Patent ID: 12201992

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

InFIG.1,1refers to an apparatus for comminution, homogenization, and separation of substance mixtures composed of particles. This apparatus1has a feed region2and a discharge region3.

A conveyor belt4that rises at a slant in the transport direction is disposed in the feed region2, which belt feeds a substance mixture to be separated to a rotating drum5.

For this purpose, the conveyor belt4ends above the rotating drum5, so that the substance mixture impacts the drum5as it falls down at the end of the conveyor belt4.

The conveyor belt4can be structured to be adjustable with regard to its horizontal and/or vertical position and inclination, thereby making it possible for adaptation to different substance mixtures to take place.

Likewise, the drum5is configured to be adjustable with regard to its horizontal and/or vertical position, wherein an adjustment gear mechanism or the like can be provided, thereby making it possible for adjustment to take place even during ongoing operation of the apparatus1.

Substance mixtures that consist of particles, for example composed of slag, flue ash, shredders, shredded residues, household garbage and commercial garbage, both from shredders and from waste dumps, must be separated into the substances contained in them. For this purpose, they are passed onto the rotating drum5by way of the conveyor belt4described above. When the particles impact, they are comminuted once again and thereby homogenized. These comminuted and homogenized particles are accelerated in a predetermined direction, into the discharge region3, by means of the rotating drum5.

In this regard, each particle is given a corresponding impulse by the drum5.

In order to ensure a good impulse transfer and also to keep the scatter angle of the accelerated particles small, striking tools6are provided on the surface of the drum5.

In this regard, these striking tools6can be configured as transverse ribs, for example. However, large and solid striking tools are also conceivable, which are either rigidly connected with the drum5or are mounted in movable manner. Movably mounted striking tools are then set upright by means of the centrifugal force brought about by the drum rotation.

It is practical if the striking tools6are configured to be replaceable, so that they can be exchanged when worn. However, it is also conceivable that the striking tools6are replaced together with the drum5.

The size and shape of the striking tools is determined in accordance with the particles to be processed; above all, this is dependent on their mass and size.

If particles having approximately the same size but different mass now impact the rotating drum5, they are slung away in the direction of the discharge3at different distances, and thereby separated from one another.

For this reason, it is particularly important that the particles are comminuted and homogenized by means of the impact of the particles onto the rotating drum5or the striking tools6. The greater the homogeneity of the particle sizes, the better the separation between the fractions.

In this regard, the drum5rotates forward, so that the impacting particles are immediately accelerated in the direction of the discharge3.

By means of this configuration, very tight scattering of the particles between an opening angle of 10° and 15° is achieved.

In this regard, the drum5can be driven indirectly, for example by an electric motor51, which is disposed in the apparatus1outside of the sorting space and thereby protected against contamination.

Direct drive is also conceivable.

Since no guide devices are provided, the substance mixture to be sorted can also be sticky, as is usual in the case of many types of waste. In this way, adhesion to and piling up on guide devices is prevented.

Adhesion is also prevented on the drum5and on the striking tools6by means of the centrifugal forces that occur.

In the discharge region3, two conveyor belts7and8are provided in this exemplary embodiment, which belts can be configured to be adjustable with regard to their inclination and horizontal and/or vertical position.

However, collection tubs or other suitable devices, which can also be configured to be adjustable, are also conceivable.

The separated fractions accordingly impact the two conveyor belts7and8and are transported away by them and either passed along to further treatment or to collection containers.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first conveyor belt7transports the particles downward, counter to the throwing direction of the drum5, whereas the second conveyor belt8transports the fraction further in the throwing direction and passes it on to a high-speed conveyor belt9.

The particles of the fraction are accelerated on this high-speed conveyor belt9and separated once again.

In this separation stage, a collection container10and a further conveyor belt11are now available as a further collection device. Here, too, adjustability with regard to position and, if a conveyor belt is involved, with regard to inclination is also conceivable.

In this exemplary embodiment, the conveyor belt11holds the particles having low density. This is what is called the light-weight discharge.

Multiple separation steps are conceivable.

Since usual guide devices and baffle plates are eliminated, even sticky material can be separated. This represents a significant advantage as compared with known systems.

In addition, a dust-removal system having a housing31with air discharge32shown inFIG.3can also be provided, which is able to suction off very light particles. For this purpose, an air feed33is disposed in the lower region of the discharge region3, and an air suction system is disposed in the upper region of the discharge region3.

The dust-removal system ensures that the separation stages that are formed are not contaminated by lighter particles. These light particles are suctioned off and can be separated by means of a separator or a filter system34, for example, and then represent a further separation stage.

Conveyor, not shown, or even larger silos and larger collection containers can be provided in order to be able to guarantee at least approximately continuous operation of the apparatus1.

In total, the separation precision and thereby the sorting quality of the apparatus1is very good.