Patent ID: 12228569

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the inventive concept will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to sufficiently understand constitutions and effects of the inventive concept.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but should be implemented in various forms, and various modifications and changes may be made. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Further, the present invention is only defined by scopes of claims. In the accompanying drawings, the components are shown enlarged for the sake of convenience of explanation, and the proportions of the components may be exaggerated or reduced for clarity of illustration.

In the following description, the technical terms are used only for explaining a specific exemplary embodiment while not limiting the present invention. Unless terms used in embodiments of the present invention are differently defined, the terms may be construed as meanings that are commonly known to a person skilled in the art.

In this specification, the terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless specifically mentioned. The meaning of ‘comprises’ and/or ‘comprising’ specifies a component, a step, an operation and/or an element does not exclude other components, steps, operations and/or elements.

When a layer is referred to herein as being ‘on’ another layer, it may be formed directly on the top of the other layer or a third layer may be interposed between them.

It will be understood that although the terms first and second are used herein to describe various regions, layers, and the like, these regions and layers should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to discriminate one region or layer from another region or layer. Therefore, a portion referred to as a first portion in one embodiment can be referred to as a second portion in another embodiment. An embodiment described and exemplified herein includes a complementary embodiment thereof. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a biosensor according to the inventive concept will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG.1is an exploded perspective view for explaining the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept.FIG.2is a perspective view for explaining an optical structure of the biosensor according to embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring toFIGS.1and2, the biosensor according to the inventive concept may include a substrate10, an optical structure30, and a cover50. The substrate10may have a flat plate shape extending parallel to a first direction D1and a second direction D2. A top surface of the substrate10may be a plane perpendicular to a third direction D3. The first direction D1to the third direction D3may be, for example, directions orthogonal to each other. The substrate10may include a material that is transparent to a wavelength of light incident into the optical structure30and a wavelength of light emitted from the optical structure30.

The optical structure30may be provided on the substrate10. The optical structure30may be, for example, a bar-shaped nano laser extending in the first direction D1. In other words, a length of the optical structure30in the first direction D1may be greater than a length of the optical structure30in the second direction D2. The length of the optical structure30in the first direction D1may be, for example, about 3 μm or more. The length of the optical structure30in the second direction D2may be, for example, about 200 nm to 700 nm. A thickness of the optical structure30in the third direction D3may be, for example, about 100 nm to 300 nm. However, this is merely exemplary, and the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the optical structure30may have various shapes and sizes.

The optical structure30may include a lower layer31, an active layer32, and an upper layer33, which are sequentially stacked on the substrate10. The optical structure30may include, for example, Group III-V semiconductor material. The lower layer31and the upper layer33may include the same semiconductor material. The lower layer31and the upper layer33may include, for example, InP.

The active layer32may be interposed between the lower layer31and the upper layer33. The active layer32may include a semiconductor material different from that of each of the lower layer31and the upper layer33. The active layer32may include, for example, InGaAsP. The active layer32may have quantum dots, which may control photons of laser light emitted from the optical structure30.

The optical structure30may have a plurality of nanoholes35passing through the lower layer31, the active layer32, and the upper layer33. The nanoholes35may be arranged along the first direction D1and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1. A diameter35rof each of the nanoholes35may be less than that of the optical structure30in the second direction D2. The diameter35rof each of the nanoholes35may be, for example, about 100 nm to 500 nm. A top surface of each of the nanoholes35may have, for example, a circular shape or an elliptical shape, but the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto.

The diameter35rand a period35pof each of the nanoholes35may not be constant. The diameter35rand the period35pof each of the nanoholes35may vary in the first direction D1. For example, the diameter35rand period35pof each of the nanoholes35may decrease from one end of the optical structure30to a central portion of the optical structure30in the first direction D1, and may increase from the central portion of the optical structure30to the other end of the optical structure30, which faces the one end, in the first direction D1.

The central portion of the optical structure30in which the nano-holes35, each of which has a relatively small diameter35r, are disposed may correspond a resonator region of the nano-laser. Both ends of the optical structure30in which the nano-holes35, each of which has a relatively large diameter35r, are disposed may correspond to mirror regions of the nano-laser. Specifically, when light is incident into the optical structure30, the central portion of the optical structure30may generate resonance, and both the ends of the optical structure30may reflect the light so that the light is captured to the central portion of the structure30without being scattered.

The resonance wavelength at the central portion of the optical structure30may vary depending on the arrangement of the nanoholes35, and the diameter35rand/or the period35pof each of the nanoholes35. In addition, a quality factor of the nano-laser may vary depending on the size of the optical structure30and the wavelength of the incident light.

However, this is merely exemplary, and the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the arrangement of the nanoholes35, and the diameter35rand/or the period35pof each of the nanoholes35may be different from those shown.

The cover50may be provided on the substrate10and may have a bridge shape that is in contact with the top surface of the substrate10at both the sides of the optical structure30. The cover50may include a material that is transparent with respect to a wavelength of light incident into the optical structure30and a wavelength of light emitted from the optical structure30.

The cover50may have a channel51extending in the first direction D1. The optical structure30may be provided inside the channel51. A width of the channel51in the first direction D1may be greater than the length of the optical structure30in the first direction D1. A width of the channel51in the second direction D2may be greater than or equal to the length of the optical structure30in the second direction D2. That is, the cover50may be in contact with both the side surfaces of the optical structure30or may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction D2. A height of the channel51in the third direction D3may be greater than the thickness of the optical structure30in the third direction D3. That is, the cover50may be spaced apart from the top surface of the optical structure30in the third direction D3.

FIGS.3A and3Bare plan and cross-sectional views for explaining the optical structure of the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept, whereinFIG.3Bis a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ ofFIG.3A.

Referring toFIGS.3A and3B, the optical structure30may include a lower layer37on the substrate10and an upper layer39on a partial area of the lower layer37. A top surface of the upper layer39may have an elliptical or rectangular shape in which a length in the first direction D1is greater than a length in the second direction D2, but the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto.

The substrate10may include, for example, silicon oxide. The lower layer37may include, for example, silicon. The upper layer39may include a two-dimensional material. The upper layer39may be, for example, one of a semiconductor material (e.g., InGaAsP) or transition metal dichalcogenide (e.g., MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2, MoTe2, WTe2, etc.), graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN).

The lower layer37may have, for example, a photonic crystal structure. The upper layer39may have, for example, a bound state in the continuum (BIC) structure.

The optical structure30may have a plurality of nanoholes38. The nanoholes38may not be provided under the upper layer39. That is, the nanoholes38may not overlap the upper layer39in the third direction D3. The nanoholes38may pass through the lower layer37to expose the top surface of the substrate10. The nanoholes38may be arranged along the first direction D1and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1. A diameter38rof each of the nanoholes38may be less than a length of the lower layer37in the second direction D2. A diameter38rof each of the nanoholes38may be, for example, about 100 nm to 500 nm. A top surface of each of the nanoholes38may have, for example, a circular shape or an elliptical shape, but the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto.

The diameter38rand a period38pof each of the nanoholes38may not be constant. For example, the diameter35rand period35pof each of the nanoholes35may decrease from one end of the lower layer37to a central portion of the lower layer37in the first direction D1, and may increase from the central portion of the lower layer37to the other end of the lower layer37, which faces the one end, in the first direction D1.

The optical structure30of the biosensor according to the inventive concept is not limited to that described with reference toFIGS.2,3A and3B, and various planar lasers based on a semiconductor material may be used as the optical structure30.

FIGS.4A,5A,6A, and7Aare perspective views for explaining an operation of the biosensor according to embodiment of the inventive concept.FIGS.4B,5B,6B, and7Bare pictures illustrating an emission pattern of the optical structure of the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept.

Referring toFIGS.4A and4B, first incident light IL1may be irradiated to the central portion of the optical structure30, and first emission light EL1may be generated from the central portion of the optical structure30. Although it is illustrated that the first incident light IL1is obliquely incident on the top surface of the optical structure30, the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto, and the first incident light IL1may be incident at an angle different from that illustrated. The first incident light IL1may have energy greater than an energy gap of the Group III-V semiconductor material of the optical structure30. The first incident light IL1may have a wavelength of, for example, a visible ray band. The optical structure30may generate the first emission light EL1corresponding to the energy gap of the Group III-V semiconductor material through down conversion. The first emission light EL1may have a wavelength of, for example, an infrared band. However, the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto, and when the optical structure30includes a material for adjusting the energy gap of the Group III-V semiconductor material, the first emission light EL1may have a wavelength in the visible ray band.

The first emission light EL1may be measured by a CMOS camera or a CCD camera on the optical structure30, and the emission pattern ofFIG.4Brepresents the first emission light EL1. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, descriptions of the contents that are substantially the same as those described with reference toFIGS.4A and4Bwill be omitted, and differences will be described in detail.

Referring toFIGS.5A and5B, a fluid including biomaterials BM may travel in the first direction D1through the channel51of the cover50. The biomaterials BM may include, for example, proteins, disease diagnosis-related biomarkers, viruses, bacteria, and the like. At least some of the biomaterials BM may be captured in the nanoholes35of the optical structure30.

Thereafter, second incident light IL2may be irradiated to the central portion of the optical structure30, and second emission light EL2may be generated from the central portion of the optical structure30. The second incident light IL2may have substantially the same wavelength and intensity as the first incident light IL1.

Due to the biomaterials BM captured in the nanoholes35, the second emission light EL2may have a wavelength and intensity different from those of the first emission light EL1. Thus, an emission pattern (an emission pattern of the second emission light EL2) ofFIG.5Bmay be different from the emission pattern (the emission pattern of the first emission light EL1) ofFIG.4B.

Referring toFIGS.6A and6B, the biosensor according to the inventive concept may further include a plurality of antibodies AB provided on the optical structure30. The antibodies AB may be arranged along the first direction D1on the top surface of the optical structure30and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1. For example, the antibodies AB may be arranged in two rows on the top surface of the optical structure30, and the rows may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction D2. Each of the antibodies AB may have, for example, a Y-shape.

Third incident light IL3may be irradiated to the central portion of the optical structure30provided with the antibodies AB on the top surface thereof, and third emitted light EL3may be generated from the central portion of the optical structure30. The third incident light IL3may have substantially the same wavelength and intensity as each of the first and second incident lights IL1and IL2. The third emission light EL3may have a wavelength and intensity similar to that of the first emission light EL1. An emission pattern (an emission pattern of the third emission light EL3) ofFIG.6Bmay be similar to the emission pattern (the emission pattern of the first emission light EL1) ofFIG.4B.

Referring toFIGS.7A and7B, a fluid including biomaterials BM may travel in the first direction D1through the channel51of the cover50. At least some of the biomaterials BM may be captured on the antibodies AB on the optical structure30(or in the nanoholes35of the optical structure30).

Thereafter, fourth incident light IL4may be irradiated to the central portion of the optical structure30, and fourth emission light EL4may be generated from the central portion of the optical structure30. The fourth incident light IL4may have substantially the same wavelength and intensity as each of the first to third incident light IL1, IL2, and IL3.

Due to the biomaterials BM captured on the antibodies AB (or in the nanoholes35), the fourth emission light EL4may have a wavelength and intensity different from those of the third emission light EL3. Thus, an emission pattern (the emission pattern of the fourth emission light EL4) ofFIG.7Bmay be different from the emission pattern (the emission pattern of the third emission light EL3) ofFIG.6B.

FIG.8is an exploded perspective view for explaining a biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, descriptions of the contents that are substantially the same as those described with reference toFIGS.1and2will be omitted, and differences will be described in detail.

Referring toFIG.8, a biosensor according to the inventive concept may include a substrate10, an optical structure30, and a cover50. The optical structure30may include a plurality of meta-material groups MG, and each meta-material group MG may include a plurality of meta-material unit elements MU having a geometric period. The plurality of meta-material unit elements MU may be arranged with a specific period in each meta-material group MG. As used herein, the term ‘meta-material’ refers to a structure having a geometric period designed using existing materials rather than a specific material, and a plane on which the meta-material is provided may be referred to as a ‘meta-surface’.

A top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU may have, for example, a circular shape or an elliptical shape, but the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU may have various shapes as described with reference toFIGS.9A to9H.

FIGS.9A to9Hare plan views for explaining an optical structure of the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept. Specifically,FIGS.9A to9Hillustrate top surfaces of the meta-material group MG or the meta-material unit element MU of the optical structure described with reference toFIG.8.

Referring toFIG.9A, the meta-material group MG may include two meta-material unit elements MU. A top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU may have, for example, an elliptical shape. The meta-material unit elements MU of the meta-material group MG may be disposed bilaterally symmetrically.

Referring toFIGS.9B and9C, the meta-material group MG may include one meta-material unit element MU. Referring toFIG.9B, the top surface of the meta-material unit element MU may have, for example, a donut shape with a hole therein. The hole may be disposed at a center of the meta-material unit element MU or may be disposed close to an edge. The hole may have a circular shape, an elliptical shape or a polygonal shape.

Referring toFIG.9C, the top surface of the meta-material unit element MU may have a polygonal shape. The top surface of the meta-material unit element MU may have, for example, a concave polygonal shape in which at least one interior angle is in a range of 180 degrees and 360 degrees, but the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the top surface of the meta-material unit element MU may have a convex polygonal shape.

Referring toFIGS.9D and9E, the meta-material group MG may include two meta-material unit elements MU. Referring toFIG.9D, a top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU may have, for example, an arc shape. The meta-material unit elements MU may have different sizes and/or lengths.

Referring toFIG.9E, the top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU may have, for example, a rectangular shape, and the meta-material unit elements MU may extend in parallel with each other. The meta-material unit elements MU may have different sizes and/or lengths.

Referring toFIGS.9G and9H, the meta-material group MG may include three or more meta-material unit elements MU. Referring toFIG.9G, a top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU may have a circular shape or an elliptical shape, and the meta-material unit elements MU may have the same size. The meta-material unit elements MU may be arranged with a constant period and may be aligned in two directions crossing each other.

Referring toFIG.9H, a top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU may have a circular shape or an elliptical shape. One of the meta-material unit elements MU may be disposed at the center of the meta-material group MG, and the others may surround the meta-material unit element disposed at the center. The size of one of the meta-material unit elements MU disposed at the center may be different from the size of each of the others.

The meta-material group MG and the meta-material unit elements MU ofFIGS.9A to9Hare merely exemplary, and thus, the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, each of the meta-material group MG or the meta-material unit elements MU may have a structure having a geometric period and also may have a geometric period that is repeated itself. In addition, each of the meta-material group MG and the meta-material unit elements MU ofFIGS.9A to9Hmay have quantum dots that emit light.

FIGS.10A to13Aare perspective views for explaining an operation of the biosensor according to embodiment of the inventive concept.FIGS.10B to13Bare pictures illustrating a diffraction pattern of the optical structure of the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept

Referring toFIGS.10A and10B, fifth incident light IL5may be irradiated to the optical structure30. The fifth incident light IL5may be irradiated in the third direction D3from a bottom surface of the substrate10toward the optical structure30. The fifth incident light IL5may be irradiated toward any one of the meta-material groups MG.

The fifth incident light IL5may be diffracted by the meta-material unit elements MU of the meta-material groups MG and may be emitted as fifth emission light EL5. The fifth emission light EL5may be emitted in the third direction D3from the top surface of the substrate10toward the cover50. The fifth emission light EL5may be emitted from one of the meta-material groups MG.

The fifth emitted light EL5may be measured by a CMOS camera or a CCD camera on the optical structure30, and a diffraction pattern ofFIG.10Brepresents the fifth emission light EL5. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, descriptions of the contents that are substantially the same as those described with reference toFIGS.10A and10Bwill be omitted, and differences will be described in detail.

Referring toFIGS.11A and11B, a fluid including biomaterials BM may travel in the first direction D1through the channel51of the cover50. The biomaterials BM may include, for example, proteins, disease diagnosis-related biomarkers, viruses, bacteria, and the like. At least some of the biomaterials BM may be captured on the meta-material unit elements MU of the optical structure30.

Thereafter, sixth incident light IL6may be irradiated to the optical structure30, and sixth emission light EL6may be emitted from the optical structure30. The sixth incident light IL6may have substantially the same wavelength and intensity as the fifth incident light IL5.

Due to the biomaterials BM captured on the meta-material unit elements MU, the diffraction pattern (the diffraction pattern of the sixth emission light EL6) ofFIG.11Bmay be different from the diffraction pattern (the fifth emission light EL5) ofFIG.10B.

Referring toFIGS.12A and12B, the biosensor according to the inventive concept may further include a plurality of antibodies AB provided on the optical structure30. Specifically, the antibodies AB may be provided on the top surface of each of the meta-material unit elements MU. The antibodies AB may be arranged along the first direction D1on the top surface of the optical structure30and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1. For example, the antibodies AB may be arranged in two rows on the top surface of the optical structure30, and the rows may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction D2. Each of the antibodies AB may have, for example, a Y-shape.

Seventh incident light IL7may be irradiated to the optical structure30provided with the antibodies AB on a top surface thereof, and seventh emission light EL7may be emitted from the optical structure30. The seventh incident light IL7may have substantially the same wavelength and intensity as each of the fifth and sixth incident lights IL5and IL6. A diffraction pattern (a diffraction pattern of the seventh emission light EL7) ofFIG.12Bmay be similar to the diffraction pattern (the diffraction pattern of the fifth emission light EL5) ofFIG.10B.

Referring toFIGS.13A and13B, a fluid including the biomaterials BM may travel in the first direction D1through the channel51of the cover50. At least some of the biomaterials BM may be captured on the antibodies AB on the optical structure30(or the meta-material unit elements MU of the optical structure30).

Thereafter, eighth incident light IL8may be irradiated to the optical structure30, and an eighth emission light EL8may be emitted from the optical structure30. The eighth incident light IL8may have substantially the same wavelength and intensity as each of the fifth to seventh incident light IL5, IL6, and IL7.

Due to the biomaterials BM captured on the antibodies AB (or the meta-material unit elements MU), the diffraction pattern (the diffraction pattern of the eighth emission light EL8) ofFIG.13Bmay be different from the diffraction pattern (the diffraction pattern of the seventh emission light EL7) ofFIG.12B.

FIGS.14A to17Aare perspective views for explaining an operation of the biosensor according to embodiment of the inventive concept.FIGS.14B to15Bare pictures illustrating an emission pattern of the optical structure of the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept, andFIGS.16B to17Bare pictures illustrating a diffraction pattern of the optical structure of the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept. Specifically,FIGS.14A to17Aillustrate a plurality of optical structures30or a plurality of meta-material groups MG arranged in an array form, through which a large-capacity sample may be inspected.

Referring toFIGS.14A and14B, the biosensor according to the inventive concept may include a substrate10and a plurality of optical structures30arranged on the substrate10. Each of the optical structures30may be substantially the same as the optical structure30described with reference toFIGS.1and2. The optical structures30may be arranged along the first direction D1and the second direction D2. The optical structures30arranged along the first direction D1may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1, and sidewalls of the optical structures30may be aligned with each other. The optical structures30arranged along the second direction D2may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction D2, and sidewalls of the optical structures30may be aligned with each other. However, this is merely exemplary, and the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, an arrangement method of the plurality of optical structures30may be different from those shown above.

The biosensor according to the inventive concept may further include a dielectric layer20that covers a top surface of the substrate10and exposes a top surface of each of the optical structures30. The dielectric layer20may cover a sidewall of each of the optical structures30. A top surface of the dielectric layer20may be, for example, substantially coplanar with the top surface of each of the optical structures30.

When a fluid flows through each of the optical structures30, the biomaterials BM may be captured on at least some of the optical structures30. Due to the biomaterials BM captured in the nanoholes35of the optical structures30, the optical structures30on which the biomaterials BM are captured may have an emission pattern different from that of each of the optical structures30having no biomaterials BM. The emission pattern ofFIG.14Brepresents emission patterns generated from the plurality of optical structures30.

Referring toFIGS.15A and15B, a plurality of antibodies AB may be provided on at least some of the optical structures30in addition to those described with reference toFIGS.14A and14B. The arrangement method of the antibodies AB may be substantially the same as described with reference toFIG.6A.

When a fluid flows through each of the optical structures30, the biomaterials BM may be captured on the antibodies AB on at least some of the optical structures30(or in the nanoholes35of at least some of the optical structures30). Due to the biomaterials BM captured on the antibodies AB (or in the nanoholes35), each of the optical structures30on which the biomaterials BM are captured may have an emission pattern different from that of each of the optical structures30having no biomaterials BM. The emission pattern ofFIG.15Brepresents emission patterns generated from the plurality of optical structures30.

Referring toFIGS.16A and16B, the biosensor according to the inventive concept may include a substrate10and an optical structure30on the substrate10. The optical structure30may include a plurality of meta-material groups MG. Each of the meta-material groups MG may include a plurality of meta-material unit elements MU. The meta-material groups MG may be arranged in the first direction D1and the second direction D2. The meta-material groups MG arranged along the first direction D1may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1, and the meta-material groups MG arranged along the second direction D2may be separated apart from each other in the second direction D2. However, this is merely exemplary, and the embodiment of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the arrangement method of the plurality of meta-material groups MG may be different from those shown above.

When a fluid flows through each of the meta-material groups MG, the biomaterials BM may be captured on at least some of the meta-material groups MG. Due to the biomaterials BM captured on the meta-material unit elements MU of the meta-material groups MG, the meta-material groups MG on which the biomaterials BM are captured are the biomaterials BM may have a diffraction pattern different from that of the meta-material groups (MG) having no biomaterials BM.FIG.16Billustrates a diffraction pattern generated from the plurality of meta-material groups MG.

Referring toFIGS.17A and17B, in addition to those described with reference toFIGS.16A and16B, a plurality of antibodies AB may be provided on at least some of the meta-material groups MG. The arrangement method of the antibodies AB may be substantially the same as described with reference toFIG.12A.

When a fluid flows through each of the meta-material groups MG, the biomaterials BM may be captured on the antibodies AB (or at least some of the meta-material groups MG) on at least some of the meta-material groups MG are meta-material unit elements MU. Due to the antibodies AB (or the biomaterials BM captured on the meta-material unit elements MU of the meta-material groups MG), the meta-material groups MG on which the biomaterials BM are captured are the biomaterials BM may have a diffraction pattern different from that of the meta-material groups (MG) having no biomaterials BM.FIG.17Billustrates a diffraction pattern generated from the plurality of meta-material groups MG.

FIG.18is a conceptual view for explaining a biosensor and a method for determining presence or absence of a biomaterial using the biosensor according to embodiments of the inventive concept.

Referring toFIG.18, the biosensor according to the inventive concept may include a measuring unit1000, a data storage unit2000, a data learning unit3000, and a display unit4000.

The measuring unit1000includes a substrate10, an optical structure30, a cover50, and a CMOS camera or CCD camera that measures light emitted from the optical structure30, which are described with reference toFIGS.1and2, and thus may measure (photograph) an emission pattern or diffraction pattern of emitted light of the biosensor.

The data storage unit2000may store data measured by the measuring unit1000. Specifically, the data storage unit2000may store data including the emission pattern or the diffraction pattern of the emitted light, which is measured by the measuring unit1000.

The data learning unit3000may perform machine learning through the data transmitted from the data storage unit2000. Specifically, the data learning unit3000may be trained to determine a presence or absence of the biomaterial and/or the number of biomaterials through a change in light information such as a resonance wavelength, a phase, and/or polarization of the emission patterns or diffraction patterns.

An algorithm of the data learning unit3000may be, for example, one of a neural network (NN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a graph neural network (GNN), and a Gaussian process regression (GPR).

The display unit4000may visualize and display information such as the presence or absence of the biomaterial and/or the number of biomaterials determined by the data learning unit3000.

The biosensor according to the inventive concept may use the precise nano-optical structure having the small size without various optical components such as a light source, a spectrometer, a detector, or a filter and may easily and effectively determine the presence or absence of the biomaterial through the change in optical information such as a resonance wavelength, a phase, and/or polarization.

The biosensor according to the inventive concept may use the precise nano-optical structure having the small size and may easily and effectively determine the presence or absence of the biomaterial through the change in optical information such as a resonance wavelength, a phase, and/or polarization.

Although the embodiment of the inventive concept is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those with ordinary skill in the technical field of the inventive concept pertains will be understood that the present disclosure can be carried out in other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features. Therefore, the above-disclosed embodiments are to be considered illustrative and not restrictive.