Gulf develops network in Argentina with plan for 150 new sites by 2020
Ámbito online
02 August 2019 in Fuel Retailing
The US brand, with 116 years of history and presence in more than 100 countries, has opened its first station in Argentina, in the city of Buenos Aires through Delta Patagonia.
In a recent interview with Ámbito online - an Argentinian economic news portal - General Manager of Delta Patagonia, Eduardo Torrás, spoke about plans to compete and grow in a country in which only three companies dominate 90% of the market.
The opening of the first service station in Argentina in mid July, according to Torrás, was the “first milestone” in a long list of expansion plans, in which the company aims to earn a market share of up to 3%, with a strategy based on price and customer service.
After this, the company will be opening two more sites, one on the outskirts of Rosario and another in Córdoba capital. The plan is to have 50 stations this year and 100 more next year with a total of 150 stations in the country by the end of 2020, at an investment of ca. $8 million, as reported earlier this year.
According to Torrás, the company’s strategy in the country lies in an interesting and dynamic brand for consumers with broad international development and competitive prices. Due to the high concentration of players he believes there is room to compete and succeed through differentiation.
Torrás believes that "today the Argentine market is in line with the international market in terms of costs and prices.”


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Protect Your Child From Whooping Cough by Getting Immunized
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MADISON - Whooping cough – a bacterial disease characterized by a violent, debilitating cough – has been making a comeback.
Thought to be wiped out by the mid-1970s, this highly contagious disease has re-emerged, and continues to spread, with reported cases in every state. In 2015, 55 of Wisconsin's 72 counties reported cases, including Dane and Milwaukee.
"This is a truly tragic disease because both the child and family suffer for weeks before recovery is possible," says James Conway, MD, a UW Health pediatric infectious disease specialist. "Fortunately, most cases, and in particular severe cases, can be prevented by ensuring that whooping cough, or pertussis, vaccines are up to date."
This is particularly important to women who are pregnant, have just given birth as well as for those who have close contact with infants. Getting an adult vaccination for whooping cough with a Tdap vaccine can help prevent exposing babies to this potentially fatal disease.
"No one would dream of giving whooping cough to their baby intentionally, but it could happen," says Dr. Conway. "We might think that our babies are protected when they get vaccinated for pertussis, but immunization requires a full series of vaccines, and no vaccine is 100 percent protective."
Dr. Conway says a baby is most vulnerable during the first few months of life, which is why anyone in close contact with newborns should be immunized.
"By the time most of us reach adulthood, we are typically 20 or 30 years past the time we were last vaccinated, so our immunity to whooping cough has long since worn off," he adds. "Teenagers are also susceptible to whooping cough and can become ill themselves or transmit the infection to siblings. For these reasons,"
Dr. Conway says, "Wisconsin now requires the Tdap vaccine for all students in grades 6 through 12."
The whooping cough vaccine (usually called DTaP for infants and young children, and Tdap for adolescents and adults) also protects against two other potentially deadly diseases: diphtheria and tetanus—also known as lockjaw.
"Immunizations don’t end at childhood," says Dr. Conway, "so adults should check with their physicians during routine visits and physicals to see if they are due for booster shots to guard against these diseases. He cautions that people also should avoid unnecessary contact with others while ill with respiratory symptoms, regardless of the cause of their illness. Most respiratory illnesses are highly contagious, and vaccines only protect against a limited number of them.
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IDEAS Conferences
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About IDEAS Conferences
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November 20 & 21, 2019
2018 Conference Company Webcasting
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2019 Southwest IDEAS Investor Conference
Keynote Lunch Speakers
Wednesday, November 20th
Ben Phillips
Chief Investment Officer, EventShares
"How Government Policy Drives Stock Market Returns"
Download the Presentation Here
Thursday, November 21st
Donald Luskin,
Chief Investment Officer, TrendMacro
"The Three Biggest Risks Facing the Global Economy"
November 20th Keynote Lunch Speaker Bio: Ben Phillips
Ben Phillips serves as the Chief Investment Officer of EventShares overseeing portfolio management and the Investment Committee. EventShares manages the only government policy-based fund globally. Mr. Phillips is also a founder and Managing Director of actionable investment insights firm, MarketDesk Research.
Previously, Mr. Phillips was with Goldman Sachs Asset Management (GSAM), where he had portfolio management responsibilities across several multi-sector total return funds. Prior to GSAM, he held senior investing roles at Providence Equity Partners and Lord Abbett. Mr. Phillips is a CFA charterholder and received an MBA and BSBA in Finance from the University of Missouri.
November 21st Keynote Lunch Speaker Bio: Donald Luskin
Don's 40-year career as an entrepreneur, executive, investment manager and commentator has been built around his passion for the application of technology and innovation to the challenge of investing.
Prior to founding Trend Macrolytics, Don was vice chairman and co-chief investment officer of Barclays Global Investors. After a decade building Wells Fargo Investment Advisors into the world's largest and most innovative investment manager -- where indexing, sector ETFs, tactical asset allocation and quant-active investing were invented and popularized -- Don was a member of the three-man management team that sold the firm to Barclays Bank PLC in 1995. The firm was acquired by Blackrock in 2009.
At Barclays, Don invented and patented target-date mutual funds, which have since become a standard for retirement investment. He pioneered sector ETF's, creating the fund family now known as i-Shares. After Barclays, Don was CEO and co-founder of MetaMarkets.com, and manager of the pathbreaking OpenFund -- the world's first "interactive mutual fund," that showed all its holdings and trading activity in real-time on the Internet.
Don was the inventor of the POSIT ECN, and founder of Investment Technology Group at Jefferies & Company. He has been a hedge fund manager and an options market maker on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the Pacific Stock Exchange, and the New York Stock Exchange.
Don has been an economic advisor to two presidential candidates including the late John McCain, and has briefed the President in the White House. He contributes frequently to the op-ed page of the Wall Street Journal, and appears regularly on Fox Business.
He is the author of I am John Galt and Index Options and Futures: The Complete Guide, and editor of Portfolio Insurance: The Guide to Dynamic Hedging, all published by Wiley.
His articles and commentaries have been published in the Washington Post, Investors Business Daily, Reason, the Harvard Business Review, National Review, Pensions & Investments, Townhall, the American Spectator, the San Jose Mercury News and the Detroit News. He was formerly a columnist for TheStreet.com and Business 2.0 (now Fast Company), and SmartMoney.com.
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Rag'n'Bone Man - Tickets
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Rory Charles Graham(born 29 January 1985), better known as Rag'n'Bone Man, is an English singer-songwriter. His first hit single "Human" was released in 2016 and his debut album, also named Human, was released in February 2017. At the 2017 Brit Awards he was named British Breakthrough Act and also received the Critics' Choice Award.


Strom Thurmond Once Hit on Teenage Chelsea Clinton: Report
Infamous Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond allegedly hit on Chelsea Clinton when she was underage, according to Tom DeLay (R-Texas), a Former House Majority Whip.
The Hill reports:
Chelsea Clinton allegedly once had to endure advances from the late former Sen. Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) while seated next to him at a lunch when she was a teenager.
Former House Majority Whip Tom DeLay (R-Texas) recalled observing Thurmond, who had a reputation for flirting shamelessly with women, come on to a 16-year-old Chelsea during former President Bill Clinton’s 1997 inauguration lunch.
“She had Strom Thurmond on one side of her and me on the other,” DeLay told Mother Jones in an interview published Monday. “I thought, ‘What a terrible thing to do a young lady.’ Strom Thurmond, he kept hitting on her.”
Hillary Clinton recounted the awkward seating arrangement in her 2003 memoir “Living History.” In addition to Chelsea Clinton being seated next to Thurmond and DeLay, the arrangement had Hillary Clinton next to then-Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-Ga.).
“Perhaps it was someone’s idea of a joke to seat me next to Newt Gingrich and to put Chelsea between the House Republican Whip, Tom DeLay, and the frisky nonagenarian Senator from South Carolina, Strom Thurmond,” she wrote.
Thurmond proceeded to compare Chelsea Clinton’s looks to her mother’s, according to Hillary Clinton’s account in “Living History”:
” ‘I think you’re nearly as pretty as your mama,’ the senator said with that silky Southern charm that had gained him quite a reputation.
“By the middle of the meal, he mused, ‘You’re as pretty as your mama. She’s real pretty and you’re pretty too. Yes, you are. You’re as pretty as your mama.’
“By the time dessert arrived, Thurmond was saying, ‘I do believe you’re prettier than your mama. Yes, you are, and if I was seventy years younger, I’d court you!’ ”
Thurmond represented South Carolina in the Senate for 48 years, a senatorial tenure surpassed only by the late Sens. Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) and Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii). Thurmond died in 2003 at the age of 100, about six months after retiring from the Senate.
“I love all of you, and especially your wives,” Thurmond said during his farewell speech on the Senate floor.
Photo credit: CNN/Screenshot.
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Ant Law All You Need To Know
Described as “An innovator" and “A gamechanger" by The Guardian, British guitarist Ant lives in London and leads his quintet, dubbed “An exciting band to hear live" by John Fordham. Their debut 'Entanglement' was released in 2013 to great acclaim, followed by 'Zero Sum World' in 2015. They have toured extensively and their third album 'Life I Know' for Edition Records was released on the 9th of November 2018. The release was very warmly received by the press. It received 5 star reviews, made numerous “best of 2018" lists, received airplay in the UK, Europe, Australia, and hundreds of thousands of plays (and counting) on Spotify. It is being described as “career-defining".
Ant has played in Tim Garland's band with Jason Rebello & Asaf Sirkis, featuring on 'Songs To The North Sky', 'Return To The Fire' and 'ONE' which was shortlisted for a Grammy and won the Jazzwise Best Album award. He is a member of Trio HLK who record/tour with Dame Evelyn Glennie. He has also worked with Cory Henry, Thomas Gould and is frequently featured in “Total Guitar" and “Guitar Techniques" magazines, in which he was recently listed as an “Astounding Virtuoso". Ant has an interest in Physics, which he read as a scholar at Edinburgh University.
2016 saw the emergence of the Art Of Rhythm Trio featuring Matt Ridley (bass) and Asaf Sirkis (drums and konnakol). In April/May they played a 20-date tour all over the UK, supported by the Arts Council. They had played together in a different ensembles but the tour allowed them to consolidate their musical relationships and develop the trio dynamic. Most notable perhaps is the inclusion of Indian classical elements (check out the youtube videos) such as konnakol, the South-Indian spoken percussion, amidst all the jazz. This group is touring on an ongoing basis and they hope to see you at a gig soon!
Ant was born in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where he lived until the age of 16. From a young age he was exposed to early blues and rock 'n' roll, as well as Arabic music. He began playing piano and guitar around the age of 8. Throughout his teens he gravitated towards the guitar. A history teacher gave him a video of Stevie Ray Vaughan playing live at the El Mocambo, which was a huge influence, along with videos of Guns 'n' Roses, Queen, and later on Joe Satriani and Steve Vai.
Other than the classical piano training, Law's only formal schooling in music was one semester on scholarship at Berklee College Of Music, Boston. This he says was crucial because he heard gospel music and gospel drummers for the first time, and lots of Latin American music. The semester was completed in the middle of a Physics degree he was reading at Edinburgh University, also as a scholar. It was whilst studying the degree that he became obsessed with jazz and played his first jazz gigs. By this point he had discovered and started to use Perfect 4ths tuning for the guitar. In a case of convergent evolution however, other players (like Stanley Jordan and Tom Quayle) had also discovered and were using this same tuning. Allan Holdsworth has said that if he could start again, he would tune this way. Ant wrote a book introducing the tuning entitled “3rd Millenium Guitar" which is published by Mel Bay.
After completing the degree he concentrated on make a living playing guitar, eventually moving to London and immersing himself in the scene there. He also lived in NYC for a season to study with his heroes Ari Hoenig, Ben Monder, Adam Rogers, Lage Lund, Gilad Hekselman, Johannes Weidenmueller, Tim Miller and others.
Website: http://www.antlaw.co.uk/


Pandemics, places, and populations: Evidence from the Black Death
Rémi Jedwab, Noel Johnson, Mark Koyama 08 May 2019
The Black Death killed 40% of Europe’s population between 1347 and 1352, but little is known about its spatial effects. The column uses variation in Plague mortality at the city level to explore the short-run and long-run impacts on city growth. After less than 200 years the impact of Black Death mortality in cities was close to zero, but the rate of urban recovery depended on advantages that favoured trade.
Accounting for the great divergence
Stephen Broadberry
Wars, plagues, and Europe’s rise to riches
Hans-Joachim Voth, Nico Voigtländer
The Black Death was the largest demographic shock in European history, killing approximately 40% of the region's population between 1347 and 1352. Some regions and cities were spared, but others were severely hit: England, France, Italy and Spain lost between 50% and 60% of their populations in two years. While the Black Death has been extensively studied by historians and social scientists (Benedictow 2005, Voth and Voigtlander 2013), we don't know much about its spatial effects, due to the lack of disaggregated data on mortality. Because they are so rare, we don't know much about the economic effects of any continent-wide pandemics.
Speed of recovery
Were cities and regions that were relatively harder hit by the Black Death permanently affected? We have compiled data on Black Death mortality for 165 cities, which were home to 60% of the urban population of western Europe in the 14th century (Figure 1). By combining this with information on city growth across Europe for the entire pre-modern period, we can estimate the long-run economic and spatial consequences of the Black Death (Jedwab et al. 2019).
Figure 1 Black Death mortality rates in European cities, 1347-1352 (%)
We find that between 1300 and 1400 a 10 percentage point higher Black Death mortality rate was associated with a 8.7 percentage point fall in city population, but between 100 and 200 years later, the impact of mortality was close to zero. When we examine the spillover and general equilibrium effects of the Black Death on city populations, we similarly find negative effects in the short run, and no effects in the long run. Cities and urban systems, on average, had recovered to their pre-Plague population levels by the 16th century.
Using data on historical deforestation, we find that rural areas close to higher mortality cities recovered their populations around a century after the recovery in urban populations. Data on deserted medieval villages in England show that more settlements were abandoned in low-mortality, rather than high-mortality areas – especially those far from cities. This implies that recovery in high-mortality areas was accelerated by migration from low-mortality areas, not by higher fertility and lower mortality.
Mechanisms of urban recovery
We find that urban recovery from the Black Death is entirely explained by the interacted effects of mortality with city characteristics that proxy for fixed factors of production. That is, rural fixed factors related to better land suitability, and urban fixed factors related to natural advantages (coastal access, for example) or sunk man-made advantages (such as roads) that favour trade.
Not all cities recovered at the same rate (Figure 2). Some permanently collapsed after the Black Death, whereas others gained in the long run. These permutations were associated with fixed factors, and favoured cities with better land and trade potential, and so urban systems may have become more productive.
Figure 2 Population rank of 165 cities in main sample, 1300 vs 1600
There is evidence that these results are causal. First, it is plausible that the virulence of the Plague was not related to future city growth. Second, the parallel trends assumption is verified as, prior to 1300, there was no difference in growth between areas that would be most affected by the Black Death, and those that would be comparatively less affected. Third, the results are robust to the inclusion of controls for city characteristics, region fixed effects, and contemporaneous events. Finally, our results hold when we implement instrumental variables strategies based on the facts that the Black Death entered Europe through the Sicilian port of Messina and was more virulent in its earlier stages (for pathogenic reasons), it was more lethal in cities in which it reached its peak in the summer since the fleas that transmitted the disease were more active then, and it was connectedness to Messina and not connectedness to other important cities that mattered for plague virulence.
To summarise:
A short-run effect. The Black Death had strong spatial-economic effects in the short-run, but no such effects in the long-run. this is the first time that city-level data on Black Death mortality has been used to study its local effects, and the first time that its spatial effects have been shown to be consistent with a Malthusian model.
Recovery of cities. Cities are often neglected in the Malthusian literature. But they were important for trade in this period, so high-mortality cities with natural or sunk man-made advantages that favoured trade were more likely to attract labour afterwards.
Land and trade. The role of fixed factors related to land and trade in city recovery suggests that the allocation of urban populations may have improved following the Black Death.
Contemporary relevance
Understanding the economic effects of pandemics may have policy implications for today, especially given that their frequency and severity may increase with climate change. According to one recent broadcast by the BBC (2017):
“Climate change is melting permafrost soils that have been frozen for thousands of years, and as the soils melt they are releasing ancient viruses and bacteria that, having lain dormant, are springing back to life.”
Likewise, Bill Gates (2018) argues that:
“[G]iven the continual emergence of new pathogens, the increasing risk of a bioterror attack, and the ever-increasing connectedness of our world, there is a significant probability that a large and lethal modern-day pandemic will occur in our lifetime”
An uncontrolled Ebola outbreak could have dramatic economic consequences in Africa (UNECA 2015), but it is difficult to assess what those consequences would be without empirical evidence from previous pandemics.
While the Black Death took place centuries ago, our study has implications for the developing world today. Poor economies disproportionately rely on fixed factors of production similar to the ones we identify in our context (Jedwab and Vollrath 2019). This could explain why contemporary mortality increases often have positive effects (Young 2005, Rogall and Yanagizawa-Drott 2013, Esteban et al. 2015). It also suggests why population increases may have negative effects (Acemoglu and Johnson 2007, Ashraf et al. 2013). Lastly, during the Black Death Europe consisted of decentralised polities with weak state capacity. This is similar to what we can observe in poor countries today (Johnson and Koyama 2017).
Acemoglu, D and S Johnson (2007), “Disease and Development: The Effect of Life Expectancy on Economic Growth”, Journal of Political Economy 115(6): 925–985.
Ashraf, Q H, D N Weil, and J Wilde (2013), “The Effect of Fertility Reduction on Economic Growth”, Population and Development Review 39(1): 97-130.
Benedictow, O J (2005), The Black Death 1346–1353: The Complete History, The Boydell Press.
Christakos, G, R A Olea, M L Serre, H-L Yu, and L-L Wang (2005), Interdisciplinary Public Health Reasoning and Epidemic Modelling: The Case of Black Death, Springer.
Esteban, J, M Morelli, and D Rohner (2015), “Strategic Mass Killings", Journal of Political Economy 123(5): 1087–1132.
Jedwab, R and D Vollrath (2019), “The Urban Mortality Transition and Poor-Country Urbanization”, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 11(1): 223–275.
Jedwab, R, N Johnson and M Koyama (2019), “Pandemics, Places, and Populations: Evidence from the Black Death”, CEPR Discussion Paper 13523
Johnson, N D and M Koyama (2017), “States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints”, Explorations in Economic History 64: 1-20.
Rogall, T and D Yanagizawa-Drott (2013), “The Legacy of Political Mass Killings: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide,” mimeo.
Voigtländer, N and H-J Voth (2013), “The Three Horsemen of Riches: Plague, War, and Urbanization in early modern Europe”, Review of Economic Studies 80: 774–811.
Young, A (2005), “The Gift of the Dying: The Tragedy of AIDS and the Welfare of Future African Generations”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 120(2): 423–466.
Topics: Economic history
Tags: Black Death, plague, Malthus, Malthusian model, cities, special effects, pandemics
Rémi Jedwab
Associate Professor, George Washington University
Noel Johnson
Associate Professor of Economics, George Mason University
Associate Professor in Economics, George Mason University


Mexico’s Garment Industry in 2019
Allison Griffin · April 22, 2019
In Remake’s latest film, “Made in Mexico,” students and activists met face-to-face with the women who make our clothes just south of the border. They listened to their stories, shared in their emotions and connected at the most basic level, as women trying to make it in this big world.
With the release of the film, we decided to investigate what the biggest hardships and obstacles that these women face working in the country’s maquiladoras.
A maquiladora also known as a maquila is a factory in Mexico run by a foreign company that imports raw materials and exports manufactured products back to that country, often the US, on a duty-free and tariff-free basis.
Though the first maquiladoras popped up in the 1960s, they had a period of increased growth throughout the 1990s. In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed and the value of the peso dramatically decreased, making Mexico even more appealing for American brands trying to cut the cost of production. While maquiladoras were already growing in number, in the next five years nearly1500 more opened, an unprecedented rate.
It wasn’t long before worker abuses were exposed. In 1996, the Human Rights Watch published a report which found that maquiladoras discriminated against the hiring of pregnant women. Major US-based companies went so far as to require female job candidates to undergo pregnancy testing and asked them invasive questions about their contraceptive use, menstrual cycle and sexual habits in order to screen out pregnant women and deny them jobs.
Pregnancy-discrimination continues to be an obstacle for female garment workers in Mexico and throughout the world.
Photo: Sara is a garment maker who has seen women get sick from working inside the factory, then get fired for their lower production rate. She wants to de-normalize women’s pain and health issues in the fashion industry.
As globalization increased, American brands sought out cheaper and cheaper labor to increase their profit margins. This lead to increased competition for Mexican maquiladoras. Much of the US’s garment production was moved into China and later to countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam and Myanmar. Today, the majority of products manufactured in maquiladoras are electronics and auto parts.
However, apparel production continues in Mexico with companies like Levi’s and Dickie’s manufacturing clothing inside maquiladoras. In fact, Mexico is the largest supplier of men’s jeans to the US, responsible for 40 percent of those, Nate Herman, SVP of supply chain at the apparel association told CNBC in 2017.
A recent McKinsey study suggests nearshore manufacturing could benefit American fashion brands, making Mexico with its shorter delivery times and potentially cheaper production costs.
So what conditions do the women who make our clothes inside maquiladoras work in? What problems and abuses do they face? Are they making a living wage? Gathered from Remake’s own interviews in Mexico and research studies on the country’s garment sector, below are the biggest issues maquiladora workers face today.
Photo: Reina began working in Mexico’s garment factories as a child laborer and has seen first hand, colleagues get chronic illnesses and permanent skin damage from toxic chemicals in the dye process. Today she hopes to empower as many women as she can.
The Right To Unions
The right to form independent unions is a constant struggle for maquiladora makers. While unions exist, they’re created to protect the factories, not the makers. These are known as “protection unions” and they make profits from employers who sign collective bargaining agreements without makers’ knowledge and consent. When maquiladora makers try to register independent unions or strike, they’re often fired.
Low wages enforce a cycle of poverty, often from generation to generation. Much of the maquiladora workforce is made up of young women from rural areas in the country who come to border cities to seek work or future entry into America. They take poor-paying jobs at maquiladoras because they often don’t have any other options and must feed their families. The country’s minimum wage increased this year to about $5.10 a day or 102.68 pesos, but it’s still far from a living wage. One maquiladora worker told Public Radio International that she spent half of her $7 a day wage on wood to keep her cinder block home heated.
Sexual harassment and pregnancy discrimination continue to plague female workers. According to an article in the San Diego Free Press, women are still required to take regular pregnancy tests and are sometimes fired if they become pregnant. Oliva, one of the women in the “Made in Mexico” film, said she saw a young woman groped by a supervisor at a maquiladora. “It traumatized me. I knew I had to speak up, but I had no one to speak up to.”
Photo: The Remake team interviewed Veronica, a garment maker in Mexico who speaks out for women’s rights in factories worldwide. She sees women treated as a second class gender and wants that to change.
forced overtime
Workers often work long hours, sometimes with forced overtime. Most work 10 hours a day, six days a week if not more. Remake’s reporting in Mexico found that women often take caffeine pills and energy drinks to keep up with all the work. This can lead to an accelerated heart rate and even cardiac arrest.
Many workers often develop health conditions related to maquiladora work. Another woman in the film, Reina, a former child worker turned activist said she personally witnessed women’s faces and hands stained and discolored by the chemicals used inside the garment factories. She suffers from respiratory illness from breathing in fibers, while Oliva developed carpal tunnel syndrome from working in maquiladoras for 15 years. “If a woman tried to report that she became sick as a result of her working in the factory, she would be fired and the factory owner would face no consequences,” said Sara, another woman interviewed in Mexico.
Images: Remake; Cover Photo: Jezael Melgoza/Unsplash
Allison Griffin
Allie, a dual fashion-journalism major, was one of our selected Parsons School of Design students who came on the Cambodia Journey, where we connected designers with makers to build a more human-centered fashion industry. Allie’s great grandmother used to sew in NYC's garment district. Graduating from Parsons and recently interning at Oscar de la Renta, she feels like her family's life has come full circle - from being a line worker to designer.
Meet Sara From Mexico
Made In Mexico Garment Makers Speak Out For Women’s Rights


Promises of ObamaCare too costly for many
featuring Hadley Heath
You could call them the "forgotten faces" of Obamacare: Americans who are by no means wealthy but earn too much to receive a tax credit that would help them pay for federally-mandated insurance.
According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, roughly 15 million people bought ACA-compliant individual insurance for 2017. Nearly half of them, however, received no tax credit help.
Meanwhile, the uninsured rate among adults who make too much to qualify for help buying coverage increased to five percent from two percent in 2016.
And next year may be no different.
If you ask Hadley Heath Manning of the Independent Women's Forum (IWF), this group of people has had the roughest time under the Affordable Care Act.
"They didn't really have a walk in the park before the Affordable Care Act because our health insurance markets in the United States are largely centered around those large group plans that many employers provide," Manning tells OneNewsNow. "If you don't have one of those you're effectively on your own, and if you earn too much money to get a subsidy under the ACA, you face some of the highest prices for health insurance."
For an individual making $48,000 or more, that can be expensive. That is the cutoff income for tax credits. The cutoff is $98,000 for a family of four.
In a realted Associated Press story, the reporter described how Margaret Leatherwood of Bryson, Texas had eight choices for health insurance in 2018. But the cheapest individual coverage in her market would eat up nearly a quarter of the income her husband brings home from the oilfields.
"I was so glad to see the Associated Press cover this," Manning says, "because too often we do get a skewed picture of the ACA pointing to the Medicaid expansion, the insurance numbers in total, the number of people who benefit from subsidies and tax credits, without so much focus on the cost."


Husband of Wounded US Lawmaker to Return to Space
05 Feb 2011 Comments Off on Husband of Wounded US Lawmaker to Return to Space
by KATAKAMI in World News Tags: Gabrielle Giffords, Mark Kelly, NASA
This January 9, 2011 photo released by Congressworman Gabrielle Giffords' office shows Mark Kelly, Giffords' husband, holding Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ) hand in her hospital room at the University Medical Center in Tucson, Arizona. Giffords remains in critical condition after being shot in the head after a gunman opened fire during a political event in Tucson on Saturday. (Rep. Gabrielle Giffords Office/Handout )
Feb 5 (KATAKAMI.COM / VOA) — NASA says astronaut Mark Kelly, the husband of wounded U.S. lawmaker Gabrielle Giffords, will return to command the space shuttle Endeavour on its final mission in April.
The space agency says Kelly will resume training Monday for the trip to the International Space Station.
At a press conference, Kelly said Giffords’ ability to improve rapidly from a bullet wound in the head influenced his decision to rejoin the mission. He said he originally thought her pace of improvement would be much slower, and that he questioned his future as an astronaut.
Kelly would not share details on Giffords’ condition or prognosis, except to say that doctors think she will make a “really good” recovery.
A NASA official, Brent Jett, said he is glad Kelly is returning to command the mission. He said he is confident Kelly will not be distracted by his wife’s health situation.
Giffords was shot in the head while meeting with constituents in Tuscon, Arizona nearly a month ago.
Giffords was recently moved from Tucson to a rehabilitation hospital in Houston, where Kelly trains at the Johnson Space Center.
Six people were killed in the Arizona shooting rampage on January 8, including a U.S. federal judge and a nine-year-old girl.
Scott Kelly, Mark Kelly’s twin brother and fellow astronaut, said this week he is “absolutely 100 percent confident” his brother will be able to fulfill his responsibilities if he chooses to fly Endeavour. Scott Kelly is the current commander of the International Space Station.
NASA is retiring its shuttle fleet this year. (*)
Giffords's husband says she recognizes him
19 Jan 2011 Comments Off on Giffords's husband says she recognizes him
by KATAKAMI in World News Tags: Gabrielle Giffords, Mark Kelly
U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ) and her husband, space shuttle astronaut Mark Kelly, are seen in an undated handout photo provided by her Congressional campaign, January 8, 2011. Giffords was hit in a shooting on Saturday at a public event of the Congresswoman's at a Tucson, Arizona grocery store that also injured at least nine other people, hospital and law enforcement sources said. REUTERS/Giffords for Congress/PK Weis/Handout
Jan 19 (KATAKAMI.COM / Reuters) – Congressman Gabrielle Giffords’ husband, astronaut Mark Kelly, says he is certain his wife recognizes him and is making her awareness of his bedside presence known more than a week after she was shot through the head.
While doctors at University Medical Center in Tucson, Arizona, said over the weekend that Giffords remained mostly incommunicative, Kelly said his spouse is connecting with him through small, but distinct gestures.
“If I hold her hand, she’ll play with my wedding ring,” Kelly, a NASA space shuttle commander, told ABC News in his first television interview since his wife was gravely wounded in a shooting rampage on January 8.
“She’ll move (the ring) up and down my finger. She’ll take it off. … She’ll put it on her own finger. She’ll move it to her thumb. And then she can put it back on my finger,” he said.
Kelly’s full interview was set to air on Tuesday night on a special edition of the prime-time program “20/20.” ABC News released excerpts in advance. Portions also aired on ABC’s “Good Morning America,” “World News with Diane Sawyer” and “Nightline” broadcasts.
“The reason why I know that that means she recognizes me is because she’s done that before,” Kelly said. “She’ll do that if we’re sitting in a restaurant. She’ll do the same exact movements.”
Kelly told Sawyer in his interview that Giffords, 40, even managed to give him a 10-minute neck rub, “and I keep telling her, ‘Gabby, you’re in the ICU. You know, you don’t need to be going this.'”
He added with a chuckle, “I’m pretty sure she wouldn’t do that to somebody else. And she’s looking me in the eye.”
Kelly’s anecdotes seemed at odds with the level of function described over the weekend by doctors, who said they had seen little sign of Giffords interacting despite upgrading her overall medical condition from critical to serious following removal of a breathing tube that ran through her mouth and down her throat.
That ventilator hose was replaced on Saturday with a tracheotomy tube inserted through her neck and into her windpipe but still leaves her unable to speak.
“She cannot socialize,” Dr. Randall S. Friese, associate medical director of the hospital, told reporters on Monday.
Still, doctors said they were extremely pleased with Giffords’ progress and that the next key milestone she faced would be her discharge from the hospital, marking her graduation from recovery to rehabilitation.
Giffords, a Democrat just elected to her third term representing Tucson and southern Arizona in the U.S. House of Representatives, was one of 19 people struck by gunfire at a meet-and-greet with constituents.
Six people were killed and 13 others wounded, Giffords being the most seriously hurt. A 22-year-old college dropout, Jared Lee Loughner, is in federal custody charged as the lone gunman in the attack.
Kelly acknowledged that his wife still has a difficult road ahead of her but called her a “really, really tough woman.”
He also told Sawyer that he had worried for his wife’s safety in the past and that they had discussed death threats she had received prior to the shooting.
Husband: Giffords smiled and gave him neck rub
18 Jan 2011 Comments Off on Husband: Giffords smiled and gave him neck rub
by KATAKAMI in World News Tags: Gabrielle Giffords, Mark Kelly, Politics
FILE - In this March, 2010 file photo provided by the office of Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, Giffords poses for a photo. Giffords' condition improved to serious on Sunday, Jan. 16, 2011, after procedures to remove a ventilator were successful. (AP Photo/Office of Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, File)
TUCSON, Ariz., Jan 18 (KATAKAMI.COM/ AP) — The husband of Rep. Gabrielle Giffords says his wife’s condition has improved so much that she has been able to smile and give him a neck rub as he has kept a near-constant vigil at her hospital bedside.
The interactions with astronaut Mark Kelly are new signs of Giffords’ impressive progress in recovering from a gunshot wound to the head at a political event nine days ago. Giffords still cannot speak, because of a tube in her throat that is helping her breathe.
“She’s in the ICU. You know, gone through this traumatic injury. And she spent 10 minutes giving me a neck massage,” Kelly explained in an interview with Diane Sawyer to air Tuesday on ABC. “It’s so typical of her that no matter how bad the situation might be for her, you know, she’s looking out for other people.”
Such encounters indicate higher levels of functioning, implying that “she’s recognizing him and interacting, perhaps in an old familiar way with him,” said Dr. Michael Lemole.
Dr. Randall Friese said Kelly also told doctors he saw Giffords smile. He said sometimes people see what they want to see, but that “if he says she’s smiling, I buy it.”
Kelly has also been essential in helping Giffords’ staff through the tragedy, said Mark Kimble, a Tucson staff member who stood only a few feet from Giffords when she was shot.
“There is not a doubt in his mind and not a doubt in any of our minds that she’s going to be back,” Kimble said. “He’s been cheering us up. He’ll come over and when we’re down, he’ll say, ‘Gabby’s going to make it, Gabby’s a little better today.’ That’s a big help to all of us.”
The steady progress for Giffords came on the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday to remember the legacy of the civil rights leader who was killed by an assassin’s bullet 42 years ago.
Political leaders invoked the assassination attempt against Giffords as they asked Americans to recommit to King’s values of nonviolence, tolerance, compassion and justice.
“Last week a senseless rampage in Tucson reminded us that more than 40 years after Dr. King’s own tragic death, our struggle to eradicate violence and to promote peace goes on,” Attorney General Eric Holder said at King’s former church in Atlanta.
Doctors upgraded Giffords’ condition from critical to serious over the weekend and say they carried out three successful procedures that demonstrate she is recovering well.
A breathing tube was moved from her mouth to her throat along with a separate feeding tube that was shifted from her nose to her stomach. Dr. Randall Friese said removing the tubes in her nose and mouth reduces the risks of infections.
Doctors also said they performed a surgery on Giffords’ eye socket to remove bone fragments to relieve pressure on her eye. There were no complications from the surgery; doctors needed to perform the eye procedure all along but waited until her condition improved to do it.
Elsewhere, doctors have transplanted the corneas from the youngest victim of the Jan. 8 shooting that left a total of six dead and 13 wounded. Christina Taylor Green’s father said Monday that the Donor Network of Arizona told him and his wife that the transplants from the 9-year-old have saved the eyesight of two children.
The suspect in the shooting, 22-year-old Jared Loughner, remained jailed in a federal lockup in Phoenix. Investigators have described him as a mentally unstable man who was kicked out a community college last year and became increasingly erratic in recent months.
He apparently became obsessed with inflicting violence on Giffords since attending one of her campaign events in 2007.
Kelly said he would be willing to meet with the parents of Loughner, who have remained in seclusion since the shooting. Kelly, who has two teenage daughters from a previous marriage, said the parents have to be in a tremendous amount of pain.
“I don’t think it’s their fault. It’s not the parents fault,” Kelly told ABC. “You know, I’d like to think I’m a person that’s, you know, somewhat forgiving. And, I mean, they’ve got to be hurting in this situation as much as much as anybody.” (*)
Doctors: Giffords Smiling at Husband
18 Jan 2011 Comments Off on Doctors: Giffords Smiling at Husband
Jan 18 (KATAKAMI.COM / VOA) — The husband of the Arizona congresswoman shot in the head during a shooting rampage this month says her condition has improved to the point where she gave him a 10-minute neck massage from her hospital room.
U.S. astronaut Mark Kelly said in an interview with ABC News that the action is typical of Giffords, who he said is always looking out for others. Giffords is in the intensive care unit at a Tucson hospital.
Kelly also said he would be willing to meet with the parents of 22-year-old Jared Loughner, the man charged in the shooting spree that killed six people and wounded more than a dozen others in Tucson. Kelly told the network that Loughner’s parents must be in a tremendous amount of pain because of the situation.
Giffords’ condition has been upgraded from critical to serious. Doctors treating Giffords say Kelly reported that he saw her smile. They say such encounters imply that Giffords is recognizing him and interacting perhaps in a more familiar way with him.
Separately, the doctors say Giffords had minor surgery to repair a fracture in the roof of her eye socket. They also say she is at the same baseline as before the procedure.
Giffords was shot as she met with constituents outside a grocery store January 8. The dead included a federal judge and a 9-year-old girl.
The U.S. House of Representatives resumes work this week, after a one-week suspension following the attack on Giffords. The top item on the agenda for the new House Republican majority is to try to repeal President Barack Obama’s signature health care reform initiative.
Doctors have voiced optimism regarding Giffords’s chances of recovery, saying she could be released from the hospital and moved into a rehabilitation facility within “days to weeks.” Recently, she has opened her eyes and is responding to simple commands. Doctors say she is breathing on her own.
Loughner, the suspect, has been charged with five federal felony counts, including the attempted assassination of a member of the U.S. Congress.
Officials say his trial likely will be held outside of Arizona because the federal judge, John Roll, was among those killed. (*)
NASA Names Backup Shuttle Commander for Gifford’s Husband
14 Jan 2011 Comments Off on NASA Names Backup Shuttle Commander for Gifford’s Husband
Jan 13 (KATAKAMI / VOA) — The U.S. space agency says it has appointed a backup commander for its upcoming April mission to the International Space Station, while the mission’s original leader tends to his wife, who was shot in the head Saturday.
In a statement Thursday, Astronaut Mark Kelly said he was “hopeful” he would be able to rejoin the mission with space shuttle Endeavor.
It is currently slotted as the final mission for NASA’s 30-year shuttle program.
Kelly’s wife, congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords is recovering after being shot in an apparent assassination attempt.
NASA said Kelly remains in charge of the mission, but said designating a backup would allow the mission crew and support team to continue training in Kelly’s absence.
Meanwhile, NASA also announced new launch dates for the two remaining shuttle missions, after several delays prompted by problems with space shuttle Discovery’s external fuel tank.
NASA announced it plans to launch Discovery on February 24 and said it is targeting April 19 for Endeavor’s launch.
NASA cancelled a planned launch attempt in early November when a hydrogen leak led them to discover cracks in some of the metal supports of Discovery’s fuel tank.
Although these are the final scheduled missions, NASA has said another flight could be added mid-year, before the fleet is set to retire. (*)


We Stormed the Reichstag
Vassili Subbotin, Tony Le Tissier
* War correspondent's graphic account of the most famous episode in the final battle for Berlin
* Insight into the violence and confusion of the street-fighting
* Inside story of the action that gave rise to one of the defining photographs of the
Second World War - the Soviet flag flying over the Reichstag
* Portraits of the soldiers who too
Dimensions : 9.5 X 6.5 inches
In 1941 when Germany invaded the Soviet Union Vassili Subbotin was caught up as an ordinary soldier in the Red Army’s great retreat. In 1945, during the final days of the war, as a war correspondent, he went into Berlin with the troops who fought the ferocious final battles in the streets and sealed Germany’s defeat. Later he recorded in vivid impressionistic detail the climax of the last act of the campaign and of the entire war in the east – the storming of the Reichstag which came to symbolize of the Soviet victory over the Nazis.
His firsthand experience of that final operation – and his insight into the small band of ordinary soldiers who played a part in it – is graphically conveyed in this memoir. In his description of the confusion and violence of the street fighting around the Reichstag and the vicious hand-to-hand floor-by-floor struggle to capture the huge shattered building, the personalities of the soldiers are revealed, as are their fears and determination.
Vassili Subbotin served as a conscript in the Red Army during the Second World War, first as an infantryman during the Soviet retreat after the German invasion in 1941, then as a divisional war correspondent during the Red Army’s long advance towards Germany. He was present throughout the final battle for Berlin and observed the capture of the Reichstag at first hand. After the war he wrote this evocative memoir recording his experiences and those of the soldiers who took part, and in later life he was reunited with those who survived the fighting.
During many years working in several senior official positions in Berlin - including spells as provost marshal and British governor of Spandau prison - Tony Le Tissier has accumulated a vast knowledge of the campaign the led up to the fall of Berlin. He has researched every aspect of the 1945 battle for the city in unprecedented detail and has published a series of outstanding books on the subject - The Battle of Berlin 1945, Farewell to Spandau, Berlin Then and Now, Zhukov at the Oder, Slaughter at Halbe, The Third Reich Then and Now, With Our Backs to Berlin, Death Was Our Companion, Berlin Battlefield Guide: Third Reich and Cold War and The Siege of Kstrin 1945: Gateway to Berlin.
“The book reads very much as if written by a reporter of the times, which it was. The author, and expert on the Eastern Front, served in Berlin during the Cold War and it is to his credit he has brought this work to English-speaking readers, providing more source material on the Red Army in World War II.”
- WWII History
We Stormed the Reichstag Reviews
Battlefield Bombers: Deep Sea Attack
The First Blitz
Andrew Hyde
John Freeborn, Chris Yeoman
The Sterling Years
James Edmiston
Final Scrum
Nigel McCrery
With the SAS and Other Animals
Julian Paget, Derek Saunders


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Marion girls defeat Herington in 2A substate quarterfinals
in Breaking News / by Janae Rempel / on February 26, 2018 at 9:52 pm /
Kourtney Hansen
Marion defeated Herington, 40-24, Monday in the quarterfinals of the Class 2A substate tournament hosted by Hillsboro.
When Marion shots refused to fall, the Warriors relied on their defense, which forced 28 Herington turnovers.
Herington struggled from the field, too, and Marion took control from the start, building an 8-0 lead—thanks to four consecutive baskets by Kourtney Hansen. The Railers made their first basket with 1:25 left in the first quarter but drained a three to draw within 8-5 at the first break.
Hansen scored her 10th points 55 seconds into the second quarter, then neither team scored for more than three minutes as a result of missed shots and turnovers.
Sam Richmond broke the drought at the 3:46 mark, but Herington outscored Marion, 8-4, in the final 2:45 to draw within 16-13 at halftime.
Hansen scored 14 of Marion’s 16 first-half points.
Marion enjoyed a 7-0 run to start the third quarter, then Herington scored two baskets in a 41-second span. Marion closed the quarter on a 6-0 run to enjoy a double-digit, 29-17 lead heading into the fourth quarter.
The Warriors maintained momentum with a 9-0 start to the fourth quarter. Herington scored its first points of the period with 1:48 left in the game, and Marion cruised to the 16-point victory.
“The frustration just kind of built up on us in the first quarter, first half,” coach Kelly Robson said. “I was really pleased that it felt like we put that away in the second half and played much more like ourselves.”
Hansen led all scorers with 22 points.
Coming—Marion advances to play Inman in the semifinals Thursday at Hillsboro.
Tags: basketball, Herington, Marion, substate, tournament


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Mills, Irving (1894-1985), singer, music publisher, and manager
Burton W. Peretti
Mills, Irving (16 January 1894–21 April 1985), singer, music publisher, and manager, was born in New York City, the son of working-class Russian Jewish immigrants whose names are unknown. He was educated in New York City public schools but did not attend college. He married Bessie (maiden name unknown) at the age of seventeen; they had five children....


Five areas to share £20 million to unleash creativity across the nation
Grimsby, Thames Estuary, Plymouth, Wakefield and Worcester will receive millions of pounds of funding to invest in culture
• Grimsby, Thames Estuary, Plymouth, Wakefield and Worcester will receive millions of pounds of funding to invest in culture
• Investment will support economic growth and create more than 1,300 new jobs across the country
• This funding forms part of the Creative Industries Sector Deal to help the country’s world-leading cultural and creative businesses thrive
Five locations across England will receive a share of £20 million to invest in local culture, heritage and creative industries and help drive economic growth, Culture Secretary Jeremy Wright announced today.
In the first government investment of its kind, Grimsby, the Thames Estuary, Plymouth, Wakefield and Worcester will use the funding on local cultural plans which are tailored to the strengths and needs of each area.
It is expected that the funding will create over 1,300 new jobs, benefit 2,000 people through skills training, and support more than 700 businesses. Through match-funding, an additional £17.5 million will be invested across the five locations.
The Cultural Development Fund (CDF) has been launched by the Government to use investment in heritage, culture and creativity as a catalyst for regeneration. Each area has designed plans to strengthen the local arts sector, increase cultural access and provide greater opportunity for people to forge creative careers.
Culture Secretary Jeremy Wright said:
"Creativity, arts and heritage make our towns and cities unique and our communities better places to live.
"The Cultural Development Fund will support tailored local plans that use culture to create jobs, boost tourism and ultimately regenerate communities.
"This is an incredible opportunity that will not only help people build careers in the arts and culture locally but also boost wider investment and diversify the creative economy."
The Culture Secretary will confirm the new funding as part of a major speech in Coventry today - the next UK City of Culture in 2021 - on the value of culture to the individual, communities and the nation as a whole.
The CDF, announced in the Creative Industries Sector Deal last year, marks a step change in how the Government is investing in culture. It aims to increase access to arts, heritage and the creative industries while also boosting the local economy by attracting more visitors to each area and supporting the growth of new businesses.
It forms part of the Government’s modern Industrial Strategy which has seen more than £150 million jointly invested by Government and industry through the creative industries sector deal to help cultural and creative businesses across Britain thrive and consolidate the country’s position as a global creative and cultural powerhouse.
The Fund was launched off the back of the success of Hull as UK City of Culture 2017. Hull provided further evidence of how targeted investment in culture can deliver a significant economic boost to an area, with over £3 billion of investment and more than 800 new jobs created in the city in the four years since it was awarded the title in 2013.
Nicholas Serota, Chair, Arts Council England, said:
“At the Arts Council we believe that arts, culture and creativity have the power to transform people’s lives and the places where they live. It’s been a pleasure to work with DCMS to deliver the Cultural Development Fund, which makes significant investment across the arts, heritage and creative industries to bring about real change – and gives us the opportunity to demonstrate and quantify the impact that arts and culture have on economic growth and productivity in urban areas.”
Tim Davie, co-chair of the Creative Industries Council said:
"I welcome today’s announcement, which marks another important step in the implementation of the Sector Deal agreed between the Creative Industries Council and Government. These awards highlight the extent to which the creative industries are now a key part of local economies all over England and should enable them to grow further."


AfterShakespeare Books
It’s not been easy trying to get inside the mind of this most incredible genius of words, yet the journey we started over 16 years ago has been exhilarating, to say the least.
We believe our approach of staying faithful to the original works by putting them in a very different setting results in a startling rejuvenation of the text, giving them a whole new life and meaning; reaction from audience members and press give evidence to this. For a selection of Reviews and Audience Feedback quotes from all After Shakespeare productions please click here.
Our intention is to have all eight AfterShakespeare books
published in Amazon by the end of 2021.
AfterShakespeare Books:
Shakespeare's Dream
A troubled Shakespeare has a most disturbing dream; a dream where characters from his family, and from his plays, come to life – can they help him find his true destiny?
Romeo & Juliet for all Time
Macbeth Killing Time
Tempestfugit: Prosperos's Dream
Ophelia, Princess of Denmark
Time Out of Joint
Cordelia/Fool
An Audience with Sir John Falstaff
Ever imagined what went on inside Shakespeare’s mind . . . Imagine entering, not just
someone else’s dream, but the dream of one of the most active and engaging imaginations of all time; Imagine, a night in the life of Shakespeare; a night of dreams, where characters from his real life, and his writing, together come alive; Imagine you are there, sharing Shakespeare’s feelings and thoughts, his anguish and hopes, his delight and wonder.
Shakespeare is under pressure. His next opening night is but days away, and he has yet to finish the script. He’s having problems with his family in Stratford. And he’s also under suspicion of treason . . .
Shakespeare’s Dream introduces the reader to the mesmerizing world of Shakespeare, told as an imagined dream. He retires to bed, to sleep, perchance to… Agitated, and struggling to reconcile life’s demands with artistic desires, an every day Will is haunted by his yet-to-be-born creations, metamorphosing where time & mortality have no boundaries. Stumbling from one dream scene to the next, can he resolve his issues before coming dawn?
Shakespeare’s Dream is a fascinating insight into the workings of the mind of a genius, playing as it does with many of the themes and words of Shakespeare’s plays. Through the dream, we get an understanding of how his real-life issues helped shape his literary creations; in the doing of, we see the man behind the dry perception of ‘the great’ Shakespeare - ultimately, he was a regular human being, just like the rest of us.
For all readers, including those who maybe aren’t too familiar with Shakespeare; and for those who are, it’s a fascinating opportunity to ‘spot’ the real-life and literary characters, as well as enjoy again the many quotes from his plays.
Shakespeare's world, as never told before - a veritable carnival of dream images and Shakespeare quotes, a unique retelling of his life and work.
Grab the opportunity, spend a night with William Shakespeare - and treat yourself to one of the most extraordinary books on Shakespeare ever published.
Selection of quotes from Play Reviews and Audience Feedback; for more please click here
"Overall this is a superb, delightful production."
“Shakespeare’s great creations are forever being interpreted from a new angle, transmuted by the light of innovation."
“ . . . constitutes the underlying theme of Frank Bramwell’s strongly-researched and excellently presented production, which provokes a plethora of thoughts and dreams.”
“An excellent and beautiful setting for an extraordinary and fascinating production.”
“Thoroughly enjoyed everything about the performance.”
"You have inspired my Shakespearean studies.”
“Very clever and integrated famous quotes/references well.”
“Overall it was a really enjoyable performance and certainly deserves to be seen by a bigger audience”
Author Frank Bramwell
Frank Bramwell is a writer who runs his own theatre company, inamoment, and lives in Stafford with his wife. 2020 will see the launch of two playbooks, Shakespeare's Dream and Romeo & Juliet For All Time, based on his first two 'Shakespeare Revisited', plays which were big hits with audience members and reviewers when performed.
Frank's fascination is exploring and understanding the genius of Shakespeare. His belief is that staying faithful to his original works, but putting them into a very different setting, results in a startling rejuvenation of the text, giving them a whole new life and meaning.


In the Heat of the Night (DVD)
“They call me Mr. Tibbs!” [what else could the charge be?]
John Ball’s novel “In the Heat of the Night” was published in 1965 and received strong critical and popular acceptance. It went on to receive an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America and was translated extensively. The idea for the story had actually first occurred to Ball in 1932. Feeling that the time was not right and unsure of his own ability to do the idea justice, however, he put the idea aside for over 30 years.
With the success of the novel, film rights were snapped up by producer Walter Mirisch. Armed with a screenplay by Stirling Silliphant, Mirisch was able to interest Norman Jewison in directing. Soon thereafter, Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger were cast in the lead roles. The film, released in 1967 by United Artists, was an instant success and went on to win five Academy Awards (Best Picture, Best Actor [Steiger], Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Sound, and Best Editing).
MGM Home Entertainment has now brought In the Heat of the Night to DVD as part of its Contemporary Classics series.
A Northern businessman, Philip Colbert, is found murdered on the streets of Sparta, Mississippi by Deputy Sam Wood. Police Chief Bill Gillespie orders Wood to search the town for any potential suspects. At the train station, Wood finds a well-dressed young black man in the waiting room and quickly decides that he has his man. Once back at the police station, however, it quickly becomes apparent that the suspect is not the murderer at all. He’s a homicide police officer from Philadelphia named Virgil Tibbs, returning there after a visit with his mother.
Colbert’s wife Leslie, upon learning of her husband’s death from Gillespie, soon realizes that the best chance for any real solution to the murder is to demand Tibbs’s involvement, as the Sparta police seem unlikely to be able to handle the job themselves. Gillespie is at first reluctant to have Tibbs’s assistance, but he gradually comes to realize that Tibbs is much more competent to handle such a case than he is. Gradually a grudging respect develops between the two men as they get closer to the solution.
One can argue whether In the Heat of the Night was the best picture of 1967 — after all, that was the year of Bonnie and Clyde (WB) and The Graduate (UA) — but there is no denying that it is still a worthy choice. Certainly when one talks of the great films of Hollywood’s second golden age of the late 1960s to mid-1970s, In the Heat of the Night is among them. Its success is attributable to the calibre of the work both in front of and behind the camera, and to its timeliness. In regard to the latter, I suspect the transformation of the relationship between Tibbs and Gillespie reflected to some extent what people were experiencing in towns across America at the time and continue to do so to this day. That’s why the film struck a nerve then, yet seems undated almost 35 years later.
Director Norman Jewison brought two key things to the film — pacing and visual detail. The first half of In the Heat of the Night proceeds at a leisurely pace, as the relationship between Tibbs and Gillespie is allowed to develop methodically through verbal interaction between the two. Notice particularly the scene on the railway station platform in which Gillespie manages to persuade Tibbs to stay on the case. Jewison allows the actors to set the tone through long takes rather than forcing the scene through rapid cuts. Once it’s clear that Tibbs and Gillespie are now on the same page, Jewison steps up the pace noticeably with the action of the car chase, factory confrontation, and the final resolution. Interspersed in all this are evocative touches that provide stark reminders of the past — the cotton fields and workers picking cotton; the southern mansion with its white overseer, black staff and welcoming black jockey figurine; and the Confederate flag license plates that seem to adorn the cars of every redneck.
The cast of In the Heat of the Night is uniformly excellent. Rod Steiger is a standout as Gillespie, even though his performance is over-the-top at times. It’s easy to downgrade his efforts nowadays, but the degree to which this sort of role has become stereotyped owes much to the image that Steiger presented — the beefy figure with the big gut hanging over the belt, the amber sunglasses, the constant gum-chewing. He is ably matched by Sidney Poitier who gives a quieter but steely performance as Tibbs. Despite extreme provocation, he never gives any impression that he going to be cowed by any of the men who try to put him in what they see as his place. Particularly striking is the meeting between Tibbs and Endicott, the old-school owner of the cotton plantation who is a suspect in the murder investigation. Endicott still likes to believe he exists in the days of the master-slave relationship between whites and blacks, but he is rudely awakened when he slaps Tibbs and immediately gets slapped back. It’s an exchange that was to some extent improvised by Poitier as the scene developed. Warren Oates and Lee Grant very ably handle the secondary roles of Deputy Wood and Leslie Colbert respectively. Grant, who would later win a Best Supporting Actress Oscar for Shampoo (1975, Columbia), brings a depth of understanding to the part of the recently widowed wife. (She reflects most interestingly on this during the DVD’s audio commentary.) Finally, a tip-of-the-hat for a familiar face, if not name — William Schallert — who plays Sparta’s small-town mayor Webb Schubert to perfection.
MGM has provided us with a great-looking disc of In the Heat of the Night. It’s presented in anamorphic widescreen preserving the 1.85:1 original aspect ratio with 16 scene selections. The image is in very good shape — sharp with excellent shadow detail and just the odd hint of film grain in some of the nighttime scenes. There is the occasional scratch and instance of softness, but edge enhancement is minimal and colours are quite accurately rendered throughout. The audio is mono and does the job just fine at reasonable amplification for what is a dialogue-driven film. Quincy Jones’s score and Ray Charles’s singing, which are both definite assets to the film, suffer little from the lack of a more elaborate sound mix.
A terrific audio commentary is included featuring Norman Jewison, Rod Steiger, Lee Grant and cinematographer Haskell Wexler. The individuals’ comments were recorded separately and then edited together. Failing all the people on the commentary being recorded together as they react, this is a model of what a commentary should be, with the speakers using what’s on the screen as cues to explain the hows and whys or as jumping-off points to provide related information. It’s particularly interesting to hear Steiger’s reaction to some of Jewison’s memories. Also included are a rather beaten-up full-frame theatrical trailer and a four-page booklet providing some production background.
As far as the film itself is concerned, I found the actual resolution of the murder to be a little muddled. This results from rushing the ending somewhat. That’s a shame after so much care was taken to build up the atmosphere and the relationships during the first three-quarters of the film.
I was also disappointed that Sidney Poitier was not a participant in the audio commentary. I suspect his comments could have been most interesting, given some of the thoughts and recollections about Sidney by the four that did participate. More generally, I would have anticipated an even more comprehensive package of supplements for a best-picture-of-the-year, but MGM is not alone in this sort of treatment. At least we have a worthy commentary.
One of the top films of the 1960s with a slew of fine performances; a fine effort by MGM on the DVD particularly in light of all the bad press they tend to get lately for their DVD releases; a tremendous audio commentary; nicely priced at $19.98…You don’t have to think too much about this one! Highly recommended.
In the Heat of the Night is completely exonerated and co-defendant MGM is congratulated for its supporting effort. This court is adjourned.
Barrie Maxwell Crime Drama DVD
The Night Porter (Blu-ray)


<< Previous TITLE 42 / CHAPTER 50 / SUBCHAPTER I / § 4026 Next >>
42 USC 4026: Expiration of program Text contains those laws in effect on January 16, 2020
From Title 42-THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARECHAPTER 50-NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCESUBCHAPTER I-THE NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM
Jump To: Source CreditReferences In TextAmendmentsEffective DateMiscellaneous
§4026. Expiration of program
No new contract for flood insurance under this chapter shall be entered into after September 30, 2019.
( Pub. L. 90–448, title XIII, §1319, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 581 ; Pub. L. 93–4, Feb. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 4 ; Pub. L. 93–38, June 5, 1973, 87 Stat. 73 ; Pub. L. 93–234, title I, §105, Dec. 31, 1973, 87 Stat. 979 ; Pub. L. 95–60, §3, June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257 ; Pub. L. 95–80, §3, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339 ; Pub. L. 95–128, title VII, §701(a), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1144 ; Pub. L. 95–406, §6(a), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 880 ; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §308(a), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2098 ; Pub. L. 96–153, title VI, §602(a), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1137 ; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §341(b)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 418 ; Pub. L. 97–289, §4(a), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1231 ; Pub. L. 98–35, §4(a), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 198 ; Pub. L. 98–109, §5(a), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 746 ; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, §451(a)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1229 ; Pub. L. 99–120, §4(a)(1), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 503 ; Pub. L. 99–156, §4(a)(1), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 816 ; Pub. L. 99–219, §4(a)(1), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1731 ; Pub. L. 99–267, §4(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 74 ; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3010(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 106 ; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412 ; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673 ; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986 ; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793 ; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890 ; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914 ; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018 ; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327 ; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §541(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1939 ; Pub. L. 101–137, §1(a), Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 824 ; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, §2302(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–23 ; Pub. L. 103–325, title V, §571(a), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2277 ; Pub. L. 104–204, title III, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2915 ; Pub. L. 105–46, §118, Sept. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 1157 ; Pub. L. 105–65, title III, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1377 ; Pub. L. 105–276, title III, title V, §599D(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2502 , 2663; Pub. L. 107–73, title III, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 689 ; Pub. L. 108–3, §2(a)(2), Jan. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 7 ; Pub. L. 108–171, §2(a)(1), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2064 ; Pub. L. 108–199, div. H, §136(a)(1), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 442 ; Pub. L. 108–264, title I, §101(b), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 714 ; Pub. L. 111–196, §2(a), July 2, 2010, 124 Stat. 1352 ; Pub. L. 111–250, §2(a), Sept. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 2630 ; Pub. L. 112–74, div. D, title V, §573, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 985 ; Pub. L. 112–123, §1(a), May 31, 2012, 126 Stat. 365 ; Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title II, §100203(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 916 ; Pub. L. 115–225, §2(b), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1624 ; Pub. L. 115–281, §2(b), Dec. 1, 2018, 132 Stat. 4191 ; Pub. L. 115–396, §2(b), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5296 ; Pub. L. 116–19, §2(b), May 31, 2019, 133 Stat. 870 ; Pub. L. 116–20, title XII, §1207(b), June 6, 2019, 133 Stat. 901 .)
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to "this title" meaning title XIII of Pub. L. 90–448, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 572 , known as the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4001 of this title and Tables.
2019-Pub. L. 116–20 substituted "September 30, 2019" for "June 14, 2019".
Pub. L. 116–19 substituted "June 14, 2019" for "May 31, 2019".
2018-Pub. L. 115–396 substituted "May 31, 2019" for "December 7, 2018".
Pub. L. 115–281 substituted "December 7, 2018" for "November 30, 2018".
Pub. L. 115–225 substituted "November 30, 2018" for "September 30, 2017".
2012-Pub. L. 112–141 substituted "September 30, 2017" for "July 31, 2012".
Pub. L. 112–123 substituted "July 31, 2012" for "the earlier of the date of the enactment into law of an Act that specifically amends the date specified in this section or May 31, 2012".
2011-Pub. L. 112–74 substituted "the earlier of the date of the enactment into law of an Act that specifically amends the date specified in this section or May 31, 2012" for "September 30, 2011".
2010-Pub. L. 111–250 substituted "September 30, 2011" for "September 30, 2010".
Pub. L. 111–196 substituted "September 30, 2010" for "September 30, 2008".
2004-Pub. L. 108–264 substituted "after September 30, 2008" for "after March 31, 2004".
Pub. L. 108–199, which directed the substitution of "June 30, 2004." for "December 31, 2003", could not be executed because of the amendment by Pub. L. 108–171. See 2003 Amendment note below.
2003-Pub. L. 108–171 substituted "March 31, 2004" for "December 31, 2003".
Pub. L. 108–3 substituted "after December 31, 2003" for "after December 31, 2002".
2001-Pub. L. 107–73 substituted "December 31, 2002" for "September 30, 2001".
1998-Pub. L. 105–276, §599D(a), which directed the substitution of "2001" for "1998", was executed by substituting "2001" for "1999" to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–276, title III, see below.
Pub. L. 105–276, title III, substituted "1999" for "1998".
1997-Pub. L. 105–65 substituted "September 30, 1998" for "October 23, 1997".
Pub. L. 105–46 substituted "October 23, 1997" for "September 30, 1997".
1988-Pub. L. 100–242 substituted "September 30, 1989" for "March 15, 1988".
Pub. L. 100–179 substituted "December 16, 1987" for "December 2, 1987".
Pub. L. 100–154 substituted "November 15, 1987" for "October 31, 1987".
Pub. L. 100–122 substituted "October 31, 1987" for "September 30, 1987".
1986-Pub. L. 99–430 substituted "September 30, 1987" for "September 30, 1986".
Pub. L. 99–345 substituted "September 30, 1986" for "June 6, 1986".
Pub. L. 99–289 substituted "June 6, 1986" for "April 30, 1986".
Pub. L. 99–272 directed amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219 substituting "March 17, 1986" for "December 15, 1985".
Pub. L. 99–267 substituted "April 30, 1986" for "March 17, 1986".
1985-Pub. L. 99–219 substituted "March 17, 1986" for "December 15, 1985".
Pub. L. 99–156 substituted "December 15, 1985" for "November 14, 1985".
Pub. L. 99–120 substituted "November 14, 1985" for "September 30, 1985".
1983-Pub. L. 98–181 substituted "September 30, 1985" for "November 30, 1983".
Pub. L. 98–35 substituted "September 30, 1983" for "May 20, 1983".
1982-Pub. L. 97–289 substituted "May 20, 1983" for "September 30, 1982".
1981-Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "1982" for "1981".
Pub. L. 95–80 substituted "September 30, 1977" for "July 31, 1977".
Pub. L. 95–60 substituted "July 31, 1977" for "June 30, 1977".
1973-Pub. L. 93–234 substituted expiration of program provisions for $6,000,000,000 limitation on flood insurance coverage outstanding.
Pub. L. 93–38 substituted "$6,000,000,000" for "$4,000,000,000".
Pub. L. 93–4 substituted "$4,000,000,000" for "$2,500,000,000".
Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–396 effective as if enacted on Dec. 7, 2018, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 115–396, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 111–196 considered effective on May 31, 2010, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 111–196, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–199 considered to have taken effect on Dec. 31, 2003, see section 136(b) of div. H of Pub. L. 108–199, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.
Effective Date of 2003 Amendments
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–171 effective Dec. 31, 2003, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 108–171, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–3 effective Dec. 31, 2002, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 108–3, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599D(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2663 , provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 4056 of this title] are made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998]."
Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
Section effective 120 days following Aug. 1, 1968, or such later date prescribed by the Secretary but in no event more than 180 days following Aug. 1, 1968, see section 1377 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as a note under section 4001 of this title.
Extension of Program
Pub. L. 115–141, div. M, title III, §301, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1049 , provided that: "Sections 1309(a) and 1319 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4016(a) and 4026) shall be applied by substituting 'July 31, 2018' for 'September 30, 2017'."
Pub. L. 110–329, div. A, §145, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3581 , as amended by Pub. L. 111–8, div. J, §101, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 988 , provided that sections 1309(a) and 1319 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4016(a) and 4026) should each be applied by substituting "September 30, 2009" for "September 30, 2008".
Pub. L. 105–64, Oct. 23, 1997, 111 Stat. 1343 , provided that the provision amended by section 118 of Pub. L. 105–46 (see 1997 Amendment note above) should be applied as if "November 7, 1997" was substituted for "October 23, 1997".