Patent ID: 12218730

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.

In radio layer 1 (RAN1) Liaison Specification (LS) reply for secondary cell (SCell) beam failure recovery (BFR), current discussions are made as following. Question: Can a UE transmit a BFR medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) using uplink (UL) grant of any serving cell or should there be a restriction not to send the BFR MAC CE on failed serving cell(s)? Reply: At least from RAN1 perspective, there is no need for introducing such restrictions on MAC CE transmission for BFR in a release 16 (Rel-16). Further, RAN1 may not see a strong motivation for restriction, drawbacks of sending the BFR MAC CE on a failed SCell can be further study and discussion. Therefore, whether the UE can transmit a BFR medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) using uplink (UL) grant of any serving cell or whether there is a restriction for the UE not to transmit the BFR MAC CE on failed serving cell(s) is still an open issue.

Therefore, some embodiments of the present disclosure propose an apparatus (such as a user equipment (UE) and/or a base station) and a method of wireless communication, which can solve issues in the prior art, provide MAC CE and/or SR transmission for BFR, provide a good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

FIG.1illustrates that, in some embodiments, one or more user equipments (UEs)10and a base station (e.g., gNB or eNB)20for wireless communication in a communication network system30according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system30includes the one or more UEs10and the base station20. The one or more UEs10may include a memory12, a transceiver13, and a processor11coupled to the memory12and the transceiver13. The base station20may include a memory22, a transceiver23, and a processor21coupled to the memory22and the transceiver23. The processor11or21may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and/or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor11or21. The memory12or22is operatively coupled with the processor11or21and stores a variety of information to operate the processor11or21. The transceiver13or23is operatively coupled with the processor11or21, and the transceiver13or23transmits and/or receives a radio signal.

The processor11or21may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and/or data processing device. The memory12or22may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/or other storage device. The transceiver13or23may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals.

When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory12or22and executed by the processor11or21. The memory12or22can be implemented within the processor11or21or external to the processor11or21in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor11or21via various means as is known in the art.

In some embodiments, the processor11performs one or more of generating a beam failure recovery (BFR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) and triggering a scheduling request (SR) for BFR if the processor11determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled. This can solve issues in the prior art, provide MAC CE and/or SR transmission for BFR, provide a good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

In some embodiments, the processor11determines that the at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled is determined in a BFR procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE is generated in a multiplexing and assembly procedure. The multiplexing and assembly procedure may comprise a logical channel prioritization (LCP) procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a secondary cell (SCell) BFR MAC CE. In some embodiments, triggering the SR for BFR comprises triggering the SR for SCell BFR for each SCell for which BFR has been triggered and not cancelled.

In some embodiments, if uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization (LCP), the processor11generates the BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a truncated BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the processor11generates the BFR MAC CE and triggers the SR for SCell BFR.

In some embodiments, the transceiver13is allowed to transmit the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant, and if there is only available UL grant on a failed SCell, the processor11triggers and control the transceiver13transmits the BFR MAC CE with the UL grant on the failed SCell, and the processor11triggers the SR for BFR.

In some embodiments, if only UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the processor11triggers the SR for SCell BFR.

In some embodiments, the transceiver13is allowed to transmit the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant except an UL grant on a failed SCell.

In some embodiments, if there is no available UL grant except on the failed SCell, the processor11triggers the SR for BFR to acquire an UL grant for BFR MAC CE transmission.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell and a non-failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the processor11generates the BFR MAC CE on the non-failed SCell.

In some embodiments, if there are available UL grants on the failed SCell and the non-failed SCell, the processor11skips the available UL grant on the failed SCell and uses the available UL grant on the non-failed SCell for BFR MAC CE transmission.

In some embodiments, the processor11skipping the available UL grant on the failed SCell comprises the processor11regarding the available UL grant on the failed SCell as an invalid UL grant. In some embodiments, if there are multiple available UL grants on the non-failed SCell, the processor11can choose the UL grant on the non-failed SCell according to one or more of the followings: UE implementation, choosing a closest available UL grant on time domain, and choosing a SCell with a strongest radio condition.

In some embodiments, the transceiver23receives, from the user equipment (UE)10, one or more of a beam failure recovery (BFR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) and a scheduling request (SR) for BFR if the processor21determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled. This can solve issues in the prior art, provide MAC CE and/or SR transmission for BFR, provide a good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

In some embodiments, the processor21determines that the at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled in a BFR procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE is generated in a multiplexing and assembly procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a secondary cell (SCell) BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, receiving, from the UE10by the transceiver23, the SR for BFR comprises receiving, from the UE10by the transceiver23, the SR for SCell BFR for each SCell for which BFR has been triggered and not cancelled.

In some embodiments, if uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization (LCP), the transceiver23receives the BFR MAC CE from the UE10.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a truncated BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the transceiver23receives, from the UE10, the BFR MAC CE and the SR for SCell BFR.

In some embodiments, the transceiver23is configured to receive the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant, and if there is only available UL grant on a failed SCell, the transceiver23receives, from the UE10, the BFR MAC CE with the UL grant on the failed SCell, and the transceiver23receives the SR for BFR from the UE10.

In some embodiments, if only UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the transceiver23receives the SR for SCell BFR from the UE10.

In some embodiments, the transceiver23is configured to receive the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant except an UL grant on a failed SCell.

In some embodiments, if there is no available UL grant except on the failed SCell, the transceiver23receives the SR for BFR from the UE10and the processor21allows the UE10to acquire an UL grant for BFR MAC CE transmission.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell and a non-failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the transceiver23receives, from the UE10, the BFR MAC CE on the non-failed SCell.

In some embodiments, if there are available UL grants on the failed SCell and the non-failed SCell, the available UL grant on the failed SCell is skipped and the available UL grant on the non-failed SCell for BFR MAC CE transmission is used.

In some embodiments, skipping the available UL grant on the failed SCell comprises regarding the available UL grant on the failed SCell as an invalid UL grant.

In some embodiments, if there are multiple available UL grants on the non-failed SCell, the UL grant on the non-failed SCell is selected according to one or more of the followings: UE implementation, choosing a closest available UL grant on time domain, and choosing a SCell with a strongest radio condition.

FIG.2illustrates a method200of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE)10according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the method200includes: a block202, performing, by the UE10, one or more of generating a beam failure recovery (BFR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) and triggering a scheduling request (SR) for BFR if the UE10determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled. This can solve issues in the prior art, provide MAC CE and/or SR transmission for BFR, provide a good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

In some embodiments, the UE10determines that the at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled in a BFR procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE is generated in a multiplexing and assembly procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a secondary cell (SCell) BFR MAC CE. In some embodiments, triggering the SR for BFR comprises triggering the SR for SCell BFR for each SCell for which BFR has been triggered and not cancelled.

In some embodiments, if uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization (LCP), the UE10generates the BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a truncated BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the UE10generates the BFR MAC CE and triggers the SR for SCell BFR.

In some embodiments, the UE10is allowed to transmit the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant, and if there is only available UL grant on a failed SCell, the UE10triggers and transmits the BFR MAC CE with the UL grant on the failed SCell, and the UE10triggers the SR for BFR.

In some embodiments, if only UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the UE10triggers the SR for SCell BFR.

In some embodiments, the UE10is allowed to transmit the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant except an UL grant on a failed SCell.

In some embodiments, if there is no available UL grant except on the failed SCell, the UE10triggers the SR for BFR to acquire an UL grant for BFR MAC CE transmission.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell and a non-failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the UE10generates the BFR MAC CE on the non-failed SCell. In some embodiments, if there are available UL grants on the failed SCell and the non-failed SCell, the UE10skips the available UL grant on the failed SCell and uses the available UL grant on the non-failed SCell for BFR MAC CE transmission.

In some embodiments, the UE10skipping the available UL grant on the failed SCell comprises the UE10regarding the available UL grant on the failed SCell as an invalid UL grant.

In some embodiments, if there are multiple available UL grants on the non-failed SCell, the UE10can choose the UL grant on the non-failed SCell according to one or more of the followings: UE implementation, choosing a closest available UL grant on time domain, and choosing a SCell with a strongest radio condition.

FIG.3illustrates a method300of wireless communication by a base station20according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the method300includes: a block302, receiving, from a user equipment (UE)10by the base station, one or more of a beam failure recovery (BFR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) and a scheduling request (SR) for BFR if the base station20determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled. This can solve issues in the prior art, provide MAC CE and/or SR transmission for BFR, provide a good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

In some embodiments, the base station20determines that the at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled in a BFR procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE is generated in a multiplexing and assembly procedure.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a secondary cell (SCell) BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, receiving, from the UE10by the base station20, the SR for BFR comprises receiving, from the UE10by the base station20, the SR for SCell BFR for each SCell for which BFR has been triggered and not cancelled.

In some embodiments, if uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization (LCP), the base station20receives the BFR MAC CE from the UE10.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE comprises a truncated BFR MAC CE.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the base station20receives, from the UE10, the BFR MAC CE and the SR for SCell BFR.

In some embodiments, the base station20is configured to receive the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant, and if there is only available UL grant on a failed SCell, the base station20receives, from the UE10, the BFR MAC CE with the UL grant on the failed SCell, and the base station20receives the SR for BFR from the UE10.

In some embodiments, if only UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the base station20receives the SR for SCell BFR from the UE10.

In some embodiments, the base station20is configured to receive the BFR MAC CE on any UL grant except an UL grant on a failed SCell.

In some embodiments, if there is no available UL grant except on the failed SCell, the base station20receives the SR for BFR from the UE10and allows the UE10to acquire an UL grant for BFR MAC CE transmission.

In some embodiments, if UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell and a non-failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, the base station20receives, from the UE10, the BFR MAC CE on the non-failed SCell.

In some embodiments, if there are available UL grants on the failed SCell and the non-failed SCell, the available UL grant on the failed SCell is skipped and the available UL grant on the non-failed SCell for BFR MAC CE transmission is used.

In some embodiments, skipping the available UL grant on the failed SCell comprises regarding the available UL grant on the failed SCell as an invalid UL grant.

In some embodiments, if there are multiple available UL grants on the non-failed SCell, the UL grant on the non-failed SCell is selected according to one or more of the followings: UE implementation, choosing a closest available UL grant on time domain, and choosing a SCell with a strongest radio condition.

MAC Entities:

FIG.1illustrates that, in some embodiments, MAC entity of the UE10handles the following transport channels: broadcast channel (BCH), downlink shared channel(s) (DL-SCH), paging channel (PCH), uplink shared channel(s) (UL-SCH), and random access channel(s) (RACH). In addition, the MAC entity of the UE10handles the following transport channel for sidelink: sidelink shared channel (SL-SCH), and sidelink broadcast channel (SL-BCH). When the UE10is configured with SCG, two MAC entities are configured to the UE: one for a master cell group (MCG) and one for a secondary cell group (SCG). If the MAC entity is configured with one or more SCells, there are multiple DL-SCHs and there may be multiple UL-SCHs as well as multiple RACHs per MAC entity, one DL-SCH, one UL-SCH, and one RACH on a special Cell (SpCell), one DL-SCH, zero or one UL-SCH, and zero or one RACH for each SCell.

In some embodiments, for dual connectivity operation, the term SpCell refers to a primary cell (PCell) of the MCG or a primary SCell (pSCell) of the SCG depending on if the MAC entity is associated to the MCG or the SCG, respectively. Otherwise the term SpCell refers to the PCell. A SpCell supports a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission and a contention-based random access, and is always activated.

Logical Channel Prioritization (LCP):

LCP procedure is applied whenever a new transmission is performed. radio resource control (RRC) controls a scheduling of uplink data by signalling for each logical channel per MAC entity. RRC additionally controls the LCP procedure by configuring mapping restrictions for each logical channel.

In some embodiments, the BFR MAC CE is generated in a multiplexing and assembly procedure. The multiplexing and assembly procedure may comprise a logical channel prioritization (LCP) procedure.

Scheduling Request (SR):

SR is used for requesting UL-SCH resources for new transmission. The MAC entity may be configured with zero, one, or more SR configurations. An SR configuration consists of a set of PUCCH resources for SR across different bandwidth parts (BWPs) and cells. For a logical channel or for SCell beam failure recovery (BFR), at most one PUCCH resource for SR is configured per BWP. Each SR configuration corresponds to one or more logical channels and/or to SCell beam failure recovery. Each logical channel, SCell beam failure recovery may be mapped to zero or one SR configuration, which is configured by RRC. When an SR is triggered, it shall be considered as pending until it is cancelled.

Example

Beam Failure Detection and Recovery Procedure:

The MAC entity may be configured by RRC per serving Cell with a beam failure recovery procedure which is used for indicating to the serving gNB of a new synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel block (SSB) or control state information (CSI)-reference signal (RS) when beam failure is detected on the serving SSB(s)/CSI-RS(s). Beam failure is detected by counting beam failure instance indication from the lower layers to the MAC entity. If beamFailureRecoveryConfig is reconfigured by upper layers during an ongoing random access procedure for beam failure recovery for SpCell, the MAC entity shall stop the ongoing random access procedure and initiate a random access procedure using the new configuration.

FIG.1illustrates that, in some embodiments, a UE10transmits a SCell BFR MAC CE according to at least one of the followings.(a) The UE10is allowed to transmit the SCell BFR MAC CE on any UL grant, and if there is only available UL grant on a failed SCell, the UE10triggers and transmits the BFR MAC CE with the UL grant on the failed SCell, at the same time, the UE10triggers a BFR SR. By doing this, the UE10may receive an UL grant scheduling in case the BFR MAC CE transmission failure.(b) the UE10is allowed to transmit the SCell BFR MAC CE on any UL grant except the UL grant on the failed SCell. If there is no available UL grant except on the failed SCell, the UE10trigger the BFR SR to acquire UL grant for BFR MAC CE transmission; or if there is available UL grant on both failed SCell(s) and non-failed SCell(s), the UE10skips the available UL grant (for example, the UE10may regard this UL grant as an invalid grant) on failed SCell(s), and uses the available UL grant on non-failed SCell(s) for BFR MAC CE transmission.

Furthermore, if there are multiple available UL grants on non-failed SCell(s), the UE10can choose the UL grant in either of the following ways: UE implementation; choosing the closest available UL grant on time domain; or choosing the SCell with strongest radio condition.

If the BFR for SCell is triggered, the specification regarding 3GPP 38.321 section 5.17 can be added or changed as following:

For (a):

The MAC entity shall:1> if the beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled:2> if UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the SCell BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization (LCP):3> instruct the multiplexing and assembly procedure to generate the SCell BFR MAC CE and trigger a scheduling request (SR) for SCell beam failure recovery.

For (b):

The MAC entity shall:1> if the beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled:2> if only UL-SCH resources on a failed SCell are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the SCell BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization (LCP):3> trigger a scheduling request (SR) for SCell beam failure recovery (BFR).2> if UL-SCH resources on both failed SCell(s) and non-failed SCell(s) are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the SCell BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization (LCP):3> instruct the multiplexing and assembly procedure to generate the SCell BFR MAC CE on the non-failed SCell.

Further, the specification regarding 3GPP 38.321 section 5.17 can be added or changed as following:

The MAC entity shall:1> if the beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled:2> if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP:3> instruct the multiplexing and assembly procedure to generate the BFR MAC CE.2> else if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the truncated BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP:3> instruct the multiplexing and assembly procedure to generate the truncated BFR MAC CE.2> else:3> trigger the SR for SCell beam failure recovery for each SCell for which BFR has been triggered and not cancelled.

In some embodiments, all BFRs triggered prior to MAC protocol data unit (PDU) assembly for beam failure recovery for an SCell shall be cancelled when a MAC PDU is transmitted and this PDU includes a BFR MAC CE or truncated BFR MAC CE which contains beam failure information of that SCell.

In some embodiments, once a target receives a status report, the target can retransmit DL data based on the status report, and a redundant retransmission can be avoided by adding new triggers for the status report.

Commercial interests for some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solving issues in the prior art. 2. Providing MAC CE and/or SR transmission for BFR. 4. Providing a high reliability. 5. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are used by 5G-NR chipset vendors, V2X communication system development vendors, automakers including cars, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, moto-bikes, helmets, and etc., drones (unmanned aerial vehicles), smartphone makers, communication devices for public safety use, AR/VR device maker for example gaming, conference/seminar, education purposes.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of “techniques/processes” that can be adopted in 3GPP specification to create an end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure could be adopted in the 5G NR unlicensed band communications.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose technical mechanisms.

FIG.4is a block diagram of an example system700for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software.FIG.4illustrates the system700including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry710, a baseband circuitry720, an application circuitry730, a memory/storage740, a display750, a camera760, a sensor770, and an input/output (I/O) interface780, coupled with each other at least as illustrated. The application circuitry730may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory/storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems running on the system.

The baseband circuitry720may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that enables communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.

For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).

Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry720may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency.

For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency. The RF circuitry710may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.

In various embodiments, the RF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.

In various embodiments, the RF circuitry710may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency.

For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.

In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to the user equipment, eNB, or gNB may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry, the baseband circuitry, and/or the application circuitry. As used herein, “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or a memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality.

In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules.

In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the application circuitry, and/or the memory/storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC). The memory/storage740may be used to load and store data and/or instructions, for example, for system. The memory/storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM)), and/or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.

In various embodiments, the I/O interface780may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and/or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface. In various embodiments, the sensor770may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and/or location information related to the system.

In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and/or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.

In various embodiments, the display750may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display.

In various embodiments, the system700may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, an AR/VR glasses, etc.

In various embodiments, system may have more or less components, and/or different architectures. Where appropriate, methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.

A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and steps described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware or combinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person having ordinary skill in the art can use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations should not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he/she can refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.

It is understood that the disclosed system, device, and method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized with other ways.

The above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary only. The division of the units is merely based on logical functions while other divisions exist in realization. It is possible that a plurality of units or components are combined or integrated in another system. It is also possible that some characteristics are omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communicative coupling operate through some ports, devices, or units whether indirectly or communicatively by ways of electrical, mechanical, or other kinds of forms.

The units as separating components for explanation are or are not physically separated. The units for display are or are not physical units, that is, located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purposes of the embodiments. Moreover, each of the functional units in each of the embodiments can be integrated in one processing unit, physically independent, or integrated in one processing unit with two or more than two units.

If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure can be essentially or partially realized as the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to the conventional technology can be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the steps disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.

While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.