Patent ID: 12215974

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

FIG.1is a schematic conceptual diagram for explaining an optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments.FIG.2is a diagram for explaining an optical system ofFIG.1.FIGS.3to5are diagrams for explaining the self-interference generator ofFIG.1.FIG.6is a graph showing a difference in a distance between an objective lens and a measurement target from a best focus position ofFIG.1and a change in a phase difference.

Referring toFIG.1, the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments may include a stage100, a stage drive unit120, an optical system200, a second beam splitter250, a wavelength selector310, a polarization selector320, a relay lens330, a self-interference generator340, and a detector350. As is traditional in the field of the disclosed technology, some features and embodiments are described, and illustrated in the drawings, in terms of functional blocks, units and/or modules, or using ˜or or ˜er. Those skilled in the art will appreciate from the context that some of these blocks, units and/or modules are physically implemented by electronic (or optical) circuits such as logic circuits, discrete components, microprocessors, hard-wired circuits, memory elements, wiring connections, and the like, which may be formed using semiconductor-based fabrication techniques or other manufacturing technologies. In the case of the blocks, units and/or modules being implemented by microprocessors or similar, they may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform various functions discussed herein and may optionally be driven by firmware and/or software. Alternatively, each block, unit and/or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) to perform other functions.

The measurement target110may be placed on the stage100. In some embodiments, the stage100may be driven by the stage drive unit120in a direction DR perpendicular to an upper surface of the stage100. The stage drive unit120is driven by the control of the image analysis unit360.

The measurement target110may include, for example, a pattern112as inFIG.2. When the measurement target110is a wafer, the pattern112may include various integrated circuits and wirings used for a semiconductor device. The shape of the pattern112is not limited toFIG.2and may vary. Further, the measurement target110may not include the pattern112. For example, the measurement target110may be a bare silicon substrate.

The optical system200may generate light and provide the light to the measurement target110. The optical system200may include a light source210, a lens220, a first beam splitter230, and an objective lens240.

The optical system200may be any optical system that generates a pupil image of the measurement target110. The optical system200may be, for example, but is not limited to, a reflective optical system, a transmissive optical system, a refractive optical system, or the like. Hereinafter, the reflective optical system will be described, for example, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

The light source210may generate and output lights L1and L1′ (e.g., light beams).

In some embodiments, the light source210may generate and output broadband (or multi-wavelength) light. The broadband light may be monochromic light including light having a plurality of wavelength bands. The broadband light may have a wide wavelength range, for example, from a wavelength region of ultraviolet rays (e.g., from about 100 nm to about 400 nm) to a wavelength region of infrared rays (e.g., from about 750 nm to about 1,000 μm). The light source210may be, for example, but is not limited to, a halogen lamp light source or an LED light source that produces a continuous spectrum light.

In some embodiments, the light source210may generate and output the monochromatic light. The monochromatic light may mean light having one wavelength or light having a narrow wavelength range represented by one wavelength (for example, light having a wavelength range of about several nm).

The lens220and the first beam splitter230may transfer the lights L1and L1′, which are output from the light source210, to the measurement target110. The lens220may convert the light output from the light source210into parallel light and provide it to the first beam splitter230. The first beam splitter230makes the lights L1and L1′ provided from the lens220incident toward the measurement target110, and may provide the reflected lights L2and L2′, which are reflected from the measurement target110, to the second beam splitter250. The reflected light L2is formed by reflection of the light L1from the measurement target110, and the reflected light L2′ is formed by reflection of the light L1′ from the measurement target110.

The objective lens240may condense the lights L1and L1′, which are provided from the first beam splitter230, on the measurement target110. The objective lens240may be placed so that the lights L1and L1′ are focused on the surface of the measurement target110. The objective lens240may convert the reflected lights L2and L2′ reflected from the measurement target110into parallel light and provide it to the first beam splitter230.

The light L1indicates that a focus is formed on the surface of the measurement target110when a distance between the objective lens240and the measurement target110is a best focus position, and the light L1′ indicates that the focus is formed on the surface of the measurement target110when the distance between the objective lens240and the measurement target110is not the best focus position. When the measurement target110is placed at the focus position on the basis of the objective lens240, the distance between the objective lens240and the measurement target110may be the best focus position.

The objective lens240may provide a pupil image of the measurement target110. The pupil image of the measurement target10means an image of the measurement target110formed on a pupil plane PP of the objective lens240. Here, the pupil plane PP may refer to a back focal plane of the objective lens240, for example, a plane on an opposite side of the objective lens240as the measurement target110. For example, the objective lens240may form the pupil image on the pupil plane PP from the reflected lights L2and L2′ reflected from the measurement target110.

Referring toFIG.2, the pupil image of the measurement target110formed on the pupil plane PP may include information on various incident angles θ and azimuths ϕ.

Here, the incident angle θ may be defined as an angle formed by light passing through a specific point (for example, a first point P1) on the pupil plane PP and incident on the measurement target110and a normal vertical axis (normal VA) perpendicular to an incident interface.

Further, the azimuth ϕ may be defined as an angle formed by a reference point on the pupil plane PP (for example, the first point P1) and another point on the pupil plane PP (for example, a second point P2) on the basis of the normal VA. Therefore, the pupil image of the measurement target110may have information about various angles at different points (for example, the first to fourth points P1to P4) on the pupil plane PP.

Referring toFIG.1again, the second beam splitter250may provide the polarization selector320with the reflected lights L2and L2′ provided from the optical system200. Alternatively, the wavelength selector310, the polarization selector320, the relay lens330, the self-interference generator340, and the detector350are placed on the first beam splitter230(e.g., to be aligned along a straight line with the measurement target110, objective lens240, and first beam splitter230), and the polarization selector320may be provided with the reflected lights L2and L2′ from the first beam splitter230. In this case, the second beam splitter250may be omitted. The wavelength selector310may be placed between the objective lens240and the detector350. The wavelength selector310may output at least one monochromatic light among the broadband lights. For example, the wavelength selector310may output monochromatic light or any number of monochromatic lights.

In some embodiments, the wavelength selector310may be placed between the second beam splitter250and the polarization selector320. The wavelength selector310may be provided with the reflected lights L2and L2′ which are broadband lights from the second beam splitter250. The wavelength selector310may output monochromatic lights L3and L3′ among the reflected lights L2and L2′. The wavelength selector310may output the monochromatic light L3from the reflected light L2and may output the monochromatic light L3′ from the reflected light L2′.

In some embodiments, when the light source210outputs the monochromatic light, the wavelength selector310may be omitted.

The wavelength selector310may include, for example, a band pass filter.

The polarization selector320may polarize the reflected lights L2and L2′ at a specific angle or in a specific direction to output polarized lights L4and L4′. The polarization selector320may polarize the reflected light L2to generate a polarized light L4, and polarize the reflected light L2′ to generate a polarized light L4′.

The polarization may include, for example, at least one of a linear polarization, a circular polarization, and an elliptical polarization.

The polarization selector320may be placed at various positions depending on the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the polarization selector320may be placed between the wavelength selector310and the self-interference generator340. The polarization selector320may polarize and output the lights L3and L3′ that are output from the wavelength selector310.

The polarization selector320may include, for example, but is not limited to, a polarizer or a polarizing prism.

The relay lens330may transfer the polarized lights L4and L4′, which are output from the polarization selector320, to the self-interference generator340. The relay lens330may include a first lens331and a second lens332. The relay lens330may be placed at various positions depending on the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments. Further, the relay lens330may be omitted depending on the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments.

The self-interference generator340may generate a self-interference image from the pupil image, using the polarized lights L4and L4′. The self-interference generator340may include a beam displacer342and an analyzer344. The beam displacer342may separate the polarized lights L4and L4′ into a plurality of beams L5and L5′, and the analyzer344may polarize the plurality of beams L5and L5′. The polarized lights L6and L6′ may be provided to the image analysis unit360.

The beam displacer342may separate the polarized lights L4and L4′ into a plurality of beams L5and L5′. The beam displacer342may separate, for example, the polarized lights L4and L4′ into two beams. The beam displacer342may include or be formed of a material having birefringence (e.g., calcite).

The beam displacer342may include or may be a polarizing prism. For example, the beam displacer342may include a Nomarski prism, a Wollaston prism, a Rochon prism, and the like. Alternatively, the beam displacer342may include or may be, for example, a wave plate.

The analyzer344may be placed between the beam displacer342and the detector350. The analyzer344may polarize the plurality of beams L5and L5′ separated by the beam displacer342. The polarized lights L6and L6′ are provided to the image analysis unit360. The analyzer344may cause a plurality of beams separated by the beam displacer342to interfere with each other. The plurality of divided beams may interfere with each other to generate a self-interference image for the pupil image.

The analyzer344may be, for example, but is not limited to, a polarizer or a polarizing prism.

Specifically, referring toFIG.3, the polarization selector320may polarize the light L3in the first direction DR1to output the polarized light L4. The beam displacer342may separate the polarized light L4into a first beam Lp and a second beam Ls. The first beam Lp and the second beam Ls may oscillate in different directions from each other. The first beam Lp may oscillate in a direction rotated by a first angle on the basis of an arbitrary axis, and the second beam Ls may oscillate in a direction rotated at a second angle different from the first angle on the basis of the arbitrary axis.

For example, in one embodiment, the first beam Lp is a polarization component (that is, the p-polarization component) that oscillates in a direction (for example, a p-polarization direction X) that is parallel to the incident surface of the light L3, and the second beam Ls is a polarization component (that is, an s-polarization component) that oscillates in a direction (for example, an s-polarization direction Y) also parallel to the incident surface of the light L3, but perpendicular to the p-polarization direction X. That is, the beam displacer342may separate the first beam Lp and the second beam Ls that oscillate in the directions perpendicular to each other.

The analyzer344may polarize the first beam Lp and the second beam Ls, which are output from the beam displacer342, in the second direction DR2and output them. The first beam Lp and the second beam Ls output from the analyzer344may have the same polarization direction as each other. Accordingly, the polarized first beam Lp and the polarized second beam Ls may interfere with each other to generate a self-interference image.

In some embodiments, the second direction DR2may be the same as the first direction DR1. An angle between a fast axis of the beam displacer342and the first direction DR1may be the same as an angle between the fast axis of the beam displacer342and the second direction DR2. The angle may be, for example, 45 degrees.

In some embodiments, the second direction DR2may differ from the first direction DR1. For example, the angle between the second direction DR2and the first direction DR1may be, but is not limited to, 90 degrees. It should be noted that both the polarization selector320and the analyzer344may be polarizers. Therefore, they may be described as a first polarizer and a second polarizer. Also, though the above description describes the pupil image as being formed as a result of reflection of light from the measurement target, a pupil image can also be formed by transmission of the light generated at the measurement target, or by refraction of the light from the measurement target.

Referring toFIG.1again, the detector350may generate a two-dimensional (2D) image on the self-interference image generated by the self-interference generator340. The detector350may be, for example, but is not limited to, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera.

For example, when beams divided from the self-interference generator340are two (for example, the first beam Lp which is a p-polarization component and the second beam Ls which is an s-polarization component), the self-interference image may include a linear pattern as inFIG.4. This is merely an example, and it goes without saying that the acquired self-interference image may be various depending on the configuration of the self-interference generator340.

The image analysis unit360may analyze the self-interference image acquired from the detector350. For example, a self-interference image in the form of a 2D image generated from the detector350may be analyzed by the image analysis unit360.

The image analysis unit360may extract phase data from the self-interference image. The image analysis unit360may analyze a self-interference image on the pupil image, for example, using Cosine Fitting Functions, a Fourier Transform, a Bucket Algorithm, a Hilbert transform, a Larkin phase extraction method, or the like.

In some embodiments, the image analysis unit360may analyze self-interference images, using a domain transform analysis. This will be described in more detail with reference toFIGS.10to14.

The image analysis unit360may be, for example, but is not limited to, a PC (Personal Computer), a workstation, a supercomputer, or the like provided with an analysis process. In some embodiments, the image analysis unit360is formed integrally with the detector350and may form a part of a detector or a detection device.

According to some embodiments, the image analysis unit360may generate phase data of the pupil image of the measurement target110. The image analysis unit360may control auto-focusing, by driving the stage drive unit120based on, for example, a change in phase data. Alternatively, the image analysis unit360may control auto-focusing, by moving the position of the optical system200, specifically, the objective lens240, for example, based on the change in the phase data.

Specifically, referring toFIGS.1and4, when the light L4is incident on the beam displacer342, the optical paths of the first beam L4pand the second beam L4svary inside the beam displacer342, and an optical path difference (OPD) may occur. As a result, a phase difference Δ may occur.

Referring toFIGS.1and5, when the light L4′ is incident on the beam displacer342, the optical paths of the first beam Lp′ and the second beam Ls' vary inside the beam displacer342, and the optical path difference may occur. Accordingly, a phase difference Δ′ may occur.

For example, when the distance between the measurement target110and the objective lens240varies from the best focus position, an incident angle θin of the light L4′ incident on the beam displacer342varies, and the phase difference changes.

Referring toFIGS.1,4,5and6, as difference D in distance between the objective lens240and the measurement target110increases from the best focus position, the change in phase difference (Δ−Δ′) may increase. For example, as the difference D in distance between the objective lens240and the measurement target110increases from the best focus position, the difference D in distance may be proportional to the change in the phase difference (Δ−Δ′).

A, B, C, D, and E represent different measurement targets110from each other. A, B, C, D, and E represent, for example, a measurement target110including different patterns from each other. Regardless of the patterns A, B, C, D, and E included in the measurement target110, as the difference D in distance between the objective lens240and the measurement target110increases from the best focus position, the change in phase difference (Δ−Δ′) may increase. Therefore, the image analysis unit360may perform auto-focusing on the basis of the change in phase difference (Δ−Δ′).

The optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments may improve or enhance measurement sensitivity and measurement consistency, using self-interference images generated from the pupil image. Specifically, the pupil image of the measurement target110provided from the optical system200may simultaneously include polarization information about various incident angles θ and azimuths ϕ. This may provide improved or enhanced measurement sensitivity and measurement consistency, compared to optical measurement apparatus that provides only information about one angle at a time, for example, one incident angle at a time or one azimuth at a time.

The pupil image is not affected by the width of the pattern formed on the measurement target110, the depth of the pattern, the shape of the pattern, and the like. Therefore, the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments may perform auto-focusing irrespective of the measurement target110. Therefore, it is possible to provide an optical measurement apparatus having improved or enhanced sensitivity of auto-focusing.

The optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments performs the auto-focusing in accordance with changes in phase data. Therefore, since the auto-focusing is performed irrespective of a DoF (Depth of Focus) of the objective lens, it is possible to provide an optical measurement apparatus having improved or enhanced sensitivity of auto-focusing.

The optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments performs the auto-focusing using the pupil image, and the pupil image may be provided from the existing optical system. For example, the pupil image may be provided from the existing optical system200through the second beam splitter250to perform the auto-focusing. Therefore, the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments can be configured with a TTL (Through the lens) structure without changing the structure of the existing optical system.

FIG.7is a diagram for explaining the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments. For convenience of explanation, repeated parts of contents described usingFIGS.1to6will be briefly described or omitted.

Referring toFIG.7, in the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments, the wavelength selector310may be placed between the self-interference generator340and the detector350.

The reflected light L2reflected from the measurement target110may be provided to the polarization selector320. The polarization selector320may polarize the reflected lights L2at a specific angle or in a specific direction to output a polarized light L31. The self-interference generator340may separate the polarized light L31into a plurality of beams L41, and may polarize them. The wavelength selector310may output a polarized light L61for monochromatic light among the polarized light L51. Therefore, the detector350may receive the self-interference image for monochromatic light.

FIG.8is a diagram for explaining the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments. For convenience of explanation, repeated parts of contents described usingFIGS.1to6will be briefly described or omitted.

Referring toFIG.8, in the optical measurement apparatus according to some embodiments, the wavelength selector310may be placed between the polarization selector320and the self-interference generator340.

The reflected light L2reflected from the measurement target110may be provided to the polarization selector320. The polarization selector320may polarize the reflected lights L2at a specific angle or in a specific direction to output a polarized light L32. The wavelength selector310may output a polarized light L42for the monochromatic light in the polarized light L32.

The self-interference generator340may separate the polarized light L42into a plurality of beams L52, and may polarize the beams L52to output a polarized light L62. Therefore, the detector350may receive the self-interference image for monochromatic light.

FIG.9is an exemplary flowchart for explaining the optical measuring method according to some embodiments. For convenience of explanation, repeated parts of contents described usingFIGS.1to8will be briefly described or omitted.

Referring toFIG.9, a pupil image may be generated (S10).

For example, an objective lens (for example,240ofFIGS.1to8) that condenses a light source (for example,210ofFIGS.1to8) and makes it incident on a measurement target (for example,110ofFIGS.1to8) may be provided. The pupil image may be formed on the pupil plane for such an objective lens. The pupil image may be generated by, for example, the optical system200described above usingFIGS.1to8.

Subsequently, a self-interference image may be generated, using the pupil image (S20).

For example, a polarization selector (for example,320ofFIGS.1to8) that polarizes the light source may be provided. The polarized light may be divided into the plurality of beams and the beams are caused to interfere with each other to generate a self-interference image for the pupil image. For example, the plurality of beams may include beams that oscillate in the directions perpendicular to each other. The self-interference image may be generated by, for example, the self-interference generator340described above usingFIGS.1to8.

Subsequently, the self-interference image may be analyzed (S30).

For example, the generated self-interference image may be analyzed to provide a phase difference for the pupil image (Δ′ ofFIGS.1to8). The analysis of the self-interference image may be performed by the image analysis unit360described above using, for example,FIGS.1to8.

Subsequently, an offset, which is a difference from the best focus position, may be calculated (S40). For example, the phase difference for the best focus position may be determined in advance, and then a variation (e.g., difference) between the phase difference for the best focus position and the phase difference resulting from the analysis may be determined.

For example, the offset (D ofFIGS.1to8) may be calculated from a difference in phase difference (Δ−Δ′ ofFIGS.1to8). The offset may be calculated, for example, by the image analysis unit360described above usingFIGS.1to8.

Subsequently, the optical measurement apparatus may be moved on the basis of the offset (S50).

For example, using a controller connected to a drive unit of at least one of the stage (100ofFIGS.1to8) and the objective lens240, at least one of the stage (100ofFIGS.1to8) and the objective lens240may be moved on the basis of the offset under the control of the image analysis unit360. As a result, the distance between the measurement target (110ofFIGS.1to8) and the objective lens may be the best focus position. Accordingly, the auto-focusing may be performed by S40and S50.

FIG.10is an exemplary flowchart for explaining a step of analyzing the self-interference image in the optical measuring method according to some embodiments.FIGS.11to14are diagrams for explaining a step of analyzing a self-interference image in the optical measuring method according to some embodiments. For convenience of explanation, repeated parts of contents described usingFIGS.1to9will be briefly described or omitted.

Referring toFIG.10, the analysis (e.g., S30ofFIG.9) of self-interference images in optical measuring methods according to some embodiments may include usage of the domain transform analysis.

First, the self-interference image may be transformed to generate a transformed image (S31). For example, a 2D Fourier transform on the self-interference image may be performed. Accordingly, a transformed image in which the self-interference image to the pupil image is transformed may be formed.

For example, as shown inFIG.11, the detector (350ofFIGS.1to8) may generate a 2D image of the self-interference image generated by the self-interference generator (330ofFIGS.1to8). For example, when there are two beams divided from the self-interference generator340(for example, the first beam Lp which is a p-polarization component and the second beam Ls which is an s-polarization component), the 2D image generated by the detector350for the self-interference image may include a pattern in the form of lines as inFIG.11. This is merely an example, and it goes without saying that the acquired self-interference image may be various depending on the configuration of the self-interference generator340.

The transformed image may be generated as shown inFIG.12, by the 2D Fourier transform of the self-interference image to the pupil image ofFIG.11.

Next, the generated transformed image is separated for each interference to generate a plurality of separated signals (S32). Separation of the transformed image for each interference may be performed, for example, by peak detection, filtering, centering, or the like. This makes it possible to generate a plurality of separated signals in which the transformed images are separated for each interference.

For example, referring toFIG.12, the transformed image may be separated into a +AC signal, a −AC signal, and a DC signal.

Subsequently, among the plurality of separated signals, the signal including the phase data may be inversely transformed to generate the phase data (S33). For example, a 2D Fourier inverse transform may be performed on the signal including the phase data. Accordingly, the phase data may be generated from the signal.

For example, referring toFIG.12, the plurality of separated signals may include a +AC signal and a −AC signal including the phase data, and a DC signal including no phase data. Only one signal including the phase data may be left through filtering. That is, either the +AC signal or the −AC signal may be filtered.

Next, referring toFIG.13, the filtered signal may be centered. The filtered signal may be either a +AC signal or a −AC signal.

Next, referring toFIG.14, the filtered signal may be subjected to an inverse transformation. Accordingly, a pupil image corresponding to the signal may be generated. The pupil image corresponding to the signal may include phase data of various incident angles and azimuths. The phase data may include the phase difference Δ′ ofFIGS.1to8.

At this time, since the pupil image includes phase data of various incident angles and azimuths, it is possible to select a point having any one of the incident angles and azimuths. The offset may be calculated, by comparing the phase difference Δ′ at that point with the phase difference Δ at that point among the pupil images generated according to S31to S33in the case of the best focus position (S40ofFIG.9).

In some embodiments, selection of a point having any one incident angle or azimuth may include selection of a point having a large phase difference Δ′ in the pupil image ofFIG.14. For example, the pupil image ofFIG.14indicates that a difference in phase difference (Δ−Δ′) is large in a positive direction toward a red series (that is, the phase difference Δ is larger than the phase difference Δ′ and the difference is large), and the difference in phase difference (Δ−Δ′) is large in a negative direction toward a blue series (that is, the phase difference Δ′ is larger than the phase difference Δ and the difference is large).

In some embodiments, selection of a point having any one incident angle or azimuth may include selection of either a first point C1or a second point C2opposite to each other on the basis of the center of the pupil image ofFIG.14. That is, a point on an outline of the pupil image may be selected.

FIG.15is an exemplary flowchart for explaining the method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to some embodiments. For convenience of explanation, repeated parts of contents described usingFIGS.1to14will be briefly described or omitted.

Referring toFIG.15, a pupil image is generated (S10), a self-interference image is generated using the pupil image (S20), the self-interference image is analyzed (S30), and an offset which is a difference from the best focus position is calculated (S40), and the optical measurement apparatus may be moved on the basis of the offset (S50). Accordingly, the auto-focusing may be performed. Since the steps of S10to S50are substantially the same as those described above usingFIGS.9to14, the detailed description will not be provided below.

Subsequently, the semiconductor process on the measurement target may be performed (S60). For example, when the measurement target is a wafer, a semiconductor process on the wafer may be performed. The semiconductor process on the wafer may include, but is not limited to, for example, a deposition process, an etching process, an ion process, a cleaning processes, or the like. For example, based on the new positioning of the optical measurement apparatus for proper auto-focusing, certain processes can be carried out. The measurement of finding a proper focus distance between the measurement target110(e.g., wafer) and the objective lens240may be used, for example, to more accurately align manufacturing equipment with the wafer, for verifying that a prior manufacturing process was carried out correctly, for photolithography purposes, or for other processes. For example, the measurement may be used to form a properly focused image of the wafer, and to use the image for the above processes. As the semiconductor process on the wafer is performed, the integrated circuits and wirings required for the semiconductor device may be formed. The semiconductor process on the wafer may include a test process on a semiconductor device of a wafer level.

When the semiconductor chips are completed in the wafer through the semiconductor process on the wafer, the wafer may be individualized into a plurality of individual semiconductor chips. Individualization to each semiconductor chip may be achieved through a sawing process by a blade or a laser. After that, a packaging process on each semiconductor chip may be performed. The packaging process may mean a process of mounting each semiconductor chip on a circuit board (for example, a printed circuit board (PCB)) and sealing it with a sealing material. Further the packaging process may include a process of stacking a plurality of chips on the circuit board into multi-layers to form a stack package, or stacking the stack package on another stack package to form a package-on-package (POP) structure. The semiconductor package may be formed through the packaging process on each semiconductor chip. The semiconductor process on the wafer may include a test process on the semiconductor device of the package level. The term “semiconductor device” may refer to a single semiconductor chip or stack of semiconductor chips, a semiconductor package, or a package-on-package device.

In concluding the detailed description, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations and modifications may be made to the preferred embodiments without substantially departing from the principles of the present disclosure. Therefore, the disclosed preferred embodiments of the disclosure are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.