Patent ID: 12186596

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure describes examples of automatic descent control systems and descent devices that are operable in two different configurations. In a first and normal operational configuration, the system and devices automatically lower a climber at a first descent rate upon loading the descent device. As described herein, loading the descent device includes the climber falling or transferring at least a portion of weight to the descent device. Additionally, the system and devices are selectively operable in a second and lock-off operational configuration, whereby the climber is lowered at a second descent rate upon loading the descent device. The first descent rate is greater than the second descent rate so that in the lock-off operational configuration the climber is allowed to hang above a ground surface without being lowered all the way to the ground surface.

The descent control systems described herein includes a descent device with a braking system that is operable in both the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. An engagement device is used to selectively engage the lock-off operational configuration of the braking system. This engagement device can be remote from the descent device, for example, a button on a climbing wall or part of a control station that operationally monitors one or more features of the climbing wall. Additionally, a sensor device is provided so that the loading of the descent device can be detected and the braking system engaged so as to generate a braking force for the second descent rate. This sensor device can monitor any number of components of the descent control system, for example movement of the descent device, the braking system itself, or a position of the climber. As such, the engagement device can be actively engaged by the climber or automatically engaged requiring no action by the climber.

The descent devices (e.g., auto belay devices) described herein can either include a single braking system that can change operational configurations or have two separate braking systems, one for each operational configuration. By using two separate braking systems, existing descent devices, such as fan braking systems, friction braking systems, hydraulic braking systems, electromagnetic braking systems, and magnetic braking systems, can be adapted to allow the climber to hang above the ground surface in the lock-off operational configuration.

Throughout this description, references to orientation (e.g., front(ward), rear(ward), top, bottom, back, right, left, upper, lower, etc.) of the descent device relate to its position when installed on a climbing wall and are used for ease of description and illustration only. No restriction is intended by use of the terms regardless of how the descent device is situated on its own.

FIG.1is a schematic view of an exemplary automatic descent control system100. The system100includes a climbing wall102and a descent device104positioned at the top of the climbing wall102. In the example, the climbing wall102is an indoor wall having a height H above a ground surface106and a plurality of climbing holds (not shown) so that a climber108can climb up the wall102and above the ground surface106as desired. While the examples described herein include an indoor climbing wall102, it should be appreciated that any of the components of the system100may be used in outdoor climbing walls, for example, artificial walls, natural walls, mobile walls, etc., challenge courses, for example, an obstacle course, a ropes course, etc., training or work based activities, for example, search and rescue, fire department, construction, etc., safety systems, or any other actively that requires or desires descending from a height above a ground surface.

The descent device104includes a line110configured to be attached to the climber108(e.g., a load). As used herein, the term “line” refers to any cable, rope, string, chain, wire, webbing, strap, or any other length of flexible material. The line110is enabled to retract within the descent device104when the line110is not loaded. For example, when the climber108is moving up the wall102so that the slack in the line110is removed. The line110is also enabled to extend from the descent device104when the line110is loaded. For example, when the climber108falls from the wall102and the climber's weight is transferred from the wall102to the line110. The descent device104has a braking system (not shown) that applies a braking force to the line110when the line is loaded so as to control the extension of the line110and a descent rate of the climber108. The descent device104can have a fan braking system, a friction braking system, a hydraulic braking system, an electromagnetic braking system, a magnetic braking system, or any other braking system as required or desired. Different types of descent devices104are described further below inFIGS.6-15.

In other examples, the descent device104may be a device that the line110passes through and applies a braking force on the line110so as to control the rate that the line110passes through, and thus, a descent rate of the climber108. For example, these devices can be climb assist pulleys that at low speeds (e.g., the climber climbing and the line unloaded) allows the line110to freely pass through the braking system and at increased speeds (e.g., the climber falling and loading the line) the braking system locks the line110. These types of devices typically have a friction braking system such as a series of pulleys that engage with the line110, or use a mechanical advantage with a camming mechanism.

In the example, the descent device104is selectively operable in at least two configurations to control the descent rate of the climber108. For example, the descent device104can have a first or normal operational configuration, in which when the climber108falls from the wall102, the line110extends so as to fully lower the climber108to the ground surface106. In this normal operational configuration, the braking system cannot lock-off and hold the climber108. Rather, the braking forces on the line110are automatically generated and only when the line110is not loaded and line extension stops do the braking forces also stop. As such, the descent device104also has a second or lock-off operational configuration, in which when the climber108falls from the wall102, the line110is restricted from extending so that the climber108is held in position on the wall102and above the ground surface106by the descent device104. This configuration allows the climber108to rest and try difficult moves repeatedly above the ground surface106without being required to descend all the way to the ground as typical of the normal operational configuration.

When the descent device104is in the normal operational configuration, the climber108is lowered at a first or normal descent rate. For example, a normal descent rate can be between about 0.5 meters/second and 4 meters/second. This type of descent rate typically results in the climber108being lowered all the way to the ground surface106after falling from the wall. However, when the descent device104is in the lock-off operational condition, the climber108is lowered at a second or lock-off descent rate. For example, a lock-off descent rate can be between about 0 meters/second and 0.3 meters/second. In some example, the lock-off descent rate may physically stop the climber108and prevent descent down the wall102(e.g., 0 meters/seconds). In other examples, the lock-off descent rate may significantly slow down the climber's descent down the wall102compared to the normal descent rate and allow for the climber108to rest and climb back on the wall102. In either example, the normal descent rate is greater than the lock-off descent rate for the same climber load.

The descent device104can switch between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration as required or desired. For example, the switch between the different configurations can be actively induced by the climber108or automatically within the device104(e.g., passive from the climber108). As illustrated inFIG.1, an engagement device112is disposed remote from and coupled in communication with a controller114of the descent device104. The controller114is configured to switch the descent device104between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. In the example, when the engagement device112is engaged, the descent device104operates in the lock-off operational configuration. Otherwise the engagement device112is disengaged so that the descent device104operates in the normal operational configuration as a default configuration. The engagement device112may be a button located on the bottom of the wall102so that the climber can elect to engage the lock-off operational configuration when climbing alone.

Additionally, when the climber108is locked-off, the lock-off operational configuration is disengageable (e.g., actively or passively) so that the climber108can be lowered all the way to the ground surface106and not remained locked-off on the wall. Passive disengagement (e.g., from the climbers108perspective) can be controlled by the controller114(e.g., either a mechanical or electronic controller). In one example, the climber108falling from the wall102can start a mechanical clock (not shown) that includes springs and gears, which after a predetermined time period would trigger disengagement of the lock-off operational configuration. In another example, the mechanical clock could be an hourglass or a water clock (e.g., movement of fluid, gas, or solid through a constriction) that is configured to a predetermined time period. In yet another example, the timer can be a mechanical device such as a cam lobe, spring, or a gas shock. In still another example, the descent device104may have an electronic timer (e.g., on the controller114) that automatically disengages the lock-off operational configuration upon a predetermined time period or condition that is satisfied so that the climber108can lower all the way to the ground surface106. For example, if the climber108hangs from the line110for more than 30 seconds, the descent device104may automatically switch to the normal operational configuration and lower the climber108towards the ground surface106. In another example, upon three sequential lock-off operations by the climber108, the subsequent lock-off operation will automatically switch the descent device104to the normal operational configuration and lower the climber108towards the ground surface106. As such, with this layout of the system100, the climber108may climb without another person (e.g., a belayer) present.

In some examples, the engagement device112may be sized and shaped as a rock climbing hold for use by the climber108. In other examples, the engagement device112can be a switch, an adjustable controller, a computer interface, a touch sensitive area, a biometric sensor, a mobile application, a sound sensor, etc. For example, a position sensor disposed on the wall102and above the ground surface106(e.g., around six feet) may be used to detect a position of the climber108on the wall102and automatically engage the lock-off operational configuration once the climber108reaches a predetermined height. In still another example, the engagement device112can be a scanner that reads information off of a RFID tag, bar code, QR code, or other code based information and relay the information to the descent device104. For example, the code may engage the lock-off operational configuration and specify the time period for lock-off or specify three sequential lock-off operations by the climber108so that after the condition is satisfied the descent device104switches to the normal operational configuration. In yet another example, the engagement device112may be positioned within the descent device104and include a sensor that can detect a specific series of patterns from the climber108pulling on the line110. For example, when the climber108pulls down on the line110three times in quick succession, the engagement device112may engage the lock-off operational configuration. Additionally or alternatively, the engagement device112can be other system/method that allows the climber108to selectively engage the lock-off operational configuration as required or desired. In an example, the engagement device112may be a remote switch that the climber108can carry during use.

The automatic descent control system100may also include one or more secondary engagement devices116coupled in communication with the controller114. For example, a button may be disposed at the top of the wall102so that when the climber108completes the route, the lock-off operational configuration can actively be disengaged and the climber108can be lowered all the way to the ground surface106. In another example, the lock-off operation configuration may be the default configuration and the engagement device112switches the descent device104to the normal operational configuration. For example, the engagement device112is disposed at the top of the wall102so as to enable the climber108to engage the normal operational configuration of the descent device104and lower all the way to the ground surface106.

The descent device104has a braking system (not shown) that controls the descent rate of the climber108in both operational configurations. In some examples, the same braking system may be used in both operational configurations, while in other examples, each operational configuration may have its own independent braking system. Braking systems are described further below in reference toFIGS.6-13. In some examples, to actuate one or more of the braking systems of the descent device104, a sensor device118that is coupled in communication to the controller114is utilized. The sensor device118detects one or more operational configurations of the line110being loaded (e.g., the climber108falling off the wall) so as to actuate the braking system.

In the example, the sensor device118is disposed within the descent device104so that a condition of the descent device104is monitored. The sensor device118can be a rotatory encoder to measure whether the line110is extending or retracting from the housing and at what velocity and/or acceleration. In another example, an accelerometer, force sensor, strain gauge, velocity sensor, laser sensor, LIDAR sensor, sonar, camera, etc. can be used as required or desired. In other examples, the sensor device118can be remote from the descent device104. For example, one or more sensor devices118can be placed on the wall102and/or the ground surface106and be used to monitor the position and movement of the climber108so if a fall occurs, the braking system can be actuated. In still another example, the sensor device118can be a camera pointed at the entire wall system to monitor the position and movement of the climber108and actuate the braking system as required or desired. The sensor device118can be placed on/in the line110, the hold features on the wall102, along the route of the climber108, or on the wall102itself. In yet another example, the sensor device118may be a button located on the wall102or remote from the wall102that a belayer presses to actuate the braking system as required or desired.

The controller114can be connected to the engagement device(s)112,116and/or the sensor device(s)118in a wired communication network. In other examples, the controller114is connected to the engagement device(s)112,116and/or the sensor device(s)118in a wireless communication network. Wireless communication can include infrared, BLUETOOTH® wireless technology, 802.11a/b/g/n, cellular, or other radio frequency communication systems as required or desired. The controller114operates to receive data from the engagement device(s)112,116and the sensor device(s)118about user inputs or selections for controlling the descent device104(e.g., engaging a specific configuration and actuating the brake). In some examples, the controller114can also operate to transmit data regarding the descent device104as required or desired. In these examples, the controller114is an electronic controller that electronically engages and actuates the braking system. For example, by electrically actuating a servo, a motor, etc. so as to engage the lock-off operational configuration and actuate the braking system to generate a braking force.

In other examples, the controller114can be a mechanical controller that mechanically engages and actuates the braking system. For example, by mechanically actuating a power screw, lead screw, worm gear, rack and pinion, ratchet, pawls, spring clutch, flyball governor, inertial governor, counterweight, resistance, spring(s), clock spring, diaphragm, Belleville washer, torsion bar, leaf spring, coil spring, gas shock, etc. so as to engage the lock-off operational configuration and actuate the braking system to generate a braking force.

FIG.2is a schematic view of another automatic descent control system200. Similar to the example described above, the system200includes a climbing wall102and a descent device104having a line110attached to a climber108. In this example, however, the descent device104is coupled in communication202(e.g., wired or wireless) to a control station204. The control station204is remote from the wall102and, in some examples, can be a computing device used to implement aspects of the systems and methods described herein. The control station204enables a user (e.g., the belayer) to transmit control signals to the descent device104. For example, the user can engage or disengage the lock-off operational configuration (described above) as required or desired. The control station204can be coupled in communication to a plurality of descent devices104(e.g., on a synthetic climbing wall) so that a single user can controller multiple descent devices104for multiple climbers108. In other examples, the control station204can be coupled to remotely located sensor devices118(shown inFIG.1) that monitor the climber108. As such, the control station204can also transmit actuation signals to the braking system. For example, a multi-camera projection system can monitor the climbing wall102and be used to detect the position of the climbers108for actuation of the braking system.

When the control station204is a computing device, the computing devices includes processing device(s) and system memory. Examples of computing devices includes a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a mobile device including a smart phone, or any other devices configured to process digital instructions. The computing device can include input devices, such as a keyboard, a pointer, microphone, a touch sensitive display, etc., to enable a user to provide inputs to the computing device.

FIG.3is a schematic view of another automatic descent control system300. In this example, a descent device302includes a first line304and a second line306in parallel. Both lines304,306are attached to the climber108and used for when the climber108climbs the wall102. The first line304operates only in the normal operational configuration, while the second line306operates only in the lock-off operational configuration. This allows for two separate braking systems to be used (e.g., one for each line304,306) and for the lock-off operational configuration to be engaged/disengaged as required or desired. By separating the braking systems, a redundant system is formed.

FIG.4is a schematic view of another automatic descent control system400. In this example, a first descent device402has a first line404that is coupled to a second descent device406. The second descent device406has a second line408that is coupled to the climber108. The two descent devices402,406are coupled in series and have different braking characteristics (e.g., different descent rates) so that staged braking is provided when the climber108falls from the wall102and a lock-off operational configuration is enabled. In another example, the first descent device402can be replaced by an actuator (e.g., electric motor, solenoid, screw jack, etc.) that extends and retracts the line404, and thus the second descent device406, to the ground surface. This configuration enables the second descent device406to have the lock-off operational configuration in any loading scenario. For the climber108to return to the ground surface, the actuator is used to lower the climber to the ground.

FIG.5is a schematic view of the sensor device118for use with the automatic descent control system100(shown inFIG.1). With reference toFIGS.1and5, the sensor device118acan be disposed within the descent device104and is configured to detect one or more operational configurations of the line110being loaded (e.g., the climber falling off the wall) so as to actuate the braking system. In one example, the sensor device118acan monitor the movement of the line110. The movement can be a position and/or direction of the movement so that velocity and acceleration can be determined. For example, with a laser sensor, an accelerometer, force gauge, strain gauge, velocity sensor, LIDAR sensor, sonar, optical sensor, etc. In another example, the line may include features (e.g., metal strands, flags, RFID chips, etc.) to assist with the sensor monitoring.

In other examples, the sensor device118bmay be positioned on a rotor120and configured to detect one or more operational configuration of the rotor120being loaded so as to actuate the braking system. In one example, the sensor device118bcan monitor rotational movement of one or more components of the descent device104. The movement can be a position and/or direction of the movement so that velocity and acceleration can be determined, for example, with a rotary encoder. The rotor120can be a roller that the line110passes over as illustrated. In other examples, the rotor120can be the drum that the line110winds about. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor device118can monitor components of the braking system.

The sensor device118can also be disposed remote from the descent device104. For example, one or more sensor devices118can be placed on the wall102(e.g., as holds on the climbing route) and/or the ground surface106and be used to monitor the position and movement of the climber108. In still another example, the sensor device118can be a camera pointed at the entire wall system to monitor the position and movement of the climber108(e.g., via the control station204(shown inFIG.2)). In yet another example, the sensor device118may be a button located on the wall102or remote from the wall102that a belayer presses to actuate the braking system as required or desired. In the examples described, the normal operational configuration typically automatically generates a braking force, but the lock-off operational configuration needs to be able to selectively engage and disengage, and thus, requires the sensor device118to trigger a braking force to be generated. It should be appreciated that this sequence of operation can also be reversed or that both operational configurations use the sensor device118to trigger a braking force to be generated.

FIG.6is a schematic view of an exemplary automatic descent control device500for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. The descent device500includes a line system502that retracts slack from a line504when the line is not loaded and that extends the line504when the line is loaded (e.g., upon a fall from a climber). The line system502includes a rotatable shaft506and a drum508that the line504wraps around. The descent device500also includes a first braking system510that provides a braking force when the line504is loaded so as to control extension of the line504and defines a first descent rate of a load (e.g., the climber). In this example, the first braking system510is an automatic fan braking system and includes a plurality of fan blades512. When the fan blades512rotate through a working fluid (e.g., air), a braking force is generated to slow the rotation of the shaft506, and thus, the extension of the line504.

Additionally, a second braking system514is coupled to one or more components of the first braking system510(e.g., the shaft506) and also provides a braking force to the shaft506so as to control extension of the line504and define a second descent rate of the load. In the example, the second braking system514is a disk braking system516with a rotor518coupled to the shaft506and at least one caliper520configured to engage with the rotor518to generate the braking force. In operation, the first braking system510enables the descent device500to operate in the normal operational configuration. Because the fan blades512are coupled to the shaft506, the first braking system510is always operational when the shaft506rotates. However, to lower the load at a second descent rate and lock-off the climber, the second braking system514is selectively operable so that the descent device500can operate in the lock-off operational configuration. Thus, the descent device500has at least two different configurations for two different descent rates of the same constant load (e.g., the climber).

As described above, when the second braking system514is enabled, the disk braking system516can lock the position of the shaft506, and thus the line504, so as to prevent the climber from lowering to the ground. Additionally, the disk braking system516can slowly lower the line504as required or desired. When the disk braking system516is disengaged (e.g., upon a predetermined time period described above), the descent device500automatically switches to the first braking system510so that the normal operational configuration is engaged. Furthermore, by using two separate braking systems, redundant braking systems are provided and the number of possible fail points of the descent device500are reduced.

In other examples, the second braking system514could be any other rotational brake device as required or desired. For example, a band brake wrapped around any rotating component (e.g., the shaft506) can be used. A drum brake engaged with the drum508or the shaft506could be used. A pin lock can also be used, with a rotating element coupled to the shaft506having pre-loaded pins that selectively engage (e.g., by a timing device) with a static element to prevent rotation of the system. The braking system514could interact with the fan blades512to prevent rotation of the shaft506. For example, by a band brake or by a disk brake with the tips of the blades being coupled together with a rotor element. In another example, the second braking system514may be an electromagnetic brake. The second braking system514could also be another fan type braking system. The controller114(shown inFIG.1) of the descent device500is used to engage and disengage the second braking system514as described above.

In another example, the second braking system514can be integrated with the first braking system510, while still enabling the descent device500to switch between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. For example, the fan blades512can be mounted on actuators (not shown) so that a fan feather angle relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft506can be selectively adjusted. In this example, the fan feather angle can be modified, for example, the blade oriented in a direction towards being substantially parallel to the axis of rotation, for a slow descent rate and the lock-off operational configuration. When the fan feather angle is adjusted with the blade oriented in a direction towards being substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation and for a faster descent rate and the normal operational configuration.

In other examples, the size (e.g., the surface area) of the fan blades512may be adjustable so as to control the quantity of air acting as a working fluid for the braking system. In this example, larger surface areas of the blades would increase the braking force and decrease the descent rate of the descent device500, while smaller surface areas of the blades decrease the braking force and increase the descent rate of the descent device500. In yet other examples, the fan blades512can be coupled to a lead screw so that the blades512can selectively linearly move. As such, when the lead screw is engaged the fan blades512could travel into a friction brake, an area with one or more locking pawls, an area with a high gear ratio, etc.

In yet another example, the second braking system514could be integrated with the drum508. During the extension of the line504, the line504induces a tension force on the drum508. The tension force applied on the drum508can be used to generate a braking force on the shaft506via one or more braking elements. In other examples, the second braking system514can be a friction brake device or a magnetic/electromagnetic brake device coupled to the shaft506

In still other examples, the fan blades512may be enclosed within a housing (not shown) so that the material properties of the working fluid can be adjustable so as to change the braking force generated. For example, when the working fluid is air, the density or pressure of the air can be adjustable. In other examples, working fluids such as water, oil, gas, etc. can be used as required or desired. In another example, the working fluid could include magnetic particles so that when a magnetic field is induced, the rotation of the fan blades512can be locked. In yet another example, a non-Newtonian fluid can be used.

FIG.7is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device600for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. The descent device600is illustrated in a normal operational configuration602and a lock-off operational configuration604. In this example, a braking system606is a frictional braking system and includes a brake drum608and at least one brake pad610that frictionally engage so as to generate a braking force. In the example, the brake pad610is coupled to a rotatable shaft612that rotates upon extension/retraction of a line (not shown). When the descent device600is in the normal operational configuration602, the rotation of the brake pad610in relation to the drum608generates fiction as the braking force acting on the shaft612so as to lower the climber at a first descent rate.

In this example, the braking system606also includes an actuator system614that selectively prevents the brake pad610from rotating within the drum608(e.g., via a locking engagement with the drum608) so that the descent device600is in the lock-off operational configuration604and holds the climber at a second descent rate. The actuator system614includes a cam616and a pin618. The cam616can selectively rotate R so as to translate T the pin618by different radial cam surfaces and lock the position of the brake pad610against the drum608. The cam616can be rotated by an electronic motor, by centrifugal force, or any other method as required or desired. In other examples, the pin618may be translated T by a solenoid or the like. The controller114(shown inFIG.1) of the descent device600is used to engage and disengage the actuator system614as described above.

As illustrated inFIG.7, the actuator system614is integrated within the braking system606of the descent device600. In other examples, the braking system606may include two discrete braking systems. For example, a primary friction braking system is used for the normal operational configuration602and a secondary friction braking system for use in the lock-off operational configuration604. In some examples, the secondary braking system can be a drum brake, a band brake, a damper, a disk brake, electromagnetic, etc. as required or desired. The primary braking system and the secondary braking system can be positioned in series or in parallel.

FIG.8is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device700for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. Similar to the example described above inFIG.7, the descent device700includes a frictional braking system702with a brake drum704and at least one brake pad706. In this example, however, the brake pad706is supported at a pivot point708and opposite of the pivot point708is an actuator system710. The actuator system710selectively pivots P the brake pad706relative to the drum704and to switch between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration as described herein. The actuator system710can be a solenoid, a cam, a spring, etc.

FIG.9is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device800for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. The descent device800includes a line system802that supports a load804(e.g., a climber). The line system802includes a line806that extends through a plurality of pulleys808and attaches to a first braking system810. In this example, the first braking system810is a hydraulic braking system and includes a hydraulic cylinder812. The movement of the cylinder812via hydraulic fluid lowers the load804at a first descent rate in a normal operational configuration. In one example, hydraulic fluid enters into the cylinder812as the climber climbs the wall and is expelled from the cylinder812upon descent of the climber so as to generate a braking force on the line806and lower the load804at a first descent rate.

In this example, the descent device800also includes a second braking system814. The second braking system814is coupled to one or more components of the first braking system810(e.g., the line806) and also provides a braking force so as to control extension of the line806and define a second descent rate of the load804. In the example, the second braking system814is a linear actuator816that is coupled to the line806and configured to selectively take up slack in the line806so as to lower the load804at a second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. For example, the free end of the actuator816can include one or more rollers818that can engage with the line806and can linearly translate T. By selectively adjusting the length of the line806through the pulleys808, a braking force is generated on the line806and lowers the load804at a second descent rate. The linear actuator816can be oriented substantially orthogonal to the cylinder812. In some examples, the actuator816can be a hydraulic cylinder so that the first and the second braking systems810,814can share a hydraulic fluid manifold. In other examples, the second braking system814can include an electric motor that actuates a solenoid to generate the translational movement T. The controller114(shown inFIG.1) of the descent device800is used to engage and disengage the second braking system814as described above.

FIG.10is a schematic view of another example of a second braking system820that can be used with the descent device800(shown inFIG.9). In this example, the second braking system820can move relative to the line806so as to increase the friction in the line system and generate a braking force. For example, by adjusting the fleet angle of the line806through one or more friction elements822. As such, the second braking system820can lower the load on the line806at a second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. In another example, the second braking system820can be a device that uses a mechanical camming mechanism (not shown) that applies mechanical friction to the line806to regulate the applied braking force. The controller114(shown inFIG.1) of the descent device800is used to engage and disengage the second braking system820as described above.

With continued reference toFIGS.9and10, in other examples, the second braking system814,820could be a cable catch (not shown) that selectively engages with the line806in a lock-off operational configuration. The cable catch can be fixed relative to the line806and prevents rapid extraction of the line806through the system when the line is loaded (e.g., upon a fall of the climber). In another example, the second braking system814,820could be a linear magnetic eddy current brake that applies a braking force on the line806. The line806can include either the conductor or the magnetic element as required or desired. The braking force applied by the eddy current brake can be scaled so as to define the second descent rate. In still other examples, the second braking system814,820can be coupled to one or more of the pulleys808so that the braking force can be applied through a rotational resistance on the pulley808. In this example, the second braking system814,820can be magnetic based, electromagnetic based, friction based, fan based, etc. as required or desired. The second braking system814,820can also couple to the rotational shafts of the pulleys808.

The second braking system814,820described inFIGS.9and10, acts on the line806of the descent device800. It should be appreciated that a braking system acting on a line of any of the descent devices (e.g., a fan braking system, a friction braking system, a hydraulic braking system, an electromagnetic braking system, and a magnetic braking system) can be used as required or desired. In other examples, the second braking system814,820could be used with a first braking system that includes a counterweight, or a motor.

Additionally or alternatively, the second braking system814,820can be coupled to the hydraulic cylinder812so as to control the second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. In some examples, a secondary operator (not shown) could control (e.g., open/close) a hydraulic fluid valve so as to control the flow of hydraulic fluid though the cylinder812. This operator can be coupled to a pressure sensor that monitors the pressure of the fluid within the hydraulic cylinder812to determine the position of the valve and the force of the hydraulic damper. The sensors and valve operator can be operably coupled to the control station204(shown inFIG.2) as required or desired. In another example, the second braking system814,820can be a magnetic based braking system coupled to the cylinder812(e.g., a linear eddy current brake system) to slow the extension of the rod within the cylinder and generate the braking force.

FIG.11is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device900for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. Similar to the device described inFIG.9, in this example, the descent device900includes a first braking system902that is a hydraulic braking system with a first hydraulic cylinder904. The movement of the cylinder904via hydraulic fluid lowers the climber via a line906at a first descent rate in a normal operational configuration. Additionally, the descent device900includes a second braking system908that is a hydraulic braking system with a second hydraulic cylinder910in series with the first braking system902. The movement of the cylinder910via hydraulic fluid lowers the climber via the line906at a second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. In this example, the climber is attached to both braking systems902,908simultaneously.

Each hydraulic cylinder904,910can have different braking properties so as to define the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. In some examples, each hydraulic cylinder904,910selectively operates, while in other examples, both may operate together. The braking properties can further be adjusted by varying the length of the line906as described above. The second hydraulic cylinder910can also be activated in case the first hydraulic cylinder904becomes exhausted. In other examples, the first braking system902and the second braking system908may be positioned in parallel, each having a line906coupled to the climber and having different braking properties.

FIG.12is a perspective view of another automatic descent control device1000for use with the automatic descent control systems described above.FIG.13is a cross-sectional view of the descent device1000. Referring concurrently toFIGS.12and13, the descent device1000includes a line system1002disposed at least partially within a housing1004. The line system1002includes a drum1006mounted on a first rotatable shaft1008that is rotatably supported by the housing1004by one or more bearings1010.The line system1002also includes a line (not shown) that is configured to be attached to a climber. The line is wound at least partially around the drum1006and extends through an opening1012at the bottom of the housing1004. The line retracts within the housing1004and winds about the drum1006when the line is not loaded and extends from the housing1004and unwinds about the drum1006when the line is loaded. As the line winds and unwinds the drum1006, the drum1006rotates the first shaft1008about a first axis1014.

The descent device1000includes a first braking system1016that couples to the first shaft1008. In this example, the first braking system1016is an eddy current braking system and includes a disk1018mounted on a second rotatable shaft1020that is rotatably supported in the housing1004by one or more bearings1010. The disk1018includes one or more conductors1022, while one or more magnets1024are mounted to the housing1004. Upon rotation of the disk1018about a second axis1026, centrifugal forces are used to selectively pass the conductors1022through the magnetic field generated by the magnets1024. The magnetic field resists this motion, thereby generating a braking force on the line and lowering the climber at a first descent rate. The first braking system1016is used in a normal operational configuration of the descent device1000. One example of this type of eddy current braking system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,490,751 to Allington et al., issued Jul. 23, 2013, and that is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In the example, the first shaft1008is parallel to but offset from the second shaft1020and the shafts1008,1020are coupled together by one or more gears1028. The gears1028enable the first shaft1008to rotate at a different speed than the second shaft1020. In other examples, the first shaft1008may rotate at the same speed of the second shaft1020. In still other examples, the second shaft1020may be axially aligned or integrated with the first shaft1008so that the shafts1008,1020can rotate at the same speed.

The descent device1000also includes an independent second braking system1030that couples to the first shaft1008. In this example, the second braking system is a disk braking system and includes a rotor1032coupled to the first shaft1008and at least one caliper1034supported on the housing1004. The second braking system1030also provides a braking force on the line and lowers the climber at a second descent rate. The second braking system1030is used in a lock-off operational configuration of the descent device1000. A controller1036is coupled to the second braking system1030and selectively engages the second braking system1030when it is engaged and selectively actuates the calipers1034when generating the braking force. For example, and as described in detail inFIG.1, the controller1036can receive an engagement signal so as to engage the second braking system1030for operation, and then once a sensor1038detects that the climber has fallen off of the wall, the second braking system1030is actuated by the controller1036.

The engagement signal can be generated by a remote engagement button (not shown). Additionally, the sensor1038is coupled in communication with the controller1036. The sensor1038can be a rotary encoder (as illustrated) to detect when the line is loaded and send an actuation signal to the controller1036for the second braking system1030. In other examples, the sensor1038can be an accelerometer, a force gauge, as strain gauge, or a laser sensor as required or desired. In the example, the controller1036is an electronic controller with a circuit board having components that enable operation of the second braking system1030as described herein. A power source (not shown) is also included in the descent device1000. In other examples, the controller1036can be a mechanical controller as required or desired.

In other examples, the second braking system1030can be mounted on the second shaft1020. In still another example, the magnets1024of the first braking system1016can be coupled to a power source and form an electromagnet. The power flow to the electromagnet can then be modulated (e.g., by the controller1036) to generate a braking force. In this example, a second braking system1030is not required, as the power flow can be used to operate the first braking system1016in both the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. An increase in power would increase the braking force generated by the eddy current braking system. In yet another example, the second braking system1030may be a band brake. Examples of an electromagnetic brake and a band brake are described below in reference toFIGS.14and15.

FIG.14is a partial cross-sectional view of the descent device1000with a different second braking system1100. As described above, the descent device1000includes the line system1002disposed at least partially within the housing1004. The line system1002includes the drum1006mounted on the first rotatable shaft1008that is rotatably supported by one or more bearings1010. The descent device1000can include the first braking system (not shown) that is an eddy current braking system to generate a braking force during operation. In this example, however, the independent second braking system1100is a band brake system and includes a drum1102coupled to the first shaft1008via a clutch/ball bearing1104. A band brake pad1106is positioned radially outside of the drum1102and is coupled to an actuator (not shown). The actuator can move the band brake pad1106so as to apply a frictional brake to the drum1102and generate a braking force.

FIG.15is a perspective view of the descent device shown1000with another different second braking system1200. As described above, the descent device1000includes the housing1004which encloses a line system (not shown) and has a first braking system (not shown) that is an eddy current braking system to generate a braking force during operation. In this example, however, the independent second braking system1200is an electromagnetic brake system and includes a rotating brake pad1202coupled to the first shaft via a hub1204. The brake pad1202is positioned adjacent to an electromagnetic base1206that is coupled to the exterior of the housing1004. In operation, electrical power can be applied to the base1206such that a magnetic field is created and the magnetic attraction pulls the brake pad1202in contact with the base1206. The friction and the strength of the magnetic fields generates the braking force.

FIG.16is a perspective view of another automatic descent control device1300for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. As described above, the descent device1300includes a line system (not shown) disposed at least partially within a housing1302. Within the housing1302, a rotatable shaft1304(shown inFIG.17) is supported and a first braking system (not shown) is coupled thereto. The first braking system is used in a normal operational configuration of the descent device1300, and in the example, is an eddy current braking system. One example of this type of eddy current braking system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,490,751 to Allington et al. Furthermore, certain components disposed within the housing1302that enable operation of the first braking system of the descent device1300are described in detail in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/991,467, filed Mar. 18, 2020, and that is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

The descent device1300also includes an independent second braking system1306that couples to the housing1302and the rotatable shaft1304. The second braking system1306can be removed from the housing1302and the shaft1304as required or desired. As described above, the second braking system1306also provides a braking force on the line and is configured to lower the climber at a second descent rate. The second braking system1306is used in a lock-off operational configuration of the descent device1300as described herein. As illustrated inFIG.16, a housing of the second braking system1306is not illustrated so that some of the components therein are shown. The housing (not shown) is used to enclose the second braking system1306in a single system that can be coupled to the descent device housing1302as required or desired.

In the example, the second braking system1306is an electromagnetic brake system that uses an electromagnetic force to apply mechanical friction resistance to the shaft1304. The braking system1306includes a controller1307that is configured to selectively engage the second braking system1306so as to generate the braking force. To generate the mechanical friction resistance, the braking system1306includes a brake hub1308, a brake pad1310, and a clamp wheel1312. The clamp wheel1312can be coupled to the housing1302via one or more fasteners1314(e.g., bolts). The components of the second braking system1306are described in further detail below and in reference toFIGS.17-19.

FIG.17is a cross-sectional view of the second braking system1306.FIG.18is an exploded perspective view of the second braking system1306. Referring concurrently toFIGS.17and18, the second braking system1306is configured to couple to the descent device1300(shown inFIG.16). In the example, the descent device includes the rotatable shaft1304that has one end accessible through the housing1302(shown inFIG.16). The braking system1306includes a lockoff plug shaft1316that is configured to couple to the rotatable shaft1304so that rotation of the rotatable shaft1304about a rotation axis1318drives corresponding rotation of the plug shaft1316around the rotation axis1318. In the example, the plug shaft1316and the rotatable shaft1304are coaxial along the axis1318. In an aspect, the plug shaft1316and the rotatable shaft1304are coupled together via a spline coupling so that direct rotation of the shaft1304drives direct corresponding rotation of the plug shaft1316. Additionally or alternatively, a fastener1320can be used to further secure the rotatable shaft1304and the plug shaft1316together.

A rotor assembly of the second braking system1306is coupled to the plug shaft1316and includes a collet1322that supports a clutch bearing1324. A collar1326is used to secure the clutch bearing1324on the collet1322. The brake hub1308is coupled to the clutch bearing1324so that the brake hub1308is rotatable around the rotation axis1318and driven by the rotatable shaft1304. A reluctor wheel1328is coupled to the collar1326so that the reluctor wheel1328is also rotatable around the rotation axis1318and driven by the rotatable shaft1304. A stator assembly of the second braking system1306is coupled to the housing1302(shown inFIG.16) via the fasteners1314and includes the clamp wheel1312. Supported on the clamp wheel1312is the brake pad1310. The brake pad1310is disposed adjacent to the brake hub1308with a gap1330therebetween.

The second braking system1306also includes the controller1307. In an aspect, the controller1307is coupled to the housing (not shown) of the braking system1306that encloses the rotor and stator assemblies. In this example, the controller1307includes a printed circuit board (PCB)1332that is configured to enable operation of the second braking system1306as described herein. The controller1307is coupled in electric communication with the clamp wheel1312so that voltage can be applied and a magnetic field can be generated. The PCB1332includes one or more sensors1334that are configured to read the rotational speed and/or direction of the reluctor wheel1328. In an aspect, the reluctor wheel1328is ferromagnetic and the sensor1334is a magnetic sensor (either active or passive). The PCB1332can also include any other electrical based component as required or desired. For example, the PCB1332can have memory and a processor so as to process algorithms and/or control loops that enable function of the descent device1300and the braking system1306as described herein. The PCB1332can have one or more communication components for wired or wireless communication. For example, selective engagement of the braking system1306via the engagement device (e.g., a button) or a control station. In other examples, the communication components can send operational data from the descent device1300and the braking system1306as required or desired. For example, a number and/or or time of user's climbs, etc.

In aspects, the controller1307and the associated components can enable the descent device1300to record line inspections. For example, a line inspection would have a unique rotation to the drum when compared to normal operation, thereby enabling the identification of how many line inspections occur (e.g., a total number or a number over a period of time). In another aspect, the descent device1300can record the number of descents by users. For example, this use based data can be used during device recertification procedures. In other examples, frequency of usage can be determined so that owners can more efficiently set up climbing walls and number of descent devices. In still other examples, the descent device1300can send real time usage information to other devices. This enables for owners to optimize descent devices based on actual climber usage and/or allow climbers to participle in virtual games or climbing competitions. In yet another aspect, the descent device1300can detect the weight of climbers because different weights will have unique descent profiles. In examples, this used based data can be used to help determine harnesses sizes to use and purchase. In still other aspects, the descent device1300can determine overload conditions. For example, climber weights that are greater than or equal to a maximum load rating on the device, or slack jumps whereby a climber pulls out slack on the line and jumps onto the device catching the jump. It should be appreciated that other functions are also contemplated herein.

In operation, the descent device1300includes a first braking system (not shown) that is an eddy current brake system, although, any other braking system described herein may be utilized, for use in a normal operational configuration. In this configuration, the components of the first braking system are coupled to and disposed around the rotatable shaft1304such that the rotatable shaft1304rotates as the user climbs and descends. Additionally, the second braking system1306is disengaged so that no additional braking forces are generated on the shaft1304. However, because the reluctor wheel1328is coupled to the rotatable shaft1304and rotates therewith, the controller1307can collect and/or transmit data during the normal operational configuration as required or desired.

The second braking system1306, when engaged, also provides a braking force on the rotatable shaft134and is utilized to lower the climber at a second and different descent rate (e.g., slower or stopped) while in a lock-off operational configuration. In the lock-off operational configuration, the controller1307, via the sensor1334and the reluctor wheel1328detects rotation direction and speed of the rotatable shaft1304. Based on the detection of the movement of the shaft1304, the controller1307selectively channels an electric current or voltage to the clamp wheel1312. The clamp wheel1312includes an electric coil1313such that when power is applied, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field attracts the brake hub1308that is ferromagnetic, so as to close the gap1330between the brake pad1310and the brake hub1308, and thereby, inducing a frictional braking force on the rotatable shaft1304. The amount of power supplied to the clamp wheel1312can control the amount of frictional braking force applied to the system. The brake pad1310can be replaceable so as to extend the life-span of the second braking system1306. To release the brake hub130and the frictional braking force, power can be removed from the clamp wheel1312and the magnetic field removed. The clutch bearing1324is used to provide some slip and damping to the coupling between the brake hub1308and the rotatable shaft1304so as to increase the life-span of the components and reduce wear.

FIG.19is a partial exploded perspective view of the second braking system1306. Certain components are described above, and thus, are not necessarily described further. The collet1322is coupled to the plug shaft1316by a first key1336so that rotational movement can be transferred between the two. The clutch bearing1324is also coupled to the collet1322by the first key1336so that rotational movement can be transferred between the two. A second key1338is used to couple the brake hub1308(shown inFIGS.17and18) to the clutch bearing1324so that rotational movement can be transferred between the two. The first and second keys1336,1338are different sizes so that assembly of the rotor assembly is more efficient (e.g., during maintenance). The collar1326is secured by a fastener1340(e.g., bolt) so as to hold the other components on the plug shaft1316and so that the rotor assembly can be rotatably driven by the shaft1304.

The electromagnetic brake inFIGS.16-19is a system that can easily be coupled to a shaft of a descent device so as to provide lock-off operations as described herein. By self-containing all of the components needed for the lock-off operations, modifications of the original descent control device are reduced or eliminated entirely. For example, the second braking system1306can easily be attached and removed as required or desired. Additionally, the electronic controller1307provides an electronic monitoring system for operation of the descent device and the second braking system. This enables for operations of the descent device to be more easily monitored and user based data to be collected. For example, the number of user's climbs and falls can be counted, an operational service time can be measured, climbing speeds can be measured, etc. so that performance of the descent device is increased.

FIG.20is a front view of an exemplary interface hold1400.FIG.21is a perspective cross-sectional view of the interface hold1400taken along line21-21. Referring concurrently toFIGS.20and21, the interface hold1400is one example of an engagement device described herein that enables the descent device to be remotely switched between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. In the example, the interface hold1400is configured to couple in communication with the descent devices described herein. The interface hold1400includes one or more buttons1402that when actuated (e.g., pressed) remotely engages the lock-off operational configuration of the descent device. In some examples, the interface hold1400can wirelessly couple to the descent device (e.g., via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) so as to engage the lock-off operational configuration. In the illustrated example, the interface hold1400can be wired to the descent device so that the interface hold1400can also be used as a power source for the descent device and the braking system(s) disposed therein. For example, an electrical wire (not shown) may extend between the descent device and the interface hold1400and along a backside of a climbing wall so that it is not accessible to the climbers.

The interface hold1400also includes a mount plate1404and a housing cover1406that removably couples thereto, and which define an interior chamber1408therein. The interface hold1400is configured to mount on a climbing wall, for example, by one or more holes1410that are shaped and sized to receive a bolt (not shown) which secures to the climbing wall. In an aspect, the interface hold1400may be coupled towards a bottom of the climbing wall so that the climber can engage the lock-off operational configuration as required or desired at the start of the climb. The interface hold1400may also be configured to support the climber as required or desired. The housing cover1406has an outer surface having a plurality of oblique surfaces such that the interface hold1400can be distinguished from other climbing holds known in the art. It should be appreciated that the interface hold1400can take any other shape as required or desired, including shapes that correspond to known climbing holds. In the example, the button1402is disposed at the bottom of the housing cover1406, however, other locations are contemplated herein. Additionally, the housing cover1406may include a visual indicator (e.g., LED light, display screen, or the like) that enables the system to indicate the operational configuration of the descent device and/or any other status condition of the descent device (e.g., on/off, etc.).

Within the interior chamber1408, the interface hold1400includes a power source1412and a controller1414. In an aspect, the power source1412can be a replaceable battery pack or a rechargeable battery pack (e.g., with a port for charging). In other aspects, the power source1412may be a coupling to an exterior power source such as line power for a building/structure or a generator. In the example, a removable cover1416may be used to access the power source1412. In an aspect, the cover1416is disposed at the top of the housing cover1406, however, other locations are contemplated herein. The controller1414is disposed adjacent to the button1402and includes any number of electronic components that enable function of the system as described herein. For example, the controller1414enables communication with the descent device and for power to be supplied thereto. It should be appreciated, however, that in other examples, the descent device may have its own power source as required or desired. In some aspects, the interface hold1400can be water resistant for use with outdoor climbing walls.

The automatic descent control systems described herein enable any number of climbing wall layouts to be adapted for allowing a lock-off operational configuration to be engaged so that a climber is allowed to hang above a ground surface without being lowered all the way to the ground surface. For example, an engagement device can be mounted on a climbing wall for the climber to engage the lock-off operational configuration. In another example, a control system can be used so that a belayer can control the lock-off operational configuration. Additionally, a sensor device can be used so that while in the lock-off operational configuration, a braking system is actuated to generate a braking force. The sensor device can monitor any number of components including the line and the braking system. For example, the sensor device can be any one of an encoder, accelerometer, force gauge, strain gauge, laser sensor, camera, etc. Further, the systems may still operate normally to allow the climber to be lowered all the way to the ground surface in a normal operational configuration as required or desired.

The descent devices described herein can either include a single braking system that can change operational configurations or have two separate braking systems, one for each operational configuration. Examples of a single braking system include a motor attached to a line. In some examples, a gear reduction or a transmission can be used to selectively control the descent rate of the climber. Using two separate braking systems enables existing descent devices, such as, fan braking systems, friction braking systems, hydraulic braking systems, and magnetic braking systems, to be adapted to allow the climber to hang above the ground surface in the lock-off operational configuration.

It will be clear that the systems and methods described herein are well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those inherent therein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods and systems within this specification may be implemented in many manners and as such is not to be limited by the foregoing exemplified embodiments and examples. In this regard, any number of the features of the different embodiments described herein may be combined into one single embodiment and alternate embodiments having fewer than or more than all of the features herein described are possible. It is to be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. It must be noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

While various embodiments have been described for purposes of this disclosure, various changes and modifications may readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and may be made which are well within the scope of the present disclosure.