Patent ID: 12211819

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present technology will be described below in the following order.(A) First Embodiment(B) Second Embodiment(C) Third Embodiment(D) Fourth Embodiment(E) Fifth Embodiment(F) Sixth Embodiment

(A) First Embodiment

FIG.1is a figure perspectively depicting a general structure of a semiconductor device100according to the present embodiment, andFIG.2is a figure sectionally depicting the general structure of the semiconductor device100according to the present embodiment.

The semiconductor device100has a configuration in which a joint surface Su of a first substrate100uand a joint surface Sd of a second substrate100dare joined to each other by bonding. Electrodes20uare embedded in the joint surface Su of the first substrate100u, and electrodes20dare embedded in the joint surface Sd of the second substrate100d. In the semiconductor device100, the electrodes20uof the first substrate100uand the electrodes20dof the second substrate100dthat correspond to each other are located to face each other.

The electrodes20uof the first substrate100upenetrate in the thickness direction an insulating layer10uformed along the joint surface Su, and are connected to a wiring30uprovided on the opposite side of the insulating layer10u. Similarly, the electrodes20dof the second substrate100dpenetrate in the thickness direction an insulating layer10dformed along the joint surface Sd, and are connected to a wiring30dprovided on the opposite side of the insulating layer10d. In a state in which the electrodes20uof the first substrate100uand the electrodes20dof the second substrate100dare joined to each other, the wiring30uof the first substrate100uand the wiring30dof the second substrate100dare electrically connected with each other. Naturally, the electrodes20uand20dcan be dummy electrodes which are not connected to the wirings.

FIG.3is a figure sectionally depicting, in an enlarged form, an electrode joint section of the semiconductor device100according to the present embodiment.

The electrode20uincludes a barrier metal film20uaformed such as to cover the inside of a through-hole Hu penetrating the insulating layer10uin the thickness direction, and a conductive section20ubformed by forming a film of an electrode material on the inside of the barrier metal film20uaor filling the inside with the electrode material. Similarly, the electrode20dincludes a barrier metal film20daformed in a film shape such as to cover the inside of a through-hole Hd penetrating the insulating layer10din the thickness direction, and a conductive section20dbformed by forming a film of an electrode material on the inside of the barrier metal film20daor filling the inside with the electrode material.

On the joint surface Su side of the first substrate100u, the insulating layer10uhas a substantially flat surface, the electrode20uis one step recessed as compared to the insulating layer10uconstituting the surrounding structure, and a recess D is provided in the part of the electrode20u. The joint surface Su of the first substrate100uis covered with an insulating film40ulaminated in a thin film form in a substantially uniform thickness along the joint surface Su, and the insulating film40uis formed integrally inclusive of its portion covering a recessed shape of the electrode20u. In other words, the insulating film40uon the joint surface Su side also has a recessed shape at the part of the electrode20u.

The insulating film40uhas an opening41uin at least part of its portion covering the electrode20u. As illustrated inFIGS.5A,5B,5C,5D,5E, and5F, the opening41umay be formed in a partial area of the insulating film40ucovering the electrode20u, may be formed dispersedly in a plurality of locations of the insulating film40ucovering the electrode20u, or may be formed in substantially the whole area of the insulating film40ucovering the electrode20u.FIGS.5A,5B,5C,5D,5E, and5Fare figures for explaining variations of the shape of the opening or openings in the insulating film40uand/or the insulating film40d.

On the joint surface Sd side of the second substrate100d, the insulating layer10dhas a substantially flat surface, the electrode20dis one step recessed as compared to the insulating layer10dconstituting the surrounding structure, and a recess D is provided in the part of the electrode20d. The joint surface Sd of the second substrate100dis covered with an insulating film40dlaminated in a thin film form in a substantially uniform thickness along the joint surface Sd, and the insulating film40dis formed integrally inclusive of its portion covering a recessed shape of the electrode20d. In other words, the insulating film40don the joint surface Sd side also has a recessed shape at the part of the electrode20d.

The insulating film40dhas an opening41din at least part of its portion covering the electrode20d. As illustrated inFIGS.5A,5B,5C,5D,5E, and5F, the opening41dmay be formed in a partial area of the insulating film40dcovering the electrode20d, may be formed dispersedly in a plurality of locations of the insulating film40dcovering the electrode20d, or may be formed in substantially the whole area of the insulating film40dcovering the electrode20d.

An area between the first substrate100uand the second substrate200djoined to each other with the corresponding electrodes20uand20daligned to face each other is a chamber C surrounded by the recessed shape of the insulating film40uand the recessed shape of the insulating film40d. Into the chamber C, swelling portions21uand21dformed by swelling of electrode materials of the electrodes20uand20dthrough the openings41uand41dare projecting, and the swelling portions21uand21dare joined to each other to electrically connect the electrodes20uand20dwith each other.

FIGS.4A,4B,4C,4D, and4Eare figures for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device100according to the present embodiment. Note that herein with respect to manufacturing steps which are common for the first substrate100uand the second substrate100d, reference signs with an “x” in place of “u” or “d” will be used in description.

First, an insulating layer10xis laminated on a joint surface Sx side of a substrate100x, a through-hole Hx penetrating the insulating layer10xto a wiring30xis formed, a barrier metal film20xais formed in the through-hole Hx, and an area thereover is filled with an electrode material or formed with a film of the electrode material to form a conductive section20xb, thereby forming an electrode20xpenetrating the insulating layer10x(first step). Thereafter, a material of a barrier metal film laminated on a surface of the insulating layer10xoutside the through-hole Hx and the electrode material are removed by being polished or ground away by chemical mechanical polishing technique (second step). In this instance, depending on the selection of an abrasive or a polishing cloth, the electrode20xis over-polished as compared to the insulating layer10xand a recess D generally called dishing is formed (FIG.4A).

Next, a thin film of the insulating film40xis formed on the insulating layer10xand the recess D of the electrode20x(third step). The insulating film40xis formed from any of SiCN, SiC and SiO2or a combination thereof. The insulating film40xcan be formed by, for example, an ALD (Atomic Layer deposition) method.

Subsequently, an opening41xis formed in the insulating film40xformed on the electrode20x(fourth step). The opening41xis formed by forming a resist in areas other than the opening41xby lithography technique, removing the opening41xpart by etching, and thereafter removing the resist (FIG.4C).

Next, the joint surfaces Su and Sd of the first substrate100uand the second substrate100dare made to face each other, and the substrates are joined to each other by bonding while aligning the corresponding electrodes20uand20dto face each other (FIG.4D, fifth step). As a result, the chamber C is formed between the electrodes20uand20d.

Subsequently, the first substrate100uand the second substrate100djoined to each other are heat treated such that the electrodes20uand20dare thermally expanded and the respective electrode materials are swelled to project through the openings41uand41dinto the chamber C, to form the swelling portions21uand21d, and the swelling portions21uand21dare joined to each other within the chamber C such that electrical contact is securely formed between the electrodes20uand20d(sixth step). By the above-mentioned steps, the electrode joint section of the semiconductor device100according to the present embodiment can be produced.

(B) Second Embodiment

FIG.6is a figure sectionally depicting, in an enlarged form, an electrode joint section of a semiconductor device200according to the present embodiment. Note that general structure of the semiconductor device200is the same as that of the semiconductor device100described above with reference toFIGS.1and2, and, therefore, description will be omitted.

An electrode220uincludes a barrier metal film220uaformed in a film shape such as to cover the inside of a through-hole Hu penetrating an insulating layer210uin the thickness direction, and a conductive section220ubformed by forming a film of an electrode material on the inside of the barrier metal film220uaor filling the inside with the electrode material. Similarly, an electrode220dincludes a barrier metal film220daformed in a film shape such as to cover the inside of a through-hole Hd penetrating an insulating layer210din the thickness direction, and a conductive section220dbformed by forming a film of an electrode material on the inside of the barrier metal film220daor filling the inside with the electrode material.

On the joint surface Su side of the first substrate200u, the insulating layer210uhas a substantially flat surface, and is covered with an insulating film240ulaminated in a thin film form in a substantially uniform thickness along the joint surface Su. Similarly, on the joint surface Sd side of the second substrate200d, the insulating layer210dhas a substantially flat surface, and is covered with an insulating film240dlaminated in a thin film form in a substantially uniform thickness along the joint surface Sd. In other words, two layers of insulating films including the insulating film240uand the insulating film240dare interposed between the insulating layer210uof the first substrate200uand the insulating layer210dof the second substrate200d.

The electrode220uand the electrode220dhave their facing surfaces in direct contact with each other. In other words, the insulating films240uand240dare not interposed between the facing portions of the surfaces of the electrode220uand the electrode220d.

By the insulating film240uand the barrier metal film220ua, a structure partitioning between the conductive section220uband the insulating layer210uin a substantially cross-sectional hat shape is formed. Similarly, by the insulating film240dand the barrier metal film220da, a structure partitioning between the conductive section220dband the insulating layer210din a substantially cross-sectional hat shape is formed.

The structure formed by the insulating film240uand the barrier metal film220uato partition between the conductive section220uband the insulating layer210uin a substantially cross-sectional hat shape and the structure formed by the insulating film240dand the barrier metal film220dato partition between the conductive section220dband the insulating layer210din a substantially cross-sectional hat shape are formed in a close contact state, with the hat recess portions facing each other. For this reason, even in the case where the first substrate200uand the second substrate200dare joined to each other by bonding in a state where the electrode220uand the electrode220dare positionally deviated from each other, there is no possibility for the conductive section220ubto come into contact with the insulating layer210dor for the conductive section220dbto come into contact with the insulating layer210u.

FIGS.7A,7B,7C,7D,7E, and7Fare figures for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device200according to the present embodiment. Note that hereinafter with respect to the manufacturing steps which are common for the first substrate200uand the second substrate200d, reference signs with an “x” in place of “u” or “d” will be used in description.

First, an insulating layer210xis laminated on a joint surface S side of the substrate200x, a through-hole Hx penetrating the insulating layer210xto a wiring230xis formed, a barrier metal film220xais formed in the through-hole Hx, and an area thereover is filled with an electrode material or formed with a film of the electrode material to form a conductive section220xb, thereby forming an electrode220xpenetrating the insulating layer210x(seventh step). Thereafter, a material of a barrier metal film laminated on a surface of the insulating layer210xoutside the through-hole Hx and the electrode material are removed by being polished or grounded away by chemical mechanical polishing technique. In this instance, depending on the selection of the abrasive and polishing cloth, the degree of polishing of the electrode220xis lowered as compared to that of the insulating layer210xand a projection B is formed (FIG.7A, eighth step).

Next, a thin film of an insulating film240xis formed on the insulating layer210xand the projection B of the electrode220x(ninth step). The insulating film240xis formed from any of SiCN, SiC and SiO2or a combination thereof. The thickness of the insulating film240xis on the order of the projection amount of the projection B (the amount corresponding to a step between the projection B and the insulating layer210x). The insulating layer240xcan be formed by, for example, an ALD (Atomic Layer deposition) method.

Subsequently, the insulating film240xformed on the electrode220xis removed (tenth step). The removal of the insulating film240xis performed by forming a resist R in an area other than the electrode220xby lithography technique, removing the insulating film240xon the electrode220xby etching, and thereafter removing the resist R (FIGS.7C,7D, and7E).

Next, the joint surfaces Su and Sd of the first substrate200uand the second substrate200dare made to face each other, and the substrates are joined to each other by bonding while aligning the corresponding electrodes220uand220dto face each other (FIG.7F, eleventh step). Then, the first substrate200uand the second substrate200djoined to each other are heat treated and the electrodes220uand220dare electrically connected with each other securely. By the above-mentioned steps, the electrode joint section of the semiconductor device200according to the present embodiment can be produced.

(C) Third Embodiment

FIG.8is a figure sectionally depicting, in an enlarged form, an electrode joint section of a semiconductor device300according to the present embodiment. Note that a general structure of the semiconductor device300is the same as that of the semiconductor device100described above with reference toFIGS.1and2, and, therefore, description will be omitted. In addition, since the semiconductor device300has a structure in which one of the substrates of the semiconductor device100and one of the substrates of the semiconductor device200are joined to each other, parts are denoted by the reference signs used in the above-mentioned embodiments, and detailed descriptions will be omitted.

The semiconductor device300according to the present embodiment has a structure in which a substrate on one side of the substrates to be joined to each other by bonding has a recess D, and a substrate on the other side has a projection B. The substrate having the recess D is produced by a producing method the same as or similar to that in the first embodiment, and the substrate having the projection B is produced by a producing method the same as or similar to that in the second embodiment. When these substrates are bonded to each other, a chamber C which is substantially half of that in the first embodiment is formed on the recess D side.

Thereafter, a heat treatment is conducted such that the electrodes20and220are thermally expanded, the electrode20expands and projects via the opening41, whereas the electrode220expands and projects as a whole, to form swelling portions21and221, and these swelling portions21and221are joined to each other within the chamber C such that electrical contact is securely formed between the electrodes20uand20d. By the above-mentioned steps, the electrode joint section of the semiconductor device300according to the present embodiment can be produced.

(D) Fourth Embodiment

FIG.9is a block diagram depicting a schematic configuration of an example of an imaging apparatus800as an example of an electronic apparatus on which the semiconductor device according to the above embodiments is mounted. The imaging apparatus800is a digital still camera, a digital video camera, a mobile phone equipped with a camera, or the like.

The imaging apparatus800includes a module900, a camera signal processing section810, an image processing section820, a display section830, a reader/writer840, an arithmetic processing section850, an operation input section860, and a lens drive control section870.

The module900is a component in charge of performing an imaging function, and includes an optical system930including a lens911as an imaging lens, and an imaging element940such as CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). This imaging element940corresponds to the solid-state imaging element according to the above embodiments. The imaging element940converts an optical image formed by the optical system930into an electrical signal, and outputs an imaging signal (image signal) according to the optical image.

The camera signal processing section810applies various kinds of signal processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, noise removal, image quality correction, and conversion to luminance and color difference signals to the image signal outputted by the imaging element940.

The image processing section820performs recording and reproduction processing of the image signal, and performs compression encoding and expansion decoding processing of the image signal based on a predetermined image data format, conversion processing of data specification such as resolution, and so on.

The display section830has a function of displaying a display according to operation inputs to the operation input section860and various kinds of data such as a picked-up image.

The reader/writer840performs writing of data onto an external storage medium such as a memory card and reading of data from the external storage medium; for example, the reader/writer840writes image data obtained through encoding by the image processing section820onto an external storage medium, and reads image data stored in an external storage medium and outputs the image data to the image processing section820.

The arithmetic processing section850is a component that functions as a control section controlling each circuit block of the imaging apparatus800, and controls each circuit block based on, for example, operation input signals from the operation input section860. Based on a control signal from the arithmetic processing section850, a driving driver of the module900controls, for example, a drive motor for driving a lens circle.

The operation input section860includes switches or a touch panel or the like for a user to perform a required operation therewith; for example, it includes such elements as a shutter release operation element for performing a shutter operation or a selection operation element for selecting an operation mode, and outputs an operation input signal to the arithmetic processing section850according to the operation inputs by the user.

(E) Example of Application to Endoscopic Surgery System

The technology according to the present disclosure (present technology) is applicable to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to an endoscopic surgery system.

FIG.10is a view depicting an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (present technology) can be applied.

InFIG.10, a state is illustrated in which a surgeon (medical doctor)11131is using an endoscopic surgery system11000to perform surgery for a patient11132on a patient bed11133. As depicted, the endoscopic surgery system11000includes an endoscope11100, other surgical tools11110such as a pneumoperitoneum tube11111and an energy device11112, a supporting arm apparatus11120which supports the endoscope11100thereon, and a cart11200on which various apparatus for endoscopic surgery are mounted.

The endoscope11100includes a lens barrel11101having a region of a predetermined length from a distal end thereof to be inserted into a body cavity of the patient11132, and a camera head11102connected to a proximal end of the lens barrel11101. In the example depicted, the endoscope11100is depicted which includes as a rigid endoscope having the lens barrel11101of the hard type. However, the endoscope11100may otherwise be included as a flexible endoscope having the lens barrel11101of the flexible type.

The lens barrel11101has, at a distal end thereof, an opening in which an objective lens is fitted. A light source apparatus11203is connected to the endoscope11100such that light generated by the light source apparatus11203is introduced to a distal end of the lens barrel11101by a light guide extending in the inside of the lens barrel11101and is irradiated toward an observation target in a body cavity of the patient11132through the objective lens. It is to be noted that the endoscope11100may be a forward-viewing endoscope or may be an oblique-viewing endoscope or a side-viewing endoscope.

An optical system and an image pickup element are provided in the inside of the camera head11102such that reflected light (observation light) from the observation target is condensed on the image pickup element by the optical system. The observation light is photo-electrically converted by the image pickup element to generate an electric signal corresponding to the observation light, namely, an image signal corresponding to an observation image. The image signal is transmitted as RAW data to a CCU11201.

The CCU11201includes a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) or the like and integrally controls operation of the endoscope11100and a display apparatus11202. Further, the CCU11201receives an image signal from the camera head11102and performs, for the image signal, various image processes for displaying an image based on the image signal such as, for example, a development process (demosaic process).

The display apparatus11202displays thereon an image based on an image signal, for which the image processes have been performed by the CCU11201, under the control of the CCU11201.

The light source apparatus11203includes a light source such as, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) and supplies irradiation light upon imaging of a surgical region to the endoscope11100.

An inputting apparatus11204is an input interface for the endoscopic surgery system11000. A user can perform inputting of various kinds of information or instruction inputting to the endoscopic surgery system11000through the inputting apparatus11204. For example, the user would input an instruction or a like to change an image pickup condition (type of irradiation light, magnification, focal distance or the like) by the endoscope11100.

A treatment tool controlling apparatus11205controls driving of the energy device11112for cautery or incision of a tissue, sealing of a blood vessel or the like. A pneumoperitoneum apparatus11206feeds gas into a body cavity of the patient11132through the pneumoperitoneum tube11111to inflate the body cavity in order to secure the field of view of the endoscope11100and secure the working space for the surgeon. A recorder11207is an apparatus capable of recording various kinds of information relating to surgery. A printer11208is an apparatus capable of printing various kinds of information relating to surgery in various forms such as a text, an image or a graph.

It is to be noted that the light source apparatus11203which supplies irradiation light when a surgical region is to be imaged to the endoscope11100may include a white light source which includes, for example, an LED, a laser light source or a combination of them. Where a white light source includes a combination of red, green, and blue (RGB) laser light sources, since the output intensity and the output timing can be controlled with a high degree of accuracy for each color (each wavelength), adjustment of the white balance of a picked up image can be performed by the light source apparatus11203. Further, in this case, if laser beams from the respective RGB laser light sources are irradiated time-divisionally on an observation target and driving of the image pickup elements of the camera head11102are controlled in synchronism with the irradiation timings. Then images individually corresponding to the R, G and B colors can be also picked up time-divisionally. According to this method, a color image can be obtained even if color filters are not provided for the image pickup element.

Further, the light source apparatus11203may be controlled such that the intensity of light to be outputted is changed for each predetermined time. By controlling driving of the image pickup element of the camera head11102in synchronism with the timing of the change of the intensity of light to acquire images time-divisionally and synthesizing the images, an image of a high dynamic range free from underexposed blocked up shadows and overexposed highlights can be created.

Further, the light source apparatus11203may be configured to supply light of a predetermined wavelength band ready for special light observation. In special light observation, for example, by utilizing the wavelength dependency of absorption of light in a body tissue to irradiate light of a narrow band in comparison with irradiation light upon ordinary observation (namely, white light), narrow band observation (narrow band imaging) of imaging a predetermined tissue such as a blood vessel of a superficial portion of the mucous membrane or the like in a high contrast is performed. Alternatively, in special light observation, fluorescent observation for obtaining an image from fluorescent light generated by irradiation of excitation light may be performed. In fluorescent observation, it is possible to perform observation of fluorescent light from a body tissue by irradiating excitation light on the body tissue (autofluorescence observation) or to obtain a fluorescent light image by locally injecting a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) into a body tissue and irradiating excitation light corresponding to a fluorescent light wavelength of the reagent upon the body tissue. The light source apparatus11203can be configured to supply such narrow-band light and/or excitation light suitable for special light observation as described above.

FIG.11is a block diagram depicting an example of a functional configuration of the camera head11102and the CCU11201depicted inFIG.10.

The camera head11102includes a lens unit11401, an image pickup unit11402, a driving unit11403, a communication unit11404and a camera head controlling unit11405. The CCU11201includes a communication unit11411, an image processing unit11412and a control unit11413. The camera head11102and the CCU11201are connected for communication to each other by a transmission cable11400.

The lens unit11401is an optical system, provided at a connecting location to the lens barrel11101. Observation light taken in from a distal end of the lens barrel11101is guided to the camera head11102and introduced into the lens unit11401. The lens unit11401includes a combination of a plurality of lenses including a zoom lens and a focusing lens.

The number of image pickup elements which is included by the image pickup unit11402may be one (single-plate type) or a plural number (multi-plate type). Where the image pickup unit11402is configured as that of the multi-plate type, for example, image signals corresponding to respective R, G and B are generated by the image pickup elements, and the image signals may be synthesized to obtain a color image. The image pickup unit11402may also be configured so as to have a pair of image pickup elements for acquiring respective image signals for the right eye and the left eye ready for three dimensional (3D) display. If 3D display is performed, then the depth of a living body tissue in a surgical region can be comprehended more accurately by the surgeon11131. It is to be noted that, where the image pickup unit11402is configured as that of stereoscopic type, a plurality of systems of lens units11401are provided corresponding to the individual image pickup elements.

Further, the image pickup unit11402may not necessarily be provided on the camera head11102. For example, the image pickup unit11402may be provided immediately behind the objective lens in the inside of the lens barrel11101.

The driving unit11403includes an actuator and moves the zoom lens and the focusing lens of the lens unit11401by a predetermined distance along an optical axis under the control of the camera head controlling unit11405. Consequently, the magnification and the focal point of a picked up image by the image pickup unit11402can be adjusted suitably.

The communication unit11404includes a communication apparatus for transmitting and receiving various kinds of information to and from the CCU11201. The communication unit11404transmits an image signal acquired from the image pickup unit11402as RAW data to the CCU11201through the transmission cable11400.

In addition, the communication unit11404receives a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head11102from the CCU11201and supplies the control signal to the camera head controlling unit11405. The control signal includes information relating to image pickup conditions such as, for example, information that a frame rate of a picked up image is designated, information that an exposure value upon image picking up is designated and/or information that a magnification and a focal point of a picked up image are designated.

It is to be noted that the image pickup conditions such as the frame rate, exposure value, magnification or focal point may be designated by the user or may be set automatically by the control unit11413of the CCU11201on the basis of an acquired image signal. In the latter case, an auto exposure (AE) function, an auto focus (AF) function and an auto white balance (AWB) function are incorporated in the endoscope11100.

The camera head controlling unit11405controls driving of the camera head11102on the basis of a control signal from the CCU11201received through the communication unit11404.

The communication unit11411includes a communication apparatus for transmitting and receiving various kinds of information to and from the camera head11102. The communication unit11411receives an image signal transmitted thereto from the camera head11102through the transmission cable11400.

Further, the communication unit11411transmits a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head11102to the camera head11102. The image signal and the control signal can be transmitted by electrical communication, optical communication or the like.

The image processing unit11412performs various image processes for an image signal in the form of RAW data transmitted thereto from the camera head11102.

The control unit11413performs various kinds of control relating to image picking up of a surgical region or the like by the endoscope11100and display of a picked up image obtained by image picking up of the surgical region or the like. For example, the control unit11413creates a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head11102.

Further, the control unit11413controls, on the basis of an image signal for which image processes have been performed by the image processing unit11412, the display apparatus11202to display a picked up image in which the surgical region or the like is imaged. Thereupon, the control unit11413may recognize various objects in the picked up image using various image recognition technologies. For example, the control unit11413can recognize a surgical tool such as forceps, a particular living body region, bleeding, mist when the energy device11112is used and so forth by detecting the shape, color and so forth of edges of objects included in a picked up image. The control unit11413may cause, when it controls the display apparatus11202to display a picked up image, various kinds of surgery supporting information to be displayed in an overlapping manner with an image of the surgical region using a result of the recognition. Where surgery supporting information is displayed in an overlapping manner and presented to the surgeon11131, the burden on the surgeon11131can be reduced and the surgeon11131can proceed with the surgery with certainty.

The transmission cable11400which connects the camera head11102and the CCU11201to each other is an electric signal cable ready for communication of an electric signal, an optical fiber ready for optical communication or a composite cable ready for both of electrical and optical communications.

Here, while, in the example depicted, communication is performed by wired communication using the transmission cable11400, the communication between the camera head11102and the CCU11201may be performed by wireless communication.

An example of the endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to the present disclosure is applicable has been described above. The technology according to the present disclosure is applicable, for example, to the endoscope11100, the camera head11102(the image pickup unit11402thereof), the CCU11201(the image processing unit11412thereof) and the like, among the above-described configurations.

Note that the endoscopic surgery system has been described as an example here and the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to other systems, such as a microscopic surgery system, for example.

(F) Example of Application to Moving Body

The technology according to the present disclosure (present technology) is applicable to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be realized as a device to be mounted on any type of moving body such as an automobile, electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, personal mobility, airplane, drone, ship, and robot.

FIG.12is a block diagram depicting an example of schematic configuration of a vehicle control system as an example of a mobile body control system to which the technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.

The vehicle control system12000includes a plurality of electronic control units connected to each other via a communication network12001. In the example depicted inFIG.12, the vehicle control system12000includes a driving system control unit12010, a body system control unit12020, an outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030, an in-vehicle information detecting unit12040, and an integrated control unit12050. In addition, a microcomputer12051, a sound/image output section12052, and a vehicle-mounted network interface (I/F)12053are illustrated as a functional configuration of the integrated control unit12050.

The driving system control unit12010controls the operation of devices related to the driving system of the vehicle in accordance with various kinds of programs. For example, the driving system control unit12010functions as a control device for a driving force generating device for generating the driving force of the vehicle, such as an internal combustion engine, a driving motor, or the like, a driving force transmitting mechanism for transmitting the driving force to wheels, a steering mechanism for adjusting the steering angle of the vehicle, a braking device for generating the braking force of the vehicle, and the like.

The body system control unit12020controls the operation of various kinds of devices provided to a vehicle body in accordance with various kinds of programs. For example, the body system control unit12020functions as a control device for a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or various kinds of lamps such as a headlamp, a backup lamp, a brake lamp, a turn signal, a fog lamp, or the like. In this case, radio waves transmitted from a mobile device as an alternative to a key or signals of various kinds of switches can be input to the body system control unit12020. The body system control unit12020receives these input radio waves or signals, and controls a door lock device, the power window device, the lamps, or the like of the vehicle.

The outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030detects information about the outside of the vehicle including the vehicle control system12000. For example, the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030is connected with an imaging section12031. The outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030makes the imaging section12031image an image of the outside of the vehicle, and receives the imaged image. On the basis of the received image, the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030may perform processing of detecting an object such as a human, a vehicle, an obstacle, a sign, a character on a road surface, or the like, or processing of detecting a distance thereto.

The imaging section12031is an optical sensor that receives light, and which outputs an electric signal corresponding to a received light amount of the light. The imaging section12031can output the electric signal as an image, or can output the electric signal as information about a measured distance. In addition, the light received by the imaging section12031may be visible light, or may be invisible light such as infrared rays or the like.

The in-vehicle information detecting unit12040detects information about the inside of the vehicle. The in-vehicle information detecting unit12040is, for example, connected with a driver state detecting section12041that detects the state of a driver. The driver state detecting section12041, for example, includes a camera that images the driver. On the basis of detection information input from the driver state detecting section12041, the in-vehicle information detecting unit12040may calculate a degree of fatigue of the driver or a degree of concentration of the driver, or may determine whether the driver is dozing.

The microcomputer12051can calculate a control target value for the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, or the braking device on the basis of the information about the inside or outside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030or the in-vehicle information detecting unit12040, and output a control command to the driving system control unit12010. For example, the microcomputer12051can perform cooperative control intended to implement functions of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) which functions include collision avoidance or shock mitigation for the vehicle, following driving based on a following distance, vehicle speed maintaining driving, a warning of collision of the vehicle, a warning of deviation of the vehicle from a lane, or the like.

In addition, the microcomputer12051can perform cooperative control intended for automatic driving, which makes the vehicle to travel autonomously without depending on the operation of the driver, or the like, by controlling the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, the braking device, or the like on the basis of the information about the outside or inside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030or the in-vehicle information detecting unit12040.

In addition, the microcomputer12051can output a control command to the body system control unit12020on the basis of the information about the outside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030. For example, the microcomputer12051can perform cooperative control intended to prevent a glare by controlling the headlamp so as to change from a high beam to a low beam, for example, in accordance with the position of a preceding vehicle or an oncoming vehicle detected by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030.

The sound/image output section12052transmits an output signal of at least one of a sound and an image to an output device capable of visually or auditorily notifying information to an occupant of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle. In the example ofFIG.12, an audio speaker12061, a display section12062, and an instrument panel12063are illustrated as the output device. The display section12062may, for example, include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display.FIG.13is a diagram depicting an example of the installation position of the imaging section12031.

InFIG.13, the imaging section12031includes imaging sections12101,12102,12103,12104, and12105.

The imaging sections12101,12102,12103,12104, and12105are, for example, disposed at positions on a front nose, sideview mirrors, a rear bumper, and a back door of the vehicle12100as well as a position on an upper portion of a windshield within the interior of the vehicle. The imaging section12101provided to the front nose and the imaging section12105provided to the upper portion of the windshield within the interior of the vehicle obtain mainly an image of the front of the vehicle12100. The imaging sections12102and12103provided to the sideview mirrors obtain mainly an image of the sides of the vehicle12100. The imaging section12104provided to the rear bumper or the back door obtains mainly an image of the rear of the vehicle12100. The imaging section12105provided to the upper portion of the windshield within the interior of the vehicle is used mainly to detect a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, a signal, a traffic sign, a lane, or the like.

Incidentally,FIG.13depicts an example of photographing ranges of the imaging sections12101to12104. An imaging range12111represents the imaging range of the imaging section12101provided to the front nose. Imaging ranges12112and12113respectively represent the imaging ranges of the imaging sections12102and12103provided to the sideview mirrors. An imaging range12114represents the imaging range of the imaging section12104provided to the rear bumper or the back door. A bird's-eye image of the vehicle12100as viewed from above is obtained by superimposing image data imaged by the imaging sections12101to12104, for example.

At least one of the imaging sections12101to12104may have a function of obtaining distance information. For example, at least one of the imaging sections12101to12104may be a stereo camera constituted of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.

For example, the microcomputer12051can determine a distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges12111to12114and a temporal change in the distance (relative speed with respect to the vehicle12100) on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging sections12101to12104, and thereby extract, as a preceding vehicle, a nearest three-dimensional object in particular that is present on a traveling path of the vehicle12100and which travels in substantially the same direction as the vehicle12100at a predetermined speed (for example, equal to or more than 0 km/hour). Further, the microcomputer12051can set a following distance to be maintained in front of a preceding vehicle in advance, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control), automatic acceleration control (including following start control), or the like. It is thus possible to perform cooperative control intended for automatic driving that makes the vehicle travel autonomously without depending on the operation of the driver or the like.

For example, the microcomputer12051can classify three-dimensional object data on three-dimensional objects into three-dimensional object data of a two-wheeled vehicle, a standard-sized vehicle, a large-sized vehicle, a pedestrian, a utility pole, and other three-dimensional objects on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging sections12101to12104, extract the classified three-dimensional object data, and use the extracted three-dimensional object data for automatic avoidance of an obstacle. For example, the microcomputer12051identifies obstacles around the vehicle12100as obstacles that the driver of the vehicle12100can recognize visually and obstacles that are difficult for the driver of the vehicle12100to recognize visually. Then, the microcomputer12051determines a collision risk indicating a risk of collision with each obstacle. In a situation in which the collision risk is equal to or higher than a set value and there is thus a possibility of collision, the microcomputer12051outputs a warning to the driver via the audio speaker12061or the display section12062, and performs forced deceleration or avoidance steering via the driving system control unit12010. The microcomputer12051can thereby assist in driving to avoid collision.

At least one of the imaging sections12101to12104may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays. The microcomputer12051can, for example, recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not there is a pedestrian in imaged images of the imaging sections12101to12104. Such recognition of a pedestrian is, for example, performed by a procedure of extracting characteristic points in the imaged images of the imaging sections12101to12104as infrared cameras and a procedure of determining whether or not it is the pedestrian by performing pattern matching processing on a series of characteristic points representing the contour of the object. When the microcomputer12051determines that there is a pedestrian in the imaged images of the imaging sections12101to12104, and thus recognizes the pedestrian, the sound/image output section12052controls the display section12062so that a square contour line for emphasis is displayed so as to be superimposed on the recognized pedestrian. The sound/image output section12052may also control the display section12062so that an icon or the like representing the pedestrian is displayed at a desired position.

An example of the vehicle control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure is applicable has been described hereinabove. The technology according to the present disclosure is applicable, for example, to the imaging section12031, among the above-described configurations.

Note that the present technology is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments and includes configurations obtained by mutually replacing or modifying the combination of the configurations disclosed in the above embodiments, configurations obtained by mutually replacing or modifying the combination of the configurations disclosed in the publicly known art and the above embodiments, and so on. In addition, the technical scope of the present technology is not limited to the above embodiments and includes the matters described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

Besides, the present technology can take the following configurations.

(1)

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method including:a first step of embedding electrodes in insulating layers exposed to joint surfaces of a first substrate and a second substrate;a second step of subjecting the joint surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate to chemical mechanical polishing, to form the electrodes into recesses recessed as compared to the insulating layers;a third step of laminating insulating films of a uniform thickness over the entire joint surfaces;a fourth step of forming an opening by etching in at least part of the insulating films covering the electrodes of the first substrate and the second substrate;a fifth step of causing the corresponding electrodes to face each other and joining the joint surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate to each other; anda sixth step of heating the first substrate and the second substrate joined to each other, causing the electrode material to expand and project through the opening, and joining the corresponding electrodes to each other.
(2)

The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to (1) above, in which

in the fourth step, the openings are formed in a plurality of locations of the insulating film covering the electrode.

(3)

The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to (1) above, in which

in the fourth step, the openings are formed in substantially the entire insulating film covering the electrode.

(4)

The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to (1) above, in which

in the fourth step, the openings are formed in substantially the entire insulating film covering the electrode of the first substrate, and the opening is formed in a partial area of the insulating film covering the electrode of the second substrate.

(5)

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method including:a seventh step of embedding electrodes in insulating layers exposed to joint surfaces of a first substrate and a second substrate;an eighth step of subjecting the joint surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate to chemical mechanical polishing to form the electrodes into projections projecting from the insulating layers;a ninth step of laminating on the joint surface an insulating film in substantially the same thickness as the projection;a tenth step of completely removing by etching the insulating films covering the electrodes; andan eleventh step of causing the corresponding electrodes to face each other and joining the joint surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate to each other.
(6)

A semiconductor device including:a first substrate;a second substrate to be joined to the first substrate;electrodes embedded at facing positions in joint surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, with an electrode surface of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate being formed in a recess more recessed as compared to a surrounding insulating layer; andinsulating films laminated in a uniform thickness along the joint surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, and having openings in at least part of portions covering the electrodes, in which an electrode material swelling via at least one of the openings is joined to an electrode material on the other side.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

10x,10d,10uInsulating layer,20x,20d,20uElectrode,20a,20d,20uaBarrier metal film,20b,20db,20ubsection,21x,21d,21uSwelling portion,30x,30d,30uWiring,40x,40d,40uInsulating film,41x,41d,41uOpening,100Semiconductor device,100dSecond substrate,100uFirst substrate,200Semiconductor device,200xSubstrate,200dSecond substrate,200uFirst substrate,210x,210d,210uInsulating layer,220x,220d,220uElectrode,220a,220da,220uaBarrier metal film,220b,220db,220ubConductive section,221Swelling portion,230Wiring,240x,240d,240uInsulating film,300Semiconductor device, B Projection, C Chamber, D Recess, H, Hd, Hu Through-hole, S, Sd, Su Joint surface