Patent ID: 12209401

DETAIL DESCRIPTION

One embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a toilet including a pedestal having an inlet channel, a rim downstream from the inlet channel, and a bowl downstream from the rim. A sump is formed at a lower end of the bowl and a trapway is fluidly connected to the sump at a trapway inlet and extends downstream from the sump. The toilet further includes a passage having a passage inlet at an upstream end and a passage outlet at a downstream end. The passage inlet is disposed in the bowl at a height above an upper end of the trapway inlet and the passage outlet is disposed in the trapway.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a toilet including a pedestal having an inlet channel, a rim downstream from the inlet channel, and a bowl downstream from the rim. A sump is formed at a lower end of the bowl and a trapway is fluidly connected to the sump at a trapway inlet and extends downstream from the sump. The toilet further includes a passage having a passage inlet at an upstream end and a passage outlet at a downstream end. The passage inlet is disposed proximate an upstream end of the inlet channel and the passage outlet is disposed in the trapway.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a toilet including a pedestal having an inlet channel, a rim downstream from the inlet channel, and a bowl downstream from the rim. A sump is formed at a lower end of the bowl and a trapway is fluidly connected to the sump at a trapway inlet and extends downstream from the sump. The toilet further includes a passage having a passage inlet at an upstream end and a passage outlet at a downstream end. The passage inlet is disposed proximate a downstream end of the inlet channel and the passage outlet is disposed in the trapway.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a toilet including a pedestal having an inlet channel, a rim downstream from the inlet channel, and a bowl downstream from the rim. A sump is formed at a lower end of the bowl and a trapway is fluidly connected to the sump at a trapway inlet and extends downstream from the sump. The toilet further includes a passage having a passage inlet at an upstream end and a passage outlet at a downstream end. The passage inlet is disposed in the rim and the passage outlet is disposed in the trapway.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a toilet including a pedestal having an inlet channel, a rim downstream from the inlet channel, a bowl downstream from the rim A sump is formed at a lower end of the bowl and a trapway is fluidly connected to the sump at a trapway inlet and extends downstream from the sump. The toilet further includes a tank upstream from the inlet channel. The toilet further includes a passage having a passage inlet at an upstream end and a passage outlet at a downstream end. The passage inlet is disposed in the tank and the passage outlet is disposed in the trapway.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a toilet including a pedestal having a bowl, a sump formed at a lower end of the bowl, and a trapway fluidly connected to the sump at a trapway inlet and extends downstream from the sump. The toilet further includes a valve fluidly connected to the trapway and configured to supply air at ambient pressure to the trapway.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a toilet including a pedestal having a trapway having an up-leg and a down-leg. The toilet further includes a passage fluidly connecting an upstream end of the trapway down-leg and a downstream end of the trapway down-leg.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of flushing a toilet including passing water into a bowl of a toilet and raising a water level in the bowl. The method further includes starting a siphon in the trapway and lowering the water level in the bowl. The method further includes, prior to the water level falling below an upper end of a trapway inlet, exposing the trapway through a passage to air at an ambient pressure in one of an inlet channel, a rim, a bowl, a tank, or an interior portion of the toilet. The method further includes breaking the siphon in the trapway before the water level in the bowl drops below the upper end of the trapway inlet.

Referring to the FIGURES generally, a toilet with a trapway and a passage is shown according to various exemplary embodiments. Throughout this disclosure, the toilets may have similar structures, such that like reference numerals correspond to like features in each of the toilets. Heights of various components may be discussed throughout this disclosure and may refer to a height above a floor or a lower edge of the toilet or may be measured relative to other portions or structures of the toilet. For example, the terms “above,” “higher,” “over,” etc. may refer to a position further away from the floor and the terms “below,” “lower,” “under,” etc. may refer to a position closer to the floor. These terms may further refer to positions along the toilet without regard to lateral position (e.g., side-to-side or front-to-back), such that one portion of the toilet may be above another portion of the toilet, without being aligned vertically.

Referring now toFIG.1, a toilet100is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet100includes a pedestal102having an inlet opening104configured to receive water from a water source (not shown) for flushing the toilet100. For example, the water source may be a tank, such that gravity forces water from the tank into the pedestal102through the inlet opening104(e.g., a gravity-fed toilet). According to another exemplary embodiment the toilet may be a pressure-flush toilet coupled to a water supply line and a flushometer to provide water at a line pressure to the toilet100at the inlet opening104to induce a siphon for flushing the toilet100. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the timing of introducing water to various portions of the toilet100may be controlled by one or more valves.

The toilet100further includes a bowl106having a rim108formed at an upper end of the bowl106and a sump110formed at a lower end of the bowl106. An inlet channel112extends downstream from the inlet opening104and is fluidly connected to the rim108. When water enters the toilet100, it passes through the inlet opening104, downstream through the rim108, and into the bowl106from the rim108, through one or more rim outlets114. For example,FIG.1shows the rim outlet114as a single opening, which introduces the water to the bowl106in a swirling motion to wash down waste in the bowl106toward the sump110. According to other exemplary embodiments, the rim108may include a plurality of rim outlets114positioned annularly along the rim108for providing water for washing down waste at a plurality of locations in the bowl106.

Referring still toFIG.1, the toilet100includes a trapway116, which extends downstream from the sump110and is configured to generate a siphon to carry the contents of the bowl106(e.g., water and liquid and solid waste) out of the bowl106. The trapway116includes a trapway inlet118at the sump110and a trapway up-leg120, which extends downstream from the trapway inlet118at an upward angle relative to the floor. The trapway116further includes a trapway down-leg122, which extends downstream from the trapway up-leg120at a downward angle (e.g., vertically downward).

The trapway116has a trapway upper surface124and an opposing trapway lower surface128. The trapway upper surface124defines an upper peak126at the uppermost (i.e., highest) point of the trapway upper surface124. For example, the upper peak126is formed where the trapway up-leg120meets the trapway down-leg122. Similarly, the trapway lower surface128defines an upper peak130at the uppermost (i.e., highest) point of the trapway lower surface128. The trapway inlet118defines an upper edge132, which is disposed at a height lower (e.g., below or closer to the floor) than the upper peak130of the trapway lower surface128. Notably, toilets may be required by regulatory code to position the upper edge132of the trapway inlet118a pre-determined height below the water level WL. For example, a toilet may be required to provide a water level at least approximately one or two inches above the upper edge132of the trapway inlet118to ensure that a water seal is reliably formed in the trapway116. As shown inFIG.1, the water level WL1of the toilet100at rest (e.g., after the completion of a flush sequence) is at the height of the upper peak130of the trapway lower surface128. Specifically, as water is introduced slowly into the bowl106(e.g., when the toilet is “running”) and does not yet form a siphon, water flows over the upper peak130into the trapway down-leg122, keeping the water level at the upper peak130and thereby preventing the bowl106from overflowing.

Referring still toFIG.1, a passage134(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The passage134includes a passage inlet136at an upstream end of the passage134and a passage outlet138at an opposing downstream end of the passage134. The terms “upstream” and “downstream” indicate that when air flows through the passage134, the air flows in the direction from the passage inlet136to the passage outlet138.

As shown inFIG.1, the passage inlet136is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in the bowl106, at a height above the upper edge1.32of the trapway inlet118and below the upper peak130of the trapway lower surface128.FIG.1shows the passage inlet136disposed proximate the trapway inlet118(e.g., at a rear end of the bowl106), although according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet136may be defined in other portions (e.g., sides or front) of the bowl106. The passage inlet136is disposed below the water level of the toilet100at rest. In this configuration, the passage134forms a water lock at the passage inlet136, which prevents noxious waste gas from passing from the trapway down-leg122, through the passage outlet138and upstream through the passage134to the passage inlet136. The passage inlet136may be disposed at a pre-determined height below the upper peak130of the trapway lower surface128and therefore below the water level (e.g., at least one or two inches) to ensure that, a water seal is reliably formed in the passage134.

Referring still toFIG.1, the passage outlet138is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in and fluidly connected to the trapway116. Specifically, the passage outlet138is disposed downstream from the upper peaks126,130of the trapway116(e.g., in the trapway down-leg122). WhileFIG.1shows the passage outlet138formed in the trapway upper surface124, proximate the upper peak126, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet138may be formed in the trapway lower surface128or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway116.

WhileFIG.1shows specific locations of the passage inlet136and the passage outlet138, described above,FIGS.2-8show the passage inlet136and the passage outlet138at various locations in the toilet100. It should be understood that the toilet100may be formed with the passage inlet136at any of the described positions in the toilet100, and the passage outlet138at any of the described positions in the toilet100. Accordingly, it is contemplated that the position of each of the passage inlet136and the passage outlet138should not be limited to only those specific combinations of positions shown in the FIGURES.

Referring still toFIG.1, the passage134includes a passage up-leg140, which extends downstream from the passage inlet136(e.g., toward the passage outlet138) at an upward angle relative to the floor. The passage134further includes a passage down-leg142, which extends downstream from the passage up-leg140at a downward angle. A passage upper peak144is defined at the uppermost (i.e., highest) point of a lower surface of the passage134(e.g., where the passage up-leg140meets the passage down-leg142). As shown inFIG.1, the passage upper peak144is disposed above the upper peak126of the trapway upper surface124, which ensures that when the water level rises in the toilet100during a flush sequence to form a siphon in the trapway116, the water level does not rise as high as the passage upper peak144. In this configuration, as long as the water level is above the passage inlet136, the passage134does not affect the formation or breaking of a siphon in the trapway116.

FIG.1shows the passage134integrally formed in the pedestal102, such that the passage134is already formed when the vitreous or other material forming the pedestal102is cast. It should be understood that the passage134may be integrally formed in other portions of the pedestal102or the toilet100more generally, as will be discussed below. According to other exemplary embodiments, the passage134or other passages described with respect toFIGS.2-8may be formed as a separate conduit assembly, which is installed in and coupled to the toilet100. According to yet other exemplary embodiments, portions of the passage134may be integrally formed while other portions are separable.

The toilet100inFIG.1is shown with the water level at a first height (i.e., a first water level WL1) corresponding to a filled position. As discussed above, when the flush sequence is complete, the water level is at the same height as the upper peak130of the trapway lower surface128. When the flush sequence is actuated, a volume of water (e.g., approximately 1.0 gallons, 1.28 gallons, 1.6 gallons, etc.) is introduced rapidly through the inlet opening104and passes from the inlet opening104, through the inlet channel112and rim108, and into the bowl106. It should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, a portion or all of the water may be passed from the inlet channel112or other portion of the toilet100directly to the sump110(e.g., with a sump jet). The rapid introduction of water causes the water level in the bowl106to rise to a second height (i.e., a second water level WL2) above the upper peak130of the trapway lower surface128and below or in contact with the upper peak126of the trapway upper surface124. The water then pours over the upper peak130of the trapway lower surface128and into the trapway down-leg122, where it fills substantially an entire cross-section of at least a portion of the trapway down-leg122with a high flow rate. The increased flow rate of water in the trapway116reduces the downstream e.g., in the trapway down-leg122) pressure in the trapway116to a siphon pressure, which is less than an ambient (e.g., atmospheric) pressure, causing a siphon to form, and evacuating the contents from the bowl106.

As the water level rises in the trapway116, it also rises a corresponding amount in the passage up-leg140. However, the flow of water to the trapway down-leg122and particularly the formation of the siphon in the trapway116prevents the water level from continuing to rise in the passage134. Notably, the siphon is formed prior to the water level reaching the passage upper peak144. As a result, waste is never passed through the passage134and a siphon is not formed therein during the flush sequence. According to another exemplary embodiment, low pressure in the trapway116proximate the passage outlet138causes a siphon to form in the passage134, drawing water through the passage134from the passage inlet136to the passage outlet138, even if the water level in the bowl106does not reach a height that is level with or above the passage upper peak144. It should further be understood that even if a siphon is formed in the passage134, substantially more water passes through the trapway116than through the passage134, such that the water entering the trapway116at the trapway inlet118continues to form the siphon, regardless of the formation of a siphon in the passage134. The passage134may further be configured in other ways to prevent waste entering the passage inlet136, through the passage134.

Either before or after the formation of the siphon in the trapway116, the supply of water to the toilet100is stopped and the siphon continues to evacuate the water and waste in the bowl106, through the trapway up-leg120and the trapway down-leg122and out to a drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl106with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl106. In the configuration in which a siphon is not formed in the passage134, the water level drops by the substantially the same distance in the passage134as in the bowl until the water level reaches a third height (i.e., a third water level WL3) at the height of the passage inlet136. When the water level drops to or below the height of the passage inlet136, the passage inlet136is exposed to ambient air above the water in the bowl106and the water seal on the passage134is broken. The ambient air, which is at a higher pressure than the siphon pressure in the trapway116proximate the passage outlet138, enters the passage134through the passage inlet136and is output from the passage outlet138into the trapway116. The sudden introduction of the air to the trapway116causes the pressure in the trapway116to equalize with the ambient pressure, eliminating the pressure differential between the downstream portion of the trapway116and the bowl106, thereby breaking (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg120may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg120and/or the sump110for output to a drain.

According to an exemplary embodiment, in which a siphon is formed in both the trapway116and the passage134, the introduction of air to the passage134first breaks the siphon in the passage134and then subsequently breaks the siphon in the trapway116as discussed above. Specifically, the passage134has a smaller cross-sectional area than the trapway116and holds a smaller volume of water than the trapway116. As the siphon operates in the passage134, the water is evacuated from the passage134, out through the passage outlet138into the trapway116. Once the water level drops below the third height WL3, the bowl106stops supplying water to the siphon in the passage134. Due to the small volume of water held in the passage134, substantially all of the water in the passage134is completely output from the passage134into the trapway116before the water level in the bowl106reaches or drops below the upper edge132of the trapway inlet118(WL4), thereby breaking the siphon, as will be discussed in further detail below.

After the water level first reaches the third height (WL3), it may take a period of time to fully equalize the pressure (i.e., eliminate the pressure differential) between the trapway116proximate the passage outlet138and ambient pressure. Notably, at least a portion of the trapway116may be at an intermediate pressure, which is greater than the siphon pressure and less than ambient pressure. While a pressure differential still exists between the intermediate pressure and ambient pressure, the siphon may continue at a slower rate and the water level will continue to drop. As the water level drops, it then reaches a fourth height (i.e., a fourth water level WL4), which is at or below the height of the upper edge132of the trapway inlet118. When the water level reaches the fourth height (WL4), ambient air then passes directly into the trapway116at the trapway inlet118, completely breaking the siphon.

In a conventional toilet, the pressure differential when the water level reaches the upper edge132of the trapway inlet118is the difference between the siphon pressure and ambient pressure (e.g., the pressure of the ambient air in an environment surrounding the toilet). This pressure differential causes air to rush into the trapway116, generating significant turbulence and resultant noise in the water in the sump110. In the configuration shown inFIG.1, by reducing or eliminating the pressure differential before the water level reaches the upper edge132of the trapway inlet118, less or no ambient air passes into the trapway116through the sump110. In other words, the pressure differential between the siphon pressure in the trapway116and ambient pressure is less than in a conventional toilet when the water level reaches the upper edge132of the trapway inlet118. The reduction or elimination of air flowing through the trapway inlet118significantly reduces or eliminates the noise (e.g., the “gurgle” sound) associated with the siphon breaking, thereby providing quieter flush action in the toilet100. It will be appreciated that this noise reduction may be provided with the various other configurations, discussed below.

Referring now toFIG.2, a toilet200is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet200is substantially similar to the toilet100shown inFIG.1, such that like reference numerals may indicate like features and/or portions of the toilet100. For example, the toilet200includes a pedestal202, having an inlet opening204, a rim208, an inlet channel212, a bowl206, a sump210, and a trapway216, which are substantially similar to the pedestal102, inlet opening104, rim108, inlet channel112bowl106, sump110, and trapway116, respectively of the toilet100shown inFIG.1.

Referring still toFIG.2, a passage234(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The passage234includes a passage inlet236at an upstream end of the passage234and a passage outlet238at an opposing downstream end of the passage234. The passage234is disposed in the pedestal202, between and fluidly connecting the inlet channel212and the trapway216.

As shown inFIG.2, the passage inlet236is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc,) in the inlet channel212.FIG.2shows the passage inlet236proximate the inlet opening204at an upstream end of the inlet channel212, although according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet236may be disposed in other portions (e.g., middle portion, downstream end, etc.) of the inlet channel212. Similarly,FIG.2shows the passage inlet236disposed in an inlet channel lower surface211but according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet236may be disposed in an inlet channel upper surface213or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) forming the inlet channel212.

The passage outlet238is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in and fluidly connected to the trapway216. Specifically, the passage outlet238is disposed downstream from the upper peaks226,230of the trapway216(e.g., the passage outlet238is disposed in the trapway down-leg222). WhileFIG.2shows the passage outlet238formed in the trapway upper surface224, proximate the upper peak226, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet238may be formed in the trapway lower surface228or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway216.

Referring still toFIG.2, the passage234includes a passage first down-leg240, which extends downstream from the passage inlet236(e.g., toward the passage outlet238) at a downward angle (e.g., approximately vertically downward) relative to the floor. The passage234further includes a passage up-leg242, which extends downstream from the passage first down-leg240at an upward angle. A passage valley (i.e., lower peak)244is defined at the lowermost (i.e., lowest) point of an upper surface of the passage234(e.g., where the passage first down-leg240meets the passage up-leg242). The passage234further includes a passage second down-leg246, which extends downstream from the passage up-leg242at a downward angle and terminates at the passage outlet238. A passage upper peak248is defined at the uppermost (i.e., highest) point of a lower surface of the passage234(e.g., where the passage up-leg242meets the passage second down-leg246).

As shown inFIG.2, the passage valley244is disposed below the passage upper peak248. When the flush sequence is complete, water rests in the passage234at a passage water level WLP, which is level with or below the passage upper peak248and above the passage valley244. The water in the passage234is disposed in at least a portion of the passage first down-leg240and the passage up-leg242, thereby forming a water lock and preventing noxious waste gas from passing from the trapway216, upstream through the passage234to the passage to the inlet channel212, and out through the rim outlet214or a tank at the inlet opening204, where it could be released into the atmosphere contrary to code requirements.

The passage upper peak248is disposed above the upper peak226of the trapway upper surface224. In this configuration, when a siphon is formed in the trapway216and the water level in the trapway216rises all the way to the upper peak226, the waste water does not rise high enough to flow over the passage upper peak248and upstream through the passage234to the inlet channel212. This configuration is important to ensure that waste water does not recirculate through the passage234and back into the bowl206during a flush sequence.

Referring now toFIG.3, the toilet200is shown according to another exemplary embodiment. The toilet200is substantially similar to the toilet200shown inFIG.2, such that like reference numerals may indicate like features and/or portions of the toilet200. Referring still toFIG.3, a passage234(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The passage234includes a passage inlet236at an upstream end of the passage234and a passage outlet238at an opposing downstream end of the passage234. The passage234is disposed in the pedestal202, between and fluidly connecting the inlet channel212and the trapway216.

As shown inFIG.3, the passage inlet236is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in the inlet channel212,FIG.2shows the passage inlet236proximate the inlet opening204at an upstream end of the inlet channel212, although according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet236may be disposed in other portions (e.g., middle portion, downstream end, etc.) of the inlet channel212. Similarly,FIG.3shows the passage inlet236disposed in an inlet channel lower surface211but according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet236may be disposed in an inlet channel upper surface213or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) forming the inlet channel212.

The passage outlet238is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in and fluidly connected to the trapway216. Specifically, the passage outlet238is disposed proximate and upstream from the upper peaks226,230of the trapway216(e.g., the passage outlet238is disposed in the trapway down-leg222). WhileFIG.3shows the passage outlet238formed in the trapway upper surface224, proximate the upper peak226, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet238may be formed in the trapway lower surface228or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway216. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet238may be disposed in any portion of the trapway up-leg220, such that the passage upper peak248is positioned above one or both of the upper peaks226,230.

It should be understood that the timing of breaking the siphon in the trapway216may be determined and/or controlled based on the position of the passage outlet238in the trapway216. Specifically, the lower pressure (e.g., siphon pressure) region is generally downstream from the upper peak230of the trapway lower surface228, where gravity helps accelerate the water in the trapway down-leg222, relative to the flow rate of the water in the trapway up-leg220. The siphon in the trapway breaks when the pressure in the trapway down-leg222suddenly increases to a higher pressure (e.g., ambient pressure) due to exposure to an air supply at that higher pressure. Specifically, the siphon begins to break when the air reaches the lower pressure region in the trapway down-leg222. As shown inFIG.2, the passage outlet238is disposed in the trapway down-leg222, such that the air is introduced from the passage234directly into the trapway down-let222. In this configuration, there should be little or no delay between the time air is output from the passage234and when the siphon begins to break.

With respect toFIG.3, the passage outlet238is further upstream (e.g., in the trapway up-leg220) from the passage outlet238as shown inFIG.2. In the configuration shown inFIG.3, when air is first introduced to the trapway216from the passage234, the siphon continues to operate. Air then travels downstream in the trapway216from the passage outlet238until it reaches the lower pressure region in the trapway down-leg222, at which point the siphon begins to break. According to various exemplary embodiments, the air from the passage234may be carried downstream in the trapway216at substantially the same or a different velocity as the water flowing in the trapway216. It should be understood that breaking the siphon in the trapway216can be delayed by positioning the passage outlet238further upstream in the trapway216. For example, the further upstream that the passage outlet238is disposed in the trapway216, the longer the delay between a siphon breaking in the passage234and the siphon breaking in the trapway216.

Referring now toFIG.4, the toilet200is shown according to another exemplary embodiment. The toilet200is substantially similar to the toilet200shown inFIGS.2and3, such that like reference numerals may indicate like features and/or portions of the toilet200. Referring still toFIG.4, a passage234(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The passage234includes a passage inlet236at an upstream end of the passage234and a passage outlet238at an opposing downstream end of the passage234. The passage234is disposed in the pedestal202, between and fluidly connecting the inlet channel212and the trapway216.

As shown inFIG.4, the passage inlet236is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in the inlet channel212. WhileFIGS.2and3shows the passage inlet236proximate the inlet opening204at an upstream end of the inlet channel212, inFIG.4, the passage inlet236is disposed at a downstream end of the inlet channel212. FurtherFIG.4shows the passage inlet236disposed in an inlet channel lower surface211but according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet236may be disposed in an inlet channel upper surface213or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) forming the inlet channel212.

The passage outlet238is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in and fluidly connected to the trapway216. Specifically, the passage outlet238is disposed proximate and downstream from the upper peaks226,230of the trapway216e.g., in the trapway down-leg222). WhileFIG.4shows the passage outlet238formed in the trapway upper surface224, proximate the upper peak226, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet238may be formed in the trapway lower surface228or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway216. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet238may be disposed in any portion of the trapway up-leg220, such that the passage upper peak248is positioned above one or both of the upper peaks226,230.

It should be understood that the timing of breaking the siphon in the trapway216may also be determined and/or controlled based on the position of the passage inlet236in the trapway216. Specifically, the timing may be controlled relative to where water is present in the inlet channel212. As will be discussed in further detail below, as long as water is flowing in the inlet channel212, the siphon in the trapway216is able to continue operating without being broken early. When the supply of water to the inlet channel212is stopped, the water already present in the inlet channel212continues to flow downstream toward the rim208. This flow direction means that the upstream end of the inlet channel212is exposed to ambient air before the downstream end of the inlet channel212. As a result, the siphon in the trapway216would break later during the flush sequence, the further downstream in the inlet channel212or other portions of the toilet200(e.g., in the rim208) that the passage inlet236is positioned. For example, the siphon in the configuration shown inFIG.4may break later during the flush sequence than in the configuration shown inFIG.2because the passage inlet236is further downstream in the inlet channel212.

The toilets200inFIGS.2-4are shown with the water level in the bowl206at a first height (i.e., a first water level WL1) corresponding to a filled position. As discussed above, when the flush sequence is complete, the water level is at the same height as the upper peak230of the trapway lower surface228. When the flush sequence is actuated, a volume of water (e.g., approximately 1.0 gallons, 1.28 gallons, 1.6 gallons, etc.) is introduced rapidly through the inlet opening204and into the inlet channel212. The high flow rate of water into the inlet channel212reduces the pressure in the inlet channel212. According to an exemplary embodiment, a portion of the water introduced to the inlet channel212passes into the passage234through the passage inlet236, raising the water level of the water lock in the passage234. As the water flows over the passage upper peak248, a siphon is formed in the passage234, continuing to draw water from the inlet channel212and output the water into the trapway216. This additional flow of water may have a minimal effect in inducing the formation of a subsequent siphon in the trapway216.

The remaining portion of the water introduced to the inlet channel212then passes to the rim208, and into the bowl206. It should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, a portion or all of the water in the inlet channel212may be passed directly to the sump210(e.g., with a sump jet) or other portion of the toilet200.

While water continues to be introduced to the inlet channel212, the rapid introduction of water to the bowl206causes the water level in the bowl206to rise to a second height (i.e., a second water level WL2) above the upper peak230of the trapway lower surface228and below or in contact with the upper peak226of the trapway upper surface224. The water then pours over the upper peak230of the trapway lower surface228and into the trapway down-leg222, where it fills substantially an entire cross-section of at least a portion of the trapway down-leg222with a high flow rate. The increased flow rate of water in the trapway216reduces the downstream (e.g., in the trapway down-leg222) pressure in the trapway216to a siphon pressure, which is less than an ambient pressure, causing a siphon to form, and evacuating the contents from the bowl206.

After the siphon is formed in the trapway216and before the supply of water to the inlet channel212is stopped, the siphon in the trapway216evacuates the water and waste in the bowl206, through the trapway up-leg220and the trapway down-leg222and out to the drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl206with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl206. When the water level in the bowl206is at a third height (i.e., a third water level WL3), between the upper peak230of the trapway lower surface228and the upper edge232of the trapway inlet218(i.e., before the water level in the bowl falls below the upper edge232of the trapway inlet218), the supply of water to the inlet channel212is stopped. Because water is no longer supplied to the inlet channel212, at least not at a high enough rate to continue to fill the passage234at the rate that the passage234outputs water to the trapway216, the siphon in the passage234continues to operate until the passage water level drops below the passage valley244or until all of the water in the passage234is evacuated.

The reduction of water in the inlet channel212also returns the inlet channel pressure to approximately ambient pressure. When the passage water level drops to or below the height of the passage valley244, the entire passage234is exposed to the air in the inlet channel212at ambient pressure. Because air at ambient pressure is at a higher pressure than the siphon pressure in the trapway216proximate the passage outlet238, the air enters the passage234from the inlet channel212, through the passage inlet236, and is output from the passage outlet238into the trapway216. The sudden introduction of the air to the trapway216causes the pressure in the trapway216to equalize with ambient pressure, eliminating the pressure differential between the downstream portion of the trapway and the bowl206, which is also at ambient pressure, thereby breaking (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg220may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg220and/or the sump210for output to a drain.

According to another exemplary embodiment, after the water is stopped in the inlet channel212and/or the siphon in the passage234is completed, it may take a period of time to fully equalize the pressure (i.e., eliminate the pressure differential) between the trapway216proximate the passage outlet238and ambient pressure. Notably, at least a portion of the trapway216may be at an intermediate pressure, which is greater than the siphon pressure and less than ambient pressure. While a pressure differential still exists between the intermediate pressure and ambient pressure, the siphon may continue at a slower rate and the water level will continue to drop. As the water level drops, it then reaches a fourth height (i.e., a fourth water level WL4), which is at or below the height of the upper edge232of the trapway inlet218. When the water level reaches the fourth height, ambient air then passes directly into the trapway216at the trapway inlet218, completely breaking the siphon.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage inlet236may be disposed in the inlet channel212, such that water does not flow into the passage234when the flush sequence is first actuated. For example, the inlet opening204and inlet channel212may be configured to maintain a high-speed laminar flow past the passage inlet236, such that water is not diverted into the passage inlet236until the flow rate decreases as the amount of water left in the water supply (e.g., a tank) decreases and the boundary layer of the water separates. According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage inlet236may be disposed in the upper surface213of the inlet channel212, such that gravity prevents the flush water from entering the passage inlet236during the flush sequence. In this configuration, a siphon is not formed in the passage234due only to the introduction of water to the inlet channel212.

After the siphon is formed in the trapway216and before the supply of water to the inlet channel212is stopped, the siphon in the trapway216evacuates the water and waste in the bowl206, through the trapway up-leg220and the trapway down-leg222and out to the drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl206with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl206. When the water level in the bowl206is at a third height (Le., a third water level WL3), between the upper peak230of the trapway lower surface228and the upper edge232of the trapway inlet218(i.e., before the water level in the bowl falls below the upper edge232of the trapway inlet218), the supply of water to the inlet channel212is stopped.

When the water stops flowing into the inlet channel212, the inlet channel pressure increases to approximately ambient pressure, forming a pressure differential between the passage inlet236at ambient pressure and the passage outlet238at the lower siphon pressure. This pressure differential causes the water in the passage234to flow downstream, through the passage outlet238and into the trapway216, after water has stopped flowing through the inlet channel212. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the siphon pressure in the trapway216may be less than the inlet channel pressure, such that the pressure differential causes the water in the passage234to flow downstream, even while water is flowing through the inlet channel212.

When the passage water level drops to or below the height of the passage valley244, the entire passage234is exposed to the air in the inlet channel212at ambient pressure. Because air at ambient pressure is at a higher pressure than the siphon pressure in the trapway216proximate the passage outlet238, the air enters the passage234from the inlet channel212, through the passage inlet236, and is output from the passage outlet238into the trapway216. The sudden introduction of the air to the trapway216causes the pressure in the trapway216to equalize with ambient pressure, eliminating the pressure differential between the downstream portion of the trapway and the bowl206, which is also at ambient pressure, thereby breaking (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg220may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg220and/or the sump210for output to a drain.

In the event that enough water is evacuated from the passage234, such that the passage water level is below the passage valley244, water is supplied to the passage234through the passage inlet236. The water may be supplied during a re-filling (e.g., resetting) portion or other portion of the flush sequence, causing the passage water level to rise. As the passage water level rises back above the passage valley244, the water lock is formed once again in the passage234and prevents noxious waste gas from exiting the trapway216, through the passage234.

Referring now toFIG.5, a toilet300is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet300is substantially similar to the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4, such that like reference numerals may indicate like features and/or portions of the toilet200. For example, the toilet300includes a pedestal302, having an inlet opening304, a rim308, an inlet channel312, a bowl306, a sump310, and a trapway316, which are substantially similar to the pedestal202, inlet opening204, rim208, inlet channel212bowl206, sump210, and trapway216, respectively of the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4.

Referring still toFIG.5, a passage334(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The passage334includes a passage inlet336at an upstream end of the passage334and a passage outlet338at an opposing downstream end of the passage334. The passage334is disposed in the pedestal302, between and fluidly connecting the rim308and the trapway316.

As shown inFIG.5, the passage inlet336is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in the rim308.FIG.5shows the passage inlet336proximate a forward (e.g., downstream) end of the rim308, proximate the rim outlet314, although according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet336may be disposed in other portions (e.g., middle portion, rear or upstream end, etc.) of the rim308. Similarly,FIG.5shows the passage inlet336disposed in a rim lower surface307but according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet336may be disposed in a rim upper surface309or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) forming the rim308.

The passage outlet338is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in and fluidly connected to the trapway316. Specifically, the passage outlet338is disposed proximate the upper peaks326,330of the trapway316. According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet338may be disposed upstream from the upper peaks326,330(e.g., in the trapway up-leg320), similarly to the configuration shown inFIG.3. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet338may be disposed downstream from the upper peaks326,330(e.g., in the trapway down-leg322), similar to the configuration shown inFIGS.2and4. WhileFIG.5shows the passage outlet338formed in the trapway upper surface324, proximate the upper peak326, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet338may be formed in the trapway lower surface328or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway316.

Referring still toFIG.5, the passage334includes a passage first down-leg340, which extends downstream from the passage inlet336(e.g., toward the passage outlet338) at a downward angle (e.g., approximately vertically downward) relative to the floor. The passage334further includes a passage up-leg342, which extends downstream from the passage first down-leg340at an upward angle. A passage valley (i.e., lower peak)344is defined at the lowermost (i.e., lowest) point of an upper surface of the passage334(e.g., where the passage first down-leg340meets the passage up-leg342). The passage334further includes a passage second down-leg346, which extends downstream from the passage up-leg342at a downward angle and terminates at the passage outlet338. A passage upper peak348is defined at the uppermost (i.e., highest) point of a lower surface of the passage334(e.g., where the passage up-leg342meets the passage second down-leg346).

As shown inFIG.5, the passage valley344is disposed below the passage upper peak348. When the flush sequence is complete, water rests in the passage334at a passage water level WLP, which is level with or below the passage upper peak348and above the passage valley344. The water in the passage334is disposed in at least a portion of the passage first down-leg340and the passage up-leg342, thereby forming a water lock and preventing noxious waste gas from passing from the trapway316, upstream through the passage:334to the passage to the rim308, and out through the rim outlet314or a tank at the inlet opening304, where it would be released into the atmosphere contrary to code requirements without the water lock being present.

The passage upper peak348is disposed above the upper peak330of the trapway upper surface324. In this configuration, when a siphon is formed in the trapway316and the water level in the trapway rises all the way to the upper peak330, the waste water does not rise high enough to flow over the passage upper peak348and upstream through the passage334to the rim308. This configuration is important to ensure that waste water does not recirculate through the passage334and back into the bowl306during a flush sequence.

The toilet300inFIG.5is shown with the water level in the bowl306at a first height (i.e., a first water level WL1) corresponding to a filled position. As discussed above, when the flush sequence is complete, the water level is at the same height as the upper peak330of the trapway lower surface328. When the flush sequence is actuated, a volume of water (e.g., approximately 1.0 gallons, 1.28 gallons, 1.6 gallons, etc.) is introduced rapidly through the inlet opening304and the inlet channel312, into the rim308. The high flow rate of water into the rim308reduces the pressure in the rim308. According to an exemplary embodiment, a portion of the water introduced to the rim308passes directly into the passage334through the passage inlet336, raising the water level of the water lock in the passage334. As the water flows over the passage upper peak348, a siphon is formed in the passage334, continuing to draw water from rim308and output the water into the trapway316. This additional flow of water may have a minimal effect in inducing the formation of a subsequent siphon in the trapway316.

The remaining portion of the water introduced to the rim308then passes into the bowl306through the rim outlet(s)314. It should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, a portion or all of the water in the rim308may be passed directly to the sump310(e.g., with a sump jet) or other portion of the toilet300, rather than out through the rim outlet314.

While water continues to be introduced to the rim308, the rapid introduction of water to the bowl306causes the water level in the bowl306to rise to a second height (i.e., a second water level WL2) above the upper peak330of the trapway lower surface328and below or in contact with the upper peak326of the trapway upper surface324. The water then pours over the upper peak330of the trapway lower surface328and into the trapway down-leg322, where it fills substantially an entire cross-section of at least a portion of the trapway down-leg322with a high flow rate. The increased flow rate of water in the trapway316reduces the downstream (e.g., in the trapway down-leg322) pressure in the trapway316to a siphon pressure, which is less than an ambient pressure, causing a siphon to form, and evacuating the contents from the bowl306.

After the siphon is formed in the trapway316and before the supply of water to the rim308is stopped, the siphon in the trapway316evacuates the water and waste in the bowl306, through the trapway up-leg320and the trapway down-leg322and out to the drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl306with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl306. When the water level in the bowl306is at a third height (i.e., a third water level WL3), between the upper peak330of the trapway lower surface328and the upper edge332of the trapway inlet318(i.e., before the water level in the bowl falls below the upper edge332of the trapway inlet318), the supply of water to the rim308is stopped. Because water is no longer supplied to the rim308, at least at a high enough rate to continue to fill the passage334at the rate that the passage334outputs water to the trapway316, the siphon in the passage334continues to operate until the passage water level drops below the passage valley344or until all of the water in the passage334is evacuated.

The reduction of water in the rim308also returns the rim pressure to approximately ambient pressure. When the passage water level drops to or below the height of the passage valley344, the entire passage334is exposed to the air in the rim308at ambient pressure. Because air at ambient pressure is at a higher pressure than the siphon pressure in the trapway316proximate the passage outlet338, the air enters the passage334from the rim308, through the passage inlet336, and is output from the passage outlet338into the trapway316. The sudden introduction of the air to the trapway316causes the pressure in the trapway316to equalize with ambient pressure, eliminating the pressure differential between the downstream portion of the trapway and the bowl306, which is also at ambient pressure, thereby breaking (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg320may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg320and/or the sump310for output to a drain.

According to another exemplary embodiment, after the water is stopped in the rim308and/or the siphon in the passage334is completed, it may take a period of time to fully equalize the pressure (i.e., eliminate the pressure differential) between the trapway316proximate the passage outlet338and ambient pressure. Notably, at least a portion of the trapway316may be at an intermediate pressure, which is greater than the siphon pressure and less than ambient pressure. While a pressure differential still exists between the intermediate pressure and ambient pressure, the siphon may continue at a slower rate and the water level will continue to drop. As the water level drops, it then reaches a fourth height (i.e., a fourth water level WL4), which is at or below the height of the upper edge332of the trapway inlet318. When the water level reaches the fourth height, ambient air then passes directly into the trapway316at the trapway inlet318, completely breaking the siphon.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage inlet336may be disposed in the rim308, such that water does not flow into the passage334when the water is first received in the rim308proximate the passage inlet336. For example, the passage inlet336may be disposed in the rim upper surface309, such that gravity prevents or limits the flush water from entering the passage inlet336during the flush sequence.

In this configuration, a siphon is not formed in the passage334due only to the introduction of water to the rim308. Instead, while water is flowing through the rim308and the siphon is formed in the trapway316, the water level in the passage334remains substantially constant, maintaining the water lock therein. For example, the reduced rim pressure may be approximately the same as or close to the siphon pressure in the trapway316, resulting in little or no pressure differential between the passage inlet336and the passage outlet338. The lack of pressure differential in the passage334prevents a substantial volume of water from flowing upstream or downstream in the passage334.

After the siphon is formed in the trapway316and before the supply of water to the rim308is stopped, the siphon in the trapway316evacuates the water and waste in the bowl306, through the trapway up-leg320and the trapway down-leg322and out to the drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl306with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl306. When the water level in the bowl306is at the third height, between the upper peak330of the trapway lower surface328and the upper edge332of the trapway inlet318(i.e., before the water level in the bowl falls below the upper edge332of the trapway inlet318), the supply of water to the rim308is stopped.

When the water stops flowing into the rim308, the rim pressure increases to approximately ambient pressure, forming a pressure differential between the passage inlet336at ambient pressure and the passage outlet338at the lower siphon pressure. This pressure differential causes the water in the passage334to flow downstream, through the passage outlet338and into the trapway316, after water has stopped flowing through rim308. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the siphon pressure in the trapway316may be less than the rim pressure, such that the pressure differential causes the water in the passage334to flow downstream, even while water is flowing through the rim308.

When the passage water level drops to or below the height of the passage valley344, the entire passage334is exposed to the air in the rim308and therefore in the bowl306(via the rim outlet314) above the water, which is at ambient pressure. Because air at ambient pressure is at a higher pressure than the siphon pressure in the trapway316proximate the passage outlet338, the air enters the passage334from the rim308, through the passage inlet336, and is output from the passage outlet338into the trapway316, The sudden introduction of the air to the trapway316causes the pressure in the trapway316to equalize with ambient pressure, eliminating the pressure differential between the downstream portion of the trapway316and the bowl306, which is also at ambient pressure, thereby breaking (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg320may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg320and/or the sump310for output to a drain.

In the event that enough water is evacuated from the passage334, such that the passage water level is below the passage valley344, water is supplied to the passage334through the passage inlet336. The water may be supplied during a re-filling (e.g., resetting) portion or other portion of the flush sequence, causing the passage water level to rise. As the passage water level rises back above the passage valley344, the water lock is formed once again in the passage334and prevents noxious waste gas from exiting the trapway316, through the passage334.

Referring now toFIG.6, a toilet400is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet400is substantially similar to the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4, such that like reference numerals may indicate like features and/or portions of the toilet200. For example, the toilet400includes a pedestal402, having an inlet opening404, a rim408, an inlet channel412, a bowl406, a sump410, and a trapway416, which are substantially similar to the pedestal202, inlet opening204, rim208, inlet channel212bowl206, sump210, and trapway216, respectively of the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4.

Referring still toFIG.6, the toilet400further includes a tank450disposed on the pedestal402, such that the tank450is fluidly connected to the inlet opening404in the pedestal402, for supplying water thereto. A passage434(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment with various portions disposed in the tank450and the pedestal402. The passage434includes a passage inlet436at an upstream end of the passage434and a passage outlet438at an opposing downstream end of the passage434. The passage434passes through the pedestal402and fluidly connects the tank450and the trapway416. It should be understood that whileFIG.6shows the tank450disposed on the pedestal402, according to other exemplary embodiments, the tank450may be remote from the pedestal402(e.g., installed and concealed within a wall) and still be fluidly connected to trapway416.

As shown inFIG.6, the passage inlet436is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in the tank450. The passage inlet436is disposed at a height that is higher than (i.e., above) the passage outlet438. The passage outlet438is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in and fluidly connected to the trapway416. Specifically, the passage outlet438is disposed downstream from the upper peaks426,430of the trapway416(e.g., in the trapway down-leg422). According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet438may he disposed upstream from the upper peaks426,430(e.g., in the trapway up-leg420), similarly to the configuration shown inFIG.3. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet438may be disposed proximate the upper peaks426,430, similarly to the configuration shown inFIG.5. WhileFIG.6shows the passage outlet438tbrined in the trapway upper surface424, proximate the upper peak426, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet438may be formed in the trapway lower surface428or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway416.

Referring still toFIG.6, the passage434includes a passage first down-leg440, which extends downstream from the passage inlet436(e.g., toward the passage outlet438) at a downward angle (e.g., approximately vertically downward) relative to the floor. The passage434further includes a passage up-leg442, which extends downstream from the passage first down-leg440at an upward angle. A passage valley (i.e., lower peak)444is defined at the lowermost (i.e., lowest) point of an upper surface of the passage434(e.g., where the passage first down-leg440meets the passage up-leg442). The passage434further includes a passage second down-leg446, which extends downstream from the passage up-leg442at a downward angle, through the tank450and pedestal402, and terminates at the passage outlet438in the trapway416. A passage upper peak448is defined at the uppermost (i.e., highest) point of a lower surface of the passage434(e.g., where the passage up-leg442meets the passage second down-leg446).

As shown inFIG.6, the passage valley444is disposed below the passage upper peak448. The tank450includes a tank water level WLT, when the tank450is fully filled with water at the end of a flush sequence and before being discharged into the bowl406and through the trapway416during a new flush sequence. As shown inFIG.6, the passage inlet436is disposed level with or below the tank water level WLT. For example, the tank water level WLTmay be at the height of the passage upper peak448, such that as the tank water level WLTrises above the passage upper peak448, water flows over the passage upper peak448, downstream through the passage second down-leg446and into the trapway416for discharge. In this configuration, the passage434also provides overflow protection in the tank450, even if a refill valve in the tank450is stuck in an open position. According to another exemplary embodiment, the tank water level WLTmay be set at a height above the passage inlet436and below the passage upper peak448.

When the flush sequence is complete (i.e., in between flushes), water rests in the passage434at a passage water level WLP, which is level with or below the passage upper peak448and above the passage valley444. The water in the passage434is disposed in at least a portion of the passage first down-leg440and the passage up-leg442. For example, as shown inFIG.6, the passage water level WLPis at the same height as the tank water level WLT, which is between the passage inlet436and the passage upper peak448. The passage water level WLPforms a water lock in the passage434and prevents noxious waste gas from passing from the trapway416, upstream through the passage434and into the tank450, where it would be released into the atmosphere.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage inlet436may be disposed above the tank water level WLT. In this configuration, after the water is evacuated from the tank450during the flush sequence, water is supplied to the tank450during a refilling portion of the flush sequence. The water is supplied through a water supply line (not shown), which has an outlet disposed in or directly above the passage inlet436, into the passage434, raising the passage water level WLPin the passage first down-leg440and the passage up-leg442. When the passage water level WLPrises above the height of the passage inlet436but has not yet reached the passage upper peak448, water starts to overflow from the passage434and into the tank450for filling the tank450. In this configuration, after the siphon is broken in the trapway416, the passage434seals with a water lock before the tank450is refilled with water, providing a water lock as soon as the passage water level WLPrises to a height level with or above the passage valley444.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage inlet436may be disposed at a height above the passage upper peak448. In this configuration, the tank water level WLTis level with or below the passage inlet436. For example, as the tank water level WLTrises above the passage inlet436, water overflows into the passage434until the passage water level WLPreaches the height of the passage upper peak448, at which point it overflows downstream in the passage second down-leg446and into the trapway416. In this configuration, the passage434may refill with water to form the water lock after the tank450is filled to the height of the passage inlet436. According to another exemplary embodiment, the water supply line supplies water directly to both the passage434and the tank450during the refilling process, such that the tank water level WLTand the passage water level WLPrise at the same time. The water supply line may be configured to provide water in each of the tank450and the passage434to a pre-determined height.

The toilet400inFIG.6is shown with the water level in the bowl406at a first height (i.e., a first water level WL1) corresponding to a filled position. As discussed above, when the flush sequence is complete, the water level is at the same height as the upper peak430of the trapway lower surface428. When the flush sequence is actuated, a volume of water (e.g., approximately 1.0 gallons, 1.28 gallons, 1.6 gallons, etc.) is introduced rapidly from the tank450, through the inlet opening404and the inlet channel412, into the bowl406.

While water continues to be introduced to the rim408, the rapid introduction of water to the bowl406causes the water level in the bowl406to rise to a second height (i.e., a second water level WL2) above the upper peak430of the trapway lower surface428and below or in contact with the upper peak426of the trapway upper surface424, The water then flows over the upper peak430of the trapway lower surface428and into the trapway down-leg422, where it fills substantially an entire cross-section of at least a portion of the trapway down-leg422with a high flow rate. The increased flow rate of water in the trapway416reduces the downstream (e.g., in the trapway down-leg422) pressure in the trapway416to a siphon pressure, which is less than an ambient pressure, causing a siphon to form, and evacuating the contents from the bowl406.

The tank450is provided at approximately ambient pressure, such that the pressure at the passage inlet436is approximately ambient pressure, After the siphon forms in the trapway416, as discussed above, the siphon pressure in the trapway416and at the passage outlet438is less than the ambient pressure at the passage inlet436. This pressure differential (i.e., pressure drop) in the passage434from the passage inlet436to the passage outlet438causes the water in the passage434to flow downstream from the passage inlet436toward the lower pressure passage outlet438and empty into the trapway416.

After the siphon is formed in the trapway416and before the neater ire the passage434is fully output (i.e., evacuated) into the trapway416, the siphon in the trapway416also evacuates the water and waste in the bowl406, through the trapway up-leg420and the trapway down-leg422and out to the drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl406with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl406. When the water level in the bowl406is at a third height (i.e., a third water level WL3), between the upper peak430of the trapway lower surface428and the upper edge432of the trapway inlet418(i.e., before the water level in the bowl falls below the upper edge432of the trapway inlet418), the water in the passage434is fully evacuated, breaking (i.e., eliminating, removing, etc.) the water lock therein. According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage water level WLPfalls below the passage valley444.

When the water in the passage434is evacuated, the entire passage434is exposed to the air in the tank450at ambient pressure. Because air at ambient pressure is at a higher pressure than the siphon pressure in the trapway416proximate the passage outlet438, the air enters the passage434from the tank450, through the passage inlet436, and is output from the passage outlet438into the trapway416. The sudden introduction of the air to the trapway416causes the pressure in the trapway416to equalize with ambient pressure, eliminating the pressure differential between the downstream portion of the trapway and the bowl406, which is also at ambient pressure, thereby breaking (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg420may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg420and/or the sump410for output to a drain.

According to another exemplary embodiment, after the water is evacuated from the passage434, it may take a period of time to fully equalize the pressure (i.e., eliminate the pressure differential) between the trapway416proximate the passage outlet438and ambient pressure. Notably, at least a portion of the trapway416may be at an intermediate pressure, which is greater than the siphon pressure and less than ambient pressure. While a pressure differential still exists between the intermediate pressure and ambient pressure, the siphon may continue at a slower rate and the water level will continue to drop. As the water level drops, it then reaches a fourth height (i.e., a fourth water level WL4), which is at or below the height of the upper edge432of the trapway inlet418. When the water level reaches the fourth height, ambient air then passes directly into the trapway416at the trapway inlet418, completely breaking the siphon.

The length of the flush sequence from first initiating the evacuation of the tank450into the bowl406, until the water is evacuated from the passage434may he controlled, at least in part, based on a height of the tank water level WLTrelative to the height of the passage inlet436in the tank450. For example, as the passage inlet436is positioned lower in the tank450and further away from the tank water level WLT, or in other words, as the tank water level WLTis raised further above the passage inlet436, it takes longer for the tank450to output enough water to the bowl406to cause the tank water level WLTto drop below the passage inlet436, at which point the water in the passage434may be fully evacuated, exposing the trapway416to ambient pressure in the tank450, which is approximately the same as the ambient pressure in an environment surrounding the toilet400, through the passage434. It should be further understood that in the configuration in which the tank water level WLTis above the passage inlet436, if the siphon is formed in the trapway416before the tank water level WLTdrops below the passage inlet436, then a portion of the water in the tank450may be drawn into the passage434with the siphon formed therein, while the remaining water in the tank450is output to the bowl406, as discussed above.

Referring now toFIG.7, a toilet500is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet500is substantially similar to the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4, such that like reference numerals may indicate like features and/or portions of the toilet200. For example, the toilet500includes a pedestal502, having an inlet opening504, a rim508, an inlet channel512, a bowl506, a sump510, and a trapway516, which are substantially similar to the pedestal202, inlet opening204, rim208, inlet channel212bowl206, sump210, and trapway216, respectively of the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4.

Referring still toFIG.7, a passage534(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The passage534includes a passage inlet536at an upstream end of the passage534and a passage outlet538at an opposing downstream end of the passage534.

As shown inFIG.7, the passage outlet538is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in and fluidly connected to the trapway516. Specifically, the passage outlet538is disposed downstream from the upper peaks526,530of the trapway516(e.g., in the trapway down-leg522). According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet538may be disposed upstream from the upper peaks526,530(e.g., in the trapway up-leg520), similarly to the configuration shown inFIG.3. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage outlet538may be disposed proximate the upper peaks526,530, similarly to the configuration shown inFIG.5. WhileFIG.7shows the passage outlet538formed in the trapway upper surface524, proximate the upper peak526, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet538may be formed in the trapway lower surface528or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway516.

The passage534extends generally upward from the trapway516toward the inlet channel512and the passage inlet536is disposed at a height higher than the passage outlet538. However, it should be understood that the passage534may extend from the trapway516in other directions, having other lengths and the passage inlet536may be disposed at a height that is level with or below the passage outlet538.

A valve552is disposed on and coupled to the passage inlet536, upstream from the trapway516, although according to other exemplary embodiments, the valve552may be disposed at another point along the passage534or may be disposed directly on the trapway516at or in place of the passage outlet538, such that the valve552is fluidly connected to the trapway516in any of the positions of the passage outlet538, as described above.

As shown inFIG.7, the valve552is disposed in an interior portion554(e.g., void, space, etc.) of the pedestal502, vertically between the trapway516and the inlet channel512. A rear end556or other portion of the pedestal502, which the interior portion554is open to the environment, such that the interior portion554is provided at approximately atmospheric pressure and the valve552is subject to atmospheric pressure. WhileFIG.7shows the valve552disposed within the pedestal502at the interior portion554, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the valve552may be disposed external to the pedestal502or the passage534may fluidly connect the valve552to a location external to the pedestal502.

The valve552defines an upstream end558(i.e., a valve inlet), which is fluidly connected directly to the interior portion554or other location at ambient pressure, and a downstream end560(i.e., a. valve outlet), which is fluidly connected directly to the passage534or the trapway516. The valve552may be a check valve (i.e., a one-way valve), which is configured to allow air to flow in the direction from the upstream end558to the downstream end560and into the trapway516to break a siphon therein. The valve552may be configured to open when a pressure differential between the upstream end558and the downstream end560rises above a threshold pressure. In other words, when the pressure in the trapway516and therefore at the downstream end560of the valve552drops far enough due to the formation of the siphon in the trapway516, the pressure differential forces the valve open after overcoming a biasing force (e.g., from a spring) that ordinarily keeps the valve552closed when the flush sequence is complete. When the pressure differential rises again after the siphon breaks in the trapway516, the biasing force in the valve552(e.g., from the spring) forces the valve552back to the closed position, and prevents air from passing upstream or downstream through the valve552and into the trapway516.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the valve552may be a solenoid (e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, etc.) or other type of valve552, which is configured to open after the siphon is formed in the trapway516. For example, the valve552may be coupled to a sensor (not shown) or other device, which indicates a drop in pressure in the trapway516, which causes the valve552to open and then close when the pressure equalizes with ambient pressure or after a pre-determined or measured time delay. According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor may include one or more pressure sensors, optical sensors, and/or conductivity sensors, which measure a pressure in the trapway516or other portion of the toilet500. According to an exemplary embodiment, the valve552may open with the one or more sensors measure a first pre-determined threshold value and the valve552may subsequently close when the one or more sensors measure a second pre-determined threshold value. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the valve552may be programmed to open and/or close based on a pre-determined or measured time delay following the actuation of a flush sequence.

The toilet500inFIG.7is shown with the water level in the bowl506at a first height (i.e., a first water level WL1) corresponding to a filled position. As discussed above, when the flush sequence is complete, the water level is at the same height as the upper peak530of the trapway lower surface528. When the flush sequence is actuated, a volume of water (e.g., approximately 1.0 gallons, 1.28 gallons, 1.6 gallons, etc.) is introduced rapidly through the inlet opening504and the inlet channel512, into the bowl506.

While water continues to be introduced to the rim508, the rapid introduction of water to the bowl506causes the water level in the bowl506to rise to a second height (i.e., a second water level WL2) above the upper peak530of the trapway lower surface528and below or in contact with the upper peak526of the trapway upper surface524. The water then flows over the upper peak530of the trapway lower surface528and into the trapway down-leg522, where it fills substantially an entire cross-section of at least a portion of the trapway down-leg522with a high flow rate. The increased flow rate of water in the trapway516reduces the downstream (e.g., in the trapway down-leg522) pressure in the trapway516to a siphon pressure, which is less than an ambient pressure, causing a siphon to form, and evacuating the contents from the bowl506.

After the siphon is formed in the trapway516, the siphon evacuates the water and waste in the bowl506, through the trapway up-leg520and the trapway down-leg522and out to the drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl506with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl506. When the water level in the bowl506is at a third height (i.e., a third water level WL3), between the upper peak530of the trapway lower surface528and the upper edge532of the trapway inlet518(i.e., before the water level in the bowl falls below the upper edge532of the trapway inlet518), the valve552opens. For example, the siphon pressure in the trapway516may fall below a threshold pressure, causing the valve552to open due to the pressure differential between the upstream end558and the downstream end560of the valve552. According to another exemplary embodiment, the valve552is opened by an external mechanism. Because the valve552only opens when the pressure in the trapway516is less than the ambient pressure in the interior portion554, the valve552prevents noxious waste gas from flowing upstream through the valve552from the trapway516and out from the pedestal502into the environment.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the passage534may further include at least one down-leg and at least one up-leg downstream from the at least one down-leg. For example, the passage534may have a configuration similar to the passage234shown inFIGS.2-4. The passage534forms a water lock and the valve552may be disposed in the passage534in series with the water lock to further prevent the release of noxious gas into the environment. In this configuration, the valve552may be a conventional mechanical valve, rather than a one-way check valve, although other valves may be used.

When the valve552opens, the trapway516is exposed through the valve552to air from outside the pedestal502(e.g., an environment surrounding the pedestal502) at ambient pressure. Because air at ambient pressure is at a higher pressure than the siphon pressure in the trapway516proximate the passage outlet538, the air enters the passage534from the interior portion554of the pedestal502, through the valve552and the passage inlet536, and is output from the passage outlet538into the trapway516. The sudden introduction of the air to the trapway516causes the pressure in the trapway516to equalize with ambient pressure, eliminating the pressure differential between the downstream portion of the trapway516and the bowl506, which is also at ambient pressure, thereby breaking (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg520may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg520and/or the sump510for output to a drain.

As the water level in the bowl506continues to drop, and the pressure in the trapway516approaches ambient pressure, the pressure differential across the valve552decreases, causing the valve552to close. According to other exemplary embodiments, the valve552may be closed in other ways. The valve552may close after the water level in the bowl506has dropped below the third height but before it drops below a fourth height (i.e., a fourth water level WL4), which is at or below the height of the upper edge532of the trapway inlet518. According to another exemplary embodiment, the valve552may close after the water drops below the fourth height.

According to another exemplary embodiment, after the valve552opens, it may take a period of time to fully equalize the pressure (Le., eliminate the pressure differential) between the trapway516proximate the passage outlet538and ambient pressure. Notably, at least a portion of the trapway516may be at an intermediate pressure, which is greater than the siphon pressure and less than ambient pressure. While a pressure differential still exists between the intermediate pressure and ambient pressure, the siphon may continue at a slower rate and the water level will continue to drop in the bowl506. As the water level drops, it then reaches the fourth height, at which time ambient air then passes directly into the trapway516at the trapway inlet518, completely breaking the siphon.

Referring now toFIG.8, a toilet600is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The toilet600is substantially similar to the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4, such that like reference numerals may indicate like features and/or portions of the toilet200. For example, the toilet600includes a pedestal602, having an inlet opening604, a rim608, an inlet channel612, a bowl606, a sump610, and a trapway616, which are substantially similar to the pedestal202, inlet opening204, rim208, inlet channel212bowl206, sump210, and trapway216, respectively of the toilet200shown inFIGS.2-4.

Referring still toFIG.8, a passage634(i.e., break, bypass, vent, secondary passage or conduit, etc.) is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The passage634includes a passage inlet636at an upstream end of the passage634and a passage outlet638at an opposing downstream end of the passage634. The passage634is disposed in the pedestal602, between and fluidly connecting different portions of the trapway616. It should be understood that, according to various exemplary embodiments, the passage634be formed in a toilet in place of or in addition to (e.g., in combination with) any of the foregoing passages134,234,334,434,534, described above.

As shown inFIG.8, the passage inlet636is disposed (i.e., formed, defined, etc.) in the trapway616and the passage outlet638is also disposed in the trapway616downstream from the passage inlet636. As shown inFIG.8, the passage inlet636and the passage outlet638are disposed in the trapway down-leg622. Specifically, the passage inlet636is disposed proximate an upstream end of the trapway down-leg622, proximate and downstream from the upper peaks626,630of the trapway616. WhileFIG.8shows the passage inlet636formed in the trapway upper surface624, proximate the upper peak626, it should he understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage inlet636may be formed in the trapway lower surface628or other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces) of the trapway616. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage inlet636may be disposed in any portion of the trapway up-leg620, proximate or upstream from the upper peaks626,630. Regardless of the location of the passage inlet636in the trapway616, the passage inlet636is disposed in the trapway616upstream from the passage outlet638and closer to the trapway inlet618.

Referring still toFIG.8, the passage outlet638is disposed proximate a downstream end of the trapway down-leg622, such that, the passage outlet638is in the trapway616downstream from the passage inlet636and closer to a drain. WhileFIG.8shows the passage outlet638formed in a rear end656of the pedestal602, it should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, the passage outlet638may be formed in other surfaces (e.g., side surfaces, forward surfaces, etc.) of the trapway616. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the passage inlet636may be disposed in any portion of the trapway up-leg620, such that the passage inlet636is still disposed in the trapway616downstream from the passage inlet636.

The toilet600inFIG.8is shown with the water level in the bowl606at a first height (i.e., a first water level WL1) corresponding to a filled position. As discussed above, when the flush sequence is complete, the water level is at the same height as the upper peak630of the trapway lower surface628. As shown inFIG.8, when the water level is at the first height, the entire passage634is downstream from the upper peak630of the trapway lower surface628, such that neither the passage inlet636nor the passage outlet638are disposed below the water level. Because the water level is above the upper edge632of the trapway inlet618, forming a water lock in the trapway616, the passage634, which is downstream from the water lock in the trapway616, does not require its own independent water lock to prevent noxious waste gas from exiting the trapway616, through the passage634, to the environment.

WhileFIG.8shows the entire passage634downstream from the water level at the first height, it, should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments, one or both of the passage inlet636and the passage outlet638may be disposed in the trapway up-leg620, at a height below the upper peak630of the trapway lower surface628and above the upper edge632of the trapway inlet618.

When the flush sequence is actuated, a volume of water (e.g., approximately 1.0 gallons, 1.28 gallons, 1.6 gallons, etc.) is introduced rapidly through the inlet opening604and the inlet channel612, into the bowl606. While water continues to be introduced to the rim608, the rapid introduction of water to the bowl606causes the water level in the bowl606to rise to a second height (i.e., a second water level WL2) above the upper peak630of the trapway lower surface628and below or in contact with the upper peak626of the trapway upper surface624. The water then flows over the upper peak630of the trapway lower surface628and into the trapway down-leg622, where it fills substantially an entire cross-section of at least a portion of the trapway down-leg622with a high flow rate. According to an exemplary embodiment, the laminar flow of the water in the trapway616prevents the water from separating and flowing into the passage inlet636and into the passage634. According to another exemplary embodiment, the water may flow through the passage634alongside the trapway616. The increased flow rate of water in the trapway616and/or the passage634reduces the downstream (e.g., in the trapway down-leg622) pressure in the trapway616and/or in the passage634to a siphon pressure, which is less than an ambient pressure, causing a siphon to form, and evacuating the contents from the bowl606.

After the siphon is formed in the trapway616. the siphon evacuates the water and waste in the bowl606, through the trapway up-leg620and the trapway down-leg622and out to the drain. As water is pulled out of the bowl606with the siphon, the water level drops in the bowl606until it reaches a third height (i.e., a third water level WL3), which is at or below the height of the upper edge632of the trapway inlet618. When the water level reaches the fourth height, the trapway616is suddenly exposed to air at ambient pressure in the bowl606. This air passes above the water, between the water and the upper edge632of the trapway inlet618, downstream through the trapway616. As the air (e.g., an air pocket) flows downstream in the trapway616, the pressure in the trapway616at a leading edge of the air (e.g., a trailing edge of the siphon water) increases to ambient pressure, while water further downstream from the leading edge maintains the lower siphon pressure.

When the air in the trapway reaches the passage inlet636, the pressure in the passage634suddenly increases to the ambient pressure of the air, including at the passage outlet638. The passage634has a smaller cross-sectional area than the trapway616and has less water than the trapway616or no water flowing therethrough, which allows the pressure in the entire passage634over the distance between the passage inlet636and the passage outlet638to equalize faster than the flow of air directly through the trapway616. According to another exemplary embodiment, an internal length of the trapway616between the passage inlet636and the passage outlet638may be longer than an internal length of the passage634between the passage inlet636and the passage outlet638, such that air takes less time to travel through the passage634than through the trapway616between the passage inlet636and the passage outlet638. In either configuration, air at ambient pressure is output from the passage634, through the passage outlet638, into the trapway616downstream from the leading edge of the air received directly in the trapway616. This introduction of air further breaks (e.g., partially or completely) the siphon in the trapway616or at least slows the volume flow rate of water and waste through the trapway616until the air received directly in the trapway616completely breaks the siphon therein. Momentum from the water moving in the trapway up-leg620may continue to carry additional water and/or waste out of trapway up-leg620and/or the sump610for output to a drain.

In this and other configurations, the air reintroduced to the trapway616through the passage634reduces the pressure differential between the trapway616(e.g., at the siphon pressure) and ambient pressure at a slower rate than a toilet without the passage634. By slowing down this process, less turbulence is generated in the water in the trapway616, reducing the noise generated in the toilet600generally or the trapway616more specifically when the siphon is broken.

As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure as recited in the appended claims.

It should be noted that the term “exemplary” as used herein to describe various embodiments is intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, and/or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such term is not intended to connote that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples).

The terms “coupled,” “connected,” and the like as used herein mean the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members or with the two members and any additional intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being attached to one another.

References herein to the position of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” etc.) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

It is to be understood that although the present invention has been described with regard to preferred embodiments thereof, various other embodiments and variants may occur to those skilled in the art, which are within the scope and spirit of the invention, and such other embodiments and variants are intended to be covered by corresponding claims. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, orientations, manufacturing processes, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, the order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.