Patent ID: 12227934

Drawings of disclosed embodiments illustrate geometrical and structural relation and interaction of the elements to provide the structure's functionality but do not limit dimensional variation of the embodiments except supporting the listed claims. Terminology used inFIGS.1-27to describe the embodiment of the invention does not exclude any other wording that adequately describes the construction and function of the present embodiment of the hereby disclosed house and garage invention.

A person with ordinary skills in the art related to the construction of the house can perform calculations for initially set parameters by applying basic geometrical and trigonometrical formulas in the house of a pyramid frustum shape. The resulting house and garage structures prove the ability to function as determined in exemplary disclosures and define the structure as being able to function as a self-sufficient dwelling for Use in remote areas.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

Numbers and names are used uniformly throughout for consistency and clarification of terms used in the description. The first numeral designates the part, and decimal numerals and letters differentiate the features of that part. The list also includes items that are not a part of the disclosed invention but are depicted and included only as a functional tool allowing to achieve the desired outcome and to function correctly in the assembly process while containing necessary essential parts.1—Column,11—2nd-floor ledge,12—Roof ledge, C1—Width of the first column in octagonal structure, C1t—Top face width of the first column, Cd—projected thickness of the column, s—shiplap face, p—perpendicular face in rabetted connection, α—an outside angle.2—Wall, W1—first wall in the octagon, W8—eight wall in the octagon, Wd—projected width of the wall, Rc—circumscribed radius, Rx—Extension of circumscribed radius.20—Utility space,20e—electric,20i—insulation,20p—plumbing,20v—ventilation,21—Wall vertical liner,21a—drawers,21b—cabinets22—Window box frame,22h—header,22j—jamb,22s—sill,23—Door box frame,23h—header,23j—jamb,23t—threshold,24—Garage-house passage,24h—header,24j—jamb,24t—threshold25—Garage door opening,25h—header,25j—jamb,25s—sill26—Garage-house second-floor passage27—Modular inner walls.3—House Foundation,31—Floor slab,32—Peripheral bracket assembly,32a—anchor,32b—base,32c—crown.4—Second-floor slab,41—Structural i-beam,42—Decking panels,43—Rebar5—House roof slab,51—Structural i-beam,52—Decking panels,53—Rebar,54—Roof peripheral beam,54a—Roof peripheral curb,55—Bracket with banister column,56—Covered roof ingress,57—Roof peripheral banister,6—Garage foundation,61—Garage floor slab,62—Garage column,63—Garage wall,63d—wall with the passage door,63w—wall with window opening64—Garage window,65—Garage driveway,7—Garage roof slab,71—Garage roof peripheral curb,72—Garage roof ingress,73—Garage inner staircase,74—Garage roof staircase,75—Cultivation space,76—Garage-house roof passage.8—Spreader insert,81—Adjustable base,82—Shiplap clamp,83—Crossbeam.

Parts labeled with numbers and included in recent disclosure are commonly known, and others are required or necessary to make the house self-sufficient and are not detailed or claimed here as an improvement. Those parts are:28—Modular inner wall panels,72—Garage roof ingress,73—Garage inner staircase,75—Roof cultivation space.91—Picnic tables-barrels collecting rainwater;92—Multitude of water barrels for water storage93—Pergola structure;94—Solar panels;95—Picnic equipment placed on a roof.

HOUSE DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring toFIG.1. The two adjacent rectangular walls2, placed vertically at an angle to each other on the flat surface and aligned along the adjoining edge, are in equilibrium as long as they are not separated at the bottom.

Referring toFIG.2. The two adjacent rectangular walls2, placed at an angle on the flat surface and separated at the bottom, are in equilibrium as long as walls2touch each other at the top, providing reciprocal support and preventing the fall of either of the walls2.

Referring toFIG.3. The two adjacent rectangular walls2placed at an angle to each other on the flat surface and separated at the bottom are in equilibrium when an insert in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid fills the gap created by the two walls2leaning towards each other. Trapezoidal insert balances the lateral force resulting from reciprocal support of the two adjoined walls2affected by the gravity force of imbalanced weights of the walls. The size of the lateral force grows proportionally to the sine of the leaning angle of the wall and depends on the weight of the wall. Lateral forces compress the insert, ensuring rigidity and equilibrity of the assembly and allowing the insert to act as a column1.

FIG.4shows the top view of the stable assembly of two walls2, which are set for octagonal structure at an angle α to column1enclosed by two walls2W1and W8. W1denotes the width of the first wall of the polygon; W8denotes the width of the polygon's eighth wall, and C1refers to the width of the first column in the polygon where dashed lines depict all widths and refer to the inner dimensions of the structure, therefore all inner vertices of the structure align.

Referring toFIG.5. Detail A fromFIG.4shows the relation of the side edge joint between wall2and column1. The difference in widths measured parallel to the inner and outer faces of the wall panel defines rabbet size that is the same for column and wall and allows using a shiplap connection between wall and column. The shiplap faces s of the side edge of wall2correspond with the shiplap faces s of the side edge of column1and prevent the inward fall of the wall. Face b of the column edge, perpendicular to the shiplap faces, bears the lateral force from the gravity of the leaning-in wall panel2. The leaning angle from a vertical position of the wall affects the projection of column Cd and wall thickness Wd projecting on the floor where the faces of the column and wall top and bottom always remain parallel. The angle between the outside faces of the column and the wall equals an outside angle α between the angular position of the wall and column.

The projection of the wall thickness on the floor illustrated inFIG.5grows with the increase of the leaning angle from the vertical position. The overall thickness Cd of the column depends on an angle α between column1and wall2, where a larger angle α results in the thicker outside part of the column not interlocked with the wall and, like for the wall, also grows with the column's leaning angle from the vertical position. The top face width C1tof column1with the top ledge12provides the structural and dimensional support for the assembly of structural i-beams of the roof. When the spreader inserts replace the walls during the house assembly, the lateral forces resulting from the wall's gravity do not exist. Instead, the lateral forces resulting from the gravity of columns act on spreader inserts. Walls tightly fitted in the space between the neighboring columns in the final assembly replace spreader inserts and maintain the dimensional rigidity of the structure. Shiplap faces s of columns support the forces resulting from the gravity of the leaning walls. Walls, when placed between the columns, do not exert any compression on columns set in already fixed positions, except providing rigidity of the whole structure by tightly filling the spaces between the columns.

Referring toFIG.6. The size of the walls from W1to W8defines the circumscribed radius Rc of the circle for an exemplary regular octagon. To fit eight columns between walls without changing the width of the walls, the radius Rc has to be extended by a value of Rx. The offset distance of the top faces of walls2and column1, shown in thick dashed lines, is related to the initially set values of height and leaning angle of walls for the structure. If the resultant width C1tof column top does not provide enough space for the required size of the top ledge12, the width C1of column at the bottom has to be increased, causing the change in the overall geometry of the polygon.

Assigning numerical values to parts inFIG.6allows calculating the geometry of the polygonal shape of the floor base of the structure, always with an equal number of walls and columns placed in a shape symmetrical to both axes. The widths and leaning angle, uniform for all the walls and all the columns in the regular polygonal shape of the structure, define the inner space of the structure. In irregular, more squarish types of polygonal shapes of houses, the dimensions of the columns vary depending on the size of the outside angles between uniform walls and each particular column. Outside angles between walls and columns in every polygon are calculated by adding the sum of exterior angles of a polygon that equals 360 degrees. The irregular shape of the polygon is achieved by manipulating the values of the outside angles of the columns only. The dimensions of the walls stay unchanged, including the size of the shiplap. The even number of rectangular walls and isosceles trapezoidal column pairs always have to provide the house structure symmetrical in both planar axes, so the sum of outside angles between column and walls in each quadrant of the structure equals 90 degrees. The width of the column's top face decreases when the exterior angle between the wall and the column changes to become more acute. The regular octagonal structure consists of eight rectangular walls of equal size and eight identical columns in isosceles trapezoidal shape. An exterior angle between columns and walls is derived by dividing 360 degrees by 16 sides of the base in a polygonal shape based on a circumscribed circle. Hence, an angle α between each wall and a column equals 22.5 degrees.

Referring toFIG.7. The top view of the house floor slab31in dodecagonal shape and garage floor slab61in octagonal shape, both irregular polygons, are aligned by the location of an opening24for the house-garage passage and indicate cross-section A-A.

Referring toFIG.8. The cross-section A-A illustrates the house foundation in the exemplary shape of a dodecagonal elongated polygon. Both foundations for house and garage are the same type and consist of floor slab31cast over foundation3with an embedded multitude of exemplary peripheral bracket assemblies32multiplied by the number of column-wall pairs where there are two bracket assemblies32for each wall and one for each column.

Referring toFIG.9. Detail C of cross-section A-A shows exemplary foundation3and concrete floor slab31. The exemplary peripheral bracket assembly32, embedded in the foundation3, features bent anchors, which provide a grip for the bracket's assembly32better than straight anchors.

Referring toFIG.10. Isometric view of the exemplary peripheral bracket assembly32illustrates the location of the elements in the assembly where32ais a bent anchor with a threaded end for retaining crown32cthat slides over base32bto allow adjustment of the distance of the wall or the column from the centroid of the foundation. The inclined outer face of the crown32cmatches the inclination of the wall or column. Each set of the peripheral bracket assembly32controls the lateral and vertical movement of wall2or column1for which it is destined.

Referring toFIGS.11and12.FIG.11depicts the entrance view of the garage with garage door25having the step25s, the jamb25j, and the header25h, whileFIG.12shows driveway slab65in the garage side view with visible, hidden lines. Garage columns62with walls63placed on garage floor slab61form the overall shape of the garage. Garage roof slab7has a peripheral curb71, of which height depends on the designation of the roof, with shorter for rainwater collection and taller when the roof is used for agricultural cultivation. Covered ingress72protects stairs73leading to the garage roof. The wall63dhas an opening to accommodate house-garage passage assembly24, while wall63whas a window opening64.

Referring toFIG.13detailing section B-B of the entrance view. Stair73placed by the opening of the house garage passage, functions as an internal staircase for communication between the ground floor of the house and both roofs of the garage and the one-story house. The space inside the garage is big enough to accommodate the placement of a solar converter and energy storage unit, utility room with water boiler, laundry set of washer-dryer, and garage tools.

Referring toFIG.14. The schematic side view of column1for a two-story house placed on foundation3shows an exemplary cross-sectional view of the second floor and roof slabs. Decking panels with rebars or steel mesh, whose sizes depend on the required strength of the slab, when placed on structural i-beams, fill the space of the concrete slab cast on-site in the shape defined by the inner faces of assembled column-wall pairs. On the second floor, the structural i-beam41rests on a second-floor ledge11supporting decking panels42and concrete slab4with embedded rebars43. At the roof, the structural i-beam51rests on roof ledge12supporting decking panels52and concrete slab5with embedded rebars53. The brackets with banister column55placed on top of the column establish positions of the roof peripheral beams54, which act as the outside edge of the roof concrete slab5, and allow installation of the roof peripheral banister57between brackets with banister column55.

Referring toFIG.15. The schematic side view of wall2for a two-story house placed on foundation3shows an exemplary cross-sectional view of the second floor and roof slabs that are supported respectively only on ledges11and12of column1, where the inner faces of walls2and the roof peripheral beams54at roof level define the shape of the cast on-site concrete house roof slab5and second-floor slab4. The overall height of the peripheral beam54depends on the roof designation for which the beams54are used, with higher roof peripheral curb54afor rainwater collection. Window box frame22mounted on the second floor protects against elements where header22hfunctions similarly to the eave of the traditional roof and sill22sworks inside the house as a parapet. The header23hwith jamb23jof the door box frame23works as a hood for the entrance door, and together with threshold23testablishes a finite opening for the entrance door. Box frames allow mounting windows and doors vertically in leaning walls, having headers and sills always parallel to the floor and the widths dependent on the height of the insert and the tilt angle of the wall.

Referring toFIG.16. The schematic side view of wall2for the two-story house placed on foundation3shows an exemplary cross-sectional view of utility space20between outside walls2and wall vertical liners21that on the ground floor enclose insulation20i, plumbing20p, electrical20e, and ventilation20vsystems. Use of the utility space20in the described manner provides convenient access from the floor level and eliminates the need for drop ceilings and plenum space used in traditional installations. Although wall vertical liners21are not structural members, they can be adapted to function as a part of the furnishing of the house where vertical liners in the kitchen provide the support for hanging kitchen cabinetry21bor in the bedroom accommodate the installation of the drawers21a. All installations incorporating vertical wall liners at least partially occupy utility space20between the outside tilted walls2and the vertical wall liners21, expanding the living area inside the house and providing the thermal and sound barrier for the house walls. The openings in the vertical wall liners21fit the sizes of box frames of windows and doors, making the size of the floor equal to the size of the ceiling and thus providing the living space with vertical walls. All vertical wall liners21with equipment installed in a factory further reduce construction time and ensure higher quality workmanship.

Referring toFIG.17. An isometric view of the house's second-floor slab presents a sample of the living space possible configurations of three bedrooms and two bathrooms. If used, a multitude of modular inner walls28, made in a factory and assembled on-site similarly to vertical wall liners, simplify and accelerate the construction of the house on site. The modular inner walls28do not carry any live load and act as space dividers only. The inner walls28may be prewired in a factory or delivered with installed features and finishes like, e.g., ceramic tiles or shower head for a bathroom.

Referring toFIG.18. An isometric view of the living space presented inFIG.17is furnished accordingly with models true to the size of the rooms.

Referring toFIG.19. An isometric view of the partial assembly of the house in irregular shape shows floor slab31symmetrical in both planar axes with a multitude of columns1separated by spreader inserts8that are used during the assembly of the house featuring alternatives for concrete walls. Every two spreader inserts8provide lateral support for one column1. Adjustable base81, equipped with shiplap clamps82on both sides, carries a load of lateral force resulting from the gravity of columns1leaning towards the centroid of the structure and also, in a later stage of installation, the live load of the floor and roof slabs until replaced by the final type of walls. Adjustable base81secures space between columns1for the placement of the walls in the final assembly of the house while keeping columns in position to ensure temporary balance of the structure. Cross beams83aligned with the inside edges of the columns substitute and act like the inner faces of concrete walls when casting the second-floor concrete slab. The bracket with banister column55establishes the placement of peripheral beams54, of which the outer part functions as the roof peripheral curb54a. Using a mid-size forklift instead of a crane is adequate during the erection process to move and lift consecutive columns from flat to tilted positions and walls in provided spaces in the final assembly.

Referring toFIG.20. Detail D shows the location and placement of the spreader insert8and cross beams83that allow casting the concrete floor slab over the structural assembly of the second floor supported on ledge11of column1, and while removed in the final stage of house assembly secure the space necessary to fit the prefabricated walls. The second-floor slab4fromFIGS.14and15, placed fixedly on the ledge11of columns1together with the spreader inserts8, keep the assembly of the columns in equilibrium if the polygonal house is symmetrical in both planar axes. In such a construed house, the forces acting on one side of the structure are balanced by the counteracting forces of the opposite side.

Referring toFIG.21. Detail E shows the location and placement of the bracket with banister column55securing the position of roof peripheral beams54that accommodate casting of the concrete roof slab5fromFIGS.14and15supported on ledge12of columns1. The outer part of the peripheral beams54is the roof peripheral curb54aof the cast roof slab5that connects the tops of columns in the structure and adds weight and enough rigidity to the assembled structure of columns1to remain in temporary equilibrity even after removing the spreader inserts8.

Referring toFIG.22. The isometric view of the one-story house assembly in a regular decagonal shape on floor slab31without a roof slab illustrates the construction of the house in the shape of a pyramid frustum. Wall2has openings filled with window box frames22, allowing the installation of windows. Door box frame23allows the installation of the entrance door, and box frame24works as the passage between the house and the garage. The brackets crown each column1with a banister column55, securing the installation of roof peripheral banisters57placed for the safety of the tenants while on the roof and increasing the house's appearance. The roof peripheral beams54work as roof peripheral curbs54aafter the roof slab is cast. The shape and size of all columns1are identical, and each column top facilitates the size of the required ledge for the i-beam structure. The structure provides an open living space inside the house that may be customized, as shown inFIG.17.

Referring toFIG.23. The isometric view of the one-story house assembly in an irregular decagonal shape without a roof slab on floor slab31illustrates the construction of the house in the shape of a pyramid frustum. Walls2and all structure elements, except columns1, are identical to those illustrated inFIG.22. The squarish shape of the irregular decagonal house is achieved by using differently dimensioned columns1placed in a pattern, symmetrical in both planar axes, between dimensionally identical walls2. Each column1has a different size of the bottom faces subjected to the polygon geometry illustrated inFIG.6of this disclosure. The sizes of all top faces have to facilitate the size of the ledge required for the structure. The house in irregular polygonal shape features the same size and quantity of walls as the regular polygonal shape fromFIG.22, ending with a smaller living space in an irregular shape but providing better functionality and space utilization than in a regular shape.

Referring toFIG.24. Showing the isometric view of the one-story house-garage assembly of the house in regular decagonal shape fromFIG.22and garage in regular octagonal shape with all identical columns62in isosceles trapezoidal shape and equal size rectangular walls63, all placed on floor slab61. Both structures are connected by the house-garage passage24. Garage wall63whas window opening64. The garage roof slab7with the peripheral curb71has covered roof ingress72. The garage foundation6incorporates a garage driveway65in front of the garage door opening25. The garage roof slab may be used as a cultivation space75. The roof of the one-story house is accessible from the garage roof by the safe garage roof passage76when provided.

Referring toFIG.25. The house-garage assembly is shown in an isometric view of the house in an irregular decagonal shape fromFIG.23and the garage in irregular octagonal shape fromFIG.13connected by the house-garage passage24. The garage assembled on floor slab61has columns62in an isosceles trapezoidal shape with differently dimensioned columns1and equal-sized rectangular walls63. The roof of the structure is surrounded by the peripheral curb71. The inner staircase73is located close by the house garage passage24and the safe passage76, similar to the one shown inFIG.24from the garage roof to the second floor of the house if provided. The garage walls63whave a window opening64. The foundation of garage6has a garage driveway65in front of the garage door opening25.

Referring toFIG.26. A Two-story house structure in a regular dodecagonal shape has attached a garage in a regular octagonal shape. The house, consisting of twelve identical columns1in an isosceles trapezoidal shape, is set on the regular dodecagonal floor slab31. The garage consists of six identical columns62in an isosceles trapezoidal shape and seven walls63in rectangular shape are set on the regular dodecagonal floor slab61with garage driveway65together with two columns of the garage opening25that accept installation of the garage door of choice. Both house and garage structures can be erected using spreader inserts8fromFIG.19allowing walls2of the house and63of the garage to be made from material other than cement. The house walls, regardless of the material the walls are made of, have various openings for windows22, entrance door23, and garage-house second-floor passage door26. The house's roof in every embodiment contains a multitude of water barrels92fixedly placed on the roof and work as drinking water storage. The height of the roof peripheral curb54a, part of the roof peripheral beam54, defines the amount of desired accumulation of rainwater on the roof. Pergola structure93, in a polygonal shape placed in the center of the roof, provides shade for the picnic area on the roof and for safe storage of picnic equipment. The pergola walls function as a base for installing foldable solar panels. The roof peripheral banisters57placed between brackets with banister column55ensure the safety of the roof space for tenants and, together with pergola structure93, also improve the house's appearance. Garage roof slab7with peripheral curb71, when covered with a layer of soil, can serve as cultivation space75of the garage. If necessary, solar panels installed on the roof on adjustable frames also provide shade for plants. Garage roof ingress72leads from the first floor of house31through garage inner staircase73to the garage roof7. Safe passage76provides communication from the garage roof to the second floor of the house. The garage roof staircase74leads to the house roof5when inner communication between second floor4and the house roof5is not otherwise provided through the internal staircase. Use of outside communication between floors frees the first and second floors from the space taken by staircases and as such extending the living space inside the house.

The house's structure, erected in the way disclosed inFIG.26, is safe in case of an earthquake. The lateral movement of the structure has to produce a critical destructive force on the columns, exceeding their resilience to disintegration under applied compression of the neighboring walls. In the structure assembled with concrete columns and walls, which together form a rigid shell, such damage is unlikely to occur as compressing force is distributed along the whole length of side edges of each column and wall in the unified structure. Also, the amplitude of the tremor has to exceed the tilt distance projection of the wall top on the floor to overcome the inertia of the walls and columns placed between the walls. Introducing adhesive sealant between columns and walls provides an adequate kind of fastening to prevent such occurrences in an earthquake. The assembled house and garage, both in regular or irregular polygonal shapes of pyramid frustum, illustrate that no wall is encountering full strength of wind sheer force, and every wall is capable of deflecting wind without creating the possibility of lifting or collapsing.

Referring toFIG.27. Finished and furnished exemplary roof of the house in dodecagonal regular polygon fromFIG.26has covered roof ingress56for the inner staircase leading from the second floor to the roof. To the permanent roof elements fromFIG.26, various elements are added to make the house function in remote areas as a self-sufficient structure. The pieces of picnic equipment95are safely stored during a hurricane inside the pergola structure93. Picnic table-barrels91containing rainwater feature also folded seats. Solar panels94of the modular type mounted on pergola walls, when folded, form the partial pyramid frustum shape protecting itself and the rooftop. A dining set with a BBQ unit in the shadow of the pergola ensures comfortable conditions for picnics on sunny days.

The rectangular walls2, made as concrete casts, are the heaviest and widest elements of the structure that have to be delivered to the site on public roads and have to comply with regulations of wide-load transportation. A Mid-size forklift placed for installation on the floor slab of the house or garage is sufficient for loading and off-loading such elements. Installation of the walls on site consists of moving each panel close to the location on the concrete floor and lifting only one end of the panel during the erecting process. The same procedure applies to erecting trapezoidal columns. The preferred method of installation of the pyramidal frustum house and garage eliminates the Use of a heavy crane on site, significantly reducing the cost of erecting.