Patent ID: 12252546

EXAMPLES

In the following Examples, the antibody “18D5” (or “m18D5”) corresponds to the mouse antibody 18D5, the “chimeric” antibody corresponds to the chimeric mouse/human 18D5 antibody, and the antibodies “HALA, HALB, HBLA, HBLB, HCLA, HCLB, HELA, HELB, HFLA, HFLB, HEFLA and HEFLB” correspond to specific humanized 18D5 variants. The antibodies 6G10 and 12D7 belong to the Applicant; these antibodies have been obtained by the same method than m18D5 and are used as control. These control antibodies are IgG2a mouse monoclonal anti-human SIRPa antibodies.

In addition, commercial antibodies were used for comparison. The first one is an anti-SIRPa antibody, named SE7C2 (Santa Cruz sc-23863); the second antibody is an antibody able to recognize both SIRP α/β and is named SE5A5 (BioLegend BLE323802); and the third one is an anti-human SIRPa antibody named Kwar23 (Creative Biolabs). An anti-human SIRPa antibody named SIRP29 from University of Toronto described in the PCT application WO2013056352 was also used for comparison.

Example 1

Binding Analyses of the Anti-SIRPa Antibodies on SIRPa by ELISA

Method: The binding activity of the anti-SIRPa antibodies was assessed by ELISA. For the ELISA assay with the chimeric antibody, the humanized antibodies, SIRP29 and Kwar23, a recombinant hSIRPa (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11612-H08H) was immobilized on plastic at 0.5 μg/ml in carbonate buffer (pH9.2) and the purified antibody was added to measure binding. After incubation and washing, peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-human IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch; USA; reference 709-035-149) was added and revealed by conventional methods.

For the ELISA assay with the mouse antibodies, a recombinant hSIRPa (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 10975-H08H) was immobilized on plastic at 0.5 μg/ml in carbonate buffer (pH9.2) and the purified antibody was added to measure binding. After incubation and washing, peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse Fc chain (Jackson Immunoresearch; reference 115-036-071) was added and revealed by conventional methods.

Results: As shown inFIG.1A,1B and1C, the binding activity of the different anti-SIRPa antibodies on SIRPa as measured by ELISA showed effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.9 ng/ml for the chimeric antibody, 3.9 ng/ml for HALA, 5.1 ng/ml for HFLA, 4.0 ng/ml for HFLB, 7.1 ng/ml for HEFLA, 4.4 ng/ml HEFLB in a first experiment, 4.06 ng/ml for the chimeric antibody, 5.60 ng/ml for HCLA, 5.59 ng/ml for HCLB, 4.61 ng/ml for HELA, 4.13 ng/ml for HELB in a second experiment, and 2.74 ng/ml for the chimeric antibody, 2.53 ng/ml for HALB, 2.68 ng/ml for HBLA, 2.95 ng/ml for HBLB in a third experiment. Those results indicate that the antibodies of the invention tested are good SIRPa binders by ELISA as compared to other known anti-SIRPa antibodies SIRP29 (3.7 ng/ml) and Kwar23 (3.3 ng/ml). Those results indicate that the epitope recognized by all the antibodies of the invention is accessible when SIRPa is coated on a plastic well.

As shown inFIG.1D, the binding activity of different anti-SIRPa antibodies on SIRPa as measured by ELISA showed an effective dose (ED50) of 0.16 nM (24 ng/ml) for SE5A5 and 0.06 nM (9 ng/ml) for the clone m18D5. The clones 6G10 and 12D7 did not seem to bind SIRPa by ELISA assay. Those results indicate that the clone m18D5 is a good SIRPa binder by ELISA compared to a commercial antibody and indicate that the epitope recognized by this clone is accessible when SIRPa is coated on a plastic well compared to clones 6G10 and 12D7.

Example 2

Biosensor Affinity Measurement of the Anti-SIRPa Antibodies for SIRPa

Method: Recombinant hSIRPa (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11612-H08H) was immobilized into a CM5 sensor chip (GeHealthcare; France) at 5 μg/ml (500 RU) and antibodies were applied at different concentrations with a flow rate of 40 μl/min. Analysis was performed with a BIAcore 3000 (Biacore, GeHealthcare). Values were measured after an association period (ka) of 3 min followed by a dissociation period of 10 min (kd) to determine affinity constant (KD).

Results: As shown inFIG.2, the antibodies of the invention have a strong affinity (KD) for SIRPa (from 1.93e-10 M to 3.67e-10 M), which is equivalent to the affinity of the known anti-SIRPa antibodies SIRP29 and Kwar23 and better than the affinity of the commercial anti-SIRPa antibodies SE7C2 and SE5A5.

Example 3

SIRPa Binding Assay on Human Monocytes by Cytofluorometry

Method: To measure the binding of the anti-SIRPa antibodies on human monocytes, human Fc Receptor Binding Inhibitor (BD pharmingen; USA; reference 564220) was first added for 30 min at room-temperature to block human Fc receptors on human monocytes to reduce background. Then, an antibody was incubated for 30 min at 4° C., and washed before stained 30 min at 4° C. with PE-labeled anti-human IgG Fc (Biolegend; USA; reference 409303). For the mouse antibodies, a PE-labeled anti-mouseIgG (Jackson Immunoresearch; reference 715-116-151) was used. Samples were analyzed on BD LSRII or Canto II cytofluorometer.

Results: As shown inFIG.3, the results indicate a strong binding of the anti-SIRPa antibodies of the invention on human monocytes and a binder binding (as measured with the MFI (Median Fluorescent Intensity)) that the known anti-SIRPa antibodies Kwar23, SE7C2 and SE5A5.

Example 4

Competitive Analysis Between CD47 and the Anti-SIRPa Antibodies by Antagonist ELISA Assay

Method: For competitive ELISA assay, recombinant hSIRPa (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11612-H08H) was immobilized on plastic at 0.5 μg/ml in carbonate buffer (pH9.2). For the chimeric antibody, the humanized antibodies, SIRP29 and Kwar23, a purified antibody (at different concentrations) was mixed with 6 μg/ml final (fix concentration) of biotinylated Human CD47Fc (AcroBiosystems interchim; France; reference: #CD7-H82F6) to measure competitive binding for 2 h at 37° C. After incubation and washing, peroxidase-labeled streptavidin (Vector laboratoring; USA; reference SA-5004) was added to detect Biotin-CD47Fc binding and revealed by conventional methods.

For the mouse antibodies, a purified antibody (at different concentrations) was mixed with 0.04 μg/ml of CD47Fc (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 12283-H02H) to measure competitive binding for 2 h at 37° C. After incubation and washing, peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-human Fc chain (Jackson Immunoresearch; reference 709-035-149) was added to detect CD47Fc binding and revealed by conventional methods.

Results: As shown inFIG.4, the antibodies of the invention have an antagonist activity on the SIRPa-CD47 interaction. In particular, it is observed that the chimeric antibody, HFLA, HFLB, HEFLA and HEFLB have a better antagonist activity as compared to the antagonist activity of SIRP29 and the commercial anti-SIRPa antibody SE5A5.

Example 5

Competitive Analysis Between CD47 and the Humanized Anti-SIRPa Antibodies on Human Monocytes by Antagonist Cytofluorometry Assay

Method: To measure the competition between CD47 and the humanized anti-SIRPa antibodies on human monocytes, a purified antibody was added on monocytes for 15 min at 4° C., then mixed with 5 μg/ml final of biotinylated Human CD47Fc (AcroBiosystems interchim; France; reference: #CD7-H82F6) and incubated for 30 min at 4° C. to measure competitive binding antibody. After incubation and washing, PE-labeled streptavidin (BDBiosciences; USA; reference 554061) was added for 15 min at 4° C. to detect Biotin-CD47Fc binding and analyzed on BD LSRII or Canto II cytofluorometer.

To measure the competition between CD47 and the mouse anti-hSIRPa antibodies on human monocytes, a purified antibody was added on monocytes for 15 min at 4° C., then mixed with 5 μg/ml final of CD47Fc (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 12283-H02H) and incubated for 15 min at 4° C. to measure competitive binding antibody. After incubation and washing, FITC-labeled anti-human Fc (Beckman Coulter; reference IM1627) was added for 15 min at 4° C. to detect CD47Fc binding and analyzed on BD LSRII or Canto II cytofluorometer.

Results: As shown inFIG.5, the antibodies of the invention have an antagonist activity on SIRPa-CD47 interaction on human monocytes.

Example 6

Blitz Method Competition with SP-D

Method: This method was performed with a Blitz (Forté Bio; USA; reference C22-2 No 61010-1).

Condition A: SIRPa+Anti-SIRPa antibody+Surfactant Protein D (SP-D). In a first step, SIRPa (His) recombinant protein (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11612-H08H) was immobilized at 10 μg/ml by histidine tail into a Ni-NTA biosensor (Forté Bio; USA; reference 18-0029) for 30 seconds. In a second step, anti-SIRPa antibodies were added at 20 μg/mL (saturating concentration) for 120 seconds. Then, human SP-D (R et D Systems; USA; reference 1920-SP-050) was associated at 100 μg/mL, in competition with anti-SIRPa antibodies, for 120 seconds. The dissociation of SP-D was made in kinetics buffer for 120 seconds. Analysis of data was made with the Blitz pro 1.2 software, which calculated association constant (ka) and dissociation constant (kd) and determined the affinity constant KD (ka/kd).

Condition B: SIRPa+Surfactant Protein D (SP-D)+Anti-SIRPa antibody. In a first step, Sirp-a (His) recombinant protein (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11612-H08H) was immobilized at 10 μg/ml by histidine tail into a Ni-NTA biosensor (Forté Bio; USA; reference 18-0029) for 30 seconds. In a second step, human SP-D (R et D Systems; USA; reference 1920-SP-050) was added at 100 μg/mL for 120 seconds. Then, anti-SIRPa antibodies were associated at 20 μg/mL (saturating concentration) for 120 seconds. The dissociation of anti-SIRPa antibody was made in kinetics buffer for 120 seconds. Analysis data was made with the Blitz pro 1.2 software, which calculated association constant (ka) and dissociation constant (kd) and determined the affinity constant KD (ka/kd).

Results: As shown inFIG.6, the binding of the anti-SIRPa antibody 18D5 does not block the binding of SP-D to SIRPa and the binding of SP-D does not block the binding of 18D5 to SIRPa. Thus, the antibody of the invention does not inhibit the interaction between SIRPa and SP-D.

Example 7

Affinity of the Anti-SIRPa Antibodies for SIRPb by Blitz Method

Method: This method was performed with a Blitz (Forté Bio; USA; reference C22-2 No 61010-1). Recombinant hSIRPb-His (Antibodies-online; USA; reference ABIN3077231) was immobilized at 10 μg/ml by histidine tail into a Ni-NTA biosensor (Forté Bio; USA; reference 18-0029) for 30 seconds. Then, an anti-SIRPa antibody was associated at 20 μg/mL for 120 seconds. The dissociation of anti-SIRPa antibody was made in kinetics buffer for 120 seconds. Analysis of data was made with the Blitz pro 1.2 software, which calculated association constant (ka) and dissociation constant (kd) and determined the affinity constant KD (ka/kd).

Results: As shown inFIG.7A, the antibodies of the invention have a lower affinity for SIRPb as compared to SIRPa. In particular, it is noted that the chimeric antibody, HFLA, HFLB, HEFLA, HEFLB have a reduced affinity for SIRPb as compared to SIRP29 and Kwar23.

Example 8

ELISA Binding of Anti-SIRP Antibodies on SIRPb

Method: For activity ELISA assay, recombinant hSIRPb-His (Antibodies-online; USA; reference ABIN1466557) was immobilized on plastic at 1 μg/ml in carbonate buffer (pH9.2) and a purified antibody was added to measure binding. After incubation and washing, peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-human IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch; USA; reference 709-035-149) was added and revealed by conventional methods.

Results: As shown inFIG.7B, the anti-SIRPa antibodies have a low affinity for SIRPb. It must be indicated that the revelation was performed with a donkey anti-human antibody for all antibodies except for B4B6 (revealed with a mouse antibody), which may explain that the signal obtained for the anti-SIRPb antibody B4B6 is lower than the signal obtained for the anti-SIRPa antibodies.

Example 9

Affinity Analysis of the Anti-SIRPa Antibodies for SIRPg by Blitz Method

Method: This method was performed with a Blitz (Forté Bio; USA; reference C22-2 No 61010-1). Recombinant hSIRPg-His (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11828-H08H) was immobilized at 10 μg/ml by histidine tail into a Ni-NTA biosensor (Forté Bio; USA; reference 18-0029) for 30 seconds. Then, an anti-SIRPa antibody was associated at 20 μg/mL for 120 seconds. The dissociation of anti-SIRPa antibody was made in kinetics buffer for 120 seconds. Analysis of data was made with the Blitz pro 1.2 software, which calculated association constant (ka) and dissociation constant (kd) and determined the affinity constant KD (ka/kd).

Results: As shown inFIG.8A, the anti-SIRPa antibodies of the invention have a low affinity for SIRPg. This affinity is slightly weaker than the affinity of the known anti-SIRPa antibodies SIRP29 and Kwar23. However, the kinetics properties differ between anti-SIRPa antibodies, SIRP29 and Kwar23, with a high dissociation rate constant (Kd) for anti-SIRPa antibodies as compared to SIRP29 and Kwar23. In particular, HFLB has the lowest affinity for SIRPg with a KD value of 1.036e-7 M that equals to a 2-log difference as compared to the KD values of SIRP29 and Kwar23.

Example 10

ELISA Binding of the Anti-SIRP Antibodies on SIRPg

Method: For activity ELISA assay, hSIRPg-His (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11828-H08H) was immobilized on plastic at 1 μg/ml in carbonate buffer (pH9.2) and purified antibody were added to measure binding. After incubation and washing, peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-human IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch; USA; reference 709-035-149) was added and revealed by conventional methods.

Results: As shown inFIG.8B, the anti-SIRPa antibody HEFLB does not bind SIRPg while the known anti-SIRPa antibodies SIRP29 and Kwar23 show a significant binding to SIRPg.

Example 11

Blitz Method Competition with CD47 for SIRPg: SIRPg+Anti-SIRPa Antibody+CD47

Method: This method was performed with a Blitz (Forté Bio; USA; reference C22-2 No 61010-1). In a first step, hSIRPg-His (Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 11828-H08H) was immobilized at 10 μg/ml by histidine tail into a Ni-NTA biosensor (Forté Bio; USA; reference 18-0029) for 30 seconds. In a second step, an anti-SIRPa antibody was added at 20 μg/mL (saturating concentration) for 120 seconds. Then, human CD47Fc ((Sino Biologicals, Beijing, China; reference 12283-H02H) was associated at 100 μg/mL, in competition with anti-SIRPa antibodies, for 120 seconds. The dissociation of CD47Fc was made in kinetics buffer for 120 seconds. Analysis data was made with the Blitz pro 1.2 software, which calculated association constant (ka) and dissociation constant (kd) and determined the affinity constant KD (ka/kd).

Results: As shown inFIG.9, the anti-SIRPa HEFLB of the invention does not compete with the binding of CD47 to SIRPg. At the opposite, the other known antibodies SIRP29 and, in particular, kwar23 compete with the binding of CD47 to SIRPg.

Example 12

Binding to Blood Cells by Flow Cytometry

Method: The experiment was realized to analyze the binding of the anti-SIRPa antibodies on human blood cells. CD3-positive T lymphocytes, red blood cells and platelets were extracted from purified blood from healthy volunteers. Cells were then stained for 30 min at 4° C. with 10 micrograms/ml of each tested antibody, washed and then stained with a secondary fluorescent anti-IgG antibody for another 30 min at 4° C. After washes, cells were analyzed on a CANTO II (BD Bioscience) flow cytometer.

Results: As shown inFIG.10, the T cells, the red blood cells and the platelets are positive for CD47, which is expressed ubiquitously, and they were stained with the B6H12 antibody. The SIRP29 and the Kwar23 antibodies, like LSB2.20 (specific anti-SIRPγ antibody), bind to T cells that are known to express SIRPγ. However, the anti-SIRPa humanized 18D5 antibody does not bind to the T cells (same results obtained with four different 18D5 humanized variants tested). Red blood cells and platelets do not express SIRPa and, thus, they were not revealed with the humanized 18D5 antibody and the other anti-SIRPa antibodies. This result shows the specificity of the humanized 18D5 antibody for SIRPa on live cells as compared to the known anti-SIRPa antibodies.

As shown inFIG.11, the T-cells are not stained by the humanized 18D5 antibody (same results obtained with five different 18D5 humanized variants tested) and with the chimeric 18D5 (data not shown) whereas more than 70% of T cells are stained by SIRP29 and Kwar23.

Example 13

Human CD3+ T Cell Proliferation

Method: hPBMC were isolated from buffy coat of healthy volunteers. CD4 or CD8 T cells were selected by positive selection using an AutoMACS (Miltenyi) and plated in 96-round well plate (50 000 cells/well). The proliferative signals were provided by either anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated microbeads (LifeTechnologies) at a 1 bead for 1 T cell ratio during three days, or allogeneic mature dendritic cells generated in vitro at a 5 T cell for 1 mDC during 5 days or with different concentrations of tuberculin unpurified protein derivative (PPD) for 5 days. Antibodies targeting the SIRPa/CD47 pathway were added from the beginning of the proliferation test at a saturating concentration (10 μg/mL). Proliferation was measured by incorporation of H3-thymidine during the last 12 h of culture.

Results: As shown inFIG.12, the anti-SIRPa antibody HALA and HEFLB variants do not inhibit the T cell proliferation when T cells are stimulated with anti-CD3+ anti-CD28 beads (A) (C) or with allogenic dendritic cells (B) (D) or with PPD (E), whereas the anti-SIRPa Kwar23 inhibits T cell proliferation when T cells are stimulated with allogenic dendritic cells. As expected, the anti-CD47 antibodies and the anti-SIRPg antibody are inhibitors of the T cell proliferation.

Example 14

Mouse CD8+ T Cell Proliferation

Method: Splenocytes were isolated from naïve mice. CD8 T cells were selected by positive selection using an AutoMACS (Miltenyi) and plated in 96-round well plate (50 000 cells/well). The proliferative signals were provided by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated microbeads (LifeTechnologies) at a 1 bead for 1 T cell ratio during three days. A mouse anti-SIRPa antibody (P84) and an anti-CD47 antibody (MIAP310) targeting the SIRPa/CD47 pathway were added from the beginning of the proliferation test at a saturating concentration (10 μg/mL). Proliferation was measured by incorporation of H3-thymidine during the last 12 h of culture.

Results: As shown inFIG.13, there is no inhibition of the anti-SIRPa or anti-CD47 antibody on the proliferation of mouse T cells. This result is explained by the fact that mice does not express the SIRPg gene. Thus, mice can be used as a model to predict the in vivo effects of a specific anti-SIRPa antibody that does not bind SIRPg. In contrast, anti-CD47 or non-selective anti-SIRPa antibodies in vivo preclinical efficacy, in particular on adaptive immunity and generation of memory T lymphocytes, is not predictive of human situation.

Example 15

Human T Cell Proliferation

Method: hPBMC were isolated from buffy coat of healthy volunteers. CD4 or CD8 T cells were selected by positive selection using an AutoMACS (Miltenyi) and plated in 96-round well plate (50 000 cells/well). The proliferative signals were provided by either anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated microbeads (LifeTechnologies) at a 1 bead for 1 T cell ratio during three days, or allogeneic mature dendritic cells generated in vitro at a 5 T cell for 1 mDC during 5 days. Antibodies were added from the beginning of the proliferation test at a saturating concentration (5 μg/mL for anti-CD47 and anti-SIRPa antibodies and 2.5 μg/mL for the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and the recombinant 4-1BBL). Proliferation was measured by incorporation of H3-thymidine during the last 12 h of culture.

Results: As shown inFIG.14, the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and the recombinant 4-1BBL have a boost effect on the proliferation of human T cells, while anti-CD47 has a negative effect on the proliferation of human T cells. In particular, the anti-CD47 antibody prevents the human T-cell immunostimulatory efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or 4-1BB agonist agents. The anti-SIRPa HEFLB has no significant effect on the proliferation of T cells.

Example 16

Anti-Tumor Effects in Mice

Method: Mice were anesthetized with a cocktail of xylazine/ketamine. After a laparotomy, tumoral Hepa 1.6 cells were injected through the portal vein (2.5.106cells/100 μL) in PBS. The treatment was started 4 days after tumor injection. The agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody (3H3) was injected two times at d4 and d8 after Hepa 1.6 cells (Hepatocarninoma cells, HCC) injection intraperitoneally in PBS (100 μg/injection). The anti-PDL1 monoclonal antibody was injected twice a week during 4 weeks intraperitoneally in PBS (200 μg/injection). The antagonistic anti-SIRPa antibody (P84) was injected three time a week during four weeks intraperitoneally in PBS (300 μg/injection).

The anti-tumor response was evaluated in the orthotopic model of HCC thirteen days after the tumor inoculation. At this time, the tumor and the spleen were collected in order to phenotype the immune cells that infiltrated the tumor or in the systemic way. Splenocytes and non-parenchymal cells (NPC) of the liver which are the infiltrating immune cells were stained with four different mixes for flow cytometry acquisition.

Results: As shown inFIG.15A, the anti-SIRPa antibody alone significantly prolongs survival in a fraction of mice (28%). In combination with anti-4-1BB or anti-PDL1 antibodies, anti-SIRPa antibody allows a very high response rate of mice surviving even after treatment withdrawal.

As shown inFIG.15B, the combination of anti-SIRPa with a co-stimulatory agent (e.g. anti-4-1BB) or T-cell checkpoint inhibitor (e.g. anti-PDL1) modifies the tumor microenvironment by decreasing the regulatory and immunosuppressive immune cells (Tregs, Mo-MDSC) while increasing accumulation of effector memory CD8+ T cells in combination with anti-4-1BB. The Mo-MDSC are characterized by a high expression of Ly6C and no Ly6G among the CD11b positive- and MHC class II negative-population.

As shown inFIG.15C, the combination of anti-SIRPa with a co-stimulatory agent (e.g. anti-4-1BB) or T-cell checkpoint inhibitor (e.g. anti-PDL1) modifies the cell composition of the tumor microenvironment and in periphery in the spleen, by decreasing the frequency of immature and naïve B cells while increasing accumulation of memory and plasmablast cells. Similarly, accumulation of cytolytic (CD27-negative) NK cells is induced the tumor and periphery by the anti-SIRPa combination with anti-41BB or anti-PDL1.

Altogether, anti-SIRPa modifies the tumor and peripheral immunity in particular adaptive (T-cell, Tregs, B-cells) and innate (MDSC, Macrophages, NK cells) immune cells contributing to tumor elimination and long-term protection.

Example 17

Anti-Tumor Effects in Mice Previously Cured

Method: Mice previously cured in the hepatoma model by anti-SIRPa+anti-4-1BB injection or SIRPa mutant mice treated with anti-4-1BB were rechallenged by Hepa 1.6 cells injection in the spleen (2.5.10{circumflex over ( )}6 cells/mouse). Mice were anesthetized with 3% of isoflurane in the air. After incision on the flank of the mice and isolation of the spleen, tumoral Hepa 1.6 cells were injected into the spleen (2.5.106cells/50 μL) in PBS. Naive mice were injected in parallel in the same route in order to compare tumor development with rechallenged mice.

Results: As shown inFIG.15D, all the cured mice survived when rechallenged and, at the opposite, all naïve mice died. This result demonstrates that memory T cells were induced under anti-SIRPa therapy or absence of SIRPa signals (SIRPa mutant mice) and still persist on the long-term in cured mice.

Example 18

Anti-Tumor Effects of T-Cell Splenocytes or Whole Splenocytes Collected from Mice Previously Cured

Method: Cured anti-SIRPa+anti-4-1BB rechallenged mice were euthanized and the spleen was collected. After red blood cell lysis, splenocytes were extracted and CD3 positive T cells were isolated from a part of splenocytes with an AutoMACS. After anesthesia, mice were injected with either T-cell splenocytes (2.5.106cells/100 μL) or whole splenocytes (10.106cells/100 μL) or excipient alone (PBS) intravenously. All mice received Hepa 1.6 cells through the portal vein as described previously (2.5.106cells/100 μL).

Results: As shown inFIG.15E, the splenocytes and isolated T lymphocytes collected from cured mices has a high positive effect on the survival of mice. This results indicate that memory T cells are present in the splenocytes of the cured mice after treatment of the hepatoma and are responsible on the long-term adaptive immune memory.

Example 19

Anti-Tumor Effects in Mice Previously Cured

Method: Mice previously cured in the hepatoma model by anti-SIRPa+anti-PDL-1 injection were rechallenged by Hepa 1.6 cells injection in the spleen (2.5.10{circumflex over ( )}6 cells/mouse). Mice were anesthetized with 3% of isoflurane in the air. After incision on the flank of the mice and isolation of the spleen, tumoral Hepa 1.6 cells were injected into the spleen (2.5.106cells/50 μL) in PBS. Naive mice were injected in parallel in the same route in order to compare tumor development with rechallenged mice.

Results: As shown inFIG.16, all the cured mice survived when rechallenged and, at the opposite, all naïve mice died. This result suggests that memory T cells are still present in cured mice. This result demonstrates that memory T cells were induced under anti-SIRPa therapy and still persist on the long-term in cured mice.

Example 20

Effects of the Growth of a Tumor in a Mammary Carcinoma Model

Method: Mice were anesthetized with 3% of isoflurane in the air. Mice were shaved on the abdomen and 4T1 cells were injected in the mammary gland with an insulinic syringe (30 Gauges) in 50 μL of PBS. The antagonistic anti-SIRPa antibody (P84) or a control antibody was injected three time a week during four weeks intraperitoneally in PBS (200 μg/injection).

Results: As shown inFIG.17, the anti-SIRPa antibody significantly (p<0.01) reduces the growth of the tumor in the mammary carcinoma model as compared to a control antibody.

FIG.18shows the immune cell analysis two weeks after inoculation. Anti-SIRPa has a positive effect on myeloid and non-myeloid cells (T and NK cells) both in tumor and in periphery (spleen) with a dramatic decrease of Tregs and accumulation of memory T cells.

Example 21

Effects of SIRPa Antibodies on the Concentration of Hemoglobin and on the Hematocrit

Method: Anti-SIRPa (P84 clone), anti-CD47 (MIAP410 clone) and irrelevant isotype control were administered intraperitoneally at day 0 and day 2 at 12 mg/kg in C57Bl/6 mice. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and day 3 in EDTA containing tubes and blood count was performed with a XS-800i haematology analyzer (Sysmex). The level of hemoglobin (left) and the percentage of hematocrit (right) were evaluated at day 3.

Results: As shown inFIG.19, the anti-SIRPa antibody has no toxic effect on the concentration of hemoglobin and on the hematocrit. At the opposite, the anti-CD47 antibody induces a decrease of the concentration of hemoglobin and of the hematocrit in accordance with anemia observed during phase 1 in man.

Example 22

Platelet Aggregation

Method: Blood was collected from healthy donor volunteers into Vacuette collection tubes (Greiner Bio-One) buffered with sodium citrate. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet poor plasma (PPP) were obtained by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 200 g and 15 minutes at 3 500 g, respectively. The working PRP was adjusted to 3.108platelets.L−1. Inhibition Assays: mAb were pre-incubated with PRP for a final concentration of 40 or 50 μg.mL−1test antibodies. After 3 minutes without stirring, platelet aggregation was initiated with ADP 5 μM addition. Aggregation was determined by measuring the transmission of light through the sample at 37° C. with continuous stirring using a standard optical aggregometer (TA-8V Thrombo-Aggregometer, SD Innovation SAS, Frouard, France). The transmission of PPP was set as 100%. Aggregation was recorded under stirring for a total of 5 minutes. Induction Assays: Platelet aggregation was directly initiated by mAb addition (50 μg.mL−1). Aggregation was recorded under stirring for a total of max. 10 minutes.

Results: As shown inFIG.20, in contrast to anti-CD47 antibodies, anti-SIRPa antibodies does not bind to human red blood cells or platelets. Consequently, anti-CD47 induces in vitro human platelets aggregation while anti-SIRPa antibodies does not. Similarly, anti-SIRPa antibodies does not disturb reversible ADP-induced human platelets aggregation while anti-integrin alpha 2b completely abrogates it.

Example 23

Proliferation of Allogeneic T Cells by SIRPa-Blocking CD14+ Cells from a Cancer Ovarian Ascitis

Method: Allogeneic CD4 T cells were isolated by positive selection using an AutoMACS (Miltenyi) from hPBMC of a buffy coat of a healthy volunteer. CD4 were plated in 96-round well plate (50 000 cells/well). CD14+ cells were isolated by the same method from the ascitis of a cancer ovarian patient. The CD14+ cells were plated with the allogeneic CD4 T cells at a 1:1 ratio for 5 days. In some conditions, human LPS-matured allogeneic monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) were added at a 1:5 ratio to stimulate T cells and analyzed the immunosuppressive action of different ratio of CD14+ MDSC purified from the ascite. Antibodies targeting the SIRPa/CD47 pathway were added from the beginning of the proliferation test at a saturating concentration (10 μg/mL). Proliferation was measured by incorporation of H3-thymidine during the last 12 h of culture.

Results: As shown inFIGS.21A and21B, Fresh and frozen human myeloid cells (TAM) purified from ovarian cancer ascites are hypo-stimulating allogeneic human T lymphocytes. In contrast to anti-CD47 antibodies, anti-SIRPa antibodies modifies myeloid cells properties allowing human T-cell activation and proliferation.

As shown inFIG.21C, human myeloid cells (MDSC) purified from ovarian cancer ascites can suppress human T-cell proliferation induced by allogeneic moDC at 1:1 and 2:1 myeloid to T-cell ratio. In contrast to anti-CD47 antibodies, anti-SIRPa antibodies does not potentiates the immunosuppression induced by human MDSC.