throughout Latin America to prepare trip packages for individuals traveling to Brazil for the World Cup and Olympics.
You have been recruited by a new travel agency, Latin American Expeditions, to prepare a Latin American trip package. The packages must highlight the country’s physical characteristics, historical landmarks, cultural heritage, and modern life. You may select from the provided countries. Your purpose is to expose tourists to the variety of land and human characteristics that make the countries throughout Latin America unique. Tourists may also discover some of the challenges Latin Americans face.
Once you’ve determined your packages, you will prepare a brochure to share them with potential customers. Your final task is to present your trip packages to the agency’s leaders and persuade them to offer your packages to customers.
You will find specific directions for how to complete these tasks on the Process 1 or Process 2 pages.


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Today’s post is by one of our Master’s students, Josh Laird. Josh is a first-year student who is conducting research on taxonomic diversity associated with hydrothermal vents in the Pierre Shale. Josh discusses his work with a significant invertebrate collection.
Currently I am in the process of curating the portion Bishop Decapod Collection that is stored in the Museum of Geology. The collection is dominated by crabs and lobsters from the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, mostly from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota. It is not an exaggeration to state that there are thousands of individual specimens in this collection.
All collections have their own unique hurdles to overcome in order to successfully integrate into the main body of collections and the Bishop Collection is no different. Challenges present in two ways: 1. Unpacking and storing thousands of concretions, and 2. Making the specimens and their associated information easily located and utilized.
When unpacking specimens it is possible to find everything from individuals that have been displayed on a museum floor, to sample bags of fragmented lobsters with sediment, and even unbroken, ten pound concretions. I remove these specimens from their original containers and place them into acid-free paperboard boxes and/or glass vials. Specimens are then stored by locality and given a catalog number.
Assigning a catalog number can surprisingly be much more difficult than I at first expected. Depending on the nature of the specimens they are assigned catalog numbers differently. Many times there are hundreds of specimens from a single locality. As such, many specimens do not have very much, if any, information specific to the individual. These specimens are grouped together as a single “lot” of many specimens and assigned a single catalog number. When specimens are fragmented, or have their own information (such as species identification, photographs, etc.) they are given their own catalog number to keep information together and prevent fragments from becoming lost.
A single Linuparus sp. specimen on the left was assigned a single catalog number because it had unique information and fragments that could be lost in a general lot. On the right, thirty-nine crabs in concretion were placed in a lot and assigned a single catalog number.
Once a specimen is assigned a catalog number, I input all of the associated information into the Specify Database for the museum. We use this database to digitize information such as where specimens were collected, who collected them, etc., as well as keep track of where specimens and their associated information are stored in the building. Currently I have assigned nearly 350 catalog numbers to this collection and I feel it’s safe to say that the finished project will include at least 1000 numbers. In the next stage of this project, Specify will also be used to store scans of original information for the specimens.
A Linuparus sp. abdomen and its associated information which will be scanned and connected to the specimen through the Specify database.


Winter is coming. Cold feet ? Warm Socks.


Saint Agapitus, Bishop of Rome, was a zealous adherent of Orthodoxy. By his pious life he won the general esteem and was elevated to the See of Rome in the year 535.
The Gothic king Theodoric the Great sent Agapitus to Constantinople for peace negotiations. Along the way, Saint Agapitus encountered a man who was lame and mute. He healed him of his lameness, and after receiving the Holy Mysteries the mute one spoke. After arriving in Constantinople, the saint healed a blind beggar.
At that time, a local Council was convened in Constantinople. Saint Agapitus participated in it and zealously defended the Orthodox teaching against the heretic Severus, who taught that the Body of the Lord Jesus Christ was subject to decay similar to every man’s body.
Saint Agapitus died at Constantinople in the year 536.


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This SOFTWARE LICENSE AND NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT (“Agreement”) is between Drake Software, LLC (“Drake”) and “Licensee” (as defined below).
PLEASE READ THIS CAREFULLY. This Agreement is effective immediately upon opening the Software package or by using the Software, whichever occurs first, and shall remain in force until terminated. Should this Agreement be terminated for any reason, including Drake’s terminating for Licensee’s failure to comply, Licensee shall destroy or return to Drake the original and any copies of the Software, including partial copies, in any and all forms, with a written statement that such destruction or return of the Software has been accomplished.
Software – The applications produced by Drake for the commercial preparation of federal and state tax returns, scanning and storing documents, electronic filing of tax returns and processing of Bank Products (as defined below).
License Fee – The fee paid by the Licensee for the use of the Software.
Licensee -- The individual or entity that has or is responsible for remittance of payment of the License Fee to Drake and is responsible for compliance with this Agreement.
Site - One (1) contiguous interconnected office space.
Authorized User – Anyone at a Site whom the Licensee has authorized to use the Software and has retained responsibility for compliance with this Agreement.
Desktop Application – The Software installed on a personal computer or local area network.
Web Based Application – The Software hosted on Drake’s servers and computers, licensed by Site and hosted by Drake. Products included in this definition are Remote1040 and Drake Zero Multisite.
Online Account – The account of the Licensee accessed via the web and hosted by Drake.
Bank Product – Tax refund related settlement products, also known as “financial products,” including but not limited to refund transfers (also known as RACs, RTs, bonuses, etc.), refund loans, and any other products which facilitate the payment of tax preparation fees from the proceeds of taxpayers’ refunds or advance funds to taxpayer in anticipation of repayment from the proceeds of the tax refund.
Approved Banking Partner – A provider of Bank Products which has been approved by Drake to facilitate and provide Bank Products to Licensees of the Software.
Software as a Service (“SAAS”) – A version of the Software licensed through a subscription service via the web and hosted by Drake. Products included in this definition are Drake Zero.
Evaluation Software – A version of the Software which is not for commercial purposes, but for the sole purpose of evaluating the prospect of licensing the Software.
Subscriber – A Licensee utilizing SAAS products.
Grant of License. The Software is a proprietary product of Drake. It is licensed, not sold, and is licensed only on the condition that the Licensee agrees to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. In consideration of and upon receipt of payment of a License Fee by Licensee, Drake grants to Licensee a non-exclusive, nontransferable license to use the Software and any associated manuals and/or documentation under the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
Installation Limitations: A separate licensed copy of the Software must be purchased for each EFIN that transmits returns. Licensee shall limit the use of the Software to one Site per license, The license for use of a Desktop Application version of the Software must be registered to a particular Site and may only be used by Authorized Users primarily working out of such Site. The license for use of a Web Based Application version of the Software must be registered to a particular Site and may only be used by Authorized Users primarily working out of such Site. A Web Based Application may be accessed at any location by an Authorized User through use of such Authorized User’s Online Account access information. Upon request, Licensee agrees to provide to Drake complete records of the location of any Site, and the number of copies of the Software in use at that Site. This Agreement specifically prohibits access of the Software remotely from non- licensed Sites, with all remote usage requiring an additional license and Authorized User for each remote location outside the Site.
Hosting: Utilizing a hosting service does not relieve Licensee of any of its obligations under this Agreement. Installing, uploading or otherwise using the Software to a server with remote access, including the Internet, will require a separate License for each Site accessing the Software. Drake reserves the right to audit and approve any third party hosting service for compliance with this Agreement.
Non-disclosure: LICENSEE SHALL NOT PROVIDE OR DISCLOSE OR OTHERWISE MAKE AVAILABLE THE SOFTWARE OR ANY PORTION THEREOF IN ANY FORM TO ANY THIRD PARTY. LICENSEE SHALL EXERCISE DUE DILIGENCE IN PROTECTING ALL OWNERSHIP RIGHTS AND TRADE SECRETS OF DRAKE. All pricing and other financial aspects of this license are CONFIDENTIAL and may not be shared with any third party except with the express written consent of Drake.
Non-use of Drake Intellectual Property: Without the prior written consent of Drake, which Drake may withhold in its sole discretion, Licensee may not use for marketing, advertising or any other purpose the names “Drake,” “Drake Software,” any derivative thereof, any trademark or logo of Drake or any affiliate, or any other intellectual property or property rights of Drake.
Restrictions on Use of Software: The Software may be used for the commercial preparation and filing of federal and state income tax returns and processing of Bank Products. ALL OTHER USES ARE EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED.
Updates: Drake may notify Licensee of any enhancements or updates released by Drake for the Software licensed hereunder. Any such updates shall be subject to the terms of this Agreement and any other Drake terms, conditions and charges. ONLY REGISTERED LICENSEES WILL BE OFFERED ANY SUCH UPDATES. These updates will be provided via the Internet at no extra charge to Licensee through October 15, 2014.
Trademarks/Copyrights/Trade Names: The Software is the sole and exclusive property of Drake, and may be protected by copyright, trade secret and other intellectual property laws. Any use of Trademarks or Trade names of Drake without Drake’s express written consent is prohibited.
Licensee understands and agrees that all decisions regarding the tax treatment of items reflected on tax returns prepared by Licensee using the Software are made solely by Licensee and that use of the Software does not relieve Licensee of responsibility for the preparation, accuracy, content, and review of such returns.
Licensee acknowledges that Licensee does not rely upon Drake for advice regarding the appropriate tax treatment of items reflected on returns prepared and/or processed using the Software. The Licensee will review any computations made by the Software and satisfy Licensee that those computations are correct.
Licensee is responsible for the keying of all information accurately into the Software, including but not limited to direct deposit information as it pertains to taxpayers’ data for receiving refunds.
Licensee agrees to abide by and comply with all regulations and laws which pertain to the commercial preparation of tax returns, including but not limited to IRS Regulations, publications and other applicable laws.
Licensee agrees not to utilize the Software or any of Drake’s services for any illegal or fraudulent purpose, including but not limited to misrepresenting taxpayer information, falsely representing identities, or other illegal activity.
Licensee is solely responsible for the backup and retention of all data, unless specifically accepted by Drake.
Licensee agrees to provide Drake a copy of their EFIN assignment letter from the Internal Revenue Service prior to utilizing the electronic filing services of Drake.
If Licensee participates in the DrakeHealth referral program (“DrakeHealth”), Licensee agrees to abide by all terms and conditions of DrakeHealth including the Guidelines published by Drake from time to time on the Drakesoftware.com website (https://support.drakesoftware.com/Site/MyAccount/DrakeHealth.aspx). Participating in DrakeHealth will include but not be limited to sending Licensee’s unique URL to any third party, providing reports generated from the Software pertaining to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), DrakeHealth.com or Ehealth.com websites, qualifying for or receiving any payment of a referral fee from Drake, or otherwise benefitting from DrakeHealth. All other provisions of this agreement, including but not limited to Sections 7, 14, 15, 16 and 17, apply to DrakeHealth. In addition, in order to qualify for any referral fee payment, Licensee must have a current licensed copy of the Software, and be in compliance with all provisions of this Agreement.
Except as set forth in Subparagraph 5c. below, Licensee shall utilize an Approved Banking Partner to process all Bank Products for taxpayers served by Licensee Sites during the Term of this Agreement.
Licensee understands and agrees that fees will be charged by Drake for returns with Bank Products. A transmission fee and a technology fee will be withheld for each funded Bank product transmitted through Drake with an Approved Banking Partner, and will be deducted from the proceeds due to the taxpayer. These fees are subject to change without notice. Licensee agrees to obtain proper approval from the taxpayer for withholding these fees from the proceeds of the taxpayer’s refund.
Communicate in writing the Licensee’s intention not to utilize an Approved Banking Partner to process Bank Products prior to January 1, 2014 or at the time of purchase of the License if later.
Pay a fee to Drake in an amount determined by Drake, for each tax return submitted with a Bank Product from a provider who is not an Approved Banking Partner, in an amount greater than amounts charged in 5(b). These fees are subject to change without notice.
Select the “Bank Product Indicator” field in the Software prior to submitting the tax return for processing, as well as all other data which may be required by Drake in its discretion.
Prepay to Drake a non-refundable amount determined by Drake, in a method prescribed by Drake, prior to transmitting returns to Drake. Any amount due in excess of this amount shall be calculated by multiplying the number of Bank Products times the amount determined by Drake in 5.c ii. above, or other per-return fee less the non-refundable pre-payment, but not less than zero.
Additional charges, including a License Fee in a greater amount, may apply in Drake’s discretion if Licensee chooses not to use an Approved Banking Partner.
Term: The License granted under this Agreement is for tax year 2013 only. The ability to electronically file returns, access to web sites and other web based products related to the Software will expire on December 31st, 2014, although access to associated data may be available to Licensee upon request for an additional 30 days after expiration.
Extension of Term: If Licensee purchases a License for tax year 2014 this Agreement will be extended for an additional year, subject to the terms and conditions of the tax year 2014 License Agreement.
Termination for Cause: Drake may terminate Licensee’s rights under this Agreement immediately and without notice if Licensee fails to comply with any term or condition. The License granted pursuant to this Agreement will immediately terminate and Licensee shall immediately uninstall the Software from all computer(s) and/or networks, return the Software to Drake and destroy all backup copies. Any termination of this Agreement shall not affect Drake’s rights hereunder, including suspension of access for Web Based Applications.
Other Termination: Drake reserves the right to suspend or otherwise limit electronic filing of tax returns by Licensee at the direction of any valid governmental agency, legal authority, court order, or other reasons which Drake may, at its sole discretion, determine may put at risk Drake’s responsibilities to the IRS E-File Program.
This Agreement applies only to the 2013 version of the product(s) referenced herein and DOES NOT constitute an offer or in any way guarantee the availability, now or ever, of any other Drake products or versions to Licensee.
Support. Drake reserves the right to limit support to the current tax year’s Software, and to only current Licensees.
Licensee will utilize the Software for the sole purpose of commercial preparation of federal and state tax returns and electronically filing tax returns for taxpayers. Any other use of this Software is EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED.
Licensee will comply with all federal, state and other regulations.
Licensee represents to Drake that the information provided to Drake by Licensee concerning the EFIN, firm name, contact name, address, and all other identifying information of Licensee is correct and accurate. Any changes to this information must be provided to Drake in writing within 30 days of changing.
Right to Change and Modify Software. Drake may in its discretion change any feature or aspect of the Software or services provided without prior notice to Licensee.
Evaluation Software.If Licensee is utilizing the Evaluation Software, all provisions of this Agreement will apply, except as modified by this section. The Evaluation Software will have certain limitations, including but not limited to the inability to electronically file or produce or process live tax returns. It is to be used for evaluation purposes only, and not for commercial purposes. To utilize the Software for commercial purposes, the Licensee must purchase a valid License.
Service Bureaus and Multi-Sites. . If Licensee is providing services to multiple offices, including purchasing Software for those Sites, Licensee must execute Drake’s Multi Site Agreement prior to this License being valid. Reselling, charging separate fees for the Software or representing the authorization to sell the Software on behalf of Drake are all prohibited.
Web Based Applications and SAAS.
Subscriber acknowledges and accepts the terms and conditions of this Agreement by using the SAAS.
In consideration of and upon receipt of payment of a subscription service fee by Subscriber, Drake grants to Subscriber a non-exclusive, nontransferable, limited license to use the SAAS at such time as it is generally available, solely as permitted by these terms. This Agreement does not grant Subscriber access to Drake’s Software, data, or property other than for the purposes of using the SAAS.
Subscriber agrees to pay a fee for each return activated, and all payments for returns purchased through the SAAS are NON-REFUNDABLE.
Drake reserves the right to place limitations on the SAAS including access to the 1040 series of forms only.
Subscribing to the SAAS does not grant to Subscriber the right to use any other Drake products, including the Desktop Applications.
Subscriber agrees not to provide access to the SAAS to any party other than those authorized to use the SAAS under the Subscriber’s Online Account. Drake specifically prohibits access to the SAAS by more than one (1) EFIN. Subscriber will take reasonable precautions to safeguard Subscriber’s password and keep it confidential. Subscriber agrees to use the SAAS only for lawful purposes. Subscriber is responsible for providing, at their expense, all necessary connections and equipment needed to access the SAAS. Subscriber must maintain the confidentiality of all assigned user names and IDs for the SAAS and Subscriber is responsible for all charges incurred under those user names and IDs, unless otherwise provided under these terms.
The availability of the SAAS may be subject to interruption and delay due to causes beyond Drake’s reasonable control.
Pay Per Return. If Licensee is using the Software under the Pay Per Return (PPR) option, Licensee agrees to pay Drake $19.00 for each return activated in excess of the number of returns included with this option. Licensees who choose the PPR option may convert to an unlimited package with no additional fee any time prior to the IRS accepting tax returns for the tax year. If Licensee chooses to convert to an unlimited package after such date, the price will be $1,615 less amounts previously paid for current tax year returns. This price is subject to change. Converting from the unlimited package to PPR is NOT ALLOWED.
Refund Policy. Licensee may elect to terminate this license prior to December 31, 2013 and receive a full refund with no penalty, provided Licensee returns all materials, undamaged, to Drake by REGISTERED MAIL within 30 days, with a written statement that Licensee has retained no copies of the Software, and has uninstalled all downloaded copies of the software, and that Licensee has not disclosed any of the materials to any third party whatsoever. After December 31, 2013, Licensee may request a refund within 72 hours or 3 business days of payment, provided Licensee has not electronically filed any tax returns with Drake. Drake will, in this case, refund the License Fee that Licensee has paid, less $200.00 for shipping, handling and restocking. NO REFUND OF FEES WILL BE MADE if Licensee has activated, prepared or filed any returns. No other offer of refund is provided. Where return of materials is concerned for the purposes of a refund, TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE.
Customer agrees to pay for Software prior to receiving, installing or commercially using the Software, unless a separate agreement is entered into.
Licensee grants to Drake an irrevocable right to offset unpaid Software License Fees with any and all fees collected by Drake remittable to Licensee. If Licensee does not comply with all terms of this Agreement, including payment of fees in a manner prescribed by Drake, Drake reserves the right to immediately cease offering all services and products to Licensee, including access to databases, e-filing systems and Software updates.
All sales, use and other taxes are the responsibility of the Licensee, and Licensee agrees that Drake may, at its sole discretion, charge and collect applicable taxes and fees as part of the purchase.
Applicable taxes are calculated on a product basis and are subject to variables determined by Drake, including Licensee’s ship to address and Licensee potentially providing a tax exempt certificate to Drake.
Indemnification of Drake. Licensee hereby agrees to indemnify and hold Drake harmless from and against any and all liabilities, losses, costs, expense, damages, and deficiencies during the term of this Agreement, including, without limitation, court costs and reasonable attorney fees, which directly or indirectly arise out of, result from or relate to (i) any and all liabilities, obligations, or claims, whether accrued, absolute, contingent, or otherwise, which have as a basis the operation of Licensee, any and all accounts payable of Licensee, and any and all taxes levied or incurred, whether payable to a federal, state, local or other governmental authority; (ii) any and all loss, claim, cause of action, liability, cost, expenses, damage or deficiency due to any breach by Licensee of any of its representations, warranties, or covenants contained in this Agreement; and (iii) all actions, suits, proceedings, demands, assessments, judgment costs and expenses, including the cost and expense of successful collection from Licensee or its legal representative, successors, or assigns of any amount due Drake hereunder or resulting herefrom.
Indemnification of Licensee. Drake hereby agrees to indemnify and hold Licensee harmless from and against any and all liabilities, losses, costs, expense, damages, and deficiencies during the term of this Agreement, including, without limitation, court costs and reasonable attorney fees, which directly or indirectly arise out of, result from or relate to any and all liabilities, obligations, or claims, whether accrued, absolute, contingent, or otherwise, which have as a basis the intellectual property ownership of the Software. Licensee agrees to notify Drake of such claims in writing within 30 days of becoming aware of said claim.
Drake represents and warrants it has the authority and right to grant the Licensee use of the Software as described in this Agreement.
Drake warrants that the Software shall operate substantially in accordance with the specifications contained in the user manual or other specifications provided by Drake (the “Specifications”) until October 15, 2014 (the “Warranty Period”). DRAKE MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ALL SUCH WARRANTIES BEING EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. If during the Warranty Period the Software does not operate in accordance with this warranty, Licensee shall promptly notify Drake in writing of any claimed deficiency and provide information sufficient to permit Drake to recreate the deficiency. If a deficiency exists which breaches the warranty, Drake shall, at its sole discretion and within thirty (30) days: (i) correct the deficiency so that the Software operates substantially in accordance with the Specifications; (ii) provide Licensee with a plan acceptable to Licensee for so correcting the deficiency; or (iii) with Drake’s prior written authorization and upon Licensee's de-installation of the Software and return of all copies of the Software to Drake, refund any License Fee paid to Drake, whereupon this Agreement shall terminate. The warranty shall not apply if the Software was not used in accordance with the specifications, the Software was altered, modified or converted by Licensee, the Licensee’s equipment malfunctioned and the malfunction caused the defect, or if the deficiency resulted from any other cause within the control of Licensee. Drake will exercise due care in conforming the Software to the requirements of the Federal and State authorities; however, the Licensee acknowledges that income tax preparation is subject to change and is of such complexity that the Software may have inherent defects.
THE REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE LICENSEE’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF THE WARRANTIES CONTAINED IN THIS AGREEMENT. DRAKE SHALL HAVE NO OTHER LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY TO LICENSEE FOR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE OR ANY PROGRAMS, SERVICES OR MATERIALS MADE AVAILABLE HEREUNDER OR THE USE OR MODIFICATION THEREOF. LICENSEE SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD DRAKE HARMLESS AGAINST ANY CLAIM BY A THIRD PARTY RELATING TO LICENSEE’S USE OF THE SOFTWARE OR THE RESULTS THEREOF.
Amendment, Modification and Waiver. This Agreement may be modified, amended or supplemented by Drake without prior written notice or consent of Licensee. Drake reserves the right to change, modify or update this Agreement with NO PRIOR NOTICE by posting the revised agreement on its website located at www.drakesoftware.com .
Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed under the laws of the State of North Carolina.
Arbitration. Any controversy or claim arising out of, or relating to, this Agreement, or the making, performance, or interpretation thereof, other than a claim by Drake for injunctive or other equitable relief, shall be settled by a single arbitrator in the City of Franklin, North Carolina, in accordance with the Rules of the American Arbitration Association then existing. Any judgment on the arbitration award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction over the subject matter of the controversy. The arbitrator shall be experienced in software-related issues.
Other Products Provided by Drake. . Licensee understands that Drake may provide to Licensee other products and services other than Software, such as a preparer web site, on-line filing through www.1040.com, on-line research, Drake user forum, etc. Drake makes no guarantee as to delivery time or availability of such products and services. Licensee agrees to hold Drake harmless for any failure in providing or delivering these products and services, and Drake shall have no liability or responsibility to Licensee for damages of any kind, including special, indirect or consequential damages, arising out of or resulting from such other products or services provided to Licensee by Drake. Use of the forum and editorial control of content is at Drake’s discretion. All Drake website content is controlled by Drake, including but not limited to the Drake Forums, Facebook, or other sites and Drake reserves the right to edit, delete, or withdraw access to support and public media websites at its sole discretion.
Other Terms. Supported systems are available in documentation and User manual for each Product. All Web Based Products require internet access.


We present an approach to improve simulation results by automatically mapping the network topology of real wireless networks into a simulation environment. We basically target two problem domains: First, simulations are often used with rather arbitrary configurations, i.e., the used settings may strongly deviate from realistic setups. Secondly, and as our key motivation, we aim to use the simulator to experiment with different algorithms and settings in parallel to an existing sensor network installation. That means that we want to exactly rebuild the real network in order to estimate the performance of our new settings before deploying them into the network. In our demo, we show that not only the physical environment influences the propagation of radio waves, but also the hardware. These changes are incorporated in realtime into our simulator. Even though the reasons for the strong variations are out of the scope, the consequences for the sensor network are significant. © 2011 Authors.
Strübe, M., Böhm, S., Kapitza, R., & Dressler, F. (2011). RealSim: Real-time Mapping of Real World Sensor Deployments into Simulation Scenarios. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM international workshop on Wireless network testbeds, experimental evaluation and characterization (WiNTECH '11) (pp. 95-96). Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Strübe, Moritz, et al. "RealSim: Real-time Mapping of Real World Sensor Deployments into Simulation Scenarios." Proceedings of the The Sixth ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and Characterization, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA 2011. 95-96.


HELLO, I am honored & humbled that you are considering me to document your wedding day or pre wedding photo. I am committed you preserve some of the most precious memories you will ever make. You can contact me from telephone email or this form. Award Wedding Photographer and Films Based in Thailand. And we also do overseas wedding and pre-wedding. We not a photographer, But we are your friend. We shoot like a friend and capture your good moment , good memories. Our style is wedding journalist and documentary. And when you look back in photo for your wedding day. You will feel like it's pass from yesterday.


Having a house is considered to be 1 of the best accomplishment and investment you’ll have. For sure you want all the best from the construction to the designs and other necessary details. To start off a home is to ensure a high quality made roofing.
Since the roof shingles is exposed to extreme climate modifications, they are susceptible to damages. One of the major causes of shingle damages is the freeze and thaw cycle that happens during the winter season period. As the snow melts throughout daytime, the drinking water runs down the roof. The water is then frozen throughout chilly evenings and then melts down once more the next working day.
Soldier – whether or not you are at war or not there is the ‘intensive’ training. Up at dawn, with bags full of bricks and operating about the woods. Absolutely nothing like the assault course you may have a go on for a hag or hen do. Once you’ve got all the training under your belt you’re flown off to some of the most harmful corners of the globe to get shot at. All of a sudden the commute to you workplace doesn’t appear so poor.
Call a minimum of two references and examine the projects completed. Ensure to notice consistency of their function. Don’t neglect to ask for about harm and other possible problems within the roof. Ask the homeowners about leaks and the existence of moss or algae. Request them if at any time they are content or would suggested this thi công mái tôn to anybody.
I don’t mean to scare you absent from the equity loan as a supply of funding. On the opposite, it can be a helpful instrument for a responsible borrower, and there are plenty of trustworthy loan companies that will provide you honest terms and therapy. I’m merely trying to warn you about the common scams that go along with these types of financial loans.
The style and technology of the significant electrical fireplace manufactures have created some incredible attributes. Depending on the design, most of the units arrive with a remote manage. The logs can be genuine logs with unique lighting to give the flicker of the fire. There is a sound that simulates the live fire. Some will also have the option to turn off or on the warmth. This way a fire can be loved even if you do not need the heat.
Do your self a favor and adhere with a pro. If you carry out a correct contractor job interview, then you know that you are heading to get a quality occupation by a certified and insured person who provides a warranty..and honors it. If you are not sure how to carry out a correct contractor job interview, you can discover information on this and other subjects at my web website.


-We all experienced updates with our upgrade to Windows 10 and Office 2016. There are settings in Windows 10 we are all figuring out and I hope the tips below will help you out. Windows 10 is profile based, meaning if I change settings for the lab computers, it will not be the same with your login in the computer lab.
-Teachers that completed ITA or Intel have access to Apple TV. Remember... apps like Doodle Buddy and Show Me allow you to annotate over sheets you have taken a picture of and project over Apple TV. This is great if your document camera is still not working. Plus, it puts you in the POWERZONE!
-With the implementation of STEAM, please hold off on reserving the iPad Cart. I hope to have a 3rd cart available for checkout soon!
Refer to the "Technology Subscriptions" attachment sent via email on Friday, August 26th from CTIS.


One of cryoSPARC's staple features is it's job builder, allowing you to quickly create jobs by simply dragging and dropping the outputs of one into the inputs of another one. In cryoSPARC v2.3, we've revamped the job builder to make it more powerful than ever, allowing you to access output data a lot easier and have more control over specific output data.
This tutorial builds off of the introductory T20S tutorial, which takes you through the process of running a workflow in cryoSPARC. Please read through it before proceeding.
Before we introduce the new job builder updates, let's dive into some details about how data is stored and used within cryoSPARC.
CryoSPARC handles bookkeeping and management of all files, inputs and outputs for every job type. The structure of inputs and outputs in cryoSPARC is designed to allow flexibility while removing ambiguities.
In cryoSPARC, the basic unit of data/metadata transferred betwen jobs is an item. Every item has a type, for example an exposure, particle, volume, mask, etc. Every item also has properties, with each property having a name (eg. ctf) and sub-properties containing actual metadata values (eg. ctf/defocus, ctf/astigmatism, etc). Collections of items with the same type and same properties, constitute a dataset. A dataset is essentially a table, where each row is a single item, and columns are properties/sub-properties. Every job can only input and output datasets. Therefore every type of data/metadata is stored in a dataset. On disk, datasets are stored in the .cs file format, which is a binary numpy format descibed in a later section.
for each type of item, the job defines certain properties that will be outputted. Each property is called a result. For example, a CTF estimation job would output a ctf result, containing sub-properties like defocus, astigmatism, spherical abberation, etc. The results that a job outputs are the basic component of what gets connected to other jobs.
the job defines certain result-groups - each one is a set of results that describe the same type of item. Thus a job can output a result-group defining particles, with two results, one ctf and another alignments.
the job defines input-groups each allowing a certain type of item like particles, volumes, etc.
each input-group also defines the number of different result-groups that can be connected to it. In general all the items from all result-groups that are connected are appended together to make one larger dataset that forms the input to the job. So for example, connecting two particle stacks to a single input-group will cause those stacks to be appended together.
The reason for this abstraction of results, result-groups, etc is so that in cryoSPARC, most connections between jobs can be made simply at the group level, without having to specify particular files, paths, columns or rows in tables or text files. Subsets of datasets can be easily defined and passed around, and different subsets can be joined together as inputs to a further job. For advanced uses, however, the lower-level results allow a user to connect only certain metadata about an item from one job to another, or override the metadata for certain properties in a result-group. Examples of how and when to use this capability follow.
In order to simplify long chains of processing, each job can input an arbitrary number of extra results that it doesn't actually need, and then output those results as "passthrough" metadata that is not read or modified by the job, but just passed along in its output so that subsetquent jobs can use it without needing to be manually connected to an earlier output in the chain.
CryoSPARC uses a simple common tabular format to store metadata about all types of items that are managed by the cryoSPARC system. Items include movies, micrographs, particles, volumes, and masks. Each item can have many different properties that are kept track of as the items progress through processing. Only some job types create items: Imports, particle extraction, ab-initio reconstruction, volume tools, etc. Most job types simply load items, process them to compute new properties of those items, and output the new properties. A collection of items of the same kind is called a dataset and can be represented in a single table of rows and columns.
In cryoSPARC, each item that is managed is assigned a unique identifier uid (a 64-bit integer) that is used to maintain correspondences across chains of processing jobs and to ensure that regardless of the order that a job outputs items, the properties of each items are always correctly assigned to the correct item.
The tabular format that cryoSPARC uses for this metadata and uid is an array of C structures, implemented using numpy structured arrays. These arrays are stored in memory and on disk in the same format. On disk, we store these arrays in binary format in .cs files. Each .cs file in cryoSPARC contains a single table. Each row corresponds to a single item. A .cs file must contain a column for the uid of each item, and further columns define properties/sub-properties of that item. Multiple .cs files therefore can be used in aggregate to define all the properties of a set of items, since the rows in every table all have a uid that can be used to join the tables. In general, when multiple tables are used to specify a dataset, the dataset contains only the intersection of items included in each table.
In cryoSPARC v2.3, there is now an outputs tab in the details view of every job. It contains sections for each output group, and within each section a list of all individual results, including passthroughs.
You can easily copy the path of an individual output or download the file directly using the copy and download buttons, respectively. It's also now possible to inspect or select different versions of an individual output by toggling the 'versions' section.
When building a job, you can drag and drop the header of the output group section to add the whole group. If you'd like to override a particular input slot, you can drag and drop the header of the individual output to a matching input slot. We'll see examples of how this can be useful later in this tutorial.
CryoSPARC v2.3 also includes an update to the job builder's inputs section, allowing for not only removing an existing group, but clearing individual input slots that are not required. You can use the outputs tab to drag and drop output groups and individual outputs into the matching slots. It is possible to override both optional and required input slots by connecting matching individual outputs.
There's now a requirements section for each group which specifies the minimum and maximum number of groups accepted, and whether or not repeat groups are accepted. The requirements section will be highlighed in green when you start to drag a matching output group and is highlighed in red when you do not meet that input group's requirements.
Building a job from output groups covers most use cases. In cryoSPARC v2.3, this works exactly as in previous versions of cryoSPARC v2; simply drag and drop an output group from the overview or outputs tab in the job details view.
The output groups list in the overview tab has been updated to be more user friendly and highlight key data. You can now download the latest version of all individual outputs by selecting from the download dropdown menu.
The addition of the outputs tab and the updated job builder inputs section allows for connecting low-level or individual outputs into an input group, overriding specific slots. This functionality alows for advanced users to experiment with their data more, and also makes certain tasks in cryoSPARC possible. In this section, we'll cover two such use cases for fine-tuned control over individual results.
When building a local resolution estimation job, it's now possible to use the outputs tab and override the half_map_A and half_map_B inputs from different jobs. The example below outlines the three step process of using one input group in the local resolution estimation job builder to populate volume data from three separate jobs.
If you use the downsample particles job to shrink particles to make other jobs such as 2D classification run faster, you will end up with a subset of particles later on but need to reference the original (non-downsampled) particle data when running a refinement to get full particle resolution. In this case, you can use the outputs tab and override the particles.blob input slot with the non-downsampled data that you previously connected as an input group.
We're excited to be adding this new functionality into cryoSPARC; it makes accessing data and creating custom jobs easier than ever. If you have any feedback or questions about the new job builder, feel free to consult the cryoSPARC discussion forum.


How Much Does a Stone Countertop Cost?
Natural stone countertops can be made from many different types of stone, including marble, slate, limestone, travertine, soapstone, sandstone, and even semiprecious stones such as onyx, agate, and rose quartz. Because no two slabs of natural stone are identical, each stone countertop is unique.
Of the natural stone materials, granite countertops are the most popular. For details, see How Much Does a Granite Countertop Cost.
Slab stone countertops--pieces of stone custom cut to the size and shape of a countertop -- cost $25-$100 and up per square foot, depending on the type of stone, thickness of the slabs, number of sink cutouts, edging style, and finish used. Natural stone countertop slabs for a typical kitchen with 30 square feet of counter space cost $750-$3,000 or more; professional installation is typically included in the per-square-foot price.
Marble slab countertops cost $50-$100 per square foot; $1,500-$3,000 for a typical kitchen.
Limestone and travertine slab countertops cost $50-$100 per square foot; $1,500-$3,000 for a typical kitchen.
Slate slab countertops cost $60-$70 per square foot; $1,800-$2,100 for a typical kitchen.
Natural stone tile countertops cost $6-$20 and per square foot, depending on the type of stone, thickness of the tiles, and finish. (Marble tiles cost $9.50-$20 per square foot. Limestone and travertine tile costs $6-$14 per square foot. Slate costs $7.50-$9 per square foot.) A typical 30 square foot kitchen countertop costs $285-$600.
The fabricator should cut sink and faucet holes to specifications provided by the contractor or homeowner. Often there is a choice between types of edges.
An industrial grade seal should be applied to the stone by the fabricator.
Installation of a natural stone countertop should include a professional pre-installation measurement, preparation of the counters (including leveling and shimming), cleanup, and final inspection.
Because natural stone countertops can be susceptible to chips, cracks, and scratches, the countertop may require periodic refurbishment by a stone restorer. Expect to pay $100-$300 or a little more, depending on the type of stone and the size of the countertops.
Resealing natural stone countertops can help keep them looking nice and make them less prone to stains and scratches. Sealant costs $15-$20 for one ounce, which treats 50 square feet of countertop.
Stone tile can be far less expensive than stone slabs; the material costs less, and a skilled DIYer can install stone tiles rather than hiring a contractor or installer.
It takes patience to find reclaimed stone countertops. But by using websites like Freecycle and Craigslist , and by scouting local kitchen counter stores, a dedicated scavenger can reclaim existing stone countertops at a fraction of the cost of new. Getting new sink and faucet cuts in reclaimed stone countertops costs extra.
Stone yards sell remnants of stone countertops. These can be found cheap, but getting them cut to size costs extra.
Before beginning to price natural stone tiles or slabs, measure the countertop area. Home Depot provides a worksheet to help calculate the measurements. The installer or contractor will do an official measurement later, but a good estimate can give a rough sense of the costs.
BobVila.com and ThisOldHouse.com describe the best uses for marble, slate, soapstone, limestone, and other natural stone countertop options.
Natural stone tiles can be purchased at Home Depot and at local high end kitchen & bath specialty stores.
Decide whether to use custom-fabricated slabs of stone, or if stone tiles will suffice. Slabs have few or no seams, create a perfectly smooth work surface for kitchen counters, and shine elegantly. Tiles can be 2 inches to 12 inches square and require mortaring or fixing to the counter; seams are visible and the surface may not be smooth.
Specific types of natural stone countertops are often associated with and named for the region where the stone is quarried; for example, New England slate and Kirkstone. Local stone can be comparatively less expensive due to decreased shipping costs; stone imported from other continents, such as Italian marble or travertine, can be very costly.
For semi-precious stone or other high-end natural stone countertops, check the websites of manufacturers like Concetto or Innovative Stone, which include links to local licensed retailers.
I am looking for a $25-$30 per SF granite slabs , for APX. 70 SF total Kitchen counter top & island , my budget is very tight . Snow White or Paige.


A council was held in the Fort with the French commander Sieur de Contrecoeur. He had three captains under him, Beaujeu, Dumas and Ligneris. The commandant came up with a plan. Beaujeu would have command of the force that was to repel the British with Dumas second in command. They would meet them on the road ambushing them at the ford where the road crossed the Monongahela. Langlade and the war chiefs objected. The spot was not to their liking. The terrain was two wide and open to conduct the type of warfare they were best at. They were ignored, the plan was set and the council concluded. Returning to their camps across the Alleghany the Ojibwa and their native allies prepared for war in their usual way.
War dances were danced and war songs were sung. These were interspersed with long harangues by war chiefs and seasoned warriors containing previous great deeds done in battle. These speeches always ended with a tremendous strike a the war post with a war club or tomahawk and loud shouts of war whoops. This spectacle never ceased to send a chill through their European allies. On this occasion it was the French who watched from Fort Duquesne’s ramparts along with a young English colonial who had been captured three days before.
Three days before the young Pennsylvanian James Smith was captured by three warriors, two Delaware and one Mohawk from Caughnawaga. His companion was killed and scalped but he was brought back to the fort a prisoner. He was only 18 years of age. When they neared the fort they gave the victory cry, a long halloo for each scalp or prisoner taken. Hundreds of warriors responded by pouring out of their wigwams shouting and screeching and firing their guns in the air. The French responded to the celebration likewise by firing off their guns including cannon from inside the fort. Smith was awed by the din and thought they must number in the thousands. What was about to come surprised him even more.
A great number of warriors began to form two columns. They were all whooping and yelling and carrying sticks. All were prepared for war with faces and bodies painted in various pigments of red, black, yellow and blue wearing nothing but breechcloths. It was a fearsome sight for the young man to behold.
One of the Delaware warriors who captured him spoke a little English and told him he must run between the two columns from one end to the other. He said to run fast, the faster the better as they were going to beat him. A shove from his advisor started him racing receiving blows all the way. As he neared the end one blow knocked him down. He tried to get up but someone threw sand in his eyes so he could not see where he was going. Beaten down again he took the warriors blows until he was rendered unconscious. Young James regained consciousness inside the fort being attended to by the post physician.
Smith was interrogated by the war chiefs after receiving medical attention. Then the Delaware warrior who spoke English came to see him. He asked his captor why the warriors treated him so badly thinking he had offended them in some way. But he was told that he did not offend but it was just an old custom they had…like saying, how do you do? Smith then asked if he would be permitted to stay with the French and was told he would not but after he recovered he must live with the Delaware and become one of them. When he could get out of bed he made his way around with the aid of a crutch.
Meanwhile, General Braddock and his army had left Williamsburg following the road cut by the Virginians the year before. They were an impressive sight to behold. A long column of British regulars, 1,750 in all, dressed in bright red tunics, white helmets and sashes with steel bayonets flashing in the sun. They were followed by 450 Virgina Militia dressed in blue. Interspersed in the column were cannon and howitzers, 600 pack horses and 175 wagons carrying supplies and tools. All of this to supply the newly conquered fort and more.
The colonies were hemmed in by mountain ranges which made expansion impossible. But the British had ambitions to do just that and they had a plan. Braddock was to take Fort Duquesne and quickly move on to Fort Niagara. Sir William Johnson was to take Crown Point. William Shirley Sr., Governor of Massachusetts, was made a Major General and was to take Fort Beausejour. This all on the pretense that the French had invaded British territory. It seemed impossible that the plan should fail. The colonies had yet to see an army the size of Braddock’s and the English had population figures on their side. The total white population of New France, from Quebec to Louisiana, was just under 80,000. The British on the other hand had a population of 1.6 million including 200,000 slaves.
So Braddock headed for Fort Duquesne with his superior army and his arrogance intact. He had little respect for the colonial militia and even less for First Nation warriors. Benjamin Franklin, who was the postmaster of Pennsylvania at the time, came to see him at Williamsburg. He spent five days with Braddock and warned him of the forest warfare practiced by the First Nations suggesting that he should consider new battle tactics. Braddock replied “These savages may, indeed, be a formidable enemy to your raw American militia, but upon the King’s regular and disciplined troops, sir, it is impossible that they should make an impression.” Braddock was about to get the shock of his life!
By the mid 18th century the Ohio valley was a hotbed of activity. The population was made up of many First Nations villages and towns. They included many Delaware, Shawnee, Miami and Wyandotte communities with a few roaming Ottawa and Iroquois bands. The English called the Iroquois in the area Mingoes. British traders had set up trading houses at the larger First Nations’ towns. But the English had more in mind than just trade with the First Nations. They wanted their land for settlement.
They had signed the Treaty of Albany with the Iroquois in 1722 that marked out a line dividing their territory with the colony of Virgina. That line basically followed the Blue Ridge mountains. However, Virginian settlers soon began crossing the Blue Ridge and squatting on First Nations’ territory. Many paid with their lives and by the 1740’s the Iroquois were so frustrated with their allies, the British, that they were ready to declare all out war on Virgina. In 1743 the British paid the Iroquois 100 pounds stirling for any territory claimed by them in the Shenandoah Valley. The following year under the treaty of Lancaster the Iroquois sold the British all of the Shenandoah Valley for 200 pounds of gold. At the Treaty of Logstown in 1752 the Iroquois recognized English trading rights in all of their territory southeast of the Ohio River.
The French saw the Ohio River Valley as French territory by way of discovery by La Salle and by way of French presence in the territory for a hundred years previous. They saw all this British activity as a violation of the treaty of Utrecht, which at best gave the British only the right to trade with First Nations in their own territory. The British crown complained to the French court in Paris, but this was a long process.
Lieutenant-Governor Dinwiddie of Virgina believed the Ohio Territory belonged to the Colonies under Virgina’s original charter. The boundaries in the charter were more than vague so he extended the northern border to at least include the Ohio River and its tributaries. On top of all the activity around trade the English wanted this territory for settlement. In order to facilitate this settlement the Ohio Company was formed. It was an association given a grant of 500,000 acres in the Ohio Valley by the British crown providing they could establish 100 families, build a fort and maintain a garrison there within seven years.
The French were not about to sit idly by and let the British take over the territory. Officially the British Crown complained to the French Court at Paris. Unofficially the French were about to take action to reassert their ownership of the territory that gave them unfettered access from Quebec to Louisiana. Duquesne, governor of New France, ordered a French presence in the territory backed by a series of French forts.
The French landed an expedition at P’resqu Isle, today’s Erie, Pennsylvania, on the south shore of Lake Erie. It had a fine natural harbor so they build a fort here then cleared a roadway of only a few leagues to Riviere Aux Boeufs today called French Creek. They built another fort here calling it Fort Le Boeuf.
The First Nations of the territory saw an opportunity to play one European nation against the other. Although they had a trading alliance with the British they had always been more fully allied with the French. They all went out of their way to help the French move the large amount of heavy supplies to garrison two forts. The only ally the British had in the area that was fully committed to them were the Mingoes. Shortly after Fort Le Boeuf was built a Mingo chief named the Half King arrived and ordered the French to leave the territory. But the French were arrogant and haughty laughing the Half King out of the fort. He was mortified and full of rage against the French. They had made an enemy that were sure to hear from again.
In the fall of 1753 Legardeur de St. Pierre arrived to command Fort Le Boeuf. He had just settled in expecting a long and monotonous winter when a stranger arrived on horseback along with the fall rains mixed with wet snow. He was tall, young and brash a mere youth of 21 years. He was accompanied by a much older man, several others with the pack horses backed by the Half King and several warriors. He carried a letter from Dinwiddie introducing him and containing orders for the French to leave British territory immediately. His name was George Washington.
St. Pierre afforded the young Virginian Major every courtesy and after studying the document he had presented he replied by letter to Dinwiddie that he would forward his correspondence to Duquesne for consideration. In the meantime he could only remain at his post and follow the orders of his general.
Washington struggled through extreme winter conditions to return to Virgina. He finally arrived at Williamsburg by mid January and gave his report to Dinwiddie. It not only included St. Pierre’s letter of response but the information given him by some French soldiers at a French outpost at the mouth of French Creek that the French had every intention of taking the country by force and nothing would deter them.
By 1750 the Saulteax Ojibway living in the St. Clair region had expanded. The Ojibwa from Swan Creek expanded across Lake St. Clair and up the Thames River. They had established a village near present day London and one at the mouth of Kettle Creek on Lake Erie.
The Ojibway living at the mouth of the Black River, at the foot of Lake Huron, had expanded both east and west. They had established villages on Bear Creek as well as the mouth of the Au Sable River in Ontario. They also expanded west establishing villages at Nepessing Lake and along the Flint River in Michigan. Animikeence or Little Thunder was their leading war chief at this time.
Under the Treaty of Utrecht the English claimed they had gained the right to trade with the First Nation allies of the French from the upper lakes. Although the French contested this point if was a certain fact that it did not give them the right to set up trading posts in Ohio country. However, they did just that.
British traders moved into the Ohio Valley setting up posts along it as well as its tributaries. They did this under the pretense that it was Iroquois land and as sovereign over the Iroquois they had the right to expand into this new territory. The French claimed it as part of New France, discovered by La Salle and there had been a French presence there for decades.
None of this was really true. Ohio country was First Nations lands belonging to the Miami, Delaware and Shawnee nations. The French didn’t really discover the territory as it was never lost nor were the British ever the Iroquois’ sovereigns. Be this as it may the French forged ahead with a plan to oust the English.
Monsieur Celoron, major commandant at Detroit was to take a detachment of French soldiers supported by a large force of First Nation allies and clear the region of English traders. The idea was to arrest the traders, confiscate their goods and make the Miami understand that although they could go to Albany to trade with the English under no certain terms could they allow the English to establish themselves in French territory.
The plan failed miserably. The Saulteax refused to endorse it saying that because of the close proximity of the Miami many had intermarried and they would have no part in a war against their relatives. Little Thunder also refused to allow French allies from further north to pass through their territory to support Celoron.
Celoron pushed ahead entering Miami territory with a few French regulars and a few First Nation warriors. They had a little success in removing a few English traders and their goods but in the process killed two Miami people. These murders only served to stir up the First Nations who were trading with the English and setting them against the French.
Meanwhile, Monsieur de Lajonquiere, Governor of Canada, had instructions from France to encourage the Five Nations to destroy the English post at Oswego. He was to convince them that an English post on their territory was an affront to their sovereignty. To accomplish this he went too far by giving the impression that France accepted the Onondaga’s contention that Ohio belonged to the Iroquois and that the French should not establish themselves there without their permission. He did this at solemn council which also included the Christian Iroquois from Quebec as well as the Abenaki of St. Francis and the Ottawa of Michilimackinac.
In 1752 de Lajonquiere was replaced by Ange du Quesne as Governor. The French minister wrote to du Quesne with orders from the king. He was to make sure the territory was cleared of English traders and their goods confiscated without causing a war with any of the First Nations, no easy feat with Little Thunder and the Saulteax standing in the way. He was also ordered to do all in his power to destroy the impression of First Nations sovereignty over land and to prevent any consequences that might arise due to de Lajonquiere’s error in judgement.
The Fox came under attack from various enemies over the next three years. In 1729 the Mascoutins and the Kickapoo made several raids on their villages. They were seeking revenge for the killing of their two hunters. The next year they were attacked by a force of 150 Frenchmen, from both Canada and Louisiana, and 900 First Nation warriors. The Fox had constructed a fort on a plain situated between the Wabash and Illinois rivers about 180 miles south of Chicago and southeast of present day Peoria, Illinois. They blockaded them in their fort finally forcing them out by starvation. They chased them down killing 200 warriors and 200 women and children. Another four or five hundred women and children were taken captive and distributed among the various First Nations.
The year after their defeat in Illinois the nation of the same name attacked the Fox once again at a Fox village somewhere between le Rocher on the Illinois River and Miami country. When the Kickapoo, Mascoutins and Potawatomi heard this they went there immediately. When they arrived the Illinois withdrew and six Potawatomi were wounded and a seventh one was killed. Two Mascoutin were also killed as well as a few of the Fox warriors. They traded insults with the Fox calling out that they would make their supper off the Potawatomi, Mascoutin and Kickapoo. The great Pottawatomie war chief, Madouche replied it was the Fox that would make food for all the nations. Then the Illinois returned to join the fight and some time later the Fox withdrew.
In the summer of 1732 the Wyandotte, Ottawa and Potawatomi from Detroit made a sortie into Fox country. They split into two groups. The first group contained all the Wyandotte and about ten Ottawa warriors. They were the first to arrive on the shores of Lake Marameek where the Fox had constructed a fort on a tongue of land between the shore and an impassable wetland. Lake Marameek is undetermined but there is a Maramee River about 20 miles south of St. Louis, Missouri.
They held back until the next day when, at daybreak, they sent a party of five or six to scout near the palisade. A woman came out and they killed her. When the Fox saw this they sortied out of their fort but were ambushed by the larger force. They had four warriors killed and a few more wounded so they retreated back into their fort.
The next day the rest of the Ottawa and Potawatomi arrived and they brought the le Rocher Illinois with them. The Fox came out to meet them again and three Wyandotte were killed and a few of their allies were wounded. The Fox retreated again into their fort.
The Wyandotte called a council and it was decided to parlay with the Fox. They determined that a Potawatomi chief should go into the fort and propose that the Fox surrender and they would spare their lives. When he delivered this proposal the Fox told him they did not trust them to keep their word. Instead they proposed that the war party from Detroit should withdraw and the Fox would stay quiet in their fort until the following spring at which time they would come to Detroit or the St. Joseph River to settle up for the lives lost. This is how the whole affair ended. However, the Wyandotte sent their greatest chief La Forest to Montreal to ask the Wyandotte of Lorette and the Iroquois of the Lake of Two Mountains to join them in a war on the Fox to settle the matter.
The Fox had lost their allies and were being refused asylum by their once friendly neighbors the Sioux and the Winnebago. The French were attacking them as well as all the nations around them. By 1732 they were in poor shape indeed.


Invention Ideas for Students and How Think of New Inventions.
Great invention ideas for students, and even adults and how to come up with new invention ideas.
Invention ideas for students and ways to come up with new product ideas.
They say that the mother of invention is necessity. I've found that to be true over my 40 years or so of being an inventor. Another way of putting it is; find a need and fill it. So the best time to think of an invention might be that moment when you are thinking to yourself “I wish there was an easier way to do this”. At that moment stop and think of all the possible ways the task could be made easier or eliminated.
Get creative - Use your imagination!
One thing I like to do when I discover a task that I find tiresome or boring or difficult, is to imagine the wackiest crazy ways of solving the problem. This often leads to interesting ways of doing things. It never hurts to use your imagination. Imagination is like a muscle, the more you use it the easier it gets. Imagination is tied to creativity. If you can't imagine something then I can guarantee you that you won't create it. First you have to imagine it, and then you can bring it to reality.
I've compiled a list of interesting invention ideas…maybe something on the list will spark you imagination and lead to that one-in-a-million idea that becomes a real invention.
New kind of toothbrush Example of wild idea: Develop an ultrasonic transducer to clean your teeth like those ultrasonic cleaners used by jewelers. Pop it in your mouth with some water and hold for 30 seconds….
Stay-Open-Freezer Bags Put wires in the plastc bag about where the zip lock thingy is so you could bend the wires to hold the bag open while filling with soup or whatever.
Audio Sneakers Build audio circuitry into kids shoes so when you take a step the shoe makes a sound such as Clip-Klop, or squish squish, and make a few selectable sounds.
Diaper Alert: Make diapers change color when they get wet, so you don't have to poke your finger in to see if it is wet and needs changing.
Iphone amplifier: Create a case for the iphone that has an amplifier so you can easily hear your Iphone without having to hold it up to your ear.
Teflon Tape Dispenser: A dispenser that would make it easy to find the end of the tape and to cut it off where you want it. Teflon tape used in plumbing is a real pain to use.
What do I do after my great idea?
Once you've had that brilliant idea, then what to do?
Well there are several things that need to be done but in what order is difficult to determine ahead of time. In some cases your first step would be to build a prototype. This would tell you if it could be made economically and how well it works. For other inventions you might want to check first to see if it is already patented. I recommend using Google's patent search service.
With some ideas you would want to find out first if there was even a market… if no one wants it then why bother?
If it's a really good idea, and people want it, and you can't find anything like it by doing a patent search on Google, then the next step would be to have a professional patent search done by a reputable patent attorney. It will cost you about $500, but it's worth every penny.


We're being invited to the last wedding to place in the UK before Brexit.
The ceremony will be performed in both English and Polish, and is the premise for a new one-woman comedy exploring the current political climate.
Wesele/Wedding explores our post brexit future from both sides.
Margot Przymierska is the writer and star of the show.


Cywain, delivered by Menter a Busnes is a model providing targeted support to micro and SME businesses operating in the Welsh food and drink sector. We are now entering a new stage and have received funding through the Welsh Government Rural Communities - Rural Development Programme 2014 – 2020 to provide a revised service. Additional funding has been secured until March 2018. We are awaiting confirmation if we have been successful with our application for new project funds from April 2018 until October 2022.
The service supports businesses to increase their capacity and capability, facilitate knowledge transfer and industry intelligence as well as strengthening supply chain integration. Delivery is pan Wales with an emphasis on collaboration through clustering, adding value, market development for growth and job creation. Cywain has developed a wide network of stakeholders and integral to the client development is a coherent approach with other delivery partners.
Support the Project Manager to record, collect and analyse client feedback.
Interviews will be held for this post at Menter a Busnes’ office in Aberystwyth on Wednesday, 1 May 2019. If this date is inconvenient, please note on your application form.
Caerdydd / Bangor / Aberystwyth. Ystyrier lleoliadau eraill / Other locations will be considered.


Harvey Nichols' print ad starring Bo Gilbert, Carlsberg's "90 minute break" and The Guardian's "Independence" take the lead in the top 10 press ads of 2016.
1. Harvey Nichols "Bo Gilbert – the 100-year-old model"
The department store celebrated Vogue UK’s 100th anniversary by featuring 100-year-old model Bo Gilbert in the centenary issue.
Adam & Eve/DDB created the campaign to address ageism in the fashion industry as well as promote the retailer’s willingness to "do things differently". The elegant images were shot by renowned fashion photographer Phil Poynter, launch creative director of Dazed.
The campaign helped earn Adam & Eve/DDB the coveted Press Agency of the Year title at this year’s Campaign Big Awards.
2. Carlsberg "90 minute break"
On the day of the Euro 2016 England v Wales clash in June, Carlsberg unveiled a tactical press ad in Metro in which fake research company C.A.R.L.S.B.E.R.G. implored company bosses to institute a 90-minute break for staff at 2pm, so fans would be able to watch the game.
3. The Guardian "Guardian independence"
Hot on the heels of The Independent closing its print edition, Bartle Bogle Hegarty created an unapologetic campaign for The Guardian to celebrate its independence and that it remains free to read online, unlike some competitors.
A set of ads were launched featuring provocative statements in The Guardian’s "Egyptian" typeface including "Buy a newspaper that can’t be bought" and "No one edits our editor". Subtle details feature too, such as a gun crosshair and a crossed ballot paper.
The multicoloured-sweet brand launched a campaign for this year’s Pride in London festival with a print announcement that Skittles would give up its rainbow "to focus on the one rainbow that matters… Pride’s".
The striking black-and-white ad was published in June as an open letter to Pride in London, with text formatted as a rainbow in a corner of the page. Skittles also launched an outdoor campaign during the Pride celebrations, where monochrome packets of Skittles were given out, as well as animated activity on social media.
5. The Prince’s Trust "Parallel lives"
Two very different versions of people’s lives are laid bare in this powerful work by CHI & Partners for The Prince’s Trust’s 40th anniversary.
The mirrored shots depict how a person’s life is versus what it could have become had they not received support from the charity, which helps young people receive education and training.
6. Financial Times "Happy Women’s Day"
To highlight the fact that only 26% of board members of FTSE 100 companies are women, Adam & Eve/DDB turned the iconic pink page of the Financial Times blue (except for a narrow 26% strip that remained pink) and wished readers a "Happyish International Women’s Day".
FT social sites were also turned 74% blue to show how far the business world still has to go to achieve equality.
Tesco added vinyl to its inventory this year after sales of old-fashioned records surged to a 21-year high in 2015.
To announce the retro move, Bartle Bogle Hegarty created a series of memorable print ads, which combined well-known album imagery with supermarket produce, such as a banana in a nod to The Velvet Underground’s 1967 debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico.
8. Paddy Power "Thank you Sam"
A national sporting scandal deserves a great tactical ad and Lucky Generals duly delivered in September by lauding Sam Allardyce’s very short reign as England football manager. Allardyce, who was sacked for inappropriate comments made during a newspaper sting by The Daily Telegraph, was thanked by Paddy Power for being (technically) the greatest England manager of all time: he presided over only one match, which they won – and even kept a clean sheet.
The work appeared in The Sun and depicts the brand’s identity as fun and irreverent.
9. Financial Times "Facts. Truths"
To promote the paper’s US election coverage in November, the Financial Times set itself in opposition to posttruth politics with a campaign including statistics and insight about issues such as household income, immigration, trade and manufacturing.
Much of the creative was developed in collaboration with the title’s journalists.
That pencil in your mouth: you wouldn’t be chewing it if you considered where it might have been before. Behind a sweaty man’s ear is one of the possibilities mooted by J Walter Thompson. Near a builder’s bum, in a second execution, is another. Better rinse and spit.


Suzanna Darcy-Henneman is the chief training pilot for The Boeing Company for the almost 700 instructor pilots globally delivering training for initial typeratings as well as recurrent training. She was the first woman to captain a 747-400, the first woman to captain a 777, and the first woman test pilot employed by Boeing in both production and experimental flight test. She broke the distance record in the greater than 661,000 pound weight class, when she and her crew flew a 777-200LR from Hong Kong to London. She is an active mentor spanning two more generations of women test pilots, with six other women currently in her department.


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In line with the preparations for Tropical Storm Glenda, the Office of Civil Defense 4A and Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council 4A headed by Director Vicente F. Tomazar conducted an emergency meeting together with the RDRRMC member agencies involved in disaster response on July 14 at the RDRRMC IV-A Conference Room, Camp Vicente Lim, Calamba City.
The meeting started with a pre-disaster risk assessment and analysis (PDRA) an innovation introduced by Admiral (Ret) Alexander P. Pama the new Civil Defense Administrator wherein disaster risks that might confront a community are assessed and analyzed based on actual demography and current scientific data gathered regarding a weather disturbance such as an approaching storm. The assessment was followed by discussions on the preparations and readiness profile of the agencies in conducting disaster response operations based on their reports/presentations. The agencies were required to report on their existing resources both in manpower and equipment including deployment plans. Director Tomazar reiterated the importance of real-time reporting among agencies on developments obtaining in the region and their concerns, that will guide the decision makers in addressing evolving situations during calamities. The attendees were further reminded on the activation of their operation centers to facilitate coordination and monitoring.
The emergency meeting was attended by representatives from the local government agencies and the uniformed services who are the first responders in a disaster, namely the Philippine National Police PRO IV-A, Bureau of Fire Protection IV-A, Philippine Coast Guard-Southern Tagalog, 202nd Brigade (Philippine Army – Southern Luzon Command), Department of Health IV-A, Department of Social Welfare and Development IV-A, the Department of Science and Technology IV-A, and the Department of Interior and Local Government.
The Office of Civil Defense IV-A Regional Director and Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Chairperson Director Vicente F. Tomazar attends the Forum on Nutrition in Emergencies and Planning Workshop as part of this year’s Nutrition Month Celebration with the theme “Kalamidad Paghandaan, Gutom at Malnutrisyon Agapan” conducted by National Nutrition Council – CALABARZON at the Makati Palace Hotel, 5011 P. Burgos corner, Caceres St., Makati City, July 14, 2014.
Ms. Carina Z. Santiago, Regional Nutrition Program Coordinator of NNC – CALABARZON said that the forum aims to equip health and nutrition workers in the region with knowledge and skills to coordinate, mobilize, and assist local personnel in planning for occurence of unwanted calamities and disasaters in the region, particularly on nutrition and emergencies. This wil ensure that the nutritional status of affected populations, especially the vulnerable group e.g. infants, young children, elderly, pregnant and lactating women, will not worsen through resource mobilization and comprehensive nutrition management of local nutrition clusters as guided by timely, accurate, and reliable plan for nutrition in emergencies.
Diretor Tomazar discussed the topic on CALABARZON Hazardscape, Faces of Disaster, Legal Basis: RA 10121, DRRM Efforts (Thematic Areas). He also emphasized the RDRRMC – IV-A battlecry which is “Sariling Kaligtasan Pangalagaan Paghandaan”as key approach wherein through increased knowledge, capability, competency, and its gradual improvement has produced remarkable outcomes.
The said forum/workshop was participated by Nutrition Action Officers at the provincial, city, and municipal levels, and members of the regional media group organized by the NNC.
The Office of Civil Defense IV-A Regional Director and the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Chiarperson Director Vicente F Tomazar graced the presentation Sta Rosa Skills Training of Emergency Responponders for Road Traffic Accident Awareness and Urban Search and Rescues as guest and honorary speaker held at the Sta Rosa City Hall Ground, Sta Rosa City , Laguna, July 9.
The event was the final leg for the two-week training of the Sta Rosa City Disaster Risk Reducation and Management officers and responders.
The City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management staff of Sta Rosa City showcased different scenarios which summarizes what they have learned during the training such as basic life support, a demonstration of vehicular extrication for a car accident, fire response and rescue operation in a collapsed structure and rescue operation as a result of a 7.2 magnitude earthquake.
The CDRRMO of Sta Rosa City also showcased their equipments in line with disaster response and operations ranging from ambulances to rescue kits.
Members of different media organizations ranging from television to paper were invited to witness the presentation of the different rescue operations.
City Mayor Arlene B. Arcillas shared her four K’s which stand for KAALAMAN, KAHANDAAN, KABAYANIHAN and KALIGTASAN, she also congratulated the graduates for a job well done and told them that the knowledge that they got from the training must not stop once they get their certificates.
Director Vicente F. Tomazar also congratulated the graduates and the city of Sta. Rosa as a whole. He aslo gave recognition to Mayor Arcillas for the programs rendered in line with disaster preparedness for the city of Sta. Rosa. He also commended the projects for disaster risk reduction and management as well as the state of the art equipment of the city. He also imparted to everyone to embody this year’s National Disaster Consciousness Month theme which is, “Kahandaan at Kaligtasan ng Pamayanan, Pundasyon ng Kaularan” and also shared the importance of personifying the advocacy of the culture of safety for everyone.
The Office of Civil Defense IV-A Regional Director and the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Chairperson Director Vicente F. Tomazar visited the Binan City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office at the Binan City Hall, July 9.
The visit of Dir Tomazar is to discuss and strengthen the community based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management plan knowing that the city of Binan is prone to flooding especially during the rainy seasons.
Dir. Tomazar met with the Binan City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Officers Maria Bonacua and Ramon Belizario in fortifying the proactiveness of the Barangay levels in line with DRRM. He also implied to encourage the schools and other local organization to conduct regular earthquake drills and the utilization of the water treatment plant in the Binan operation center.


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Mechanical spiders have to eat. In fact, they usually have bigger appetites than the real-life spiders you squish under your shoe. What spiders am I talking about? The automated programs sent out by search engines to review and index websites. These "spiders" (sometimes called "bots") are looking for a reason to list your site within the database of their particular search engine. It's hard work roaming around the 'Net non-stop, and these little guys need some nourishment from time-to-time. In fact, when spiders find some hearty "spider food" (a.k.a. a site map with some meat to it), they sit down to stay a while. That's a good thing!
You've probably seen many site maps. The standard ones look like the example below with each phrase being linked to the page of the same (or similar) name.
Some site owners think that's enough. They think a page with keyword-rich titles and links is plenty for a hungry little spider to munch on. Not hardly! That's not a meal? it's just a light snack.
HOME - Home page for XYZ Depot, a home accessories outlet.
ABOUT US - Account of how XYZ Depot became the world's largest home accessories outlet.
SHIPPING RATES - Shipping rates and delivery times.
PRODUCTS - Complete listing of home accessories offered.
>> SMALL APPLIANCES - Exciting selection of small appliances to save you time in the kitchen.
------- MICROWAVE OVENS - Top-of-the-line microwave ovens from brands you trust.
and you have prepared a huge feast for the search engine spiders that is almost guaranteed to entice those hungry little critters to crawl through every available page of your site.
Does every site need a site map? It certainly wouldn't hurt. Sites with less than 20 pages or sites where most or all the pages have links directly from the home page generally don't "need" a site map, per se. However, practically every site of every size can reap benefits from including a map on their site.
If you're creating a site map for your site, don't stop with the basics. With just a little added effort, you'll have a four-course meal to serve the spiders that will keep them happy and satisfied and that will help get you exceptional rankings.


Starting your own business isn’t easy. While technology has definitely made it a lot simpler and streamlined, there are still many choices and considerations to keep in mind before you ultimately get your business off the ground and start building a successful store.
One of those considerations is what e-commerce websites and services to use in order to sell your products. We all know that growing an online store is a fantastic way to kickstart your entrepreneurial venture; it doesn’t take much money and can easily be set up in the comfort of your home office or even laptop. However, what you do need to understand is what tools are available to you and how to effectively use them. Building an online store from the ground up can be terrifying to most people, but with the right e-commerce platforms, it can be as simple as clicking a few buttons.
In this guide, we’ll be telling you about 4 of the best e-commerce websites to sell your products on and why we’d recommend them.
For developers that know their stuff, Magento is a fantastic open-source e-commerce website platform. You’ll need a dedicated programmer to help you set it up and the enterprise version costs at least $20,000 per year, making it incredibly expensive. It is, however, open-source and features unlimited customization, making it fantastic for scaling up in the future. We can’t recommend Magento for beginners, but if you’re serious about your business and are willing to hire developers, Magento is the only choice.
To many, Shopify is seen as the gold-standard in e-commerce platforms. It powers thousands of sites across the internet and features a wealth of extensions, themes and plugins. However, it’s not perfect and some investment is required to get your store working optimally. Shopify also has its own programming language which can be difficult to learn if you’re not experienced with development, and you have to pay more to get more customization. Shopify is fantastic for beginners and entrepreneurs alike and has a range of packages that suit all budgets and business sizes.
Tictail doesn’t require any technical knowledge which is fantastic, and upgrading allows you to customize your theme even further. The payment processes can be difficult to wrestle with at times (especially considering how easy it is with other ecommerce platforms) and they’ll take a commission form your sales. Overall, Tictail is simple and great for hobbyists or people who are just testing the waters with their products.
Since it was introduced, BigCommerce currently runs over 65,000 online stores and is one of the biggest names in the market. It has a massive number of features such as newsletters, easy coupon creation, shipping and analytics. It also has no transaction fee and great website themes. However, it lacks some cross-platform support and you may have trouble getting your products to sync with an Amazon marketplace or other e-commerce platforms.