Patent ID: 12231961

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the present disclosure is described by referring mainly to an exemplary embodiment thereof. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without limitation to these specific details. In this description, well known methods and structures have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present disclosure.

This disclosure describes, among other things, techniques for a network node (e.g., eNB) to send a data rate recommendation to a wireless device (e.g., UE). Further, this disclosure describes techniques for a wireless device to query a network node on a recommended data rate or whether a desired or proposed data rate may be adequately supported by the underlying transport capacity of the uplink or downlink communication channel. Advantages provided by the techniques described herein include reducing the response time and increasing the accuracy of adapting to the recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel, as well as reducing the amount of call control signaling.

Various techniques are described herein for the network node providing the wireless device with a data rate recommendation on the uplink or downlink communication channel and for the wireless device requesting that the network node provide the recommended data rate. For example,FIG.1illustrates one embodiment of a system100for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.1, a wireless device105(e.g., UE) transmits a first information element (IE)111to a network node101(e.g., base station) via a protocol layer on an uplink communication link107. The first IE111includes a request113that the network node101recommends a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel107,109. Further, the request113may be associated with one or more applications executed by the wireless device105. Also, the network node101may serve the wireless device105in a coverage area103.

In another embodiment, the wireless device105receives a second IE115from the network node101via the protocol layer on the downlink communication link109. The second IE115includes a data rate recommendation117for the wireless device105on the uplink or downlink communication channel107,109. Based on the data rate recommendation117, the wireless device105may adapt a data rate on the uplink communication channel107or may transmit a media adaptation request to another device (e.g., wireless device, network node, media server, or the like) for adapting a data rate on the downlink communication channel109.

In yet another embodiment, the network node101transmits the second IE115having the data rate recommendation117to the wireless device105on the downlink communication channel109.

In yet another embodiment, the network node101receives the first IE111having the request113from the wireless device105on the uplink communication channel107. In response to the request113, the network node101transmits the second IE115having the data rate recommendation117to the wireless device105on the downlink communication channel109.

Additionally or alternatively, the protocol layer may represent a user plane layer or any portion thereof such as the medium access control (MAC) layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, or the radio link control (RLC) layer. For instance, in Long Term Evolution (LTE), the radio protocol architecture between the eNB and the UE can be separated into a control plane and a user plane. The user plane includes the MAC layer, the PDCP layer, and the RLC layer. The control plane includes additionally the radio resource control (RRC) layer, which is responsible for configuring the lower layers.

On the MAC layer, control information may be sent between two nodes on a communication link using a MAC Control Element (CE). As shown inFIG.12, a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) sub-header for a fixed-sized MAC control element (CE) may consist of four header fields: Reserved (R), Reserved (R), Extension bit indicating if additional fields are present (E), and Logical Channel ID (LCID) indicating the identity of the MAC CE (LCID). These four fields are also referred to as R/R/E/LCID. Tables 1 and 2 below show values used for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) DownLink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) and UpLink Shared Channel (UL-SCH).

TABLE 1MAC Control Elements for DL-SCHIndexLCID valuesSize01011-11010Reserved for future needsN/A11011Activation/Deactivation111100UE Contention Resolution Identity611101Timing Advance Command111110DRX Command0

TABLE 2MAC Control Elements for UL-SCHIndexLCID valuesSize01011-11000Reserved for future needsN/A11001Extended Power Headroom ReportVariable11010Power Headroom Report111011C-RNTI211100Truncated BSR111101Short BSR111110Long BSR3

The MAC CE itself is coded in the payload part of the MAC PDU. Different sizes are used depending on the details of the particular control. In the simplest case, the size is 0 and the function is already fully determined by the sub-header. The size of a MAC CE can also be variable.

For the PDCP, control information may be sent between two nodes (e.g., between a network node and a wireless device) in a communication link using a PDCP control PDU. Currently, PDCP Control PDU is used to convey a PDCP status report indicating which PDCP Service Data Units (SDUs) are missing and which are not following a PDCP re-establishment, and header compression control information (e.g., interspersed Roust Header Compression (ROHC) feedback).

With reference to the example of the PDCP control PDU for ROHC feedback inFIG.13, the PDCP control PDU is identified via the Data or Control (D/C) bit set to one and the PDU type bit field. Table 3 below shows values used for 3GPP control PDUs.

TABLE 3PDCP control PDU typesBitDescription000PDCP status report001Interspersed ROHC feedback packet010LWA status report011-111Reserved

Additionally or alternatively, the protocol layer may represent a control plane layer such as a MAC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer or an RRC layer.

Additionally or alternatively, the protocol layer may represent the data link layer (i.e., layer 2 of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model) or any portion thereof such as the MAC layer. The data link layer is responsible for transferring data between nodes (e.g., between a network node and a wireless device). The MAC layer is the lower sublayer of the data link layer. As such, the MAC layer provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms that make it possible for wireless devices and network nodes to communicate within an access network that incorporates a shared medium (e.g., a communication link).

Additionally or alternatively, the network node101may be configured to support a wireless communication system (e.g., NR, LTE, LTE-NR, 5G, UMTS, GSM, or the like). Further, the network node101may be a base station (e.g., eNB), an access point, a wireless router, or the like. The network node101may serve wireless devices such as wireless device105. The wireless device105may be configured to support a wireless communication system (e.g., NR, LTE, LTE-NR, 5G, UMTS, GSM, or the like). The wireless device105may be a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a terminal, a cellular phone, a cellular handset, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a wireless phone, an organizer, a handheld computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a set-top box, a television, an appliance, a game device, a medical device, a display device, a metering device, or the like.

FIG.2illustrates one embodiment of a wireless device200for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.2, the wireless device200may include a receiver circuit201, an information element (IE) extractor circuit207, a recommended data rate determination circuit203, a request recommended data rate determination circuit205, an IE generation circuit209, a transmitter circuit211, the like, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the receiver circuit201is configured to receive a second information element via a protocol layer on a downlink communication channel from a network node. The information element may include data rate information for the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the IE extractor circuit207may be configured to obtain the recommended data rate from the second information element. Accordingly, the IE extractor circuit207may be configured to extract a second index that indicates the recommended data rate from the second information element. The second index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS.15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the IE extractor circuit207may be configured to determine the recommended data rate based on the second index.

In another embodiment, the request recommended data rate determination circuit205is configured to determine to request that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. Further, the recommended data rate determination circuit203is configured to generate a first information element that indicates the request that the network node recommend a data rate. The first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. In addition, the recommended data rate determination circuit203may be configured to determine a desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The information element extractor circuit207may be configured to determine a first index that indicates the desired data rate. The first index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS.15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the information element extractor circuit207may be configured to insert the first index into the first information element. Finally, the transmitter circuit211may be configured to transmit the first information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

FIG.3illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.3, the wireless device300(e.g., UE) may include processing circuit(s)301, radio frequency (RF) communications circuit(s)305, antenna(s)307, the like, or any combination thereof. The communication circuit(s)305may be configured to transmit or receive information to or from one or more network nodes via any communication technology. This communication may occur using the one or more antennas307that are either internal or external to the wireless device300. The processing circuit(s)301may be configured to perform processing as described herein (e.g., the method ofFIGS.5,6,14, and17-18) such as by executing program instructions stored in memory303. The processing circuit(s)301in this regard may implement certain functional means, units, or modules.

InFIG.3, the wireless device300may implement various functional means, units, or modules (e.g., via the processing circuit(s)301or via software). These functional means, units, or modules (e.g., for implementing the method ofFIGS.5,6,14, and17-18) include a request data rate determining module or unit313for determining to request that a network node recommend a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. Further, these functional means, units, or modules include an information element generating module315for generating a first information element that indicates the request. The first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. Also, these functional means, units, or modules may include a data rate determining module or unit311for determining a desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The information element generating module or unit315may be further configured for determining a first index that indicates the desired data rate, the first index being an index to a table of data rates on the uplink or downlink communication channel, and inserting the first index into the first information element. In addition, these functional means, units, or modules include a transmitter module or unit319for transmitting the first information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

InFIG.3, in another embodiment, these functional means, units, or modules include a receiving module or unit321for receiving, from a network node, a second information element that indicates a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The second information element is received via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. Further, these functional means, units, or modules may include an information element extracting module or unit317for obtaining the recommended data rate from the second information element. Accordingly, the information element extracting module or unit317may be configured for extracting a second index that indicates the recommended data rate from the second information element. The second index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS.15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. In addition, the data rate determining module may be further configured for determining the recommended data rate based on the second index.

FIG.4illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device400for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.4, the wireless device400may implement various functional means, units, or modules (e.g., via the processing circuit(s)301ofFIG.3or via software). These functional means, units, or modules (e.g., for implementing the method ofFIGS.5,6,14, and17-18) include a data rate determining module or unit401for determining a desired data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel based on a recommended data rate for the corresponding communication channel obtained from a second information element received from the network node via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. Further, these functional means, units, or modules include an information element generating module or unit405for generating an information element that indicates the desired data rate. The first information element having the desired data rate is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Also, the desired data rate is used by the network node to adjust the recommended data rate for the corresponding communication channel. These functional means, units, or modules may include a transmitting module or unit409for transmitting the first information element having the desired data rate to the network node via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. In addition, these functional means, units, or modules may include a request data rate determining module or unit for determining to request that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Also, these functional means, units, or modules may include a receiving module or unit411for receiving, from a network node, a second information element that indicates the recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel.

FIG.5illustrates one embodiment of a method500performed by a wireless device for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.5, the method500includes determining to request that a network node recommend a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel. At block503, the method500includes generating a first information element that indicates the request. Further, the first information element may be sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. At block505, the method may include transmitting, to the network node, the first information element having the request via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

FIG.6illustrates another embodiment of a method600performed by a wireless device for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.6, the method600includes determining a desired data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel based on a recommended data rate for the corresponding communication channel obtained from a second information element received from a network node via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. At block603, the method600includes generating a first information element that indicates the desired data rate. Further, the information element is sent to the network node via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. Also, the desired data rate is used by the network node to adjust the recommended data rate for the corresponding communication channel. At block605, the method600may include transmitting the first information element having the desired data rate to the network node via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

FIG.7illustrates one embodiment of a network node700for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.7, the network node700may be configured to include a receiver circuit701, an information element extractor circuit703, a recommended data rate determination circuit705, a data rate adjustment circuit707, an information element generation circuit709, a transmitter circuit711, the like, or any combination thereof. The receiver circuit701may be configured to receive, from a wireless device, a first information element that indicates a request for a recommended data rate by the wireless device on an uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the first information element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. The information element extractor circuit703may be configured to extract the request from the first information element. Further, the recommended data rate determination circuit705is configured to determine a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The data rate adjustment circuit707may be configured to adjust the recommended data rate based on a desired data rate that is received in a first information element from the wireless device.

FIG.8illustrates another embodiment of a network node800for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.8, the wireless device800(e.g., UE) may include processing circuit(s)801, radio frequency (RF) communications circuit(s)805, antenna(s)807, the like, or any combination thereof. The communication circuit(s)805may be configured to transmit or receive information to or from one or more network nodes or one or more wireless devices via any communication technology. This communication may occur using the one or more antennas807that are either internal or external to the wireless device800. The processing circuit(s)801may be configured to perform processing as described herein (e.g., the method ofFIGS.10,14, and19) such as by executing program instructions stored in memory803. The processing circuit(s)801in this regard may implement certain functional means, units, or modules.

InFIG.8, the network node800may implement various functional means, units, or modules (e.g., via the processing circuit(s)801or via software). These functional means, units, or modules (e.g., for implementing the method ofFIGS.10,14, and19) include a data rate determining module or unit811for determining a recommended data rate for a wireless device on an uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, these functional means, units, or modules include an information element generating module or unit813for generating a second information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The second information element having the recommended data rate is sent to the wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. Also, these functional means, units, or modules may include a transmitting module or unit819for transmitting, to the wireless device, the information element having the recommended data rate via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, these functional means, units, or modules may include a receiving module or unit821for receiving, from the wireless device, a first information element that indicates a request for the recommended data rate by the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The first information element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. In addition, these functional means, units, or modules may include an information element extracting module or unit817for extracting the request from the first information element. Finally, these functional means, units, or modules may include a data rate adjusting module or unit815for adjusting the recommended data rate based on a desired data rate that is received in the first information element from the wireless device.FIG.9illustrates another embodiment of a network node for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. In another embodiment, these functional means, units, or modules includes a receiving module or unit911for receiving, from a wireless device, a first information element that indicates a request for a recommended data rate by the wireless device on an uplink or downlink communication channel. The first information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. Further, these functional means, units, or modules may include an information element extracting module or unit907for obtaining the request for the recommended data rate from the first information element. Accordingly, the information element extracting module or unit907may be configured for extracting a first index from the first information element and for determining the desired data rate from the first index. Further, the first index may indicate a desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Also, the first index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS.15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. These functional means, units, or modules may include a data rate determining module or unit901for determining the recommended data rate, which may be based on the desired data rate. Further, these functional means, units, or modules includes may include a data rate adjusting module or unit905for determining the recommended data rate based on the desired data rate. These functional means, units, or modules may include an information element generating module or unit903for generating a second information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The second information element having the recommended data rate may be sent to the wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. These functional means, units, or modules may include a transmitting module or unit909for transmitting, to the wireless device, the second information element having the recommended data rate via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

FIG.10illustrates one embodiment of a method1000performed by a network node for adapting a MIMO receiver to perform a MIMO receiver test in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.10, the method1000may include receiving, from the wireless device, a first information element that indicates a request for the recommended data rate by the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the first information element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. At block1003, the method1000may include extracting the request from the first information element. At block1005, the method1000includes determining a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. At block1007, the method1000includes generating a second information element that indicates the recommended data rate. Further, the second information element having the recommended data rate is sent to the wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. At block1009, the method may include transmitting, to the wireless device, the second information element having the recommended data rate via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

FIG.11illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device1100in accordance with various aspects as described herein. In some instances, the wireless device1100may be referred as a network node, a base station (BS), an access point (AP), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a terminal, a cellular phone, a cellular handset, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a wireless phone, an organizer, a handheld computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a set-top box, a television, an appliance, a game device, a medical device, a display device, a metering device, or some other like terminology. In other instances, the wireless device1100may be a set of hardware components. InFIG.11, the wireless device1100may be configured to include a processor1101that is operatively coupled to an input/output interface1105, a radio frequency (RF) interface1109, a network connection interface1111, a memory1115including a random access memory (RAM)1117, a read only memory (ROM)1119, a storage medium1121or the like, a communication subsystem1151, a power source1113, another component, or any combination thereof. The storage medium1121may include an operating system1123, an application program1125, data1127, or the like. Specific devices may utilize all of the components shown inFIG.11, or only a subset of the components, and levels of integration may vary from device to device. Further, specific devices may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc. For instance, a computing device may be configured to include a processor and a memory.

InFIG.11, the processor1101may be configured to process computer instructions and data. The processor1101may be configured as any sequential state machine operative to execute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored-program, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processor1101may include two computer processors. In one definition, data is information in a form suitable for use by a computer. It is important to note that a person having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the subject matter of this disclosure may be implemented using various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

In the current embodiment, the input/output interface1105may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device. The wireless device1100may be configured to use an output device via the input/output interface1105. A person of ordinary skill will recognize that an output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from the wireless device1100. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. The wireless device1100may be configured to use an input device via the input/output interface1105to allow a user to capture information into the wireless device1100. The input device may include a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a presence-sensitive input device, a display such as a presence-sensitive display, a scroll wheel, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, a microphone, a sensor, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive input device may include a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, a microphone, a sensor, or the like to sense input from a user. The presence-sensitive input device may be combined with the display to form a presence-sensitive display. Further, the presence-sensitive input device may be coupled to the processor. The sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor.

InFIG.11, the RF interface1109may be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, a receiver, and an antenna. The network connection interface1111may be configured to provide a communication interface to a network1143a. The network1143amay encompass wired and wireless communication networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, the network1143amay be a Wi-Fi network. The network connection interface1111may be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more other nodes over a communication network according to one or more communication protocols known in the art or that may be developed, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, or the like. The network connection interface1111may implement receiver and transmitter functionality appropriate to the communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter and receiver functions may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

In this embodiment, the RAM1117may be configured to interface via the bus1102to the processor1101to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. In one example, the wireless device1100may include at least one hundred and twenty-eight megabytes (128 Mbytes) of RAM. The ROM1119may be configured to provide computer instructions or data to the processor1101. For example, the ROM1119may be configured to be invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. The storage medium1121may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives. In one example, the storage medium1121may be configured to include an operating system1123, an application program1125such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application, and a data file1127.

InFIG.11, the processor1101may be configured to communicate with a network1143busing the communication subsystem1151. The network1143aand the network1143bmay be the same network or networks or different network or networks. The communication subsystem1151may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with the network1143b. The one or more transceivers may be used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another wireless device such as a base station of a radio access network (RAN) according to one or more communication protocols known in the art or that may be developed, such as IEEE 802.xx, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like.

In another example, the communication subsystem1151may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another wireless device such as user equipment according to one or more communication protocols known in the art or that may be developed, such as IEEE 802.xx, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver may include a transmitter1153or a receiver1155to implement transmitter or receiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links (e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Further, the transmitter1153and the receiver1155of each transceiver may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

In the current embodiment, the communication functions of the communication subsystem1151may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, the communication subsystem1151may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. The network1143bmay encompass wired and wireless communication networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, the network1143bmay be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and a near-field network. The power source1113may be configured to provide an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of the wireless device1100.

InFIG.11, the storage medium1121may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), a floppy disk drive, a flash memory, a USB flash drive, an external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, a high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, an internal hard disk drive, a Blu-Ray optical disc drive, a holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, an external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), an external micro-DIMM SDRAM, a smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM), other memory, or any combination thereof. The storage medium1121may allow the wireless device1100to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied in storage medium1121, which may comprise a computer-readable medium.

The functionality of the methods described herein may be implemented in one of the components of the wireless device1100or partitioned across multiple components of the wireless device1100. Further, the functionality of the methods described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, the communication subsystem1151may be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, the processor1101may be configured to communicate with any of such components over the bus1102. In another example, any of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by the processor1101performs the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any of such components may be partitioned between the processor1101and the communication subsystem1151. In another example, the non-computative-intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and the computative-intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

This disclosure introduces a mechanism for the network node (eNB) to send rate recommendation to the terminal (UE) and also a mechanism for the UE to query the eNB on a recommended bit rate, or query if a proposed bit rate may be adequately supported by the underlying transport capacity. Further, embodiments described herein may reduce the response time and increase the accuracy of adapting to the optimal bit rate on the transmission link of the rate adaptation of a client compared to solutions in the core network (CN) (e.g., Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) or application layers such as rate adaptation commands). Embodiments described herein may also limit the amount of call control signaling, reducing the risk of control signaling interfering with the media traffic.

InFIG.14, three exemplary use cases for the eNB providing the UE with information on the recommended application bit rate are described.FIG.14is presented as a half call and it is described that the information on the recommended application bit rate is exchanged by the UE and the eNB for the local link. The end-to-end usage of this information is proposed to be handled via the regular call-control signaling (e.g., Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP)) or rate adaptation commands (Codec Mode Request (CMR) for voice and Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) Temporary Maximum Media Stream Bitrate Request (TMMBR) for video).

The embodiments described herein may be applicable to both the mobile originating and mobile terminating side. In the following cases, the legacy SIP/SDP/Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) signaling procedures may be followed. Further, the information exchange may be optimized based on the Radio Access Network (RAN) assistance, leading to an improved end-user service.

In the first use case ofFIG.14, after the initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection establishment procedure, the information obtained from a UE initiated information exchange on the recommended application bit rate may be used by the UE to tailor its outgoing SDP offer/answer. With this, the amount of SIP signaling may be reduced in case the radio link may not support the requested transport capacity.

In the second use case ofFIG.14, once the call has been established, the eNB may send information on the recommended application bit rate in order for the UE to either directly adapt its media rate on the up-link or initiate a rate adaptation command (e.g., CMR and RTCP TMMBR) to its peer for adapting the down-link rate.

In the third use case ofFIG.14, during an on-going call, the UE may initiate an information exchange on the recommended application bit rate for optimizing the SIP signaling such as an end-user request to add video to the call. If the recommended application bit rate is not sufficient to support a video stream, the SIP add media procedure may not be initiated rather than being terminated on that the eNB rejects the establishment of a video bearer. Similar to the information exchange at call setup, this will reduce the SIP signaling and may, particularly in poor radio conditions, reduce the risk of the SIP signaling negatively affecting the speech quality or other service performance indicators.

For the rate recommendation from the eNB to the UE, fields indicating the logical channel identity (e.g., 4 bits), the uplink or downlink direction (e.g., 1 bit), and an index to a table of transport bandwidths (e.g., 7-11 bits) may be used. These exemplary bit field lengths may result in a total of twelve to sixteen bits (12-16 bits), but any length of the bit fields may be considered. The rate recommendation may also be given an explicit number, and not as an index to a table. The bit field for the link may also be extended to cover the case where the rate information is applicable for both the uplink and the downlink directions. This may remove the need for sending the information element explicitly for each uplink or downlink link.

In one embodiment, the information contained in a MAC CE transmitted from the eNB to the UE may be described by Table 4. This information may also include a table with, for instance, one hundred and twenty-eight (128) elements including four reserved bits for possible extensions (e.g., extending the table).

TABLE 4Example of MAC CE for eNB to UE bit rate information.0   1   2   3    4    5   6   7Logical Channel IdentityUL/DLTable IndexTable index continuedRRRR

If the information is sent via a PDCP control PDU, the logical channel identity field may not be needed since the PDCP layer is unique to a logical channel. The corresponding bits from Table 4 may thus be reserved, or the information may be formatted as in Table 5 below with no reserved bits.

TABLE 5Example of PDCP control PDU for eNB to UE bit rate information.0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7UL/DLTable index

For the UE to initiate an information exchange on the currently recommended application bit rate, an element consisting of fields indicating the desired packet treatment (e.g., 8 bits) such as latency and averaging used for computing the bit rate, the uplink or downlink direction (e.g., 1 bit), and an index to a table with tabulated values of the desired application bit rate (e.g., 7 bits). Also, the bit rate may also be an explicit number instead of an index to a table.

If the information is sent via a MAC CE, the logical channel identity may be included in order to link the information request to a specific service (e.g., Voice over LTE (VoLTE) service such as described by GSMA PRD IR.92), which uses a dedicated radio bearer for the IP Multimedia Subsystem Access Point Name (IMS APN), which is separate from the mobile broadband APN. The VoLTE media and video if GSMA PRD IR.94 services are used may then transmit on dedicated bearers on the same IMS APN.

An example of a MAC CE for the query from the UE to the eNB is given by Table 6 below.

TABLE 6Example of MAC CE for UE query toeNB on the recommended bit rate.0   1   2   3    4    5   6   7Desired packet treatmentLogical Channel IdentityUL/DLTable IndexTable index continuedRRRR

An example of a PDCP control PDU for the query from the UE to the eNB is given by Table 7.

TABLE 7Example of a PDCP control PDU for UE queryto eNB on the recommended bit rate.0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7Desired packet treatmentUL/DLTable index

In another embodiment, the UE may send a query that contains only the following: logical channel identity (no need in case it is a PDCP control PDU), UL/DL and a flag indicating the query.

TABLE 8Example of MAC CE for UE query to eNB using query indication.0   1   2   3   4     5    6   7Desired packet treatmentLogical Channel IdentityUL/DLQueryRRindication

In another embodiment, a PDCP control PDU for the query from the UE to the eNB using query indication is given by Table 9 below.

TABLE 9Example of a PDCP control PDU for UE query to eNB using query indication.0        1    2   3   4   5   6   7Desired packet treatmentUL/DLQueryRRRRRindication

The response from the eNB to the UE can use the same format as for the rate recommendation from eNB to the UE as described above, with the reserved value ‘0000’ for the field of the logical channel identity if using a MAC CE. Again, if the information is sent via a PDCP control PDU, then the field for the logical channel identity may be omitted. Possibly the eNB may respond with a bit rate either equivalent to, less than, or greater than the bit rate included in the query from the UE. Also, the eNB may send a response with reject for the query for a recommended bit rate.

If tabulated values of the bit rate are used, the bit rates may be logarithmically spaced including the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR), AMR WideBand (AMRWB), or Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) codec bit rates at the low end of the scale. It is further proposed to reserve index ‘0’ for 0 kbps and the index ‘1’ for indicating ‘release of previous bit rate recommendation’. An index may also be included to indicate ‘no bit rate recommendation is available’, this may also be used for rejecting a query from a UE on a recommended bit rate. An example of a table with bit rates and other information is given byFIG.15. InFIG.15, the first index (i.e., I=1) is used for indicating that the previous bit rate recommendation is no longer valid and no new bit rate recommendation is given. Further, the second index (i.e., I=2) is used to indicate that no bit rate recommendation is available or that the query from the UE on a recommended bit rate was rejected.

In another embodiment, a wireless device (e.g., UE) may send a query to a network node using an Information Element (IE) on either the MAC or PDCP layer on the recommended bit rate to use for its application

In another embodiment, a wireless device may adapt its sending media bit or sends an outgoing media adaptation request to its peer for reducing its sending rate based on the rate information obtained on an IE on the MAC or PDCP layer

In another embodiment, a network node may send an IE containing bit rate recommendation to a terminal on either the MAC or PDCP layer

In another embodiment, a network node may respond to a query from a terminal on the recommended bit rate used for either the uplink or downlink to the terminal.

In another embodiment, enhancements that improve the VoLTE or video quality are provided. Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) 7.2 kbps coder/decoder (codec) may be used as the baseline speech codec for evaluation, including evaluating the effects of handling up to four speech frames in one transmission. Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) Association (GSMA) Permanent Reference Document (PRD) IR.92 specifies that the UE and the entities in the Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia System (IMS) core network that terminate the user plane must request to receive one speech frame encapsulated in each RTP packet. However, in order to evaluate possible coverage enhancement benefits, one option is to consider that RAN aggregates up to four RTP packets with one speech frame encapsulated in one RTP packet and that the application encapsulates up to four packets in one RTP packet. Further, full ROHC header compression may be assumed with Buffer Status Report (BSR) and Power Headroom Report (PHR) in each transmission. The resulting required transport block size, including PDCP, Radio Link Control (RLC), and MAC headers for the different packet bundling strategies, is presented inFIG.16.FIG.16illustrates sending LS to RAN1 with recommended evaluation assumptions for VoLTE quality-related enhancements. InFIG.16, RAN aggregation of RTP packets are each composed of one speech frame. Further, application encapsulation of speech frames in one RTP packet requires updates to the VoLTE service description.

FIG.17illustrates another embodiment of a method1700performed by a wireless device for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.17, the method1700may start, for instance, at block1701, where it includes determining to request that a network node recommend a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. At block1703, the method includes generating a first information element that indicates the request. Further, the first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. At block1705, the method1700may include determining a desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. At block1707, the method1700may include determining a first index that indicates the desired data rate. Also, the first index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS.15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. At block1709, the method1700may include inserting the first index into the first information element. At block1711, the method1700may include transmitting the first information element having the request via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

FIG.18illustrates another embodiment of a method1800performed by a wireless device for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.18, the method1800may start, for instance, at block1801where it includes receiving, from a network node, a second information element that indicates a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the second information element is received via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. At block1803, the method1800may include obtaining the recommended data rate from the second information element. At block1805, the method1800may include extracting a second index that indicates the recommended data rate from the second information element. Also, the second index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS.15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. At block1807, the method1800may include determining the recommended data rate based on the second index.

FIG.19illustrates another embodiment of a method1900performed by a network node for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects as described herein. InFIG.19, the method1900may start, for instance, at block1901where it includes receiving, from a wireless device, a first information element that indicates a request for a recommended data rate by the wireless device on an uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the first information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. At block1903, the method1900may include obtaining the request for the recommended data rate from the first information element. At block1905, the method1900may include extracting a first index from the first information element. The first index may indicate a desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Also, the first index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS.15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. At block1907, the method1900may include determining the desired data rate based on the first index. At block1909, the method1900may include determining the recommended data rate based on the desired data rate. At block1911, the method1900may include generating a second information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The second information element having the recommended data rate may be sent to the wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. At block1913, the method1900may include transmitting, to the wireless device, the second information element having the recommended data rate via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel

In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system includes determining to request that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. Further, the method includes generating an information element that indicates the request. The information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include transmitting the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system may include a controller. The controller is configured to determine to request that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. The controller is also configured to generate an information element that indicates the request. The information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may include a transmitter. The transmitter may be operationally coupled to the controller circuit and may be configured to transmit the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system is configured to determine to request that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. Further, the wireless device is configured to generate an information element that indicates the request. The information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may be further configured to transmit the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system comprises means for determining to request that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. The wireless device also includes means for generating an information element that indicates the request. The information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may also include means for transmitting the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one controller circuit of a wireless device, causes the wireless device to determine to request that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. Further, the computer program causes the wireless device to generate an information element that indicates the request. The information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the computer program may cause the wireless device to transmit the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, a carrier containing the computer program may be one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.

In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system comprises determining a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel based on data rate information for the associated communication channel obtained from an information element received via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel from the network node. The method may also include generating an information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Further, the recommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the data rate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include transmitting, to the network node, the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include receiving, from the network node, the information element via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel based on data rate information for the associated communication channel obtained from an information element received via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel from the network node. The controller is further configured to generate an information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Further, the recommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the data rate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may include a transmitter. The transmitter may be operationally coupled to the controller circuit and may be configured to transmit the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system is configured to determine a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel based on data rate information for the associated communication channel obtained from an information element received via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel from the network node. Further, the wireless device is configured to generate an information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Further, the recommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the data rate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may be configured to transmit the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system comprises means for determining a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel based on data rate information for the associated communication channel obtained from an information element received via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel from the network node. The wireless device also comprises means for generating an information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Further, the recommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the data rate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may also comprise means for transmitting the information element via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one controller circuit of a wireless device, causes the wireless device to determine a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel based on data rate information for the associated communication channel obtained from an information element received via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel from the network node. Further, the computer program causes the wireless device to generate an information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Further, the recommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the data rate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, a carrier containing the computer program may be one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.

In one embodiment, a method performed by a network node for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and a wireless device in a wireless communications system includes determining a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The method also includes generating a first information element that indicates the recommended data rate. The first information element is sent to the wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include transmitting, to the wireless device, the information element via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include receiving, from the wireless device, a second information element that indicates a request for the recommended data rate by the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The second information element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. Further, the method may include extracting the request from the second information element. In addition, the step of determining the recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel may be responsive to receiving the request.

In one embodiment, a network node for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and a wireless device in a wireless communications system comprises a controller circuit. The controller circuit is configured to determine a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The controller circuit is also configured to generate a first information element that indicates the recommended data rate. Further, the first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel to the wireless device.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise a transmitter. The transmitter may be operationally coupled to the controller circuit and may be configured to transmit, to the wireless device, the first information element via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise a receiver. The receiver may be operationally coupled to the controller circuit and may be configured to receive, from the wireless device, a second information element that indicates a request for the recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the second information element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. The controller circuit may be further configured to extract the request from the second information element. In addition, the controller may be further configured to perform the step of determining the recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel responsive to receiving the request.

In another embodiment, a network node for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and a wireless device in a wireless communications system is configured to determine a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The network node is further configured to generate a first information element that indicates the recommended data rate. Also, the first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel to the wireless device.

In another embodiment, the network node may be further configured to transmit, to the wireless device, the first information element via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the network node may be further configured to receive, from the wireless device, a second information element that indicates a request for the recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Also, the second information element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. The network node may be further configured to extract the request from the second information element. In addition, the network node may be configured to determine the recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel response to receiving the request.

In one embodiment, a network node for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and a wireless device in a wireless communications system, the network node comprises means for determining a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The wireless device further comprises means for generating a first information element that indicates the recommended data rate, wherein the first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise means for transmitting the first information element via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise means for receiving, from the wireless device, a second information element that indicates a request for the recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The second information element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. The wireless device may further comprise means for extracting the request from the second information element. The wireless device may further comprise determining the recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel responsive to receiving the request.

In one embodiment, a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one controller circuit of a network node, causes the network node to determine a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. The computer program further causes the network node to generate a first information element that indicates the recommended data rate. Also, the first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel to the wireless device.

In another embodiment, a carrier containing the computer program may be one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.

In another embodiment, the protocol layer may be the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer or the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer.

ABBREVIATIONS

AbbreviationExplanation3GPP3rd Generation Partnership ProjectBSBase StationBSRBuffer Status ReportCDMACode Division Multiple AccessCPCyclic PrefixCRCCyclic Redundancy CheckCRSCell Specific Reference SignalCSIChannel State InformationCSSCommon Search SpaceDLDownlinkDFTDiscrete Fourier TransformeNBEvolved Node B (i.e., base station)E-UTRAEvolved Universal Terrestrial Radio AccessE-UTRANEvolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkEVSEnhanced Voice ServiceFDDFrequency Division DuplexGSMAGlobal System for Mobile communications (GSM)AssociationIFFTInverse Fast Fourier TransformIEInformation ElementIoTInternet of ThingsIMSIP Multimedia SystemIPInternet ProtocolLTELong Term EvolutionMBSFNMultimedia Broadcast Single Frequency NetworkMIBMaster Information BlockMIMOMultiple Input Multiple OutputMSRMulti-Standard RadioMTCMachine-Type CommunicationNWNetworkOFDMOrthogonal Frequency Division ModulationOFDMAOrthogonal Frequency Division Modulation AccessPAPower AmplifierPAPRPeak-to-Average Power RatioPBCHPhysical Broadcast ChannelPDCCHPhysical Data Control ChannelPDCPPhysical Layer Convergence ProcedurePDUProtocol Data UnitPHRPower Headroom ReportPRACHPhysical Random Access ChannelPRSPositioning Reference SignalPRBPhysical Resource BlockPRDPermanent Reference DocumentPSDPower Spectral DensityPSSPrimary Synchronization SequencePUSCHPhysical Uplink Shared ChannelRACHRandom Access ChannelRANRadio Access NetworkRATRadio Access TechnologyRFRadio FrequencyRLCRadio Link ControlRRCRadio Resource ControlRTPReal-time Transport ProtocolSoCSystem-on-a-ChipSC-FDMASingle-Carrier, Frequency Division Multiple AccessSFBCSpace Frequency Block CodingSISystem InformationSIBSystem Information BlockSIMSubscriber Identity Module or Subscriber IdentificationModuleSNRSignal to Noise RatioSRSSounding Reference SignalSSSSecondary Synchronization SequenceTDDTime Division DuplexTxTransmitterUEUser EquipmentULUplinkULSCHUpLink Shared CHannelUSSUE-specific Search SpaceUMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunications ServiceUTRANUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkVoLTEVoice over LTE serviceWB-LTEWideband LTE (i.e., corresponds to legacy LTE)WCDMAWideband CDMAZCZadoff-Chu algorithm

The previous detailed description is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, or the application and uses of the present disclosure. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding field of use, background, summary, or detailed description. The present disclosure provides various examples, embodiments and the like, which may be described herein in terms of functional or logical block elements. The various aspects described herein are presented as methods, devices (or apparatus), systems, or articles of manufacture that may include a number of components, elements, members, modules, nodes, peripherals, or the like. Further, these methods, devices, systems, or articles of manufacture may include or not include additional components, elements, members, modules, nodes, peripherals, or the like.

Furthermore, the various aspects described herein may be implemented using standard programming or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware (e.g., circuits), or any combination thereof to control a computing device to implement the disclosed subject matter. It will be appreciated that some embodiments may be comprised of one or more generic or specialized processors such as microprocessors, digital signal processors, customized processors and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and unique stored program instructions (including both software and firmware) that control the one or more processors to implement, in conjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some, most, or all of the functions of the methods, devices and systems described herein. Alternatively, some or all functions could be implemented by a state machine that has no stored program instructions, or in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), in which each function or some combinations of certain of the functions are implemented as custom logic circuits. Of course, a combination of the two approaches may be used. Further, it is expected that one of ordinary skill, notwithstanding possibly significant effort and many design choices motivated by, for example, available time, current technology, and economic considerations, when guided by the concepts and principles disclosed herein will be readily capable of generating such software instructions and programs and ICs with minimal experimentation.

The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computing device, carrier, or media. For example, a computer-readable medium may include: a magnetic storage device such as a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic strip; an optical disk such as a compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD); a smart card; and a flash memory device such as a card, stick or key drive. Additionally, it should be appreciated that a carrier wave may be employed to carry computer-readable electronic data including those used in transmitting and receiving electronic data such as electronic mail (e-mail) or in accessing a computer network such as the Internet or a local area network (LAN). Of course, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the subject matter of this disclosure.

Throughout the specification and the embodiments, the following terms take at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Relational terms such as “first” and “second,” and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to an exclusive form. Further, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean one or more unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form. The term “include”, and its various forms are intended to mean including but not limited to. References to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” “various embodiments,” and other like terms indicate that the embodiments of the disclosed technology so described may include a particular function, feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular function, feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may. The terms “substantially,” “essentially,” “approximately,” “about” or any other version thereof, are defined as being close to as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, and in one non-limiting embodiment the term is defined to be within 10%, in another embodiment within 5%, in another embodiment within 1% and in another embodiment within 0.5%. A device or structure that is “configured” in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are not listed.