Patent ID: 12193948

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. Although the drawings represent embodiments of the invention, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be exaggerated in order to better illustrate and explain the principles of the present invention. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate several embodiments of the invention, but the exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure relates to expandable and/or dynamic interbody (between adjacent vertebrae), intravertebral-body (inside the vertebrae) and/or spinal stabilization devices that may or may not be used as interbody fusion cages or devices, interbody/intravertebral bodies/body stabilization devices and/or the like (collectively hereinafter, spinal device(s)) for providing support, stabilization and/or promoting bone growth between or inside vertebrae that have been destabilized or otherwise due to injury, illness and/or the like. Particularly, the present disclosure provides various versions of dynamic (expandable and/or expandable and retractable) interbody/intravertebral body devices that are usable in a spinal column of a human.

As representative of each one of the various versions of the present invention,FIG.1illustrates a representative dynamic spinal body device or expandable implant10. The implant10is depicted as implanted or inserted into a human spine13of which only a lower portion of the spine13is shown. The implant10is illustrated implanted between adjacent upper and lower vertebrae15,17of the spine13inFIG.1(hence interbody or intervertebral). Vertebrae15and17have portions that face anteriorly (“A”, and from the right as viewed inFIG.1) and portions that face posteriorly (“P”, and from the left as viewed inFIG.1).

According to various exemplary embodiments, the components of implant10may be made of any suitable material(s), including a variety of metals, plastics, composites, or other suitable bio-compatible materials. In some embodiments, one or more components of implant10may be made of the same material, while in other embodiments, different materials may be used for different components of implant10.

Referring now toFIGS.2-15, expandable implant10is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant10is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant10may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant10includes a first, or front portion12(e.g., a first wedge member), a second, or rear portion14(e.g., a second wedge member), and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion16, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis11of implant10. A first, or upper support18(e.g., an upper plate, support member, assembly, etc.) and a second, lower support20(e.g., a lower plate, support member, assembly), are coupled to the body assembly and extend generally between front and rear portions12,14. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports18,20define a height of implant10extending between outer or top surface48of first support18and outer or lower surface76of second support20.

In one embodiment, front portion12includes a rounded, or bull nose portion intended to facilitate insertion of implant10into a patient. Front portion12also includes ramped surfaces26,28and projections30,32that facilitate controlled sliding movement between front portion12and first and second supports18,20. An aperture34may be threaded to receive control member16to provide an adjustable control mechanism for implant10.

Referring toFIG.14, ramped surface26extends at an angle relative to axis11, and projection30extends upward relative to ramped surface26. Ramped surface26is a generally flat surface configured to engage a correspondingly ramped surface (surface54) on first support18. Projection30extends laterally across front portion12. In some embodiments, projection30may have a dovetail shape, while in other embodiments, projection30may take other shapes, including having an undercut portion, etc. The dovetail shape provides a relatively larger top portion and an undercut lower portion such that front portion12and first support18can slide relative to one another, but the parts cannot be separated, for example, by merely lifting first support18away from front portion12(e.g., in an upward direction generally perpendicular to axis11).

Ramped surface28and projection32share similar features to ramped surface26and projection30, except that ramped surface28and projection32interface with corresponding surfaces on second support20, rather than first support18. It should be noted that ramped surfaces26,28may be inclined relative to axis11to provide any desirable adjustment features, as changing the incline of the ramped surfaces will change the rate at which the first and second support members move up/down.

Referring further toFIG.14, according to an exemplary embodiment, rear portion14includes ramped surfaces36,38, projections40,42, an aperture, or through-hole44, and a counterbore46. Rear portion14may define a generally flat rearward-most surface being generally rectangular in shape. In other embodiments, the shape of rear portion14may be varied to suit a particular application.

Ramped surface36extends at an angle relative to axis11, and projection40extends upward relative to ramped surface36. Ramped surface36is a generally flat surface configured to engage a correspondingly ramped surface (surface56) on first support18. Projection40extends laterally across rear portion14. In some embodiments, projection40may have a dovetail shape (see, e.g.,FIG.15), while in other embodiments, projection40may take other shapes, including having an undercut portion etc. The dovetail shape provides a relatively larger top portion and an undercut lower portion such that rear portion14and first support18can slide relative to one another, but the parts cannot be separated, for example, by merely lifting first support18away from rear portion14(e.g., in an upward direction generally perpendicular to axis11).

Ramped surface38and projection42share similar features to ramped surface36and projection40, except that ramped surface38and projection42interface with corresponding surfaces on second support20, rather than first support18. It should be noted that ramped surfaces36,38may be inclined relative to axis11to provide any desirable adjustment features, as changing the incline of the ramped surfaces will change the rate at which the first and second support members move up/down.

According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports18,20are configured to be moveable relative to the body or control assembly (e.g., front and rear portions12,14and control portion16) such that implant10is reconfigurable between a first configuration (e.g., a retracted, collapsed, or minimal configuration), as shown inFIGS.2-7, and a second configuration (e.g., an expanded or maximum configuration), as shown inFIGS.8-13and any intermediate position therebetween. Control member16is rotatable and threadingly received by front portion12such that rotation of control member16in a first (e.g., clockwise) direction causes front and rear portions12,14to move toward each other, thereby causing first and second supports18,20to move outward toward the expanded configuration. Conversely, rotation of control member16in a second (e.g., counter-clockwise) direction causes front and rear portions12,14to move away from each other, thereby causing first and second supports18,20to move inward toward the collapsed configuration. It should be noted that in use, control member16may be adjusted so as to maintain first and second supports18,20in a fully collapsed configuration, a fully expanded configuration, or any desired configuration or intermediate position therebetween.

First and second supports18,20and front and rear portions12,14have corresponding geometric features (e.g., correspondingly ramped surfaces) such that displacement of front portion12relative to rear portion14along axis11causes relative planar and/or linear displacement of first and second supports18,20. As discussed above, the geometric features of the various components may be varied to provide for varying adjustment features for first and second supports18,20.

In one embodiment, first and second supports18,20are generally similar in structure. Referring toFIG.14, first support18includes outer, or top surface48, ramped surfaces54,56, channels58,59, and two pairs of opposing projections—projections60,62, and projections64,66. First support18further includes sidewalls68,70, pin or retaining member apertures72, and inner, or bottom surface74. Top surface48includes a number of ridges, or projections50, intended to provide a gripping surface for adjacent vertebrae, and a bone graft cavity, or window52intended to provide a space to receive bone graft material.

In use, control member16extends through through-hole44in rear portion14and into front portion12. Head portion106of control member16seats in counterbore46of rear portion14, and threaded portion104threadingly engages aperture34of front portion12. Head portion106may include an annular recess108configured such that a collar24can be positioned (e.g., press-fit, welded, etc.) into counterbore46rearward of head portion106to retain control member16in place. As a user rotates control member16, front portion12and rear portion14move toward/away from each other (depending on the direction of rotation), and first and second supports18,20in turn move away from/toward each other.

As shown inFIG.14, opposing projections60,62on first support18form a recess, or channel58. In one embodiment, channel58has a dovetail shape corresponding in shape to projection30on front portion12. Likewise, projections64,66in first support18form channel59having a dovetail shape similar in shape to projection40on rear portion14. Projections30,40slide within channels58,59as first support18moves up/down. Retaining members or pins22extend through first and second supports18,20and act to limit the range of movement of first and second supports18,20relative to front and rear portions12,14, and prevent first and second supports18,20from being completely removed from front and rear portions12,14.

Second support20is similar to first support18and includes outer, or bottom surface76, ramped surfaces82,84, channels86,87, and two pairs of opposing projections—projections88,90, and projections92,94. Second support20further includes sidewalls96,98, pin or retaining member apertures80, and inner, or top surface102. Bottom surface76includes a number of ridges, or projections78, intended to provide a gripping surface for adjacent vertebrae, and a bone graft cavity, or window80intended to provide a space to receive bone graft material. In one embodiment, the components of second support20are similar in structure and function to the corresponding components of first support18. In other embodiments, the components of second support20may provide additional and/or different structural and/or functional features relative to the corresponding components of first support18.

It should be noted that implant10may share various features with the other implants described herein, and be made of the same, similar, or different materials. For example, various components of implant10may be made of metal, plastic, composites, or other suitable bio-compatible materials. Further, implant10may be usable in connection with the spine or other parts of the body.

Referring now toFIGS.16-30, an expandable implant110is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant110is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant110may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant110is generally similar to implant10in structure and function except with respect to the additional alignment features discussed below.

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant110includes a first, or front portion112, a second, or rear portion114, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion116, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis111of implant110. A first, or upper support118(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support120(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body or control assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions112,114. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports118,120define a height of implant110extending between outer or top surface148of first support118and outer or lower surface176of second support120.

In one embodiment, front portion112includes a rounded, or bull nose portion intended to facilitate insertion of implant110into a patient. Front portion112also includes ramped surfaces and projections (e.g., similar to ramped surfaces26,28and projections30,32) that facilitate controlled sliding movement between front portion112and first and second supports118,120. An aperture may be threaded to receive control member116to provide an adjustable control mechanism for implant110.

As shown inFIGS.20-22, the ramped surfaces extend at an angle relative to axis111, and the projections extend upward/downward relative to the ramped surfaces. The ramped surfaces are generally flat surfaces configured to engage a correspondingly ramped surface on first support118. The projections extend laterally across front portion112. In some embodiments, the projections may have a dovetail shape, while in other embodiments, the projections may take other shapes, including having an undercut portion, etc. The dovetail shape provides a relatively larger top portion and an undercut lower portion such that front portion112and first support118can slide relative to one another, but the parts cannot be separated, for example, by merely lifting first support118away from front portion112(e.g., in an upward direction generally perpendicular to axis111). It should be noted that similar to implant10, implant110includes front and rear, upper and lower ramped surfaces and projections configured to provide the interface between front and rear portions112,114and first and second supports118,120.

As with implant10, according to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports118,120and front and rear portions112,114have corresponding geometric features (e.g., correspondingly ramped surfaces) such that displacement of front portion112relative to rear portion114along axis111causes relative planar and/or linear displacement of first and second supports118,120. As discussed above, the geometric features of the various components may be varied to provide for varying adjustment features for first and second supports118,120.

In use, control member116includes a head portion and a body portion and extends through a through-hole in rear portion114and into front portion112. The head portion of control member116seats in a counterbore of rear portion114, and the threaded portion of the body threadingly engages an aperture of front portion112. The head portion may include an annular recess (similar to head portion106of implant10) configured such that a collar124can be positioned (e.g., press-fit, welded, etc.) into the counterbore rearward of the head portion to retain control member116in place. As a user rotates control member116, front portion112and rear portion114move toward/away from each other (depending on the direction of rotation), and first and second supports118,120in turn move away from/toward each other. While the Figures generally show control member116threadingly engaging front portion112, in other embodiments, other adjustment mechanisms may be used (e.g., ratchet mechanisms, indents/detents, etc.).

Opposing projections160,162on first support118form a recess, or channel158. In one embodiment, channel158has a dovetail shape corresponding in shape to projection130on front portion112. Likewise, projections164,166in first support118form channel159having a dovetail shape similar in shape to projection140on rear portion114. Projections130,140slide within channels158,159as first support118moves up/down. In some embodiments, retaining members or pins (e.g., similar to pins22) extend through first and second supports118,120and act to limit the range of movement of first and second supports118,120relative to front and rear portions112,114, and prevent first and second supports118,120from being completely removed from front and rear portions112,114. Second support120includes similar features such as an outer, or bottom surface, ramped surfaces, channels, and two pairs of opposing projections.

In addition to including various features of implant10, implant110further includes an alignment feature intended to maintain alignment between first and second supports118,120during use. In one embodiment, second support120includes one or more alignment members150,152(e.g., extensions, projections, etc.) that extend generally upward as shown inFIG.19(e.g., in a direction generally perpendicular to axis111). Members150,152are received in recesses154,156(e.g., channels, grooves, slots, etc.), respectively, formed in first support118. Members150,152and recesses154,156have corresponding geometric features to ensure a snug fit between components. For example, as shown inFIG.16, members150,152are generally U-shaped in cross-section, and recesses154,156are shaped to receive the U-shaped members. The alignment features prevent relative “rocking” of the supports, and in some embodiments serve to maintain a generally parallel relationship between the supports. In some embodiments, spaces or gaps may be provided between members150,152and recesses154,156to enable a predetermined amount of angular offset between the supports.

In one embodiment members150,152are formed so as to be generally flush with the exterior surface of first support118(e.g., along a side or top surface). In other embodiments, members150may be recessed from, or alternatively protrude beyond, the exterior surface of first support118. Further, whileFIGS.16-30show two alignment members150,152in various alternative embodiments, fewer or more alignment members and/or recesses may be utilized (e.g., 1, 3, 4, etc.). Further yet, members150,152may be integrally formed with, or removably coupled to, a remainder portion of second support120. In further embodiments, the relative positions of alignment members150,152and recesses154,156are reversed (e.g., such that members150,152are provided on first support118and recesses154,156are provided on second support120). Other variations in the size, number, and placement of members150,152and recesses154,156may be made according to various embodiments.

It should be noted that implant110may share various features with the other implants described herein, and be made of the same, similar, or different materials. For example, various components of implant110may be made of metal, plastic, composites, or other suitable bio-compatible materials. Further, implant110may be usable in connection with the spine or other parts of the body. Further yet, pins similar to pins22may be used in conjunction with implant110or any of the other implants shown and described herein.

In various embodiments, the implants shown inFIGS.1-15and16-30share various common features. For example, the control member or screw (e.g.,16,116) is contained within the device, such that neither end of the control member or screw protrudes past the end members. For example, as shown inFIG.14, control member16may be received by or through rear portion14in a counterbore and held captive by collar or ring24, such that control member16is free to rotate within rear portion14, but does not threadingly engage rear portion14. As such, rear portion14remains fixed relative to control member16as control member16is rotated. Control member16threadingly engages a threaded aperture34defined by a boss extending rearward from front portion12, such that as control member16rotates, front portion12moves relative to control member16(e.g., control member16moves into or out of the threaded boss of front portion12). As such, control member16is contained entirely within the periphery of front and rear portions12,14. The control member16may in some embodiments be configured to be flush with the outer sides of front and rear portions12,14. In other embodiments, the control member16is recessed within front and/or rear portions12,14. For example, as shown inFIG.14, front portion12has a solid, bull-nose configuration such that control member16is concealed therein. In various embodiments, the implants include grooves that may help secure the implant in the body of a patient, by providing spaces for structures in the body of a patient to engage the grooves.

Referring now toFIGS.31-38, an implant210is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant210is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant210may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant210is generally similar to implants10and110in structure and function except with respect to the additional access port features discussed below. As such, implant210is understood to include any or all of the features of implants10and110to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant210described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, etc.).

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant210includes a first, or front portion212, a second, or rear portion214, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion216, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant210. A first, or upper support218(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support220(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions212,214. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports218,220define a height of implant210extending between the outer or top surface of first support218and the outer or lower surface of second support220.

In one embodiment, control member216includes a head portion230, a collar recess232, a threaded portion234, a tool recess236, and access ports238. Threaded portion234and the non-threaded portion of control member216including access ports238collectively form a body portion for control member216. Head portion230is received within a counterbore in rear portion214. Collar recess232is configured to enable placement of collar224into a position to retain head portion230within the counterbore in rear portion214. Threaded portion234is configured to threadingly engage a threaded aperture provided by front portion212. Tool recess236is formed in the rearward portion of head portion230and communicates with access ports238, which extend to opposite sides of control member216. Tool recess236is configured to receive a tool to enable threading manipulation of control member216. Tool recess236and access ports238are collectively configured to provide a fluid path to an interior of implant210and enable delivery of fluid, bone growth material, or other material to an interior of implant210.

As shown inFIGS.35-38, in one embodiment, two access ports238are in communication with tool recess236and extend to opposite sides of control member216. In other embodiments, more or fewer access ports238may be utilized, and the size and shape of the individual access ports238may be varied to suit a particular application, size of implant, and the like. Access ports238are positioned to provide fluid communication with an interior area of implant210.

Referring toFIGS.39-46, an implant260is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant260is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant260may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant260is generally similar to implants10,110, and210(and the other implants described herein) in structure and function except with respect to the additional conical projection, side bone graft window, and elongated component features discussed below. As such, implant260is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant260described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant260includes a first, or front portion262, a second, or rear portion264, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion266, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant260. A first, or upper support268(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support270(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions262,264. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports268,270define a height of implant260extending between the outer or top surface of first support268and the outer or lower surface of second support270.

In one embodiment, control member266includes a head portion280, a collar recess282, a threaded portion284, a tool recess286, and access ports288. Head portion280is received within a counterbore in rear portion264. Collar recess282is configured to enable placement of collar274into a position to retain head portion280within the counterbore of rear portion264. Threaded portion284is configured to threadingly engage a threaded aperture provided by front portion262. Tool recess286is formed in the rearward portion of head portion280and communicates with access ports288, which extend to opposite sides of control member266. Tool recess286is configured to receive a tool to enable threading manipulation of control member266. Tool recess286and access ports288are collectively configured to provide a fluid path to an interior of implant260and enable delivery of fluid, bone growth material, or other material to an interior of implant260.

Referring toFIGS.45-46, in one embodiment implant260defines a first side290and a second, opposite side292. First and second sides290,292are generally formed by the sidewalls of top and bottom supports268,270. In one embodiment, one or both of first and second sides290,292include side bone graft apertures or windows. For example, as shown inFIG.45, in some embodiments, first side290includes side apertures294and second side292forms a generally solid sidewall. WhileFIG.45illustrates first side290as including two bone graft apertures294, according to various alternative embodiments, one or both of first side290and second side292may include more or fewer side apertures. In some embodiments, one or both of top and bottom supports268,270may include a projection296(e.g., a conical projection) at one or both ends. Projections296may extend above the other portions of top and bottom supports268,270(e.g., teeth, etc.)

In some embodiments, top and bottom supports268,270have a generally symmetric profile about control member266, as shown for example, inFIG.42. Implant260may further be elongated relative to other implants illustrated herein, having an overall length to overall width ratio (in the collapsed configuration) of 2, 3, 4, or more (or another ratio, such as a range of between 2 and 5, between 2 and 4, etc.).

Referring toFIGS.47-49, an implant310is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant310is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant310may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant310is generally similar to implants260(and the other implants described herein) in structure and function except with respect to the additional asymmetric component features discussed below. As such, implant310is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant310described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant310includes a first, or front portion312, a second, or rear portion314, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion316, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant310. A first, or upper support318(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support320(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions312,314. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports318,320define a height of implant310extending between the outer or top surface of first support318and the outer or lower surface of second support320.

In one embodiment, implant310defines a first side portion330and a second side portion332. In one embodiment, one or both of first and second side portions330,332include side bone graft apertures or windows. For example, as shown inFIG.48, in some embodiments, first side330includes side apertures334. WhileFIG.48illustrates first side330as including two bone graft apertures334, according to various alternative embodiments, one or both of first side330and second side332may include more or fewer side apertures.

In some embodiments, first side portion330and second side portion332provide an asymmetric profile about control member316, as shown for example inFIG.49. In some embodiments, a portion of first side portion330extends away from control member316a further distance than the corresponding portions of second side portion332, forming an asymmetric shape (e.g., a “D” or similar shape). Providing an asymmetric profile may provide benefits in particular applications where additional support is desired and/or when placement of implant310is difficult. WhileFIGS.47-49shown implant310having a general “D” asymmetric shape, according to various alternative embodiments, other asymmetric shapes and configurations may be utilized.

Referring toFIGS.50-53, an implant360is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant360is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant360may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant360is generally similar to implants260and310(and the other implants described herein) in structure and function except with respect to the additional lateral taper features discussed below. As such, implant360is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant360described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant360includes a first, or front portion362, a second, or rear portion364, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion366, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant360. A first, or upper support368(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support370(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body or control assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions362,364. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports368,370define a height of implant360extending between the outer or top surface of first support368and the outer or lower surface of second support370. As discuss in greater detail below, the height of implant360decreases in a lateral direction.

In one embodiment, implant360defines a first side portion380and a second side portion382. In one embodiment, one or both of first and second side portions380,382include side bone graft apertures or windows. For example, as shown inFIG.50, in some embodiments, second side382includes side apertures384. WhileFIG.50illustrates second side382as including two bone graft apertures384, according to various alternative embodiments, one or both of first side380and second side382may include more or fewer side apertures.

In one embodiment, implant360is configured to provide a predetermined lateral taper that remains constant as implant360is moved between a collapsed configuration (seeFIGS.50-51) and an expanded configuration (seeFIGS.52-53). For example, referring toFIG.51, in a collapsed configuration, a first lateral side such as side380may have a first height that is larger than a height of second lateral side382. The degree of taper between the first and second lateral sides380,382may be adjusted to suit a particular embodiment (e.g., a desired spinal curvature). As such, both the top and bottom supports368,370may include outer surfaces (e.g. top and bottom surfaces) that define a lateral angular offset from a parallel configuration (e.g., a configuration where the top and bottom supports368,370are generally parallel).

As shown inFIGS.51and53, top and bottom supports368and370move toward and away from each other in a linear manner, such that the degree of taper remains constant. In other embodiments, other configurations may be utilized to provide non-linear movement and a varying lateral taper. Furthermore, whileFIGS.50-53illustrate an implant having a constant lateral taper, according to various alternative embodiments, implants may be provided having a variable longitudinal taper.

Referring toFIGS.54-65, an implant410is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant410is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant410may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant410is generally similar to implants260and310(and the other implants described herein) in structure and function except with respect to the additional longitudinal taper features discussed below. As such, implant410is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant410described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant410includes a first, or front portion412, a second, or rear portion414, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion416, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant410. In some embodiments, front portion412includes a through hole431configured to enable control member416to extend through front portion412. A first, or upper support418(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support420(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body or control assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions412,414. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports418,420define a height of implant410extending between the outer or top surface of first support418and the outer or lower surface of second support420. As discussed in greater detail below, the height of implant410decreases in a longitudinal direction (e.g., to provide a longitudinal taper feature).

In one embodiment, implant410is configured to provide a predetermined longitudinal taper that remains constant as implant410is moved between a collapsed configuration (seeFIGS.54-55) and an expanded configuration (seeFIGS.57-58). As such, both the top and bottom supports418,420may include outer surfaces (e.g. top and bottom surfaces) that define a lateral angular offset from a parallel configuration (e.g., a configuration where the top and bottom supports418,420are generally parallel).

In some embodiments, implant410defines a longitudinal axis extending along control member416. Top support418defines a first end426, a second end428, and a top surface421extending between first and second ends426,428. First and second ends426,428define an overall taper to top surface421. In some embodiments, top surface421may define an arcuate shape between first end426and second end428(e.g., such that top surface421has a slight curvature between first and second ends426,428). In other embodiments, top surface421may define a substantially planar surface between first and second ends426,428. Bottom support420defines a first end425, a second end427, and a bottom surface423extending between first and second ends425,427. First and second ends425,427define an overall taper to top surface423. In some embodiments, top surface423may define an arcuate shape between first end425and second end427(e.g., such that top surface423has a slight curvature between first and second ends425,427). In other embodiments, top surface423may define a substantially planar surface between first and second ends425,427.

As shown inFIGS.54-58, top and bottom supports418and420move toward and away from each other in a linear manner, such that the degree of taper remains constant. In other embodiment, other configurations may be utilized to provide non-linear movement and a varying longitudinal taper. Furthermore, whileFIGS.54-58illustrate an implant having a constant longitudinal taper, according to various alternative embodiments, implants may be provided having a variable longitudinal taper.

Referring toFIGS.61-65, in some embodiments, implant410includes one or more retaining members to retain control member416in a desired longitudinal position. For example, as shown inFIG.61, in one embodiment, implant410includes retaining members422received in side apertures424on opposing sides of rear support414. Control member416includes a head portion430, a groove432, and a threaded portion434. Control member416further includes a tool recess436in fluid communication with access ports438. Retaining members422are configured to extend through rear support414and be received within groove432of control member416, such that control member416is longitudinally fixed relative to rear support414, but also rotatable relative to rear support414.FIG.61illustrates retaining members422extending into rear support414from opposing lateral sides. In various alternative embodiments, retaining members may be used that extend through other portions, such as opposing top and bottom sides.

For example, referring toFIGS.66-70, an implant460is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant460is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant460may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant460is generally similar to the other implants described herein in structure and function except with respect to the additional retaining member features discussed below. As such, implant460is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant460described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant460includes a first, or front portion462, a second, or rear portion464, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion466, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant460. A first, or upper support468(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support470(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body or control assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions462,464. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second supports468,470define a height of implant460extending between the outer or top surface of first support468and the outer or lower surface of second support470. In some embodiments, top and bottom supports468,470may include tapered corner sections490,492to facilitate insertion/removal of implant460, etc.

In one embodiment, top and bottom supports468,470are retained by upper and lower pins494,496. In one embodiment, upper pins494extend through opposite sides of one end of top support468, and lower pins496extend through opposite sides of an opposite end of bottom support470. Pins494,496act to limit expansion of implant460and prevent removal of top and bottom supports468,470from front and rear portions462,464. As shown inFIG.70, in one embodiment, two retaining pins extend into each side of implant460. In other embodiments, other numbers of retaining pins may be used, as shown for example in various other embodiments herein.

Referring further toFIG.70, in some embodiments, implant460includes one or more retaining members to retain control member466in a desired longitudinal position. For example, as shown inFIG.70, in one embodiment, implant460includes retaining members472received in top and bottom apertures474on opposing top and bottom sides of rear support464. Control member466includes a head portion480, a groove482, and a threaded portion484. Control member466further includes a tool recess486in fluid communication with access ports488. Retaining members472are configured to extend through rear support464and be received within groove482of control member466, such that control member466is longitudinally fixed relative to rear support464, but also rotatable relative to rear support464.FIG.70illustrates retaining members472extending into rear support464from opposing top and bottom sides. In various alternative embodiments, retaining members may be used that extend through other portions, such as opposing lateral sides (e.g., as discussed with respect to implant410).

Referring now toFIGS.71-75, an implant510is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant510is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant510may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant510is generally similar to the other implants discussed herein in structure and function except with respect to the two-piece top and bottom support member features discussed below. As such, implant510is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant510described herein.

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant510includes a first, or front portion512, a second, or rear portion514, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion516, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant510. A first, or upper support assembly518(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support assembly520(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the control assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions512,514. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second support assemblies518,520define a height of implant520extending between the outer or top surface of first support assembly518and the outer or lower surface of second support assembly520.

Front portion512includes ramped surfaces562and a threaded bore564. Rear portion514includes dovetailed projections566and recess or aperture568. Ramped surfaces562and dovetailed projections566facilitate controlled expansion and contraction of top support assembly518and bottom support assembly520relative to one another.

In one embodiment, top support assembly518includes a first portion522and a second portion524pivotally coupled to first portion522by way of a top pivot pin530. First portion522defines an extension portion532that at least partially extends into a recess534in second portion524. Top guide pins526extend through second portion524and into upper slots528in first portion522to limit the range of pivotal motion of first portion522relative to second portion524about top pivot pin530. First portion522includes a ramped surface536, and second portion524includes a dovetailed recess538. Ramped surface536slidingly interfaces with a corresponding ramped surface562on front portion512, and dovetailed recess538slidingly interfaces with a dovetailed projection566on rear portion514.

In one embodiment, bottom support assembly520includes a first portion542and a second portion544pivotally coupled to first portion542by way of a bottom pivot pin550. First portion542defines an extension portion552that at least partially extends into a recess554in second portion524. Bottom guide pins546extend through second portion544and into bottom slots548in first portion542to limit the range of pivotal motion of first portion542relative to second portion544about bottom pivot pin550. First portion542includes a ramped surface556, and second portion524includes a dovetailed recess558. Ramped surface556slidingly interfaces with a corresponding ramped surface562on front portion512, and dovetailed recess558slidingly interfaces with a dovetailed projection566on rear portion514.

In one embodiment, implant510includes alignment features configured to maintain proper alignment between at least a portion of top support assembly518and at least a portion of bottom support assembly520. For example, an upper alignment guide540on second portion524of top support assembly518slidingly engages a correspondingly shaped lower alignment guide560on second portion544of bottom support assembly520. As such, as first portions522and542angulate away from each other, second portions524,544remain aligned (e.g., move in a linear fashion relative to one another).

In one embodiment, implant510is moveable from a first, fully collapsed and aligned position, as shown inFIG.71, to a second, collapsed and angulated position, as shown inFIG.72, to a third, expanded and angulated position, as shown inFIG.73. Implant510may be positioned at any desired intermediate position between the first, second, and third positions. In use, a first amount of rotation of control member516causes angulation of first portions522,542relative to second portions524,544. As control member516is threaded into threaded bore564, first portion522rotates about top pivot pin530and first portion542rotates about bottom pivot pin550. First portions522,542continue to angulate until top and bottom guide pins526,546are retained by upper and lower slots528,548, which define the maximum amount of angulation for first portions522,542.

Once maximum angulation is reached, further rotation of control member516causes expansion of second members524,544(and therefore also first members522,542) relative to one another in a generally linear fashion (e.g., through the interaction of alignment guides540,560). It should be noted that to enable angulation of first portions522,542, front portion512and first portions522,542have generally flat, correspondingly shaped ramped surfaces562(on front portion512),536(on first portion522of top support assembly518), and556(on first portion542of bottom support assembly520). To facilitate linear movement of second portions524,544, rear portion514includes dovetailed projections566, which are received within dovetailed recesses438(on second portion524of top support assembly518) and558(on second portion544of bottom support assembly520).

The angulation and expansion features enable a user to initially install implant510in a collapsed, aligned position, as shown inFIG.71, which may facilitate initial insertion and adjustment of the device. Once in proper position, implant510may be moved to a desired angulated and/or expanded configuration, as shown inFIGS.72and73. In the fully expanded and angulated position, as shown inFIG.73, the outer surfaces (e.g., top and bottom surfaces) of first portions522,542are offset (e.g. angularly offset) from the outer surfaces of second portions524,544, and angularly offset from the longitudinal axis of implant510(e.g., an axis extending along control member516). The amount of angulation may be varied to suit a particular application (e.g., an amount of spinal curvature to be accommodated by the implant, etc.).

Referring now toFIGS.76-83, an implant610is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Implant610is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that implant610may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Implant610is generally similar to the other implants discussed herein in structure and function except with respect to the two-piece top and bottom support member and specific control member features discussed below. As such, implant610is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of implant610described herein.

According to an exemplary embodiment, implant610includes a first, or front portion612, a second, or rear portion614, a first, or inner, control member615, a second, or outer, control member616, and a receiver member617, which collectively form a body or control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of implant610. A first, or upper support assembly618(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, lower support assembly620(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the control assembly and may extend generally between front and rear portions612,614. According to an exemplary embodiment, first and second support assemblies618,620define a height of implant610extending between the outer or top surface of first support assembly618and the outer or lower surface of second support assembly620.

Front portion612includes ramped surfaces654and a receiver recess or bore656. Rear portion614includes ramped surfaces658and control recess or bore660. Ramped surfaces654,658facilitate controlled expansion and contraction of top support assembly618and bottom support assembly620relative to one another.

In one embodiment, top support assembly618includes a first or inner portion622and a second or outer portion624pivotally coupled to first portion622by way of a top pivot pin626. First portion622at least partially extends into a recess628in second portion624. First portion622includes a ramped surface630, and second portion624includes a ramped surface632. Ramped surface630slidingly interfaces with a corresponding ramped surface654on front portion612, and ramped surface632slidingly interfaces with a corresponding ramped surface658on rear portion614.

In one embodiment, bottom support assembly620includes a first or inner portion638and a second or outer portion640pivotally coupled to first portion638by way of a bottom pivot pin642. First portion638at least partially extends into a recess644in second portion640. First portion638includes a ramped surface646, and second portion640includes a ramped surface648. Ramped surface646slidingly interfaces with a corresponding ramped surface654on front portion612, and ramped surface648slidingly interfaces with ramped surface658on rear portion614.

In one embodiment, implant610includes alignment features configured to limit a degree of angulation of second portions624,640relative to first portions622,638. For example, in some embodiments, first portion622of top support assembly618includes a single alignment guide or member634that is received between two alignment guides or members650on first portion638of bottom support assembly620. Alignment guides634,650are collectively received in a top alignment recess in second portion624of top support assembly618and a bottom alignment recess644in second portion640of bottom support assembly620. The various alignment components may be configured to enable a predetermined amount of angulation between first portions622,63and second portions624,640.

In one embodiment, implant610is moveable from a first, fully collapsed and aligned position, as shown inFIGS.76and79, to a second, expanded and aligned position, as shown inFIGS.77and80, to a third, expanded and angulated position, as shown inFIGS.78and81. Implant610may be positioned at any desired intermediate position between the first, second, and third positions. Furthermore, the order of expansion and angulation may be reversed, or alternated, during installation.

In use, threading of outer control member616into (or out of) receiver617causes linear relative movement (e.g., expansion or contraction) of top support assembly618and bottom support assembly620. For example,FIGS.77and80show implant610with outer control member616having been threaded into receiver617by way of threading engagement of the outer threads668of outer control member616and the inner threads676of receiver617. As front portion612and rear portion614move toward/away from each other, top and bottom support assemblies618,620likewise move away from/toward each other.

Threading of inner control member615within outer control616member causes second portions624,640to angulate relative to first portions622,638. For example,FIGS.78and81show implant610with inner control member615having been threaded into outer control member616, causing second portions624,640to rotate about top and bottom pivot pins626,642, causing second portions624,640to become angularly offset relative to first portions622,638.

The angulation and expansion features enable a user to initially install implant610in a collapsed, aligned position, as shown inFIGS.76and69, which may facilitate initial insertion and adjustment of the device. Once in proper position, implant610may be moved to a desired angulated and/or expanded configuration, as shown inFIGS.77-78and80-81. In the fully expanded and angulated position, as shown inFIGS.78and81, the outer surfaces (e.g., top and bottom surfaces) of second portions624,640are offset (e.g. angularly offset) from the outer surfaces of first portions622,638, and angularly offset from the longitudinal axis of implant610(e.g., an axis extending along outer control member616). The amount of angulation may be varied to suit a particular application (e.g., an amount of spinal curvature to be accommodated by the implant, etc.).

Referring now toFIG.84, a portion of an implant is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. In one embodiment, the portion includes a member650, which may be similar to various components described with respect to the various other embodiments disclosed herein. For example, member650may form part of a control assembly and act as a rear member similar to rear portions14,114,214, etc. As shown inFIG.84, access to the interior of the various implants disclosed herein may be by way of member650. Member650includes a control member652and an access aperture654. Control member652acts to control expansion and contraction of the implant, and aperture654enables access to the interior of the implant. The access features of member650may be implemented in any of the implant components described herein, including the various front and rear portions, top and bottom supports, etc. All such combinations of features are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIGS.85-88, an implant700is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The implant700is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that the implant700may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. The implant700is similar to the implants260,410,460,510, and the other implants described herein, in structure and function except as discussed below. As such, the implant700is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of the implant700described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

As will be discussed herein, the implant700is expandable between at least a first, collapsed orientation and a second, expanded orientation. For example, the implant700shown inFIGS.85and86is shown in the first, collapsed orientation according to some embodiments. Further, the implant700shown inFIGS.87and88is shown in the second, expanded orientation. The first, collapsed orientation does not necessarily require the implant700to be completely collapsed and the second, expanded orientation does not require the implant700to be completely expanded. Instead, the first, collapsed orientation and the second, expanded orientation may fall anywhere in-between the fully collapsed orientation and the fully expanded orientation, and including the fully collapsed orientation and the fully expanded orientation.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the implant700includes a first, or rear portion740, a second, or front portion730, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion750, which collectively form a control assembly790(seeFIG.90) that extends along a longitudinal axis of the implant700. A first, or top portion710(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, bottom portion720(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body or control assembly790and may extend generally between rear portion740and the front portion730.

In some embodiments, the rear portion740includes an aperture743(seeFIG.89) configured to enable the control member750to extend through the rear portion740and into a central cavity of the implant700. The rear portion740may also include a plurality of apertures configured to receive retention members. For example, the rear portion740may include a first aperture744proximate an upper portion of the rear portion740and a second aperture745proximate a lower portion of the rear portion740(seeFIG.89). The first aperture744and the second aperture745may be configured to individually receive a retention wedge792as will be discussed further herein. Further, the rear portion740may include an installation tool interface746,747. For example, the rear portion740may include a first installation tool interface746on a first side and a second installation tool interface747on a second side. An installation tool may be used to grab the first installation tool interface746and the second installation tool interface747in order to secure the implant700to the installation tool so that the implant700can be inserted into a person.

The top portion710may have an upper surface711. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIG.85, the upper surface711has a plurality of ridges and/or grooves712. The plurality of ridges and/or grooves712may provide a surface roughness that will increase the stability of the implant700once inserted into a person. Similarly, the bottom portion720may have a lower surface721. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIG.85, the lower surface721has a plurality of ridges and/or grooves722. The plurality of ridges and/or grooves712may provide a surface roughness that will increase the stability of the implant700once inserted into a person. Further, in some embodiments, the top portion710and the bottom portion720may be identical. In some embodiments, this may reduce the cost of manufacturing the implant700.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface711and lower surface721define a height of the implant700(e.g., a support height defined by the vertical distance between the upper surface711of the top portion710and the lower surface721of the bottom portion720). In some embodiments, the height of the implant700may be constant throughout the implant. However, in the embodiment shown inFIGS.85-88, the height of the implant is generally greater near the front portion730than the height near the rear portion740. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIGS.85-88, the upper surface711and the lower surface721are generally parabolic when viewed from the side as discussed below. It should be appreciated that the height and general profile of the implant700may be customized based on the needs of the person the implant700is being inserted into.

In some embodiments, the implant700defines a longitudinal axis extending along the control member750. The top portion710defines a rear or first end714, a front or second end713opposite the rear or first end714, a first side715, and a second side716opposite the first side715. The first end714and the second end713define an overall taper to the upper surface711. In some embodiments, the upper surface711may define an arcuate shape between the rear or first end714and the second end713(e.g., such that the upper surface711has a slight curvature, such as a parabolic curve, between the first end714and the second end713when viewed from the first side715). In other embodiments, the upper surface711may define a substantially planar surface between the first end714and the second end713.

The bottom portion720defines a first end724, a second end723, a first side725and a second side726. The lower surface721extends between the first end724and the second end723. The first end724and the second end723define an overall taper to lower surface721. In some embodiments, lower surface821may define an arcuate shape between the first end724and the second end723(e.g., such that the bottom surface721has a slight curvature, such as a parabolic curve, between the first end724and the second end723when viewed from the first side725). In other embodiments, the bottom surface721may define a substantially planar surface between the first end724and the second end723.

As shown inFIGS.87and88, the top portion710and the bottom portion720move toward and away from each other in a linear manner, such that the degree of taper remains constant and the implant700expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position. In other embodiment, other configurations may be utilized to provide non-linear movement and a varying longitudinal taper. Furthermore, whileFIGS.85-88illustrate an implant having a parabolic longitudinal taper, according to various alternative embodiments, implants may be provided having a variable longitudinal taper. Further, in various alternative embodiments, the implant may taper from the first lateral side to the second lateral side, or vice versa.

Referring now toFIG.86, the top portion710may include a cutout717at the first end714. In certain embodiments, the cutout717is generally dovetail shaped and is centered between the first side715and the second side716. The cutout717is configured to receive a projection741of the rear portion740. In certain embodiments, the projection741is generally dovetail shaped. As the implant700expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection741will slide within the cutout717. Further, the top portion710may include a rail718at the second end713. The rail718may be configured to be received by a groove731in the front portion730. As the implant700expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the rail718may slide within the groove731. In certain embodiments, the rail718is off-center and is closer to the second side716than the first side715. In certain embodiments, the rail718is generally dovetail shaped and the groove731is generally dovetail shaped.

The top portion710may also include a side projection719on the second side716between the first end714and the second end713. The side projection719may be configured to be received by a slot779on the first side725of the bottom portion720. When the implant700expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection719may slide within the slot779. The side projection719may provide the implant700with additional lateral stability to prevent the top portion710shifting laterally with respect to the bottom portion720.

Referring now toFIGS.88and89, the bottom portion720may include a cutout727at the first end724. In certain embodiments, the cutout727is generally dovetail shaped and is centered between the first side725and the second side726. The cutout727is configured to receive a projection742of the rear portion740. In certain embodiments, the projection742is generally dovetail shaped. As the implant700expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection742will slide within the cutout727. Further, the bottom portion720may include a rail728at the second end723. The rail728may be configured to be received by a groove732in the front portion730. As the implant700expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the rail728may slide within the groove732. In certain embodiments, the rail728is off-center and is closer to the first side725than the second side726. In certain embodiments, the rail718is generally dovetail shaped and the groove731is generally dovetail shaped.

The bottom portion720may also include a side projection729on the first side725between the first end724and the second end723. The side projection729may be configured to be received by a slot769on the first side715of the top portion710. When the implant700expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection729may slide within the slot769. The side projection729may provide the implant700with additional lateral stability to prevent the top portion710shifting laterally with respect to the bottom portion720.

Referring now toFIG.89, in some embodiments, the implant700includes one or more retaining members to prevent undesired expansion and/or collapsing of the implant700. For example, once the implant700is set to a desired height, a first retention pin794may be driven (e.g., press fit) into a first pin aperture768on the first side715of the top portion. Additionally, a second retention pin794may be driven (e.g., press fit) into a second pin aperture778on the second side726of the bottom portion720. In doing so, the retention pins794may extend into the center cavity of the implant700, thereby preventing the rear portion740from moving closer to the front portion730, thereby preventing over expansion of the implant700. Additionally, the retention pins794may prevent the implant700from collapsing by preventing the bottom portion720and the top portion710from returning to the first, collapsed position. In various alternative embodiments, retaining members may be used that extend through other portions, such as opposing top and bottom sides. Further, as will be discussed below, in some embodiments, the implant700may include additional retention members, such as the retention wedges792.

Referring now toFIGS.90and91, the control assembly790is shown according to an example embodiment. The control assembly790includes the rear portion740adjustably coupled to the front portion730by the control member750. As shown inFIG.91, the control member750includes a head portion751, a tip752opposite the head portion751, and a threaded shaft753positioned between the head portion751and the tip752. The head portion751further includes an outer ring754, an access ring755, a retention groove756in the access ring755, and a tool port757configured to receive a tool that may be used to manipulate the control member750to cause expansion of the implant700. As shown, the outer ring754has an exterior diameter larger than the inner diameter of the aperture743. Therefore, as the head portion751moves closer to the front portion730, the outer ring754will engage the rear face of the rear portion740, thereby causing the rear portion740to move closer to the front portion730, causing expansion of the implant700. The access ring755may have a smaller exterior diameter than the aperture743so that a portion of the head portion751may be received by the aperture743while a portion of the head portion751(e.g., the outer ring754) remains outside of the aperture as the implant700is expanded. Further, the retention groove756may have an exterior diameter smaller than the exterior diameter of the access ring755so that a retention member (e.g., retention wedge792) may be inserted into the retention groove756.

After the implant700is inserted, the control assembly790may be used to expand the implant700from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position. For example, a person may use an expansion tool that engages with the tool port757of the control member750. For example, the expansion tool may be a torx head screwdriver. Since the outer ring754has a larger exterior diameter than the inner diameter of the aperture743, the tool port757may provide a larger access area than a control member that does not have an outer ring with an exterior diameter larger than the inner diameter of the aperture743. A person, such as a surgeon or doctor, may then use the expansion tool to turn the control member750, for example, in a clockwise direction. In this example embodiment, the threaded shaft753is received by a threaded bore735of the front portion730(seeFIG.89). As the control member750is turned, the tip752will continue to move further into the threaded bore735. For example, turning the control member750in a clockwise direction will cause the head portion751of the control member750to move in a direction towards the front portion730. Since the diameter of the outer ring754is larger than the aperture743, as the head portion751moves closer to the front portion730, the rear portion740will also move closer to the front portion730. As the front portion730and the rear portion740move near each other, ramped surfaces of the front portion730and the rear portion740slidably engage the top portion710and the bottom portion720, thereby causing the top portion710and the bottom portion720to move linearly away from each other. It should be appreciated that, while the Figures generally show control member750threadingly engaging front portion730, in other embodiments, other adjustment mechanisms may be used (e.g., ratchet mechanisms, indents/detents, etc.). In these embodiments, the control member750may be manipulated (e.g., urged, turned, pushed, rotated, etc.) to control relative movement between the top portion710and the bottom portion720.

Further, it should be appreciated that the expansion profile of an implant may be customized in part by changing the angles of the various ramped surfaces. Using the implant in various locations may require a custom expansion profile. For example, if the implant is inserted into a patient's spine, the implant expansion profile may be customized to match the curvature of the patient's spine at the desired location that the implant is to be implanted into. In some example embodiments, the ramped surfaces of the rear portion740may have a much higher angle (i.e., the angle that upward angled surface and the downward angle surface form) than the ramped surfaces of the front portion730. In this example embodiment, turning the control member750will cause the implant700to expand more near the rear portion740than near the front portion730. In this example embodiment, the implant700height will be larger near the rear portion740than near the front portion730. It should be appreciated that further customization of the expansion profile of an implant700may be accomplished by adjusting the angle of ramped surfaces on the rear portion740, the front portion730, the top portion710, and the bottom portion720.

Further, the retention wedge792may be used to prevent back-out of the control member750. For example, if the implant700is compressed (i.e., a downward force on the upper surface711and an upward force on the lower surface721), the control member750may experience forces that would force the control member750away from the front portion730. To prevent this, a retention wedge792may be inserted into the first aperture744and the second aperture745of the rear portion740. The retention wedges792may then extend into the retention groove756in the access ring755such that a portion of the retention wedge792is positioned within the first aperture744or the second aperture745and the retention groove756, thereby preventing the control member750from backing out of the rear portion740. In some embodiments, the surface of the retention wedge792that engages the retention groove756may have a curvature that matches the curvature of the retention groove756, thereby allowing a greater portion of the retention wedge792to be positioned within the retention groove756.

Referring toFIGS.92-95, an implant800is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The implant800is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that the implant800may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. The implant800is similar to the implants260,410,460,510,700, and the other implants described herein, in structure and function except as discussed below. As such, the implant800is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of the implant800described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

As will be discussed herein, the implant800is expandable between at least a first, collapsed orientation and a second, expanded orientation. For example, the implant800shown inFIGS.92and93is shown in the first, collapsed orientation according to some embodiments. Further, the implant800shown inFIGS.94and95is shown in the second, expanded orientation. The first, collapsed orientation does not necessarily require the implant800to be completely collapsed and the second, expanded orientation does not require the implant800to be completely expanded. Instead, the first, collapsed orientation and the second, expanded orientation may fall anywhere in-between the fully collapsed orientation and the fully expanded orientation, and including the fully collapsed orientation and the fully expanded orientation.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the implant800includes a first, or rear portion840, a second, or front portion830, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion850, which collectively form a control assembly890(seeFIG.97) that extends along a longitudinal axis of the implant800. A first, or top portion810(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, bottom portion820(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body or control assembly890and may extend generally between rear portion840and the front portion830.

In some embodiments, the rear portion840includes an aperture843(seeFIG.97) configured to enable the control member850to extend through the rear portion840and into a central cavity of the implant800. The rear portion840may also include a plurality of apertures configured to receive retention members. For example, the rear portion840may include a first aperture844proximate a first lateral portion of the rear portion840and a second aperture845proximate a second lateral portion of the rear portion840(seeFIG.97). The first aperture844and the second aperture845may extend from a top surface of the rear portion840to a bottom surface of the rear portion840. The first aperture844and the second aperture845may be configured to individually receive a retention member892as will be discussed further herein. Further, the rear portion840may include an installation tool interface846,848. For example, the rear portion840may include a first installation tool interface846on a first side and a second installation tool interface848on a second side. An installation tool may be used to grab the first installation tool interface846and the second installation tool interface847in order to secure the implant800to the installation tool so that the implant800can be inserted into a person.

The top portion810may have an upper surface811. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIG.92, the upper surface811has a plurality of ridges and/or grooves812. The plurality of ridges and/or grooves812may provide a surface roughness that will increase the stability of the implant800once inserted into a person. Similarly, the bottom portion820may have a lower surface821. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIG.93, the lower surface821has a plurality of ridges and/or grooves822. The plurality of ridges and/or grooves812may provide a surface roughness that will increase the stability of the implant800once inserted into a person. Further, in some embodiments, the top portion810and the bottom portion820may be identical. In some embodiments, this may reduce the cost of manufacturing the implant800.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface811and lower surface821define a height of the implant800(e.g., a support height defined by the vertical distance between the upper surface811of the top portion810and the lower surface821of the bottom portion820). In some embodiments, the height of the implant800may be constant throughout the implant800. However, in some embodiments, the height of the implant800is generally greater near the center of the implant800than the height near the rear portion840and the front portion830. It should be appreciated that the height and general profile of the implant800may be customized based on the needs of the person the implant800is being inserted into.

In some embodiments, the implant800defines a longitudinal axis extending along the control member850. The top portion810defines a rear or first end814, a front or second end813opposite the rear or first end814, a first side815, and a second side816opposite the first side815. The first end814and the second end813define an overall taper to upper surface811. In some embodiments, the upper surface811may define an arcuate shape between the first end814and the second end813(e.g., such that the upper surface811has a slight curvature, such as a parabolic curve, between the first end814and the second end813when viewed from the first side815). In other embodiments, the upper surface811may define a substantially planar surface between the first end814and the second end813.

The bottom portion820defines a first end824, a second end823, a first side825and a second side826. The lower surface821extends between the first end824and the second end823. The first end824and the second end823define an overall taper to lower surface821. In some embodiments, lower surface821may define an arcuate shape between the first end824and the second end823(e.g., such that the lower surface821has a slight curvature, such as a parabolic curve, between the first end824and the second end823when viewed from the first side825). In other embodiments, the lower surface821may define a substantially planar surface between the first end824and the second end823.

As shown inFIGS.92-95, the top portion810and the bottom portion820move toward and away from each other in a linear manner, such that the degree of taper remains constant and the implant800expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position. In other embodiment, other configurations may be utilized to provide non-linear movement and a varying longitudinal taper.

Referring now toFIG.93, the top portion810may include a cutout817at the first end814. In certain embodiments, the cutout817is generally dovetail shaped and is centered between the first side815and the second side816. The cutout817is configured to receive a projection841of the rear portion840. In certain embodiments, the projection841is generally dovetail shaped. As the implant800expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection841will slide within the cutout817. Further, the top portion810may include a rail818at the second end813. The rail818may be configured to be received by a groove831in the front portion830. As the implant800expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the rail818may slide within the groove831. In certain embodiments, the rail818is off-center and is closer to the second side816than the first side815. In certain embodiments, the rail818is generally dovetail shaped and the groove831is generally dovetail shaped.

The top portion810may also include a plurality of side projections819on the first side815and the second side816between the first end814and the second end813. For example, in the embodiment shown inFIGS.92-85, the top portion810has two projections819on the first side815and3projections819on the second side. The side projections819may be configured to be received by a plurality of corresponding slots879on the first side825and the second side826of the bottom portion820. When the implant800expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projections819may slide within the slots879. The side projections819may provide the implant800with additional lateral stability to prevent the top portion810shifting laterally with respect to the bottom portion820.

Referring now toFIGS.94and96, the bottom portion820may include a cutout827at the first end824. In certain embodiments, the cutout827is generally dovetail shaped and is centered between the first side825and the second side826. The cutout827is configured to receive a projection842of the rear portion840. In certain embodiments, the projection842is generally dovetail shaped. As the implant800expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection842will slide within the cutout827. Further, the bottom portion820may include a rail828at the second end823. The rail828may be configured to be received by a groove832in the front portion830. As the implant800expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the rail828may slide within the groove832. In certain embodiments, the rail828is off-center and is closer to the first side825than the second side826. In certain embodiments, the rail828is generally dovetail shaped and the groove831is generally dovetail shaped.

The bottom portion820may also include a plurality of side projections829on the first side825and the second side826between the first end824and the second end823. The side projections829may be configured to be received by a plurality of slots869on the first side815and the second side816of the top portion810. When the implant800expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projections829may slide within the slots869. The side projections829may provide the implant800with additional lateral stability to prevent the top portion810shifting laterally with respect to the bottom portion820.

Referring now toFIG.96, in some embodiments, the implant800includes one or more retaining members to prevent undesired expansion and/or collapsing of the implant800. For example, once the implant800is set to a desired height, a first retention member894may be driven (e.g., press fit) into a first pin aperture868on the second side816of the top portion. Additionally, a second retention member894may be driven (e.g., press fit) into a second pin aperture878on the first side825of the bottom portion820. In doing so, the retention members894may extend into the center cavity of the implant800, thereby preventing the rear portion840from moving closer to the front portion830, thereby preventing over expansion of the implant800. Additionally, the retention members894may prevent the implant800from collapsing by preventing the bottom portion820and the top portion810from returning to the first, collapsed position. In various alternative embodiments, retaining members may be used that extend through other portions, such as opposing top and bottom sides. Further, as will be discussed below, in some embodiments, the implant800may include additional retention members, such as the retention members892.

Referring now toFIG.97, the control assembly890is shown according to an example embodiment. The control assembly includes the rear portion840adjustably coupled to the front portion830by the control member850. As shown inFIG.98, the control member850includes a head portion851, a tip852opposite the head portion851, and a threaded shaft853positioned between the head portion851and the tip852. The head portion851further includes an access ring855, a retention groove856in the access ring855, and a tool port857configured to receive a tool that may be used to manipulate the control member850to cause expansion of the implant800. The access ring855may have a smaller exterior diameter than the inner diameter of the aperture843so that a portion of the head portion851may be received by the aperture843. Further, the retention groove856may have an exterior diameter smaller than the exterior diameter of the access ring855so that a retention member (e.g., retention member892) may be inserted into the retention groove856.

After the implant800is inserted, the control assembly890may be used to expand the implant800from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position. For example, a person may use an expansion tool that engages with the tool port857of the control member850. For example, the expansion tool may be a hex head screwdriver. A person, such as a surgeon or doctor, may then use the expansion tool to turn the control member850, for example, in a clockwise direction. In this example embodiment, the threaded shaft853is received by a threaded bore835of the front portion830(seeFIG.96). As the control member850is turned, the tip852will continue to move further into the threaded bore835. For example, turning the control member850in a clockwise direction will cause the head portion851of the control member850to move in a direction towards the front portion830. Since the retention members892couple the rear portion840to the control member850, as the head portion851moves closer to the front portion830, the rear portion840will also move closer to the front portion830. As the front portion830and the rear portion840move near each other, ramped surfaces of the front portion830and the rear portion840slidably engage the top portion810and the bottom portion820, thereby causing the top portion810and the bottom portion820to move linearly away from each other. It should be appreciated that, while the Figures generally show control member850threadingly engaging front portion830, in other embodiments, other adjustment mechanisms may be used (e.g., ratchet mechanisms, indents/detents, etc.). In these embodiments, the control member850may be manipulated (e.g., urged, turned, pushed, rotated, etc.) to control relative movement between the top portion810and the bottom portion820.

Further, it should be appreciated that the expansion profile of an implant may be customized in part by changing the angles of the various ramped surfaces. Using the implant in various locations may require a custom expansion profile. For example, if the implant is inserted into a patient's spine, the implant expansion profile may be customized to match the curvature of the patient's spine at the desired location that the implant is to be implanted into. In some example embodiments, the ramped surfaces of the rear portion840may have a much higher angle (i.e., the angle that upward angled surface and the downward angle surface form) than the ramped surfaces of the front portion830. In this example embodiment, turning the control member850will cause the implant800to expand more near the rear portion840than near the front portion830. In this example embodiment, the implant800height will be larger near the rear portion840than near the front portion830. It should be appreciated that further customization of the expansion profile of an implant800may be accomplished by adjusting the angle of ramped surfaces on the rear portion840, the front portion830, the top portion810, and the bottom portion820.

Further, retention members892may be used to prevent back-out of the control member850. For example, if the implant800is compressed (i.e., a downward force on the upper surface811and an upward force on the lower surface821), the control member850may experience forces that would force the control member850away from the front portion830. To prevent this, a retention member892may be inserted into the first aperture844and the second aperture845of the rear portion840. A portion of the retention members892may then be positioned within the retention groove856in the access ring855such that a portion of the retention members892is positioned within the first aperture844or the second aperture845and the retention groove856, thereby preventing the control member850from backing out of the rear portion840.

Referring now toFIGS.99-104, an implant900is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The implant900is usable, for example, between and/or within vertebral bodies of the spine, and may share many of the features of the other inter/intra-body implants discussed elsewhere herein. It should be understood that the implant900may in some embodiments be usable in other portions of the body in addition to the spine, and all such applications are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. The implant900is similar to the implants260,410,460,510,700, and800and the other implants described herein, in structure and function except as discussed below. As such, the implant900is understood to include any or all of the features of the other implants described herein to the extent consistent with the additional features of the implant900described herein (e.g., retention pins, dovetail projections and ramped surfaces, alignment features, control member access port(s), etc.).

As will be discussed herein, the implant900is expandable between at least a first, collapsed orientation and a second, expanded orientation. For example, the implant900shown inFIGS.99-104is shown in the second, expanded orientation. The first, collapsed orientation does not necessarily require the implant900to be completely collapsed and the second, expanded orientation does not require the implant900to be completely expanded. Instead, the first, collapsed orientation and the second, expanded orientation may fall anywhere in-between the fully collapsed orientation and the fully expanded orientation, and including the fully collapsed orientation and the fully expanded orientation.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the implant900includes a first, or rear portion940, a second, or front portion930, and a third, intermediate, or control member or portion950, which collectively form a control assembly that extends along a longitudinal axis of the implant900. A first, or top portion910(e.g., an upper plate or support member, etc.) and a second, bottom portion920(e.g., a lower plate or support member), are coupled to the body or control assembly and may extend generally between rear portion940and the front portion930.

In some embodiments, the rear portion940includes an aperture943(seeFIG.105) configured to enable the control member950to extend through the rear portion940and into a central cavity of the implant900. The rear portion940may also include a one or more apertures configured to receive retention members, such as a retention pin992. For example, the rear portion740may include a first aperture944proximate a first lateral side of the rear portion940. The first aperture944may be configured to receive a retention pin992as will be discussed further herein. The rear portion740may include a second aperture944proximate a second lateral side of the rear portion940. The second aperture944may be configured to receive a retention pin992as will be discussed further herein. Further, the rear portion940may include an installation tool interface946,947. For example, the rear portion940may include a first installation tool interface946on a first lateral side and a second installation tool interface947on a second side. An installation tool may be used to grab the first installation tool interface946and the second installation tool interface947in order to secure the implant900to the installation tool so that the implant900can be inserted into a person.

The top portion910may have an upper surface911. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIG.102, the upper surface911has a plurality of ridges and/or grooves912. The plurality of ridges and/or grooves912may provide a surface roughness that will increase the stability of the implant900once inserted into a person. Similarly, the bottom portion920may have a lower surface921. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIG.102, the lower surface921has a plurality of ridges and/or grooves922. The plurality of ridges and/or grooves912may provide a surface roughness that will increase the stability of the implant900once inserted into a person. Further, in some embodiments, the top portion910and the bottom portion920may be identical. In some embodiments, this may reduce the cost of manufacturing the implant900.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface911and lower surface921define a height of the implant900(e.g., a support height defined by the vertical distance between the upper surface911of the top portion910and the lower surface921of the bottom portion920). In some embodiments, the height of the implant900may be constant throughout the implant. However, in the embodiment shown inFIG.102, the height of the implant is generally greater near the center of the implant900than the height near the front portion930and the height near the rear portion940. In some embodiments, such as shown inFIG.102, the upper surface911and the lower surface921are generally arched when viewed from the side. It should be appreciated that the height and general profile of the implant900may be customized based on the needs of the person the implant900is being inserted into.

In some embodiments, the implant900defines a longitudinal axis extending along the control member950. The top portion910defines a rear or first end914, a front or second end913opposite the rear or first end914, a first lateral side915, and a second lateral side916opposite the first side915. The first end914and the second end913define an overall taper to the upper surface911. In some embodiments, the upper surface911may define an arcuate shape between the rear or first end914and the second end913(e.g., such that the upper surface911has a slight curvature, such as a parabolic curve, between the first end914and the second end913when viewed from the first lateral side915). In other embodiments, the upper surface911may define a substantially planar surface between the first end914and the second end913.

The bottom portion920defines a first end924, a second end923, a first side925and a second side926. The lower surface921extends between the first end924and the second end923. The first end924and the second end923define an overall taper to lower surface921. In some embodiments, lower surface921may define an arcuate shape between the first end924and the second end923(e.g., such that the bottom surface921has a slight curvature, such as a parabolic curve, between the first end924and the second end923when viewed from the first side925). In other embodiments, the bottom surface921may define a substantially planar surface between the first end924and the second end923.

In use, the top portion910and the bottom portion920are configured to move toward and away from each other in a linear manner, such that the degree of taper remains constant and the implant900expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position. In other embodiment, other configurations may be utilized to provide non-linear movement and a varying longitudinal taper. Furthermore, whileFIGS.99-104illustrate an implant having a parabolic longitudinal taper, according to various alternative embodiments, implants may be provided having a variable longitudinal taper. Further, in various alternative embodiments, the implant may taper from the first lateral side to the second lateral side, or vice versa.

Referring now toFIGS.104and105, the top portion910may include a cutout917at the first end914. In certain embodiments, the cutout917is generally dovetail shaped and is centered between the first side915and the second side916. The cutout917is configured to receive a projection941of the rear portion940. In certain embodiments, the projection941is generally dovetail shaped. As the implant900expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection941will slide within the cutout917.

Referring now toFIG.100, the top portion910may include a rail918at the second end913. The rail918may be configured to be received by a groove931in the front portion930. As the implant900expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the rail918may slide within a groove931in the front portion930. In certain embodiments, the rail918is off-center and is closer to the second side916than the first side915. In certain embodiments, the rail918is generally dovetail shaped and the groove931is generally dovetail shaped.

Referring now toFIGS.104and105, the top portion910may also include a side projection919on the second lateral side916between the first end914and the second end913. The side projection919may be configured to be received by a slot979on the first side925of the bottom portion920. When the implant900expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection919may slide within the slot979. The side projection919may provide the implant900with additional lateral stability to prevent the top portion910shifting laterally with respect to the bottom portion920.

Referring now toFIGS.105and106, the bottom portion920may include a cutout927at the first end924. In certain embodiments, the cutout927is generally dovetail shaped and is centered between the first side925and the second side926. The cutout927is configured to receive a projection942of the rear portion940. In certain embodiments, the projection942is generally dovetail shaped. As the implant900expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection942will slide within the cutout927.

Referring now toFIGS.103and106, the bottom portion920may include a rail928at the second end923. The rail928may be configured to be received by a groove932in the front portion930. As the implant900expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the rail928may slide within the groove932. In certain embodiments, the rail928is off-center and is closer to the first side925than the second side926. In certain embodiments, the rail928is generally dovetail shaped and the groove932is generally dovetail shaped.

Referring now toFIGS.99and106, the bottom portion920may also include a side projection929on the first side925between the first end924and the second end923. The side projection929may be configured to be received by a slot969on the first side915of the top portion910. When the implant900expands from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position, the projection929may slide within the slot969. The side projection929may provide the implant900with additional lateral stability to prevent the top portion910shifting laterally with respect to the bottom portion920.

Referring now toFIGS.105and106, in some embodiments, the implant900includes one or more retaining members to prevent undesired expansion and/or collapsing of the implant900. For example, once the implant900is set to a desired height, a first retention pin994may be driven (e.g., press fit) into a first pin aperture968on the first side915of the top portion. Additionally, a second retention pin994may be driven (e.g., press fit) into a second pin aperture978on the second side926of the bottom portion920. In doing so, the retention pins994may extend into the center cavity of the implant900, thereby preventing the rear portion940from moving closer to the front portion930, thereby preventing over expansion of the implant900. Additionally, the retention pins994may prevent the implant900from collapsing by preventing the bottom portion920and the top portion910from returning to the first, collapsed position. In various alternative embodiments, retaining members may be used that extend through other portions, such as opposing top and bottom sides. Further, as will be discussed below, in some embodiments, the implant900may include additional retention members.

The control assembly includes the rear portion940adjustably coupled to the front portion930by the control member950. As shown inFIGS.105and106, the control member950includes a head portion951, a tip952opposite the head portion951, and a threaded shaft953positioned between the head portion951and the tip952. The head portion951further includes an outer ring954, an access ring955, a retention groove956in the access ring955, and a tool port957configured to receive a tool that may be used to manipulate the control member950to cause expansion of the implant900. As shown, the outer ring954has an exterior diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the aperture943. Therefore, as the head portion951moves closer to the front portion930, the outer ring954will enter the aperture943of the rear portion940, thereby causing the rear portion940to move closer to the front portion930, causing expansion of the implant900. The access ring955may have a smaller exterior diameter than the aperture943. Further, the retention groove956may have an exterior diameter smaller than the exterior diameter of the access ring955so that a retention member (e.g., the retention pin922) may be inserted into the retention groove956. When the retention pin922is inserted into the retention groove956, the retention pin922may prevent the control member950from backing out of the aperture943.

After the implant900is inserted, the control assembly990may be used to expand the implant900from the first, collapsed position to the second, expanded position. For example, a person may use an expansion tool that engages with the tool port957of the control member950. For example, the expansion tool may be a hex head screwdriver. A person, such as a surgeon or doctor, may then use the expansion tool to turn the control member950, for example, in a clockwise direction. In this example embodiment, the threaded shaft953is received by a threaded bore935of the front portion930(seeFIG.105). As the control member950is turned, the tip952will continue to move further into the threaded bore935. For example, turning the control member950in a clockwise direction may cause the head portion951of the control member950to move in a direction towards the front portion930. Since the retention pins922are positioned within the aperture944and within the retention groove956, the head951is secured within the aperture943. Therefore, as the control member950moves towards the front member930, the rear portion940will also move towards the front portion930. As the front portion930and the rear portion940move near each other, ramped surfaces of the front portion930and the rear portion940slidably engage the top portion910and the bottom portion920, thereby causing the top portion910and the bottom portion920to move linearly away from each other. It should be appreciated that, while the Figures generally show control member950threadingly engaging front portion930, in other embodiments, other adjustment mechanisms may be used (e.g., ratchet mechanisms, indents/detents, etc.). In these embodiments, the control member950may be manipulated (e.g., urged, turned, pushed, rotated, etc.) to control relative movement between the top portion910and the bottom portion920.

Further, it should be appreciated that the expansion profile of an implant may be customized in part by changing the angles of the various ramped surfaces. Using the implant in various locations may require a custom expansion profile. For example, if the implant is inserted into a patient's spine, the implant expansion profile may be customized to match the curvature of the patient's spine at the desired location that the implant is to be implanted into. In some example embodiments, the ramped surfaces of the rear portion940may have a much higher angle (i.e., the angle that upward angled surface and the downward angle surface form) than the ramped surfaces of the front portion930. In this example embodiment, turning the control member950will cause the implant900to expand more near the rear portion940than near the front portion930. In this example embodiment, the implant900height will be larger near the rear portion940than near the front portion930. It should be appreciated that further customization of the expansion profile of an implant900may be accomplished by adjusting the angle of ramped surfaces on the rear portion940, the front portion930, the top portion910, and the bottom portion920.

Further, the retention pins922may be used to prevent back-out of the control member950. For example, if the implant900is compressed (i.e., a downward force on the upper surface911and an upward force on the lower surface921), the control member950may experience forces that would force the control member950away from the front portion930. To prevent this, a retention pin922may be inserted into the first aperture944and the second aperture944of the rear portion940. The retention pins922may then extend into the retention groove956such that a portion of the retention pin922is positioned within the first aperture944or the second aperture944and the retention groove956, thereby preventing the control member950from backing out of the rear portion940.

Referring now to the Figures generally, the various embodiments disclosed herein provide expandable implants including a lower support and an upper support adjustably coupled to the lower support and movable between a first, collapsed position, and a second, expanded position. Further, a front component and a control shaft rotatably received by the front component is disclosed, where rotation of the control shaft causes relative movement of a rear portion relative to the front component.

In some embodiments, the upper support moves in a linear fashion relative to the lower support. In other embodiments, the upper support may move in a non-linear fashion relative to the lower support. In some embodiments, a single control member and control shaft are utilized. In other embodiments, multiple (e.g., 2) control members and control shafts are utilized. In some embodiments, the multiple control channels are parallel and straight. In other embodiments, the control channels are non-parallel and straight (e.g., angled toward each other). In further embodiments, the control channels are non-parallel and non-straight such that the adjustable member moves in a non-linear fashion relative to the base member.

In some embodiments, the control shaft includes a control thread corresponding to each control member. As such, while in some embodiments the control shaft includes a single control thread, in other embodiments the control shaft includes multiple (e.g., first and second) control threads. In some embodiments, the control threads are like-threaded. In other embodiments, the control threads have different threads. For example, in some embodiments, a first control thread is opposite-handed from a second control thread. In further embodiments, a first control thread has a different pitch from a second control thread. In yet further embodiments, a first control thread is different handed and has a different pitch from a second control thread.

In some embodiments, one or both of the lower support and the upper support include projections/grooves to provide a gripping surface intended to facilitate gripping adjacent portions of bone. In further embodiments, one or both of the lower support and the upper support include one or more apertures and/or cavities configured to promote bone growth in and around the lower support and the upper support. In some embodiments, the apertures extend from a top, bottom, and/or side surface of the lower support and the upper support and to a central cavity of the implant.

According to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, one or more bone screws may be included and positioned to extend through one or both of the lower support and the upper support and into adjacent portions of bone. In some embodiments, multiple bone screws are used. A first bone screw may extend through the adjustable member and into a first portion of bone, and a second bone screw may extend through the base member and into a second portion of bone. In further embodiments, multiple bone screws are accessible and manipulatable by way of the rear face of the implant defined by one or both of the adjustable member and the base member. A head and tool port of the control shaft may further be accessible by way of the rear face of the implant.

In various embodiments, any suitable configuration of the control shaft/control member(s)/control channel(s) may be utilized. In some embodiments, an at least partially spherical control member threadingly engages a threaded control shaft and translates both along the control shaft and within the control channel. In other embodiments, the control member is non-spherical and is received at least partially on or in a control rail or control channel provided by the adjustable member, such that the control member translates along both the control shaft and the control channel or control rail.

As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially”, and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of some features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the application as recited in the appended claims.

It should be noted that the term “exemplary” as used herein to describe various embodiments is intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, and/or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such term is not intended to connote that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples).

The terms “coupled,” “connected,” and the like as used herein mean the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being attached to one another.

References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” etc.) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

Although the figures and description may illustrate a specific order of method steps, the order of such steps may differ from what is depicted and described, unless specified differently above. Also, two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence, unless specified differently above. Such variation may depend, for example, on hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure.

It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application.

It should be appreciated that dimensions of the components, structures, and/or features of the present implants and installation instruments may be altered as desired within the scope of the present disclosure.