Patent ID: 12239511

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the invention provide an insert for a garment for assisting with management of body fluid discharged by a wearer. The management of body fluid provided by the insert may include, for example, absorbing, containing, retaining, and/or concealing discharged body fluid, acting as a dam or providing a sand-bag type effect so as to block or obstruct the progression of discharged body fluid to an external layer of the garment. The management of body fluid may also include minimising odour from body fluids that are retained by the insert. The insert and/or a garment including same may be utilised, for example, in the management/capture of discharged menstruation fluid or urine. Typically, the insert and any garments including same are launderable i.e. made from fabrics/materials that can be washed dried and worn again without any significant deterioration to the absorptive and/or leakproof functionality of the insert/garment. That is, the insert and garments including same are typically not disposable or ‘single use’ type products. Also, in preferred forms, the insert is constructed without the use of potentially harmful/toxic adhesive/glues, or any heat fusing processes. In further preferred forms, the insert utilises natural fibres with inherent/natural antibacterial properties, rather than the inclusion of synthetic antibacterial compositions.

Inserts may be shaped/configured for any type of garment or clothing article. Garments may include overgarments and undergarments. For example, inserts may be configured for and implemented in undergarments to be worn under other clothes, in contact with the wearer's skin, such as briefs, underpants, knickers, a nappy, a singlet, or brassieres. In other examples, insert may be implemented in a swimming costume or swimsuit. In other examples, inserts may be implemented in overgarments likes pants, tights or short pants.

Accordingly, it will be appreciated that insert may be shaped and sized depending on the kind of garment in which it is implemented, and area of the garment in which leak protection required. Body fluid managed by the insert or garment including same may therefore be any kind of liquid or flowable material produced and released/discharged or excreted by the wearer's body, including menstruation discharge, blood, urine, flowable faecal matter, sweat, perspiration, lactation discharge, or milk. The kind of body fluid managed by the insert typically depends on the type of garment in which the insert it is implemented and where insert is located on the wearer's body.

The insert comprises a liquid barrier layer having a wearer-facing side and an absorbent layer disposed adjacent to the wearer-facing side of the liquid barrier layer. The absorbent layer covers a portion of the wearer-facing side of the liquid barrier layer but leaves at least a portion of a peripheral region of the wearer-facing side uncovered. By leaving a portion of the wearer-facing side of the liquid barrier layer uncovered, any fluid discharge (e.g. menstruation fluid) which escapes the absorbent layer to that portion of the peripheral region is more exposed to air flow, and may solidify (or partially solidify, for example, by forming a gel, etc.) or dry more quickly. Once dried, solidified, or partially solidified, the discharge (e.g. menstruation fluid) may enhance fluid management capability of the insert/garment, by providing a supplementary naturally forming seal or barrier.

In some examples, the portion of the peripheral region of the liquid barrier layer that is left uncovered by the absorbent layer adjacent thereto extends along the whole perimeter of the wearer-facing side of the liquid barrier layer. In other examples, the portion of the peripheral region of the liquid barrier layer that is left uncovered by the absorbent layer adjacent thereto extends along one or more portions of the perimeter of the wearer-facing side of the liquid barrier layer. For example, in the case of a leak proof insert configured for location at a crotch region of an undergarment for use in menstruation management, the uncovered peripheral region may extend only along the lateral sides of the insert/crotch region of the garment (i.e. adjacent the thighs of a wearer when worn) or all the way around the insert.

Typically, the liquid barrier layer is substantially liquid-impermeable, so as to substantially block or impede the passage of liquid therethrough. It will be appreciated that in some cases the liquid barrier layer may be strictly liquid impermeable so that passage of liquid is completely prohibited. In other cases, the liquid barrier layer may substantially block or impede liquid passage therethrough allowing passage of only a negligible amount liquid when compared to the amount blocked. The liquid barrier layer (and remainder of the insert) is typically breathable (i.e. permitting moisture vapour transmission) and/or air permeable to improve comfort for the wearer.

In some examples, the liquid barrier layer comprises a polymer film layer, and a fabric layer. In some examples, the polymer film layer is typically waterproof and breathable, and in some examples, comprises a polyurethane membrane. In some examples, the polymer film layer has a thickness of less than about 0.02 mm. The fabric layer may have some fluid absorbing capability and is typically a knitted or woven fabric, such as, for example, a polyester knit fabric.

The absorbent layer is typically configured to absorb, diffuse, and/or wick liquid. In some examples, the absorbent layer comprises a microfibre fabric layer. In some examples, the microfibre fabric comprises polyester and polyamide fibres. In some examples, the absorbent layer has linear mass density in the range from about 0.45 denier to about 1.20 denier. In some preferred examples, the absorbent layer comprises bamboo or a blend of bamboo and cotton.

In some examples, the absorbent layer comprising bamboo or a blend of bamboo and cotton has a fabric weight in the range from about 250 to about 400 grams per square metre. Including cotton typically provides improved breathability. In some examples, the absorbent layer is formed of inherently antibacterial materials which have not been chemically treated.

As would be appreciated, the absorbent layer also has a wearer-facing side. In some examples, the absorbent layer is the first of a plurality of absorbent layers of the insert, the other of the plurality of absorbent layers being stacked outwardly from the wearer-facing side of the first absorbent layer. In some examples, at least one of the plurality of absorbent layers, being one that has a neighbouring absorbent layer at its wearer-facing side, has a portion of a peripheral region of its wearer-facing side not covered by the neighbouring absorbent layer. In some examples, each absorbent layer that has a neighbouring absorbent layer at its wearer-facing side has a portion of a peripheral region of its wearer-facing side not covered by the neighbouring absorbent layer. It will be appreciated that the absorbent layer furthest from the liquid barrier layer does not have a neighbouring absorbent layer at its wearer-facing side and its wearer-facing side is therefore not covered by any absorbent layer.

In the same way escaped fluid discharge may dry/solidify more readily at any exposed peripheral portion of the liquid barrier layer, it may also dry/solidify more quickly at the uncovered peripheral portions of the absorbent layers, to thereby promote the formation of a supplementary seal or barrier in these areas too. Again, this may further enhance the fluid management capabilities of the insert and/or garment including same. Furthermore, the uncovered peripheral regions of each absorbent layer may extend all the way around that layer, or just along one or more portions of the periphery. In the case of a leak proof insert configured for location at a crotch region of an undergarment garment for use in menstruation management, the uncovered peripheral regions of each absorbent layer may extend along the lateral sides of the insert (i.e. adjacent the thighs of a wearer when worn) thereby providing a stepped narrowing or tapering of absorbent layers, with each absorbent layer (in the direction of the wearer) decreasing in width. This has the added benefit of being less bulky for the wearer, and minimising chaffing at the inner thighs.

Having more absorbent layers increases the absorption capacity of the insert. For instances of significant fluid discharge, such as when applied for heavy flow bleeding during menstruation (i.e. >25 ml), 2 or more absorbent layers are typically preferred.

The liquid barrier layer may also be the first of a plurality of liquid barrier layers of the insert, the other of the plurality of liquid barrier layers being stacked outwardly from an out-facing side of the first liquid barrier layer that is opposite the wearer-facing side. Preferably the insert includes at least two liquid barrier layers. For instances of significant fluid discharge, such as heavy flow bleeding during menstruation, 3 or more layers may be suitable.

In one particular example, the insert may comprise a second and third liquid barrier layer. The second liquid barrier layer typically being sandwiched between the first and third liquid barrier layer. The second liquid barrier layer may have a smaller size (or cover a smaller surface area) than the first and third liquid barrier layers such that a space is provided between the first and third liquid barrier layers at a portion of a peripheral region thereof into which the second liquid barrier layer does not extend.

It will be appreciated that the number of liquid barrier layers is selected in accordance with the application for the insert/garment, with more liquid barrier layers improving leak prevention and less typically providing improved breathability and/or air permeability to improve comfort for the wearer.

Alternatively or additionally to the leak prevention/fluid management constructions described above, leak prevention may be facilitated by the layer arrangement/orientation of the liquid barrier layers. In particular, providing two (or more) liquid barrier layers provides improved leak prevention performance. Typically, each liquid barrier layer comprises a polymer film layer and a fabric layer. In such cases, having two liquid barrier layers which are arranged such that the fabric layers thereof face one another provides especially improved leak prevention performance. Furthermore, the liquid barrier layers are typically arranged to permit airflow therebetween, which encourages any liquid received therebetween to more readily dry/solidify, instead of flowing to the peripheries to escape.

In one example, the insert is shaped to conform to a crotch region of underpants or the like, the insert comprising a middle section configured to be located between the thighs of the wearer, and front and rear sections extending from the middle section. The width between lateral sides of the middle section is typically smaller for the absorbent layer(s) than for the liquid barrier layer(s) exposing peripheral regions of the first or initial liquid barrier layer at the wearer facing side thereof. In addition, the width between lateral sides of the middle section also decreases progressively for each absorbent layer in the direction toward the wearer. This provides a stepped/pyramidal type stacking of the layers, such that the width at the middle section narrows or tapers with each layer towards the wearer. In addition to contributing to the leak proof functionality of the underpants, this stepped/pyramidal type structure at the middle section reduces bulkiness, chaffing and skin irritation between the thighs of wearer of the underpants.

In other examples, the insert may be shaped to conform to an armpit region of an upper body undergarment, or to a cup of a brassiere.

Generally, some or all of layers of the insert are secured together by stitching, and a leakproof sealant (typically non-toxic) may be applied over any stitching holes if required. The use of stitching, as opposed to adhesives or heat fusing of the layers, negates the need for the inclusion of chemicals/compositions that may become harmful/toxic to the wearer. In some examples, no adhesives are used for securement of the layers. In some examples, only stitching is used. It will be appreciated that in some examples adhesives may be used, but these are typically implemented only when they do not have a risk harming the user (e.g. when their composition is inherently non harmful/non-toxic). For securement within a garment, the insert is also typically stitched, typically around its outer peripheral edge.

The location of the stitching between the one or more absorbent layers, and initial liquid barrier layer (i.e that which is adjacent the absorbent layers) is also typically such that it contributes to the leakproof functionality of the insert (or garment including same). Typically, the stitching between the one or more absorbent layer/s and the initial liquid barrier layer is or is mostly spaced from the peripheral edges of the liquid barrier layer (preferably by at least about 15 mm). This provides that any seepage through the stitching is distanced from the edges of the insert, and less likely to flow to the edges, where there is typically a higher risk of leakage. For example, when the insert is configured for the crotch region of an undergarment, stitching of the absorbent layer(s) to the initial liquid barrier layer is typically inset at least from the lateral sides of the middle section of the insert, such that any seepage therethrough is distanced from the leg openings of the garment (where the liquid barrier layer(s) is/are typically stitched to the garment and where there is accordingly a higher risk of leakage). In some cases, in the middle section, the stitching may travel along the side peripheries of one or more of the absorbent layers, which are inset from the side edges of the liquid barrier layer.

Furthermore, in the instance where there may be multiple liquid barrier layers, the stitching of the absorbent layers is generally only to the initial liquid barrier, and does not puncture/penetrate the second liquid barrier layer onwards. This avoids any seepage via stitching through all the liquid barrier layers, with any seepage/liquid typically contained between the first and second liquid barrier layers. However, in certain forms, such as those designed for heavy flow/bleeding during menstruation (e.g. >25 ml), which may have three liquid barrier layers or more, the stitching may penetrate more of the liquid barrier layers such that the insert/garment is more robust. However, it will be appreciated the stitching from the absorbent layers will never penetrate the ultimate or bottom liquid barrier layer. For example, in a form with three liquid barrier layers, the stitching may penetrate the first two liquid barrier layers, but not the third outermost liquid barrier layer.

It will be appreciated that embodiments of the invention are also provided by garments including the inserts as described herein. Such garments may be, for example, underpants, shirts, singlets, pants, short pants, nappies, or brassieres. It will be appreciated that the insert is typically positioned between two fabric layers of the garment. The two fabric layers typically being an inner fabric layer and an outer fabric layer, the inner fabric layer being interposed between the outer fabric layer and the body of a wearer of the garment when the garment is worn. It will be appreciated that the absorbent layer(s) is/are typically disposed at the inner fabric layer-facing side of the insert and the liquid barrier layer(s) is/are typically disposed at the outer fabric layer facing side of the insert.

When embodied in an undergarment, the inner layer is typically located against the wearers skin, and is thus also typically configured to be moisture wicking so as to facilitate fluid/liquid transfer to the absorbent layers keeping the wearer dry and comfortable. Also, as the one or more absorbent layer/s essentially space the inner fabric layer of the garment from the initial liquid barrier layer, there is typically reduced or limited contact between the inner fabric layer and the uncovered peripheral regions of the liquid barrier layer, such that discharged fluid transfer directly to the liquid barrier layer is not facilitated. Instead, discharged fluid is preferentially drawn into the top-most absorbent layer, which has high absorptive properties and is in direct contact with the inner fabric layer. Furthermore as some or all of the top most absorbent layer is typically inset from the edges of the liquid barrier layer (s), it helps to pull or draw discharged fluid away from the edges of the insert, again minimising the risk of leakage and contributing to the leak proof functionality of the garment.

In other forms, the insert may be positioned on or adjacent to a wearer-facing side of a fabric layer of the garment, which is the sole fabric layer of the garment, or the innermost layer of the garment (i.e. the layer of the garment configured to be disposed nearest to the wearer's body when the garment is worn). In this way, no other fabric layer of the garment is located between the wearer's body and the insert. For example, in cases in which the garment comprises a single, or no more than one, fabric layer, the insert may be disposed on the wearer-facing side of that fabric layer. In such cases, the insert may comprise an additional top cover layer, over the absorbent layers, that is configured as a fluid acquisition layer to wick discharged liquid into the absorbent layers, where it is to be retained. The top cover layer may for example be formed of inherently antibacterial materials which have not been chemically treated.

It will be appreciated that that when implemented in a garment, the insert may not be an ‘insert’ as such, but integrally and irremovably formed/manufactured within the garment at an area thereof that requires leakproof capability. It will also be appreciated that whilst the inserts and garments including same as described herein are typically configured to be launderable/non-disposable products, in some forms, the inserts and garments including same as described herein (or any aspects thereof) may be embodied in or adapted as/for a disposable type product.

Some particular examples of the inserts and garments including same are now described with reference to the figures.

FIG.1to17illustrate schematic cross sections of inserts according to the invention at a crotch region or gusset between leg openings of an undergarment. A general indication as to the location of the cross sections is illustrated by lines A-A ofFIGS.43and44, which illustrate a typical underpants shape, and an example insert that may be located within same. Whilst the cross sections shown inFIG.1to17are cross sections representative of a crotch region or gusset of undergarment, it will be appreciated that the layer arrangements and stepped edge profiles of the inserts as shown, may be implemented in other garments or garment areas to assist with leak prevention at other areas of the body (such as, for example, when an insert is configured for a bra cup etc.).FIGS.19to25illustrate top views of example shapes of inserts configured for the crotch region, which typically include a front and rear section, and a middle section therebetween that has concave sides to accommodate the thighs of the wearer.

FIG.1illustrates a cross section of a crotch region of an undergarment100comprising an example insert110for managing body fluid, e.g. blood or urine, discharged by the wearer. Again, example inserts shaped for the crotch region of an undergarment are shown inFIGS.19to25.

Insert110is disposed between a first or inner layer102and a second or outer layer104of undergarment100. Layers102and104are typically fabric layers. In some examples, inner layer102is made of natural fibres with inherent antibacterial properties. The inner layer102is typically moisture wicking serving as a fluid acquisition layer to transfer discharged fluid into the insert110improving comfort and dryness for the wearer. The inner fabric layer may be formed of, for example, hydrophilic fibres or a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibres. When garment100is worn, inner layer102is disposed between the body of the wearer and outer layer104. That is, inner layer102is configured to be disposed in direct contact or adjacent to the wearer's body or skin. Outer layer104is the outermost layer of garment100and typically comprises no more than one layer of fabric, so as to minimise the profile of garment100and achieve a discreet appearance on the wearer's body. It will be appreciated that when the inserts as described herein are implemented in other garments, or other variations of undergarments, the garment may comprises one or more other layers in addition to the inner layer and outer layer (i.e. in addition to102and104in this example).

Insert110may be inserted, implanted, incorporated, embedded or integrally formed/manufactured within garment100between layers102and104. Insert110is typically fixed to garment100by sewing in seeking to avoid the use of adhesives or hot fusion processing which sometimes require substances that later become harmful/toxic to a wearer. Whilst insert110is typically permanently fixed to garment100, it may in some forms be removably secured or located therein to allow insert110to be selectively inserted or removed from undergarment100.

Insert110is typically a launderable non-disposable item, such that any garment100containing same can be readily washed and re-used. Even so, when ultimately disposed, insert110and garment100may be configured to decompose, degrade, or break down in landfill, compost, soil, or recycling facilities faster than traditional disposable products (e.g. disposable sanitary pads). Furthermore, undergarment100comprising insert110is typically configured to be worn for longer periods of time than traditional disposable menstrual products, without leaking.

In the embodiment ofFIG.1, insert110comprises a first liquid barrier layer112and a second liquid barrier layer114. In other examples, insert110may comprise any number, such as one or more, of liquid barrier layers.

In the embodiment ofFIG.1, insert110further comprises a first absorbent layer122, a second absorbent layer124, and a third absorbent layer126. It will be appreciated that, in other examples, insert110may comprise any number, such as one or more, of absorbent layers. In some examples, insert110may comprise three or more absorbent layers, but usually no more than six absorbent layers.

Generally, the liquid barrier and absorbent layers comprise substantially planar bodies of material shaped to conform a desired application or to fit appropriately within a particular garment type. Example insert shapes suitable for use in the crotch region of an undergarment are shown atFIGS.19to25.

It will be appreciated that the thicknesses of the layers may vary. In some examples, each liquid barrier layer has a thickness of about 0.8 mm but other thicknesses may also be suitable (e.g. 0.5 mm). It will be appreciated that the thicknesses of the liquid barrier layers may impact the leakproof/liquid retaining capability of the insert as well as the breathability/air permeability, and so certain thicknesses can be selected in accordance with a particular application (i.e. some thicknesses may be selected for improved breathability, or for heavy menstrual flow etc.)

The liquid barrier layers and the absorbent layers are provided in a stack formation (face-to-face) and are typically oriented parallel, or substantially parallel, to each other and to layers102and104of undergarment100. Moreover, the liquid barrier layers and the absorbent layers are typically flexible to allow them to conform with changes in the shape of layers102and104that may occur when garment100is handled or worn, for example, due to the body shape, posture, or movement of the wearer.

Each liquid barrier layer and each absorbent layer comprises an “in-facing” or “wearer-facing” side or surface and an “out-facing” side or surface. The wearer-facing side is the major or prominent face/side of the layer configured to face the wearer when undergarment100is worn. The out-facing side is the major or prominent face/side of the layer configured to face away from the wearer when undergarment100is worn. Therefore, the wearer-facing side and the out-facing side of each layer are opposite to each other and face opposite directions. In the illustrated examples, the wearer-facing side of a layer is the top side as shown, while the out-facing side is the layer's underside.

Liquid barrier layers112and114are arranged in a stack or pile, so that the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer114is covered by liquid barrier layer112. Liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size, so that their edges align in the stack and extend to an edge or perimeter of inner layer102and outer layer104. The edge or periphery of inner and outer layers102and104typically provides the edge of the leg openings of the undergarment.

Absorbent layers122,124, and126are also arranged in a stack or pile. Absorbent layers122,124, and126have different sizes, and they are arranged in the stack in order of decreasing size in the direction of the wearer. This increases absorbent capacity without compromising comfort for the wearer. The largest absorbent layer (i.e. absorbent layer122) is disposed at the base of the stack, adjacent to liquid barrier layer112, giving the stack of absorbent layers a stepped or pyramidal-type edge profile. Absorbent layer124(i.e. the next-largest absorbent layer) is disposed adjacent to the wearer-facing side of absorbent layer122, and covers a portion of the wearer-facing side of absorbent layer122, while leaving at least a portion of a peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of absorbent layer122uncovered or exposed. Similarly, absorbent layer126(i.e. the smallest absorbent layer) is disposed adjacent to the wearer-facing side of absorbent layer124, and covers a portion of the wearer-facing side of absorbent layer124, while leaving at least a portion of a peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of absorbent layer124uncovered or exposed. In this way, the width of the absorbent layers between lateral sides of the insert tapers or narrows with each layer towards the direction of the wearer. The stepped/pyramidal-type edge profile of the absorbent layers allows insert110to contain multiple absorbent layers, thus increasing the overall absorption of insert110, without enlarging insert110in a way that would cause noticeable discomfort to the wearer e.g. by causing chaffing a the inner thighs of the wearer. The step-like edge profile of the absorbent layers (which provides a sequential narrowing of the width of the absorbent layers) typically extends at least along lateral sides of insert at the middle section, but may also extend all the way around the periphery of the insert (i.e. to include the forward facing and rearward facing parts of the insert).

It will be appreciated that when referring to smaller or larger ‘sizes’ of layers, this relates to variation in the two-dimensional shape area, length or width (as opposed to the thickness of the layers) such that the size discrepancies between layers provide the uncovered peripheral regions. However, the thicknesses of the layers may also vary. It will also be appreciated that the layers do not have to have the same shape, but there is generally (but not always) some conformity (see e.g.FIGS.19-25).

In some examples, the width of each absorbent layer at the narrowest part between lateral sides of the insert110is between 25% and 75% of the width of its larger, adjacent absorbent layer in the stack. As described the narrowing profile of the stack of absorbent layers may provide a more comfortable, ergonomic design for the wearer. However, in alternative forms, some or all of the absorbent layers may have the same size.

Absorbent layer122is disposed adjacent to the wearer-facing side116of liquid barrier layer112and covers a portion of wearer-facing side116while leaving at least a portion of a peripheral region118of wearer-facing side116uncovered or exposed. Peripheral region118may comprise one or more areas of wearer-facing side116at or near an edge, perimeter, or border of wearer-facing side116. The uncovered portion of peripheral region118typically extends at least along lateral sides of the insert but may extend along or encompass the whole perimeter of wearer-facing side116(see for exampleFIGS.19-25).

It follows that the size of absorbent layer122adjacent to liquid barrier layer112is smaller than that of liquid barrier layer112, so that liquid barrier layer112extends beyond or protrudes from the perimeter or edge of absorbent layer122in some areas or around the whole perimeter. Peripheral region118may extend from the perimeter or edge of absorbent layer122by at least 5 mm. In some cases, peripheral region extends in the range of 10 mm to 15 mm, and in some other cases, more than 15 mm.

Each absorbent layer and each liquid barrier layer is typically attached or connected to its adjacent layers by stitching without the use of adhesives or hot fusion processing in seeking to avoid later degradation and release of potentially toxic substances from the adhesives or that may have been used in the hot fusion processing. In one example, at the middle section of the insert, which is typically narrowest and to be located between the thighs of the wearer, the absorbent layers are typically stitched to liquid barrier layer112in a central region of the insert, that is, spaced (or mostly spaced) from the concave sides of the middle section of the insert. In some examples, stitching may run along peripheral edges of absorbent layers124and/or126, to secure the absorbent layers to the liquid barrier layer. As an illustrative example of typical placement of stitch lines along peripheries of absorbent layers,FIG.45shows stitch lines S1 and S2 running along peripheries of absorbent layers A1, A2 respectively, which are both inset from lateral sides of liquid barrier layer C1. In this example, the spacing P from the concave edge to the closest stich line S2 is greatest (typically at least 15 mm) at the middle narrow section of the insert, with P decreasing towards the front and rear of the insert following the edge of the absorbent layer A1. Typically, in embodiments like that ofFIG.45, all layers are then stitched together along the front (F) and rear edges (R) of the insert.

To prevent or reduce leakage, the liquid barrier layer nearer to or adjacent to outer layer104(i.e. liquid barrier layer114in the illustrated example) is typically not punctured by stitching with the absorbent layers.

To secure the insert within the garment, layers112and114are typically secured to inner layer102. Typically, liquid barrier layers112and114are stitched at their outer edges to inner layer102so as to reduce the risk of leakage through any puncture holes (which are distanced from the centre of the insert where discharge flow is typically received). As the internal stitching to attach the absorbent layers to the first liquid barrier layer112is spaced (or (mostly spaced) from the edges of the insert where the fabric layer102and liquid barrier layers112,114are attached, there is less chance of liquid that has seeped through absorbent layer stitching arriving at the edges of the liquid barrier layers where the stitching to the inner fabric layer is located. As noted above the layers are not typically stitched to the garment outer layer104, so that, from the outside, the undergarment appears “normal” and does not include any stitch/securement lines that would indicate the presence of the insert110within the garment.

However, in some forms, the liquid barrier layers are alternatively or additionally stitched to the outer layer104. Any stitches or stitching holes may be closed or covered with a sealant. In some examples, the sealant is made from polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethanes, other suitable thermoplastic polymers, and/or other liquid-impermeable sealing materials. The sealant may be made with non-harmful chemicals according to OEKO-TEX™ standards for textiles.

Each liquid barrier layer112,114is configured to block, impede, or obstruct the passage of liquid through the liquid barrier layer. In some examples, each liquid barrier layer is liquid-impermeable, liquid-impervious, or leakproof. It is to be understood that a liquid barrier layer may still be considered to block liquid if it allows the passage of a small or negligible amount of liquid through it compared to an amount of liquid blocked. In addition, each liquid barrier is typically breathable (permitting moisture vapour transmission) and/or air permeable to improve comfort for the wearer. It will be appreciated that breathability/air permeability may be variable depending on the material selected for the liquid barrier layer, and may be configured for a particular application.

In some examples, each liquid barrier layer comprises a polymer film or laminate layer, and a fabric layer. For example, the polymer film layer may be polyurethane membrane, and the fabric layer may comprise a knitted or woven fabric or cloth layer. In one example the fabric layer may comprise a liquid-holding compound fabric that possesses some fluid-absorbing capability. The polymer film layer may be disposed adjacent to, and may be attached or bonded to, the fabric layer. The polymer film layer is typically waterproof and breathable, and typically has a thickness less than about 1 mm. In some preferred examples, the polymer film layer has a thickness of less than about 0.02 mm. In some examples, the polymer film layer has thickness of about 0.016 mm, and in some examples about 0.012 mm. Example suitable knitted or woven fabric layers may have a linear mass density of about 75 denier or less, and in some preferred examples about 20 denier or less. Furthermore, example suitable knitted or woven fabric layers may have a fabric weight of about 95 gsm or less, and in some preferred examples in the range from about 40 gsm to about 50 gsm. In some examples, the woven or knitted fabric layer comprises a polyester knit fabric. In other examples, the knitted fabric layer comprises a fibre derived from cotton or a blend of polyester and cotton.

Each absorbent layer is typically configured to absorb, diffuse, or wick liquid. Each absorbent layer122,124,126may be made of a high moisture-absorbing material. In some examples, each absorbent layer comprises a microfibre fabric layer. In some examples, each absorbent layer has a linear mass density in the range from about 0.45 denier to about 1.20 denier. In some examples, the microfibre fabric may comprise polyester and polyamide fibres with a linear mass density in the range from about 0.45 denier to about 1.20 denier, which provides a highly absorbent, fast-drying microfibre fabric. In some examples, the microfibre fabric may have a fabric weight in the range from about 150 gsm to about 500 gsm. In some examples, each absorbent layer comprises a fabric made of one or more of bamboo, bamboo charcoal, hemp, cotton, organic cotton, polyester or polyamide microfibre material, or any other hydrophilic fabric. In some examples, each absorbent layer comprises a towel fabric layer. In one example, the towel fabric layer comprises bamboo or a blend of bamboo and cotton with a fabric weight in the range of about 250 to about 400 grams per square metre.

It will be appreciated that the liquid- and/or gas-management properties of each liquid barrier layer and absorbent layer are typically dependent on the properties of the layer material, layer structure, or combination thereof.

During use, the absorbent layers are configured to absorb and retain body fluid discharged by the wearer. Each additional absorbent layer may increase the absorption and fluid retention of insert110. The absorbent layers may wick or diffuse the body fluid away from the wearer. Each absorbent layer may transport body fluid towards drier regions within the stack of absorbent layers. The liquid barrier layers may block or impede the flow of body fluid that diffuses through the stack of absorbent layers. Therefore, insert110holds body fluid and prevents or resists the transport of body fluid and, in some examples, microbes and odour of the body fluid, to outer layer104and/or to other garments of the wearer.

The arrangement of the absorbent layers and the liquid barrier layers allows for air to flow through insert110. The securement between adjacent layers permits air flow between them, which allow air gaps/pockets to form. Even if adjacent layers are in contact with each other, they may still have residual space between them to permit airflow therethrough. Peripheral region118may also enhance airflow and allow air to pass through the layers. The fact that peripheral region118is exposed and not covered by other layers means that airflow through peripheral region118is not restricted by other layers. Likewise, any peripheral region of the absorbent layers (or any other layer) that is not covered by another layer, at least on one side, is better exposed to air or airflow.

Airflow through insert110may facilitate the drying of body fluid absorbed or contained by insert110. In examples in which the body fluid is blood, insert110may facilitate coagulation of the blood at the exposed edges of the absorbent layers and/or at the exposed peripheral region of the liquid barrier layers. This is because the uncovered area at the edges of the layers are more exposed to air, which encourages the blood to harden/solidify and form a natural, supplementary seal or barrier to further deter seepage and leaking.

In typical use, discharge (e.g. menstruation fluid) would encounter the centre region of topmost absorbent layer126first, and from there diffuse among absorbent layers124and122below. As the discharge reaches the edges of the absorbent layers it is encouraged to dry or harden, which forms a supplementary barrier or seal, to limit or stop escape of discharge out beyond the edges. The discharge is thus centrally confined between sides of the insert (or encouraged to be) within the absorbent layers. After penetrating the absorbent layers, discharge may reach the centre region of the first liquid barrier112, and is substantially blocked thereby, with any excess discharge progressing outwardly towards the uncovered peripheral regions118at the sides of the insert. Again, at the peripheral regions, due to the exposure to air flow, the discharge again dries more readily, forming a natural seal or barrier to limit or stop discharge moving there beyond to reach the edges of garment inner/outer layers102,104(avoiding/minimising leakage at the leg openings). Excess discharge may also flow towards the front/back of the insert, where the absorbent layers extend. Any limited/negligible discharge that may penetrate the first liquid barrier layer112(e.g. through stitching holes or holes in the layer caused by the wearer's misuse) is stopped by the second barrier layer114.

In some examples, insert110further comprises indicators of wetness and/or saturation of insert110, to signal to the wearer that insert110or garment100may need to be changed. The indicators may be visual indicators, for example, whose colour changes based on the specific areas and/or layers of insert110that are wet or saturated with body fluid.

FIGS.2to16illustrate cross sections of some example variations of insert110located at the crotch region of an undergarment. The variations described herein do not represent an exhaustive set, and variations other than the ones described may be possible. As previously noted, the cross-section location is generally indicated by the line A-A inFIGS.43and44which respectively show a typical underpants garment and example insert configured for use in same. Also, as previously noted, the side edge profiles of the inserts shown in the cross sections typically extend at least along the lateral sides of the insert, but may, in some forms, extend all the way around the insert (see e.g.FIGS.19to25).

FIG.2illustrates an example embodiment of insert110in which liquid barrier layer112is smaller (at least across a width of the insert middle section) than liquid barrier layer114, with liquid barrier layer114extending to an edge or perimeter of layers102and104, and liquid barrier layer112spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104, leaving at least a portion of a peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer114exposed or uncovered. That is, liquid barrier layer112is smaller (i.e. narrower in width) than layers102and104, so that a gap exists between an edge or perimeter of liquid barrier layer112and a corresponding or nearest edge or perimeter of layers102and104.FIG.3illustrates an example embodiment of insert110in which liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size and are both spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104.

FIGS.4to6illustrate example embodiments of insert110comprising only two absorbent layers122and124(i.e. absorbent layer126is absent). InFIG.4, liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size and extend to an edge or perimeter of layers102and104. InFIG.5, liquid barrier layer112is smaller (at least across a width of the insert middle section) than liquid barrier layer114, with liquid barrier layer114extending to an edge or perimeter of layers102and104, and liquid barrier layer112spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104. InFIG.6, liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size and are spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104.

FIGS.7to9illustrate example embodiments of insert110comprising a third liquid barrier layer132disposed between liquid barrier layers112and114. Liquid barrier layer132has a smaller size (at least across a width of the insert middle section) than liquid barrier layers112and114. In particular, the area of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer132is smaller than that of liquid barrier layers112and114. Liquid barrier layer132is disposed at or near a central region of liquid barrier layers112and114, so as to strengthen the fluid-blocking properties of insert110in the area expected to receive most of the body fluid discharged by the wearer. The composition of liquid barrier layer132may be the same or different as that of layers112and114. In other examples, additional liquid barrier layers may be disposed at any other location between layers112and114. InFIG.7, liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size and extend to an edge or perimeter of layers102and104. InFIG.8, liquid barrier layer112is smaller (at least across a width of the insert middle section) than liquid barrier layer114, with liquid barrier layer114extending to an edge or perimeter of layers102and104, and liquid barrier layer112spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104. InFIG.9, liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size and are spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104.

FIGS.10to12illustrate example embodiments of insert110comprising only two absorbent layers122and124(i.e. absorbent layer126is absent), and a third liquid barrier layer132disposed between liquid barrier layers112and114. InFIG.10, liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size and extend to an edge or perimeter of layers102and104. InFIG.11, liquid barrier layer112is smaller (at least across a width of the insert middle section) than liquid barrier layer114, with liquid barrier layer114extending to an edge or perimeter of layers102and104, and liquid barrier layer112spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104. InFIG.12, liquid barrier layers112and114have the same size and are spaced or set back from the edge or perimeter of layers102and104.

FIGS.13to16illustrate example embodiments of insert110comprising only one liquid barrier layer112(i.e. liquid barrier layer114is absent). Liquid barrier layer112is smaller (i.e. narrower in width) than layers102and104, spaced or set back from an edge or perimeter of layers102and104. InFIG.13, insert110comprises three absorbent layers122,124, and126. InFIG.14, insert110comprises only two absorbent layers122and124(i.e. absorbent layer126is absent). InFIGS.15and16, insert110comprises a second liquid barrier layer132having a smaller size (at least across a width of the insert middle section) than liquid barrier layer112, and being disposed between liquid barrier layer112and outer layer104. InFIG.15, insert110comprises three absorbent layers122,124, and126. InFIG.16, insert110comprises only two absorbent layers122and124(i.e. absorbent layer126is absent).

FIG.17illustrates an example embodiment of garment100further comprising hydrophobic material106attached to or lining at least a portion of a peripheral region of inner layer102, such as the portion of inner layer102overlapping or opposite to the portion of peripheral region118that is left uncovered by absorbent layer122. Hydrophobic material106may be provided in the form of strips or patches, which may have the same or a similar thickness to that of inner layer102. Hydrophobic material106may also be liquid-impermeable. This configuration is intended to reduce or prevent transfer of body fluid absorbed or accumulated in a central region of inner layer102to an edge or perimeter of inner layer102. It is to be understood that other configurations of the insert shown inFIG.17are possible, such as the configurations described above. For instance, in another example, third absorbent layer126may be excluded. In other examples, liquid barrier layers112and114extend to an edge or perimeter of inner layer102and outer layer104. More generally, hydrophobic material106may be included in any of the other variations described above.

As explained above, each liquid barrier layer may comprise a polymer film layer and a fabric layer disposed adjacent to polymer film layer.FIGS.39to42illustrate some example orientations into which the liquid barrier layers may be arranged.

FIG.39illustrates an example arrangement of two liquid barrier layers, as may be found in the example inserts illustrated inFIGS.1to6and17. Liquid barrier layer112is oriented such that its polymer film layer (e.g. polyurethane membrane)140is wearer-facing and its fabric layer (e.g. polyester knit fabric)142is out-facing. Liquid barrier layer114is oriented such that its polymer film layer140is out-facing and its fabric layer142is wearer-facing. That is, liquid barrier layers112and114are oriented such that their respective fabric layers142are opposite to or face each other. Opposite fabric layers142of liquid barrier layers112and114are typically arranged such that air is permitted to flow therebetween. Other examples may have the polymer film layers facing one another, or alternatively, the polymer film layer of one of the liquid barrier layers may face the fabric layer of the other of the liquid barrier layers.

FIG.40illustrates an example arrangement of three liquid barrier layers, as may be found in the example inserts illustrated inFIGS.7to12. Liquid barrier layer112is oriented such that its polymer film layer140is wearer-facing and its fabric layer142is out-facing. Liquid barrier layers114and132are oriented such that their respective polymer film layers140are out-facing and their respective fabric layers142are wearer-facing. That is, liquid barrier layers112and132are oriented such that their respective fabric layers142are opposite to or face each other.

FIG.41illustrates an example arrangement of one liquid barrier layer, as may be found in the example inserts illustrated inFIGS.13and14. Liquid barrier layer112is oriented such that its polymer film layer140is out-facing and its fabric layer142is wearer-facing. That is, liquid barrier layer112is oriented such that fabric layer142is opposite to or faces first absorbent layer122.

FIG.42illustrates an example arrangement of two liquid barrier layers, in which a stitching thread144penetrates first liquid barrier layer112as may be the case when, for example, liquid barrier layer112is stitched to an adjacent absorbent layer (not shown), as described above. Stitching thread144penetrates through the whole thickness of liquid barrier layer112to an interfacing region between liquid barrier layer112and liquid barrier layer114, disposed adjacent to the out-facing side of liquid barrier layer112. Stitching thread144however does not extend or penetrate liquid barrier layer114. In this way, any fluid passing through liquid barrier layer112via stitching thread144may be trapped in and/or between the respective fabric layers142of liquid barrier layers112and114, as indicated by fluid flow arrows146. The airflow permitted between liquid barrier layers112and114facilitates drying of the trapped fluid.

The provision of two (or more) liquid barrier layers is independently advantageous, and therefore, such layer arrangements may also be implemented more broadly for leak prevention, in other inserts or garments, beyond the particular embodiments described herein (e.g. beyond use with absorbent layers as described herein). As described above, the liquid barrier layers may comprise a polymer film layer and a fabric layer. Arrangements whereby the fabric layers of the liquid barrier layers face one another provides especially improved leak prevention performance. Although, other orientations, whereby the polymer film layers face one another, or whereby the fabric layer of one of the liquid barrier layers faces the polymer film layer of the other liquid barrier layer, also provide improved performance over existing leak prevention arrangements.

To further facilitate management of body fluid the fabric layers of the liquid barrier layers may have their grains aligned to direct or encourage fluid flowing along or between liquid barrier layers. For example, in the case of insert configured for a crotch region, the grains may be oriented to direct or encourage liquid to travel in a forward or rear direction, as opposed to a lateral direction toward the leg openings. This is typically achieved by having the straight grain of the fabric travelling front to back, as opposed to side to side between leg openings

An example of male or female underpants200is illustrated inFIG.18, and an example insert210shaped to conform to a crotch region202of underpants200is illustrated inFIG.19.

Insert210comprises a liquid barrier layer212, a first absorbent layer222, and a second absorbent layer224. Absorbent layer222is disposed adjacent to a wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer212, while absorbent layer224is disposed adjacent to a wearer-facing side of absorbent layer222. It will be appreciated that, in other examples, insert210may comprise other liquid barrier layers and/or absorbent layers, such as a third absorbent layer disposed adjacent to a wearer-facing side of absorbent layer224. Variations may comprise, for example, any one of the layer configurations/edge profiles/inserts shown inFIGS.1to17

Referring toFIGS.18and19, the body of liquid barrier layer212comprises a middle section230, a front section232, and a rear section234. Middle section230is configured to fit between the thighs of the wearer. Middle section230is defined between two concave-shaped sides of liquid barrier layer212configured to accommodate or fit around the inner thighs of the wearer. Front section232extends from middle section230towards a front side204of underpants200. Rear section234extends from middle section230towards a rear side of underpants200. Therefore, when underpants200are worn, front section232is configured to adjoin or be located proximate to a front region of the wearer's crotch, while rear region234is configured to adjoin or be located proximate to a rear region of the wearer's crotch.

In other examples, described below, the front section of insert210may be lengthened or extended to reach an inguinal region206of underpants200configured to adjoin or be located proximate to the wearer's inguinal region or groin. The rear section of the insert may also be lengthened or extended to reach a gluteal region208on the rear side of underpants200configured to adjoin or be located proximate to the wearer's buttock.

The shape of absorbent layers222and224resembles or conforms to the shape of liquid barrier layer212. In other examples, the shape of the absorbent layers may differ to obtain different shapes and sizes of an uncovered or exposed portion of liquid barrier layer212. For example, the size of the exposed portion of liquid barrier layer212in rear section234may be increased by reducing the size of absorbent layers222and224so that the wearer's sit bones do not lie directly on the absorbent layers when the wearer is in a seating position, reducing wearer discomfort. Additional absorbent layers may then be provided to compensate for any reduced absorption capacity of the smaller absorbent layers222and224.

FIGS.20and21illustrate example inserts300and310, respectively, shaped to conform to a crotch region of male or female underpants, for insertion therein.

Each of inserts300and310comprises a liquid barrier layer312. Inserts300and310comprise absorbent layers320and322, respectively, disposed adjacent to a wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer312. In other examples, inserts300and310comprise other liquid barrier layers and/or absorbent layers, such as second and third absorbent layers disposed adjacent to a wearer-facing side of absorbent layer320and322, respectively. Variations may comprise, for example, any one of the layer configurations shown inFIGS.1to17.

In insert300, the peripheral region314of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer312that is left uncovered by absorbent layer320extends around the whole perimeter of the wearer-facing side. In insert310, the peripheral region316of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer312that is left uncovered by absorbent layer322extends only over a portion of the perimeter of the wearer-facing side, specifically the perimeter neighbouring the concave sides of liquid barrier layer312. Therefore, absorbent layer322of insert covers front and rear sections of insert310, extending to frontmost edge330and rearmost edge332.

FIG.22illustrates another example insert400shaped to conform to a crotch region of male or female underpants, for insertion therein. Insert400comprises a liquid barrier layer410and an absorbent layer420. The body of liquid barrier layer410comprises a middle section412, a front section414, and a rear section416, as described above with reference toFIG.19. Front section414is arc-shaped, while rear section416is a trapezoid-shaped flap that is lengthened relative to rear section234inFIG.19. Absorbent layer420extends to a frontmost edge of front section414, so that the uncovered peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer410comprises lateral edges of middle section412and the trapezoidal flap in rear section416.

FIG.23illustrates different example insert configurations having the same overall shape illustrated inFIG.22. In configuration430, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer432that is uncovered by absorbent layer434extends along the whole perimeter of liquid barrier layer432and has the same width throughout. In configuration440, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer442uncovered by absorbent layer444extends along the whole perimeter of liquid barrier layer442and its width increases at and near the junction between the middle and rear sections of liquid barrier layer442. In configuration450, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer452uncovered by absorbent layer454extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer452, comprising the lateral edges of liquid barrier layer452, but not the frontmost and rearmost edges. In configuration460, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer462uncovered by absorbent layer464extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer462, comprising the lateral edges of liquid barrier layer462, but not the frontmost and rearmost edges, and the uncovered peripheral region widens at and near the junction between the middle and rear sections of liquid barrier layer462.

FIG.24illustrates another example insert500shaped to conform to a crotch region of male or female underpants, for insertion therein. Insert500comprises a liquid barrier layer510and an absorbent layer520. The body of liquid barrier layer510comprises a middle section512, a front section514, and a rear section516, as described above with reference toFIG.19. Front section514and rear section516are trapezoid-shaped, and each comprises a flap that is lengthened relative to front section232and rear section234, respectively, inFIG.19. Absorbent layer520covers most of middle section512, so that the uncovered peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer510comprises lateral edges of middle section512and the trapezoidal flaps in front section514and in rear section516.

FIG.25illustrates different example insert configurations having the same overall shape illustrated inFIG.24. In configuration530, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer532uncovered by absorbent layer534extends along the whole perimeter of liquid barrier layer532. In configuration540, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer542uncovered by absorbent layer544extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer542, comprising the lateral edges, but not the frontmost and rearmost edges, of liquid barrier layer542.

It will be appreciated that the example embodiments illustrated inFIGS.20to25, which have been represented with a single liquid barrier layer and a single absorbent layer, may alternatively have additional liquid barrier layers and/or additional absorbent layers. It will also be appreciated that whilst suitable for conventional shaped underpants that do not have leg portions, that may also be implanted in boxer-brief type underpants that have a small leg portion.

Having the absorbent layer(s) extend to the frontmost and/or rearmost edges of the first liquid barrier layer (e.g. like in examples310,450,460, and540) provides a more durable insert/garment, as this permits the layers to be more robustly secured together. These forms may be used, in the case of a menstruation-fluid-capturing undergarment, for example, when the wearer is being particularly active, such as, for example, when going to the gym or hiking, etc.

FIG.26illustrates an example pair of underpants600comprising an insert610for managing body fluid discharged (e.g. menstruation fluid, urine) by a wearer of underpants600.

Underpants600comprise an inner fabric layer602and an outer fabric layer604. Each of fabric layers602and604comprises both an opening606for the wearer's left leg and an opening608for the wearer's right leg. A first strip612of liquid-impermeable, elastic or stretch fabric lines left leg opening606in inner fabric layer602. A second strip614of liquid-impermeable, elastic or stretch fabric lines left leg opening606in outer fabric layer604. A third strip616of liquid-impermeable, elastic or stretch fabric lines the right leg opening608in inner fabric layer602. A fourth strip618of liquid-impermeable, elastic or stretch fabric lines right leg opening608in outer fabric layer604. Strips612,614,616, and618are located on exterior surfaces of fabric layers602and604. In other examples, the strips may alternatively or additionally be located on interior surfaces of the fabric layers.

A first band620of elastic fabric skirts or borders the edges of left leg openings606in both fabric layers602and604. Likewise, a second band622of elastic fabric skirts or borders the edges of right leg openings608in both fabric layers602and604. Band620overlaps strips612and614, while band622overlaps strips616and618. An interior surface (i.e. a fabric-facing surface) of bands620and622may be laminated with a polyurethane liquid-impermeable membrane, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastic rubber, to further deter seepage of body fluid into the fabric of underpants600. The configuration of underpants600therefore prevents or reduces leakage of body fluid through leg openings606and608.

FIGS.27and28illustrates example inserts700and710, respectively, shaped to conform to an armpit or underarm region of an upper body undergarment, such as a singlet, half singlet, or a shirt.

Each of inserts700and710comprises a liquid barrier layer712and an absorbent layer722disposed adjacent to a wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer712. The body of liquid barrier layer712comprises a top section730and a body section732. Top section730is configured to adjoin or be located proximate to the wearer's upper armpit. Top section730includes a curved side and a straight side joining the two endpoints of the curved side, giving top section730a semicircular or arched shape. Body section732is configured to adjoin or be located proximate to the wearer's lower armpit. Body section732projects from the straight side of top section730in an opposite direction relative to the curved side of top section730. body section732is fin-shaped in insert700and tongue-shaped in insert710.

FIGS.29to32illustrate other example inserts shaped to conform to an armpit or underarm region of an upper body undergarment.

FIG.29shows insert configurations having pointed or triangular body sections. Configuration800has a rounded top section, and is configured for insertion in long-sleeved undergarments. Configurations810and820have trapezoid-shaped top sections, and are configured for insertion in short-sleeved undergarments. In configurations800and810, the peripheral regions of the wearer-facing sides of liquid barrier layers802and812uncovered by absorbent layers804and814, respectively, extend along the whole perimeters of liquid barrier layers802and812, respectively. In configuration820, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer822uncovered by absorbent layer824extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer822excluding the uppermost side of the top section.

FIG.30shows insert configurations having rounded or parabolic body sections. Configuration830has a rounded top section, and is configured for insertion in long-sleeved undergarments. Configurations840and850have trapezoid-shaped top sections, and are configured for insertion in short-sleeved undergarments. In configurations830and840, the peripheral regions of the wearer-facing sides of liquid barrier layers832and842uncovered by absorbent layers834and844, respectively, extend along the whole perimeters of liquid barrier layers832and842, respectively. In configuration850, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer852uncovered by absorbent layer854extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer852excluding the uppermost side of the top section.

FIG.31shows insert configurations having square or rectangular body sections. Configurations860and870have rounded top sections, and are configured for insertion in long-sleeved undergarments. Configurations880and890have trapezoid-shaped top sections, and are configured for insertion in short-sleeved undergarments. In configuration860, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer862uncovered by absorbent layer864extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer862excluding the lowermost side in the body section. In configurations870and890, the peripheral regions of the wearer-facing sides of liquid barrier layers872and892uncovered by absorbent layers874and894, respectively, extend along the whole perimeters of liquid barrier layers872and892, respectively. In configuration880, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer882uncovered by absorbent layer884extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer882excluding the lowermost side of the body section and the uppermost side of the top section.

FIG.32shows insert configurations having trapezoidal or trapezoid-shaped body sections. Configuration900has a rounded top section, and is configured for insertion in long-sleeved undergarments. Configuration910has a trapezoid-shaped top section, and is configured for insertion in short-sleeved undergarments. In configuration900, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer902uncovered by absorbent layer904extends along the whole perimeter of liquid barrier layer902. In configuration910, the peripheral region of the wearer-facing side of liquid barrier layer912uncovered by absorbent layer914extends along a portion of the perimeter of liquid barrier layer912excluding the lowermost side of the body section and the uppermost side of the top section.

It will be appreciated that the example embodiments illustrated inFIGS.27to32, which have been represented with a single liquid barrier layer and a single absorbent layer, may alternatively have additional liquid barrier layers and/or additional absorbent layers.

Example upper body undergarments are illustrated inFIG.33, showing the armpit region near to arm holes, where a sleeve is joined with the vest or core, in which an insert for managing body fluid discharged by a wearer of the undergarment, such as one of the example inserts illustrated inFIGS.27to32, may be inserted.

FIG.34illustrates example brassieres into which may be inserted an insert for managing body fluid discharged by a wearer of the brassieres. Therefore, in some examples, the insert is shaped to conform to a cup of a brassiere, so as to cover the nipple area or the inframammary fold, including lateral and lower portions of a breast.

FIG.35illustrates example pants, which may be long pants, trousers, yoga pants, leggings, or any other type of pants.FIG.36illustrates example short pants, which may be shorts, running shorts, or any other type of short pants.FIGS.37and38illustrate an example nappy or diaper. These figures show a crotch region of the pants, short pants, or nappy, located between leg openings or pant legs, into which an insert for managing body fluid discharged by a wearer of the undergarment may be inserted. The insert may comprise a middle section configured to be located between the thighs of the wearer. The insert may further comprise front and rear sections extending from the middle sections, similar to those shown inFIGS.19to21, though, in some examples, larger in size or wider. The rear section of an insert for pants or short pants may extend over all or part of a back rise or seat region of the pants or short pants configured to cover the buttocks of a wearer. The front section of an insert for pants or short pants may extend over all or part of a front rise of the pants or short pants configured to cover the groin of the wearer.

It will be appreciated that the example inserts as shown inFIGS.19to25and27to32, although illustrated with a particular layer configuration comprising one or two absorbent layers and one liquid barrier layer, can be varied in accordance with any layer configurations/arrangements/edge profiles as described herein, such as, for example, those described inFIGS.1to17and39to42. It will thus be appreciated thatFIGS.19to25and27to32are thus simply to illustrate example general shaping for the insert as whole, and to illustrate example exposed/uncovered areas of the wearer-facing side of the liquid barrier layer and example stepped edge profile positioning for the absorbent layers.

Whilst the embodiments described in detail include a combination of liquid barrier layer/s and absorbent layer/s, it will be appreciated that one inventive aspect, which is having exposed layer peripheral regions that encourage drying of discharge to form a barrier or seal, may be employed in further alternative embodiments that comprise, for example, other layer types, only absorbent layers, or only liquid barrier layers.

As outlined, the presently described inserts and/or garments including same have several features which provide improved fluid management, leakproof functionality and/or comfort for a wearer. For example, as described: the uncovered peripheral regions promote the formation of a natural seal to help stop leakage at the peripheries; the centralised stitching of absorbent layers to the initial liquid barrier layer is spaced from the edges of the insert such that any liquid seepage through the stitching is retained away from the edges of the insert; the uncovered peripheral regions provide that there is limited contact of the inner fabric layer the garment (or fluid acquisition layer) with the liquid barrier layers at the peripheral region, and, as the absorbent layers are generally inset from the edges, fluid transfer to the absorbent layers occurs centrally; the stepped/pyramidal shaped edge profile allows more absorbent layers to be included and therefore improved absorbent capacity without adding extra bulk (e.g. between the thighs) so that comfort is maintained/improved; the arrangement of the liquid barriers layers such that airflow permitted therethrough promotes drying of discharge retained between the layers; the inclusion of 2 or more liquid barrier layers and the avoidance of stitching the outermost layer assist to prevent leakage; and the configuration of the grains on the fabric of the liquid barrier layers, to encourage liquid flow to the front/back of the insert, rather than to the lateral sides, helps to direct discharge flow away from the side edge of the inset (i.e. near the leg openings). It will be appreciated that whilst each of the above features is advantageous and effective individually, all or combinations of these features also work together as a system synergistically, to provide improved performance and comfort for a wearer. The inserts and garments including same are also typically launderable (not disposable type products), such that they can be washed and re-used/worn, which reduces cost for the wearer, and is better for the environment.

Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion ofany other integer or step or group of integers or steps.