	O
+between	O
+stock	O
+positioning	O
+and	O
+dimensioning	O
+and	O
+between	O
+stock	O
+positioning	O
+and	O
+replenishment	O
+order	O
+triggering	O
+are	O
+outlined	O
+.	O
+The	O
+study	O
+reveals	O
+also	O
+that	O
+most	O
+of	O
+the	O
+decisions	O
+are	O
+system	O
+specific	O
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+they	O
+should	O
+be	O
+evaluated	O
+in	O
+a	O
+quantitative	O
+manner	O
+through	O
+simulation	O
+.	O
+A	O
+case	O
+study	O
+is	O
+reported	O
+,	O
+where	O
+the	O
+benefits	O
+from	O
+adopting	O
+the	O
+new	O
+proposed	O
+methodology	O
+lie	O
+in	O
+achieving	O
+the	O
+target	O
+service	B-KEY
+level	I-KEY
+even	O
+under	O
+peak	B-KEY
+demand	I-KEY
+conditions	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+value	O
+of	O
+safety	B-KEY
+stocks	I-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+whole	O
+growing	O
+only	O
+by	O
+about	O
+20	O
+per	O
+cent	O
+
+A	O
+pretopological	B-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+for	O
+structural	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+The	O
+aim	O
+of	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+to	O
+present	O
+a	O
+methodological	O
+approach	O
+for	O
+problems	O
+encountered	O
+in	O
+structural	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+based	O
+upon	O
+the	O
+pretopological	O
+concepts	O
+of	O
+pseudoclosure	B-KEY
+and	O
+minimal	B-KEY
+closed	I-KEY
+subsets	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+advantage	O
+of	O
+this	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+that	O
+it	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+framework	O
+which	O
+is	O
+general	O
+enough	O
+to	O
+model	O
+and	O
+formulate	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+connections	B-KEY
+that	O
+exist	O
+between	O
+the	O
+elements	O
+of	O
+a	O
+population	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+it	O
+has	O
+enabled	O
+us	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+a	O
+new	O
+structural	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+algorithm	O
+.	O
+An	O
+explanation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+definitions	O
+and	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+the	O
+pretopological	O
+concepts	O
+applied	O
+in	O
+this	O
+work	O
+is	O
+first	O
+shown	O
+and	O
+illustrated	O
+in	O
+sample	O
+settings	O
+.	O
+The	O
+structural	B-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+then	O
+described	O
+and	O
+the	O
+results	O
+obtained	O
+in	O
+an	O
+economic	B-KEY
+study	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+geographic	B-KEY
+proximity	I-KEY
+on	O
+scientific	B-KEY
+collaborations	I-KEY
+are	O
+presented	O
+
+A	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+evaluating	O
+the	O
+data-hiding	B-KEY
+capacity	I-KEY
+of	O
+image	B-KEY
+sources	I-KEY
+An	O
+information-theoretic	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+for	O
+image	O
+watermarking	B-KEY
+and	O
+data	O
+hiding	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+Previous	O
+theoretical	O
+results	O
+are	O
+used	O
+to	O
+characterize	O
+the	O
+fundamental	O
+capacity	B-KEY
+limits	I-KEY
+of	O
+image	O
+watermarking	B-KEY
+and	O
+data-hiding	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+Capacity	O
+is	O
+determined	O
+by	O
+the	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+used	O
+for	O
+the	O
+host	O
+image	O
+,	O
+by	O
+the	O
+distortion	B-KEY
+constraints	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+data	O
+hider	O
+and	O
+the	O
+attacker	O
+,	O
+and	O
+by	O
+the	O
+information	O
+available	O
+to	O
+the	O
+data	O
+hider	O
+,	O
+to	O
+the	O
+attacker	O
+,	O
+and	O
+to	O
+the	O
+decoder	O
+.	O
+We	O
+consider	O
+autoregressive	O
+,	O
+block-DCT	O
+,	O
+and	O
+wavelet	B-KEY
+statistical	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+for	O
+images	O
+and	O
+compute	O
+data-hiding	O
+capacity	O
+for	O
+compressed	O
+and	O
+uncompressed	O
+host-image	O
+sources	O
+.	O
+Closed-form	B-KEY
+expressions	I-KEY
+are	O
+obtained	O
+under	O
+sparse-model	B-KEY
+approximations	I-KEY
+.	O
+Models	O
+for	O
+geometric	B-KEY
+attacks	I-KEY
+and	O
+distortion	B-KEY
+measures	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+invariant	O
+to	O
+such	O
+attacks	O
+are	O
+considered	O
+
+Standards	O
+for	O
+service	B-KEY
+discovery	I-KEY
+and	O
+delivery	O
+For	O
+the	O
+past	O
+five	O
+years	O
+,	O
+competing	O
+industries	O
+and	O
+standards	O
+developers	O
+have	O
+been	O
+hotly	O
+pursuing	O
+automatic	O
+configuration	O
+,	O
+now	O
+coined	O
+the	O
+broader	O
+term	O
+service	B-KEY
+discovery	I-KEY
+.	O
+Jini	B-KEY
+,	O
+Universal	B-KEY
+Plug	I-KEY
+and	I-KEY
+Play	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+UPnP	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+Salutation	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+Service	B-KEY
+Location	I-KEY
+Protocol	I-KEY
+are	O
+among	O
+the	O
+front-runners	O
+in	O
+this	O
+new	O
+race	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+choosing	O
+service	B-KEY
+discovery	I-KEY
+as	O
+the	O
+topic	O
+of	O
+the	O
+hour	O
+goes	O
+beyond	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+plug-and-play	O
+solutions	O
+or	O
+support	O
+for	O
+the	O
+SOHO	O
+-LRB-	O
+small	O
+office/home	O
+office	O
+-RRB-	O
+user	O
+.	O
+Service	B-KEY
+discovery	I-KEY
+'s	O
+potential	O
+in	O
+mobile	O
+and	O
+pervasive	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+environments	O
+motivated	O
+my	O
+choice	O
+
+Chemical	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+based	I-KEY
+scaling	I-KEY
+of	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+universal	B-KEY
+chemical	I-KEY
+scale	I-KEY
+for	O
+library	B-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+and	O
+analysis	O
+Scaling	O
+is	O
+a	O
+difficult	O
+issue	O
+for	O
+any	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+chemical	B-KEY
+properties	I-KEY
+or	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+topology	I-KEY
+when	O
+disparate	O
+descriptors	O
+are	O
+involved	O
+.	O
+To	O
+compare	O
+properties	O
+across	O
+different	O
+data	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+common	O
+scale	O
+must	O
+be	O
+defined	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+several	O
+publicly	O
+available	O
+databases	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+ACD	O
+,	O
+CMC	O
+,	O
+MDDR	O
+,	O
+and	O
+NCI	O
+-RRB-	O
+as	O
+a	O
+basis	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+to	O
+define	O
+chemically	O
+meaningful	O
+scales	O
+for	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+molecular	O
+properties	O
+and	O
+topology	O
+descriptors	O
+.	O
+These	O
+chemically	O
+derived	O
+scaling	O
+functions	O
+have	O
+several	O
+advantages	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+possible	O
+to	O
+define	O
+chemically	O
+relevant	O
+scales	O
+,	O
+greatly	O
+simplifying	O
+similarity	O
+and	O
+diversity	B-KEY
+analyses	I-KEY
+across	O
+data	B-KEY
+sets	I-KEY
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+this	O
+approach	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+convenient	O
+method	O
+for	O
+setting	O
+descriptor	B-KEY
+boundaries	I-KEY
+that	O
+define	O
+chemically	O
+reasonable	O
+topology	O
+spaces	O
+.	O
+For	O
+example	O
+,	O
+descriptors	O
+can	O
+be	O
+scaled	O
+so	O
+that	O
+compounds	O
+with	O
+little	O
+potential	O
+for	O
+biological	B-KEY
+activity	I-KEY
+,	O
+bioavailability	B-KEY
+,	O
+or	O
+other	O
+drug-like	B-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+are	O
+easily	O
+identified	O
+as	O
+outliers	B-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+have	O
+compiled	O
+scaling	O
+values	O
+for	O
+314	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+the	O
+10th	O
+and	O
+90th	O
+percentile	O
+values	O
+for	O
+each	O
+descriptor	O
+have	O
+been	O
+calculated	O
+for	O
+use	O
+in	O
+outlier	B-KEY
+filtering	O
+
+Pattern	B-KEY
+recognition	I-KEY
+strategies	I-KEY
+for	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+surfaces	I-KEY
+.	O
+II	O
+.	O
+Surface	B-KEY
+complementarity	I-KEY
+For	O
+pt.I	O
+see	O
+ibid.	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.23	O
+,	O
+p.1176-87	O
+-LRB-	O
+2002	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Fuzzy	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+based	I-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+quantitative	B-KEY
+treatment	I-KEY
+of	O
+complementarity	O
+of	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+surfaces	I-KEY
+are	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+Therein	O
+,	O
+the	O
+overlapping	B-KEY
+surface	I-KEY
+patches	O
+defined	O
+in	O
+part	O
+I	O
+of	O
+this	O
+series	O
+are	O
+used	O
+.	O
+The	O
+identification	O
+of	O
+complementary	O
+surface	O
+patches	O
+can	O
+be	O
+considered	O
+as	O
+a	O
+first	O
+step	O
+for	O
+the	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+molecular	O
+docking	O
+problems	O
+.	O
+Standard	O
+technologies	O
+can	O
+then	O
+be	O
+used	O
+for	O
+further	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+complex	O
+structures	O
+.	O
+The	O
+algorithms	O
+are	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+33	O
+biomolecular	B-KEY
+complexes	I-KEY
+.	O
+After	O
+the	O
+optimization	B-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+downhill	B-KEY
+simplex	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+,	O
+for	O
+all	O
+these	O
+complexes	O
+one	O
+structure	O
+was	O
+found	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+in	O
+very	O
+good	O
+agreement	O
+with	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+results	O
+
+Strategies	O
+for	O
+high	O
+throughput	O
+,	O
+templated	B-KEY
+zeolite	I-KEY
+synthesis	I-KEY
+The	O
+design	O
+and	O
+redesign	O
+of	O
+high	O
+throughput	O
+experiments	O
+for	O
+zeolite	O
+synthesis	O
+are	O
+addressed	O
+.	O
+A	O
+model	O
+that	O
+relates	O
+materials	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+chemical	B-KEY
+composition	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+zeolite	O
+and	O
+the	O
+structure	B-KEY
+directing	I-KEY
+agent	I-KEY
+is	O
+introduced	O
+.	O
+Using	O
+this	O
+model	O
+,	O
+several	O
+Monte	B-KEY
+Carlo-like	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+protocols	I-KEY
+are	O
+evaluated	O
+.	O
+Multi-round	B-KEY
+protocols	I-KEY
+are	O
+bound	O
+to	O
+be	O
+effective	O
+,	O
+and	O
+strategies	O
+that	O
+use	O
+a	B-KEY
+priori	I-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+about	O
+the	O
+structure-directing	O
+libraries	O
+are	O
+found	O
+to	O
+be	O
+the	O
+best	O
+
+E-government	B-KEY
+The	O
+author	O
+provides	O
+an	O
+introduction	O
+to	O
+the	O
+main	O
+issues	O
+surrounding	O
+E-government	B-KEY
+modernisation	B-KEY
+and	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+delivery	I-KEY
+of	O
+all	O
+public	B-KEY
+services	I-KEY
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+2005	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+makes	O
+it	O
+clear	O
+that	O
+E-government	B-KEY
+is	O
+about	O
+transformation	O
+,	O
+not	O
+computers	O
+and	O
+hints	O
+at	O
+the	O
+special	O
+legal	B-KEY
+issues	I-KEY
+which	O
+may	O
+arise	O
+
+Warranty	B-KEY
+reserves	I-KEY
+for	O
+nonstationary	B-KEY
+sales	I-KEY
+processes	I-KEY
+Estimation	O
+of	O
+warranty	O
+costs	O
+,	O
+in	O
+the	O
+event	O
+of	O
+product	B-KEY
+failure	I-KEY
+within	O
+the	O
+warranty	O
+period	O
+,	O
+is	O
+of	O
+importance	O
+to	O
+the	O
+manufacturer	O
+.	O
+Costs	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+replacement	O
+or	O
+repair	O
+of	O
+the	O
+product	O
+are	O
+usually	O
+drawn	O
+from	O
+a	O
+warranty	B-KEY
+reserve	I-KEY
+fund	O
+created	O
+by	O
+the	O
+manufacturer	O
+.	O
+Considering	O
+a	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+sales	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+,	O
+first	O
+and	O
+second	B-KEY
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+and	O
+thereby	O
+the	O
+variance	B-KEY
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+derived	O
+for	O
+the	O
+manufacturer	O
+'s	O
+total	B-KEY
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+warranty	I-KEY
+cost	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+single	O
+sale	O
+for	O
+single-component	B-KEY
+items	I-KEY
+under	O
+four	O
+different	O
+warranty	O
+policies	O
+from	O
+a	O
+manufacturer	O
+'s	O
+point	O
+of	O
+view	O
+.	O
+These	O
+servicing	B-KEY
+strategies	I-KEY
+represent	O
+a	O
+renewable	B-KEY
+free-replacement	I-KEY
+,	O
+nonrenewable	B-KEY
+free-replacement	I-KEY
+,	O
+renewable	B-KEY
+pro-rata	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+a	O
+nonrenewable	B-KEY
+minimal-repair	I-KEY
+warranty	I-KEY
+plans	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+results	O
+are	O
+extended	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+mean	O
+and	O
+variance	B-KEY
+of	O
+total	B-KEY
+discounted	I-KEY
+warranty	I-KEY
+costs	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+total	O
+sales	O
+over	O
+the	O
+life	O
+cycle	O
+of	O
+the	O
+product	O
+.	O
+Furthermore	O
+,	O
+using	O
+a	O
+normal	B-KEY
+approximation	I-KEY
+,	O
+warranty	B-KEY
+reserves	I-KEY
+necessary	O
+for	O
+a	O
+certain	O
+protection	O
+level	O
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+reserves	O
+are	O
+not	O
+completely	O
+depleted	O
+,	O
+are	O
+found	O
+.	O
+Results	O
+and	O
+their	O
+managerial	B-KEY
+implications	I-KEY
+are	O
+studied	O
+through	O
+an	O
+extensive	O
+example	O
+
+Library	O
+services	O
+today	O
+and	O
+tomorrow	O
+:	O
+lessons	O
+from	O
+iLumina	B-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+digital	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+for	O
+creating	O
+and	O
+sharing	O
+teaching	O
+resources	O
+This	O
+article	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+emerging	O
+experience	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+a	O
+digital	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+of	O
+instructional	O
+resources	O
+,	O
+iLumina	B-KEY
+,	O
+in	O
+which	O
+the	O
+contributors	O
+of	O
+resources	O
+and	O
+the	O
+users	O
+of	O
+those	O
+resources	O
+are	O
+the	O
+same-an	O
+open	O
+community	O
+of	O
+instructors	O
+in	O
+science	O
+,	O
+mathematics	O
+,	O
+engineering	O
+,	O
+and	O
+technology	O
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+not	O
+the	O
+resources	O
+,	O
+most	O
+of	O
+which	O
+will	O
+be	O
+distributed	O
+across	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+metadata	B-KEY
+about	O
+the	O
+resources	O
+that	O
+is	O
+the	O
+focus	O
+of	O
+the	O
+central	O
+iLumina	B-KEY
+repository	O
+and	O
+its	O
+support	O
+services	O
+for	O
+resource	O
+contributors	O
+and	O
+users	O
+.	O
+The	O
+distributed	O
+iLumina	B-KEY
+library	O
+is	O
+a	O
+community-sharing	B-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+for	O
+repurposing	O
+and	O
+adding	O
+value	O
+to	O
+potentially	O
+useful	O
+,	O
+mostly	O
+non-commercial	O
+instructional	O
+resources	O
+that	O
+are	O
+typically	O
+more	O
+granular	O
+in	O
+nature	O
+than	O
+commercially	O
+developed	O
+course	O
+materials	O
+.	O
+The	O
+experience	O
+of	O
+developing	O
+iLumina	B-KEY
+is	O
+raising	O
+a	O
+range	O
+of	O
+issues	O
+that	O
+have	O
+nothing	O
+to	O
+do	O
+with	O
+the	O
+place	O
+and	O
+time	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+instructional	O
+context	O
+in	O
+which	O
+iLumina	B-KEY
+instructional	O
+resources	O
+are	O
+created	O
+or	O
+used	O
+.	O
+The	O
+issues	O
+instead	O
+have	O
+their	O
+locus	O
+in	O
+the	O
+democratization	O
+of	O
+both	O
+the	O
+professional	B-KEY
+roles	I-KEY
+of	O
+librarians	B-KEY
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+the	O
+quality	B-KEY
+assurance	I-KEY
+mechanisms	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+traditional	O
+peer	B-KEY
+review	I-KEY
+
+An	O
+unconditionally	O
+stable	O
+extended	O
+-LRB-	O
+USE	O
+-RRB-	O
+finite-element	O
+time-domain	O
+solution	O
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+microwave	I-KEY
+circuits	I-KEY
+using	O
+perfectly	B-KEY
+matched	I-KEY
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+This	O
+paper	O
+proposes	O
+an	O
+extension	O
+of	O
+the	O
+unconditionally	O
+stable	O
+finite-element	O
+time-domain	O
+-LRB-	O
+FETD	O
+-RRB-	O
+method	O
+for	O
+the	O
+global	B-KEY
+electromagnetic	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+of	O
+active	O
+microwave	O
+circuits	O
+.	O
+This	O
+formulation	O
+has	O
+two	O
+advantages	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+the	O
+time-step	B-KEY
+size	I-KEY
+is	O
+no	O
+longer	O
+governed	O
+by	O
+the	O
+spatial	O
+discretization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+mesh	O
+,	O
+but	O
+rather	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Nyquist	B-KEY
+sampling	I-KEY
+criterion	I-KEY
+.	O
+Second	O
+,	O
+the	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+truncation	O
+by	O
+the	O
+perfectly	B-KEY
+matched	I-KEY
+layers	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+PML	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+straightforward	O
+.	O
+An	O
+anisotropic	B-KEY
+PML	I-KEY
+absorbing	I-KEY
+material	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+for	O
+the	O
+truncation	O
+of	O
+FETD	O
+lattices	O
+.	O
+Reflection	O
+less	O
+than	O
+-50	O
+dB	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+numerically	O
+over	O
+the	O
+entire	O
+propagation	O
+bandwidth	O
+in	O
+waveguide	B-KEY
+and	O
+microstrip	B-KEY
+line	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+benchmark	O
+test	O
+on	O
+a	O
+microwave	B-KEY
+amplifier	I-KEY
+indicates	O
+that	O
+this	O
+extended	O
+FETD	O
+algorithm	O
+is	O
+not	O
+only	O
+superior	O
+to	O
+finite-difference	O
+time-domain-based	O
+algorithm	O
+in	O
+mesh	B-KEY
+flexibility	I-KEY
+and	O
+simulation	B-KEY
+accuracy	I-KEY
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+reduces	O
+computation	O
+time	O
+dramatically	O
+
+MATLAB	B-KEY
+code	I-KEY
+for	O
+plotting	O
+ambiguity	O
+functions	O
+A	O
+MATLAB	B-KEY
+code	I-KEY
+capable	O
+of	O
+plotting	O
+ambiguity	O
+functions	O
+of	O
+many	O
+different	O
+radar	B-KEY
+signals	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+makes	O
+use	O
+of	O
+MATLAB	O
+'s	O
+sparse	B-KEY
+matrix	I-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+avoids	O
+loops	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+could	O
+be	O
+useful	O
+as	O
+a	O
+pedagogical	B-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+in	O
+radar	B-KEY
+courses	I-KEY
+teaching	O
+pulse	B-KEY
+compression	I-KEY
+
+Statistical	O
+inference	O
+with	O
+partial	B-KEY
+prior	I-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+Gauss-type	O
+inequality	O
+Potter	O
+and	O
+Anderson	O
+-LRB-	O
+1983	O
+-RRB-	O
+have	O
+developed	O
+a	O
+Bayesian	B-KEY
+decision	I-KEY
+procedure	I-KEY
+requiring	O
+the	O
+specification	O
+of	O
+a	O
+class	O
+of	O
+prior	B-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+restricted	O
+to	O
+have	O
+a	O
+minimal	B-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+content	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+given	O
+subset	O
+of	O
+the	O
+parameter	B-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+.	O
+They	O
+do	O
+not	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+provide	O
+a	O
+method	O
+for	O
+the	O
+selection	O
+of	O
+that	O
+subset	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+how	O
+a	O
+generalization	O
+of	O
+Gauss	O
+'	O
+inequality	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+relevant	O
+parameter	O
+subset	O
+
+Phase	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+of	O
+higher-order	B-KEY
+squeezing	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+field	I-KEY
+In	O
+a	O
+recent	O
+experiment	O
+-LSB-	O
+Phys	O
+.	O
+Rev.	O
+Lett	O
+.	O
+88	O
+-LRB-	O
+2002	O
+-RRB-	O
+023601	O
+-RSB-	O
+,	O
+phase-dependent	B-KEY
+photon	I-KEY
+statistics	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+c.w.	O
+system	O
+has	O
+been	O
+observed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+mixing	O
+of	O
+a	O
+coherent	O
+field	O
+with	O
+a	O
+two-photon	O
+source	O
+.	O
+Their	O
+system	O
+has	O
+the	O
+advantage	O
+over	O
+other	O
+atomic	B-KEY
+transition-based	I-KEY
+fluorescent	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+examine	O
+further	O
+the	O
+squeezing	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+higher-order	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+fluctuations	I-KEY
+in	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+quadrature	O
+components	O
+of	O
+the	O
+combined	O
+field	O
+in	O
+this	O
+system	O
+.	O
+We	O
+demonstrate	O
+that	O
+efficient	O
+and	O
+lasting	O
+higher-order	B-KEY
+squeezing	I-KEY
+effects	O
+could	O
+be	O
+observed	O
+with	O
+proper	O
+choice	O
+of	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+phase	O
+between	O
+the	O
+pump	O
+and	O
+coherent	O
+fields	O
+.	O
+This	O
+nonclassical	O
+feature	O
+is	O
+attributed	O
+to	O
+a	O
+constructive	O
+two-photon	B-KEY
+interference	I-KEY
+.	O
+Relationship	O
+between	O
+the	O
+second	O
+-	O
+and	O
+higher-order	B-KEY
+squeezing	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+field	O
+is	O
+discussed	O
+
+Virus	O
+hunting	O
+We	O
+all	O
+appreciate	O
+the	O
+need	O
+for	O
+,	O
+and	O
+hopefully	O
+we	O
+have	O
+all	O
+deployed	O
+,	O
+anti-virus	B-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+good	O
+news	O
+is	O
+that	O
+AV	O
+software	O
+has	O
+come	O
+a	O
+long	O
+way	O
+fast	O
+.	O
+Four	O
+or	O
+so	O
+years	O
+ago	O
+it	O
+was	O
+true	O
+to	O
+write	O
+that	O
+AV	O
+software	O
+could	O
+not	O
+detect	O
+Trojan	B-KEY
+Horses	I-KEY
+and	O
+similar	O
+intrusion	O
+attempts	O
+.	O
+Now	O
+it	O
+can	O
+and	O
+does	O
+.	O
+McAfee	O
+'s	O
+VirusScan	O
+,	O
+for	O
+example	O
+,	O
+goes	O
+one	O
+further	O
+;	O
+it	O
+detects	O
+viruses	O
+,	O
+worms	B-KEY
+and	O
+Trojan	B-KEY
+Horses	I-KEY
+and	O
+deploys	O
+itself	O
+as	O
+a	O
+firewall	O
+to	O
+filter	O
+data	O
+packets	O
+,	O
+control	O
+access	O
+to	O
+Internet	O
+resources	O
+,	O
+activate	O
+rule	O
+sets	O
+for	O
+specific	O
+applications	O
+,	O
+in	O
+general	O
+to	O
+protect	O
+against	O
+hackers	O
+.	O
+But	O
+like	O
+so	O
+much	O
+software	O
+,	O
+we	O
+use	O
+it	O
+with	O
+little	O
+thought	O
+as	O
+to	O
+how	O
+it	O
+came	O
+to	O
+do	O
+its	O
+job	O
+.	O
+Behind	O
+the	O
+scenes	O
+there	O
+is	O
+an	O
+army	O
+of	O
+top	O
+notch	O
+programmers	B-KEY
+trying	O
+to	O
+stay	O
+ahead	O
+of	O
+the	O
+baddies	O
+who	O
+,	O
+at	O
+the	O
+last	O
+count	O
+,	O
+had	O
+produced	O
+some	O
+60,000	O
+viruses	O
+
+Modeling	O
+self-consistent	O
+multi-class	O
+dynamic	O
+traffic	O
+flow	O
+In	O
+this	O
+study	O
+,	O
+we	O
+present	O
+a	O
+systematic	O
+self-consistent	O
+multiclass	O
+multilane	B-KEY
+traffic	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+derived	O
+from	O
+the	O
+vehicular	B-KEY
+Boltzmann	I-KEY
+equation	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+traffic	B-KEY
+dispersion	I-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+multilane	O
+domain	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+as	O
+a	O
+two-dimensional	O
+space	O
+and	O
+the	O
+interaction	O
+among	O
+vehicles	O
+in	O
+the	O
+domain	O
+is	O
+described	O
+by	O
+a	O
+dispersion	O
+model	O
+.	O
+The	O
+reason	O
+we	O
+consider	O
+a	O
+multilane	O
+domain	O
+as	O
+a	O
+two-dimensional	O
+space	O
+is	O
+that	O
+the	O
+driving	O
+behavior	O
+of	O
+road	B-KEY
+users	I-KEY
+may	O
+not	O
+be	O
+restricted	O
+by	O
+lanes	O
+,	O
+especially	O
+motorcyclists	O
+.	O
+The	O
+dispersion	O
+model	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+a	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+Poisson	I-KEY
+equation	I-KEY
+,	O
+is	O
+derived	O
+from	O
+the	O
+car-following	O
+theory	O
+and	O
+the	O
+equilibrium	O
+assumption	O
+.	O
+Under	O
+the	O
+concept	O
+that	O
+all	O
+kinds	O
+of	O
+users	O
+share	O
+the	O
+finite	O
+section	O
+,	O
+the	O
+density	O
+is	O
+distributed	O
+on	O
+a	O
+road	O
+by	O
+the	O
+dispersion	O
+model	O
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+the	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+evolution	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+traffic	O
+flow	O
+is	O
+determined	O
+by	O
+the	O
+systematic	O
+gas-kinetic	O
+model	O
+derived	O
+from	O
+the	O
+Boltzmann	O
+equation	O
+.	O
+Multiplying	O
+Boltzmann	O
+equation	O
+by	O
+the	O
+zeroth	O
+,	O
+first	O
+-	O
+and	O
+second-order	O
+moment	O
+functions	O
+,	O
+integrating	O
+both	O
+side	O
+of	O
+the	O
+equation	O
+and	O
+using	O
+chain	O
+rules	O
+,	O
+we	O
+can	O
+derive	O
+continuity	O
+,	O
+motion	O
+and	O
+variance	B-KEY
+equation	I-KEY
+,	O
+respectively	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+the	O
+second-order	O
+moment	O
+function	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+the	O
+square	O
+of	O
+the	O
+individual	O
+velocity	O
+,	O
+is	O
+employed	O
+by	O
+previous	O
+researches	O
+does	O
+not	O
+have	O
+physical	O
+meaning	O
+in	O
+traffic	O
+flow	O
+
+Control	O
+centers	O
+are	O
+here	O
+to	O
+stay	O
+Despite	O
+changes	O
+with	O
+different	O
+structures	O
+,	O
+market	O
+rules	O
+,	O
+and	O
+uncertainties	O
+,	O
+a	O
+control	O
+center	O
+must	O
+always	O
+be	O
+in	O
+place	O
+to	O
+maintain	O
+the	O
+security	O
+,	O
+reliability	O
+,	O
+and	O
+quality	O
+of	O
+electric	O
+service	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+focuses	O
+on	O
+the	O
+energy	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+EMS	O
+-RRB-	O
+control	O
+center	O
+,	O
+identifying	O
+the	O
+major	O
+functions	O
+that	O
+have	O
+become	O
+standard	B-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+of	O
+every	O
+application	B-KEY
+software	I-KEY
+package	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+two	O
+most	O
+important	O
+control	O
+center	O
+functions	O
+,	O
+security	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+and	O
+load-following	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+,	O
+guarantee	O
+the	O
+continuity	O
+of	O
+electric	O
+service	O
+,	O
+which	O
+after	O
+all	O
+,	O
+is	O
+the	O
+end-product	O
+of	O
+the	O
+utility	O
+business	O
+.	O
+New	O
+technology	O
+trends	O
+in	O
+the	O
+design	O
+of	O
+control	B-KEY
+center	I-KEY
+infrastructures	I-KEY
+are	O
+emerging	O
+in	O
+the	O
+liberalized	B-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+energy	B-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+example	O
+of	O
+a	O
+control	B-KEY
+center	I-KEY
+infrastructure	I-KEY
+is	O
+described	O
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+ends	O
+with	O
+a	O
+concern	O
+for	O
+the	O
+security	O
+of	O
+the	O
+control	O
+center	O
+itself	O
+
+The	O
+Canadian	B-KEY
+National	I-KEY
+Site	I-KEY
+Licensing	I-KEY
+Project	I-KEY
+In	O
+January	O
+2000	O
+,	O
+a	O
+consortium	O
+of	O
+64	O
+universities	O
+in	O
+Canada	O
+signed	O
+a	O
+historic	O
+inter-institutional	B-KEY
+agreement	I-KEY
+that	O
+launched	O
+the	O
+Canadian	B-KEY
+National	I-KEY
+Site	I-KEY
+Licensing	I-KEY
+Project	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CNSLP	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+a	O
+three-year	O
+pilot	O
+project	O
+aimed	O
+at	O
+bolstering	O
+the	O
+research	B-KEY
+and	I-KEY
+innovation	I-KEY
+capacity	O
+of	O
+the	O
+country	O
+'s	O
+universities	O
+.	O
+CNSLP	B-KEY
+tests	O
+the	O
+feasibility	O
+of	O
+licensing	O
+,	O
+on	O
+a	O
+national	O
+scale	O
+,	O
+electronic	O
+versions	O
+of	O
+scholarly	O
+publications	O
+;	O
+in	O
+its	O
+initial	O
+phases	O
+the	O
+project	O
+is	O
+focused	O
+on	O
+full-text	B-KEY
+electronic	I-KEY
+journals	I-KEY
+and	O
+research	B-KEY
+databases	I-KEY
+in	O
+science	O
+,	O
+engineering	O
+,	O
+health	O
+and	O
+environmental	O
+disciplines	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+provides	O
+an	O
+overview	O
+of	O
+the	O
+CNSLP	B-KEY
+initiative	O
+,	O
+summarizes	O
+organizational	O
+and	O
+licensing	O
+accomplishments	O
+to	O
+date	O
+,	O
+and	O
+offers	O
+preliminary	O
+observations	O
+on	O
+challenges	O
+and	O
+opportunities	O
+for	O
+subsequent	O
+phases	O
+of	O
+the	O
+project	O
+
+Low-voltage	O
+DRAM	O
+sensing	O
+scheme	O
+with	O
+offset-cancellation	O
+sense	O
+amplifier	O
+A	O
+novel	O
+bitline	B-KEY
+sensing	I-KEY
+scheme	I-KEY
+is	O
+proposed	O
+for	O
+low-voltage	O
+DRAM	O
+to	O
+achieve	O
+low	B-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+dissipation	I-KEY
+and	O
+compatibility	O
+with	O
+low-voltage	O
+CMOS	O
+.	O
+One	O
+of	O
+the	O
+major	O
+obstacles	O
+in	O
+low-voltage	O
+DRAM	O
+is	O
+the	O
+degradation	O
+of	O
+data-retention	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+due	O
+to	O
+low	O
+signal	O
+level	O
+at	O
+the	O
+memory	B-KEY
+cell	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+requires	O
+power-consuming	B-KEY
+refresh	I-KEY
+operations	I-KEY
+more	O
+frequently	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+proposes	O
+an	O
+offset-cancellation	O
+sense-amplifier	O
+scheme	O
+-LRB-	O
+OCSA	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+improves	O
+data-retention	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+significantly	O
+even	O
+at	O
+low	O
+supply	O
+voltage	O
+.	O
+It	O
+also	O
+improves	O
+die	O
+efficiency	O
+,	O
+because	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+scheme	O
+reduces	O
+the	O
+number	O
+of	O
+sense	O
+amplifiers	O
+by	O
+supporting	O
+more	O
+cells	O
+in	O
+each	O
+sense	O
+amplifier	O
+.	O
+Measurements	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+data-retention	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+scheme	O
+at	O
+1.5-V	O
+supply	O
+voltage	O
+is	O
+2.4	O
+times	O
+of	O
+the	O
+conventional	O
+scheme	O
+at	O
+2.0	O
+V	O
+
+Recursive	B-KEY
+state	I-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+for	O
+multiple	B-KEY
+switching	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+with	O
+unknown	B-KEY
+transition	I-KEY
+probabilities	I-KEY
+This	O
+work	O
+considers	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+continuous-valued	B-KEY
+target	I-KEY
+states	I-KEY
+and	O
+discrete-valued	B-KEY
+regime	I-KEY
+variable	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+changes	O
+-LRB-	O
+switches	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+the	O
+regime	O
+variable	O
+are	O
+modeled	O
+by	O
+a	O
+finite	B-KEY
+state	I-KEY
+Markov	I-KEY
+chain	I-KEY
+with	O
+unknown	O
+and	O
+random	B-KEY
+transition	I-KEY
+probabilities	I-KEY
+following	O
+Dirichlet	B-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+work	O
+analytically	O
+derives	O
+the	O
+marginal	B-KEY
+posterior	I-KEY
+distribution	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+states	O
+and	O
+regime	O
+variables	O
+,	O
+the	O
+transition	O
+probabilities	O
+being	O
+integrated	O
+out	O
+.	O
+This	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+a	O
+variety	O
+of	O
+recursive	O
+hybrid	O
+state	O
+estimation	O
+schemes	O
+which	O
+are	O
+an	O
+appealing	O
+intuitive	O
+and	O
+straightforward	O
+extension	O
+of	O
+standard	O
+algorithms	O
+.	O
+Their	O
+performance	O
+is	O
+illustrated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+maneuvering	B-KEY
+target	I-KEY
+tracking	I-KEY
+example	O
+
+Global	O
+stability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+attracting	O
+set	O
+of	O
+an	O
+enzyme-catalysed	O
+reaction	O
+system	O
+The	O
+essential	O
+feature	O
+of	O
+enzymatic	B-KEY
+reactions	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+nonlinear	B-KEY
+dependency	I-KEY
+of	O
+reaction	O
+rate	O
+on	O
+metabolite	B-KEY
+concentration	I-KEY
+taking	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+saturation	B-KEY
+kinetics	I-KEY
+.	O
+Recently	O
+,	O
+it	O
+has	O
+been	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+this	O
+feature	O
+is	O
+associated	O
+with	O
+the	O
+phenomenon	O
+of	O
+``	O
+loss	O
+of	O
+system	O
+coordination	O
+''	O
+-LRB-	O
+Liu	O
+,	O
+1999	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+we	O
+study	O
+a	O
+system	O
+of	O
+ordinary	B-KEY
+differential	I-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+representing	O
+a	O
+branched	O
+biochemical	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+of	O
+enzyme-mediated	B-KEY
+reactions	I-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+that	O
+this	O
+system	O
+can	O
+become	O
+very	O
+sensitive	O
+to	O
+changes	O
+in	O
+certain	O
+maximum	O
+enzyme	O
+activities	O
+.	O
+In	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+we	O
+show	O
+that	O
+the	O
+system	O
+exhibits	O
+three	O
+distinct	O
+responses	O
+:	O
+a	O
+unique	O
+,	O
+globally-stable	O
+steady-state	O
+,	O
+large	O
+amplitude	O
+oscillations	O
+,	O
+and	O
+asymptotically	O
+unbounded	O
+solutions	O
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+transition	O
+between	O
+these	O
+states	O
+being	O
+almost	O
+instantaneous	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+appearance	O
+of	O
+large	O
+amplitude	O
+,	O
+stable	B-KEY
+limit	I-KEY
+cycles	I-KEY
+occurs	O
+due	O
+to	O
+a	O
+``	O
+false	O
+''	O
+bifurcation	B-KEY
+or	O
+canard	O
+explosion	O
+.	O
+The	O
+subsequent	O
+disappearance	O
+of	O
+limit	O
+cycles	O
+corresponds	O
+to	O
+the	O
+collapse	O
+of	O
+the	O
+domain	O
+of	O
+attraction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+attracting	O
+set	O
+for	O
+the	O
+system	O
+and	O
+occurs	O
+due	O
+to	O
+a	O
+global	O
+bifurcation	B-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+flow	O
+,	O
+namely	O
+,	O
+a	O
+saddle	B-KEY
+connection	I-KEY
+.	O
+Subsequently	O
+,	O
+almost	O
+all	O
+nonnegative	O
+data	O
+become	O
+unbounded	O
+under	O
+the	O
+action	O
+of	O
+the	O
+dynamical	O
+system	O
+and	O
+correspond	O
+exactly	O
+to	O
+loss	O
+of	O
+system	O
+coordination	O
+.	O
+We	O
+discuss	O
+the	O
+relevance	O
+of	O
+these	O
+results	O
+to	O
+the	O
+possible	O
+consequences	O
+of	O
+modulating	O
+such	O
+systems	O
+
+The	O
+archival	B-KEY
+imagination	I-KEY
+of	O
+David	B-KEY
+Bearman	I-KEY
+,	O
+revisited	O
+Many	O
+archivists	O
+regard	O
+the	O
+archival	B-KEY
+imagination	I-KEY
+evidenced	O
+in	O
+the	O
+writings	O
+of	O
+David	B-KEY
+Bearman	I-KEY
+as	O
+avant-garde	O
+.	O
+Archivist	O
+L.	O
+Henry	O
+-LRB-	O
+1998	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+sharply	O
+criticized	O
+Bearman	O
+for	O
+being	O
+irreverent	O
+toward	O
+the	O
+archival	B-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+and	O
+practice	O
+outlined	O
+by	O
+classical	B-KEY
+American	I-KEY
+archivist	I-KEY
+T.	O
+R.	O
+Schellenberg	B-KEY
+.	O
+Although	O
+Bearman	O
+is	O
+sometimes	O
+credited	O
+-LRB-	O
+and	O
+sometimes	O
+berated	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+establishing	O
+``	O
+a	O
+new	O
+paradigm	O
+''	O
+centered	O
+on	O
+the	O
+archival	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+of	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+records	I-KEY
+,	O
+his	O
+methods	O
+and	O
+strategies	O
+are	O
+intended	O
+to	O
+encompass	O
+all	O
+forms	O
+of	O
+record	B-KEY
+keeping	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+article	O
+provides	O
+general	O
+observations	O
+on	O
+Bearman	O
+'s	O
+archival	B-KEY
+imagination	I-KEY
+,	O
+lists	O
+some	O
+of	O
+its	O
+components	O
+,	O
+and	O
+addresses	O
+elements	O
+of	O
+Henry	O
+'s	O
+critique	O
+.	O
+Although	O
+the	O
+long	O
+lasting	O
+impact	O
+of	O
+Bearman	O
+'s	O
+imagination	O
+upon	O
+the	O
+archival	B-KEY
+profession	I-KEY
+might	O
+be	O
+questioned	O
+,	O
+it	O
+nonetheless	O
+deserves	O
+continued	O
+consideration	O
+by	O
+archivists	O
+and	O
+inclusion	O
+as	O
+a	O
+component	O
+of	O
+graduate	B-KEY
+archival	I-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+
+Variable	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+intelligent	I-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+for	O
+PM	B-KEY
+synchronous	I-KEY
+servo	I-KEY
+motor	I-KEY
+drive	I-KEY
+The	O
+variable	O
+structure	O
+control	O
+-LRB-	O
+VSC	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+discrete	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+intelligent	O
+control	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+in	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+A	O
+novel	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+state	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+linear	B-KEY
+observer	I-KEY
+is	O
+firstly	O
+designed	O
+.	O
+Then	O
+a	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+for	O
+compensating	O
+uncertainty	O
+.	O
+The	O
+parameter	O
+of	O
+the	O
+VSC	O
+scheme	O
+is	O
+adjusted	O
+online	O
+by	O
+a	O
+neural	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+.	O
+Practical	O
+operating	O
+results	O
+from	O
+a	O
+PM	O
+synchronous	O
+motor	O
+-LRB-	O
+PMSM	O
+-RRB-	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+and	O
+practicability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+approach	O
+
+Cyberobscenity	B-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+ambit	O
+of	O
+English	O
+criminal	B-KEY
+law	I-KEY
+The	O
+author	O
+looks	O
+at	O
+a	O
+recent	O
+case	O
+and	O
+questions	O
+the	O
+Court	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Appeal	I-KEY
+'s	O
+approach	O
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+author	O
+'s	O
+submission	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Court	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Appeal	I-KEY
+'s	O
+decision	O
+in	O
+Perrin	O
+was	O
+wrong	O
+.	O
+P	O
+published	O
+no	O
+material	O
+in	O
+England	B-KEY
+and	O
+Wales	O
+,	O
+and	O
+should	O
+not	O
+have	O
+been	O
+convicted	O
+of	O
+any	O
+offence	O
+under	O
+English	O
+law	O
+,	O
+even	O
+if	O
+it	O
+were	O
+proved	O
+that	O
+he	O
+sought	O
+to	O
+attract	O
+English	O
+subscribers	O
+to	O
+his	O
+site	O
+.	O
+That	O
+may	O
+be	O
+an	O
+unpalatable	O
+conclusion	O
+but	O
+,	O
+if	O
+the	O
+content	O
+of	O
+foreign-hosted	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+sites	I-KEY
+is	O
+to	O
+be	O
+controlled	O
+,	O
+the	O
+only	O
+sensible	O
+way	O
+forward	O
+is	O
+through	O
+international	B-KEY
+agreement	I-KEY
+and	O
+cooperation	O
+.	O
+The	O
+Council	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Europe	I-KEY
+'s	O
+Cybercrime	B-KEY
+Convention	I-KEY
+provides	O
+some	O
+indication	O
+of	O
+the	O
+limited	O
+areas	O
+over	O
+which	O
+widespread	O
+international	B-KEY
+agreement	I-KEY
+might	O
+be	O
+achieved	O
+
+A	O
+multimodal	O
+data	B-KEY
+collection	I-KEY
+tool	O
+using	O
+REALbasic	O
+and	O
+Mac	O
+OS	O
+X	O
+This	O
+project	O
+uses	O
+REALbasic	B-KEY
+3.5	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Mac	B-KEY
+OS	I-KEY
+X	I-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+for	O
+development	O
+of	O
+a	O
+configuration	B-KEY
+tool	I-KEY
+that	O
+builds	O
+a	O
+data	B-KEY
+collection	I-KEY
+procedure	O
+for	O
+investigating	O
+the	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+sonified	B-KEY
+graphs	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+advantage	O
+of	O
+using	O
+REALbasic	B-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+Mac	O
+OS	O
+X	O
+system	O
+is	O
+that	O
+it	O
+provides	O
+rapid	O
+development	O
+of	O
+stimulus	B-KEY
+presentation	I-KEY
+,	O
+direct	O
+recording	O
+of	O
+data	O
+to	O
+files	O
+,	O
+and	O
+control	O
+over	O
+other	O
+procedural	O
+issues	O
+.	O
+The	O
+program	O
+can	O
+be	O
+made	O
+to	O
+run	O
+natively	O
+on	O
+the	O
+new	O
+Mac	O
+OS	O
+X	O
+system	O
+,	O
+older	O
+Mac	O
+OS	O
+systems	O
+,	O
+and	O
+Windows	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+98SE	O
+,	O
+ME	O
+,	O
+2000	O
+PRO	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+With	O
+modification	O
+,	O
+similar	O
+programs	O
+could	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+present	O
+any	O
+number	O
+of	O
+visual/auditory	O
+stimulus	O
+combinations	O
+,	O
+complete	O
+with	O
+questions	O
+for	O
+each	O
+stimulus	O
+
+The	O
+role	O
+of	O
+speech	B-KEY
+input	I-KEY
+in	O
+wearable	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+Speech	B-KEY
+recognition	I-KEY
+seems	O
+like	O
+an	O
+attractive	O
+input	O
+mechanism	O
+for	O
+wearable	B-KEY
+computers	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+as	O
+we	O
+saw	O
+in	O
+this	O
+magazine	O
+'s	O
+first	O
+issue	O
+,	O
+several	O
+companies	O
+are	O
+promoting	O
+products	O
+that	O
+use	O
+limited	O
+speech	B-KEY
+interfaces	I-KEY
+for	O
+specific	O
+tasks	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+we	O
+must	O
+overcome	O
+several	O
+challenges	O
+to	O
+using	O
+speech	B-KEY
+recognition	I-KEY
+in	O
+more	O
+general	O
+contexts	O
+,	O
+and	O
+interface	O
+designers	O
+must	O
+be	O
+wary	O
+of	O
+applying	O
+the	O
+technology	O
+to	O
+situations	O
+where	O
+speech	O
+is	O
+inappropriate	O
+
+Median	B-KEY
+partitioning	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+novel	O
+method	O
+for	O
+the	O
+selection	O
+of	O
+representative	O
+subsets	O
+from	O
+large	B-KEY
+compound	I-KEY
+pools	I-KEY
+A	O
+method	O
+termed	O
+median	B-KEY
+partitioning	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+MP	O
+-RRB-	O
+has	O
+been	O
+developed	O
+to	O
+select	O
+diverse	O
+sets	O
+of	O
+molecules	B-KEY
+from	O
+large	B-KEY
+compound	I-KEY
+pools	I-KEY
+.	O
+Unlike	O
+many	O
+other	O
+methods	O
+for	O
+subset	O
+selection	O
+,	O
+the	O
+MP	O
+approach	O
+does	O
+not	O
+depend	O
+on	O
+pairwise	O
+comparison	O
+of	O
+molecules	B-KEY
+and	O
+can	O
+therefore	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+very	O
+large	O
+compound	O
+collections	O
+.	O
+The	O
+only	O
+time	B-KEY
+limiting	I-KEY
+step	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+calculation	O
+of	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+descriptors	I-KEY
+for	O
+database	B-KEY
+compounds	I-KEY
+.	O
+MP	O
+employs	O
+arrays	O
+of	O
+property	O
+descriptors	O
+with	O
+little	O
+correlation	O
+to	O
+divide	O
+large	B-KEY
+compound	I-KEY
+pools	I-KEY
+into	O
+partitions	O
+from	O
+which	O
+representative	O
+molecules	B-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+selected	O
+.	O
+In	O
+each	O
+of	O
+n	O
+subsequent	O
+steps	O
+,	O
+a	O
+population	O
+of	O
+molecules	B-KEY
+is	O
+divided	O
+into	O
+subpopulations	O
+above	O
+and	O
+below	O
+the	O
+median	O
+value	O
+of	O
+a	O
+property	O
+descriptor	O
+until	O
+a	O
+desired	O
+number	O
+of	O
+2/sup	O
+n	O
+/	O
+partitions	O
+are	O
+obtained	O
+.	O
+For	O
+descriptor	O
+evaluation	O
+and	O
+selection	O
+,	O
+an	O
+entropy	B-KEY
+formulation	I-KEY
+was	O
+embedded	O
+in	O
+a	O
+genetic	B-KEY
+algorithm	I-KEY
+.	O
+MP	O
+has	O
+been	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+a	O
+subset	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Available	B-KEY
+Chemicals	I-KEY
+Directory	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+results	O
+have	O
+been	O
+compared	O
+with	O
+cell-based	B-KEY
+partitioning	I-KEY
+
+Labscape	B-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+smart	B-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+cell	B-KEY
+biology	I-KEY
+laboratory	O
+Labscape	B-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+smart	B-KEY
+environment	I-KEY
+that	O
+we	O
+designed	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+experience	O
+of	O
+people	O
+who	O
+work	O
+in	O
+a	O
+cell	B-KEY
+biology	I-KEY
+laboratory	O
+.	O
+Our	O
+goal	O
+in	O
+creating	O
+it	O
+was	O
+to	O
+simplify	O
+,	O
+laboratory	B-KEY
+work	I-KEY
+by	O
+making	O
+information	O
+available	O
+where	O
+it	O
+is	O
+needed	O
+and	O
+by	O
+collecting	O
+and	O
+organizing	O
+data	O
+where	O
+and	O
+when	O
+it	O
+is	O
+created	O
+into	O
+a	O
+formal	O
+representation	O
+that	O
+others	O
+can	O
+understand	O
+and	O
+process	O
+.	O
+By	O
+helping	O
+biologists	O
+produce	O
+a	O
+more	O
+complete	O
+record	O
+of	O
+their	O
+work	O
+with	O
+less	O
+effort	O
+,	O
+Labscape	B-KEY
+is	O
+designed	O
+to	O
+foster	O
+improved	O
+collaboration	O
+in	O
+conjunction	O
+with	O
+increased	O
+individual	O
+efficiency	O
+and	O
+satisfaction	O
+.	O
+A	O
+user-driven	O
+system	O
+,	O
+although	O
+technologically	O
+conservative	O
+,	O
+embraces	O
+a	O
+central	O
+goal	O
+of	O
+ubiquitous	B-KEY
+computing	I-KEY
+:	O
+to	O
+enhance	O
+the	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+perform	O
+domain	O
+tasks	O
+through	O
+fluid	O
+interaction	O
+with	O
+computational	O
+resources	O
+.	O
+Smart	B-KEY
+environments	I-KEY
+could	O
+soon	O
+replace	O
+the	O
+pen	O
+and	O
+paper	O
+commonly	O
+used	O
+in	O
+the	O
+laboratory	O
+setting	O
+
+Electrical	B-KEY
+facility	I-KEY
+construction	I-KEY
+work	I-KEY
+for	O
+information	B-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+structuring	I-KEY
+by	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+sewage	B-KEY
+conduits	I-KEY
+To	O
+confront	O
+the	O
+advent	O
+of	O
+the	O
+advanced	O
+information	O
+society	O
+,	O
+there	O
+has	O
+been	O
+a	O
+pressing	O
+demand	O
+for	O
+the	O
+adjustment	O
+of	O
+the	O
+communications	B-KEY
+infrastructure	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+structuring	O
+of	O
+the	O
+information	O
+network	O
+by	O
+utilizing	O
+the	O
+sewage	B-KEY
+conduits	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+City	O
+of	O
+Tokyo	B-KEY
+is	O
+promoting	O
+a	O
+project	O
+by	O
+the	O
+name	O
+of	O
+the	O
+sewer	O
+optical	O
+fiber	O
+teleway	O
+-LRB-	O
+SOFT	O
+-RRB-	O
+network	O
+plan	O
+.	O
+According	O
+to	O
+this	O
+plan	O
+,	O
+the	O
+total	O
+distance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+optical	O
+fiber	O
+network	O
+laid	O
+in	O
+the	O
+sewer	O
+conduits	O
+is	O
+scheduled	O
+to	O
+reach	O
+about	O
+470	O
+km	O
+by	O
+the	O
+end	O
+of	O
+March	O
+2000	O
+.	O
+At	O
+the	O
+final	O
+stage	O
+,	O
+this	O
+distance	O
+will	O
+reach	O
+800	O
+km	O
+as	O
+a	O
+whole	O
+.	O
+We	O
+completed	O
+the	O
+construction	O
+work	O
+for	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+facilities	I-KEY
+scattered	O
+in	O
+11	O
+places	O
+inclusive	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Treatment	B-KEY
+Site	I-KEY
+S	I-KEY
+,	O
+with	O
+the	O
+intention	O
+to	O
+adjust	O
+and	O
+extend	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+transmission	I-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+laid	O
+through	O
+the	O
+above-mentioned	O
+optical	O
+fiber	O
+network	O
+,	O
+to	O
+be	O
+used	O
+exclusively	O
+by	O
+the	O
+Bureau	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Sewerage	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+construction	O
+work	O
+is	O
+described	O
+in	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+
+The	O
+eyes	O
+have	O
+it	O
+-LSB-	O
+hotel	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+-RSB-	O
+CCTV	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+can	O
+help	O
+lodging	O
+establishments	O
+accomplish	O
+a	O
+range	O
+of	O
+objectives	O
+,	O
+from	O
+deterring	O
+criminals	O
+to	O
+observing	O
+staff	O
+interactions	O
+with	O
+clientele	O
+.	O
+But	O
+pitfalls	O
+can	O
+arise	O
+if	O
+the	O
+CCTV	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+has	O
+not	O
+been	O
+properly	O
+integrated	O
+into	O
+the	O
+overall	O
+hotel	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+plan	O
+.	O
+CCTV	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+designs	O
+at	O
+new	O
+hotel	O
+properties	O
+are	O
+often	O
+too	O
+sophisticated	O
+,	O
+too	O
+complicated	O
+,	O
+and	O
+too	O
+costly	O
+,	O
+and	O
+do	O
+not	O
+take	O
+into	O
+consideration	O
+the	O
+security	O
+realities	O
+of	O
+site	B-KEY
+management	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+problems	O
+arise	O
+when	O
+the	O
+professionals	O
+designing	O
+or	O
+installing	O
+the	O
+system	O
+,	O
+including	O
+architects	O
+,	O
+construction	O
+engineers	O
+,	O
+integrators	O
+,	O
+and	O
+consultants	O
+,	O
+are	O
+not	O
+familiar	O
+with	O
+a	O
+hotel	O
+'s	O
+operating	B-KEY
+strategies	I-KEY
+or	O
+security	O
+standards	O
+
+A	O
+universal	O
+decomposition	O
+of	O
+the	O
+integration	O
+range	O
+for	O
+exponential	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+The	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+determining	O
+the	O
+independent	O
+constants	O
+for	O
+decomposition	O
+of	O
+the	O
+integration	O
+range	O
+of	O
+exponential	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+was	O
+solved	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+a	O
+similar	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+polynomials	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+constants	O
+obtained	O
+enable	O
+one	O
+to	O
+decompose	O
+the	O
+integration	O
+range	O
+in	O
+two	O
+so	O
+that	O
+the	O
+integrals	O
+over	O
+them	O
+are	O
+equal	O
+independently	O
+of	O
+the	O
+function	O
+parameters	O
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+nontrigonometrical	B-KEY
+polynomials	I-KEY
+of	O
+even	O
+functions	O
+,	O
+an	O
+alternative	O
+approach	O
+was	O
+presented	O
+
+Innovative	O
+manufacture	B-KEY
+of	O
+impulse	B-KEY
+turbine	I-KEY
+blades	I-KEY
+for	O
+wave	B-KEY
+energy	I-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+conversion	I-KEY
+An	O
+innovative	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+the	O
+manufacture	B-KEY
+of	O
+impulse	B-KEY
+turbine	I-KEY
+blades	I-KEY
+using	O
+rapid	B-KEY
+prototyping	I-KEY
+,	O
+fused	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+modelling	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+FDM	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+These	O
+blades	O
+were	O
+designed	O
+and	O
+manufactured	B-KEY
+by	O
+the	O
+Wave	O
+Energy	O
+Research	O
+Team	O
+-LRB-	O
+WERT	O
+-RRB-	O
+at	O
+the	O
+University	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+Limerick	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+experimental	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+a	O
+0.6	O
+m	O
+impulse	O
+turbine	O
+with	O
+fixed	O
+guide	O
+vanes	O
+for	O
+wave	B-KEY
+energy	I-KEY
+power	I-KEY
+conversion	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+computer	O
+aided	O
+design/manufacture	O
+-LRB-	O
+CAD/CAM	O
+-RRB-	O
+package	O
+Pro-Engineer	O
+2000i	O
+was	O
+used	O
+for	O
+three-dimensional	O
+solid	O
+modelling	O
+of	O
+the	O
+individual	O
+blades	O
+.	O
+A	O
+detailed	O
+finite	B-KEY
+element	I-KEY
+analysis	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+blades	O
+under	O
+centrifugal	O
+loads	O
+was	O
+performed	O
+using	O
+Pro-Mechanica	O
+.	O
+based	O
+on	O
+this	O
+analysis	O
+and	O
+FDM	O
+machine	O
+capabilities	O
+,	O
+blades	O
+were	O
+redesigned	O
+.	O
+Finally	O
+,	O
+Pro-E	O
+data	O
+were	O
+transferred	O
+to	O
+an	O
+FDM	O
+machine	O
+for	O
+the	O
+manufacture	B-KEY
+of	O
+turbine	O
+blades	O
+.	O
+The	O
+objective	O
+of	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+to	O
+present	O
+the	O
+innovative	O
+method	O
+used	O
+to	O
+design	O
+,	O
+modify	O
+and	O
+manufacture	B-KEY
+blades	O
+in	O
+a	O
+time	O
+and	O
+cost	O
+effective	O
+manner	O
+using	O
+a	O
+concurrent	B-KEY
+engineering	I-KEY
+approach	O
+
+Numerical	B-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+of	O
+binary	B-KEY
+relations	I-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+multiplicative	O
+error	B-KEY
+function	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+studies	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+the	O
+representation	O
+of	O
+a	O
+binary	B-KEY
+relation	I-KEY
+via	O
+a	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+with	O
+threshold	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+error	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+depending	O
+on	O
+both	O
+compared	O
+alternatives	O
+.	O
+The	O
+error	B-KEY
+is	O
+considered	O
+to	O
+be	O
+multiplicative	O
+,	O
+its	O
+value	O
+being	O
+either	O
+directly	O
+or	O
+inversely	O
+proportional	O
+to	O
+the	O
+values	O
+of	O
+the	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+first	O
+case	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+proved	O
+that	O
+a	O
+binary	B-KEY
+relation	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+semiorder	B-KEY
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+any	O
+semiorder	B-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+represented	O
+in	O
+this	O
+form	O
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+second	O
+case	O
+,	O
+the	O
+corresponding	O
+binary	B-KEY
+relation	I-KEY
+is	O
+an	O
+interval	B-KEY
+order	I-KEY
+
+Computational	O
+capacity	O
+of	O
+an	O
+odorant	B-KEY
+discriminator	I-KEY
+:	O
+the	O
+linear	B-KEY
+separability	I-KEY
+of	O
+curves	O
+We	O
+introduce	O
+and	O
+study	O
+an	O
+artificial	B-KEY
+neural	I-KEY
+network	I-KEY
+inspired	O
+by	O
+the	O
+probabilistic	O
+receptor	B-KEY
+affinity	I-KEY
+distribution	I-KEY
+model	O
+of	O
+olfaction	B-KEY
+.	O
+Our	O
+system	O
+consists	O
+of	O
+N	O
+sensory	B-KEY
+neurons	I-KEY
+whose	O
+outputs	O
+converge	O
+on	O
+a	O
+single	O
+processing	O
+linear	B-KEY
+threshold	I-KEY
+element	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+'s	O
+aim	O
+is	O
+to	O
+model	O
+discrimination	O
+of	O
+a	O
+single	O
+target	O
+odorant	O
+from	O
+a	O
+large	O
+number	O
+p	O
+of	O
+background	O
+odorants	O
+within	O
+a	O
+range	O
+of	O
+odorant	O
+concentrations	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+that	O
+this	O
+is	O
+possible	O
+provided	O
+p	O
+does	O
+not	O
+exceed	O
+a	O
+critical	O
+value	O
+p/sub	O
+c	O
+/	O
+and	O
+calculate	O
+the	O
+critical	O
+capacity	O
+alpha	O
+c	O
+=p	O
+/	O
+sub	O
+c	O
+/	O
+/	O
+N	O
+.	O
+The	O
+critical	O
+capacity	O
+depends	O
+on	O
+the	O
+range	O
+of	O
+concentrations	O
+in	O
+which	O
+the	O
+discrimination	O
+is	O
+to	O
+be	O
+accomplished	O
+.	O
+If	O
+the	O
+olfactory	O
+bulb	O
+may	O
+be	O
+thought	O
+of	O
+as	O
+a	O
+collection	O
+of	O
+such	O
+processing	O
+elements	O
+,	O
+each	O
+responsible	O
+for	O
+the	O
+discrimination	O
+of	O
+a	O
+single	O
+odorant	O
+,	O
+our	O
+study	O
+provides	O
+a	O
+quantitative	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+computational	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+the	O
+olfactory	O
+bulb	O
+.	O
+The	O
+mathematical	O
+formulation	O
+of	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+we	O
+consider	O
+is	O
+one	O
+of	O
+determining	O
+the	O
+capacity	O
+for	O
+linear	B-KEY
+separability	I-KEY
+of	O
+continuous	O
+curves	O
+,	O
+embedded	O
+in	O
+a	O
+large-dimensional	O
+space	O
+.	O
+This	O
+is	O
+accomplished	O
+here	O
+by	O
+a	O
+numerical	O
+study	O
+,	O
+using	O
+a	O
+method	O
+that	O
+signals	O
+whether	O
+the	O
+discrimination	O
+task	O
+is	O
+realizable	O
+,	O
+together	O
+with	O
+a	O
+finite-size	O
+scaling	O
+analysis	O
+
+Virtual	B-KEY
+engineering	I-KEY
+office	I-KEY
+:	O
+a	O
+state-of-the-art	B-KEY
+platform	O
+for	O
+engineering	O
+collaboration	O
+A	O
+sales	O
+force	O
+in	O
+Latin	O
+America	O
+,	O
+the	O
+design	O
+department	O
+in	O
+Europe	O
+,	O
+and	O
+production	O
+in	O
+Asia	O
+?	O
+Arrangements	O
+of	O
+this	O
+kind	O
+are	O
+the	O
+new	O
+business	B-KEY
+reality	O
+for	O
+today	O
+'s	O
+global	B-KEY
+manufacturing	I-KEY
+companies	I-KEY
+.	O
+But	O
+how	O
+are	O
+such	O
+global	O
+operations	O
+to	O
+be	O
+effectively	O
+coordinated	O
+?	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+'s	O
+answer	O
+was	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+and	O
+implement	O
+a	O
+new	O
+platform	O
+for	O
+high-performance	O
+,	O
+real-time	O
+collaboration	O
+.	O
+Globally	B-KEY
+distributed	I-KEY
+engineering	I-KEY
+teams	I-KEY
+can	O
+now	O
+work	O
+together	O
+,	O
+regardless	O
+of	O
+time	O
+,	O
+location	O
+or	O
+the	O
+CAD	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+they	O
+use	O
+,	O
+making	O
+ABB	B-KEY
+easier	O
+to	O
+do	O
+business	B-KEY
+with	O
+,	O
+for	O
+customers	O
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+suppliers	O
+
+Autofocus	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+for	O
+microscope	O
+A	O
+technique	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+for	O
+microscope	B-KEY
+autofocusing	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+called	O
+the	O
+eccentric	B-KEY
+light	I-KEY
+beam	I-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+with	O
+high	O
+resolution	O
+,	O
+wide	O
+focusing	O
+range	O
+,	O
+and	O
+compact	O
+construction	O
+.	O
+The	O
+principle	O
+is	O
+described	O
+.	O
+The	O
+theoretical	O
+formula	O
+of	O
+the	O
+eccentric	B-KEY
+light	I-KEY
+beam	I-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+deduced	O
+can	O
+be	O
+applied	O
+not	O
+only	O
+to	O
+an	O
+object	B-KEY
+lens	I-KEY
+whose	O
+objective	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+is	O
+just	O
+at	O
+the	O
+focal	O
+plane	O
+,	O
+but	O
+also	O
+to	O
+an	O
+object	B-KEY
+lens	I-KEY
+whose	O
+objective	B-KEY
+plane	I-KEY
+is	O
+not	O
+at	O
+the	O
+focal	O
+plane	O
+.	O
+The	O
+experimental	O
+setup	O
+uses	O
+a	O
+semiconductor	B-KEY
+laser	I-KEY
+device	O
+as	O
+the	O
+light	O
+source	O
+.	O
+The	O
+laser	O
+beam	O
+that	O
+enters	O
+into	O
+the	O
+microscope	O
+is	O
+eccentric	O
+with	O
+the	O
+main	B-KEY
+light	I-KEY
+axis	I-KEY
+.	O
+A	O
+defocused	B-KEY
+signal	I-KEY
+is	O
+acquired	O
+by	O
+a	O
+symmetrical	B-KEY
+silicon	I-KEY
+photocell	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+change	O
+of	O
+the	O
+reflected	B-KEY
+light	I-KEY
+position	I-KEY
+caused	O
+by	O
+differential	B-KEY
+amplification	I-KEY
+and	O
+processed	O
+by	O
+a	O
+microprocessor	B-KEY
+.	O
+Then	O
+the	O
+electric	O
+signal	O
+is	O
+power-amplified	O
+and	O
+drives	O
+a	O
+dc	B-KEY
+motor	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+moves	O
+a	O
+fine	B-KEY
+working	I-KEY
+platform	I-KEY
+to	O
+an	O
+automatic	O
+focus	O
+of	O
+the	O
+microscope	O
+.	O
+The	O
+result	O
+of	O
+the	O
+experiments	O
+shows	O
+a	O
++	O
+or-0	O
+.1	O
+-	O
+mu	O
+m	O
+precision	O
+of	O
+autofocusing	O
+for	O
+a	O
+range	O
+of	O
++	O
+or-500	O
+-	O
+mu	O
+m	O
+defocusing	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+has	O
+high	B-KEY
+reliability	I-KEY
+and	O
+can	O
+meet	O
+the	O
+requirements	O
+of	O
+various	O
+accurate	O
+micro	B-KEY
+measurement	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+
+Social	B-KEY
+percolation	I-KEY
+and	O
+the	O
+influence	O
+of	O
+mass	O
+media	O
+In	O
+the	O
+marketing	O
+model	O
+of	O
+Solomon	O
+and	O
+Weisbuch	O
+,	O
+people	O
+buy	O
+a	O
+product	O
+only	O
+if	O
+their	O
+neighbours	O
+tell	O
+them	O
+of	O
+its	O
+quality	O
+,	O
+and	O
+if	O
+this	O
+quality	O
+is	O
+higher	O
+than	O
+their	O
+own	O
+quality	B-KEY
+expectations	I-KEY
+.	O
+Now	O
+we	O
+introduce	O
+additional	O
+information	O
+from	O
+the	O
+mass	O
+media	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+analogous	O
+to	O
+the	O
+ghost	B-KEY
+field	I-KEY
+in	O
+percolation	O
+theory	O
+.	O
+The	O
+mass	O
+media	O
+shift	O
+the	O
+percolative	B-KEY
+phase	I-KEY
+transition	I-KEY
+observed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+model	O
+,	O
+and	O
+decrease	O
+the	O
+time	O
+after	O
+which	O
+the	O
+stationary	B-KEY
+state	I-KEY
+is	O
+reached	O
+
+Collective	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+age	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+:	O
+mass	B-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+and	O
+online	B-KEY
+mobilization	I-KEY
+This	O
+article	O
+examines	O
+how	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+transforms	O
+collective	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+.	O
+Current	O
+practices	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+bear	O
+witness	O
+to	O
+thriving	O
+collective	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+ranging	O
+from	O
+persuasive	O
+to	O
+confrontational	O
+,	O
+individual	O
+to	O
+collective	O
+,	O
+undertakings	O
+.	O
+Even	O
+more	O
+influential	O
+than	O
+direct	O
+calls	O
+for	O
+action	O
+is	O
+the	O
+indirect	O
+mobilizing	O
+influence	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+'s	O
+powers	O
+of	O
+mass	B-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+boosted	O
+by	O
+an	O
+antiauthoritarian	B-KEY
+ideology	I-KEY
+on	O
+the	O
+Web	O
+.	O
+Theoretically	O
+,	O
+collective	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+through	O
+the	O
+otherwise	O
+socially	O
+isolating	O
+computer	O
+is	O
+possible	O
+because	O
+people	O
+rely	O
+on	O
+internalized	O
+group	B-KEY
+memberships	I-KEY
+and	O
+social	B-KEY
+identities	I-KEY
+to	O
+achieve	O
+social	O
+involvement	O
+.	O
+Empirical	O
+evidence	O
+from	O
+an	O
+online	B-KEY
+survey	I-KEY
+among	O
+environmental	O
+activists	O
+and	O
+nonactivists	O
+confirms	O
+that	O
+online	O
+action	O
+is	O
+considered	O
+an	O
+equivalent	O
+alternative	O
+to	O
+offline	O
+action	O
+by	O
+activists	O
+and	O
+nonactivists	O
+alike	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+may	O
+slightly	O
+alter	O
+the	O
+motives	O
+underlying	O
+collective	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+and	O
+thereby	O
+alter	O
+the	O
+nature	O
+of	O
+collective	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+and	O
+social	O
+movements	O
+.	O
+Perhaps	O
+more	O
+fundamental	O
+is	O
+the	O
+reverse	O
+influence	O
+that	O
+successful	O
+collective	B-KEY
+action	I-KEY
+will	O
+have	O
+on	O
+the	O
+nature	O
+and	O
+function	O
+of	O
+the	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+
+Inverse	B-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+for	O
+a	O
+mathematical	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+ion	B-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+compressible	B-KEY
+ion	I-KEY
+exchanger	I-KEY
+A	O
+mathematical	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+of	O
+ion	B-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+is	O
+considered	O
+,	O
+allowing	O
+for	O
+ion	B-KEY
+exchanger	I-KEY
+compression	O
+in	O
+the	O
+process	O
+of	O
+ion	O
+exchange	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+inverse	B-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+are	O
+investigated	O
+for	O
+this	O
+model	O
+,	O
+unique	B-KEY
+solvability	I-KEY
+is	O
+proved	O
+,	O
+and	O
+numerical	B-KEY
+solution	I-KEY
+methods	I-KEY
+are	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+efficiency	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+methods	O
+is	O
+demonstrated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+numerical	O
+experiment	O
+
+Information	B-KEY
+interaction	I-KEY
+:	O
+providing	O
+a	O
+framework	O
+for	O
+information	O
+architecture	O
+Information	B-KEY
+interaction	I-KEY
+is	O
+the	O
+process	O
+that	O
+people	O
+use	O
+in	O
+interacting	O
+with	O
+the	O
+content	O
+of	O
+an	O
+information	O
+system	O
+.	O
+Information	O
+architecture	O
+is	O
+a	O
+blueprint	O
+and	O
+navigational	B-KEY
+aid	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+content	O
+of	O
+information-rich	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+such	O
+information	O
+architecture	O
+performs	O
+an	O
+important	O
+supporting	O
+role	O
+in	O
+information	B-KEY
+interactivity	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+elaborates	O
+on	O
+a	O
+model	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+interactivity	I-KEY
+that	O
+crosses	O
+the	O
+``	O
+no-man	O
+'s	O
+land	O
+''	O
+between	O
+user	O
+and	O
+computer	O
+articulating	O
+a	O
+model	O
+that	O
+includes	O
+user	O
+,	O
+content	O
+and	O
+system	O
+,	O
+illustrating	O
+the	O
+context	O
+for	O
+information	O
+architecture	O
+
+The	O
+development	O
+of	O
+a	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+manipulator	I-KEY
+imaging	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+for	O
+bridge	B-KEY
+crack	I-KEY
+inspection	I-KEY
+A	O
+mobile	B-KEY
+manipulator	I-KEY
+imaging	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+is	O
+developed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+automation	B-KEY
+of	O
+bridge	B-KEY
+crack	I-KEY
+inspection	I-KEY
+.	O
+During	O
+bridge	O
+safety	O
+inspections	O
+,	O
+an	O
+eyesight	B-KEY
+inspection	I-KEY
+is	O
+made	O
+for	O
+preliminary	O
+evaluation	O
+and	O
+screening	O
+before	O
+a	O
+more	O
+precise	O
+inspection	O
+.	O
+The	O
+inspection	O
+for	O
+cracks	O
+is	O
+an	O
+important	O
+part	O
+of	O
+the	O
+preliminary	O
+evaluation	O
+.	O
+Currently	O
+,	O
+the	O
+inspectors	O
+must	O
+stand	O
+on	O
+the	O
+platform	O
+of	O
+a	O
+bridge	O
+inspection	O
+vehicle	O
+or	O
+a	O
+temporarily	O
+erected	O
+scaffolding	O
+to	O
+examine	O
+the	O
+underside	O
+of	O
+a	O
+bridge	O
+.	O
+However	O
+,	O
+such	O
+a	O
+procedure	O
+is	O
+risky	O
+.	O
+To	O
+help	O
+automate	B-KEY
+the	O
+bridge	B-KEY
+crack	I-KEY
+inspection	I-KEY
+process	O
+,	O
+we	O
+installed	O
+two	O
+CCD	B-KEY
+cameras	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+four-axis	B-KEY
+manipulator	I-KEY
+system	O
+on	O
+a	O
+mobile	O
+vehicle	O
+.	O
+The	O
+parallel	B-KEY
+cameras	I-KEY
+are	O
+used	O
+to	O
+detect	O
+cracks	O
+.	O
+The	O
+manipulator	O
+system	O
+is	O
+equipped	O
+with	O
+binocular	O
+charge	B-KEY
+coupled	I-KEY
+devices	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CCD	O
+-RRB-	O
+for	O
+examining	O
+structures	O
+that	O
+may	O
+not	O
+be	O
+accessible	O
+to	O
+the	O
+eye	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+also	O
+reduces	O
+the	O
+danger	O
+of	O
+accidents	O
+to	O
+the	O
+human	O
+inspectors	O
+.	O
+The	O
+manipulator	O
+system	O
+consists	O
+of	O
+four	O
+arms	O
+.	O
+Balance	O
+weights	O
+are	O
+placed	O
+at	O
+the	O
+ends	O
+of	O
+arms	O
+2	O
+and	O
+4	O
+,	O
+respectively	O
+,	O
+to	O
+maintain	O
+the	O
+center	O
+of	O
+gravity	O
+during	O
+operation	O
+.	O
+Mechanically	O
+,	O
+arms	O
+2	O
+and	O
+4	O
+can	O
+revolve	O
+smoothly	O
+.	O
+Experiments	O
+indicated	O
+that	O
+the	O
+system	O
+could	O
+be	O
+useful	O
+for	O
+bridge	B-KEY
+crack	I-KEY
+inspections	I-KEY
+
+Ideal	B-KEY
+sliding	I-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+convex	B-KEY
+optimization	I-KEY
+The	O
+characteristics	O
+of	O
+the	O
+sliding	O
+mode	O
+that	O
+appears	O
+with	O
+using	O
+continuous	B-KEY
+convex-programming	I-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+exact	B-KEY
+penalty	I-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+were	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+For	O
+the	O
+case	O
+under	O
+study	O
+,	O
+the	O
+ideal	B-KEY
+sliding	I-KEY
+mode	I-KEY
+was	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+occur	O
+in	O
+the	O
+absence	O
+of	O
+infinite	O
+number	O
+of	O
+switchings	O
+
+Gifts	O
+to	O
+a	O
+science	B-KEY
+academic	I-KEY
+librarian	I-KEY
+Gifts	O
+,	O
+by	O
+their	O
+altruistic	O
+nature	O
+,	O
+perfectly	O
+fit	O
+into	O
+the	O
+environment	O
+of	O
+universities	O
+and	O
+academic	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+university	O
+'s	O
+community	O
+and	O
+general	O
+public	O
+continue	O
+to	O
+donate	B-KEY
+materials	O
+,	O
+libraries	O
+accept	O
+donations	B-KEY
+willingly	O
+,	O
+both	O
+in-kind	O
+and	O
+monetary	O
+.	O
+Eight	O
+steps	O
+of	O
+gift	B-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
+are	O
+listed	O
+in	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+.	O
+Positive	O
+and	O
+negative	O
+aspects	O
+of	O
+gift	O
+acceptance	O
+are	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+Gifts	O
+bring	O
+value	O
+for	O
+academic	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+.	O
+Gifts	O
+can	O
+be	O
+considered	O
+additional	O
+routes	O
+to	O
+contribute	O
+to	O
+library	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+without	O
+direct	O
+purchases	O
+,	O
+options	O
+to	O
+add	O
+money	O
+to	O
+the	O
+library	O
+budget	B-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+cement	O
+of	O
+social	O
+relationships	O
+.	O
+But	O
+,	O
+unfortunately	O
+,	O
+large	O
+donations	B-KEY
+are	O
+time-consuming	O
+,	O
+labor-intensive	O
+and	O
+costly	O
+to	O
+process	O
+.	O
+Great	O
+amounts	O
+of	O
+staff	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+and	O
+processing	O
+space	O
+are	O
+two	O
+main	O
+negative	O
+aspects	O
+that	O
+cause	O
+concern	O
+and	O
+put	O
+the	O
+value	O
+of	O
+gift	O
+acceptance	O
+under	O
+consideration	O
+by	O
+librarians	O
+.	O
+Some	O
+strategies	O
+in	O
+handling	O
+gifts	O
+are	O
+recommended	O
+.	O
+To	O
+be	O
+effective	O
+,	O
+academic	O
+science	O
+librarians	O
+need	O
+to	O
+approach	O
+gifts	O
+as	O
+an	O
+investment	O
+.	O
+Librarians	O
+are	O
+not	O
+to	O
+be	O
+forced	O
+by	O
+moral	O
+and	O
+public	O
+notions	O
+and	O
+should	O
+be	O
+able	O
+to	O
+make	O
+professional	B-KEY
+decisions	I-KEY
+in	O
+evaluating	O
+proposed	O
+collections	O
+
+Supervisory	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+design	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+and	O
+fuzzy	O
+events	O
+detection	O
+.	O
+Application	O
+to	O
+an	O
+oxichlorination	B-KEY
+reactor	I-KEY
+This	O
+paper	O
+presents	O
+a	O
+supervisory	O
+control	O
+scheme	O
+based	O
+on	O
+hybrid	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+theory	O
+and	O
+fuzzy	O
+events	O
+detection	O
+.	O
+The	O
+fuzzy	O
+event	O
+detector	O
+is	O
+a	O
+linguistic	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+synthesizes	O
+complex	B-KEY
+relations	I-KEY
+between	O
+process	B-KEY
+variables	I-KEY
+and	O
+process	B-KEY
+events	I-KEY
+incorporating	O
+experts	O
+'	O
+knowledge	O
+about	O
+the	O
+process	B-KEY
+operation	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+kind	O
+of	O
+detection	O
+allows	O
+the	O
+anticipation	O
+of	O
+appropriate	O
+control	B-KEY
+actions	I-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+depend	O
+upon	O
+the	O
+selected	O
+membership	B-KEY
+functions	I-KEY
+used	O
+to	O
+characterize	O
+the	O
+process	O
+under	O
+scrutiny	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+supervisory	O
+control	O
+scheme	O
+was	O
+successfully	O
+implemented	O
+for	O
+an	O
+oxichlorination	B-KEY
+reactor	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+vinyl	B-KEY
+monomer	I-KEY
+plant	I-KEY
+
+The	O
+perils	O
+of	O
+privacy	O
+The	O
+recent	O
+string	O
+of	O
+failures	O
+among	O
+dotcom	O
+companies	O
+has	O
+heightened	O
+fears	O
+of	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+abuse	I-KEY
+.	O
+What	O
+should	O
+happen	O
+to	O
+the	O
+names	O
+and	O
+addresses	O
+on	O
+a	O
+customer	B-KEY
+list	I-KEY
+if	O
+these	O
+details	O
+were	O
+obtained	O
+under	O
+a	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+which	O
+specified	O
+no	O
+disclosure	B-KEY
+to	O
+any	O
+third	O
+party	O
+?	O
+Should	O
+the	O
+personal	O
+data	O
+in	O
+the	O
+list	O
+be	O
+deemed	O
+to	O
+be	O
+an	O
+asset	O
+of	O
+a	O
+failing	O
+company	O
+which	O
+can	O
+be	O
+transferred	O
+to	O
+any	O
+future	O
+-LRB-	O
+third	O
+party	O
+-RRB-	O
+purchaser	O
+for	O
+its	O
+purposes	O
+?	O
+Or	O
+should	O
+the	O
+privacy	B-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+take	O
+precedence	O
+over	O
+the	O
+commercial	O
+concerns	O
+of	O
+the	O
+purchaser	O
+?	O
+
+A	O
+simple	O
+graphic	B-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+for	O
+observer	B-KEY
+decomposition	I-KEY
+Based	O
+upon	O
+the	O
+proposition	O
+that	O
+the	O
+roles	O
+of	O
+inputs	O
+and	O
+outputs	O
+in	O
+a	O
+physical	O
+system	O
+and	O
+those	O
+in	O
+the	O
+corresponding	O
+output-injection	B-KEY
+observer	I-KEY
+do	O
+not	O
+really	O
+have	O
+to	O
+be	O
+consistent	O
+,	O
+a	O
+systematic	O
+procedure	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+in	O
+this	O
+work	O
+to	O
+properly	O
+divide	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+sparse	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+and	O
+measurement	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+into	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+independent	B-KEY
+subsets	I-KEY
+with	O
+the	O
+help	O
+of	O
+a	O
+visual	O
+aid	O
+.	O
+Several	O
+smaller	O
+sub-observers	B-KEY
+can	O
+then	O
+be	O
+constructed	O
+accordingly	O
+to	O
+replace	O
+the	O
+original	O
+one	O
+.	O
+The	O
+size	O
+of	O
+each	O
+sub-observer	B-KEY
+may	O
+be	O
+further	O
+reduced	O
+by	O
+strategically	O
+selecting	O
+one	O
+or	O
+more	O
+appended	O
+states	O
+.	O
+These	O
+techniques	O
+are	O
+shown	O
+to	O
+be	O
+quite	O
+effective	O
+in	O
+relieving	O
+on-line	O
+computation	O
+load	O
+of	O
+the	O
+output-injection	B-KEY
+observers	I-KEY
+and	O
+also	O
+in	O
+identifying	O
+detectable	O
+sub-systems	O
+
+Universal	O
+dynamic	O
+synchronous	O
+self-stabilization	B-KEY
+We	O
+prove	O
+the	O
+existence	O
+of	O
+a	O
+``	O
+universal	O
+''	O
+synchronous	O
+self-stabilizing	B-KEY
+protocol	O
+,	O
+that	O
+is	O
+,	O
+a	O
+protocol	O
+that	O
+allows	O
+a	O
+distributed	O
+system	O
+to	O
+stabilize	O
+to	O
+a	O
+desired	O
+nonreactive	O
+behaviour	O
+-LRB-	O
+as	O
+long	O
+as	O
+a	O
+protocol	O
+stabilizing	O
+to	O
+that	O
+behaviour	O
+exists	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Previous	O
+proposals	O
+required	O
+drastic	O
+increases	O
+in	O
+asymmetry	O
+and	O
+knowledge	O
+to	O
+work	O
+,	O
+whereas	O
+our	O
+protocol	O
+does	O
+not	O
+use	O
+any	O
+additional	O
+knowledge	O
+,	O
+and	O
+does	O
+not	O
+require	O
+more	O
+symmetry-breaking	O
+conditions	O
+than	O
+available	O
+;	O
+thus	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+also	O
+stabilizing	O
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+dynamic	B-KEY
+changes	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+topology	B-KEY
+.	O
+We	O
+prove	O
+an	O
+optimal	B-KEY
+quiescence	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+n	O
++	O
+D	O
+for	O
+a	O
+synchronous	O
+network	O
+of	O
+n	O
+processors	O
+and	O
+diameter	O
+D	O
+;	O
+the	O
+protocol	O
+can	O
+be	O
+made	O
+finite	O
+state	O
+with	O
+a	O
+negligible	O
+loss	O
+in	O
+quiescence	O
+time	O
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+an	O
+optimal	O
+D	O
++	O
+1	O
+protocol	O
+is	O
+given	O
+for	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+unique	B-KEY
+identifiers	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+consequence	O
+,	O
+we	O
+provide	O
+an	O
+effective	O
+proof	B-KEY
+technique	I-KEY
+that	O
+allows	O
+one	O
+to	O
+show	O
+whether	O
+self-stabilization	B-KEY
+to	O
+a	O
+certain	O
+behaviour	O
+is	O
+possible	O
+under	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+range	O
+of	O
+models	O
+
+Conformal-mapping	O
+design	O
+tools	O
+for	O
+coaxial	B-KEY
+couplers	I-KEY
+with	O
+complex	B-KEY
+cross	I-KEY
+section	I-KEY
+Numerical	O
+conformal	O
+mapping	O
+is	O
+exploited	O
+as	O
+a	O
+simple	O
+,	O
+accurate	O
+,	O
+and	O
+efficient	O
+tool	O
+for	O
+the	O
+analysis	O
+and	O
+design	O
+of	O
+coaxial	B-KEY
+waveguides	I-KEY
+and	O
+couplers	O
+of	O
+complex	B-KEY
+cross	I-KEY
+section	I-KEY
+.	O
+An	O
+implementation	O
+based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+Schwarz-Christoffel	B-KEY
+Toolbox	I-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+public-domain	B-KEY
+MATLAB	I-KEY
+package	I-KEY
+,	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+slotted	B-KEY
+coaxial	I-KEY
+cables	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+symmetrical	O
+coaxial	B-KEY
+couplers	I-KEY
+,	O
+with	O
+circular	O
+or	O
+polygonal	B-KEY
+inner	I-KEY
+conductors	I-KEY
+and	O
+external	B-KEY
+shields	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+effect	O
+of	O
+metallic	B-KEY
+diaphragms	I-KEY
+of	O
+arbitrary	O
+thickness	O
+,	O
+partially	O
+separating	O
+the	O
+inner	O
+conductors	O
+,	O
+is	O
+also	O
+easily	O
+taken	O
+into	O
+account	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+technique	O
+is	O
+validated	O
+against	O
+the	O
+results	O
+of	O
+the	O
+finite-element	O
+method	O
+,	O
+showing	O
+excellent	O
+agreement	O
+at	O
+a	O
+fraction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+computational	O
+cost	O
+,	O
+and	O
+is	O
+also	O
+extended	O
+to	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+nonsymmetrical	B-KEY
+couplers	I-KEY
+,	O
+providing	O
+the	O
+designer	O
+with	O
+important	O
+additional	O
+degrees	O
+of	O
+freedom	O
+
+Nonlockability	B-KEY
+in	O
+multirings	B-KEY
+and	O
+hypercubes	B-KEY
+at	O
+serial	O
+transmission	O
+of	O
+data	O
+blocks	O
+For	O
+the	O
+multiring	B-KEY
+and	O
+hypercube	B-KEY
+,	O
+a	O
+method	O
+of	O
+conflictless	O
+realization	O
+of	O
+an	O
+arbitrary	O
+permutation	O
+of	O
+``	O
+large	O
+''	O
+data	O
+items	O
+that	O
+can	O
+be	O
+divided	O
+into	O
+many	O
+``	O
+smaller	O
+''	O
+data	O
+blocks	O
+was	O
+considered	O
+,	O
+and	O
+its	O
+high	O
+efficiency	O
+was	O
+demonstrated	O
+
+Analyzing	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+of	O
+a	O
+firm	O
+:	O
+an	O
+operations	B-KEY
+research	I-KEY
+approach	O
+An	O
+approach	O
+to	O
+analyzing	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+of	O
+a	O
+firm	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+understood	O
+as	O
+the	O
+firm	O
+'s	O
+ability	O
+to	O
+provide	O
+goods	O
+or	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+and	O
+-RRB-	O
+services	O
+to	O
+be	O
+supplied	O
+to	O
+a	O
+marketplace	O
+under	O
+restrictions	O
+imposed	O
+by	O
+a	O
+business	O
+environment	O
+in	O
+which	O
+the	O
+firm	O
+functions	O
+,	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+based	O
+on	O
+using	O
+linear	B-KEY
+inequalities	I-KEY
+and	O
+,	O
+generally	O
+,	O
+mixed	O
+variables	O
+in	O
+modelling	O
+this	O
+ability	O
+for	O
+a	O
+broad	O
+spectrum	O
+of	O
+industrial	O
+,	O
+transportation	O
+,	O
+agricultural	O
+,	O
+and	O
+other	O
+types	O
+of	O
+firms	O
+and	O
+allows	O
+one	O
+to	O
+formulate	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+analyzing	O
+the	O
+potential	O
+of	O
+a	O
+firm	O
+as	O
+linear	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+problems	O
+or	B-KEY
+mixed	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+problems	O
+with	O
+linear	O
+constraints	O
+.	O
+This	O
+approach	O
+generalizes	O
+a	O
+previous	O
+one	O
+which	O
+was	O
+proposed	O
+for	O
+a	O
+more	O
+narrow	O
+class	O
+of	O
+models	O
+,	O
+and	O
+allows	O
+one	O
+to	O
+effectively	O
+employ	O
+a	O
+widely	O
+available	O
+software	O
+for	O
+solving	O
+practical	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+the	O
+considered	O
+kind	O
+,	O
+especially	O
+for	O
+firms	O
+described	O
+by	O
+large	O
+scale	O
+models	O
+of	O
+mathematical	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+
+Stock	O
+market	O
+dynamics	O
+We	O
+elucidate	O
+on	O
+several	O
+empirical	B-KEY
+statistical	I-KEY
+observations	I-KEY
+of	O
+stock	B-KEY
+market	I-KEY
+returns	I-KEY
+.	O
+Moreover	O
+,	O
+we	O
+find	O
+that	O
+these	O
+properties	O
+are	O
+recurrent	O
+and	O
+are	O
+also	O
+present	O
+in	O
+invariant	B-KEY
+measures	I-KEY
+of	O
+low-dimensional	B-KEY
+dynamical	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+.	O
+Thus	O
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+that	O
+the	O
+returns	O
+are	O
+modeled	O
+by	O
+the	O
+first	B-KEY
+Poincare	I-KEY
+return	I-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+low-dimensional	B-KEY
+chaotic	I-KEY
+trajectory	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+modeling	O
+,	O
+which	O
+captures	O
+the	O
+recurrent	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+the	O
+return	O
+fluctuations	O
+,	O
+is	O
+able	O
+to	O
+predict	O
+well	O
+the	O
+evolution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+observed	O
+statistical	B-KEY
+quantities	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+it	O
+explains	O
+the	O
+reason	O
+for	O
+which	O
+stocks	O
+present	O
+simultaneously	O
+dynamical	O
+properties	O
+and	O
+high	O
+uncertainties	O
+.	O
+In	O
+our	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+we	O
+use	O
+data	O
+from	O
+the	O
+S&P	O
+500	O
+index	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Brazilian	B-KEY
+stock	I-KEY
+Telebras	O
+
+High-voltage	O
+transistor	O
+scaling	O
+circuit	O
+techniques	O
+for	O
+high-density	O
+negative-gate	O
+channel-erasing	O
+NOR	O
+flash	O
+memories	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+scale	O
+high-voltage	O
+transistors	O
+for	O
+high-density	O
+negative-gate	O
+channel-erasing	O
+NOR	O
+flash	O
+memories	O
+,	O
+two	O
+circuit	O
+techniques	O
+were	O
+developed	O
+.	O
+A	O
+proposed	O
+level	B-KEY
+shifter	I-KEY
+with	O
+low	O
+operating	O
+voltage	O
+is	O
+composed	O
+of	O
+three	O
+parts	O
+,	O
+a	O
+latch	O
+holding	O
+the	O
+negative	O
+erasing	O
+voltage	O
+,	O
+two	O
+coupling	O
+capacitors	O
+connected	O
+with	O
+the	O
+latched	O
+nodes	O
+in	O
+the	O
+latch	O
+,	O
+and	O
+high-voltage	B-KEY
+drivers	I-KEY
+inverting	O
+the	O
+latch	O
+,	O
+resulting	O
+in	O
+reduction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+maximum	O
+internal	O
+voltage	O
+by	O
+0.5	O
+V	O
+.	O
+A	O
+proposed	O
+high-voltage	B-KEY
+generator	I-KEY
+adds	O
+a	O
+path-gate	B-KEY
+logic	I-KEY
+to	O
+a	O
+conventional	O
+high-voltage	B-KEY
+generator	I-KEY
+to	O
+realize	O
+both	O
+low	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+and	O
+low	B-KEY
+ripple	I-KEY
+voltage	I-KEY
+,	O
+resulting	O
+in	O
+a	O
+reduction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+maximum	O
+internal	O
+voltage	O
+by	O
+0.5	O
+V	O
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+result	O
+,	O
+these	O
+circuit	O
+techniques	O
+along	O
+with	O
+high	B-KEY
+coupling-ratio	I-KEY
+cell	I-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+can	O
+scale	O
+down	O
+the	O
+high-voltage	O
+transistors	O
+by	O
+15	O
+%	O
+and	O
+can	O
+realize	O
+higher	O
+density	O
+negative-gate	O
+channel-erase	O
+NOR	O
+flash	O
+memories	O
+in	O
+comparison	O
+with	O
+the	O
+source-erase	O
+NOR	O
+flash	O
+memories	O
+
+One-step	B-KEY
+digit-set-restricted	I-KEY
+modified	I-KEY
+signed-digit	I-KEY
+adder	I-KEY
+using	O
+an	O
+incoherent	B-KEY
+correlator	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+a	O
+shared	B-KEY
+content-addressable	I-KEY
+memory	I-KEY
+An	O
+efficient	O
+one-step	O
+digit-set-restricted	O
+modified	O
+signed-digit	O
+-LRB-	O
+MSD	O
+-RRB-	O
+adder	O
+based	O
+on	O
+symbolic	B-KEY
+substitution	I-KEY
+is	O
+presented	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+technique	O
+,	O
+carry	O
+propagation	O
+is	O
+avoided	O
+by	O
+introducing	O
+reference	B-KEY
+digits	I-KEY
+to	O
+restrict	O
+the	O
+intermediate	B-KEY
+carry	I-KEY
+and	O
+sum	B-KEY
+digits	I-KEY
+to	O
+-LCB-	O
+1,0	O
+-RCB-	O
+and	O
+-LCB-	O
+0,1	O
+-RCB-	O
+,	O
+respectively	O
+.	O
+The	O
+proposed	O
+technique	O
+requires	O
+significantly	O
+fewer	O
+minterms	B-KEY
+and	O
+simplifies	O
+system	B-KEY
+complexity	I-KEY
+compared	O
+to	O
+the	O
+reported	O
+one-step	O
+MSD	O
+addition	O
+techniques	O
+.	O
+An	O
+incoherent	B-KEY
+correlator	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+an	O
+optoelectronic	O
+shared	B-KEY
+content-addressable	I-KEY
+memory	I-KEY
+processor	O
+is	O
+suggested	O
+to	O
+perform	O
+the	O
+addition	O
+operation	O
+.	O
+In	O
+this	O
+technique	O
+,	O
+only	O
+one	O
+set	O
+of	O
+minterms	B-KEY
+needs	O
+to	O
+be	O
+stored	O
+,	O
+independent	O
+of	O
+the	O
+operand	B-KEY
+length	I-KEY
+
+A	O
+method	O
+for	O
+correlations	O
+analysis	O
+of	O
+coordinates	O
+:	O
+applications	O
+for	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+conformations	I-KEY
+We	O
+describe	O
+a	O
+new	O
+method	O
+to	O
+analyze	O
+multiple	O
+correlations	O
+between	O
+subsets	O
+of	O
+coordinates	O
+that	O
+represent	O
+a	O
+sample	O
+.	O
+The	O
+correlation	O
+is	O
+established	O
+only	O
+between	O
+specific	O
+regions	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+interest	I-KEY
+at	O
+the	O
+coordinates	O
+.	O
+First	O
+,	O
+the	O
+region	O
+-LRB-	O
+s	O
+-RRB-	O
+of	O
+interest	O
+are	O
+selected	O
+at	O
+each	O
+molecular	B-KEY
+coordinate	I-KEY
+.	O
+Next	O
+,	O
+a	O
+correlation	B-KEY
+matrix	I-KEY
+is	O
+constructed	O
+for	O
+the	O
+selected	O
+regions	O
+.	O
+The	O
+matrix	O
+is	O
+subject	O
+to	O
+further	O
+analysis	O
+,	O
+illuminating	O
+the	O
+multidimensional	B-KEY
+structural	I-KEY
+characteristics	I-KEY
+that	O
+exist	O
+in	O
+the	O
+conformational	B-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+method	O
+'s	O
+abilities	O
+are	O
+demonstrated	O
+in	O
+several	O
+examples	O
+:	O
+it	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+analyze	O
+the	O
+conformational	B-KEY
+space	I-KEY
+of	O
+complex	B-KEY
+molecules	I-KEY
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+successfully	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+compare	O
+related	O
+conformational	B-KEY
+spaces	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+it	O
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+analyze	O
+a	O
+diverse	O
+set	O
+of	O
+protein	B-KEY
+folding	I-KEY
+trajectories	I-KEY
+
+Loudspeaker	B-KEY
+voice-coil	I-KEY
+inductance	I-KEY
+losses	I-KEY
+:	O
+circuit	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+,	O
+parameter	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+effect	O
+on	O
+frequency	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+When	O
+the	O
+series	B-KEY
+resistance	I-KEY
+is	O
+separated	O
+and	O
+treated	O
+as	O
+a	O
+separate	O
+element	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+losses	O
+in	O
+an	O
+inductor	O
+require	O
+the	O
+ratio	O
+of	O
+the	O
+flux	O
+to	O
+MMF	O
+in	O
+the	O
+core	O
+to	O
+be	O
+frequency	O
+dependent	O
+.	O
+For	O
+small-signal	B-KEY
+operation	I-KEY
+,	O
+this	O
+dependence	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+a	O
+circuit	B-KEY
+model	I-KEY
+composed	O
+of	O
+a	O
+lossless	B-KEY
+inductor	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+resistor	O
+in	O
+parallel	O
+,	O
+both	O
+of	O
+which	O
+are	O
+frequency	O
+dependent	O
+.	O
+Mathematical	O
+expressions	O
+for	O
+these	O
+elements	O
+are	O
+derived	O
+under	O
+the	O
+assumption	O
+that	O
+the	O
+ratio	O
+of	O
+core	O
+flux	O
+to	O
+MMF	O
+varies	O
+as	O
+omega	O
+/	O
+sup	O
+n-1	O
+/	O
+,	O
+where	O
+n	O
+is	O
+a	O
+constant	O
+.	O
+A	O
+linear	B-KEY
+regression	I-KEY
+technique	O
+is	O
+described	O
+for	O
+extracting	O
+the	O
+model	O
+parameters	O
+from	O
+measured	O
+data	O
+.	O
+Experimental	O
+data	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+to	O
+justify	O
+the	O
+model	O
+for	O
+the	O
+lossy	B-KEY
+inductance	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+loudspeaker	O
+voice-coil	O
+.	O
+A	O
+SPICE	B-KEY
+example	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+to	O
+illustrate	O
+the	O
+effects	O
+of	O
+voice-coil	O
+inductor	O
+losses	O
+on	O
+the	O
+frequency	B-KEY
+response	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+typical	O
+driver	O
+
+Electronic	O
+signatures	O
+-	O
+much	O
+ado	O
+?	O
+Whilst	O
+the	O
+market	O
+may	O
+be	O
+having	O
+a	O
+crisis	O
+of	O
+confidence	O
+regarding	O
+the	O
+prospects	O
+for	O
+e-commerce	B-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+EU	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Government	O
+continue	O
+apace	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+the	O
+legal	B-KEY
+framework	I-KEY
+.	O
+Most	O
+recently	O
+,	O
+this	O
+has	O
+resulted	O
+in	O
+the	O
+Electronic	B-KEY
+Signatures	I-KEY
+Regulations	I-KEY
+2002	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+Regulations	O
+were	O
+made	O
+on	O
+13	O
+February	O
+2002	O
+and	O
+came	O
+into	O
+force	O
+on	O
+8	O
+March	O
+2002	O
+.	O
+The	O
+Regulations	O
+implement	O
+the	O
+European	B-KEY
+Electronic	I-KEY
+Signatures	I-KEY
+Directive	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+1999/93/EC	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Critics	O
+may	O
+say	O
+that	O
+the	O
+Regulations	O
+were	O
+implemented	O
+too	O
+late	O
+-LRB-	O
+they	O
+were	O
+due	O
+to	O
+have	O
+been	O
+implemented	O
+by	O
+19	O
+July	O
+2001	O
+-RRB-	O
+,	O
+with	O
+too	O
+short	O
+a	O
+consultation	O
+period	O
+-LRB-	O
+25	O
+January	O
+2002	O
+to	O
+12	O
+February	O
+2002	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+with	O
+an	O
+unconvincing	O
+case	O
+as	O
+to	O
+what	O
+they	O
+add	O
+to	O
+English	O
+law	O
+-LRB-	O
+as	O
+to	O
+which	O
+,	O
+read	O
+on	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+author	O
+explains	O
+the	O
+latest	O
+development	O
+on	O
+e-signatures	O
+and	O
+the	O
+significance	O
+of	O
+Certification	O
+Service	O
+Providers	O
+-LRB-	O
+CSPs	O
+-RRB-	O
+
+Solution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+safe	B-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+on	O
+-LRB-	O
+0,1	O
+-RRB-	O
+-	O
+matrices	O
+A	O
+safe	B-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+with	O
+mn	B-KEY
+locks	I-KEY
+is	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+reduced	O
+to	O
+a	O
+system	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+modulo	B-KEY
+2	I-KEY
+residue	I-KEY
+class	I-KEY
+.	O
+There	O
+are	O
+three	O
+possible	O
+variants	O
+defined	O
+by	O
+the	O
+numbers	O
+m	O
+and	O
+n	O
+evenness	O
+,	O
+with	O
+only	O
+one	O
+of	O
+them	O
+having	O
+a	O
+solution	O
+.	O
+In	O
+two	O
+other	O
+cases	O
+,	O
+correction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+initial	O
+state	O
+of	O
+the	O
+safe	O
+insuring	O
+a	O
+solution	O
+is	O
+proposed	O
+
+Regularization	O
+of	O
+linear	O
+regression	O
+problems	O
+The	O
+study	O
+considers	O
+robust	B-KEY
+estimation	I-KEY
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+regression	I-KEY
+parameters	I-KEY
+by	O
+the	O
+regularization	O
+method	O
+,	O
+the	O
+pseudoinverse	B-KEY
+method	O
+,	O
+and	O
+the	O
+Bayesian	O
+method	O
+allowing	O
+for	O
+correlations	O
+and	O
+errors	O
+in	O
+the	O
+data	O
+.	O
+Regularizing	O
+algorithms	O
+are	O
+constructed	O
+and	O
+their	O
+relationship	O
+with	O
+pseudoinversion	B-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+Bayesian	B-KEY
+approach	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+BLUE	B-KEY
+is	O
+investigated	O
+
+Electronic	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+for	O
+real	O
+estate	O
+With	O
+HM	B-KEY
+Land	I-KEY
+Registry	I-KEY
+'s	O
+consultation	O
+now	O
+underway	O
+,	O
+no	O
+one	O
+denies	O
+that	O
+the	O
+property	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+is	O
+facing	O
+a	O
+period	O
+of	O
+unprecedented	O
+change	O
+.	O
+PISCES	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+Property	B-KEY
+Information	I-KEY
+Systems	I-KEY
+Common	I-KEY
+Exchange	I-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+a	O
+property-focused	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+exchange	I-KEY
+standard	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+standard	B-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+definitions	O
+and	O
+rules	O
+to	O
+facilitate	O
+electronic	O
+transfer	O
+of	O
+data	O
+between	O
+key	O
+business	O
+areas	O
+and	O
+between	O
+different	O
+types	O
+of	O
+software	B-KEY
+packages	I-KEY
+that	O
+are	O
+used	O
+regularly	O
+by	O
+the	O
+property	B-KEY
+industry	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+not	O
+itself	O
+a	O
+piece	O
+of	O
+software	O
+but	O
+an	O
+enabling	O
+technology	O
+that	O
+allows	O
+software	O
+providers	O
+to	O
+prepare	O
+solutions	O
+within	O
+their	O
+own	O
+packages	O
+to	O
+transfer	O
+data	O
+between	O
+databases	B-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+provides	O
+the	O
+attractive	O
+prospect	O
+of	O
+seamless	B-KEY
+transfer	I-KEY
+of	O
+data	O
+within	O
+and	O
+between	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+organisations	O
+
+Nuclear	O
+magnetic	O
+resonance	O
+molecular	O
+photography	O
+A	O
+procedure	O
+is	O
+described	O
+for	O
+storing	O
+a	O
+two-dimensional	O
+-LRB-	O
+2D	O
+-RRB-	O
+pattern	O
+consisting	O
+of	O
+32	O
+*	O
+32	O
+=	O
+1024	B-KEY
+bits	I-KEY
+in	O
+a	O
+spin	O
+state	O
+of	O
+a	O
+molecular	O
+system	O
+and	O
+then	O
+retrieving	O
+the	O
+stored	O
+information	O
+as	O
+a	O
+stack	O
+of	O
+nuclear	O
+magnetic	O
+resonance	O
+spectra	O
+.	O
+The	O
+system	O
+used	O
+is	O
+a	O
+nematic	B-KEY
+liquid	I-KEY
+crystal	I-KEY
+,	O
+the	O
+protons	O
+of	O
+which	O
+act	O
+as	O
+spin	B-KEY
+clusters	I-KEY
+with	O
+strong	B-KEY
+intramolecular	I-KEY
+interactions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+technique	O
+used	O
+is	O
+a	O
+programmable	B-KEY
+multifrequency	I-KEY
+irradiation	I-KEY
+with	O
+low	B-KEY
+amplitude	I-KEY
+.	O
+When	O
+it	O
+is	O
+applied	O
+to	O
+the	O
+liquid	O
+crystal	O
+,	O
+a	O
+large	O
+number	O
+of	O
+coherent	O
+long-lived	O
+/	O
+sup	O
+1/H	O
+response	O
+signals	O
+can	O
+be	O
+excited	O
+,	O
+resulting	O
+in	O
+a	O
+spectrum	O
+showing	O
+many	O
+sharp	O
+peaks	O
+with	O
+controllable	O
+frequencies	O
+and	O
+amplitudes	O
+.	O
+The	O
+spectral	B-KEY
+resolution	I-KEY
+is	O
+enhanced	O
+by	O
+using	O
+a	O
+second	B-KEY
+weak	I-KEY
+pulse	I-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+90	O
+degrees	O
+phase	O
+shift	O
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+the	O
+1024	B-KEY
+bits	I-KEY
+of	O
+information	O
+can	O
+be	O
+retrieved	O
+as	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+well-resolved	O
+pseudo-2D	B-KEY
+spectra	I-KEY
+reproducing	O
+the	O
+input	O
+pattern	O
+
+Decisions	O
+,	O
+decisions	O
+,	O
+decisions	O
+:	O
+a	O
+tale	O
+of	O
+special	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+small	B-KEY
+academic	I-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+A	O
+case	B-KEY
+study	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+special	B-KEY
+collections	I-KEY
+department	O
+in	O
+a	O
+small	B-KEY
+academic	I-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+and	O
+how	O
+its	O
+collections	O
+have	O
+been	O
+acquired	O
+and	O
+developed	O
+over	O
+the	O
+years	O
+is	O
+described	O
+.	O
+It	O
+looks	O
+at	O
+the	O
+changes	O
+that	O
+have	O
+occurred	O
+in	O
+the	O
+academic	O
+environment	O
+and	O
+what	O
+effect	O
+,	O
+if	O
+any	O
+,	O
+these	O
+changes	O
+may	O
+have	O
+had	O
+on	O
+the	O
+department	O
+and	O
+how	O
+it	O
+has	O
+adapted	O
+to	O
+them	O
+.	O
+It	O
+raises	O
+questions	O
+about	O
+development	O
+and	O
+acquisitions	B-KEY
+policies	I-KEY
+and	O
+procedures	O
+
+Simple	O
+minds	O
+-LSB-	O
+health	B-KEY
+care	I-KEY
+IT	O
+-RSB-	O
+A	O
+few	O
+things	O
+done	O
+properly	O
+,	O
+and	O
+soon	O
+,	O
+is	O
+the	O
+short-term	O
+strategy	B-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+UK	B-KEY
+NHS	I-KEY
+IT	I-KEY
+programme	I-KEY
+.	O
+Can	O
+it	O
+deliver	O
+this	O
+time	O
+?	O
+
+Outlier	B-KEY
+resistant	I-KEY
+adaptive	I-KEY
+matched	I-KEY
+filtering	I-KEY
+Robust	O
+adaptive	O
+matched	O
+filtering	O
+-LRB-	O
+AMF	O
+-RRB-	O
+whereby	O
+outlier	O
+data	O
+vectors	O
+are	O
+censored	O
+from	O
+the	O
+covariance	B-KEY
+matrix	I-KEY
+estimate	I-KEY
+is	O
+considered	O
+in	O
+a	O
+maximum	O
+likelihood	O
+estimation	O
+-LRB-	O
+MLE	O
+-RRB-	O
+setting	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+known	O
+that	O
+outlier	O
+data	O
+vectors	O
+whose	O
+steering	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+is	O
+highly	O
+correlated	O
+with	O
+the	O
+desired	O
+steering	B-KEY
+vector	I-KEY
+,	O
+can	O
+significantly	O
+degrade	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+AMF	O
+algorithms	O
+such	O
+as	O
+sample	B-KEY
+matrix	I-KEY
+inversion	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+SMI	O
+-RRB-	O
+or	O
+fast	B-KEY
+maximum	I-KEY
+likelihood	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+FML	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Four	O
+new	O
+algorithms	O
+that	O
+censor	O
+outliers	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+which	O
+are	O
+derived	O
+via	O
+approximation	O
+to	O
+the	O
+MLE	O
+solution	O
+.	O
+Two	O
+algorithms	O
+each	O
+are	O
+related	O
+to	O
+using	O
+the	O
+SMI	O
+or	O
+the	O
+FML	O
+to	O
+estimate	O
+the	O
+unknown	O
+underlying	O
+covariance	O
+matrix	O
+.	O
+Results	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+using	O
+computer	O
+simulations	O
+which	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+relative	O
+effectiveness	O
+of	O
+the	O
+four	O
+algorithms	O
+versus	O
+each	O
+other	O
+and	O
+also	O
+versus	O
+the	O
+SMI	O
+and	O
+FML	O
+algorithms	O
+in	O
+the	O
+presence	O
+of	O
+outliers	O
+and	O
+no	O
+outliers	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+censoring	B-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+,	O
+called	O
+the	O
+reiterative	O
+censored	O
+fast	B-KEY
+maximum	I-KEY
+likelihood	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+CFML	O
+-RRB-	O
+technique	O
+is	O
+significantly	O
+superior	O
+to	O
+the	O
+other	O
+three	O
+censoring	O
+methods	O
+in	O
+stressful	O
+outlier	O
+scenarios	O
+
+Stochastic	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+a	O
+random	B-KEY
+jump	I-KEY
+in	O
+phase	B-KEY
+trajectory	I-KEY
+:	O
+stability	O
+of	O
+their	O
+motions	O
+The	O
+probabilistic	O
+stability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+perturbed	O
+motion	O
+of	O
+a	O
+system	O
+with	O
+parameters	O
+under	O
+the	O
+action	O
+of	O
+a	O
+general	B-KEY
+Markov	I-KEY
+process	I-KEY
+is	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+The	O
+phase	O
+vector	O
+is	O
+assumed	O
+to	O
+experience	O
+random	B-KEY
+jumps	I-KEY
+when	O
+the	O
+structure	O
+the	O
+system	O
+suffers	O
+random	B-KEY
+jumps	I-KEY
+.	O
+Such	O
+a	O
+situation	O
+is	O
+encountered	O
+,	O
+for	O
+example	O
+,	O
+in	O
+the	O
+motion	O
+of	O
+a	O
+solid	O
+with	O
+random	B-KEY
+jumps	I-KEY
+in	O
+its	O
+mass	O
+.	O
+The	O
+mean-square	O
+stability	O
+of	O
+random-structure	O
+linear	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+stability	O
+.	O
+of	O
+nonlinear	O
+systems	O
+in	O
+the	O
+first	O
+approximation	O
+are	O
+studied	O
+.	O
+The	O
+applied	O
+approach	O
+is	O
+helpful	O
+in	O
+studying	O
+the	O
+asymptotic	B-KEY
+probabilistic	I-KEY
+stability	I-KEY
+and	O
+mean-square	B-KEY
+exponential	I-KEY
+stability	I-KEY
+of	O
+stochastic	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+through	O
+the	O
+stability	O
+of	O
+the	O
+respective	O
+deterministic	O
+systems	O
+
+Affine	B-KEY
+invariants	I-KEY
+of	O
+convex	B-KEY
+polygons	I-KEY
+In	O
+this	O
+correspondence	O
+,	O
+we	O
+prove	O
+that	O
+the	O
+affine	B-KEY
+invariants	I-KEY
+,	O
+for	O
+image	B-KEY
+registration	I-KEY
+and	O
+object	B-KEY
+recognition	I-KEY
+,	O
+proposed	O
+recently	O
+by	O
+Yang	O
+and	O
+Cohen	O
+-LRB-	O
+see	O
+ibid.	O
+,	O
+vol	O
+.8	O
+,	O
+no.	O
+7	O
+,	O
+p.934-46	O
+,	O
+July	O
+1999	O
+-RRB-	O
+are	O
+algebraically	O
+dependent	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+how	O
+to	O
+select	O
+an	O
+independent	O
+and	O
+complete	O
+set	O
+of	O
+the	O
+invariants	O
+.	O
+The	O
+use	O
+of	O
+this	O
+new	O
+set	O
+leads	O
+to	O
+a	O
+significant	O
+reduction	O
+of	O
+the	O
+computing	O
+complexity	O
+without	O
+decreasing	O
+the	O
+discrimination	O
+power	O
+
+Relevance	O
+of	O
+Web	O
+documents	O
+:	O
+ghosts	B-KEY
+consensus	I-KEY
+method	I-KEY
+The	O
+dominant	O
+method	O
+currently	O
+used	O
+to	O
+improve	O
+the	O
+quality	O
+of	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+is	O
+often	O
+called	O
+``	O
+digital	B-KEY
+democracy	I-KEY
+.	O
+''	O
+Such	O
+an	O
+approach	O
+implies	O
+the	O
+utilization	O
+of	O
+the	O
+majority	B-KEY
+opinion	I-KEY
+of	O
+Internet	O
+users	O
+to	O
+determine	O
+the	O
+most	O
+relevant	O
+documents	O
+:	O
+for	O
+example	O
+,	O
+citation	B-KEY
+index	I-KEY
+usage	I-KEY
+for	O
+sorting	O
+of	O
+search	B-KEY
+results	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+google.com	O
+-RRB-	O
+or	O
+an	O
+enrichment	O
+of	O
+a	O
+query	O
+with	O
+terms	O
+that	O
+are	O
+asked	O
+frequently	O
+in	O
+relation	O
+with	O
+the	O
+query	O
+'s	O
+theme	O
+.	O
+``	O
+Digital	B-KEY
+democracy	I-KEY
+''	O
+is	O
+an	O
+effective	O
+instrument	O
+in	O
+many	O
+cases	O
+,	O
+but	O
+it	O
+has	O
+an	O
+unavoidable	O
+shortcoming	O
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+a	O
+matter	O
+of	O
+principle	O
+:	O
+the	O
+average	O
+intellectual	O
+and	O
+cultural	O
+level	O
+of	O
+Internet	O
+users	O
+is	O
+very	O
+low	O
+;	O
+everyone	O
+knows	O
+what	O
+kind	O
+of	O
+information	O
+is	O
+dominant	O
+in	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+query	I-KEY
+statistics	I-KEY
+.	O
+Therefore	O
+,	O
+when	O
+one	O
+searches	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+by	O
+means	O
+of	O
+``	O
+digital	B-KEY
+democracy	I-KEY
+''	O
+systems	O
+,	O
+one	O
+gets	O
+answers	O
+that	O
+reflect	O
+an	O
+underlying	O
+assumption	O
+that	O
+the	O
+user	O
+'s	O
+mind	O
+potential	O
+is	O
+very	O
+low	O
+,	O
+and	O
+that	O
+his	O
+cultural	O
+interests	O
+are	O
+not	O
+demanding	O
+.	O
+Thus	O
+,	O
+it	O
+is	O
+more	O
+correct	O
+to	O
+use	O
+the	O
+term	O
+``	O
+digital	B-KEY
+ochlocracy	I-KEY
+''	O
+to	O
+refer	O
+to	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+search	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+with	O
+``	O
+digital	B-KEY
+democracy	I-KEY
+.	O
+''	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+well-known	O
+mathematical	O
+mechanism	O
+of	O
+linear	B-KEY
+programming	I-KEY
+,	O
+we	O
+propose	O
+a	O
+method	O
+to	O
+solve	O
+the	O
+indicated	O
+problem	O
+
+Reaching	O
+for	O
+five	O
+nines	O
+:	O
+ActiveWatch	O
+and	O
+SiteSeer	O
+Every	O
+Web	O
+admin	O
+'s	O
+dream	O
+is	O
+achieving	O
+the	O
+fabled	O
+five	O
+nines-99	O
+.999	O
+percent	O
+uptime	O
+.	O
+To	O
+attain	O
+such	O
+availability	O
+,	O
+your	O
+Web	B-KEY
+site	I-KEY
+must	O
+be	O
+down	O
+no	O
+more	O
+than	O
+about	O
+five	O
+minutes	O
+per	O
+year	O
+.	O
+Technologies	O
+like	O
+RAID	O
+,	O
+clustering	O
+,	O
+and	O
+load	O
+balancing	O
+make	O
+this	O
+easier	O
+,	O
+but	O
+to	O
+actually	O
+track	O
+uptime	O
+,	O
+maintain	O
+auditable	B-KEY
+records	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+discover	O
+patterns	O
+in	O
+failures	O
+to	O
+prevent	O
+downtime	B-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+future	O
+,	O
+you	O
+'ll	O
+need	O
+to	O
+set	O
+up	O
+external	B-KEY
+monitoring	I-KEY
+.	O
+Because	O
+your	O
+Internet	B-KEY
+connection	I-KEY
+is	O
+a	O
+key	O
+factor	O
+in	O
+measuring	O
+uptime	O
+,	O
+you	O
+must	O
+monitor	O
+your	O
+site	O
+from	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+itself	O
+,	O
+beyond	O
+your	O
+firewall	O
+.	O
+You	O
+could	O
+monitor	O
+with	O
+custom	O
+software	O
+on	O
+remote	O
+hosts	O
+,	O
+or	O
+you	O
+could	O
+use	O
+one	O
+of	O
+the	O
+two	O
+reasonably	O
+priced	O
+services	O
+available	O
+:	O
+Mercury	O
+Interactive	O
+'s	O
+ActiveWatch	O
+and	O
+Freshwater	O
+Software	O
+'s	O
+SiteSeer	O
+.	O
+-LRB-	O
+Freshwater	O
+Software	O
+has	O
+been	O
+a	O
+subsidiary	O
+of	O
+Mercury	O
+Interactive	O
+for	O
+about	O
+a	O
+year	O
+now	O
+.	O
+-RRB-	O
+The	O
+two	O
+services	O
+offer	O
+a	O
+slightly	O
+different	O
+mix	O
+of	O
+features	O
+and	O
+target	O
+different	O
+markets	O
+.	O
+Both	O
+services	O
+offer	O
+availability	O
+and	O
+performance	B-KEY
+monitoring	I-KEY
+from	O
+several	O
+remote	B-KEY
+locations	I-KEY
+,	O
+alerts	O
+to	O
+email	O
+or	O
+pager	O
+,	O
+and	O
+periodic	B-KEY
+reports	I-KEY
+.	O
+They	O
+differ	O
+in	O
+what	O
+'s	O
+most	O
+easily	O
+monitored	O
+,	O
+and	O
+in	O
+the	O
+way	O
+you	O
+interact	O
+with	O
+the	O
+services	O
+
+Absorption	O
+of	O
+long	O
+waves	O
+by	O
+nonresonant	O
+parametric	O
+microstructures	O
+Using	O
+simple	O
+acoustical	O
+and	O
+mechanical	B-KEY
+models	I-KEY
+,	O
+we	O
+consider	O
+the	O
+conceptual	O
+possibility	O
+of	O
+designing	O
+an	O
+active	O
+absorbing	O
+-LRB-	O
+nonreflecting	O
+-RRB-	O
+coating	O
+in	O
+the	O
+form	O
+of	O
+a	O
+thin	B-KEY
+layer	I-KEY
+with	O
+small-scale	B-KEY
+stratification	I-KEY
+and	O
+fast	B-KEY
+time	I-KEY
+modulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+parameters	O
+.	O
+Algorithms	O
+for	O
+space-time	B-KEY
+modulation	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+controlled-layer	B-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+are	O
+studied	O
+in	O
+detail	O
+for	O
+a	O
+one-dimensional	B-KEY
+boundary-value	I-KEY
+problem	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+algorithms	O
+do	O
+not	O
+require	O
+wave-field	O
+measurements	O
+,	O
+which	O
+eliminates	O
+the	O
+self-excitation	O
+problem	O
+that	O
+is	O
+characteristic	O
+of	O
+active	O
+systems	O
+.	O
+The	O
+majority	O
+of	O
+the	O
+considered	O
+algorithms	O
+of	O
+parametric	B-KEY
+control	I-KEY
+transform	O
+the	O
+low-frequency	B-KEY
+incident	I-KEY
+wave	I-KEY
+to	O
+high-frequency	B-KEY
+waves	I-KEY
+of	O
+the	O
+technological	O
+band	O
+for	O
+which	O
+the	O
+waveguiding	B-KEY
+medium	I-KEY
+inside	O
+the	O
+layer	O
+is	O
+assumed	O
+to	O
+be	O
+opaque	O
+-LRB-	O
+absorbing	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+The	O
+efficient	O
+use	O
+conditions	O
+are	O
+found	O
+for	O
+all	O
+the	O
+algorithms	O
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+the	O
+absorbing	B-KEY
+layer	I-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+as	O
+thin	O
+as	O
+desired	O
+with	O
+respect	O
+to	O
+the	O
+minimum	O
+spatial	O
+scale	O
+of	O
+the	O
+incident	O
+wave	O
+and	O
+ensures	O
+efficient	O
+absorption	O
+in	O
+a	O
+wide	O
+frequency	O
+interval	O
+-LRB-	O
+starting	O
+from	O
+zero	O
+frequency	O
+-RRB-	O
+that	O
+is	O
+bounded	O
+from	O
+above	O
+only	O
+by	O
+a	O
+finite	O
+space-time	O
+resolution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+parameter-control	O
+operations	O
+.	O
+The	O
+structure	O
+of	O
+a	O
+three-dimensional	O
+parametric	O
+''	O
+`	O
+black	O
+''	O
+coating	O
+whose	O
+efficiency	O
+is	O
+independent	O
+of	O
+the	O
+angle	B-KEY
+of	I-KEY
+incidence	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+incoming	O
+wave	O
+is	O
+developed	O
+on	O
+the	O
+basis	O
+of	O
+the	O
+studied	O
+one-dimensional	B-KEY
+problems	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+general	O
+solution	O
+of	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+diffraction	B-KEY
+of	O
+incident	O
+waves	O
+from	O
+such	O
+a	O
+coating	O
+is	O
+obtained	O
+.	O
+This	O
+solution	O
+is	O
+analyzed	O
+in	O
+detail	O
+for	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+a	O
+disk-shaped	B-KEY
+element	I-KEY
+
+Books	O
+on	O
+demand	O
+:	O
+just-in-time	O
+acquisitions	O
+The	O
+Purdue	B-KEY
+University	I-KEY
+Libraries	I-KEY
+Interlibrary	I-KEY
+Loan	I-KEY
+unit	I-KEY
+proposed	O
+a	O
+pilot	O
+project	O
+to	O
+purchase	O
+patrons	O
+'	O
+loan	O
+requests	O
+from	O
+Amazon	O
+.	O
+com	O
+,	O
+lend	O
+them	O
+to	O
+the	O
+patrons	O
+,	O
+and	O
+then	O
+add	O
+the	O
+titles	O
+to	O
+the	O
+collection	O
+.	O
+Staff	O
+analyzed	O
+previous	O
+monograph	B-KEY
+loans	I-KEY
+,	O
+developed	O
+ordering	B-KEY
+criteria	I-KEY
+,	O
+implemented	O
+the	O
+proposal	O
+as	O
+a	O
+pilot	O
+project	O
+for	O
+six	O
+months	O
+,	O
+and	O
+evaluated	O
+the	O
+resulting	O
+patron	B-KEY
+comments	I-KEY
+,	O
+statistics	O
+,	O
+and	O
+staff	B-KEY
+perceptions	I-KEY
+.	O
+As	O
+a	O
+result	O
+of	O
+enthusiastic	O
+patron	B-KEY
+comments	I-KEY
+and	O
+a	O
+review	O
+of	O
+the	O
+project	O
+statistics	O
+,	O
+the	O
+program	O
+was	O
+extended	O
+
+Internet-based	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+experimenting	O
+:	O
+five	O
+dos	O
+and	O
+five	O
+do	O
+n'ts	O
+Internet-based	O
+psychological	B-KEY
+experimenting	O
+is	O
+presented	O
+as	O
+a	O
+method	O
+that	O
+needs	O
+careful	O
+consideration	O
+of	O
+a	O
+number	O
+of	O
+issues-from	O
+potential	O
+data	O
+corruption	O
+to	O
+revealing	O
+confidential	O
+information	O
+about	O
+participants	O
+.	O
+Ten	O
+issues	O
+are	O
+grouped	O
+into	O
+five	O
+areas	O
+of	O
+actions	O
+to	O
+be	O
+taken	O
+when	O
+developing	O
+an	O
+Internet	O
+experiment	O
+-LRB-	O
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+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+five	O
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+to	O
+be	O
+avoided	O
+-LRB-	O
+do	O
+n'ts	O
+-RRB-	O
+.	O
+Dos	O
+include	O
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+a	O
+-RRB-	O
+utilizing	O
+dropout	B-KEY
+as	O
+a	O
+dependent	O
+variable	O
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+b	O
+-RRB-	O
+the	O
+use	O
+of	O
+dropout	B-KEY
+to	O
+detect	O
+motivational	B-KEY
+confounding	I-KEY
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+c	O
+-RRB-	O
+placement	O
+of	O
+questions	O
+for	O
+personal	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+d	O
+-RRB-	O
+using	O
+a	O
+collection	O
+of	O
+techniques	O
+,	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+e	O
+-RRB-	O
+using	O
+Internet-based	O
+tools	O
+.	O
+Do	O
+n'ts	O
+are	O
+about	O
+:	O
+-LRB-	O
+a	O
+-RRB-	O
+unprotected	B-KEY
+directories	I-KEY
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+b	O
+-RRB-	O
+public	O
+access	O
+to	O
+confidential	O
+data	O
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+c	O
+-RRB-	O
+revealing	O
+the	O
+experiment	O
+'s	O
+structure	O
+,	O
+-LRB-	O
+d	O
+-RRB-	O
+ignoring	O
+the	O
+Internet	O
+'s	O
+technical	O
+variance	O
+,	O
+and	O
+-LRB-	O
+e	O
+-RRB-	O
+improper	O
+use	O
+of	O
+form	O
+elements	O
+
+Temelin	O
+casts	O
+its	O
+shadow	O
+-LSB-	O
+nuclear	O
+power	O
+plant	O
+-RSB-	O
+Reservations	O
+about	O
+Temelin	B-KEY
+nuclear	I-KEY
+plant	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+Czech	B-KEY
+Republic	I-KEY
+are	O
+political	O
+rather	O
+than	O
+technical	O
+.	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+discusses	O
+the	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+turbogenerator	B-KEY
+vibrations	I-KEY
+and	O
+how	O
+they	O
+were	O
+diagnosed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+paper	O
+also	O
+discusses	O
+some	O
+of	O
+the	O
+other	O
+problems	O
+of	O
+commissioning	O
+the	O
+power	O
+plant	O
+.	O
+The	O
+simulator	O
+used	O
+for	O
+training	O
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+also	O
+mentioned	O
+
+Geotensity	O
+:	O
+combining	O
+motion	O
+and	O
+lighting	O
+for	O
+3D	O
+surface	O
+reconstruction	O
+This	O
+paper	O
+is	O
+about	O
+automatically	O
+reconstructing	O
+the	O
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+3D	I-KEY
+surface	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+object	O
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+in	O
+motion	O
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+single	B-KEY
+static	I-KEY
+camera	I-KEY
+.	O
+Based	O
+on	O
+the	O
+two	O
+paradigms	O
+,	O
+structure	O
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+motion	O
+and	O
+linear	B-KEY
+intensity	I-KEY
+subspaces	I-KEY
+,	O
+we	O
+introduce	O
+the	O
+geotensity	B-KEY
+constraint	I-KEY
+that	O
+governs	O
+the	O
+relationship	O
+between	O
+four	O
+or	O
+more	O
+images	O
+of	O
+a	O
+moving	O
+object	O
+.	O
+We	O
+show	O
+that	O
+it	O
+is	O
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+in	O
+theory	O
+to	O
+solve	O
+for	O
+3D	B-KEY
+Lambertian	I-KEY
+surface	I-KEY
+structure	I-KEY
+for	O
+the	O
+case	O
+of	O
+a	O
+single	B-KEY
+point	I-KEY
+light	I-KEY
+source	I-KEY
+and	O
+propose	O
+that	O
+a	O
+solution	O
+exists	O
+for	O
+an	O
+arbitrary	O
+number	O
+point	O
+light	O
+sources	O
+.	O
+The	O
+surface	O
+may	O
+or	O
+may	O
+not	O
+be	O
+textured	O
+.	O
+We	O
+then	O
+give	O
+an	O
+example	O
+of	O
+automatic	B-KEY
+surface	I-KEY
+reconstruction	I-KEY
+of	O
+a	O
+face	O
+under	O
+a	O
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+source	I-KEY
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+arbitrary	O
+unknown	O
+object	O
+motion	O
+and	O
+a	O
+single	O
+fixed	O
+camera	O
+
+Operational	B-KEY
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+distribution	I-KEY
+in	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+theory	I-KEY
+Operational	B-KEY
+phase-space	I-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+are	O
+useful	O
+tools	O
+for	O
+describing	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+mechanical	I-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+including	O
+quantum	O
+communication	O
+and	O
+quantum	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+processing	I-KEY
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+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+shown	O
+that	O
+quantum	O
+communication	O
+channels	O
+with	O
+Gaussian	B-KEY
+noise	I-KEY
+and	O
+quantum	B-KEY
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+continuous	B-KEY
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+described	O
+by	O
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+probability	I-KEY
+distributions	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+relation	O
+of	O
+operational	B-KEY
+phase-space	I-KEY
+probability	I-KEY
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+to	O
+the	O
+extended	B-KEY
+phase-space	I-KEY
+formalism	I-KEY
+proposed	O
+by	O
+Chountasis	O
+and	O
+Vourdas	O
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+is	O
+discussed	O
+
+An	O
+application	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
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+regression	I-KEY
+to	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+in	O
+Turkey	B-KEY
+Fuzzy	O
+set	O
+theory	O
+deals	O
+with	O
+the	O
+vagueness	O
+of	O
+human	O
+thought	O
+.	O
+A	O
+major	O
+contribution	O
+of	O
+fuzzy	O
+set	O
+theory	O
+is	O
+its	B-KEY
+capability	O
+of	O
+representing	O
+vague	O
+knowledge	O
+.	O
+Fuzzy	O
+set	O
+theory	O
+is	O
+very	O
+practical	O
+when	O
+sufficient	O
+and	O
+reliable	O
+data	O
+is	O
+n't	O
+available	O
+.	O
+Information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+IT	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+the	O
+acquisition	O
+,	O
+processing	O
+,	O
+storage	O
+and	O
+dissemination	O
+of	O
+information	O
+in	O
+all	O
+its	B-KEY
+forms	O
+-LRB-	O
+auditory	O
+,	O
+pictorial	O
+,	O
+textual	O
+and	O
+numerical	O
+-RRB-	O
+through	O
+a	O
+combination	O
+of	O
+computers	B-KEY
+,	O
+telecommunication	B-KEY
+,	O
+networks	O
+and	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+devices	I-KEY
+.	O
+IT	B-KEY
+includes	O
+matters	O
+concerned	O
+with	O
+the	O
+furtherance	O
+of	O
+computer	B-KEY
+science	O
+and	O
+technology	O
+,	O
+design	O
+,	O
+development	O
+,	O
+installation	O
+and	O
+implementation	O
+of	O
+information	O
+systems	O
+and	O
+applications	O
+.	O
+In	O
+the	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+assuming	O
+that	O
+there	O
+are	O
+n	O
+independent	O
+variables	O
+and	O
+the	O
+regression	B-KEY
+function	I-KEY
+is	O
+linear	O
+,	O
+the	O
+possible	O
+levels	O
+of	O
+information	B-KEY
+technology	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+the	O
+sale	O
+levels	O
+of	O
+computer	B-KEY
+equipment	O
+-RRB-	O
+in	O
+Turkey	B-KEY
+are	O
+forecasted	O
+by	O
+using	O
+fuzzy	B-KEY
+linear	I-KEY
+regression	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+independent	O
+variables	O
+assumed	O
+are	O
+the	O
+import	O
+level	O
+and	O
+the	O
+export	O
+level	O
+of	O
+computer	B-KEY
+equipment	O
+
+A	O
+new	O
+graphical	B-KEY
+user	I-KEY
+interface	I-KEY
+for	O
+fast	O
+construction	O
+of	O
+computation	B-KEY
+phantoms	I-KEY
+and	O
+MCNP	O
+calculations	O
+:	O
+application	O
+to	O
+calibration	B-KEY
+of	O
+in	B-KEY
+vivo	I-KEY
+measurement	I-KEY
+systems	O
+Reports	O
+on	O
+a	O
+new	O
+utility	O
+for	O
+development	O
+of	O
+computational	B-KEY
+phantoms	I-KEY
+for	O
+Monte	B-KEY
+Carlo	I-KEY
+calculations	I-KEY
+and	O
+data	O
+analysis	O
+for	O
+in	B-KEY
+vivo	I-KEY
+measurements	I-KEY
+of	O
+radionuclides	B-KEY
+deposited	O
+in	O
+tissues	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+individual	O
+properties	O
+of	O
+each	O
+worker	B-KEY
+can	O
+be	O
+acquired	O
+for	O
+a	O
+rather	O
+precise	B-KEY
+geometric	I-KEY
+representation	I-KEY
+of	O
+his	O
+-LRB-	O
+her	O
+-RRB-	O
+anatomy	B-KEY
+,	O
+which	O
+is	O
+particularly	O
+important	O
+for	O
+low	B-KEY
+energy	I-KEY
+gamma	I-KEY
+ray	I-KEY
+emitting	I-KEY
+sources	I-KEY
+such	O
+as	O
+thorium	O
+,	O
+uranium	O
+,	O
+plutonium	O
+and	O
+other	O
+actinides	B-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+software	B-KEY
+enables	O
+automatic	B-KEY
+creation	I-KEY
+of	O
+an	O
+MCNP	B-KEY
+input	I-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+file	I-KEY
+based	O
+on	O
+scanning	B-KEY
+data	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+utility	O
+includes	O
+segmentation	O
+of	O
+images	O
+obtained	O
+with	O
+either	O
+computed	B-KEY
+tomography	I-KEY
+or	O
+magnetic	O
+resonance	O
+imaging	O
+by	O
+distinguishing	O
+tissues	B-KEY
+according	O
+to	O
+their	O
+signal	B-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+brightness	B-KEY
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+specification	O
+of	O
+the	O
+source	O
+and	O
+detector	B-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+addition	O
+,	O
+a	O
+coupling	O
+of	O
+individual	B-KEY
+voxels	I-KEY
+within	O
+the	O
+tissue	B-KEY
+is	O
+used	O
+to	O
+reduce	O
+the	O
+memory	B-KEY
+demand	I-KEY
+and	O
+to	O
+increase	O
+the	O
+calculational	B-KEY
+speed	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+utility	O
+was	O
+tested	O
+for	O
+low	O
+energy	O
+emitters	O
+in	O
+plastic	B-KEY
+and	O
+biological	B-KEY
+tissues	I-KEY
+as	O
+well	O
+as	O
+for	O
+computed	O
+tomography	O
+and	O
+magnetic	O
+resonance	O
+imaging	O
+scanning	O
+information	O
+
+Information	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+-	O
+what	O
+do	O
+international	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+say	O
+?	O
+One	O
+of	O
+the	O
+most	O
+important	O
+information	O
+security	O
+controls	O
+,	O
+is	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+.	O
+This	O
+vital	O
+direction-giving	O
+document	O
+is	O
+,	O
+however	O
+,	O
+not	O
+always	O
+easy	O
+to	O
+develop	O
+and	O
+the	O
+authors	O
+thereof	O
+battle	O
+with	O
+questions	O
+such	O
+as	O
+what	O
+constitutes	O
+a	O
+policy	O
+.	O
+This	O
+results	O
+in	O
+the	O
+policy	O
+authors	O
+turning	O
+to	O
+existing	O
+sources	O
+for	O
+guidance	O
+.	O
+One	O
+of	O
+these	O
+sources	O
+is	O
+the	O
+various	O
+international	B-KEY
+information	I-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+standards	I-KEY
+.	O
+These	O
+standards	O
+are	O
+a	O
+good	O
+starting	O
+point	O
+for	O
+determining	O
+what	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+should	O
+consist	O
+of	O
+,	O
+but	O
+should	O
+not	O
+be	O
+relied	O
+upon	O
+exclusively	O
+for	O
+guidance	O
+.	O
+Firstly	O
+,	O
+they	O
+are	O
+not	O
+comprehensive	O
+in	O
+their	O
+coverage	O
+and	O
+furthermore	O
+,	O
+tending	O
+to	O
+rather	O
+address	O
+the	O
+processes	O
+needed	O
+for	O
+successfully	O
+implementing	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+.	O
+It	O
+is	O
+far	O
+more	O
+important	O
+the	O
+information	B-KEY
+security	I-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+must	O
+fit	O
+in	O
+with	O
+the	O
+organisation	O
+'s	O
+culture	O
+and	O
+must	O
+therefore	O
+be	O
+developed	O
+with	O
+this	O
+in	O
+mind	O
+
+Academic	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+and	O
+community	O
+:	O
+making	O
+the	O
+connection	O
+I	O
+explore	O
+the	O
+theme	O
+of	O
+academic	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+serving	O
+and	O
+reaching	O
+out	O
+to	O
+the	O
+broader	O
+community	O
+.	O
+I	O
+highlight	O
+interesting	O
+projects	O
+reported	O
+on	O
+in	O
+the	O
+literature	O
+-LRB-	O
+such	O
+as	O
+the	O
+Through	O
+Our	O
+Parents	O
+'	O
+Eyes	O
+project	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+report	O
+on	O
+others	O
+.	O
+I	O
+look	O
+at	O
+challenges	O
+to	O
+community	B-KEY
+partnerships	I-KEY
+and	O
+recommendations	O
+for	O
+making	O
+them	O
+succeed	O
+.	O
+Although	O
+I	O
+focus	O
+on	O
+links	O
+with	O
+the	O
+broader	O
+community	O
+,	O
+I	O
+also	O
+took	O
+at	O
+methods	O
+for	O
+increasing	O
+cooperation	O
+among	O
+various	O
+units	O
+on	O
+campus	O
+,	O
+so	O
+that	O
+the	O
+needs	O
+of	O
+campus	O
+community	O
+groups-such	O
+as	O
+distance	B-KEY
+education	I-KEY
+students	I-KEY
+or	O
+disabled	O
+students-are	O
+effectively	O
+addressed	O
+.	O
+Though	O
+academic	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+are	O
+my	O
+focus	O
+,	O
+we	O
+can	O
+learn	O
+a	O
+lot	O
+from	O
+the	O
+community	O
+building	O
+efforts	O
+of	O
+public	B-KEY
+libraries	I-KEY
+
+Symbiosis	O
+or	O
+alienation	O
+:	O
+advancing	O
+the	O
+university	B-KEY
+press/research	I-KEY
+library	I-KEY
+relationship	I-KEY
+through	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+scholarly	I-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+University	O
+presses	O
+and	O
+research	O
+libraries	O
+have	O
+a	O
+long	O
+tradition	O
+of	O
+collaboration	O
+.	O
+The	O
+rapidly	O
+expanding	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+scholarly	I-KEY
+communication	I-KEY
+environment	O
+offers	O
+important	O
+new	O
+opportunities	O
+for	O
+cooperation	O
+and	O
+for	O
+innovative	O
+new	O
+models	O
+of	O
+publishing	O
+.	O
+The	O
+economics	B-KEY
+of	O
+libraries	O
+and	O
+scholarly	O
+publishers	O
+have	O
+strained	O
+the	O
+working	O
+relationship	O
+and	O
+promoted	O
+debates	O
+on	O
+important	O
+information	B-KEY
+policy	I-KEY
+issues	O
+.	O
+This	O
+article	O
+explores	O
+the	O
+context	O
+for	O
+advancing	O
+the	O
+partnership	O
+,	O
+cites	O
+examples	O
+of	O
+joint	O
+efforts	O
+in	O
+electronic	B-KEY
+publishing	I-KEY
+,	O
+and	O
+presents	O
+an	O
+action	O
+plan	O
+for	O
+working	O
+together	O
+
+Fusion	O
+of	O
+qualitative	B-KEY
+bond	I-KEY
+graph	I-KEY
+and	O
+genetic	B-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+:	O
+A	O
+fault	B-KEY
+diagnosis	I-KEY
+application	O
+In	O
+this	O
+paper	O
+,	O
+the	O
+problem	O
+of	O
+fault	B-KEY
+diagnosis	I-KEY
+via	O
+integration	O
+of	O
+genetic	B-KEY
+algorithms	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+GA	O
+'s	O
+-RRB-	O
+and	O
+qualitative	B-KEY
+bond	I-KEY
+graphs	I-KEY
+-LRB-	O
+QBG	O
+'s	O
+-RRB-	O
+is	O
+addressed	O
+.	O
+We	O
+suggest	O
+that	O
+GA	O
+'s	O
+can	O
+be	O
+used	O
+to	O
+search	O
+for	O
+possible	O
+fault	B-KEY
+components	I-KEY
+among	O
+a	O
+system	O
+of	O
+qualitative	B-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
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+The	O
+QBG	O
+is	O
+adopted	O
+as	O
+the	O
+modeling	O
+scheme	O
+to	O
+generate	O
+a	O
+set	O
+of	O
+qualitative	B-KEY
+equations	I-KEY
+.	O
+The	O
+qualitative	B-KEY
+bond	I-KEY
+graph	I-KEY
+provides	O
+a	O
+unified	O
+approach	O
+for	O
+modeling	O
+engineering	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+,	O
+in	O
+particular	O
+,	O
+mechatronic	B-KEY
+systems	I-KEY
+.	O
+In	O
+order	O
+to	O
+demonstrate	O
+the	O
+performance	O
+of	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+,	O
+we	O
+have	O
+tested	O
+the	O
+proposed	O
+algorithm	O
+on	O
+an	O
+in-house	O
+designed	O
+and	O
+built	O
+floating	B-KEY
+disc	I-KEY
+experimental	O
+setup	O
+.	O
+Results	O
+from	O
+fault	B-KEY
+diagnosis	I-KEY
+in	O
+the	O
+floating	B-KEY
+disc	I-KEY
+system	O
+are	O
+presented	O
+and	O
+discussed	O
+.	O
+Additional	O
+measurements	O
+will	O
+be	O
+required	O
+to	O
+localize	O
+the	O
+fault	O
+when	O
+more	O
+than	O
+one	O
+fault	O
+candidate	O
+is	O
+inferred	O
+.	O
+Fault	B-KEY
+diagnosis	I-KEY
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+activated	O
+by	O
+a	O
+fault	O
+detection	O
+mechanism	O
+when	O
+a	O
+discrepancy	O
+between	O
+measured	B-KEY
+abnormal	I-KEY
+behavior	I-KEY
+and	O
+predicted	B-KEY
+system	I-KEY
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+observed	O
+.	O
+The	O
+fault	O
+detection	O
+mechanism	O
+is	O
+not	O
+presented	O
+here	O
+