Patent ID: 12238823

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In at least one embodiment, the word “example”, “for example”, or the like is used to represent giving an example, an illustration, or a description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as an “example” or “for example” in at least one embodiment is not more preferred or have more advantages than another embodiment or design scheme. Exactly, use of the word “example” or “for example” is intended to present a related concept in a specific manner.

The following terms “first” and “second” are merely intended for a purpose of description, and shall not be understood as an indication or implication of relative importance or implicit indication of a number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature limited by “first” or “second” explicitly or implicitly includes one or more features. In the descriptions of at least one embodiment, “a plurality of” means two or more than two unless otherwise specified.

Before describing embodiments, terms used herein are explained and described.

AR is a technology that integrates virtual information with the real world. The AR provides a user with additional information superimposed in a current user environment, a human generated item, or human generated content. The additional information or the human generated item or content is usually visible and/or audible. Observation on the current environment is direct or indirect. “Direct” means that there is no intermediate sensing, processing, and rendering. “Indirect” means that perception of the environment is relayed by using a sensor and is enhanced or processed.

VR is a technology that integrates a computer, electronic information, and a simulation technology. A basic implementation of the VR is that the computer simulates a virtual environment, to give a sense of environment immersion to a person. The VR is a delivery of rendered versions of visual and audio scenes. In response to a user moving within a limitation specified by an application, a rendering program is designed to mimic as naturally as possible visual and auditory sensational stimuli of the real world.

5GMS: A medium that transmits a time relation is used as a main medium. 5GMS points to a fact that a medium is mainly sent and consumed in a single direction, and the medium is received by a peer end. In addition, content of the medium is streamed during production.

A service that is described in at least one embodiment is intended to describe the technical solutions in at least one embodiment more clearly, but constitute no limitation on the technical solutions provided in at least one embodiment. A person of ordinary skill in the art knows that, with evolution of a network architecture and emergence of another emerging service, the technical solutions provided in at least one embodiment are also applicable to similar technical problems.

In at least one embodiment, to improve user experience in response to a user using an emerging service such as AR, VR, or 5GMS, a measurement method is provided, and includes: An access network device sends an application layer measurement configuration to a terminal device. The application layer measurement configuration is used to indicate the terminal device to perform quality of experience measurement and collection on one or more of the AR, the VR, and the 5GMS. The application layer measurement configuration includes an indicator of quality of experience of the one or more services of the AR, the VR, and the 5GMS. After obtaining an application layer measurement report based on the application layer measurement configuration, the terminal device sends the application layer measurement report to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives, from the terminal device, the application layer measurement report that includes a value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience of the one or more services of the AR, the VR, and the 5GMS. The access network device performs, based on the value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience in the application layer measurement report, network optimization on a wireless network used to transmit the service, so that an optimized wireless network provides transmission of the service.

In at least one embodiment, quality of experience (quality of experience, QoE) measurement and collection means collection of an experience status in response to the user using a service on a terminal device. The quality of experience measurement and collection is also referred to as application layer measurement and collection, application layer measurement, quality of experience measurement, or the like.

The indicator of quality of experience of the service includes a performance parameter of the terminal device that uses the service and/or quality of experience of the user on the service of the terminal device in response to the user using the service on the terminal device. In at least one embodiment, the quality of experience is alternatively described as user experience, customer experience, or the like. This is not limited.

For example, the indicator of quality of experience of the AR or the VR is shown in Table 1, and includes: video bitrate, a video frame rate, resolution-horizontal, resolution-vertical, screen resolution-horizontal, a screen refresh rate, a number of video channels, video codec, a field of view, audio bitrate, a number of audio channels, audio codec, an audio sampling rate, asynchronous time, re-buffering time, a re-buffering frequency, a packet loss rate, a black edge rate, a head motion to photons latency, a head motion to sound latency, a body motion to photons latency, an operation response delay, a degree of freedom, spatial interaction, video quality, audio quality, interactive response quality, spatial interaction quality, immersion experience quality, presenting experience quality, interactive experience quality, and a mean opinion score. For a description of an indicator of quality of experience, refer to Table 1. Details are not described.

TABLE 1Description of the indicator of quality ofNo.Indicator of quality of experienceexperience1Video bitrate (video bitrate)Volume of video data transmitted per unit oftime2Video frame rate (video frame rate)Number of video/game frames displayed ona terminal device per second3Resolution-horizontalNumber of video/game pixels displayed on(resolution-horizontal)the terminal device in a horizontal direction4Resolution-vertical (resolution-vertical)Number of video/game pixels displayed onthe terminal device in a vertical direction5Screen resolution-horizontal (screenNumber of pixels in a monocular screen of aresolution-horizontal)head-mounted visualized device in ahorizontal direction6Screen refresh rate (screen refresh rate)Number of screen refresh times per secondof the head-mounted visualized device7Number of video channels (number ofMonocular vision or stereoscopic visionvideo channels)8Video codec (video codec)Video codec standards, such asH.265/HEVC, H.264/AVC, VP9, andAVS2/39Field of view (field of view)Monocular field of view of a head-mountedvisualized terminal device in a horizontaldirection10Audio bitrate (audio bitrate)Volume of audio data transmitted per unit oftime11Number of audio channels (number ofStereo sound, surround sound, or spatializedaudio channels)sound12Audio codec (audio codec)Audio codec standards, such as AAC-LC,Opus, and DD+13Audio sampling rate (audio samplingFrequency of audio samplingrate)14Asynchronous time (asynchronous time)Audio and video synchronization latency ofa video/game15Re-buffering time (re-buffering time)Average re-buffering time during videowatching or game playing16Re-buffering frequency (re-bufferingRatio of a number of re-buffering times tofrequency)total duration of video or game playing inresponse to the terminal device playing avideo or a game17Packet loss rate (packet loss rate)Application packet loss rate of the terminaldevice18Black edge rate (black edge rate)Proportion of black edges to an image insecondary rendering in response to a head ofa user rotates or moves19Head motion to photons latency (headLapse between a user head rotation and anmotion to photons latency)image refresh20Head motion to sound latency (headLapse between a user head rotation and anmotion to sound latency)audio direction change21Body motion to photons latency (bodyLapse between a user body motion and bodymotion to photons latency)movement in an image refresh22Operation response delay (operationLapse between a user operation and anresponse delay)operation response23Degree of freedom (degree of freedom)Number of spatial dimensions supported byan application system of the terminal devicefor interaction and operation, which isrepresented by a number of nodes (such asthe head, hand, and body) that supportinteraction and a number of interactiondimensions supported by a node24Spatial interaction accuracy (spatialSpatial error of interactions, such as userinteraction accuracy)head tracking, motion capturing, gesturerecognition, and direction tracking25Video quality (video quality)Score of a user for quality of video imagefidelity26Audio quality (audio quality)Score of the user for quality of audio fidelity27Interactive response quality (interactiveScore of the user for quality of anresponse quality)interaction latency28Spatial interaction quality (spatialScore of the user for quality of the degree ofinteraction quality)freedom and interaction accuracy29Immersion experience qualityScore of the user for quality of image and(immersion experience quality)audio fidelity and immersion experience30Presenting experience quality (presentingScore of the user for quality of VR or ARexperience quality)experience, where the quality is used torepresent network transmission quality, suchas a packet loss and a latency31Interactive experience quality (interactiveScore of the user for fidelity of interactionexperience quality)between VR or AR content and a VR deviceor an AR device32Mean opinion score (mean opinion score)Comprehensive score of the user for qualityof VR or AR experience

The indicator of quality of experience of the AR or the VR includes one or more of the indicators of quality of experience in Table 1. The user in Table 1 is a user who uses the terminal device, and is also referred to as a “customer”. The terminal device is a device that supports the AR or the VR. The terminal device is referred to as an AR device or a VR device. In addition, Table 1 is merely an example table. In addition to the indicators of quality of experience shown in Table 1, another indicator of quality of experience is further included. This is not limited.

The indicators of quality of experience whose sequence numbers are 1 to 24 in Table 1 are performance parameters of the terminal device, for example, is performance parameters of hardware or software configured in the terminal device. Values of the indicators of quality of experience are preconfigured or set at delivery. The values of the indicators of quality of experience are corresponding to features of the hardware or software configured in the terminal device, and are the performance parameters of the hardware or software. The screen resolution-horizontal whose sequence number is 5 in Table 1 is used as an example. The screen resolution-horizontal of the terminal device is related to firmware such as a graphics card and a display of the terminal device. The screen resolution-horizontal of the terminal device is feature parameters of the graphics card and the display of the terminal device. Better performance of the graphics card and the display of the terminal device indicates higher screen resolution-horizontal.

The indicators of quality of experience whose sequence numbers are 25 to 32 in Table 1 are quality of experience of the user on the AR or the VR of the terminal device in response to the user using the AR or the VR on the terminal device. Values corresponding to the indicators of quality of experience is determined based on a usage status of the user. The values of the indicators of quality of experience are obtained by performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the AR or the VR.

For example, the indicator of quality of experience of the 5GMS is shown in Table 2, and includes corruption duration, a successive loss of real-time transport protocol packet, a frame rate, jitter duration, synchronization loss duration, round-trip time, average codec bitrate, and codec information. For a description of each indicator of quality of experience, refer to Table 2. Details are not described.

TABLE 2Indicator of quality ofNo.experienceDescription of the indicator of quality of experience1Corruption durationInterval between network time protocol time of the last(corruption duration)good frame that is used before video corruption occursand network time protocol time of the first subsequentgood frame2Successive loss of real-timeNumber of the real-time transport protocol packets thattransport protocol packetsare successively lost on one or more media channels of(successive loss of real-timea terminal devicetransport protocol packets)3Frame rate (frame rate)A play frame rate, which is equal to a value obtainedafter a number of frames displayed in a measurementresolution periodicity is divided by a time length with aunit of seconds4Jitter duration (jitter duration)In response to an absolute difference between actualplay time and expected play time being greater than ajitter threshold, a video stream jitters, and the jitterthreshold is the jitter duration, where the expected playtime = actual play time of a previous frame + network timeprotocol time of a current frame-network time protocoltime of the previous frame5Synchronization loss durationIn response to an absolute difference between a value A(sync loss duration)and a value B being greater than a synchronizationthreshold, synchronization loss occurs, and thesynchronization threshold is the synchronization lossduration, where the value A indicates a differencebetween play time of the last play frame of a videostream and play time of the last play frame of an audiostream, and the value B indicates a difference betweenexpected play time of the last play frame of the videostream and expected play time of the last play frame ofthe audio stream6Round-trip time (round-tripRound-trip time at a real-time transport protocol leveltime)plus an extra two-way latency caused by buffering andother processing on a client of the terminal device7Average codec bitrateA rate used by the terminal device to encode and decode(average codec bitrate)active media information within statistical duration,where the active media information means a videostream played by the terminal device8Codec information (codecMedia codec information used by a terminal device in ainformation)receiving direction within statistical duration

The indicator of quality of experience of the 5GMS includes one or more indicators of quality of experience in Table 2. The terminal device in Table 2 is a device supporting the 5GMS. The terminal device is referred to as a 5GMS device. In addition, Table 2 is merely an example table. In addition to the indicators of quality of experience shown in Table 2, another indicator of quality of experience of the 5GMS is further included. This is not limited.

The indicators of quality of experience in Table 2 are quality of experience of the user on the 5GMS of the terminal device in response to the user using the 5GMS on the terminal device. Values of the indicators of quality of experience is determined based on a usage status of the user. The values of the indicators of quality of experience is obtained by performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the 5GMS.

The following describes implementations of at least one embodiment in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The measurement method is applied to any communication system that supports communication. The communication system is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) communication system, for example, a 5G mobile communication system, a new radio (new radio, NR) system, an NR vehicle-to-everything (vehicle-to-everything, V2X) system, or another next-generation communication system, or is a non-3GPP communication system. This is not limited. The following usesFIG.1as an example to describe the measurement method.

FIG.1is a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system according to at least one embodiment. As shown inFIG.1, the communication system includes a core network device, an access network device1, an access network device2, and a terminal device.

The terminal device is communicatively connected to the access network device1and/or the access network device2. The terminal device is communicatively connected to the core network device by using the access network device1and/or the access network device2. The terminal device is located within a coverage area of the access network device1and/or a coverage area of the access network device2. For example, the terminal device is located in an overlapping area between the coverage area of the access network device1and the coverage area of the access network device2. Alternatively, the terminal device is located within the coverage area of the access network device1, and located outside the coverage area of the access network device2. Alternatively, the terminal device is located outside the coverage area of the access network device1, and located within the coverage area of the access network device2. Different access network devices is communicatively connected through an Xn interface.

In response to the terminal device communicating with the access network device1and the access network device2, in other words, the communication system is a multi-radio dual connectivity (multi-radio dual connectivity, MR-DC) communication system, one of the access network device1and the access network device2is a master access network device, and the other access network device is a secondary access network device. For example, in the following embodiment, an example in which a first access network device (the access network device1) is a secondary access network device, and a second access network device (the access network device2) is a master access network device is used for description. In a scenario in which the communication system is the MR-DC communication system, the access network device1and the access network device2is access network devices of different communication standards, or is access network devices of a same communication standard. This is not limited.

The core network device inFIG.1is a device or an entity in a 5G core (5th generation core, 5GC) network, for example, an access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF). Alternatively, the core network device is a device or an entity in a 4G core network (for example, an evolved packet core (evolved packet core, EPC)), for example, a mobility management entity (mobility management entity, MME). The core network device is responsible for functions such as access control, mobility management, attachment and detachment, and gateway selection.

The terminal device inFIG.1is referred to as a terminal, or is referred to as user equipment (user equipment, UE), an access terminal device, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal device, a mobile device, a user terminal device, a wireless communication device, a user agent, a user apparatus, or the like. The terminal device is a wireless terminal device or a wired terminal device. The wireless terminal device is a device having a wireless transceiver function, and is deployed on land, including an indoor or outdoor device, a handheld device, or a vehicle-mounted device; or is deployed on water (for example, on a ship); or is deployed in the air (for example, on an airplane, a balloon, or a satellite). The terminal device is an unmanned aerial vehicle, an Internet of Things (internet of things, IoT) device (for example, a sensor, an electricity meter, or a water meter), a vehicle-to-everything (vehicle-to-everything, V2X) device, a station (station, ST) in a wireless local area network (wireless local area network, WLAN), a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (session initiation protocol, SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (wireless local loop, WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA) device, a handheld device with a wireless communication function, a computing device or another processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, or a wearable device (which is also referred to as a wearable intelligent device). The wearable device is a head-mounted visualized device, for example, a VR helmet, VR glasses, an AR helmet, or AR glasses. The terminal device is alternatively a terminal device in a next-generation communication system, for example, a terminal device in a 5G communication system, a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN), or a terminal device in an NR communication system. This is not limited herein.

The access network device inFIG.1is mainly configured to implement functions such as resource scheduling, radio resource management, and radio access control of the terminal device. Specifically, the access network device includes any node of a small base station, a radio access point, a transmission reception point (transmission reception point, TRP), a transmission point (transmission point, TP), a next-generation NodeB (generation NodeB, gNB), and another access node. In at least one embodiment, an apparatus configured to implement the functions of the access network device is the access network device, or is an apparatus that supports the access network device in implementing the functions, for example, a chip system. The apparatus is installed in the access network device. The technical solutions provided in at least one embodiment are described by using an example in which the apparatus configured to implement the functions of the access network device is the access network device and the access network device is a base station.

As shown inFIG.2, the access network device is an access network device in which a centralized unit (centralized unit, CU) and a distributed unit (distributed unit, DU) are split. As shown inFIG.2, one access network device includes one CU and two DUs. Further, one CU includes one centralized unit control plane (CU-control plane, CU-CP) and one or more centralized unit user planes (CU-user planes, CU-UPs). For example, as shown inFIG.2, one CU includes one CU-CP. The CU is connected to the DU through an F1 interface. The CU-CP is connected to the CU-UP through an E1 interface. The CU-CP is connected to the DU through an F1-control plane interface (F1-C). The CU-UP is connected to the DU through an F1-user plane interface (F1-U). For functions of the CU, the DU, the CU-CP, and the CU-UP, refer to the existing technology. Details are not described herein.

FIG.1is an example of an accompanying drawing, and a quantity of network elements shown inFIG.1and naming of the interfaces between the network elements inFIG.1are not limited. In addition to the network elements shown inFIG.1, the communication system shown inFIG.1further includes another network element. This is not limited.

FIG.2is an example of an accompanying drawing, and a quantity of network elements shown inFIG.2and naming of the interfaces between the network elements inFIG.2are not limited.

During specific implementation,FIG.1is in a composition structure shown inFIG.3or include components shown inFIG.3.FIG.3is a schematic composition diagram of a measurement apparatus300according to at least one embodiment. The measurement apparatus300is a terminal device or a chip or a system-on-a-chip in the terminal device. Alternatively, the measurement apparatus300is a first access network device or a chip or a system-on-a-chip in the first access network device. As shown inFIG.3, the measurement apparatus300includes a processor301, a communication interface302, and a communication line303.

Further, the measurement apparatus300includes a memory304. The processor301, the memory304, and the communication interface302is connected to each other through the communication line303.

The processor301is a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a general-purpose processor, a network processor (network processor, NP), a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device (programmable logic device, PLD), or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the processor301is another apparatus having a processing function, for example, a circuit, a component, or a software module. This is not limited.

The communication interface302is configured to communicate with another device or another communication network. The another communication network is Ethernet, a radio access network (radio access network, RAN), a wireless local area network (wireless local area network, WLAN), or the like. The communication interface302is a module, a circuit, a communication interface, or any apparatus that implements communication.

The communication line303is configured to transmit information between components included in the measurement apparatus300.

The memory304is configured to store instructions. The instructions is a computer program.

The memory304is a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM) or another type of static storage device that stores static information and/or instructions, or is a random access memory (random access memory, RAM) or another type of dynamic storage device that stores information and/or instructions, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM) or another compact disc storage, an optical disc storage (including a compressed optical disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc, or the like), a magnetic disk storage medium or another magnetic storage device, or the like. This is not limited.

The memory304exists independently of the processor301, or is integrated with the processor301. The memory304is configured to store instructions, program code, some data, or the like. The memory304is located inside the measurement apparatus300, or is located outside the measurement apparatus300. This is not limited. The processor301is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory304, to implement the measurement methods provided in the following embodiments.

In an example, the processor301includes one or more CPUs, for example, a CPU0and a CPU1inFIG.3.

In an optional implementation, the measurement apparatus300includes a plurality of processors. For example, in addition to the processor301inFIG.3, the measurement apparatus300further includes a processor307.

In an optional implementation, the measurement apparatus300further includes an output device305and an input device306. For example, the input device306is a device such as a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, or a joystick, and the output device305is a device such as a display or a speaker (speaker).

The measurement apparatus300is a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wireless terminal, an embedded device, a chip system, or a device with a structure similar to that inFIG.3. In addition, the composition structure shown inFIG.3does not constitute a limitation on the terminal device. In addition to the components shown inFIG.3, the terminal device includes more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine some components, or have different component arrangements.

In at least one embodiment, the chip system includes a chip, or includes a chip and another discrete component.

In addition, mutual reference is made to actions, terms, and the like in at least one embodiment. This is not limited. In at least one embodiment, names of messages exchanged between devices, names of parameters in the messages, or the like are merely examples. Another name is alternatively used during specific implementation. This is not limited.

With reference to the communication system shown inFIG.1, the following describes the measurement method provided in at least one embodiment. A first access network device, a second access network device, a core network device, and a terminal device that are described in the following embodiments have the components shown inFIG.3. Details are not described again.

FIG.4is a flowchart of a measurement method according to at least one embodiment. As shown inFIG.4, the method includes the following steps.

Step101: A first access network device sends an application layer measurement configuration to a terminal device. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the application layer measurement configuration from the first access network device.

The first access network device is any access network device inFIG.1, for example, is the access network device1inFIG.1or the access network device2inFIG.1. In at least one embodiment, an example in which the first access network device is the access network device1is used for description. The terminal device is the terminal device connected to the first access network device inFIG.1. A user uses a first service on the terminal device.

The application layer measurement configuration is used to indicate the terminal device to perform quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service. The application layer measurement configuration includes a type of the first service and an indicator of quality of experience of the first service. The type of the first service is used to uniquely identify a type of service to which the first service belongs, so that the terminal device learns of, based on the type of the first service, a service whose indicator of quality of experience is to be measured.

The type of the first service includes one or more of AR, VR, and 5GMS, and further incudes another emerging service. This is not limited. For the indicator of quality of experience of the first service, refer to the foregoing description in Table 1 or Table 2. Specifically, the first access network device obtains the indicator of quality of experience of the first service from another network element by using a method shown inFIG.8.

The type of the first service is alternatively an identifier of the first service. The identifier of the first service uniquely identifies the type of the first service. The identifier of the first service is a number or a character, or is a combination of the number and the character, or the like. This is not limited. For example, in response to the first service including the AR, an identifier of the AR is 1. In response to the first service including the VR, an identifier of the VR is 2. In response to the first service includes the 5GMS, an identifier of the 5GMS is 3.

In at least one embodiment, the first access network device sends the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device by using a radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) message. For example, the application layer measurement configuration is carried in the RRC message and sent to the terminal device.

The RRC message is an RRC connection reconfiguration message or an RRC connection resume message. The RRC connection reconfiguration message is referred to as an RRC reconfiguration message for short. The RRC connection resume message is referred to as an RRC resume message for short.

The first access network device alternatively sends the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device by using another message, for example, send the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device by using a measurement configuration application layer (MeasConfigAppLayer) message. This is not limited.

Step102: The terminal device performs quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service based on the application layer measurement configuration, to obtain an application layer measurement report.

The application layer measurement report includes the type of the first service and a value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience of the first service.

For example, in response to indicators of quality of experience of a service1being an indicator1of quality of experience, an indicator2of quality of experience, and an indicator3of quality of experience, a value of the indicator1of quality of experience of the service1is A1, a value of the indicator2of quality of experience of the service1is A2, and a value of the indicator3of quality of experience of the service1is A3. The application layer measurement report includes the service1{indicator1of quality of experience=A1, indicator2of quality of experience=A2, indicator3of quality of experience=A3}.

For example, that the terminal device performs quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service based on the application layer measurement configuration includes:

In response to the indicators of quality of experience are performance parameters of the terminal device, for example, the indicators of quality of experience whose sequence numbers are 1 to 24 in Table 1 and the indicators of quality of experience in Table 2, the terminal device obtains preconfigured performance parameters of the terminal device from a local storage, and include the obtained performance parameters in the application layer measurement report.

In response to the indicators of quality of experience being indicators of user evaluation on performance of the terminal device, for example, the indicators of quality of experience whose sequence numbers are 25 to 32 in Table 1, the terminal device obtains a user score in a human-computer interaction manner with the user. The human-computer interaction manner is audio interaction, user interface (user interface, UI) interface interaction, or the like.

A UI interface is used as an example.FIG.5shows a UI interface of the terminal device, where the interface includes a display box and an input box. The display box is used to display a user score for performance of the terminal device. The input box is used by the user to enter the score for the performance of the terminal device. The score is used to indicate an experience status in response to the user using the first service on the terminal device. In response to an entry operation of the user, the terminal device obtains the user score for the performance of the terminal device.

Further, the terminal device periodically obtains the user score for the performance of the terminal device, and perform combination processing on a plurality of scores to obtain a final user score for the performance of the terminal device, to ensure time validity and accuracy of the value of the indicator of quality of experience. The combination processing includes weighted processing, averaging processing, taking a maximum score value, taking a minimum score value, or the like, which is not limited.

For example, as shown inFIG.5, an example in which the indicator of quality of experience is “video quality” is used. The terminal device periodically displays the UI interface shown inFIG.5to the user, periodically obtain user scores for video quality within a period of time, and use an average value of the scores within the period of time as a value of the video quality.

Step103: The terminal device sends the application layer measurement report to the first access network device. Correspondingly, the first access network device receives the application layer measurement report from the terminal device.

In at least one embodiment, the terminal device sends the application layer measurement report to the first access network device by using a dedicated message. For example, the dedicated message is a measurement report application layer (MeasReportAppLayer) message.

Alternatively, the terminal device sends the application layer measurement report to the first access network device by using the RRC message. For example, the terminal device sends the application layer measurement report to the first access network device by using an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message (which is also referred to as an RRC reconfiguration complete message) or an RRC connection resume complete message (which is also referred to as an RRC resume complete message).

According to the measurement method described in at least one embodiment, for an emerging service such as the VR, the AR, or the 5GMS of the terminal device, the access network device sends, to the terminal device, the application layer measurement configuration used to indicate the terminal device to perform quality of experience measurement and collection on the emerging service, so that the terminal device measures a related indicator of quality of experience of the emerging service based on the application layer measurement configuration, to obtain an application layer measurement report of a type of the emerging service, and sends the application layer measurement report to the access network device. After receiving the application layer measurement report, the access network device performs, based on a value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience in the application layer measurement report, network optimization on a wireless network used to transmit the service, so that an optimized wireless network provides transmission of the service, to improve user experience in response to the user using the first service.

Based on the technical solution inFIG.4, to improve measurement accuracy of the terminal device, as shown inFIG.6, before step101, the measurement method provided in at least one embodiment further includes the following step.

Step104: The first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service.

That the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service means that the terminal device measures the related indicator of quality of experience of the first service based on the application layer measurement configuration, to obtain the value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience of the first service.

In at least one embodiment, the first access network device obtains capability information of the terminal device, and determines, based on the capability information, that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service.

The capability information includes indication information used to indicate a service on which the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection. The indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service.

In an example, the indication information includes M flag bits. One of the M flag bits is corresponding to one of M services that include the first service. In response to the indication information including one flag bit, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on a service corresponding to the flag bit. In response to the indication information not including the flag bit, the first access network device determines that the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the service corresponding to the flag bit. M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

The flag bit is a symbol or a number, or is a combination of the symbol and the number, or the like. This is not limited.

For example, a flag bit corresponding to the AR is A, a flag bit corresponding to the VR is V, and a flag bit corresponding to the 5GMS is M. In response to the indication information including “A”, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the AR. In response to the indication information not including “A”, the first access network device determines that the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the AR. In response to the indication information including “V”, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the VR. In response to the indication information not including “V”, the first access network device determines that the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the VR. In response to the indication information including “M”, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the 5GMS. In response to the indication information not including “M”, the first access network device determines that the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the 5GMS.

In another example, the indication information includes K bits. One of the K bits is corresponding to one of K services. In response to a value of a bit being T1, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on a service corresponding to the bit. In response to a value of the bit being T2or is not T1, the first access network device determines that the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the service corresponding to the bit. K is an integer greater than or equal to 1. T1and T2are integers, and T1and T2are different.

T1and T2is binary bit numbers “0” and “1” or binary bit numbers “1” and “0”, or is another symbol or number, or the like. This is not limited.

For example, the indication information includes three binary bits. The three binary bits are corresponding to the 5GMS, the VR, and the AR. That the binary bit is “0” indicates that the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on a service corresponding to the binary bit. That the binary bit is “1” indicates that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the service corresponding to the binary bit. In response to the indication information including 001, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the AR. In response to the indication information including 010, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the VR. In response to the indication information including 100, the first access network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the 5GMS.

In another example, the indication information is a plaintext indication. For example, the indication information is as follows:

qoe-VR-MeasReportENUMERATED {supported}//Quality of experience-VR-Measurement ReportENUMERATED {supported};qoe-5GMS-MeasReportENUMERATED {supported}//Quality of experience-5GMS-Measurement Report ENUMERATED {supported}.

The indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the VR and the 5GMS.

In at least one embodiment, the terminal device actively sends the capability information of the terminal device to the first access network device.

For example, after setting up a communication connection to the first access network device, the terminal device actively sends the capability information of the terminal device to the first access network device. The terminal device sends the capability information of the terminal device to the first access network device by using an RRC message. The RRC message is a terminal device capability information (UECapabilityInformation) message or a handover preparation information (HandoverPreparationInformation) message. The terminal device alternatively sends the capability information of the terminal device to the first access network device by using another message. This is not limited.

Further, the terminal device periodically sends the capability information of the terminal device to the first access network device. Alternatively, the terminal device randomly sends the capability information of the terminal device to the first access network device. This is not limited.

In this way, the terminal device sends the capability information of the terminal device to the first access network device, to avoid a problem caused because the terminal device still receives the application layer measurement configuration from the first access network device in response to the terminal device not supporting performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service/does not have a capability of performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service, and improve accuracy of performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service by the terminal device.

In at least one embodiment, the first access network device further obtains the capability information of the terminal device in any one of the following manner 1 to manner 3:

Manner 1: In response to the terminal device being communicatively connected to the first access network device, the first access network device obtains the capability information of the terminal device by interacting with the terminal device.

For example, refer toFIG.7AandFIG.7B. The manner 1 is implemented by using the following steps.

Step1041: The first access network device sends first query information to the terminal device. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first query information from the first access network device.

The first query information is used to obtain the capability information of the terminal device.

Step1042: The terminal device generates a first query result based on the first query information.

The first query result includes the capability information of the terminal device. For a description of the capability information, refer to the foregoing description. Details are not described.

Step1043: The terminal device sends the first query result to the first access network device. Correspondingly, the first access network device receives the first query result from the terminal device.

Manner 2: In response to a second access network device having the capability information of the terminal device, the first access network device obtains the capability information of the terminal device by interacting with the second access network device.

The second access network device is the access network device2in the system shown inFIG.1.

For example, refer toFIG.7AandFIG.7B. The manner 2 is implemented by using the following steps.

Step1044: The first access network device sends second query information to the second access network device. Correspondingly, the second access network device receives the second query information from the access network device.

The second query information is used to obtain the capability information of the terminal device.

Step1045: The second access network device generates a second query result based on the second query information.

The second query result and the first query result is a same query result. Details are not described herein again.

Step1046: The second access network device sends the second query result to the first access network device. Correspondingly, the first access network device receives the second query result from the second access network device.

Manner 3: In response to a core network device having the capability information of the terminal device, the first access network device obtains the capability information of the terminal device by interacting with the core network device.

For example, refer toFIG.7AandFIG.7B. The manner 3 is implemented by using the following steps.

Step1047: The first access network device sends third query information to the core network device. Correspondingly, the core network device receives the third query information from the access network device.

The third query information is used to obtain the capability information of the terminal device.

Step1048: The core network device generates a third query result based on the third query information.

The third query result and the first query result is a same query result. Details are not described herein again.

Step1049: The core network device sends the third query result to the first access network device. Correspondingly, the first access network device receives the third query result from the core network device.

In this way, in response to determining that the terminal device supporting performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service, the first access network device sends the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device; in response to determining that the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service, the first access network device does not send the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device, so that accuracy of quality of experience measurement and collection of the terminal device is improved. For example, in response to the first access network device determining that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the 5GMS, the first access network device sends, to the terminal device, an application layer measurement configuration that includes an indicator of quality of experience of the 5GMS. In response to the first access network device not performing step104, but directly performs step101of sending the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device, the application layer measurement configuration includes an indicator of quality of experience of the AR and the indicator of quality of experience of the 5GMS. The terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection only on the 5GMS, in other words, the indicator of quality of experience of the AR in the application layer measurement configuration is a redundant indicator of quality of experience. In this way, the terminal device further needs to perform quality of experience measurement and collection on the indicator of quality of experience of the AR carried in the application layer measurement configuration. However, because the terminal device does not support performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the AR, accuracy of performing quality of experience measurement and collection by the terminal device is reduced.

In at least one embodiment, based on the technical solution inFIG.4, as shown inFIG.8, before step101, the measurement method provided in at least one embodiment further includes the following step.

Step105: The first access network device obtains the type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service.

In at least one embodiment, the type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service is sent by the second access network device or the core network device to the first access network device. Alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service is sent by a control device to the first access network device.

The control device is also referred to as a management system. The management system is an operation administration and maintenance (operation administration and maintenance, OAM) system or a network management system. The control device is configured to manage the first access network device. For example, an operator installs a program for the first access network device by using the control device, or configure a service type, an indicator of quality of experience, and the like for the first access network device by using the control device.

The following describes specific implementation processes of the foregoing embodiments of obtaining the type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service by the first access network device.

1. The type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service are sent by the second access network device or the core network device to the first access network device.

In an example, in response to an application layer measurement configuration being sent by the second access network device to the first access network device, the application layer measurement configuration is carried in any one of a retrieve terminal device context response (retrieve UE context response) message, a handover request (handover request) message, a trace start (trace start) message, or a secondary node addition request (s-node addition request or SGNB addition request) message.

The retrieve terminal device context response message is used to transmit a context of the terminal device to the first access network device. The retrieve terminal device context response message includes the application layer measurement configuration. The handover request message is used to request to resource that is prepared for handover. The handover request message includes the application layer measurement configuration. The trace start message is used to initiate a trace record on the terminal device. The trace start message includes the application layer measurement configuration. The secondary node addition request message is used to request a resource that is prepared for a dual-connectivity operation of the terminal device. The secondary node addition request message includes the application layer measurement configuration of the terminal device.

In another example, in response to the application layer measurement configuration being sent by the core network device to the first access network device, the application layer measurement configuration is carried in any one of an initial context setup request (initial context setup request) message, a handover request (handover request) message, or a trace start (trace start) message.

The initial context setup request message is used to request to set up the context of the terminal device. The initial context setup request message includes the application layer measurement configuration. For the handover request message and the trace start message, refer to the foregoing description. Details are not described herein again.

2. In response to the indicator of quality of experience of the first service being sent by the control device to the first access network device, the control device includes the memory shown inFIG.3. The memory has a correspondence between the type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service. For example, the correspondence is shown in Table 3. In this case, the control device sends the type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service to the first access network device.

TABLE 3Type of the first serviceIndicator of quality of experienceARFor details, see Table 1VRFor details, see Table 15GMSFor details, see Table 2

For details about the indicator of quality of experience and the description of the indicator of quality of experience in Table 3, refer to Table 1 and Table 2. For example, in response to the type of the first service including the AR or the VR, the indicator of quality of experience of the first service is the indicator of quality of experience in Table 1. In response to the type of the first service including 5GMS, the indicator of quality of experience of the first service is the indicator of quality of experience in Table 2.

Before sending the type of the first service and the indicator of quality of experience of the first service to the first access network device, the second access network device or the core network device determines that the terminal device supports performing quality of experience measurement and collection on the first service.

In an example, the first access network device actively sends the capability information of the terminal device to the second access network device or the core network device. For example, the first access network device periodically sends the capability information of the terminal device to the second access network device or the core network device.

In another example, the first access network device alternatively sends the capability information of the terminal device to the second access network device or the core network device based on the second access network device or the core network device. For example, the second access network device or the core network device sends fourth query information to the first access network device. The fourth query information is used to obtain the capability information of the terminal device. After receiving the fourth query information from the second access network device or the core network device, the first access network device sends the capability information of the terminal device to the second access network device or the core network device.

In at least one embodiment, in response to the measurement method being applied to the 5G communication system shown inFIG.2, the first access network device in step101and step103is replaced with a CU. In other words, step101is that the CU sends the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device, and step103is that the CU receives the application layer measurement report from the terminal device. In this case, the measurement method further includes the CU sending the application layer measurement report to a DU.

Alternatively, the first access network device in step101and step103is replaced with a CU-CP. In other words, step101is that the CU-CP sends the application layer measurement configuration to the terminal device, and step103is that the CU-CP receives the application layer measurement report from the terminal device. In this case, the measurement method further includes the CU-CP sending the application layer measurement report to a DU; or the CU-CP sending the application layer measurement report to a CU-UP.

In at least one embodiment, after receiving the application layer measurement report from the terminal device, the first access network device (or the DU or the CU-UP of the first access network device) determines, based on the application layer measurement report, whether a wireless network used to transmit the service such as the AR, the VR, or the 5GMS needs to be optimized. For example, the first access network device determines, based on the value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience in the application layer measurement report, whether to optimize the wireless network used to transmit the service such as the AR, the VR, or the 5GMS. In response to the value corresponding to the indicator of quality of experience being less than a threshold, the first access network device determines that the wireless network used to transmit the service such as the AR, the VR, or the 5GMS needs to be optimized. The threshold is preset. This is not limited.

In response to determining that the wireless network used to transmit the service such as the AR, the VR, or the 5GMS, needs to be optimized, the first access network device optimizes, in one or more of the following manners, the wireless network used to transmit the service such as the AR, the VR, or the 5GMS: (1) allocating cache resources; (2) selecting a radio bearer on which data packet scheduling needs to be performed; (3) managing a power level; and (4) managing a specific resource block that is used.

In at least one embodiment, after receiving the application layer measurement report from the terminal device, the first access network device further sends the application layer measurement report to the second access network device, so that the second access network device optimizes, based on the application layer measurement report, a wireless network used to transmit the first service.

The following describes the foregoing manners by using an example in which the first service is the VR, the indicator of quality of experience is a mean opinion score, and the first access network device optimizes a wireless network used to transmit the VR.

1. In response to a mean opinion score of the VR being less than a first threshold (for example, a highest value corresponding to the mean opinion score is 10, and the first threshold is 6), the first access network device allocates a first preset quantity of cache resources to the VR. The first preset quantity is greater than a quantity of cache resources preconfigured for the VR. The first threshold is preset. This is not limited. The cache resource preconfigured for the VR is a cache resource allocated by the first access network device to the VR in response to the mean opinion score being greater than or equal to the first threshold.

2. In response to the mean opinion score being less than the first threshold, the first access network device selects a radio bearer with a higher priority, to transmit data corresponding to the VR. Radio bearers have a plurality of levels, for example, a first level, a second level, and a third level. A priority of the first level is higher than a priority of the second level. A priority of the second level is higher than a priority of the third level. The first access network device transmits the data of the VR by using a radio bearer corresponding to the first level, and transmit data of another service by using a radio bearer corresponding to the second level or the third level.

3. In response to the mean opinion score being less than the first threshold, the first access network device increases a transmit power or a receive power used for the data corresponding to the VR. For example, the first access network device sends the data of the VR by using a first transmit power. The first transmit power is greater than a second transmit power. The second transmit power is a power used by the first access network device to send the data of the VR in response to the mean opinion score being greater than or equal to the first threshold.

4. In response to the mean opinion score being less than the first threshold, the first access network device allocates a specific resource block (where the resource block is used only to transmit the data of the VR) to the VR.

The solutions in the foregoing embodiments are combined on a premise that there is no contradiction.

In the foregoing embodiments, the method is described from perspectives of the access network device, the terminal device, and interaction between the access network device and the terminal device. To implement the functions in the method provided in the foregoing embodiments, each network element such as the access network device or the terminal device includes a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module for performing the functions. A person skilled in the art is aware that, in combination with algorithms and steps in the examples described herein, at least one embodiment is implemented by hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed by hardware or hardware driven by computer software depends on particular implementations and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art is able to use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular embodiment. However, the implementation does not go beyond the scope of embodiments described herein.

In at least one embodiment, functional modules of the access network device and the terminal device is divided based on the foregoing method examples. For example, each functional module is obtained through division based on each corresponding function, or two or more functions is integrated into one processing module. The integrated module is implemented in a form of hardware, or is implemented in a form of a software functional module. In at least one embodiment, division into the modules is an example, and is merely logical function division. During actual implementation, another division manner is used.

In response to an integrated unit being used,FIG.9is a schematic diagram of a structure of a measurement apparatus (denoted as a measurement apparatus90) in the foregoing embodiments. The measurement apparatus90includes a communication unit1202and a processing unit1201, and further includes a storage unit1203. The schematic diagram of the structure shown inFIG.9is used to show a structure of the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments.

In response to the schematic diagram of the structure shown inFIG.9being used to show the structure of the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments, the processing unit1201is configured to control and manage an action of the terminal device. For example, the processing unit1201is configured to: perform step102inFIG.4and step1042inFIG.7AandFIG.7B, and perform, by using the communication unit1202, step103inFIG.4, step1043inFIG.7AandFIG.7B, and/or an action performed by the terminal device in another process described in at least one embodiment. The processing unit1201communicates with another network entity by using the communication unit1202, for example, communicate with the access network device1shown inFIG.1. The storage unit1203is configured to store program code and data of the terminal device.

In response to the schematic diagram of the structure shown inFIG.9being used to show the structure of the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments, the measurement apparatus90is a terminal device, or is a chip in the terminal device.

In response to the measurement apparatus90being a terminal device, the processing unit1201is a processor or a controller. The communication unit1202is a communication interface, a transceiver, a transceiver machine, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver apparatus, or the like. The communication interface is a collective term, and includes one or more interfaces. The storage unit1203is a memory. In response to the measurement apparatus90being a chip in the terminal device, the processing unit1201is a processor or a controller. The communication unit1202is an input interface and/or an output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like. The storage unit1203is a storage unit (for example, a register or a cache) in the chip, or is a storage unit (for example, a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM for short) or a random access memory (random access memory, RAM for short)) outside the chip and in the terminal device or a first access network device.

In response to an integrated unit being used,FIG.10is a schematic diagram of a structure of a measurement apparatus (denoted as a measurement apparatus100) in the foregoing embodiments. The measurement apparatus100includes a communication unit1302, and further includes a processing unit1301and a storage unit1303. The schematic diagram of the structure shown inFIG.10is used to show a structure of the first access network device in the foregoing embodiments.

In response to the schematic diagram of the structure shown inFIG.10being used to show the structure of the first access network device in the foregoing embodiments, the processing unit1301is configured to control and manage an action of the first access network device. For example, the processing unit1301is configured to perform, by using the communication unit1302, step101inFIG.4, step104inFIG.6, step1041, step1044, and step1047inFIG.7AandFIG.7B, step105inFIG.8, and/or an action performed by the first access network device in another process described in at least one embodiment. The processing unit1301communicates with another network entity by using the communication unit1302, for example, communicate with the terminal device shown inFIG.1. The storage unit1303is configured to store program code and data of the first access network device.

In response to the schematic diagram of the structure shown inFIG.10being used to show the structure of the first access network device in the foregoing embodiments, the measurement apparatus100is a first access network device, or is a chip in the first access network device.

In response to the measurement apparatus100being a first access network device, the processing unit1301is a processor or a controller. The communication unit1302is a communication interface, a transceiver, a transceiver machine, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver apparatus, or the like. The communication interface is a collective term, and includes one or more interfaces. The storage unit1303is a memory. In response to the measurement apparatus100being a chip in the first access network device, the processing unit1301is a processor or a controller. The communication unit1302is an input interface and/or an output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like. The storage unit1303is a storage unit (for example, a register or a cache) in the chip, or is a storage unit (for example, a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM for short) or a random access memory (random access memory, RAM for short)) outside the chip and in the terminal device or the first access network device.

The communication unit is also referred to as a transceiver unit. Antennas and control circuits that are in the measurement apparatus90and the measurement apparatus100and that have a transceiver function is considered as a communication unit of the measurement apparatus. A processor that has a processing function is considered as a processing unit of the measurement apparatus. Optionally, a component that is in the communication unit and that is configured to implement a receiving function is considered as a receiving unit. The receiving unit is configured to perform a receiving step in at least one embodiment. The receiving unit is a receiver machine, a receiver, a receiver circuit, or the like. A component that is in the communication unit and that is configured to implement a sending function is considered as a sending unit. The sending unit is configured to perform a sending step in at least one embodiment. The sending unit is a transmitter machine, a transmitter, a transmitter circuit, or the like.

In response to integrated units inFIG.9andFIG.10each being implemented in a form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, the integrated unit is stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions of at least one embodiment, or the part contributing to the existing technology, or all or some of the technical solutions are implemented in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which is a personal computer, a server, a first access network device, or the like) or a processor (processor) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in at least one embodiment. The storage medium storing the computer software product includes any medium that stores program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.

The units inFIG.9andFIG.10is alternatively referred to as modules. For example, the processing unit is referred to as a processing module.

FIG.11is an example diagram of a communication system according to at least one embodiment. The communication system includes an access network device11and a terminal device12.

The access network device11is configured to perform the action performed by the access network device in the foregoing embodiments. For example, the access network device11is configured to perform step101inFIG.4, step104inFIG.6, step1041, step1044, and step1047inFIG.7AandFIG.7B, and step105inFIG.8.

The terminal device12is configured to perform the action performed on the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments. For example, the terminal device12is configured to perform step102inFIG.4, step1042inFIG.7AandFIG.7B, step103inFIG.4, and step1043inFIG.7AandFIG.7B.

In an implementation process, steps of the methods in embodiments is completed by using a hardware integrated logical circuit in the processor, or by using instructions in a form of software. The steps of the methods disclosed with reference to at least one embodiment is directly performed by a hardware processor, or is performed by using a combination of hardware in the processor and a software module.

The processor in at least one embodiment includes but is not limited to at least one of the following computing devices that run software: a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (microcontroller unit, MCU), or an artificial intelligence processor. Each computing device includes one or more cores configured to perform an operation or processing by executing software instructions. The processor is an independent semiconductor chip, or is integrated with another circuit to form a semiconductor chip. For example, a SoC (system-on-a-chip) includes the processor and another circuit (for example, a codec circuit, a hardware acceleration circuit, or various buses and interface circuits). Alternatively, the processor is integrated into an ASIC as a built-in processor of the ASIC, and the ASIC integrated with the processor is independently packaged or is packaged with another circuit. In addition to the core configured to perform an operation or processing by executing software instructions, the processor further includes a hardware accelerator, for example, a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), a PLD (programmable logic device), or a logic circuit that implements a dedicated logic operation.

The memory in at least one embodiment includes at least one of the following types: a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM) or another type of static storage device that stores static information and instructions, or a random access memory (random access memory, RAM) or another type of dynamic storage device that stores information and instructions, or is an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically erasable programmable-only memory, EEPROM). In some scenarios, the memory is alternatively a compact disc read-only memory (compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM) or another compact disc storage medium, an optical disc storage medium (including a compact disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc, and the like), a magnetic disk storage medium or another magnetic storage device, or any other medium that is configured to carry or store expected program code in a form of instructions or a data structure and that is accessed by a computer. However, the memory is not limited thereto.

An least one embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions. In response to the instructions being run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform any one of the foregoing methods.

At least one embodiment provides a computer program product including instructions. In response to the computer program product being run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform any one of the foregoing methods.

At least one embodiment provides a communication system, including the foregoing first access network device and terminal device.

At least one embodiment provides a chip. The chip includes a processor and an interface circuit, where the interface circuit is coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to run a computer program or instructions, to implement the foregoing method. The interface circuit is configured to communicate with another module outside the chip.

All or some of the foregoing embodiments is implemented by using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. In response to a software program being used to implement embodiments, all or some of embodiments is implemented in a form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. In response to the computer program instructions being loaded and executed on a computer, all or some of the procedures or functions according to at least one embodiment are generated. The computer is a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or another programmable apparatus. The computer instructions is stored in a computer-readable storage medium or is transmitted from a computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions is transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired (for example, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber, or a digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL for short)) or wireless (for example, infrared, radio, or microwave) manner. The computer-readable storage medium is any usable medium accessible by a computer, or a data storage device, for example, a server or a data center, integrating one or more usable media. The usable medium is a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid-state drive (solid-state drive, SSD for short)), or the like.

Although at least one embodiment is described, a person skilled in the art understands and implements another variation of the disclosed embodiments by viewing the accompanying drawings, disclosed content, and the appended claims. In the claims, “comprising” (comprising) does not exclude another component or another step, and “a” or “one” does not exclude a case of “a plurality of”. A processor or another unit implements several functions enumerated in the claims. Some measures are recorded in dependent claims that are different from each other, but this does not mean that the measures cannot be combined to produce a good effect.

Although various modifications and combinations are able to be made to without departing from the spirit and scope of embodiments described herein. Correspondingly, the specification and accompanying drawings are merely example descriptions defined by the appended claims, and are considered as any of and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that cover the scope of embodiments described herein. A person skilled in the art is able to make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of embodiments described herein. Embodiments described herein are intended to cover the modifications and variations provided that they fall within the scope of the following claims and equivalent technologies described herein.