Patent ID: 12228484

Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. Generally, in the figures, elements that are likely to be included in a given example are illustrated in solid lines, while elements that are optional to a given example are illustrated in broken lines. However, elements that are illustrated in solid lines are not essential to all examples of the present disclosure, and an element shown in solid lines may be omitted from a particular example without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Systems and methods for using broad ion beam (BIB) systems for more efficient processing of multiple samples are disclosed herein. More specifically, the disclosure includes BIB systems that are configured to receive and process one or more samples with an increased throughput and/or uptime over current BIB systems.

FIG.1is an illustration of a cross section100example BIB system(s)102according to the present disclosure that are configured to more efficiently process multiple samples104. The BIB systems102include a BIB source106that is configured to emit a broad ion beam108along a BIB axis110toward a sample stage area112. The broad ion beam108is configured such that, when portions of the broad ion beam108are incident up on the sample104, the material of the sample upon which the broad ion beam is incident are milled or otherwise removed from the sample. For example, in some embodiments the BIB source106may be an Ar ion source configured to emit a beam of Argon ions towards the sample stage112.

The sample stage area112may include a mask114configured to block a portion of the broad ion beam108such that sample material corresponding to a portion of interest is not milled or otherwise removed from the sample104by incident ions. For example,FIG.1illustrates a first portion of the cross section of the broad ion beam108(a) that is incident on the mask114, and a second portion of the cross section of the broad ion beam108(a) that is partially incident on a portion of the sample104whose material will be milled or otherwise removed by the broad ion beam108. The mask114is composed of a hard material that is not degraded by the broad ion beam108allowing it to be used for the processing of multiple samples.

The sample stage area112may also include a holder interface configured to receive a sample holder116such that it can be positioned and held in relation to the mask114during processing of the sample104such that the mask protects portions of interest in the sample. In some embodiments, the sample stage area112may include a stage element that is capable of translating, tilting, or rotating the sample104/sample holder116. Additionally, in such embodiment the stage element may be further configured to translate, tile, or rotate the sample104/sample holder116while the BIB source106emits the broad ion beam108toward the sample104. For example, the stage element may be configured to periodically or continuously rotate the sample104/sample holder116through a series of predefined angular positions, and/or rock the sample104/sample holder116between two angular positions during milling with the broad ion beam. Such a translation/tilting/rotating can be done at a constant or varied speed. In this way, the stage element may dynamically change the portions of sample104irradiated by the broad ion beam108to allow for more efficient or otherwise optimized removal of sample material and/or polishing of a region of interest by the BIB system102.

The sample holder116is configured to hold the sample104during processing as well as during transport of the sample104into the BIB system102, out of the BIB system102, and/or within the BIB system102.FIG.1further shows the BIB system102as including one or more additional samples104(a) held by corresponding additional sample holders116(a). In some embodiments, the BIB system102has one or more optional sample storage volumes/areas118that sample holders can be parked within the BIB system102when the sample104that they hold is not currently being processed.FIG.1also shows the BIB system102as including a storage cassette120configured to hold a plurality of sample holders116that is positioned within a cassette storage volume122. The storage cassette120is configured to allow many samples104and their corresponding sample holders116to be transported to and/or loaded into the BIB system102.

In some embodiments, the sample holder116may include one or more optional adjustment elements124that allow the sample104to be translated, tilted, rotated, or otherwise repositioned in relation to the sample holder116, the broad ion beam108, and/or the mask114. In embodiments with such adjustment elements118, the BIB system112may comprise one or more interface elements that allow a user to manipulate the adjustment elements or the sample holder116itself so that the sample104has a desired geometric relationship with the mask114or a feature of the mask (e.g., the mask edge114(a)). WhileFIG.1illustrates the adjustment elements124as being screws, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that there are many types of known adjustment elements that are able to translate, tilt, rotate, or otherwise reposition samples in relation to various types of sample holders.FIG.1also shows a sample holder manipulator126that is configured to reposition the sample holder116within the BIB system102. For example, the sample holder manipulator126may be configured to move a sample holder between a sample holder storage volume118and the sample stage area112. Moreover, in some embodiments, the sample holder manipulator126may be further configured to interface with the adjustment elements124to cause a translation, tilting, rotation, etc. of the sample104.

The BIB system102also includes a housing128that defines an interior volume130. In some embodiments, the interior volume may be a sealed volume that doesn't allow the passage of gas with the outside environment. In such embodiments, the interior volume may include a pump system132that is configured to adjust the pressure of the internal volume and/or change the gaseous makeup of the environment within the internal volume130. For example, the pump system132may cause the interior volume130to be at a lower pressure than the outside the environment and/or be at vacuum. WhileFIG.1illustrates at least a portion of the pump system132as being optionally included within the interior volume, persons having skill in the art would understand that some or all of such a pump system132may be located outside of the interior volume130. Alternatively, the pump system132may cause the gaseous makeup of the environment with in the internal volume130to be composed of inert gases (e.g., gases that do not interact with the broad ion beam108and/or sample104material during processing). The BIB system102is also shown as having a sample holder port134through which a sample holder116may be inserted into and/or removed from the BIB system102. Moreover,FIG.1further illustrates the BIB system102as having an optional cassette port136configured to allow a storage cassette120to be inserted into and/or removed from the BIB system102.

FIG.1further shows the BIB system102as including a source housing138that defines a source volume140that is configured to contain the BIB source106. The source housing138also defines a BIB aperture142that connects the source volume140with the interior volume130, and a BIB source maintenance aperture144(e.g., flange, door, or other type of sealable component that allows the source housing138to be switched between a sealed and unsealed state from the outside environment) which allows the BIB source106to be removed from or reinstalled within the source volume140(i.e., the source maintenance aperture144allows the BIB source106to be removed or accessed via the aperture144when unsealed). The BIB system102may further comprise a valve146configured to switch between an open state where the ions emitted from the BIB source106are allowed to pass through the BIB aperture142from the source volume140to interior volume130, and a sealed state where the valve146prevents ions or emissions from the sample104from passing from the interior volume130to the source volume130. A person having skill in the art would understand that valve146could correspond to any one of a shutter, a valve, a door, or other sealing mechanism that is able to toggle between an open and closed state.

FIG.1shows the valve146in an open state such that the broad ion beam108is allowed to pass into the interior volume so as to be incident on the sample104and mask114. In some embodiments, when the valve146is in a closed state, the source volume140may be opened to the external environment (e.g., via the BIB source maintenance aperture144) without affecting the pressure within the interior volume. In this way, when the valve146is in the closed state, the BIB source maintenance aperture144can be opened to allow the BIB source106to be cleaned, adjusted, removed, replaced, and/or otherwise maintained without affecting the pressure or gaseous composition of the interior volume130. In such embodiments, the source volume140may further include an optional pump system that is able to re-establish the pressure and/or gas composition to match that of the interior volume130. The BIB source maintenance aperture144may comprise a port that is configured to switch between an open state in which the first BIB source106can be removed from or reinstalled within the source volume140, and a closed state in which the source volume140is sealed from the external environment.

Unlike a focused ion beam (FIB) system, the BIB system102does not comprise an optical column that includes optical elements configured to focus the ions emitted by the BIB source106so that it has a small spot size in and around the sample plane of the sample104. Because such optical elements are only able to focus, correct, tune, and/or otherwise manipulate ion beams below certain strength thresholds, and since such optical elements are not required to focus the ions emitted by the BIB source106, the strength of the broad ion beam (i.e. the primary beam current) used ion the BIB system102can be much greater than in FIB systems. This increase in beam current allows BIB systems102to remove sample material much faster than FIB systems. Applicant notes that persons having skill in the art will understand that some optical elements may be included to focus the broad ion beam in the BIB system102, however the inclusion of such elements would impose lesser beam current limitations on the BIB system102than in FIB systems.

Due to the increased beam strength of the broad ion beam108, material of the sample104upon which the broad ion beam108is incident is removed at a faster rate over FIB milling processes. Specifically, because the broad ion beam108has a higher beam strength and is incident on a large area of the sample, the rate that material is removed from the sample104is much higher than in FIB systems. Unfortunately, because of this increase in sample material removal, there is a proportional increase in material redeposition as the portions of the sample104that is removed by the broad ion beam108redeposits on surfaces within the interior volume130and/or the source volume140. In current BIB systems this redeposition imposes a large efficiency reduction, as redeposition on the BIB source106forces users to frequently remove and/or otherwise access the BIB source106for cleaning and maintenance. Due to this cleaning and maintenance, current BIB systems have a high rate of downtime where they cannot be used for sample processing.

FIG.1shows the BIB system102as including an optional additional BIB source148that is configured to emit an additional broad ion beam along emission axis150. The additional BIB source148is illustrate as being positioned within an additional source volume152defined by an additional source housing154. The additional source housing154also defines an additional BIB aperture156that connects the additional source volume148with the interior volume130, and an additional BIB source maintenance aperture158which allows the additional BIB source148to be removed from or reinstalled within the additional source volume148.

The BIB system102may further comprise an additional valve160configured to switch between an open state where the ions emitted from the additional BIB source148are allowed to pass through the additional BIB aperture156from the additional source volume152to interior volume130, and a sealed state where the additional valve160prevents ions or emissions from the sample104from passing from the interior volume130to the additional source volume152. When the valve160is in a closed state, the additional source volume152may be opened to the external environment (e.g., via the additional BIB source maintenance aperture158) without affecting the pressure within the interior volume130. Thus, when the valve160is in the closed state, the BIB source maintenance aperture158can be removed to allow the additional BIB source148to be cleaned, adjusted, removed, replaced, and/or otherwise maintained without affecting the pressure or gaseous composition of the interior volume130.

FIG.1shows the valve160in a closed state such sample material that is removed from the sample104via the broad ion beam108are not allowed to pass into the additional source volume152and/or redeposit on the additional BIB source148. Because no redeposition occurs on the additional BIB source148while the BIB source130is in use, according to the present invention, the additional BIB source148will be able to be used to process the sample104(or additional samples) when the BIB source140needs to be removed and/or accessed for cleaning and/or maintenance. Thus, because the valve146can be closed to seal off the source volume140from the interior volume130, the valve160can be opened so that the additional BIB source148can be used to emit an additional broad ion beam through the additional BIB aperture156to process samples. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the BIB system102is able to continuously process samples without downtime greatly increasing its efficiency. Additionally, while not shown inFIG.1, in various embodiments the BIB system102may comprise only one BIB source or may comprise three or more BIB sources.

FIG.1also shows the BIB system102as optionally including a laser source162positioned within a laser volume164which may be configured to emit an optical beam through a laser aperture166defined by a laser housing168. The optical beam emitted by the laser source162is of a higher beam energy and/or strength that the broad ion beam108, allowing the optical beam to remove sample material upon which it is incident at a rate that is 10-50× greater that what is possible with a broad ion beam. For example, in less than 10 minutes an optical laser can remove as much Nickle or Cobalt as a broad ion beam can remove in 90 minutes. Moreover, for harder materials such as graphite, it takes present broad ion beams up to four hours to remove the same amount of material as an optical beam can remove in less than 10 minutes.

However, while the removal of the sample material is more rapid with an optical beam, milling and/or processing with the optical beam also causes damage/burning on the remaining sample surface. Therefore, in embodiments of the present invention, the BIB system102may use the optical beam to rapidly remove initial portions of the sample104, the final portions of the sample104which need to be removed are removed using a broad ion beam from a BIB source (e.g., BIB source106, additional BIB source148, or another BIB source within the BIB system102). In this way, the optical beam may be used to remove a bulk portion of the sample104, followed by a broad ion beam being used to expose a region of interest and/or create a smoother or undamaged surface.

FIG.1further illustrates computing device(s)170associated with the BIB system102.FIG.1illustrates computing device(s)170as being separate from the external devices112, however in various embodiments one or more of these elements may be combined. That is, applicant notes that the computing device(s)170may be a component of the BIB system102, may be a separate device from the BIB system102in communication via a network communication interface, or a combination thereof.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the computing devices170depicted inFIG.1are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The computing system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, controllers, etc. The computing devices170may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some implementations be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some implementations, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available.

FIG.1further includes a schematic diagram illustrating an example computing architecture180for the computing device(s)170. Example computing architecture180illustrates additional details of hardware and software components that can be used to implement the techniques described in the present disclosure. In the example computing architecture180, the computing hardware170of the BIB system102includes one or more processors182and memory184communicatively coupled to the one or more processors182.

The example computing architecture180can include at least a control module188, and a sample processing module190stored in the memory184. The example computing architecture180is further illustrated as including sample information192and processing schedule(s)194stored on memory184. The sample information192may correspond to data that describes characteristics of a sample, identification information for the sample, a history of the sample, a status of the sample, a positioning of the sample on a sample holder, a composition of the sample, a region of interest within the sample, and a surface of interest on in the sample, etc. The processing schedule(s)194may include one or more methods, settings, or instructions for processing the sample104with the BIB system102to achieve desired results (i.e., exposing an polishing a surface of interest within the sample104so that it may be examined using a charged particle microscope system). For example, a processing schedule194may include steps of one or more of the methods shown and described in association withFIGS.3-6. A sample processing schedule194for a sample may include a laser strength, a laser milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with the laser, a BIB strength, a BIB milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, an processing order, sample identification information, a region of sample to be removed, or a combination thereof. For example, a sample processing schedule194may be a data structure that identifies a plurality of steps that are to be carried out by components of the BIB system102in a particular order, where the data structure may also identify various parameters for the components and/or individual steps. In some embodiments, such processing schedules194may be at least partially presented to a user of the BIB system102to guide the processing of the sample, may be at least partially used by the computing device(s)170to automate and/or adjust settings associated with the processing of the sample, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, sample information192and/or individual processing schedule(s)194may be entered into the computing device170by a user (e.g., using a keypad, keyboard, mouse, voice command, touchscreen, etc.), received via a hardware connection (e.g., CD/DVD, USB, HDMI, portable memory, etc.), received over a network connection (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, the Internet, etc.), received in association with the sample being inserted into the BIB system102(e.g., accessible memory on the sample holder116), generated based on sensor information or sample information192, or a combination thereof. For example, in an example embodiment the BIB system102may be configured to receive an identifier via an RFID on the sample holder116, access sample information192associated with the identifier over a network connection, and then identify or generate a processing schedule194for the sample104based on the identifier, the sample information, or both.

As used herein, the term “module” is intended to represent example divisions of executable instructions for purposes of discussion and is not intended to represent any type of requirement or required method, manner, or organization. Accordingly, while various “modules” are described, their functionality and/or similar functionality could be arranged differently (e.g., combined into a fewer number of modules, broken into a larger number of modules, etc.). Further, while certain functions and modules are described herein as being implemented by software and/or firmware executable on a processor, in other instances, any or all of modules can be implemented in whole or in part by hardware (e.g., a specialized processing unit, etc.) to execute the described functions.

The control module188can be executable by the processors182to cause a computing device170and/or BIB system102to take one or more actions and/or perform a step of a sample processing schedule. In some embodiments, the control module188may be executable to adjust the settings of individual components of the BIB system102(e.g., BIB source, laser source, etc.), cause individual components of the BIB system102to perform particular operations (e.g., move the sample holder within the BIB system102, open or close valves, emit a broad ion beam, emit an optical beam, align the sample, adjust pressure settings or gases present in a volume130,140, and/or152, etc.), or a combination thereof. For example, the control module188may be executable to cause the sample holder manipulator126to engage with a desired sample holder116stored within the BIB system102(e.g., stored in a storage cassette120positioned within a cassette storage volume122, stored in a sample holder storage volume118, etc.) and to translate, tilt, and/or rotate the engaged sample holder116to the sample stage area112so that it is nested with the mask114and the sample104has a desired geometric relationship with the mask114. In such examples, the control module118may be further executable to return said sample holder116to the place it was stored within the BIB system102once the sample104has been processed, and then engage with an additional sample holder116, and then translate the additional sample holder116to the sample stage area112so that the additional sample104can be processed.

Alternatively, or in addition, the control module188may cause a display186to present a processing protocol to a user, present information about the sample being processed, etc. For example, the control module188may present video/image information of the alignment of the sample with the mask114, a surface of the sample104being removed/polished/processed, etc. In some embodiments, the control module188may cause the display186to present a graphical user interface that includes selectable interfaces that allow a user to input and/or alter data associated with the sample104and/or select protocol steps or component configurations that are to be used when processing the sample104.

The sample processing module190can be executable by the processors182to at least partially automate the processing of samples104by the BIB system102. For example, the sample processing module190may be executable to reposition sample holder(s)116in the BIB system102, access sample information192for the sample, determine a processing schedule194for the sample104, adjust the configuration of components of the BIB system102drive, and/or cause the components of the BIB system102to perform the processing of a sample104. According to the present invention, the sample processing module190may obtain sample information192for a sample104that is to be processed. In various embodiments, the sample processing module190may obtain the information by receiving it from a user input, over a hardwire or wireless connection. Alternatively, or in addition, the sample processing module190may obtain the information by determining it based on sensor information.

The sample processing module190may also be executable to determine desired component configurations for the components of the BIB system102based on user input, sample information192for the sample104, a processing schedule194associated with the sample104, or a combination thereof. For example, based on sample information192indicating the composition of the sample material that is to be removed and the amount of material that is to be removed, the sample processing module190may determine a desired broad ion beam strength (e.g., BIB current, accelerating voltage, stage rocking, etc.) and time of irradiation with the broad ion beam required to process the sample104, and may adjust the BIB source106configurations and/or the associated processing schedule194accordingly.

Additionally, sample processing module190may also be executable to obtain a processing schedule194associated with a sample104that is to be processed. Obtaining the processing schedule194may correspond to accessing a predetermined processing schedule from an accessible data structure, modifying a predetermined processing schedule, generating a processing schedule for the sample, or a combination thereof. For example, after determining an identifier of a sample (e.g., by scanning a barcode on the sample holder116) the sample processing module190may use the identifier to access sample information192and/or a processing schedule194from a data structure stored on an accessible memory. Alternatively, or in addition, a user may enter an identifier for the sample, sample information194, a desired result of the process, a type of processing to occur, etc., which the sample processing module190can use to generate a tailored processing schedule194that will cause the BIB system102to perform the desired processing of the sample. For example, based on the specifications of the processing schedule194, the sample processing module190may cause the BIB system102to process one or more samples104using any of the methods shown inFIGS.3-6. In some embodiments, the sample processing module190may provide a series of GUI's on the display186that allow a user to approve and/or give instructions to execute a step of the processing schedule194. The sample processing module190may further be executable to perform some or all of the steps of the processing schedule194independent from user input.

The sample processing module190can be further executable by the processors182to automatically move sample holders116within the BIB system102so that many samples104can be processed in succession. For example, based on a user input identifying a plurality of samples that are to be processed, the sample processing module190may cause the sample holder manipulator126to sequentially move the associated sample holders116between storage locations (e.g., a storage cassette120positioned within a cassette storage volume122, a sample holder storage volume118, etc.) and the sample stage area112so that each of the identified samples can be processed. Because the sample processing module190is further configured to cause the BIB system102to perform some or all of the processing steps without user input, the sample processing module190allows the BIB system102to automatically process a plurality of samples is quick succession and without user oversight. In this way, the BIB systems102of the present disclosure allows a single user to monitor the sample processing of many samples across a plurality of BIB systems102, and/or BIB systems102to be left without user oversight to process a series of samples over long periods of time.

The computing devices170include one or more processors configured to execute instructions, applications, or programs stored in a memory(s) accessible to the one or more processors. In some examples, the one or more processors may include hardware processors that include, without limitation, a hardware central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and so on. While in many instances the techniques are described herein as being performed by the one or more processors, in some instances the techniques may be implemented by one or more hardware logic components, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-chip (SoC), or a combination thereof.

The memories accessible to the one or more processors are examples of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media may include two types of computer-readable media, namely computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media may include volatile and non-volatile, removable, and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that may be used to store the desired information and which may be accessed by a computing device. In general, computer storage media may include computer executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processing units, cause various functions and/or operations described herein to be performed. In contrast, communication media embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave, or other transmission mechanism. As defined herein, computer storage media does not include communication media.

Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that items or portions thereof may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other implementations, some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the computing devices170. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a non-transitory, computer accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some implementations, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from the computing devices170may be transmitted to the computing hardware and the computing devices170via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a wireless link. Various implementations may further include receiving, sending, or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium.

FIG.2is an illustration of an example environment200where BIB system(s)102for more efficient processing of multiple samples within a sample preparation workflow. Specifically,FIG.2illustrates the environment200as including a sample preparation station202, a sample transportation device250, a BIB system102, and a charged particle microscope260. However, persons having skill in the art will understand how different stations, components, and devices may be used to allow the BIB systems102according to the present disclosure to efficiently process samples. For example, the example environment200, or component elements/stations/devices therein, may be used to practice the methods described inFIGS.3-6as well as other processes described herein.

FIG.2illustrates the sample preparation station202as being a hooded work area having a controlled pressure and atmospheric gas composition. Specifically,FIG.2shows the sample preparation station202comprising a barrier material204that defines a working volume206and one or more optionally sealable apertures208through which components can be passed between the working volume206and the outside environment. However, a person having skill in the art would understand that the sample preparation station202may correspond to an open environment. Additionally, while the sample preparation station202is illustrated inFIG.2as being separate from the BIB system102, a person having skill in the art would understand that in some embodiments the sample preparation station202may be included within the BIB system102in a separate chamber form the interior volume such that a sample may be aligned on a sample holder in the sample preparation station202while a different sample is processed by a BIB source within the interior volume of the BIB system102.

In some embodiments, a user can select the pressure and atmospheric gas composition within the working volume206so that they are optimal for preparation of a desired sample210type. The working volume206is depicted as containing example elements for preparing samples210for processing in BIB systems102. For example, the working volume206is shown as including a plurality of samples210that have been harvested/generated and prepared for examination, a plurality of empty sample holders212upon which the samples210can be positioned, an example aid214for aligning/positioning the sample on a sample holder, and sample holders216that contain a sample. While the example aid214is illustrated as being an optical microscope system, a person having skill in the art will understand that different types of samples210/preparation workflows may require different types of aids to optimally align/position samples on the sample holder.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation station further includes an additional mask218for aligning the sample210on the sample holders212. The additional mask218is geometrically configured such that when a sample is aligned and/or positioned to have a certain geometric relationship between the sample and an edge of the additional mask218when the sample holder is nested with the additional mask218, then the sample210will have the same certain geometric relationship between the sample and the edge of the mask114(a) when the sample holder is nested with the mask114within the BIB system102. This geometric similarity between the mask114and the additional mask218allows for samples to be aligned on their respective sample holders without taking up potential time in which the BIB system102can be processing samples with broad ion and/or optical beams. In some embodiments, aligning the sample within the sample preparation station202may correspond to an optically aligning the sample without the use of the additional mask218. For example, a sample may be optically aligned with respect to the sample holder by adjusting an adjustable portion of the sample holder such that the sample will be in a desired position with the sample holder is nested with the mask114within the BIB system102. Example methods for optically aligning the sample in this way include, but are not limited to adjusting a sample edge to a marked position (e.g., using an optical microscope and/or an image recognition algorithm), using a laser gate sensing to determine desired positioned, etc.

Additionally,FIG.2shows the sample preparation system as including a storage cassette220that is configured to hold a plurality of sample holders216. The storage cassette220is configured to allow many samples210and their corresponding sample holders216to be transported to and/or loaded into the BIB system102. In this way, a user can use the additional mask218to pre-align each multiple samples210and then load them within a storage cassette220.

FIG.2further shows an optional sample transportation device250that is configured to transport the sample holder216between the sample preparation station202and the BIB system102and/or between the BIB system102and the charged particle microscope206260. In some embodiments, the sample transportation device250may maintain a desired pressure and/or gas environment around the sample holder216during transportation. In such embodiments, the sample transportation device250allow a sample to be prepared in the sample preparation station202, processed in the BIB system102, and investigated in the charged particle microscope206260without being exposed to a pressure or gas other than the desired pressure and/or gas environment. Alternatively, the sample holder216or the storage cassette220may be themselves transported between the sample preparation station202and the BIB system102. In some embodiments, the storage cassette220may be able to maintain the plurality of sample holders216it contains at a desired pressure and/or gas environment.

FIG.2further shows the example environment200as including example BIB system(s)102as described in association withFIG.1. The BIB systems102include a BIB source106and an optional additional BIB source148that are configured to emit a broad ion beam along a BIB axis toward a sample stage area112. The broad ion beam is configured such that, when portions of the broad ion beam incident up on the sample210, the material of the sample upon which the broad ion beam is incident are milled or otherwise removed from the sample. The sample stage area112may include a mask114configured to block a portion of the broad ion beam such that sample material corresponding to a portion of interest is not milled or otherwise removed from the sample210by incident ions. The sample stage area112may also include a holder interface configured to receive a sample holder216such that it can be positioned and held in relation to the mask114during processing of the sample210such that the mask protects portions of interest in the sample. BIB system102is further shown as including an optional laser source162. The BIB systems102are configured to process samples as described in the discussion ofFIG.1and/or according to the methods described inFIGS.3-6as well as other processes described herein.

Example environment200is further depicted as including charged particle microscope system(s)260for inspection of a sample210that has been processed with a BIB system102according to the present invention. The example charged particle microscope system(s)260may include electron microscope (EM) setups or electron lithography setups that are configured to irradiate and/or otherwise impinge the sample210with a beam of electrically charged particles222(usually an electron beam or an ion beam). In various embodiments the charged particle microscope system260may be or include one or more different types of EM and/or charged particle microscopes, such as, but not limited to, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a charged particle microscope (CPM), dual beam microscopy system, etc. Additionally, in some embodiments a TEM is capable of operating as a STEM as well.FIG.2shows the example charged particle microscope system(s)260as being a scanning electron microscope (SEM)224.

FIG.3depicts a sample process300for processing samples with a dual BIB system enabling increased system uptime, according to the present invention. The process300may be implemented with any of the BIB systems102, in any environment, including any of the example environment(s)200for more efficient processing of multiple samples within a sample preparation workflow.

At step302, a sample to be processed is optionally determined. For example, the sample to be processed may be determined based on an input received from a user via an interface on the BIB system, or via an associated computing device. Alternatively, the sample to be processed may be determined by the BIB system or an associated computing device accessing a data structure (i.e., table, schedule, metadata, etc.) and/or execute instructions that result in the determination of the next sample to be processed. For example, a BIB system may be configured such that it sequentially accesses a plurality of sample holders that are stored within it, allowing a user to preload a number of samples into the BIB system to be automatically processed in series. In such an example, the BIB system of associated computing device would keep track of the order the samples are to be processed which sample of the plurality is next to be processed.

At step304, a processing schedule for the sample is determined. A processing schedule for the sample corresponds to the BIB system configurations and workflow settings that are to be followed to achieve a desired processing result for the sample (e.g., a BIB strength, a BIB milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, or a combination thereof). In some embodiments, the processing schedule may be input by a user by selecting a processing schedule from a list of premade processing schedules, inputting/generating a new processing schedule, inputting individual step or configuration instructions, or a combination thereof. For example, an associated computer may present a graphical user interface that includes selectable interfaces that allow a user to input and/or alter data associated with the sample and/or select protocol steps or component configurations that are to be used when processing the sample. In another example, in cases where a BIB system is frequently used to process a particular type of sample to prepare it for a certain examination modality, the BIB system or associated computer may have stored an associated processing schedule that a user can select (either manually or via metadata associated with the sample, sample holder, etc.) to initiate the frequently used processing configuration/workflow.

In some embodiments, the processing schedule may be received with sample information associated with the sample to be processed. Sample information includes one or more of a sample identification information, sample composition, a region of interest, a surface of interest, associated processing schedules, etc. Alternatively, or in addition, the BIB system or associated computing system may use predefined rules/instructions to determine the processing schedule for the sample based on the sample information. For example, a user may enter an identifier for the sample which the BIB system may use to access a data structure that specifies the relevant sample information, which the BIB system then uses predefined rules to create a tailored processing schedule that will cause the BIB system to perform the desired processing of the sample. As an example, the BIB system may set the beam strength of the broad ion beam based on the material composition that is to be removed, and/or adjust the milling time based on the amount of the material that is to be removed.

At step306, the sample is prepared for processing. Preparing the sample for processing may include harvesting the sample from a larger specimen or otherwise generating the sample (e.g., growing or depositing portions of the sample), loading the sample onto a sample holder, aligning the sample, transporting the sample to the BIB system, transporting the sample holder to a sample stage area within the BIB system, etc. For example, the BIB system may cause a component sample holder transporting element to retrieve a sample holder associated with the sample to be processed from a storage area, and translate, tilt, and/or rotate the sample holder so that the geometric relationship between the sample and a protective mask is such that the mask will protect desired portions of the sample during irradiation/milling.

At step308, a BIB source is caused to emit a broad ion beam toward the sample.FIG.3further shows step310as being performable while the broad ion beam is being emitted toward the sample. At step310an additional BIB source is accessed. According to the present invention, the additional BIB source is positioned within a volume that can be selectable sealed from the interior of the BIB system via a valve. In this way, when the valve is closed, milled material from the sample cannot pass into the volume containing the additional BIB source. Additionally, in some embodiments the pressure and/or gaseous makeup is not affected when the additional BIB source is accessed. In various embodiments, accessing the additional BIB source at310may include one or more of removing the additional BIB source312from the BIB system (e.g., for cleaning, adjustment, repair, etc.), performing maintenance on the additional BIB system314(e.g., cleaning, aligning, etc.), replacing the additional BIB source316(e.g., reinstalling the BIB source after cleaning/maintenance), and/or installing a new BIB source318in the BIB system.

At step320, portions of the sample are removed with the broad ion beam. According to the present invention, step320may include milling with a source different from the broad ion beam, such as the dual optical and ion milling process described inFIG.4. In step320portions of the sample that are not shielded by the protective mask are removed from the sample. In this way, a region of interest and/or portion of the sample that will be subject to additional processing may be rapidly exposed.

At step322, it is determined whether another sample is to be milled. If the answer at322is yes, then the process returns to step302and the sample that is to be processed is determined. In this way, numerous samples can be processed while the additional BIB system is being accessed. If the answer at322is no, then the process300may end.

FIG.4depicts a sample process400for processing samples with a dual mode, optical and BIB milling system for more efficient sample processing, according to the present invention. The process400may be implemented with any of the BIB systems102, in any environment, including any of the example environment(s)200for more efficient processing of multiple samples within a sample preparation workflow.

At step402, a sample to be processed is optionally determined. For example, the sample to be processed may be determined based on an input received from a user via an interface on the BIB system, or via an associated computing device. Alternatively, the sample to be processed may be determined by the BIB system or an associated computing device accessing a data structure (i.e., table, schedule, metadata, etc.) and/or execute instructions that result in the determination of the next sample to be processed.

At step404, a processing schedule for the sample is determined. A processing schedule for the sample corresponds to the BIB system configurations and workflow settings that are to be followed to achieve a desired processing result for the sample (e.g., a BIB strength, a BIB milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, or a combination thereof). In various embodiments, the processing schedule may be input by a user, received with sample information associated with the sample to be processed, or determined by the BIB system (e.g., based on the sample information).

At step406, the sample is prepared for processing. Preparing the sample for processing may include harvesting the sample from a larger specimen or otherwise generating the sample (e.g., growing or depositing portions of the sample), loading the sample onto a sample holder, aligning the sample, transporting the sample to the BIB system, transporting the sample holder to a sample stage area within the BIB system, etc. For example, the BIB system may cause a component sample holder transporting element to retrieve a sample holder associated with the sample to be processed from a storage area, and translate, tilt, and/or rotate the sample holder so that the geometric relationship between the sample and a protective mask is such that the mask will protect desired portions of the sample during irradiation/milling.

At step408, a laser source is caused to emit an optical beam (e.g., laser) toward the sample. The optical beam emitted by the laser source is of a higher beam energy and/or strength than a broad ion beam. At step410, a first portion of the sample are removed with the optical beam. Because of the increased strength of the optical beam, it can remove sample material upon which it is incident at a rate that is 10-50× greater that what is possible with a broad ion beam. However, while the removal of the sample material is more rapid with an optical beam, milling and/or processing with the optical beam also causes damage/burning on the remaining sample surface.

At step412. a BIB source is caused to emit a broad ion beam toward the sample, and at step414, a second portion of the sample are removed with the broad ion beam. Because the broad ion beam is able to remove sample material without damaging the sample surface, the broad ion beam is able to remove final portions of the sample (i.e., damaged portions of the sample) without causing further damage to the sample. In this way, once a large portion of material is rapidly removed with the optical beam, the broad ion beam can be used to remove final portions of the sample to expose a region of interest.

FIG.5depicts a sample process500for a processing multiple samples within a dual BIB system with reduced downtime, according to the present invention. The process500may be implemented with any of the BIB systems102, in any environment, including any of the example environment(s)200for more efficient processing of multiple samples within a sample preparation workflow.

At step502, a sample to be processed is optionally determined. For example, the sample to be processed may be determined based on an input received from a user via an interface on the BIB system, or via an associated computing device. Alternatively, the sample to be processed may be determined by the BIB system or an associated computing device accessing a data structure (i.e., table, schedule, metadata, etc.) and/or execute instructions that result in the determination of the next sample to be processed.

At step504, a processing schedule for the sample is determined. A processing schedule for the sample corresponds to the BIB system configurations and workflow settings that are to be followed to achieve a desired processing result for the sample (e.g., a BIB strength, a BIB milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, or a combination thereof). In various embodiments, the processing schedule may be input by a user, received with sample information associated with the sample to be processed, or determined by the BIB system (e.g., based on the sample information).

At step506, a sample holder associated with the sample to be processed is removed from a storage location within the BIB system. For example, the BIB system may cause a component sample holder transporting element (e.g., sample holder manipulator) to retrieve a sample holder associated with the sample to be processed from a storage area within the BIB system and/or from within a sample storage/transport device (e.g., a storage cassette).

At step508, the sample holder is positioned in a sample stage area. Specifically, the sample holder may be translated, tilted, and/or rotated by a sample holder transporting element such that a geometric relationship between the sample and a protective mask is such that the mask will protect desired portions of the sample during irradiation/milling. In some embodiments, the sample may also be aligned with the mask based on user and/or sensor input. Alternatively, or in addition, the sample may have been realigned using a workflow such as the one described inFIG.6.

At step510, the sample is processed. Specifically, a BIB source is caused to emit a broad ion beam toward the sample. First portions of the sample upon which the broad ion beam is incident are milled away, while second portion of the sample that the protective mask of the BIB source blocks is not milled away. Alternatively, or in addition, the sample may be processed in the BIB system using other sample preparation workflows, including but not limited to, the processes described herein.

At step512, the sample holder is removed from the sample stage area. That is, the sample holder is translated, tilted, and/or rotated by the sample holder transporting element so that the sample holder is either stored in a storage location, a sample transport device, or transported through a port out of the BIB system.

At step514, it is determined whether another sample is to be processed. If the answer at514is yes, then the process returns to step502and the sample that is to be processed is determined. If the answer at514is no, then the process500may end.

FIG.6depicts a sample process300for processing samples with a BIB system enabling increased system uptime, according to the present invention. The process600may be implemented with any of the BIB systems102, in any environment, including any of the example environment(s)200for more efficient processing of multiple samples within a sample preparation workflow.

At step602, a sample is obtained. Specifically, the sample may be obtained by harvesting the sample from a larger specimen, growing or depositing portions of the sample, milling away portions of a larger sample, or a combination thereof.

At step604, the sample is affixed to a sample holder, and at step606, nesting the sample holder with a first mask. The first mask is geometrically similar to a second protective mask within a BIB system such that a sample that is in a desired alignment with relation to the first mask will also be in the desired alignment with the second sample. That is, when the sample is aligned to a desired position on the sample holder with the first mask, it does not need to be further aligned when the sample holder is subsequently nested in the second mask in the BIB system.

At step608, aligning the sample with the first mask. For example, a user may use an optical microscope, sensors, or eyesight to manipulate sample alignment elements on the sample holder so that the sample is translated, tilted, or rotated until it is in a desired alignment position. Once the sample is aligned, the sample holder can be translated to a sample storage area within the BIB system and/or from within a sample storage/transport device (e.g., a storage cassette). For example, after a sample is pre-aligned in this way, the sample holder may be transported to a storage location in the BIB system in which the sample is to be processed. In some embodiments, the BIB system may have a separate sample alignment chamber in which some or all of steps602-608may be performed, and a sample manipulation element may transport the sample holder containing the aligned sample into a storage location within the BIB system. In this way, as a user is aligning samples with the first mask, the BIB system can be processing pre-aligned samples using the second mask.

In an alternative example, once the sample is aligned with the first mask, the sample may be loaded onto a sample transport device that protect the sample during transportation/loading into the BIB system in which they will be processed. Such a transport device may be configured to transport a single sample holder or many sample holders. In some embodiments, the transport devices may preserve a pressure or gaseous environment around the sample during transport. In this way, a sample can be prepared in a sample preparation area having a controlled pressure and/or gaseous composition, and then transported to the BIB system without exposing the sample to a new pressure/gaseous composition.

At step610, it is determined whether another sample is to be aligned. If the answer at610is yes, then the process returns to step602and another sample is obtained. In this way, multiple samples can be pre-aligned and loaded into a sample storage area within the BIB system and/or from within a sample storage/transport device. Because a user can align many samples in a continuous manner, the throughput of the sample preparation across a plurality of samples using this method can be greatly streamlined.

If the answer at610is no, then the process600continues at step612where the sample holder is nested with a second mask within a BIB system. Because the sample was pre-aligned with the first mask, when the sample holder is nested with the second mask it does not need further alignment. This greatly increases the speed at which samples can be processed within the system.

At step614, the sample is processed with the BIB system. For example, portion of the sample can be removed with an optical or broad ion beam according to any of the processes described herein. Additionally, since much of the user input that is presently needed by current BIB systems is related to the alignment process, by pre-aligning the samples using this process, the required user input can be performed all at once during the alignment of multiple samples, and the remaining processing steps can be at least partially automated such that a BIB system according to the present invention is able to process multiple pre-aligned samples with little or no user input/oversight.

At step616, it is determined whether another sample is to be processed. If the answer at616is yes, then the process returns to step612and another sample holder is nested with the second mask. If the answer at616is no, then the process600may end.

FIGS.7A and7Bare example drawings that illustrate a sample702being pre-aligned with a first mask704, and the sample702subsequently being processed with a BIB system containing a second mask706. Specifically,FIG.7Ashows the sample702being aligned on a sample holder708using an optical microscope710.FIG.7Bshows the sample704being processed within a BIB system using a broad ion beam712from a BIB source714. Because the sample702was pre-aligned with the first mask704, and because the second mask706is geometrically similar to the first mask704, the sample702does not need to be aligned/positioned within the BIB system.

Examples of inventive subject matter according to the present disclosure are described in the following enumerated paragraphs.A1. A broad ion beam (BIB) sample preparation system having improved uptime, the BIB sample preparation system comprising: a housing defining an interior volume; a sample stage positioned within the interior volume, wherein the sample stage is configured to hold a sample holder during polishing of a sample held by the sample holder; a first BIB source configured to emit a first broad ion beam towards the sample when in use, wherein the first BIB source is positioned within a first source housing; and a second BIB source configured to emit a second broad ion beam towards the sample when in use, wherein the first BIB source is positioned within a first source housing, wherein the second BIB source is configured to be removed while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam toward the sample.A2. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A1, wherein the second source is further configured to be reinstalled while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam toward the sample.A2.1. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A2, wherein the first source is configured to be removed while the second source is emitting the second broad ion beam toward the sample.A2.2. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A2-A2.2, wherein the first source is configured to be reinstalled while the second BIB source is emitting the second broad ion beam toward the sample.A3. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A1-A2.2, wherein the first source housing and the second source housing are each at least partially located within the interior volume.A4. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A1-A3, wherein the first source housing at least partially defines: a first volume which includes the first BIB source; and a first aperture that connects the first volume with the interior volume.A4.1. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A4, further comprising a first valve configured to switch between: an open state where the ions emitted from the first BIB source are allowed to pass through the first aperture from the first volume to interior volume; and a sealed state where the first valve prevents ions or emissions from the sample from passing from the interior volume to the first volume.A4.1.1. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A4.1, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first volume may be opened to an external environment without affecting the pressure within the interior volume.A4.1.2. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A4.1-A4.1.1, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first volume may be opened to an external environment without affecting the composition of gases within the interior volume.A4.1.3. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A4.1-A4.1.2, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first BIB source can be at least one of removed and reinstalled from the BIB sample preparation system without affecting the pressure or gas composition within the interior volume.A4.1.4. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A4.1-A4.1.3, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first volume may be opened to an external environment without breaking a vacuum in the interior volume.A4.1.5. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A4.1-A4.1.4, wherein the first valve corresponds to one of a shutter, a valve, or a door.A4.2. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A4-A4.1.5, wherein the first housing further defines a first BIB source maintenance aperture which allows the first BIB source to be removed from or reinstalled within the first volume.A4.2.1. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A4.1, further comprising a first access port that is configured to switch between: an open state in which the first BIB source can be removed from or reinstalled within the first volume; and a closed state the first volume is sealed from the external environment.A4.2.2. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A4.2.1, wherein the first housing is configured to, when the first valve and the first access port are each in the closed state, allow the first volume to be pressurized independently of the interior volume or the second volume.A5. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A1-A4.2.2, wherein the second source housing at least partially defines: a second volume which includes the second BIB source; and a second aperture the connects the second volume with the interior volume.A5.1. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A5, further comprising a second valve configured to switch between: an open state where the ions emitted from the second BIB source are allowed to pass through the second aperture from the second volume to interior volume; and a sealed state where the second valve prevents ions or emissions from the sample from passing from the interior volume to the second volume.A5.1.1. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A5.1, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first volume may be opened to an external environment without affecting the pressure within the interior volume.A5.1.2. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A5.1-A5.1.1, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first volume may be opened to an external environment without affecting the composition of gases within the interior volume.A5.1.3. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A5.1-A5.1.21, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first BIB source can be at least one of removed and reinstalled from the BIB sample preparation system without affecting the pressure or gas composition within the interior volume.A5.1.4. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A5.1-A5.1.3, wherein when the first valve is in the sealed state, the first volume may be opened to an external environment without breaking a vacuum in the interior volume.A5.1.5. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A5.1-A5.1.4, wherein the second valve corresponds to one of a shutter, a valve, or a door.A5.2. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A5-A5.1.5, wherein the second housing further defines a second BIB source maintenance aperture which allows the second BIB source to be removed from or reinstalled within the second volume.A5.2.1. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A5.1, further comprising a second access port that is configured to switch between: an open state in which the second BIB source can be removed from or reinstalled within the second volume; and a closed state the second volume is sealed from the external environment.A5.2.2. The BIB sample preparation system of paragraph A5.2.1, wherein the second housing is configured to, when the second valve and the second access port are each in the closed state, allow the second volume to be pressurized independently of the interior volume or the first volume.A6. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A1-A5.2.2, further comprising one or more additional BIB sources.A7. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A1-A5.2.2, wherein the first BIB source emits the first broad ion beam toward the sample along a first axis, the second BIB source emits the second broad ion beam toward the sample along a second axis, and the angle between the first source and the second source is between 60 degrees and 120 degrees.A8. The BIB sample preparation system of any of paragraphs A1-A7, wherein, further comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer readable instructions that, when executed on the processor, cause the processor to initiate the performance of the method of any of paragraphs B1-B7.2.1.B1. A method for operating a broad ion beam (BIB) polisher having improved uptime, the method comprising: causing a first BIB source to emit a first broad ion beam towards a sample positioned within an interior volume of the BIB polisher, wherein the first broad ion beam causes a portion of the sample upon which it is incident to be removed; removing, while the first BIB source is in emitting the first broad ion beam towards the sample, a second BIB source from the BIB polisher, wherein the second BIB source is configured to emit a second broad ion beam towards the sample when the second BIB source is in use.B2. The method of paragraph B1, further comprising reinstalling the second BIB source into the BIB polishing system.B2.1. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the second BIB source is reinstalled while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam.B2.1.1. The method of paragraph B2.1, wherein the second BIB source is reinstalled while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam towards the sample.B2.1.2. The method of paragraph B2.1, wherein the second BIB source is reinstalled while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam towards a different sample.B3. The method of any of paragraphs B1-B2.1, further comprising causing the second BIB source to emit the second broad ion beam.B3.1. The method of paragraph B3, wherein the second broad ion beam is emitted towards the sample.B3.2. The method of paragraph B3, wherein the second broad ion beam is emitted towards a different sample.B4. The method of any of paragraphs B1-B3.2, further comprising installing a third BIB source into the BIB polishing system.B4.1. The method of paragraph B4, wherein the third BIB source is installed while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam.B4.1.1. The method of paragraph B4.1, wherein the third BIB source is installed while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam towards the sample.B4.1.2. The method of paragraph B4.1, wherein the third BIB source is installed while the first BIB source is emitting the first broad ion beam towards a different sample.B4.2. The method of any of paragraphs B4-B4.1.2, further comprising: causing the third BIB source to emit a third broad ion beam; and removing, while the third BIB source is in emitting the third broad ion beam, the first BIB source from the BIB polisher.B5. The method of any of paragraphs B1-B4.2, further comprising: causing the second BIB source to emit the second broad ion beam towards a new sample positioned within the interior volume of the BIB polisher, wherein the second broad ion beam causes a portion of the new sample upon which it is incident to be removed; and removing, while the second BIB source is in emitting the second broad ion beam towards the new sample, the first BIB source from the BIB polisher.B6. The method of any of paragraphs B4.2-B5, further comprising reinstalling the first BIB source into the BIB polishing system.B6.1. The method of paragraph B6, wherein the first BIB source is reinstalled while the second BIB source is emitting the second broad ion beam.B6.1.1. The method of paragraph B6.1, wherein the first BIB source is reinstalled while the second BIB source is emitting the second broad ion beam towards the sample.B6.1.2. The method of paragraph B6.1, wherein the first BIB source is reinstalled while the second BIB source is emitting the second broad ion beam towards a different sample.B7. The method of any of paragraphs B1-B6.1.2, wherein the BIB polisher comprises a source housing that defines a housing volume and an aperture between the housing volume and the interior volume of the BIB polisher.B7.1. The method of paragraph B7, wherein the second BIB source is positioned within the housing volume.B7.2. The method of any of paragraphs B7-B7.1, wherein the BIB polisher further comprises a valve configured to switch between: an open state where the ions emitted from the second BIB source are allowed to pass through the aperture from the housing volume to interior volume; and a sealed state where the valve prevents ions or emissions from the sample from passing from the interior volume to the housing volume.B7.2.1. The method of paragraph B7.2, further comprising causing the valve to switch to the sealed state before removing the second BIB source from the BIB polisher.C1. A method for preparing a sample with a combined broad ion beam (BIB) and laser sample preparation system, the method including the steps: positioning a sample within the interior volume of the combined sample preparation system; causing a laser source component of the combined sample preparation system to emit an optical beam towards the sample, wherein the optical beam causes a first portion of the sample upon which it is incident to be removed; and causing a BIB source component of the combined sample preparation system to emit a broad ion beam towards the sample, wherein the broad ion beam causes a second portion of the sample upon which it is incident to be removed to reveal a region of interest.C2. The method of paragraph C1, wherein the sample is irradiated by each of the optical beam and the broad ion beam without removing the sample from the interior volume.C2.1. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the sample is irradiated by each of the optical beam and the broad ion beam without repositioning the sampleC2.2. The method of any of paragraphs C2-C2.1, wherein the sample is irradiated by each of the optical beam and the broad ion beam without repositioning the laser sourceC2.3. The method of any of paragraphs C2-C2.2, wherein the sample is irradiated by each of the optical beam and the broad ion beam without repositioning the BIB source.C3. The method of any of paragraphs C1-C2.3, wherein the laser source if configured to irradiate the sample with the optical beam for a first time period, and the BIB source is configured to irradiate the sample with the optical beam for a first time period.C3.1. The method of paragraph C2, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is a predetermined time period.C3.2. The method of any of paragraphs C3-C3.1, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is provided via a user input.C3.3. The method of any of paragraphs C3-C3.2, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is determined by accessing sample information associated with the sampleC3.4. The method of any of paragraphs C3-C3.3, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is determined based on a material of the first portion of the sampleC3.5. The method of any of paragraphs C3-C3.4, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is determined based on one or more sensors receiving information indicating that the first portion of the sample has been removedC3.6. The method of any of paragraphs C3-C3.5, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is determined based on one or more sensors receiving information indicating that the second portion of the sample has been removed.C3.7. The method of any of paragraphs C3-C3.6, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is determined based on one or more sensors receiving information indicating that the region of interest has been exposed.C3.8. The method of any of paragraphs C3-C3.7, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period is determined based on one or more of a laser strength, a portion of the sample to be removed with the laser, a BIB strength, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, or a combination thereof.C4. The method of any of paragraphs C1-C3.8, wherein the method further comprises receiving sample information.C4.1. The method of paragraph C4, wherein the sample information is received via user input.C4.2. The method of paragraph C4, wherein the sample information is received by accessing a data file associated with the sample.C4.3. The method of any of paragraphs C4-C4.2, wherein the sample information includes one or more of a sample composition, a region of interest, and a surface of interest.C4.4. The method of any of paragraphs C4-C4.3, wherein the sample information includes one or more processing schedules.C4.4.1. The method of paragraph C4.4, wherein the method further comprises determining one or more processing schedules based on the sample information.C4.4.2. The method of paragraph C4.4, wherein the one or more processing schedules comprise one or more of a laser strength, a laser milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with the laser, a BIB strength, a BIB milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, or a combination thereof.C5. The method of any of paragraphs C1-C4.4.2, further comprising: positioning an additional sample within the interior volume of the combined sample preparation system; causing the laser source component of the combined sample preparation system to emit an additional optical beam towards the additional sample, wherein the additional optical beam causes a first portion of the additional sample upon which it is incident to be removed; and causing the BIB source component of the combined sample preparation system to emit an additional broad ion beam towards the additional sample, wherein the additional broad ion beam causes a second portion of the additional sample upon which it is incident to be removed to reveal an additional region of interest.C6. The method of any of paragraphs C1-C5, wherein the optical beam removes sample material 20×, 30×, 50×, or more rapidly than the broad ion beam.D1. A combined broad ion beam (BIB) and laser sample preparation system having improved polishing throughput, the combined sample preparation system comprising: a housing defining an interior volume; a sample stage positioned within the interior volume, wherein the sample stage is configured to hold a sample holder during polishing of a sample held by the sample holder; a laser source configured to emit an optical beam towards the sample when in use, wherein the optical beam causes a first portion of the sample upon which it is incident to be removed; and a BIB source configured to emit a broad ion beam towards the sample when in use, wherein the broad ion beam causes a second portion of the sample upon which it is incident to be removed to reveal a region of interest.D2. The combined sample preparation system of paragraph D1, further comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer readable instructions that, when executed on the processor, cause the processor to initiate the performance of the method of any of paragraphs C1-C6.E1. A storage cassette for storing multiple samples for broad ion beam (BIB) polishing, the storage cassette comprising: a housing at least partially defining an internal storage volume; a plurality of sample holder housings located within the internal storage volume, wherein each individual sample holder housing is configured to receive a sample holder that includes a corresponding sample for polishing in a BIB system; and wherein the storage cassette is configured to be inserted into the BIB system, and each of the sample holder housings are further configured to allow its corresponding sample holder to be removed from the cassette when the cassette is inserted into the BIB system so that the corresponding sample can be polished by the BIB system.F1. A broad ion beam (BIB) system for efficient processing of multiple samples, the BIB system comprising: a housing defining an interior volume; a sample stage positioned within the interior volume, wherein the sample stage is configured to hold a sample holder during polishing of a sample held by the sample holder; a BIB source configured to emit a broad ion beam towards the sample when in use, wherein the first BIB source is positioned within a first source housing; a cassette housing configured to receive and hold a storage cassette of any of paragraphs E1-EXX; and a sample holder manipulator configured to: remove individual sample holders from the storage cassette; load the individual sample holders onto the sample stage so that the corresponding sample can be processed; remove the individual sample holder from the sample stage after the corresponding sample has been processed; and load the individual sample holder back into the storage cassette.F2. The BIB system of paragraph F1, further comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer readable instructions that, when executed on the processor, cause the processor to initiate the performance of the method of any of paragraphs G1-G6.4.2.G1. A method for efficiently processing multiple samples with a broad ion beam (BIB) system, the method comprising the steps of: removing an individual sample holder containing a sample from a storage cassette; loading the individual sample holders onto a sample stage configured to hold the sample holder during polishing of the corresponding sample held by the individual sample holder; causing a BIB source to emit a broad ion beam towards the sample, wherein the broad ion beam removes at least a portion of the sample upon which it is incident; removing the individual sample holder from the sample stage after the corresponding sample has been processed; and loading the individual sample holder back into the storage cassette.G1.1. The method of paragraph G1, further comprising receiving a storage cassette of paragraph E1 for processing in a BIB system.G2. The method of any of paragraphs G1-G1.1, wherein the storage cassette stores a plurality of sample holders that each contain a corresponding sampleG2.1. The method of paragraph G2, further comprising: removing another individual sample holder containing another sample from the storage cassette; loading the another individual sample holders onto the sample stage; causing the BIB source to emit another broad ion beam towards the sample, wherein the another broad ion beam removes at least a portion of the another sample upon which it is incident; removing the another individual sample holder from the sample stage after the corresponding another sample has been processed; and loading the another individual sample holder back into the storage cassette.G2.2. The method of any of paragraphs G2-G2.1, further comprising repeating the method steps recited in paragraph G2.1 for one or more additional samples holders stored in the storage cassette.G3. The method of any of paragraphs G2-G2.2, wherein the samples in the sample holders stored in the storage cassette are pre-aligned.G3.1. The method of paragraph G2, wherein the samples are pre-aligned in their respective sample holders using the method of any of paragraphs H1-H9.G4. The method of any of paragraphs G1-G3.1, wherein the steps described in any of paragraphs G1-G3.1 are at least partially automatically performed by the BIB system.G4.1. The method of paragraph G3.1, wherein the steps described in any of paragraphs G1-G3.1 is performed without user input.G5. The method of any of paragraphs G1-C4.1, wherein the BIB source is configured to irradiate the sample with the broad ion beam for a time period.G5.1. The method of paragraph G5, wherein the time period is a predetermined time period.G5.2. The method of any of paragraphs G5-G5.1, wherein the time period is provided via a user input.G5.3. The method of any of paragraphs G5-G5.2, wherein the time period is determined by accessing sample information associated with the sampleG5.4. The method of any of paragraphs G5-G5.3, wherein the time period is determined based on a material of the portion of the sampleG5.5. The method of any of paragraphs G5-C3.4, wherein the time period is determined based on one or more sensors receiving information indicating that the portion of the sample has been removedG5.7. The method of any of paragraphs G5-C3.6, wherein the time period is determined based on one or more sensors receiving information indicating that a region of interest has been exposed.G5.8. The method of any of paragraphs G5-C3.7, wherein the time period is determined based on one or more of a BIB strength, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, or a combination thereof.G6. The method of any of paragraphs G1-G5.8, wherein the method further comprises receiving sample information.G6.1. The method of paragraph G6, wherein the sample information is received via user input.G6.2. The method of paragraph G6, wherein the sample information is received by accessing a data file associated with the corresponding sample.G6.2.1. The method of paragraph G6.2, wherein the data file is stored on a memory component of the storage cassette.G6.3. The method of any of paragraphs G6-G6.2, wherein the sample information includes one or more of a sample composition, a region of interest, and a surface of interest.G6.4. The method of any of paragraphs G6-G6.3, wherein the sample information includes one or more processing schedules.G6.4.1. The method of paragraph G6.4, wherein the method further comprises determining one or more processing schedules based on the sample information.G6.4.2. The method of paragraph G6.4, wherein the one or more processing schedules comprise one or more of a BIB strength, a BIB milling time, a portion of the sample to be removed with BIB, a surface of interest, or a combination thereof.H1. A method for pre-aligning samples for more efficient processing of multiple samples with a broad ion beam (BIB) system, the method comprising the steps of: affixing a sample to an adjustable portion of a sample holder; nesting the sample holder with a first mask having a first mask edge, wherein the first mask is positioned outside of a broad ion beam (BIB) system; aligning the sample such that it has a desired geometric relationship to the first mask edge; and nesting the sample holder with a second mask having a second mask edge, wherein the second mask is positioned within a BIB system, and wherein the first mask and the second mask are geometrically similar such that the geometric relationship between the first mask edge and the sample when the sample holder is nested with the first mask is the same as the geometric relationship between the second mask edge and the sample when the sample holder is nested with the second mask.H2. The method of paragraph H1, wherein when the sample holder is nested with the second mask, the sample has the desired geometric relationship with the second edge without any alignment of the sample within the BIB system.H3. The method of any of paragraphs H1-H2, further comprising irradiating a portion of the second mask and a portion of the sample with a broad ion beam to remove portions of the sample.H3.1. The method of paragraph H3.1, wherein the second mask is made of a hard material that is not degraded by the broad ion beam.H3.2. The method of any of paragraphs H3-H3.1, wherein the second mask blocks a portion of the broad ion beam such that a portion of interest of the sample is not removed from the sample.H4. The method of any of paragraphs H1-H3.2, wherein aligning corresponds to adjusting the adjustable portion of the sample holder so that the sample is positioned such that it has a desired geometric relationship to the first mask edge.H5. The method of any of paragraphs H1-H4, wherein the first mask and the second mask are geometrically identical.H6. The method of any of paragraphs H1-H5, wherein the sample is affixed to the sample and aligned within a closed environment.H6.1. The method of paragraph H6, wherein the closed environment has an inert gas atmosphere.H6.2. The method of any of paragraphs H6-H6.1, wherein the closed environment has a reduced pressureH6.3. The method of any of paragraphs H6-H6.2, wherein the closed environment has a vacuum pressure level.H7. The method of any of paragraphs H1-H6.3, further comprising transferring the sample holder and the aligned sample from a preparation station to a BIB system.H7.1. The method of paragraph H7, wherein the BIB system is a BIB system of any of A1-A8, D1-D2, and/or F1-F2.H7.2. The method of any of paragraphs H7-H7.1, wherein the preparation station is a closed environment of paragraphs H6-H6.3.H7.3. The method of any of paragraphs H7-H7.2, wherein transferring the sample comprises loading the sample into a transfer device configured to interface with both the sample preparation area and the BIB system.H7.3.1. The method of paragraph H7.3, wherein the transfer device is a sealed compartment for holding the sample holder such that it is sealed from the environment.H7.3.1.1. The method of paragraph H7.3.1, the sealed compartment having an inert gas.H7.3.2. The method of any of paragraphs H7.3-H7.3.1.1, wherein the transfer device is a storage cassette of paragraph E1.H8. The method of any of paragraphs H1-H7.3.2, further comprising repeating the method for multiple samples on corresponding sample holders.H9. The method of any of paragraphs H1-H8, wherein further comprises processing the sample using the methods of any of paragraphs C1-C6 and/or G1-G6.4.2.I1. Use of the systems of any of paragraphs A1-A8, D1-D2, E1, and/or F1-F2 to perform the method of any of paragraphs C1-C6, G1-G6.4.2, and/or H1-H9.J1. Non-transitory computer readable media storing instructions that, when executed on a processor, cause the processor to initiate the performance of the method of any of paragraphs C1-C6, G1-G6.4.2, and/or H1-H9.