Patent ID: 12261377

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The disclosure will now be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following descriptions of some embodiments are presented herein for purpose of illustration and description only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed.

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, an antenna and a display apparatus that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna includes a ground plate; a dielectric layer on the ground plate; and a microstrip feed line and a radiating patch on a side of the dielectric layer away from the ground plate, the radiating patch being coupled to the microstrip feed line and configured to receive a signal from the microstrip feed line. Optionally, the radiating patch comprises a main body having a parallelogram shape with a first notch truncating a corner of the parallelogram shape, at least a portion of the main body truncated by the first notch having an arc-shaped contour line. Optionally, the radiating patch further comprises a first branch structure.

FIG.1Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.1Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.1A.FIG.1Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.1A.FIG.1Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.1A.FIG.1Eillustrates a parallelogram shape of a main body of an antenna depicted inFIG.1A.FIG.2is a cross-sectional view of along an A-A′ line inFIG.1A. Referring toFIG.1AtoFIG.1E, andFIG.2, the antenna in some embodiments includes a ground plate GP; a dielectric layer DL on the ground plate GP; and a microstrip feed line FL and a radiating patch RP on a side of the dielectric layer DL away from the ground plate GP, the radiating patch RP being coupled to the microstrip feed line FL and configured to receive a signal from the microstrip feed line FL. Optionally, the radiating patch RP includes a main body MB having a parallelogram shape with a first notch nh1truncating a corner of the parallelogram shape, at least a portion of the main body truncated by the first notch nh1having an arc-shaped contour line.

In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a radio-frequency connector SMA configured to receive an external radio-frequency signal. Optionally, the radio-frequency connector SMA is connected to the microstrip feed line FL, and coupled to the radiating patch RP through the microstrip feed line FL.

In some embodiments, the antenna further includes impedance transformation structure TS configured to perform impedance matching. The impedance transformation structure TS connects the microstrip feed line FL to the radiating patch RP.

As shown inFIG.2, in some embodiments, an orthographic projection of the ground plate GP on the dielectric layer DL at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the microstrip feed line FL on the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the orthographic projection of the ground plate GP on the dielectric layer DL covers at least 50% (e.g., at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) of the orthographic projection of the microstrip feed line FL on the dielectric layer DL. In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the ground plate GP on the dielectric layer DL is at least partially non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the impedance transformation structure TS on the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the orthographic projection of the ground plate GP on the dielectric layer DL is at least 50% (e.g., at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) non-overlapping with the orthographic projection of the impedance transformation structure TS on the dielectric layer DL. In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the ground plate GP on the dielectric layer DL is at least partially non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the radiating patch RP on the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the orthographic projection of the ground plate GP on the dielectric layer DL is at least 50% (e.g., at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) non-overlapping with the orthographic projection of the radiating patch RP on the dielectric layer DL.

Referring toFIG.1E, the main body of the radiating patch has a parallelogram shape with a first notch nh1truncating a corner of the parallelogram shape. Various appropriate parallelogram shapes may be implemented in the present radiating patches. In one example, the parallelogram shapes with the notches are rectangles with notches. In another example, the parallelogram shapes with the notches are squares with notches.

The notches may have various appropriate shapes. Examples of appropriate shapes of the notches include a triangular shape, a square shape, a rectangular shape, a L shape, a polygon shape, an irregular polygon shape, and so on. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the main body truncated by the first notch having an arc-shaped contour line ACL. In one example, the first notch has a partial circle shape, and the arc-shaped contour line ACL is a partial circle arc line. In another example, the first notch has a quarter circle shape, and the arc-shaped contour line ACL is a quarter circle arc line.

Referring toFIG.1DandFIG.2, the radiating patch RP in some embodiments further includes a first branch structure BT1. The first branch structure BT1extends from a side of the parallelogram shape that is not truncated by the first notch nh1. Referring toFIG.1D,FIG.1E, andFIG.2, in some embodiments, the first notch nh1truncates a first side S1and a second side S2of the parallelogram shape. The first branch structure BT1extends from a third side S3of the parallelogram shape. The second side S2connects the first side S1to the third side S3.

In some embodiments, the first branch structure BT1extends from a side of the parallelogram shape that is not truncated by the first notch nh1, and is not a side where the impedance transformation structure TS connects to the radiating patch RP. Referring toFIG.1D,FIG.1E, andFIG.2, the first notch nh1truncates a first side S1and a second side S2of the parallelogram shape, the impedance transformation structure TS connects to a fourth side D4of the radiating patch RP, and the first branch structure BT1extends from a third side S3of the parallelogram shape.

In some embodiments, the first branch structure BT1extends from a side opposite to a side truncated by the first notch nh1.FIG.4Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.4Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.4A.FIG.4Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.4A.FIG.4Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.4A.FIG.4Eillustrates a parallelogram shape of a main body of an antenna depicted inFIG.4A. Referring toFIG.1EandFIG.4E, in both examples, the first branch structure BT1extends from the third side S3of the parallelogram shape. The third side S3of the parallelogram shape is not truncated by the first notch nh1. The third side S3is opposite to the first side S1, which is a side that is truncated by the first notch nh1. The structure of the antenna depicted inFIG.1AandFIG.4Adiffer from each other in that the first notch nh1truncates an upper right corner of the parallelogram shape inFIG.1Awhereas the first notch nh1truncates an upper left corner of the parallelogram shape inFIG.4A. The relative position of the first notch nh1and the first branch structure BT1remains the same in bothFIG.1AandFIG.4A.

Referring toFIG.1D, the first branch structure BT1in some embodiments includes a first branch B1connected to the main body MB and a second branch B2connected to the first branch B1. The first branch B1is elongated in a first longitudinal direction DR1; and the second branch B2is elongated in a second longitudinal direction DR2different from the first longitudinal direction DR1. Optionally, the first longitudinal direction DR1is perpendicular to the second longitudinal direction DR2.

Optionally, the first branch structure BT1has a T shape.

In some embodiments, the first longitudinal direction DR1is perpendicular to a side of the main body MB connected to the first branch B1; and the second longitudinal direction DR2is perpendicular to the first longitudinal direction DR1. Referring toFIG.1DandFIG.1E, the second longitudinal direction DR2in one example is parallel to the first side S1or the third side D3, and the first longitudinal direction DR1in one example is parallel to the second side S2or the fourth side S4.

The present antenna is configured to be a right-handed circularly polarized antenna. The inventors of the present disclosure further discover that, surprisingly and unexpectedly, the size, width, length, and/or shape of various components of the antenna are critical in achieving the right-handed circularly polarized bidirectional radiation.

In some embodiments, the parallelogram shape has a length Lm and a width Wm, and the arc-shaped contour line ACL has a radius of r. Optionally, a ratio of the radius r to the width Wm is in a range of 1:4 to 3:4, e.g., 1:4 to 1:3.5, 1:3.5 to 1:3, 1:3 to 1:2.5, 1:2.5 to 1:2, 1:2 to 1:1.5, or 1:1.5 to 3:4. In one example, the ratio of the radius r to the width Wm is 1:2. Optionally, a ratio of the radius r to the length Lm is in a range of 1:6 to 1:2, e.g., 1:6 to 1:5.25, 1:5.25 to 1:4.5, 1:4.5 to 1:3.75, 1:3.75 to 1:3, 1:3 to 1:2.25, or 1:2.25 to 1:2. In one example, the ratio of the radius r to the width Wm is 1:3.

Optionally, the length Lm is in a range of 25 mm to 45 mm, e.g., 25 mm to 30 mm, 30 mm to 35 mm, 35 mm to 40 mm, or 40 mm to 45 mm. In one example, the length Lm is 36 mm. Optionally, the width Wm is in a range of 15 mm to 35 mm, e.g., 15 mm to 20 mm, 20 mm to 25 mm, 25 mm to 30 mm, or 30 mm to 35 mm. In one example, the width Wm is 24 mm. Optionally, the radius r is in a range of 5 mm to 20 mm, e.g., 5 mm to 10 mm, 10 mm to 15 mm, or 15 mm to 20 mm. In one example, the radius r is 12 mm.

In some embodiments, the elongated branch lines of the first branch structure BT1has a width of 0.1 mm to 1.6 mm, e.g., 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm, 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm, 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, 1.0 mm to 1.2 mm, 1.2 mm to 1.4 mm, or 1.4 mm to 1.6 mm. In some example, the elongated branch lines of the first branch structure BT1has a width of 0.5 mm.

Optionally, the first branch B1has a length L1of 1.5 mm to 5.5 mm, e.g., 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm, 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm, 4.5 mm to 5.0 mm, or 5.0 mm to 5.5 mm. In one example, the first branch B1has a length L1of 3.5 mm. Optionally, the second branch B2has a length L2of 10 mm to 40 mm, e.g., 10 mm to 15 mm, 15 mm to 20 mm, 20 mm to 25 mm, 25 mm to 30 mm, 30 mm to 35 mm, or 35 mm to 40 mm. In one example, the second branch B2has a length L2of 24.5 mm.

In some embodiments, a ratio of the length L1to the length L2is in a range of 1:3 to 1:15, e.g., 1:3 to 1:4, 1:4 to 1:5, 1:5 to 1:6, 1:6 to 1:7, 1:7 to 1:8, 1:8 to 1:9, 1:9 to 1:10, 1:10 to 1:11, 1:11 to 1:12, 1:12 to 1:13, 1:13 to 1:14, or 1:14 to 1:15. In one example, the ratio of the length L1to the length L2is 3.5:24.5.

In some embodiments, the microstrip feed line FL has a length Lf and a width Wf. Optionally, the length Lf is in a range of 5 mm to 15 mm, e.g., 5 mm to 10 mm or 10 mm to 15 mm. Optionally, the width Wf is in a range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm to 4.5 mm, or 4.5 mm to 5.5 mm. In one example, the length Lf is 10 mm, and the width Wf is 1.9 mm.

In some embodiments, the impedance transformation structure TS has a trapezoidal shape having a longer side having a width substantially the same as the length Lm, and a shorter side having a width substantially the same as the width Wf. Optionally, the longer side has a width in a range of 25 mm to 45 mm, e.g., 25 mm to 30 mm, 30 mm to 35 mm, 35 mm to 40 mm, or 40 mm to 45 mm. In one example, the longer side has a width of 36 mm. Optionally, the shorter side has a width in a range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm to 4.5 mm, or 4.5 mm to 5.5 mm. In one example, the shorter side has a width of 1.9 mm.

In some embodiments, referring toFIG.1B, the ground plate GP has a length Lg and a width Wg. Optionally, a ratio of the width Wg to the length Lg is in a range of 1:2 to 1:10, e.g., 1:2 to 1:3, 1:3 to 1:4, 1:4 to 1:5, 1:5 to 1:6, 1:6 to 1:7, 1:7 to 1:8, 1:8 to 1:9, or 1:9 to 1:10. In one example, the ratio of the width Wg to the length Lg is 10:48. In another example, the length Lg is 48 mm and the width Wg is 10 mm.

In one example, the dielectric layer DL has a length of 48 mm and a width of 48 mm. In another example, the dielectric layer DL has dk/df value of 4.4/0.02.

In one specific example, the antenna has an overall thickness of 0.014λ0, wherein λ0stands for a wavelength in vacuum of a radiation produced by the antenna.FIG.3Aillustrates an S11 graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.1A. Referring toFIG.3A, the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.33 GHZ to 4.32 GHz.FIG.3Billustrates an axial ratio graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.1A. Referring toFIG.3B, the axial ratio band width at 3 dB ranges from 3.3 GHZ to 3.8 GHZ, covering an entire n78 band. The minimum value of the axial ratio and the corresponding frequency point in the n78 band are 1.6 dB and 3.38 GHZ, respectively.FIG.3Cillustrates a right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane and the H plane at 3.38 GHz obtained in the antenna depicted inFIG.1A. The E plane refers to, for example, a plane orthogonal to the dielectric layer DL inFIG.1A, or the plane extending along a placement direction of the microstrip feed line FL. The H plane refers to a plane orthogonal to the dielectric layer DL and orthogonal to the E plane. Referring toFIG.3C, the peak values of right-handed polarization gains of the E plane and the H plane are both greater than 2 dBi (2.12 dBi and 2.67 dBi, respectively). Due to the asymmetrical structure of the radiating patch in the present antenna, the right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane is asymmetrical, and the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane does not correspond to theta of zero degree. However, the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane at theta of zero degree is 2 dBi, whereas the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane is 2.67 dBi, greater than 2 dBi by at least 0.6 dBi. The present antenna achieves a complete right circular polarization at n78 band.

FIG.5Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.5Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.5A.FIG.5Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.5A.FIG.5Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.5A. Referring toFIG.5AtoFIG.5D, the antenna in some embodiments further includes a first ring-shaped groove GV1extending through the main body MB. As shown inFIG.5D, a virtual extension of the microstrip feed line FL partitions the parallelogram shape PS into two portions including a first portion P1and a second portion P2. The first ring-shaped groove GV1extends through a portion (the first portion P1) of the parallelogram shape PS that is truncated by the first notch. In one example, the first ring-shaped groove GV1has an inside diameter of 3.2 mm and an outside diameter of 4.0 mm. In another example, along the first longitudinal direction DR1, the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from an edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 6 mm. In another example, along the second longitudinal direction DR2, the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from the edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 3 mm.

In one specific example, the antenna has an overall thickness of 0.014λ0, wherein λ0stands for a wavelength in vacuum of a radiation produced by the antenna.FIG.6Aillustrates an S11 graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.5A. Referring toFIG.6A, the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.33 GHZ to 4.32 GHZ.FIG.6Billustrates an axial ratio graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.5A. Referring toFIG.6B, the axial ratio band width at 3 dB ranges from 3.3 GHZ to 3.8 GHZ, covering an entire n78 band. The minimum value of the axial ratio and the corresponding frequency point in the n78 band are 1.6 dB and 3.38 GHz, respectively.FIG.6Cillustrates a right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane and the H plane at 3.38 GHz obtained in the antenna depicted inFIG.5A. Referring toFIG.6C, the peak values of right-handed polarization gains of the E plane and the H plane are both greater than 2 dBi (2.10 dBi and 2.68 dBi, respectively). Due to the asymmetrical structure of the radiating patch in the present antenna, the right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane is asymmetrical, and the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane does not correspond to theta of zero degree. However, the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane at theta of zero degree is 1.96 dBi, whereas the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane is 2.68 dBi, greater than 1.96 dBi by at least 0.61 dBi. The present antenna achieves a complete right circular polarization at n78 band.

The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the performance of the antenna depicted inFIG.5Ais similar to the antenna depicted inFIG.1A, particularly when the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from an edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance in a range of 1 mm to 7 mm, e.g., 1 mm to 2 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm, 3 mm to 4 mm, 4 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 6 mm, or 6 mm to 7 mm.

FIG.7Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.7Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.7A.FIG.7Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.7A.FIG.7Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.7A. Referring toFIG.7AtoFIG.7D, the antenna in some embodiments further includes a second branch structure BT2. Optionally, the first branch structure BT1and the second branch structure BT2are connected to two opposite sides of the main body MB. Optionally, the first branch structure BT1has a T shape, and the second branch structure BT2has a L shape.

Referring toFIG.7D, the first branch structure BT1in some embodiments includes a first branch B1connected to the main body MB and a second branch B2connected to the first branch B1. The second branch structure BT2in some embodiments includes a third branch B3connected to the main body MB and a fourth branch B4connected to the third branch B3. Optionally, the first branch B1and the third branch B3are elongated in a first longitudinal direction DR1; and the second branch B2and the fourth branch B4are elongated in a second longitudinal direction DR2different from the first longitudinal direction DR1. Optionally, the first longitudinal direction DR1is perpendicular to the second longitudinal direction DR2.

In some embodiments, the elongated branch lines of the first branch structure BT1or the second branch structure BT2has a width of 0.1 mm to 1.6 mm, e.g., 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm, 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm, 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, 1.0 mm to 1.2 mm, 1.2 mm to 1.4 mm, or 1.4 mm to 1.6 mm. In some example, the elongated branch lines of the first branch structure BT1or the second branch structure BT2has a width of 0.5 mm.

Optionally, the first branch B1has a length L1of 1.5 mm to 5.5 mm, e.g., 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm, 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm, 4.5 mm to 5.0 mm, or 5.0 mm to 5.5 mm. In one example, the first branch B1has a length L1of 3.5 mm. Optionally, the second branch B2has a length L2of 10 mm to 40 mm, e.g., 10 mm to 15 mm, 15 mm to 20 mm, 20 mm to 25 mm, 25 mm to 30 mm, 30 mm to 35 mm, or 35 mm to 40 mm. In one example, the second branch B2has a length L2of 24.5 mm.

Optionally, the third branch B3has a length L3of 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm, e.g., 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm, 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm, or 4.5 mm to 5.0 mm. In one example, the third branch B3has a length L3of 3.0 mm. Optionally, the fourth branch B4has a length L4of 0.5 mm to 4.5 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm, or 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm. In one example, the fourth branch B4has a length L4of 2.5 mm.

In some embodiments, a ratio of the length L1to the length L2is in a range of 1:3 to 1:15, e.g., 1:3 to 1:4, 1:4 to 1:5, 1:5 to 1:6, 1:6 to 1:7, 1:7 to 1:8, 1:8 to 1:9, 1:9 to 1:10, 1:10 to 1:11, 1:11 to 1:12, 1:12 to 1:13, 1:13 to 1:14, or 1:14 to 1:15. In one example, the ratio of the length L1to the length L2is 3.5:24.5. In some embodiments, a ratio of the length L3to the length L4is in a range of 3:0.5 to 3:12.5, e.g., 3:0.5 to 3:1.5, 3:1.5 to 3:2.5, 3:2.5 to 3:3.5, 3:3.5 to 3:4.5, 3:4.5 to 3:5.5, 3:5.5 to 3:6.5, 3:6.5 to 3:7.5, 3:7.5 to 3:8.5, 3:8.5 to 3:9.5, 3:9.5 to 3:10.5, 3:10.5 to 3:11.5, or 3:11.5 to 3:12.5. In one example, the ratio of the length L3to the length L4is 3:2.5.

In some embodiments, a ratio of the length L4to the length L2is in a range of 1:5 to 1:15, e.g., 1:5 to 1:6, 1:6 to 1:7, 1:7 to 1:8, 1:8 to 1:9, 1:9 to 1:10, 1:10 to 1:11, 1:11 to 1:12, 1:12 to 1:13, 1:13 to 1:14, or 1:14 to 1:15. In one example, the ratio of the length L4to the length L2is 2.5:24.5.

In one specific example, the antenna has an overall thickness of 0.014λ0, wherein λ0stands for a wavelength in vacuum of a radiation produced by the antenna.FIG.8Aillustrates an S11 graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.7A. Referring toFIG.8A, the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.35 GHz to 4.31 GHz.FIG.8Billustrates an axial ratio graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.7A. Referring toFIG.8B, the axial ratio band width at 3 dB ranges from 3.3 GHZ to 3.8 GHZ, covering an entire n78 band. The minimum value of the axial ratio and the corresponding frequency point in the n78 band are 1.4 dB and 3.35 GHZ, respectively.FIG.8Cillustrates a right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane and the H plane at 3.35 GHz obtained in the antenna depicted inFIG.7A. Referring toFIG.8C, the peak values of right-handed polarization gains of the E plane and the H plane are both greater than 2 dBi (2.02 dBi and 2.76 dBi, respectively). Due to the asymmetrical structure of the radiating patch in the present antenna, the right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane is asymmetrical, and the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane does not correspond to theta of zero degree. However, the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane at theta of zero degree is 2.0 dBi, whereas the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane is 2.76 dBi, greater than 2 dBi by at least 0.76 dBi. The present antenna achieves a complete right circular polarization at n78 band.

The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the performance of the antenna depicted inFIG.7Ais similar to the antenna depicted inFIG.1A, particularly when the length L4is in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm, e.g., 1 mm to 2 mm or 2 mm to 3 mm.

FIG.9Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.9Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.9A.FIG.9Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.9A.FIG.9Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.9A. Referring toFIG.9AtoFIG.9D, the antenna in some embodiments further includes a second ring-shaped groove GV2extending through the main body MB. As shown inFIG.9D, a virtual extension of the microstrip feed line FL partitions the parallelogram shape PS into two portions including a first portion P1and a second portion P2. The first ring-shaped groove GV1extends through a portion (the first portion P1) of the parallelogram shape PS that is truncated by the first notch. The second ring-shaped groove GV2extends through a portion (the second portion P2) of the parallelogram shape PS, the second portion P2different from the first portion P1. Optionally, the second portion P2is a portion that is not truncated by the first notch. In one example, the first ring-shaped groove GV1has an inside diameter of 3.2 mm and an outside diameter of 4.0 mm. In another example, the second ring-shaped groove GV2has an inside diameter of 3.2 mm and an outside diameter of 4.0 mm. In another example, along the first longitudinal direction DR1, the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from an edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 3 mm. In another example, along the second longitudinal direction DR2, the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from the edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 3 mm. In another example, along the first longitudinal direction DR1, the second ring-shaped groove GV2is spaced apart from the edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 3 mm. In another example, along the second longitudinal direction DR2, the second ring-shaped groove GV2is spaced apart from the edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 3 mm.

In one specific example, the antenna has an overall thickness of 0.014λ0, wherein λ0stands for a wavelength in vacuum of a radiation produced by the antenna.FIG.10Aillustrates an S11 graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.9A. Referring toFIG.10A, the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.33 GHZ to 4.32 GHZ.FIG.10Billustrates an axial ratio graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.9A. Referring toFIG.10B, the axial ratio band width at 3 dB ranges from 3.3 GHZ to 3.8 GHZ, covering an entire n78 band. The minimum value of the axial ratio and the corresponding frequency point in the n78 band are 1.6 dB and 3.38 GHz, respectively.FIG.10Cillustrates a right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane and the H plane at 3.38 GHz obtained in the antenna depicted inFIG.9A. Referring toFIG.10C, the peak values of right-handed polarization gains of the E plane and the H plane are both greater than 2 dBi (2.10 dBi and 2.67 dBi, respectively). Due to the asymmetrical structure of the radiating patch in the present antenna, the right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane is asymmetrical, and the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane does not correspond to theta of zero degree. However, the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane at theta of zero degree is 1.96 dBi, whereas the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane is 2.67 dBi, greater than 1.96 dBi by at least 0.761 dBi. The present antenna achieves a complete right circular polarization at n78 band.

The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the performance of the antenna depicted inFIG.9Ais similar to the antenna depicted inFIG.1A, particularly when the first ring-shaped groove GV1or the second ring-shaped groove GV2is spaced apart from an edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance in a range of 1 mm to 7 mm, e.g., 1 mm to 2 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm, 3 mm to 4 mm, 4 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 6 mm, or 6 mm to 7 mm.

FIG.11Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.11Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.11A.FIG.11Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.11A.FIG.11Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.11A.FIG.11Eillustrates a parallelogram shape of a main body of an antenna depicted inFIG.11A. Referring toFIG.11AtoFIG.11E, the main body MB in some embodiments has the parallelogram shape with the first notch nh1truncating a first corner of the parallelogram shape, and a second notch nh2truncating a second corner of the parallelogram shape. Optionally, the first corner and the second corner are opposite to each other. Optionally, at least a portion of the main body truncated by the first notch nh1having an arc-shaped contour line ACL. Optionally, the second notch nh2has a triangular shape.

Referring toFIG.11E, in some embodiments, the first notch nh1truncates a first side S1and a second side S2of the parallelogram shape. The first branch structure BT1extends from a third side S3of the parallelogram shape. The second side S2connects the first side S1to the third side S3. The second notch nh2truncates the third side S3and the fourth side S4of the parallelogram shape. The first notch nh1truncates the first side S1and the second side S2of the parallelogram shape.

Referring toFIG.11D, the first branch structure BT1in some embodiments includes a first branch B1connected to the main body MB and a second branch B2connected to the first branch B1. The first branch B1is elongated in a first longitudinal direction DR1; and the second branch B2is elongated in a second longitudinal direction DR2different from the first longitudinal direction DR1. Optionally, the first longitudinal direction DR1is perpendicular to the second longitudinal direction DR2. In some embodiments, the first longitudinal direction DR1is perpendicular to a side of the main body MB connected to the first branch B1; and the second longitudinal direction DR2is perpendicular to the first longitudinal direction DR1.

In some embodiments, the first branch structure BT1has a L shape. Referring toFIG.11DandFIG.11E, the second branch B2extends away from the first branch B1along the second longitudinal direction DR2from the second side S2toward the fourth side S4. In one example, the second longitudinal direction DR2is parallel to the first side S1or the third side S3, and the first longitudinal direction DR1in one example is parallel to the second side S2or the fourth side S4.

In some embodiments, the first branch B1has a length L1of 1.5 mm to 5.5 mm, e.g., 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm, 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm, 4.5 mm to 5.0 mm, or 5.0 mm to 5.5 mm. In one example, the first branch B1has a length L1of 3.5 mm. Optionally, the second branch B2has a length L2of 5 mm to 30 mm, e.g., 5 mm to 10 mm, 10 mm to 15 mm, 15 mm to 20 mm, 20 mm to 25 mm, or 25 mm to 30 mm. In one example, the second branch B2has a length L2of 12.5 mm.

In some embodiments, a ratio of the length L1to the length L2is in a range of 2:3 to 2:15, e.g., 2:3 to 1:2, 1:2 to 2:5, 2:5 to 1:3, 1:3 to 2:7, 2:7 to 1:4, 1:4 to 2:9, 2:9 to 1:5, 1:5 to 2:11, 2:11 to 1:6, 1:6 to 2:13, 2:13 to 1:7, or 1:7 to 2:15. In one example, the ratio of the length L1to the length L2is 3.5:12.5.

In some embodiments, at least a portion of the main body truncated by the first notch nh1having an arc-shaped contour line ACL. In one example, the first notch nh1has a partial circle shape, and the arc-shaped contour line ACL is a partial circle arc line. In another example, the first notch nh1has a quarter circle shape, and the arc-shaped contour line ACL is a quarter circle arc line. In some embodiments, the arc-shaped contour line ACL has a radius of r.

In some embodiments, at least a portion of the main body truncated by the second notch nh2having a straight contour line SCL connecting two sides (e.g., S3and S4) of the parallelogram shape PS. In one example, the second notch nh2has a triangular shape. In some embodiments, the straight contour line SCL has a length lt.

In some embodiments, a ratio of the length lt to the radius r is in a range of 1:2 to 1:8. e.g., 1:2 to 1:3, 1:3 to 1:4, 1:4 to 1:5, 1:5 to 1:6, 1:6 to 1:7, or 1:7 to 1:8. In one example, the ratio of the length lt to the radius r is 3.2:12. In one example, the radius r is 12 mm. In another example, the length lt is 3.2 mm.

In some embodiments, a ratio of the length lt to the length L2is in a range of 1:2 to 1:8, e.g., 1:2 to 1:3, 1:3 to 1:4, 1:4 to 1:5, 1:5 to 1:6, 1:6 to 1:7, or 1:7 to 1:8. In one example, the ratio of the length L2to the radius r is 3.2:12. In one example, the length L2is 12.5 mm. In another example, the length lt is 3.2 mm.

In one specific example, the antenna has an overall thickness of 0.014λ0, wherein λ0stands for a wavelength in vacuum of a radiation produced by the antenna.FIG.12Aillustrates an S11 graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.11A. Referring toFIG.12A, the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.38 GHz to 4.52 GHz.FIG.12Billustrates an axial ratio graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.11A. Referring toFIG.12B, the axial ratio band width at 3 dB ranges from 3.26 GHz to 3.78 GHZ, covering an entire n78 band. The minimum value of the axial ratio and the corresponding frequency point in the n78 band are 1.6 dB and 3.59 GHZ, respectively.FIG.12Cillustrates a right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane and the H plane at 3.59 GHz obtained in the antenna depicted inFIG.11A. Referring toFIG.12C, the peak values of right-handed polarization gains of the E plane and the H plane are 2.36 dBi and 0.8 dBi, respectively. Due to the asymmetrical structure of the radiating patch in the present antenna, the right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane is asymmetrical, and the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane does not correspond to theta of zero degree. However, the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane at theta of zero degree is 0.66 dBi, whereas the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane is 2.36 dBi, greater than 0.66 dBi by at least 1.7 dBi. The present antenna achieves a complete right circular polarization at n78 band.

The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the performance of the antenna depicted inFIG.11Ais similar to the antenna depicted inFIG.1A, particularly when the length lt of the straight contour line SCL as a result of truncating by the second notch nh2is in a range of 1.4 mm to 4.2 mm, e.g., 1.4 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm, or 3.5 mm to 4.2 mm.

FIG.13Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.13Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.13A.FIG.13Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.13A.FIG.13Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.13A. As compared to the antenna depicted inFIG.11A, the antenna depicted inFIG.13Afurther includes a first ring-shaped groove GV1extending through the main body MB. As shown inFIG.13D, a virtual extension of the microstrip feed line FL partitions the parallelogram shape PS into two portions including a first portion P1and a second portion P2. The first ring-shaped groove GV1extends through a portion (the first portion P1) of the parallelogram shape PS that is truncated by the first notch nh1. In one example, the first ring-shaped groove GV1has an inside diameter of 3.2 mm and an outside diameter of 4.0 mm. In another example, along the first longitudinal direction DR1, the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from an edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 3 mm. In another example, along the second longitudinal direction DR2, the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from the edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance of 3 mm.

In one specific example, the antenna has an overall thickness of 0.014λ0, wherein λ0stands for a wavelength in vacuum of a radiation produced by the antenna.FIG.14Aillustrates an S11 graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.13A. Referring toFIG.14A, the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.36 GHz to 4.53 GHZ.FIG.14Billustrates an axial ratio graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.13A. Referring toFIG.14B, the axial ratio band width at 3 dB ranges from 3.28 GHz to 3.78 GHZ, covering an entire n78 band. The minimum value of the axial ratio and the corresponding frequency point in the n78 band are 1.7 dB and 3.59 GHZ, respectively.FIG.14Cillustrates a right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane and the H plane at 3.59 GHz obtained in the antenna depicted inFIG.13A. Referring toFIG.14C, the peak values of right-handed polarization gains of the E plane and the H plane are 2.27 dBi and 0.7 dBi, respectively. Due to the asymmetrical structure of the radiating patch in the present antenna, the right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane is asymmetrical, and the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane does not correspond to theta of zero degree. However, the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane at theta of zero degree is 0.48 dBi, whereas the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane is 2.27 dBi, greater than 0.48 dBi by at least 1.8 dBi. The present antenna achieves a complete right circular polarization at n78 band.

The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the performance of the antenna depicted inFIG.13Ais similar to the antenna depicted inFIG.11A, particularly when the first ring-shaped groove GV1is spaced apart from an edge of the unitary structure comprising the radiating plate RP and the impedance transformation structure TS by a distance in a range of 1 mm to 7 mm, e.g., 1 mm to 2 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm, 3 mm to 4 mm, 4 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 6 mm, or 6 mm to 7 mm.

FIG.15Ais a plan view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.FIG.15Billustrates the structure of a ground plate in an antenna depicted inFIG.15A.FIG.15Cillustrates the structure of a dielectric layer in an antenna depicted inFIG.15A.FIG.15Dillustrates the structure of a radiating patch, a microstrip feed line, and an impedance transformation structure in an antenna depicted inFIG.15A. As compared to the antenna depicted inFIG.13A, the antenna depicted inFIG.15Adoes not have a second notch nh2.

In one specific example, the antenna has an overall thickness of 0.014λ0, wherein λ0stands for a wavelength in vacuum of a radiation produced by the antenna.FIG.16Aillustrates an S11 graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.15A. Referring toFIG.16A, the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.35 GHz to 4.41 GHZ.FIG.16Billustrates an axial ratio graph of the antenna depicted inFIG.15A. Referring toFIG.16B, the axial ratio band width at 3 dB ranges from 3.27 GHz to 3.74 GHZ, covering an entire n78 band. The minimum value of the axial ratio and the corresponding frequency point in the n78 band are 1.6 dB and 3.55 GHZ, respectively.FIG.16Cillustrates a right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane and the H plane at 3.55 GHz obtained in the antenna depicted inFIG.15A. Referring toFIG.16C, the peak values of right-handed polarization gains of the E plane and the H plane are 2.37 dBi and 0.87 dBi, respectively. Due to the asymmetrical structure of the radiating patch in the present antenna, the right-handed polarization gain curve of the E plane is asymmetrical, and the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane does not correspond to theta of zero degree. However, the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane at theta of zero degree is 0.67 dBi, whereas the peak value of the right-handed polarization gain of the E plane is 2.37 dBi, greater than 0.67 dBi by at least 1.7 dBi. The present antenna achieves a complete right circular polarization at n78 band.

The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the performance of the antenna depicted inFIG.15Ais similar to the antenna depicted inFIG.13A.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provide an electronic apparatus. In some embodiments, the electronic apparatus includes an antenna described herein, and one or more circuits. In one example, the electronic apparatus is a display apparatus. In some embodiments, the display apparatus includes a display panel and an antenna described herein connected to the display panel. Examples of appropriate display apparatuses include, but are not limited to, an electronic paper, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a monitor, a notebook computer, a digital album, a GPS, etc.

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form or to exemplary embodiments disclosed. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its best mode practical application, thereby to enable persons skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use or implementation contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents in which all terms are meant in their broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated. Therefore, the term “the invention”, “the present invention” or the like does not necessarily limit the claim scope to a specific embodiment, and the reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention does not imply a limitation on the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The invention is limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Moreover, these claims may refer to use “first”, “second”, etc. following with noun or element. Such terms should be understood as a nomenclature and should not be construed as giving the limitation on the number of the elements modified by such nomenclature unless specific number has been given. Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated that variations may be made in the embodiments described by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. Moreover, no element and component in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element or component is explicitly recited in the following claims.