Discrete output feedback sliding mode control of second order systems - a moving switching line approach The sliding mode control systems -LRB- SMCS -RRB- for which the switching variable is designed independent of the initial conditions are known to be sensitive to parameter variations and extraneous disturbances during the reaching phase . For second order systems this drawback is eliminated by using the moving switching line technique where the switching line is initially designed to pass the initial conditions and is subsequently moved towards a predetermined switching line . In this paper , we make use of the above idea of moving switching line together with the reaching law approach to design a discrete output feedback sliding mode control . The main contributions of this work are such that we do not require to use system states as it makes use of only the output samples for designing the controller . and by using the moving switching line a low sensitivity system is obtained through shortening the reaching phase . Simulation results show that the fast output sampling feedback guarantees sliding motion similar to that obtained using state feedback

B I I B I I O O O O O O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I

sliding mode control
switching variable
parameter variations
moving switching line
discrete output feedback
fast output sampling feedback
state feedback


A design to cost system for innovative product development Presents a prototype object-oriented and rule-based system for product cost modelling and design for automation at an early design stage . The developed system comprises a computer aided design -LRB- CAD -RRB- solid modelling system , a material selection module , a knowledge-based system -LRB- KBS -RRB- , a process optimization module , a design for assembly module , a cost estimation module and a user interface . Two manufacturing processes , namely machining and injection moulding processes , were considered in the developed system . The main function of the system , besides estimating the product cost , is to generate initial process planning , including the generation and selection of machining processes , their sequence and their machining parameters , and to recommend the most economical assembly technique for a product and provide design improvement suggestions based on a design feasibility technique . In addition , a feature-by-feature cost estimation report is generated using the proposed system to highlight the features of high manufacturing cost . Two case studies were used to validate the developed system

O B I I I O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I I O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

design to cost system
innovative product development
product cost modelling
design for automation
material selection module
process optimization module
design for assembly module
cost estimation module
user interface
machining
injection moulding
process planning

computer aided design solid modelling system


Re-examining the machining frictional boundary conditions using fractals Presents experimental evidence for the existence of non-Euclidean contact geometry at the tool-chip interface in the machining of aluminium alloy , which challenges conventional assumptions . The geometry of contact at the tool rake face is modelled using fractals and a dimension is computed for its description . The variation in the fractal dimension with the cutting speed is explored

O O B I I I O B O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O


Nonlinear systems arising from nonisothermal , non-Newtonian Hele-Shaw flows in the presence of body forces and sources In this paper , we first give a formal derivation of several systems of equations for injection moulding . This is done starting from the basic equations for nonisothermal , non-Newtonian flows in a three-dimensional domain . We derive systems for both -LRB- T/sup 0 / , p/sup 0 / -RRB- and -LRB- T/sup 1 / , p/sup 1 / -RRB- in the presence of body forces and sources . We find that body forces and sources have a nonlinear effect on the systems . We also derive a nonlinear `` Darcy law '' . Our formulation includes not only the pressure gradient , but also body forces and sources , which play the role of a nonlinearity . Later , we prove the existence of weak solutions to certain boundary value problems and initial-boundary value problems associated with the resulting equations for -LRB- T/sup 0 / , p/sup 0 / -RRB- but in a more general mathematical setting

B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

injection moulding
body forces
sources
darcy law
nonlinear systems
boundary value problems


The effects of emotions on bounded rationality : a comment on Kaufman Bruce Kaufman 's article -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , `` Emotional arousal as a source of bounded rationality '' , objective is to present an additional source of bounded rationality , one that is not due to cognitive constraints , but to high emotional arousal . In doing so , Kaufman is following a long tradition of thinkers who have contrasted emotion with reason , claiming , for the most part , that emotions are a violent force hindering rational thinking . This paper aims to challenge Kaufman 's unidimensional idea regarding the connection between high emotional arousal and decision making

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

bounded rationality
decision making
rational thinking
emotion


Underground poetry , collecting poetry , and the librarian A powerful encounter with underground poetry and its important role in poetry , literature , and culture is discussed . The acquisitions difficulties encountered in the unique publishing world of underground poetry are introduced . Strategies for acquiring underground poetry for library collections are proposed , including total immersion and local focus , with accompanying action

B I O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

librarian
underground poetry
publishing
library collections
literature
culture


Optimization of planning an advertising campaign of goods and services A generalization of the mathematical model and operations research problems formulated on its basis , which were presented by Belenky -LRB- 2001 -RRB- in the framework of an approach to planning an advertising campaign of goods and services , is considered , and corresponding nonlinear programming problems with linear constraints are formulated

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O

optimization
operations research
nonlinear programming


Teaching modeling in management science This essay discusses how we can most effectively teach Management Science to students in MBA or similar programs who will be , at best , part-time practitioners of these arts . I take as a working hypothesis the radical proposition that the heart of Management Science itself is not the impressive array of tools that have been built up over the years -LRB- optimization , simulation , decision analysis , queuing , and so on -RRB- but rather the art of reasoning logically with formal models . I believe it is necessary with this group of students to teach basic modeling skills , and in fact it is only when such students have these basic skills as a foundation that they are prepared to acquire the more sophisticated skills needed to employ Management Science . In this paper I present a hierarchy of modeling skills , from numeracy skills through sophisticated Management Science skills , as a framework within which to plan courses for the occasional practitioner

O B O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

management science
modeling
numeracy skills
formal models
decision analysis


Information interaction : providing a framework for information architecture Information interaction is the process that people use in interacting with the content of an information system . Information architecture is a blueprint and navigational aid to the content of information-rich systems . As such information architecture performs an important supporting role in information interactivity . This article elaborates on a model of information interactivity that crosses the `` no-man 's land '' between user and computer articulating a model that includes user , content and system , illustrating the context for information architecture

B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

information interaction
navigational aid
information interactivity


Acquiring materials in the history of science , technology , and medicine This article provides detailed advice on acquiring new , out-of-print , and rare materials in the history of science , technology , and medicine for the beginner in these fields . The focus is on the policy formation , basic reference tools , and methods of collection development and acquisitions that are the necessary basis for success in this endeavor

O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

science
technology
medicine
rare materials
policy formation
basic reference tools
collection development

out-of-print books
special collections
library acquisitions


A spatial rainfall simulator for crop production modeling in Southern Africa This paper describes a methodology for simulating rainfall in dekads across a set of spatial units in areas where long-term meteorological records are available for a small number of sites only . The work forms part of a larger simulation model of the food system in a district of Zimbabwe , which includes a crop production component for yields of maize , small grains and groundnuts . Only a limited number of meteorological stations are available within or surrounding the district that have long time series of rainfall records . Preliminary analysis of rainfall data for these stations suggested that intra-seasonal temporal correlation was negligible , but that rainfall at any given station was correlated with rainfall at neighbouring stations . This spatial correlation structure can be modeled using a multivariate normal distribution consisting of 30 related variables , representing dekadly rainfall in each of the 30 wards . For each ward , log-transformed rainfall for each of the 36 dekads in the year was characterized by a mean and standard deviation , which were interpolated from surrounding meteorological stations . A covariance matrix derived from a distance measure was then used to represent the spatial correlation between wards . Sets of random numbers were then drawn from this distribution to simulate rainfall across the wards in any given dekad . Cross-validation of estimated rainfall parameters against observed parameters for the one meteorological station within the district suggests that the interpolation process works well . The methodology developed is useful in situations where long-term climatic records are scarce and where rainfall shows pronounced spatial correlation , but negligible temporal correlation

O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O

simulating rainfall
crop production modeling
zimbabwe
covariance matrix
rainfall records
rainfall data
spatial correlation
multivariate normal distribution
southern africa


Global stability of the attracting set of an enzyme-catalysed reaction system The essential feature of enzymatic reactions is a nonlinear dependency of reaction rate on metabolite concentration taking the form of saturation kinetics . Recently , it has been shown that this feature is associated with the phenomenon of `` loss of system coordination '' -LRB- Liu , 1999 -RRB- . In this paper , we study a system of ordinary differential equations representing a branched biochemical system of enzyme-mediated reactions . We show that this system can become very sensitive to changes in certain maximum enzyme activities . In particular , we show that the system exhibits three distinct responses : a unique , globally-stable steady-state , large amplitude oscillations , and asymptotically unbounded solutions , with the transition between these states being almost instantaneous . It is shown that the appearance of large amplitude , stable limit cycles occurs due to a `` false '' bifurcation or canard explosion . The subsequent disappearance of limit cycles corresponds to the collapse of the domain of attraction of the attracting set for the system and occurs due to a global bifurcation in the flow , namely , a saddle connection . Subsequently , almost all nonnegative data become unbounded under the action of the dynamical system and correspond exactly to loss of system coordination . We discuss the relevance of these results to the possible consequences of modulating such systems

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

enzymatic reactions
nonlinear dependency
metabolite concentration
saturation kinetics
biochemical system
ordinary differential equations
saddle connection
stable limit cycles
bifurcation


Layer-based machining : recent development and support structure design There is growing interest in additive and subtractive shaping theories that are synthesized to integrate the layered manufacturing process and material removal process . Layer-based machining has emerged as a promising method for integrated additive and subtractive shaping theory . In the paper , major layer-based machining systems are reviewed and compared according to characteristics of stock layers , numerical control machining configurations , stacking operations , input format and raw materials . Support structure , a major issue in machining-based systems which has seldom been addressed in previous research , is investigated in the paper with considerations of four situations : floating overhang , cantilever , vaulted overhang and ceiling . Except for the floating overhang where a support structure should not be overlooked , the necessity for support structures for the other three situations is determined by stress and deflection analysis . This is demonstrated by the machining of a large castle model

O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I I O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O B I O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

layer-based machining
additive shaping theories


Three-dimensional optimum design of the cooling lines of injection moulds based on boundary element design sensitivity analysis A three-dimensional numerical simulation using the boundary element method is proposed , which can predict the cavity temperature distributions in the cooling stage of injection moulding . Then , choosing the radii and positions of cooling lines as design variables , the boundary integral sensitivity formulations are deduced . For the optimum design of cooling lines , the squared difference between the objective temperature and temperature of the cavity is taken as the objective function . Based on the optimization techniques with design sensitivity analysis , an iterative algorithm to reach the minimum value of the objective function is introduced , which leads to the optimum design of cooling lines at the same time

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

injection moulding
boundary element method
cavity temperature distributions
cooling stage
iterative algorithm
objective function
optimization

3d numerical simulation
boundary integral sensitivity analysis
heat conduction


The ultimate control group Empirical research on the organization of firms requires that firms be classified on the basis of their control structures . This should be done in a way that can potentially be made operational . It is easy to identify the ultimate controller of a hierarchical organization , and the literature has largely focused on this case . However , many organizational structures mix hierarchy with collective choice procedures such as voting , or use circular structures under which superiors are accountable to their subordinates . The author develops some analytic machinery that can be used to map the authority structures of such organizations , and show that under mild restrictions there is a well-defined ultimate control group . The results are consistent with intuitions about the nature of control in familiar economic settings

O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ultimate control group
hierarchical organization
organizational structures
authority structures

committees
control rights
firm organization


Managing safety and strategic stocks to improve materials requirements planning performance This paper provides a methodology for managing safety and strategic stocks in materials requirements planning -LRB- MRP -RRB- environments to face uncertainty in market demand . A set of recommended guidelines suggest where to position , how to dimension and when to replenish both safety and strategic stocks . Trade-offs between stock positioning and dimensioning and between stock positioning and replenishment order triggering are outlined . The study reveals also that most of the decisions are system specific , so that they should be evaluated in a quantitative manner through simulation . A case study is reported , where the benefits from adopting the new proposed methodology lie in achieving the target service level even under peak demand conditions , with the value of safety stocks as a whole growing only by about 20 per cent

O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O

mrp
materials requirements planning
market demand
strategic stocks
safety stocks
service level
peak demand

inventory management
variance control
stock replenishment


Innovative manufacture of impulse turbine blades for wave energy power conversion An innovative approach to the manufacture of impulse turbine blades using rapid prototyping , fused decomposition modelling -LRB- FDM -RRB- , is presented . These blades were designed and manufactured by the Wave Energy Research Team -LRB- WERT -RRB- at the University of Limerick for the experimental analysis of a 0.6 m impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes for wave energy power conversion . The computer aided design/manufacture -LRB- CAD/CAM -RRB- package Pro-Engineer 2000i was used for three-dimensional solid modelling of the individual blades . A detailed finite element analysis of the blades under centrifugal loads was performed using Pro-Mechanica . based on this analysis and FDM machine capabilities , blades were redesigned . Finally , Pro-E data were transferred to an FDM machine for the manufacture of turbine blades . The objective of this paper is to present the innovative method used to design , modify and manufacture blades in a time and cost effective manner using a concurrent engineering approach

O O O B I I O B I I I O O O O O O O B I I O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O

impulse turbine blades
wave energy power conversion
fused decomposition modelling
rapid prototyping
concurrent engineering
university of limerick
solid modelling
finite element analysis


All-optical logic NOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers The authors present a novel all-optical logic NOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical . amplifiers -LRB- SOAs -RRB- in a counterpropagating feedback configuration . This configuration accentuates the gain nonlinearity due to the mutual gain modulation of the two SOAs . The all-optical NOR gate feasibility has been demonstrated delivering an extinction ratio higher than 12 dB over a wide range of wavelength

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O


Blitzograms - interactive histograms As computers become ever faster , more and more procedures that were once viewed as iterative will continue to become instantaneous . The blitzogram is the application of this trend to histograms , which the author hopes will lead to a better tacit understanding of probability distributions among both students and managers . And this is not just an academic exercise . Commercial Monte Carlo simulation packages like @RISK and Crystal Ball , and my INSIGHT.xla are widely available

O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

blitzogram
histograms
probability distributions

mba
operations research
management science
statistics


An algorithm to generate all spanning trees with flow Spanning tree enumeration in undirected graphs is an important issue and task in many problems encountered in computer network and circuit analysis . This paper discusses the spanning tree with flow for the case that there are flow requirements between each node pair . An algorithm based on minimal paths -LRB- MPs -RRB- is proposed to generate all spanning trees without flow . The proposed algorithm is a structured approach , which splits the system into structural MPs first , and also all steps in it are easy to follow

O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

undirected graphs
spanning trees
minimal paths
circuit analysis


A comparison of the discounted utility model and hyperbolic discounting models in the case of social and private intertemporal preferences for health Whilst there is substantial evidence that hyperbolic discounting models describe intertemporal preferences for monetary outcomes better than the discounted utility -LRB- DU -RRB- model , there is only very limited evidence in the context of health outcomes . This study elicits private and social intertemporal preferences for non-fatal changes in health . Specific functional forms of the DU model and three hyperbolic models are fitted . The results show that the stationarity axiom is violated , and that the hyperbolic models fit the data better than the DU model . Intertemporal preferences for private and social decisions are found to be very similar

O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O

discounted utility model
hyperbolic discounting models
intertemporal preferences
health outcomes
social decisions


When a better interface and easy navigation are n't enough : examining the information architecture in a law enforcement agency An information architecture that allows users to easily navigate through a system and quickly recover from mistakes is often defined as a highly usable system . But usability in systems design goes beyond a good interface and efficient navigation . In this article we describe two database systems in a law enforcement agency . One system is a legacy , text-based system with cumbersome navigation -LRB- RMS -RRB- ; the newer system is a graphical user interface with simplified navigation -LRB- CopNet -RRB- . It is hypothesized that law enforcement users will evaluate CopNet higher than RMS , but experts of the older system will evaluate it higher than others will . We conducted two user studies . One study examined what users thought of RMS and CopNet , and compared RMS experts ' evaluations with nonexperts . We found that all users evaluated CopNet as more effective , easier to use , and easier to navigate than RMS , and this was especially noticeable for users who were not experts with the older system . The second , follow-up study examined use behavior after CopNet was deployed some time later . The findings revealed that evaluations of CopNet were not associated with its use . If the newer system had a better interface and was easier to navigate than the older , legacy system , why were law enforcement personnel reluctant to switch ? We discuss reasons why switching to a new system is difficult , especially for those who are most adept at using the older system . Implications for system design and usability are also discussed

O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I O B I O B O O O O O O B I I O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

information architecture
law enforcement agency
rms
graphical user interface
simplified navigation
copnet
law enforcement users


Modularity in technology and organization The paper is an attempt to raid both the literature on modular design and the literature on property rights to create the outlines of a modularity theory of the firm . Such a theory will look at firms , and other organizations , in terms of the partitioning of rights-understood as protected spheres of authority-among cooperating parties . It will assert that organizations reflect nonmodular structures , that is , structures in which decision rights , rights of alienation , and residual claims to income do not all reside in the same hands

B O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

modularity
technology
organization
property rights
cooperating parties
nonmodular structures
decision rights
rights of alienation

partitioning of rights
authority
transaction costs


An intelligent fuzzy decision system for a flexible manufacturing system with multi-decision points This paper describes an intelligent fuzzy decision support system for real-time scheduling and dispatching of parts in a flexible manufacturing system -LRB- FMS -RRB- , with alternative routing possibilities for all parts . A fuzzy logic approach is developed to improve the system performance by considering multiple performance measures and at multiple decision points . The characteristics of the system status , instead of parts , are fed back to assign priority to the parts waiting to be processed . A simulation model is developed and it is shown that the proposed intelligent fuzzy decision support system keeps all performance measures at a good level . The proposed intelligent system is a promising tool for dealing with scheduling FMSs , in contrast to traditional rules

O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O

flexible manufacturing system
fms
fuzzy logic
multiple decision points
scheduling
simulation

intelligent decision support system
real-time system


On emotion and bounded rationality : reply to Hanoch The author refers to the comment made by Hanoch -LRB- see ibid . vol .49 -LRB- 2000 -RRB- -RRB- on his model of bounded rationality and the role of the Yerkes-Dodson law and emotional arousal in it . The author points out that Hanoch 's comment , however , conspicuously fails to challenge - much less contradict - the central hypothesis of his paper . In addition , several of Hanoch 's criticisms are based on a wrong characterization of the positions

O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

yerkes-dodson law
decision-making
psychology


World 's biggest battery helps to stabilise Alaska In this paper , the author describes a battery energy storage system which is under construction to provide voltage compensation in support of Alaska 's 138 kV Northern Intertie

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O

battery energy storage system
voltage compensation
138 kv

power system stabilisation
usa
interconnected power systems
77 mw


Designing a new urban Internet The parallel between designing a Web site and the construction of a building is a familiar one , but how often do we think of the Internet as having parks and streets ? It would be absurd to say that the Internet could ever take the place of real , livable communities ; however , it is safe to say that the context for using the Internet is on a path of change . As the Internet evolves beyond a simple linkage of disparate Web sites and applications , the challenge for Information Architects is establishing a process by which to structure , organize , and design networked environments . The principles that guide New Urbanism can offer much insight into networked electronic environment design . At the core of every New Urbanism principle is the idea of `` wholeness '' - of making sure that neighborhoods and communities are knit together in a way that supports civic activities , economic development , efficient ecosystems , aesthetic beauty , and human interaction

O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

web site
internet
information architects
networked environments
networked electronic environment design
communities

private-public sector cooperation
global information networks


Four factors influencing the fair market value of out-of print books . 2 Fot pt .1 see ibid. , p.71-8 -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Data from the fifty-six titles examined qualitatively in the Patterson study are examined quantitatively . In addition to the four factors of edition , condition , dust jacket , and autograph that were hypothesized to influence the value of a book , four other factors for which information was available in the data were examined

O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

out-of-print books
quantitative analysis
pricing
economics
publisher


Acquisitions in the James Ford Bell Library This article presents basic acquisitions philosophy and approaches in a noted special collection , with commentary on `` just saying no '' and on how the electronic revolution has changed the acquisition of special collections materials

O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O

james ford bell library
special collections
electronic revolution

library acquisitions philosophy
out-of-print books
university library


Causes of the decline of the business school management science course The business school management science course is suffering serious decline . The traditional model - and algorithm-based course fails to meet the needs of MBA programs and students . Poor student mathematical preparation is a reality , and is not an acceptable justification for poor teaching outcomes . Management science Ph.D. s are often poorly prepared to teach in a general management program , having more experience and interest in algorithms than management . The management science profession as a whole has focused its attention on algorithms and a narrow subset of management problems for which they are most applicable . In contrast , MBA 's rarely encounter problems that are suitable for straightforward application of management science tools , living instead in a world where problems are ill-defined , data is scarce , time is short , politics is dominant , and rational `` decision makers '' are non-existent . The root cause of the profession 's failure to address these issues seems to be -LRB- in Russell Ackoff 's words -RRB- a habit of professional introversion that caused the profession to be uninterested in what MBA 's really do on the job and how management science can help them

O O O O O O B I I I I O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O


Prospects for quantitative computed tomography imaging in the presence of foreign metal bodies using statistical image reconstruction X-ray computed tomography -LRB- CT -RRB- images of patients bearing metal intracavitary applicators or other metal foreign objects exhibit severe artifacts including streaks and aliasing . We have systematically evaluated via computer simulations the impact of scattered radiation , the polyenergetic spectrum , and measurement noise on the performance of three reconstruction algorithms : conventional filtered backprojection -LRB- FBP -RRB- , deterministic iterative deblurring , and a new iterative algorithm , alternating minimization -LRB- AM -RRB- , based on a CT detector model that includes noise , scatter , and polyenergetic spectra . Contrary to the dominant view of the literature , FBP streaking artifacts are due mostly to mismatches between FBP 's simplified model of CT detector response and the physical process of signal acquisition . Artifacts on AM images are significantly mitigated as this algorithm substantially reduces detector-model mismatches . However , metal artifacts are reduced to acceptable levels only when prior knowledge of the metal object in the patient , including its pose , shape , and attenuation map , are used to constrain AM 's iterations . AM image reconstruction , in combination with object-constrained CT to estimate the pose of metal objects in the patient , is a promising approach for effectively mitigating metal artifacts and making quantitative estimation of tissue attenuation coefficients a clinical possibility

O O B I I I O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O B O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

metal artifact reduction
brachytherapy
medical diagnostic imaging
signal acquisition physical process
object-constrained ct


Matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck area : Development of method and validation Positron emission tomography -LRB- PET -RRB- provides important information on tumor biology , but lacks detailed anatomical information . Our aim in the present study was to develop and validate an automatic registration method for matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck . Three difficulties in achieving this goal are -LRB- 1 -RRB- nonrigid motions of the neck can hamper the use of automatic ridged body transformations ; -LRB- 2 -RRB- emission scans contain too little anatomical information to apply standard image fusion methods ; and -LRB- 3 -RRB- no objective way exists to quantify the quality of the match results . These problems are solved as follows : accurate and reproducible positioning of the patient was achieved by using a radiotherapy treatment mask . The proposed method makes use of the transmission rather than the emission scan . To obtain sufficient -LRB- anatomical -RRB- information for matching , two bed positions for the transmission scan were included in the protocol . A mutual information-based algorithm was used as a registration technique . PET and CT data were obtained in seven patients . Each patient had two CT scans and one PET scan . The datasets were used to estimate the consistency by matching PET to CT/sub 1 / , CT/sub 1 / to CT/sub 2 / , and CT/sub 2 / to PET using the full circle consistency test . It was found that using our method , consistency could be obtained of 4 mm and 1.3 degrees on average . The PET voxels used for registration were 5.15 mm , so the errors compared quite favorably with the voxel size . Cropping the images -LRB- removing the scanner bed from images -RRB- did not improve the consistency of the algorithm . The transmission scan , however , could potentially be reduced to a single position using this approach . In conclusion , the represented algorithm and validation technique has several features that are attractive from both theoretical and practical point of view , it is a user-independent , automatic validation technique for matching CT and PET scans of the head and neck , which gives the opportunity to compare different image enhancements

O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O B I

tumor biology
anatomical information
automatic registration method
head
neck
nonrigid motions
automatic ridged body transformations
standard image fusion methods
radiotherapy treatment mask
bed positions
transmission scan
registration technique
patients
full circle consistency test
errors
scanner bed
image enhancements

user-independent automatic validation technique


Four factors influencing the fair market value of out-of-print books .1 Four factors -LRB- edition , condition , dust jacket , and autograph -RRB- that are hypothesized to influence the value of books are identified and linked to basic economic principles , which are explained . A sample of fifty-six titles is qualitatively examined to test the hypothesis

O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Emotion and self-control A biology-based model of choice is used to examine time-inconsistent preferences and the problem of self-control . Emotion is shown to be the biological substrate of choice , in that emotional systems assign value to ` goods ' in the environment and also facilitate the learning of expectations regarding alternative options for acquiring those goods . A third major function of the emotional choice systems is motivation . Self-control is shown to be the result of a problem with the inhibition of the motive force of emotion , where this inhibition is necessary for higher level deliberation

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O

inhibition
learning
emotional choice systems
emotion

choice model
time-inconsistent preferences
self-control


Nonlockability in multirings and hypercubes at serial transmission of data blocks For the multiring and hypercube , a method of conflictless realization of an arbitrary permutation of `` large '' data items that can be divided into many `` smaller '' data blocks was considered , and its high efficiency was demonstrated

B O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

data block serial transmission
multiprocessor computer systems


The set of stable polynomials of linear discrete systems : its geometry The multidimensional stability domain of linear discrete systems is studied . Its configuration is determined from the parameters of its intersection with coordinate axes , coordinate planes , and certain auxiliary planes . Counterexamples for the discrete variant of the Kharitonov theorem are given

O O O B I O B I I O O B O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O

stable polynomials
kharitonov theorem
linear discrete systems
geometry
multidimensional stability domain


Stochastic systems with a random jump in phase trajectory : stability of their motions The probabilistic stability of the perturbed motion of a system with parameters under the action of a general Markov process is studied . The phase vector is assumed to experience random jumps when the structure the system suffers random jumps . Such a situation is encountered , for example , in the motion of a solid with random jumps in its mass . The mean-square stability of random-structure linear systems and stability . of nonlinear systems in the first approximation are studied . The applied approach is helpful in studying the asymptotic probabilistic stability and mean-square exponential stability of stochastic systems through the stability of the respective deterministic systems

B I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O

stochastic systems
random jump
phase trajectory
general markov process
asymptotic probabilistic stability


Optimization of the characteristics of computational processes in scalable resources The scalableness of resources is taken to mean the possibility of the prior change in the obtained dynamic characteristics of computational processes for a certain basic set of processors and the communication medium in an effort to optimize the dynamics of software applications . A method is put forward for the generation of optimal strategies-a set of the versions of the fulfillment of programs on the basis of a vector criterion . The method is urgent for the effective use of resources of computational clusters and metacomputational media and also for dynamic control of processes in real time on the basis of the static scaling

O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I

computational processes
scalable resources
dynamic characteristics
communication medium
software applications
vector criterion
computational clusters
metacomputational media
dynamic control
static scaling


An application of fuzzy linear regression to the information technology in Turkey Fuzzy set theory deals with the vagueness of human thought . A major contribution of fuzzy set theory is its capability of representing vague knowledge . Fuzzy set theory is very practical when sufficient and reliable data is n't available . Information technology -LRB- IT -RRB- is the acquisition , processing , storage and dissemination of information in all its forms -LRB- auditory , pictorial , textual and numerical -RRB- through a combination of computers , telecommunication , networks and electronic devices . IT includes matters concerned with the furtherance of computer science and technology , design , development , installation and implementation of information systems and applications . In the paper , assuming that there are n independent variables and the regression function is linear , the possible levels of information technology -LRB- the sale levels of computer equipment -RRB- in Turkey are forecasted by using fuzzy linear regression . The independent variables assumed are the import level and the export level of computer equipment

O O O B I I O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O B I O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fuzzy linear regression
information technology
turkey
it
computers
telecommunication
electronic devices
computer science
information systems
regression function

vague knowledge representation
computer technology
computer equipment export level


Control of combustion processes in an internal combustion engine by low-temperature plasma A new method of operation of internal combustion engines enhances power and reduces fuel consumption and exhaust toxicity . Low-temperature plasma control combines working processes of thermal engines and steam machines into a single process

O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O O

combustion processes
internal combustion engine
fuel consumption
exhaust toxicity
working processes
thermal engines
steam machines


Ideal sliding mode in the problems of convex optimization The characteristics of the sliding mode that appears with using continuous convex-programming algorithms based on the exact penalty functions were discussed . For the case under study , the ideal sliding mode was shown to occur in the absence of infinite number of switchings

B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O

ideal sliding mode
convex optimization
exact penalty functions


The effects of asynchronous computer-mediated group interaction on group processes This article reports a study undertaken to investigate some of the social psychological processes underlying computer-supported group discussion in natural computer-mediated contexts . Based on the concept of deindividuation , it was hypothesized that personal identifiability and group identity would be important factors that affect the perceptions and behavior of members of computer-mediated groups . The degree of personal identifiability and the strength of group identity were manipulated across groups of geographically dispersed computer users who took part in e-mail discussions during a 2-week period . The results do not support the association between deindividuation and uninhibited behavior cited in much previous research . Instead , the data provide some support for a social identity perspective of computer-mediated communication , which explains the higher levels uninhibited in identifiable computer-mediated groups . However , predictions based on social identity theory regarding group polarization and group cohesion were not supported . Possible explanations for this are discussed and further research is suggested to resolve these discrepancies

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

group processes
deindividuation
personal identifiability
group identity
geographically dispersed computer users
social identity theory
group polarization
group cohesion


Pervasive computing goes to work : interfacing to the enterprise The paperless office is an idea whose time has come , and come , and come again . To see how pervasive computing applications might bring some substance to this dream , the author spoke recently with key managers and technologists at McKesson Corporation -LRB- San Francisco -RRB- , a healthcare supplier , service , and technology company with US$ 50 billion in sales last year , and also at AvantGo -LRB- Hayward , Calif. -RRB- , a provider of mobile infrastructure software and services . For the past several years , McKesson has used mobility middleware developed by AvantGo to deploy major supply chain applications with thousands of pervasive clients and multiple servers that replace existing paper-based tracking systems . According to McKesson 's managers , their system greatly reduced errors and associated costs caused by redelivery or loss of valuable products , giving McKesson a solid return on its investment

O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

paperless office
pervasive clients
multiple servers

mobile workers
enterprise resource planning
data warehousing


The social impact of Internet gambling Technology has always played a role in the development of gambling practices and continues to provide new market opportunities . One of the fastest growing areas is that of Internet gambling . The effect of such technologies should not be accepted uncritically , particularly as there may be areas of potential concern based on what is known about problem gambling offline . This article has three aims . First , it overviews some of the main social concerns about the rise of Internet gambling . Second , it looks at the limited research that has been carried out in this area . Third , it examines whether Internet gambling is doubly addictive , given research that suggests that the Internet can be addictive itself . It is concluded that technological developments in Internet gambling will increase the potential for problem gambling globally , but that many of the ideas and speculations outlined in this article need to be addressed further by large-scale empirical studies

O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

social impact
internet gambling
market opportunities
technological developments


Explanations for the perpetration of and reactions to deception in a virtual community Cases of identity deception on the Internet are not uncommon . Several cases of a revealed identity deception have been reported in the media . The authors examine a case of deception in an online community composed primarily of information technology professionals . In this case , an established community member -LRB- DF -RRB- invented a character -LRB- Nowheremom -RRB- whom he fell in love with and who was eventually killed in a tragic accident . When other members of the community eventually began to question Nowheremom 's actual identity , DF admitted that he invented her . The discussion board was flooded with reactions to DF 's revelation . The authors propose several explanations for the perpetration of identity deception , including psychiatric illness , identity play , and expressions of true self . They also analyze the reactions of community members and propose three related explanations -LRB- social identity , deviance , and norm violation -RRB- to account for their reactions . It is argued that virtual communities ' reactions to such threatening events provide invaluable clues for the study of group processes on the Internet

O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B

virtual community
identity deception
internet
online community
information technology professionals
psychiatric illness
group processes

social processes
web sites
psychology
bulletin boards


Extended depth-of-focus imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence from intact leaves Imaging dynamic changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence provides a valuable means with which to examine localised changes in photosynthetic function . Microscope-based systems provide excellent spatial resolution which allows the response of individual cells to be measured . However , such systems have a restricted depth of focus and , as leaves are inherently uneven , only a small proportion of each image at any given focal plane is in focus . In this report we describe the development of algorithms , specifically adapted for imaging chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic function in living plant cells , which allow extended-focus images to be reconstructed from images taken in different focal planes . We describe how these procedures can be used to reconstruct images of chlorophyll fluorescence and calculated photosynthetic parameters , as well as producing a map of leaf topology . The robustness of this procedure is demonstrated using leaves from a number of different plant species

O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

chlorophyll fluorescence
intact leaves
plant species
calculated photosynthetic parameters
spatial resolution

extended depth-of-focus imaging
leaf topology map
individual cells response
microscope-based systems
charge-coupled device
maximum fluorescence yield
minimum fluorescence yield
variable fluorescence
numerical aperture
primary quinone acceptor
algorithms development
extended-focus images reconstruction
biophysical research technique


Linear models of circuits based on the multivalued components Linearization and planarization of the circuit models is pivotal to the submicron technologies . On the other hand , the characteristics of the VLSI circuits can be sometimes improved by using the multivalued components . It was shown that any l-level circuit based on the multivalued components is representable as an algebraic model based on l linear arithmetic polynomials mapped correspondingly into l decision diagrams that are linear and planar by nature . Complexity of representing a circuit as the linear decision diagram was estimated as O -LRB- G -RRB- with G for the number of multivalued components in the circuit . The results of testing the LinearDesignMV algorithm on circuits of more than 8000 LGSynth 93 multivalued components were presented

O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I I O O

linearization
planarization
submicron technologies
vlsi circuits
linear arithmetic polynomials
lineardesignmv algorithm
lgsynth 93 multivalued components

linear circuit model
linear planar decision diagrams
circuit representation complexity


Flexibility analysis of complex technical systems under uncertainty An important problem in designing technical systems under partial uncertainty of the initial physical , chemical , and technological data is the determination of a design in which the technical system is flexible , i.e. , its control system is capable of guaranteeing that the constraints hold even under changes in external and internal factors and application of fuzzy mathematical models in its design . Three flexibility problems , viz. , the flexibility of a technical system of given structure , structural flexibility of a technical system , and the optimal design guaranteeing the flexibility of a technical system , are studied . Two approaches to these problems are elaborated . Results of a computation experiment are given

B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

flexibility analysis
complex technical systems
partial uncertainty
control system
fuzzy mathematical models
structural flexibility
optimal design


Synchronizing experiments with linear interval systems Concerns generalized control problems without exact information . <P> A method of constructing a minimal synchronizing sequence for a linear interval system over the field of real numbers is developed . This problem is reduced to a system of linear inequalities

B I O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I

synchronizing experiments
linear interval systems
real numbers
linear inequalities
generalized control problems

minimal synchronizing sequence construction


Online longitudinal survey research : viability and participation This article explores the viability of conducting longitudinal survey research using the Internet in samples exposed to trauma . A questionnaire battery assessing psychological adjustment following adverse life experiences was posted online . Participants who signed up to take part in the longitudinal aspect of the study were contacted 3 and 6 months after initial participation to complete the second and third waves of the research . Issues of data screening and sample attrition rates are considered and the demographic profiles and questionnaire scores of those who did and did not take part in the study during successive time points are compared . The results demonstrate that it is possible to conduct repeated measures survey research online and that the similarity in characteristics between those who do and do not take part during successive time points mirrors that found in traditional pencil-and-paper trauma surveys

B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O

online longitudinal survey research
internet
trauma
questionnaire
psychological adjustment
data screening
sample attrition rates
demographic profiles


The p-p rearrangement and failure-tolerance of double p-ary multirings and generalized hypercubes It is shown that an arbitrary grouped p-element permutation can be implemented in a conflict-free way through the commutation of channels on the double p-ary multiring or the double p-ary hypercube . It is revealed that in arbitrary single-element permutations , these commutators display the property of the -LRB- p-1 -RRB- - nodal failure-tolerance and the generalized hypercube displays in addition the property of the -LRB- p-1 -RRB- - channel failure-tolerance

O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

p-p rearrangement
failure-tolerance
double p-ary multirings
p-element permutation
conflict-free implementation
single-element permutations


A nonlinear time-optimal control problem Sufficient conditions for the existence of an optimal control in a time-optimal control problem with fixed ends for a smooth nonlinear control system are formulated . The properties of this system for characterizing the optimal control switching points are studied

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O

smooth nonlinear control system
optimal control switching points

nonlinear time-optimal control problem
sufficient existence conditions


`` Hidden convexity '' of finite-dimensional stationary linear discrete-time systems under conical constraints New properties of finite-dimensional linear discrete-time systems under conical control constraints that are similar to the `` hidden convexity '' of continuous-time systems are studied

O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O


A universal decomposition of the integration range for exponential functions The problem of determining the independent constants for decomposition of the integration range of exponential functions was solved on the basis of a similar approach to polynomials . The constants obtained enable one to decompose the integration range in two so that the integrals over them are equal independently of the function parameters . For the nontrigonometrical polynomials of even functions , an alternative approach was presented

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O

exponential functions
polynomials
even functions

integration range universal decomposition


Control in active systems based on criteria and motivation For active systems where the principal varies the agents ' goal functions by adding to them appropriately weighted goal functions of other agents or a balanced system of inter-agent transfers , the paper formulated and solved the problems of control based on criteria and motivation . Linear active systems were considered by way of example

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O

inter-agent transfers
criteria-based control
motivation-based control


Solutions for cooperative games A new concept of the characteristic function is defined . It matches cooperative games far better than the classical characteristic function and is useful in reducing the number of decisions that can be used as the unique solution of a game

O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O

cooperative games
characteristic function
decisions
unique solution


Allan variance and fractal Brownian motion Noise filtering is the subject of a voluminous literature in radio engineering . The methods of filtering require knowledge of the frequency response , which is usually unknown . D.W. Allan -LRB- see Proc . IEEE , vol .54 , no. 2 , p.221-30 , 1966 ; IEEE Trans . Instr . Measur. , vol.IM-36 , p.646-54 , 1987 -RRB- proposed a simple method of determining the interval between equally accurate observations which does without this information . In this method , the variances of the increments of noise and signal are equal , so that , in observations with a greater step , the variations caused by noise are smaller than those caused by the signal . This method is the standard accepted by the USA metrology community . The present paper is devoted to a statistical analysis of the Allan method and acquisition of additional information

B I O B I I B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

allan variance
fractal brownian motion
noise filtering
radio engineering
frequency response
usa metrology community
statistical analysis


Internet-based psychological experimenting : five dos and five do n'ts Internet-based psychological experimenting is presented as a method that needs careful consideration of a number of issues-from potential data corruption to revealing confidential information about participants . Ten issues are grouped into five areas of actions to be taken when developing an Internet experiment -LRB- dos -RRB- and five errors to be avoided -LRB- do n'ts -RRB- . Dos include : -LRB- a -RRB- utilizing dropout as a dependent variable , -LRB- b -RRB- the use of dropout to detect motivational confounding , -LRB- c -RRB- placement of questions for personal information , -LRB- d -RRB- using a collection of techniques , and -LRB- e -RRB- using Internet-based tools . Do n'ts are about : -LRB- a -RRB- unprotected directories , -LRB- b -RRB- public access to confidential data , -LRB- c -RRB- revealing the experiment 's structure , -LRB- d -RRB- ignoring the Internet 's technical variance , and -LRB- e -RRB- improper use of form elements

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

data corruption
dropout
motivational confounding
personal information
unprotected directories


System embedding . Polynomial equations The class of solutions of the polynomial equations including their generalizations in the form of the Bezout matrix identities was constructed analytically using the technology of constructive system embedding . The structure of a solution depends on the number of steps of the Euclidean algorithm and is obtained explicitly by appropriate substitutions . Illustrative and descriptive examples are presented

O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

polynomial equations
bezout matrix identities
constructive system embedding
euclidean algorithm


Automation of the recovery of efficiency of complex structure systems Basic features are set forth of the method for automation of the serviceability recovery of systems of complex structures in real time without the interruption of operation . Specific features of the method are revealed in an important example of the system of control of hardware components of ships

O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B

serviceability recovery
complex structure systems
ships
hardware components


Location of transport nets on a heterogeneous territory The location of transport routes on a heterogeneous territory is studied . The network joins a given set of terminal points and a certain number of additional -LRB- branch -RRB- points . The problem is formulated , properties of the optimal solution for a. tree-like network , and the number of branch points are studied . A stepwise optimization algorithm for a. network with given adjacency matrix based on an algorithm for constructing minimal-cost routes is designed

O O B I O O B I O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O

transport nets
heterogeneous territory
transport routes
terminal points
branch points
stepwise optimization algorithm
adjacency matrix


Computer-mediated communication and remote management : integration or isolation ? The use of intranets and e-mails to communicate with remote staff is increasing rapidly within organizations . For many companies this is viewed as a speedy and cost-effective way of keeping in contact with staff and ensuring their continuing commitment to company goals . This article highlights the problems experienced by staff when managers use intranets and e-mails in an inappropriate fashion for these purposes . Issues of remoteness and isolation are discussed , along with the reports of frustration and disidentification experienced . However , it will be shown that when used appropriately , communication using these technologies can facilitate shared understanding and help remote staff to view their company as alive and exciting . Theoretical aspects are highlighted and the implications of these findings are discussed

O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

remote management
intranets
remote staff
organizations
companies
managers
remoteness

computer-mediated communication
e-mails
cost-effective


Knowledge management-capturing the skills of key performers in the power industry The growing pressure to reduce the cost of electrical power in recent years has resulted in an enormous `` brain-drain '' within the power industry . A novel approach has been developed by Eskom to capture these skills before they are lost and to incorporate these into a computer-based programme called `` knowledge management ''

O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O

power industry
key performers
knowledge management
eskom

skills capture
brain-drain
computer-based programme
south africa
personnel management


Psychology and the Internet This article presents an overview of the way that the Internet is being used to assist psychological research and mediate psychological practice . It shows how psychologists are using the Internet to examine the interactions between people and computers , and highlights some of the ways that this research is important to the design and development of useable and acceptable computer systems . In particular , this introduction reviews the research presented at the International Conference on Psychology and the Internet held in the United Kingdom . The final part introduces the eight articles in this special edition . The articles are representative of the breadth of research being conducted on psychology and the Internet : there are two on methodological issues , three on group processes , one on organizational implications , and two on social implications of Internet use

B O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O B I O O O O B I O B O

internet
psychological research
social implications
psychology
organizational implications
group processes
methodological issues

human-computer interactions
usability
online research


A new approach to the problem of structural identification . II The subject under discussion is a new approach to the problem of structural identification , which relies on the recognition of a decisive role of the human factor in the process of structural identification . Potential possibilities of the suggested approach are illustrated by the statement of a new mathematical problem of structural identification

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I


Fault-tolerant computer-aided control systems with multiversion-threshold adaptation : adaptation methods , reliability estimation , and choice of an architecture For multiversion majority-redundant computer-aided control systems , systematization of adaptation methods that are stable to hardware and software failures , a method for estimating their reliability from an event graph model , and a method for selecting a standard architecture with regard for reliability requirements are studied

O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O

reliability estimation
architecture
event graph model

fault-tolerant computer-aided control systems


A fuzzy logic adaptation circuit for control systems of deformable space vehicles : its design A fuzzy-logic adaptation algorithm is designed for adjusting the discreteness period of a control system for ensuring the stability and quality of control process with regard to the elastic structural vibrations of a deformable space vehicle . Its performance is verified by digital modeling of a discrete control system with two objects

O B I I I O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O

fuzzy logic adaptation circuit
control systems
deformable space vehicles
discreteness period
stability
elastic structural vibrations
digital modeling


An optimal control algorithm based on reachability set approximation and linearization The terminal functional of a general control system is refined by studying an analogous problem for a variational system and regularization . A sequential refinement method is designed by combining the local approximation of the reachability set and reduction . The corresponding algorithm has relaxation properties . An illustrative example is given

O B I I O O B I I O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O

optimal control algorithm
reachability set approximation
linearization
terminal functional
variational system
regularization
sequential refinement method
local approximation
relaxation properties


Diagnosis of the technical state of heat systems A step-by-step approach to the diagnosis of the technical state of heat systems is stated . The class of physical defects is supplemented by the behavioral defects of objects , which are related to the disturbance of the modes of their operation . The implementation of the approach is illustrated by an example of the solution of a specific problem of the diagnosis of a closed heat consumption system

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

closed heat consumption system diagnosis


Collective action in the age of the Internet : mass communication and online mobilization This article examines how the Internet transforms collective action . Current practices on the Web bear witness to thriving collective action ranging from persuasive to confrontational , individual to collective , undertakings . Even more influential than direct calls for action is the indirect mobilizing influence of the Internet 's powers of mass communication , which is boosted by an antiauthoritarian ideology on the Web . Theoretically , collective action through the otherwise socially isolating computer is possible because people rely on internalized group memberships and social identities to achieve social involvement . Empirical evidence from an online survey among environmental activists and nonactivists confirms that online action is considered an equivalent alternative to offline action by activists and nonactivists alike . However , the Internet may slightly alter the motives underlying collective action and thereby alter the nature of collective action and social movements . Perhaps more fundamental is the reverse influence that successful collective action will have on the nature and function of the Internet

B I O O O O O B O B I O B I O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B

internet
mass communication
online mobilization
collective action
antiauthoritarian ideology
group memberships
social identities
online survey


Virtual engineering office : a state-of-the-art platform for engineering collaboration A sales force in Latin America , the design department in Europe , and production in Asia ? Arrangements of this kind are the new business reality for today 's global manufacturing companies . But how are such global operations to be effectively coordinated ? ABB 's answer was to develop and implement a new platform for high-performance , real-time collaboration . Globally distributed engineering teams can now work together , regardless of time , location or the CAD system they use , making ABB easier to do business with , for customers as well as suppliers

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O

virtual engineering office
business
global manufacturing companies
abb
cad system
globally distributed engineering teams

state-of-the-art
engineering collaboration platform


Real-time enterprise solutions for discrete manufacturing and consumer goods Customer satisfaction and a focus on core competencies have dominated the thinking of a whole host of industries in recent years . However , one outcome , the outsourcing of noncore activities , has made the production of goods-from order entry to final delivery-more and more complex . Suppliers , subsuppliers , producers and customers are therefore busy adopting a new , more collaborative approach . This is mainly taking the form of order-driven planning and scheduling of production , but it is also being steered by a need to reduce inventories and working capital as well as a desire to increase throughput and optimize production

O O O O B I O B I B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

discrete manufacturing
consumer goods
customer satisfaction
core competencies

real-time enterprise solutions
order-driven planning
production scheduling
working capital reduction
inventories reduction


Extinction cross sections of realistic raindrops : data-bank established using T-matrix method and nonlinear fitting technique A new computer program is developed based on the T-matrix method to generate a large number of total -LRB- extinction -RRB- cross sections -LRB- TCS -RRB- values of the realistic raindrops that are deformed due to a balance of the forces that act on a drop failing under gravity , and were described in shape by Pruppacher and Pitter -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . These data for various dimensions of the raindrops -LRB- mean effective radius from 0 to 3.25 mm -RRB- , frequencies -LRB- 10 to 80 GHz -RRB- , -LRB- horizontal and vertical -RRB- polarizations , and temperatures -LRB- 0 , 10 and 20 degrees C -RRB- are stored to establish a data bank . Furthermore , a curve fitting technique , i.e. , interpolation of order 3 , is implemented for the TCS values in the data bank . Therefore , the interpolated TCS results can be obtained readily from the interpolation process with negligible or even null computational time and efforts . Error analysis is carried out to show the high accuracy of the present analysis and applicability of the interpolation . At three operating frequencies of 15 , 21.225 , and 38 GHz locally used in Singapore , some new TCS values are obtained from the new fast and efficient interpolation with a good accuracy

B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O

extinction cross sections
realistic raindrops
error analysis
mean effective radius
gravity
interpolation
operating frequencies
singapore
computer program
38 ghz
10 to 80 ghz

data-bank
t-matrix method
total cross sections
temperature
horizontal polarization
vertical polarization
nonlinear curve fitting technique
shf
ehf
electromagnetic wave scattering
em wave scattering
15 ghz
21.225 ghz
0 to 3.25 mm
0 c
10 c
20 c


Data storage : re-format . Closely tracking a fast-moving sector In the past few years the data center market has changed dramatically , forcing many companies into consolidation or bankruptcy . Gone are the days when companies raised millions of dollars to acquire large industrial buildings and transform them into glittering , high-tech palaces filled with the latest telecommunication and data technology . Whereas manufacturers of communication technology deliver the racked equipment in these , often mission-critical , facilities , ABB focuses mainly on the building infrastructure . Besides the very important redundant power supply , ABB also provides the redundant air conditioning and the security system

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O B O O O B I I O O B I

building infrastructure
abb
redundant power supply
redundant air conditioning
security system

building management
data centers
mission-critical facilities
engineering management
project management
installation
commissioning


Post-haste . 100th robotic containerization system installed in US mail sorting center Spot welding , machine tending , material handling , picking , packing , painting , palletizing , assembly ... the list of tasks being performed by ABB robots keeps on growing . Adding to this portfolio is a new robot containerization system -LRB- RCS -RRB- that ABB developed specifically for the United States Postal Service -LRB- USPS -RRB- . The RCS has brought new levels of speed , accuracy , efficiency and productivity to the process of sorting and containerizing mail and packages . Recently , the 100th ABB RCS was installed at the USPS processing and distribution center in Columbus , Ohio

O O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mail sorting center
robotic containerization system
abb robots
united states postal service


Pane relief . Robotic solutions for car windshield assembly Just looking through a car 's windshield does n't give us much reason to wonder about how it 's made . The idea that special manufacturing expertise might be required can hardly occur to anyone , but that 's exactly what is needed to ensure crystal-clear visibility , not to mention a perfect fit every time one is pressed into place on a car production line . Comprising two thin glass sheets joined by a vinyl interlayer , windshields are assembled-usually manually-to very precise product and environmental specifications . To make sure this is done as perfectly as possible , the industry invests heavily in the equipment used for their fabrication . ABB has now developed a robot-based Compact Assembling System for the automatic assembly of laminated windshields that speeds up production and increases cost efficiency

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I

manufacturing expertise
car production line
compact assembling system
production
cost efficiency
abb

laminated windshields assembly automation


Spectral characteristics of the linear systems over a bounded time interval Consideration was given to the spectral characteristics of the linear dynamic systems over a bounded time interval . Singular characteristics of standard dynamic blocks , transcendental characteristic equations , and partial spectra of the singular functions were studied . Relationship between the spectra under study and the classical frequency characteristic was demonstrated

B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O B I I O O B I I O B I O B I I O B I I O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O

spectral characteristics
bounded time interval
linear dynamic systems
singular characteristics
standard dynamic blocks
transcendental characteristic equations
partial spectra
singular functions
frequency characteristic


On the Beth properties of some intuitionistic modal logics Let L be one of the intuitionistic modal logics . As in the classical modal case , we define two different forms of the Beth property for L , which are denoted by B1 and B2 ; in this paper we study the relation among B1 , B2 and the interpolation properties C1 and C2 . It turns out that C1 implies B1 , but contrary to the boolean case , is not equivalent to B1 . It is shown that B2 and C2 are independent , and moreover it comes out that , in contrast to classical case , there exists an extension of the intuitionistic modal logic of S/sub 4 / - type , that has not the property B2 . Finally we give two algebraic properties , that characterize respectively B1 and B2

O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

beth properties
interpolation properties
intuitionistic modal logics


Reachability sets of a class of multistep control processes : their design An upper estimate and an iterative `` restriction '' algorithm for the reachability set for determining the optimal control for a class of multistep control processes are designed

B I O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O

reachability sets
multistep control processes
upper estimate
optimal control

discrete systems
iterative restriction algorithm


Generalized confidence sets for a statistically indeterminate random vector A problem is considered for the construction of confidence sets for a random vector , the information on distribution parameters of which is incomplete . To obtain exact estimates and a detailed analysis of the problem , the notion is introduced of a generalized confidence set for a statistically indeterminate random vector . Properties of generalized confidence sets are studied . It is shown that the standard method of estimation , which relies on the unification of confidence sets , leads in many cases to wider confidence estimates . For a normally distributed random vector with an inaccurately known mean value , generalized confidence sets are built tip and the dependence of sizes of a generalized confidence set on the forms and parameters of a set of possible mean values is examined

B I I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Industrial/sup IT / for performance buildings ABB has taken a close look at how buildings are used and has come up with a radical solution for the technical infrastructure that places the end-user 's processes at the center and integrates all the building 's systems around their needs . The new solution is based on the realization that tasks like setting up an office meeting , registering a hotel guest or moving a patient in a hospital , can all benefit from the same Industrial IT concepts employed by ABB to optimize manufacturing , for example in the automotive industry

O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O

abb
technical infrastructure
industrial it concepts

industrial/sup it/
building management system
building systems integration


Trusted ... or ... trustworthy : the search for a new paradigm for computer and network security This paper sets out a number of major questions and challenges which include : -LRB- a -RRB- just what is meant by ` trusted ' or ` trustworthy ' systems after 20 years of experience , or more likely , lack of business level experience , with the ` trusted computer system ' criteria anyway ; -LRB- b -RRB- does anyone really care about the adoption of international standards for computer system security evaluation by IT product and system manufacturers and suppliers -LRB- IS 15408 -RRB- and , if so , how does it all relate to business risk management anyway -LRB- IS 17799 -RRB- ; -LRB- c -RRB- with the explosion of adoption of the microcomputer and personal computer some 20 years ago , has the industry abandoned all that it learnt about security during the ` mainframe era ' ; or - ` whatever happened to MULTICS ' and its lessons ; -LRB- d -RRB- has education kept up with security requirements by industry and government alike in the need for safe and secure operation of large scale and networked information systems on national and international bases , particularly where Web or Internet-based information services are being proposed as the major ` next best thing ' in the IT industry ; -LRB- e -RRB- has the ` fourth generation ' of computer professionals inherited the spirit of information systems management and control that resided by necessity with the last ` generation ' , the professionals who developed and created the applications for shared mainframe and minicomputer systems ?

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

network security
international standards
is 15408
business risk management
is 17799
microcomputer
personal computer
multics
education
web
information systems management

fourth generation computer professionals


Optimize/sup IT / robot condition monitoring tool As robots have gained more and more ` humanlike ' capability , users have looked increasingly to their builders for ways to measure the critical variables-the robotic equivalent of a physical check-up-in order to monitor their condition and schedule maintenance more effectively . This is all the more essential considering the tremendous pressure there is to improve productivity in today 's global markets . Developed for ABB robots with an S4-family controller and based on the company 's broad process know-how , Optimize/sup IT / robot condition monitoring offers maintenance routines with embedded checklists that give a clear indication of a robot 's operating condition . It performs semi-automatic measurements that support engineers during trouble-shooting and enable action to be taken to prevent unplanned stops . By comparing these measurements with reference data , negative trends can be detected early and potential breakdowns predicted . Armed with all these features , Optimize/sup IT / robot condition monitoring provides the ideal basis for reliability-centered maintenance -LRB- RCM -RRB- for robots

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

optimize/sup it/ robot condition monitoring tool


Challenges and trends in discrete manufacturing Over 50 years ago , the 100,000 workers at Ford 's Rouge automobile factory turned out 1200 cars per day . Nowadays , Ford 's plant on that same site still produces 800 cars each day but with just 3000 workers . Similar stories abound in the manufacturing industries ; technology revolution and evolution ; a shift from vertical integration , better business and production practices and improved industrial relations-all have changed manufacturing beyond recognition . So what are the current challenges and trends in manufacturing ? Certainly , the relentless advance of technology will continue , as will user pressure for more customized design or improved environmental friendliness . Some trends are already with us and more , as yet indiscernible , will come . But one major , fundamental shift now resounding throughout industry is the way in which information involving every single aspect of the manufacturing process is being integrated into one seamless system

B O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

discrete manufacturing
challenges
automobile factory
technology revolution
production practices
trends

technology evolution
business practices
industrial relations
seamless manufacturing process


Press shop . Industrial IT solutions for the press shop Globalization of the world 's markets is challenging the traditional limits of manufacturing efficiency . The competitive advantage belongs to those who understand the new requirements and opportunities , and who commit to integrated solutions that span the value chain all the way from demand to production . ABB 's automation and IT expertise and the process know-how gained from its long involvement with the automotive industry , have been brought together in new , state-of-the-art software solutions for press shops . Integrated into Industrial IT architecture , they allow the full potential of the shops to be realized , with advantages at every step in the supply chain

O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

press shops
industrial it solutions
manufacturing efficiency
automation
software solutions
supply chain

market globalisation
state-of-the-art
car manufacturing business


Security crisis management - the basics Of the more pervasive problems in any kind of security event is how the security event is managed from the inception to the end . There 's a lot written about how to manage a specific incident or how to deal with a point problem such as a firewall log , but little tends to be written about how to deal with the management of a security event as part of corporate crisis management . This article discusses the basics of security crisis management and of the logical steps required to ensure that a security crisis does not get out of hand

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

security crisis management
security event
firewall log
corporate crisis management