Patent ID: 12237776

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following describes embodiments of this application with reference to accompanying drawings. It is clear that the described embodiments are merely a part rather than all of embodiments of this application. Persons of ordinary skill in the art may learn that, with development of technologies and emergence of new scenarios, technical solutions provided in embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

In the specification, claims, and the accompanying drawings of this application, terms “first”, “second”, and the like are intended to distinguish between similar objects but do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that data termed in such a way is interchangeable in proper circumstances, so that embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than the order illustrated or described herein. Moreover, the terms “include”, “comprise” and any other variants mean to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a list of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those expressly listed steps or units, but may include other steps or units that are not expressly listed or inherent to the process, method, product, or device.

Embodiments of this application provide a converter and a power adapter, to reduce an energy loss of the power adapter. The following separately provides detailed descriptions.

With development of technologies, various types of electronics emerge continuously, and permeate every aspect of people's life. When being used, the electronics either need to be connected to mains or need to be pre-charged. Because voltages of many electronics do not match the mains, such terminal devices can be connected, only by using the power adapter, to the mains for charging.

As shown inFIG.1, one terminal of a power adapter is connected to a power grid, and the other terminal is connected to a load. The power grid is usually a power supply network of mains used by residents, and the load may be various types of terminal devices, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an electronic wearable device, electronic glasses, an electric toothbrush, a vacuum cleaner, and an electric bicycle.

A scenario in which the power adapter charges the load may be understood with reference to a scenario in which a mobile phone is charged inFIG.2. As shown inFIG.2, one terminal of the power adapter is connected to the power grid by using a socket, and the other terminal of the power adapter is connected to the mobile phone. In this way, a charging circuit from the power grid to the mobile phone can be conducted, to implement a process of charging the mobile phone.

The power adapter shown inFIG.2is only a possible form. Actually, there may be a plurality of types of power adapters, different types of terminal devices may have different power adapters, and a same type of terminal device may also have different power adapters. This is not limited in this application.

The following describes an internal structure of the power adapter.FIG.3is a schematic diagram of a structure of a possible power adapter. As shown inFIG.3, the power adapter includes an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit101, a converter102, and a filter circuit103. The filter circuit103is separately connected to the converter102and the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit101. The alternating current-direct current conversion circuit101is configured to convert an alternating current in a power grid into a direct current, and the converter102is configured to supply a direct current voltage to a load. The filter circuit103is configured to filter out noise in the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit101and the converter102.

The alternating current-direct current conversion circuit and the filter circuit are not further described in this application. The following describes, with reference toFIG.4, the converter provided in an embodiment of this application.

FIG.4is a schematic diagram of a structure of a converter according to this embodiment of this application. As shown inFIG.4, the converter includes a direct current power supply1021, a main power transistor1022, an auxiliary power transistor1023, a first capacitor1024, a transformer1025, and a control circuit1026. The first capacitor1024and the transformer1025are connected in series to form a series circuit, the series circuit is connected to a first terminal10231and a second terminal10232of the auxiliary power transistor1023in parallel, a first terminal10221of the main power transistor1022is connected to the second terminal10232of the auxiliary power transistor1023, a second terminal10222of the main power transistor is connected to one of a positive electrode or a negative electrode of the direct current power supply1021, the first terminal10231of the auxiliary power transistor1023is connected to the other electrode of the direct current power supply1021, and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply1021is grounded.

The control circuit1026is configured to: when the main power transistor1022is in a cutoff state and a target voltage reaches a target valley voltage, control the main power transistor to be conducted. The target voltage is a voltage between the first terminal of the main power transistor and the ground, and the target valley voltage is a voltage of at least one waveform valley in the target voltage when the converter operates.

It should be noted that when the converter operates, the target voltage is in a form of a wave. In other words, the target valley voltage is a voltage of at least one waveform valley in an operating waveform of the target voltage.

The direct current power supply is configured to supply a direct current voltage to another electronic component in the converter. The main power transistor and the auxiliary power transistor each are a switching transistor, for example, may be a metal-oxide-semiconductor (metal oxide semiconductor, MOS) field-effect transistor. The first capacitor may be used to prevent a path including the direct current power supply, the main power transistor, the first capacitor, and the transformer from being short-circuited when the main power transistor is conducted. The first terminal of the auxiliary power transistor and the first terminal of the main power transistor each may be a source (source, S) or a drain (drain, D). If the first terminal is a source, the second terminal is a drain, and if the first terminal is a drain, the second terminal is a source. The direct current power supply includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode is similar to a positive electrode of a power supply, and the negative electrode is similar to a negative electrode of the power supply. If one electrode is a positive electrode, the other electrode is a negative electrode; or if one electrode is a negative electrode, the other electrode is a positive electrode. In this converter, a source of the main power transistor may be connected to the negative electrode, or a source of the auxiliary power transistor may be connected to the negative electrode. A function of the first capacitor is to resonate with an inductor in the transformer and parasitic capacitors of the main power transistor and the auxiliary power transistor after the auxiliary power transistor is cut off.

In this application, in an operating process of the converter, the main power transistor and the auxiliary power transistor are not simultaneously conducted, but may be simultaneously cut off. There is a different path in the converter when each the main power transistor and the auxiliary power transistor is conducted, to control voltage output of the transformer. The voltage between the first terminal of the main power transistor and the ground is referred to as a “target voltage” in this application, and the target voltage changes with time. The operating waveform of the target voltage is a waveform including a voltage that changes with an operating time sequence of the converter, and the operating time sequence of the converter is a time sequence existing after the converter starts to operate. The target voltage changes continuously with operating time of the converter, and forms a waveform. The waveform includes a waveform valley. In this application, a voltage of the waveform valley in the waveform of the target voltage is referred to as a “valley voltage”, and the “target valley voltage” in this application may be each of valley voltages in the waveform, or may be one or more of the valley voltages in the waveform. A plurality of valley voltages include two or more valley voltages.

The operating time sequence of the converter and the operating waveform of the target voltage may be understood with reference to a diagram of a time sequence shown inFIG.5. As shown inFIG.5, in the operating time sequence, the main power transistor and the auxiliary power transistor are in a conducted state or a cutoff state in different time periods. Whether the main power transistor and the auxiliary power transistor are conducted or cut off may affect the target voltage, and the waveform of the target voltage changes accordingly. The waveform of the target voltage includes a waveform valley, and a valley bottom of the waveform of the target voltage shown inFIG.5is the waveform valley.

In this application, because a conduction voltage of the main power transistor is directly proportional to an energy loss of the main power transistor, when the target voltage is the target valley voltage, the main power transistor is conducted, so that the main power transistor operates. In this case, the main power transistor has a smallest energy loss. It can be learned that the converter provided in this application can be used to reduce the energy loss of the main power transistor, to reduce an energy loss of each of the converter and a power adapter.

The control circuit inFIG.4may be directly connected to the first terminal of the main power transistor and grounded, to measure the target voltage. Alternatively, the control circuit may detect the target voltage indirectly. For example, the target voltage may alternatively be detected by using the transformer. Regardless of a manner of detecting the target voltage, the control circuit in this application may determine, based on a preset policy, whether the target voltage reaches the target valley voltage. If the target voltage reaches the target valley voltage, the main power transistor is controlled to be conducted. There may also be a plurality of preset policies, provided that it can be determined that the target voltage reaches the target valley voltage. A specific determining manner is not limited. For example, in a determining manner, the target voltage is equal to a preset valley voltage. Alternatively, whether the target voltage reaches the target valley voltage is determined by using some mathematical algorithms to calculate whether the target voltage is in the waveform valley of the waveform. In this possible implementation, a speed of detecting whether the target voltage reaches the target valley voltage can be increased, to flexibly control conduction of the main power transistor.

In the foregoing described content, the control circuit may control the main power transistor to be conducted or cut off. In this application, the control circuit may further control the auxiliary power transistor to be conducted or cut off. The control circuit may determine a comparison result between the target voltage and a preset voltage threshold, and adjust conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor based on the comparison result. The preset voltage threshold may be an empirical value obtained based on a plurality of experimental results. In the converter, a preset voltage threshold used when the source of the main power transistor is connected to the negative electrode of the direct current power supply is different from a preset voltage threshold used when the source of the auxiliary power transistor is connected to the negative electrode of the direct current power supply. The comparison result between the target voltage and the preset voltage threshold may be that the target voltage is greater than the preset voltage threshold or that the target voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold. Adjusting the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor may be lengthening the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor, or may be shortening the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor. The conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor is adjusted, to change a magnitude of an excitation current in the transformer. The exciting current affects the target voltage of the main power transistor, to reduce the valley voltage in the waveform of the target voltage, so that the main power transistor can be conducted at a lower voltage, to further reduce the energy loss of the main power transistor.

Because there may be two connection relationships among the main power transistor, the auxiliary power transistor, and the direct current power supply, when the control circuit adjusts the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor, there are different execution processes for different connection relationships. With reference to diagrams of circuits, the following separately describes the two different connection relationships and execution processes of the control circuit in cases of different connection relationships.

1. The first terminal of the main power transistor and the first terminal of the auxiliary power transistor each are a drain, and the second terminal of the main power transistor and the second terminal of the auxiliary power transistor each are a source. A drain of the main power transistor is connected to the source of the auxiliary power transistor, the source of the main power transistor is connected to the negative electrode, and a drain of the auxiliary power transistor is connected to the positive electrode.

A diagram of a circuit with such a connection relationship may be understood with reference toFIG.6. As shown inFIG.6, Q1is the main power transistor, Q2is the auxiliary power transistor, C1is the first capacitor, Vinis output voltage of the direct current power supply, “+” is the positive electrode, “−” is the negative electrode, and Vdsswis the target voltage. Although not shown inFIG.6, actually, the control circuit may be connected to the source and a gate electrode of the main power transistor, to control the main power transistor to be conducted or cut offFIG.6further shows the transformer and a rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit is connected to a secondary side of the transformer, and the rectifier circuit is configured to rectify a current output by the transformer.

InFIG.6, a series circuit including the transformer and the first capacitor C1is connected to the source and the drain of the auxiliary power transistor Q2in parallel, the drain of the auxiliary power transistor Q2is connected to the positive electrode, the source of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the negative electrode, and the drain of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the source of the auxiliary power transistor Q2. The transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding, a dotted terminal of the primary-side winding is connected to the first capacitor C1, and a dotted terminal of the secondary-side winding is grounded.

In the connection relationship shown inFIG.6, the control circuit determines the comparison result between the target voltage and the preset voltage threshold; and lengthens next conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor based on current conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor when the comparison result indicates that the target voltage is greater than the preset voltage threshold; or shortens next conduction duration of next auxiliary power transistor based on current conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor when the comparison result indicates that the target voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold.

If the preset voltage threshold is represented by Vth, the comparison result may be Vdssw>Vth, or Vdssw<Vth. In such a connection structure, the preset voltage threshold is usually 0. This process may be understood with reference toFIG.7. As shown inFIG.7, the process may include the following steps.

201: The control circuit detects the target voltage.

202: The control circuit determines whether Vdssw>Vth.

The control circuit may compare magnitudes of voltages in this application by using a comparator.

203: If Vdssw>Vth, the control circuit controls next conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor Q2to be obtained by adding t0to current conduction duration T_Q2of the auxiliary power transistor Q2.

In other words, if Vdssw>Vth, T_Q2=T_Q2+t0.

If Vdssw>Vth, it indicates that the target voltage needs to be further reduced. In this case, the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor needs to be lengthened, to further increase an excitation current in a negative direction in the transformer, so that the target voltage is reduced accordingly.

That the excitation current and the target voltage are changed by adding t0may be understood with reference toFIG.8.

FIG.8is a diagram of a time sequence that is of several parameters of a converter and that exists when t0is added. After t0is added as shown by a marked part402inFIG.8, it can be learned from a comparison between a marked part401and a marked part403that, after t0is added, an excitation current iLmincreases in the negative direction, and an amplitude at which the target voltage Vdsswis reduced also increases. In this way, the main power transistor can be conducted at a lower voltage, to further reduce the energy loss of the main power transistor.

204: If Vdssw≤Vth, the control circuit controls the next conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor Q2to be obtained by subtracting t0from the current conduction duration T_Q2of the auxiliary power transistor Q2.

In other words, if Vdssw<Vth, T_Q2=T_Q2−t0.

If Vdssw<Vth, it indicates that the target voltage needs to be increased. In other words, the excitation current in a negative direction in the transformer needs to be reduced, so that the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor is shortened, to increase the target voltage.

That the excitation current and the target voltage are changed by subtracting t0may be understood with reference toFIG.9.

FIG.9is a diagram of a time sequence that is of several parameters of a converter and that exists when t0is subtracted. After t0is subtracted as shown by a marked part502inFIG.9, it can be learned from a comparison between a marked part501and a marked part503that, when t0is subtracted, an amplitude at which the excitation current iLmincreases in the negative direction decreases, and an amplitude at which the target voltage Vdsswis reduced also decreases.

In this way, regardless of a specific comparison result, the target voltage can be close to the preset voltage threshold as much as possible through corresponding adjustment, so that the target voltage reaches the valley voltage as early as possible. In this way, the main power transistor can be conducted at a lower voltage, to further reduce the energy loss of the main power transistor.

2. The first terminal of the main power transistor and the first terminal of the auxiliary power transistor each are a source, and the second terminal of the main power transistor and the second terminal of the auxiliary power transistor each are a drain. The source of the main power transistor is connected to a drain of the auxiliary power transistor, the source of the auxiliary power transistor is connected to the negative electrode of the direct current power supply, and a drain of the main power transistor is connected to the positive electrode of the direct current power supply.

A diagram of a circuit with such a connection relationship may be understood with reference toFIG.10. As shown inFIG.10, Q1is the main power transistor, Q2is the auxiliary power transistor, C1is the first capacitor, Vinis output voltage of the direct current power supply, “+” is the positive electrode, “−” is the negative electrode, and Vdsswis the target voltage. Although not shown inFIG.10, actually, the control circuit may be connected to the source and a gate electrode of the main power transistor, to control the main power transistor to be conducted or cut off.FIG.10further shows the transformer and a rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit is connected to a secondary side of the transformer, and the rectifier circuit is configured to rectify a current output by the transformer.

InFIG.10, a series circuit including the transformer and the first capacitor C1is connected to a source and a drain of the auxiliary power transistor Q2in parallel, the source of the auxiliary power transistor Q2is connected to the positive electrode, the drain of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the negative electrode, and the source of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the drain of the auxiliary power transistor Q2. The transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding, a dotted terminal of the primary-side winding is connected to the first capacitor C1, and a dotted terminal of the secondary-side winding is grounded.

In the connection relationship shown inFIG.10, the control circuit determines the comparison result between the target voltage and the preset voltage threshold; and shortens next conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor based on current conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor when the comparison result indicates that the target voltage is greater than the preset voltage threshold; or lengthens next conduction duration of next auxiliary power transistor based on current conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor when the comparison result indicates that the target voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold.

If the preset voltage threshold is represented by Vth, the comparison result may be Vdssw>Vth, or Vdssw<Vth. In such a connection structure, the preset voltage threshold is usually a voltage Vinbetween two terminals of the direct current power supply. This process may be understood with reference toFIG.11. As shown inFIG.11, the process may include the following steps.

301: The control circuit detects the target voltage.

302: The control circuit determines whether Vdssw<Vth.

303: If Vdssw<Vth, the control circuit controls next conduction duration of auxiliary power transistor Q2to be obtained by adding t0to current conduction duration T_Q2of the auxiliary power transistor Q2.

In other words, if Vdssw<Vth, T_Q2=T_Q2+t0.

If Vdssw<Vth, it indicates that the target voltage needs to be increased. In this case, an excitation current in a negative direction needs to be increased, so that the target voltage increases accordingly. The exciting current can be increased only by lengthening the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor. Therefore, when Vdssw<Vth, the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor needs to be lengthened.

304: If Vdssw≥Vth, the control circuit controls next conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor Q2to be obtained by subtracting t0from current conduction duration T_Q2of the auxiliary power transistor Q2.

In other words, if Vdssw>Vth, T_Q2=T_Q2−t0.

If Vdssw>Vth, it indicates that the target voltage needs to be reduced. In this case, the excitation current in the negative direction needs to be reduced, so that the target voltage is reduced accordingly. A magnitude of the excitation current can be reduced only by shortening the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor. Therefore, when Vdssw>Vth, the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor needs to be shortened.

In this way, regardless of a specific comparison result, the target voltage can be close to the preset voltage threshold as much as possible through corresponding adjustment, so that the target voltage reaches the valley voltage as early as possible. In this way, the main power transistor can be conducted at a lower voltage, to further reduce the energy loss of the main power transistor.

The control circuit may repeatedly perform the processes inFIG.7andFIG.11based on an adaptive policy. In other words, the control circuit repeatedly adjusts the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor based on the adaptive policy, and adjusts the target voltage to the preset voltage threshold when the target voltage reaches a first valley voltage in the operating waveform of the target voltage.

In this application, Vdsswmay be adjusted by repeatedly adjusting the conduction duration of the auxiliary power transistor, so that Vdsswis gradually close to Vth. At the first valley voltage, Vdssw=Vth, and a subsequent valley voltage is reduced accordingly. In this way, it can be ensured that when the target voltage reaches the subsequent valley voltage, the main power transistor can be conducted at a lower voltage, to further reduce the energy loss of the main power transistor.

In addition, in this application, the control circuit is further configured to: detect the excitation current in the transformer when the excitation current in the transformer is discontinuous and the auxiliary power transistor is conducted; and when the excitation current is equal to 0, control the auxiliary power transistor to be cut off. When the excitation current is equal to 0, the auxiliary power transistor is cut off, to reduce oscillation of the target voltage, so that noise in the converter can be reduced.

In this application, the target valley voltage is a valley voltage in the operating waveform of the target voltage other than the first valley voltage. If the excitation current in the transformer is discontinuous when the target voltage reaches the first valley voltage, the control circuit maintains the main power transistor in the cutoff state. In other words, if the excitation current in the transformer is discontinuous when the target voltage reaches the first valley voltage, it indicates that a requirement of a load for the current is reduced, and the main power transistor cannot be conducted currently. If the main power transistor is conducted, the transformer continuously outputs the current, which is not conducive to protection for the load.

In this application, in the operating time sequence of the converter, an operating waveform of the excitation current in the transformer includes at least one of a continuous waveform or a discontinuous waveform. As shown in a diagram of a time sequence inFIG.12, in this application, a time period in which the main power transistor is conducted once and the auxiliary power transistor is conducted once is one period, the continuous waveform may include j periods, the discontinuous waveform may include k periods, the continuous waveform including the j periods may be continuous, the discontinuous waveform including the k periods may be continuous, and at least one of j and k is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In this application, a valley voltage counting manner is not to perform continuous counting in an entire operating sequence of the converter, but to perform recounting in each period. In addition, both tD1and tD2in the figure mark dead time periods. The dead time period is a time period in which neither the main power transistor nor the auxiliary power transistor is conducted. A difference is that tD1represents a dead time period in which the main power transistor is cut off and the auxiliary power transistor is not conducted, and tD2indicates a dead time period from a time point at which the auxiliary power transistor is cut off to a time point at which the main power transistor is conducted. If the operating waveform of the excitation current is a continuous waveform when the target voltage reaches the first valley voltage, the control circuit controls, when the target voltage reaches the first valley voltage, the main power transistor to be conducted. As shown inFIG.12, if the operating waveform of the excitation current is a continuous waveform when the target voltage reaches the first valley voltage, the control circuit may control Q1to be conducted, and if the operating waveform of the excitation current is a discontinuous waveform when the target voltage reaches the first valley voltage, the control circuit controls, when the target voltage reaches an mthvalley voltage, the main power transistor to be conducted, where m is an integer greater than 1. In other words, if the operating waveform of the excitation current is a discontinuous waveform when the target voltage reaches the first valley voltage, Q1is controlled to be conducted at the second valley voltage and a subsequent valley voltage.

In this application, as shown inFIG.13, the control circuit includes a detection circuit10261, a power transistor control circuit10262, a first drive circuit10263, and a second drive circuit10264. The power transistor control circuit10262is separately connected to the detection circuit10261, the first drive circuit10263, and the second drive circuit10264. The first drive circuit10263is connected to the main power transistor1022. The second drive circuit10264is connected to the auxiliary power transistor1023. The detection circuit10261is configured to detect the target voltage. The power transistor control circuit10262is configured to send a drive signal for the first drive circuit or the second drive circuit based on a detection result of the detection circuit. The first drive circuit10263is configured to drive, based on the drive signal, the main power transistor1022to be conducted or cut off; and the second drive circuit10264is configured to drive, based on the drive signal, the auxiliary power transistor1023to be conducted or cut off.

The diagrams of circuits shown inFIG.6andFIG.10may further include a second capacitor, and two terminals of the second capacitor are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply.

The circuits shown inFIG.6andFIG.10may be applied to an asymmetrical half-bridge flyback topology.

In addition to the asymmetrical half-bridge flyback topology inFIG.6orFIG.10, an asymmetrical half-bridge forward topology inFIG.14andFIG.15may be applied to the converter in the foregoing solution provided in this application.

InFIG.14, a second capacitor C2is clearly marked. In addition, a difference betweenFIG.14andFIG.6is that the transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding, a dotted terminal of the primary-side winding is connected to the first capacitor C1, and a dotted terminal of the secondary-side winding is connected to a synchronous rectifier SR in a rectifier circuit. Other parts may be understood with reference to content inFIG.6.

InFIG.15, the second capacitor C2is clearly marked. In addition, a difference betweenFIG.15andFIG.10is that the transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding, a dotted terminal of the primary-side winding is connected to the first capacitor C1, and a dotted terminal of the secondary-side winding is connected to a secondary-side synchronous rectifier.

An active clamp flyback topology shown inFIG.16andFIG.17may also be used for the converter in the foregoing solution provided in this application. As shown inFIG.16, a structure shown inFIG.16is slightly different from the structure shown inFIG.6. The series circuit formed after the auxiliary power transistor Q2and the first capacitor C1are connected in series is connected to the transformer in parallel, connection terminals of the first capacitor C1and the transformer are connected to the positive electrode, the source of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the negative electrode, and the drain of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the source of the auxiliary power transistor Q2. The transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding, a dotted terminal of the primary-side winding is connected to the positive electrode, and a dotted terminal of the secondary-side winding is grounded.FIG.16further shows a rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit is connected to a secondary side of the transformer, and the rectifier circuit is configured to rectify a current output by the transformer.

InFIG.17, the series circuit formed after the auxiliary power transistor Q2and the first capacitor C1are connected in series is connected to the transformer in parallel, connection terminals of the first capacitor C1and the transformer are connected to the negative electrode, the drain of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the positive electrode, and the source of the main power transistor Q1is connected to the drain of the auxiliary power transistor Q2. The transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding, and a dotted terminal of the primary-side winding is connected to the positive electrode. Alternatively, the transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding, a dotted terminal of the primary-side winding is connected to the drain of the auxiliary power transistor Q2, and a dotted terminal of the secondary-side winding is grounded.FIG.17further shows a rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit is connected to the secondary side of the transformer, and the rectifier circuit is configured to rectify a current output by the transformer.

In this application, in addition to being applied to the power adapter, the converter provided in the foregoing embodiment may be applied to another product, for example, a vehicle-mounted power supply, a base station power supply, or another product related to direct current-direct current switching control.

The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of embodiments of this application, but the protection scope of embodiments of this application is not limited thereto.