Patent ID: 12256258

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments set forth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure.

Radio Node: As used herein, a “radio node” is either a radio access node or a wireless communication device.

Radio Access Node: As used herein, a “radio access node” or “radio network node” or “radio access network node” is any node in a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a cellular communications network that operates to wirelessly transmit and/or receive signals. Some examples of a radio access node include, but are not limited to, a base station (e.g., a New Radio (NR) base station (gNB) in a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Fifth Generation (5G) NR network or an enhanced or evolved Node B (eNB) in a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) network), a high-power or macro base station, a low-power base station (e.g., a micro base station, a pico base station, a home eNB, or the like), a relay node, a network node that implements part of the functionality of a base station (e.g., a network node that implements a gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) or a network node that implements a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU)) or a network node that implements part of the functionality of some other type of radio access node.

Core Network Node: As used herein, a “core network node” is any type of node in a core network or any node that implements a core network function. Some examples of a core network node include, e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW), a Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF), a Home Subscriber Server (HSS), or the like. Some other examples of a core network node include a node implementing a Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), a User Plane Function (UPF), a Session Management Function (SMF), an Authentication Server Function (AUSF), a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), a Network Exposure Function (NEF), a Network Function (NF) Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), or the like.

Communication Device: As used herein, a “communication device” is any type of device that has access to an access network. Some examples of a communication device include, but are not limited to: mobile phone, smart phone, sensor device, meter, vehicle, household appliance, medical appliance, media player, camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, a television, radio, lighting arrangement, tablet computer, laptop, or Personal Computer (PC). The communication device may be a portable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and/or data via a wireless or wireline connection.

Wireless Communication Device: One type of communication device is a wireless communication device, which may be any type of wireless device that has access to (i.e., is served by) a wireless network (e.g., a cellular network). Some examples of a wireless communication device include, but are not limited to: a User Equipment device (UE) in a 3GPP network, a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device, and an Internet of Things (IoT) device. Such wireless communication devices may be, or may be integrated into, a mobile phone, smart phone, sensor device, meter, vehicle, household appliance, medical appliance, media player, camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, a television, radio, lighting arrangement, tablet computer, laptop, or PC. The wireless communication device may be a portable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and/or data via a wireless connection.

Network Node: As used herein, a “network node” is any node that is either part of the RAN or the core network of a cellular communications network/system.

Note that the description given herein focuses on a 3GPP cellular communications system and, as such, 3GPP terminology or terminology similar to 3GPP terminology is oftentimes used. However, the concepts disclosed herein are not limited to a 3GPP system.

Note that, in the description herein, reference may be made to the term “cell”; however, particularly with respect to 5G NR concepts, beams may be used instead of cells and, as such, it is important to note that the concepts described herein are equally applicable to both cells and beams.

There currently exist certain challenge(s). Today, Quality of Measurement (QoE) measurement files are limited to be at most 8000 kB in size. This imposes a limit on how many measurements a UE can send to a network and thus limiting the amount of information the network can receive from the UE.

One means to overcome this limitation is to apply Radio Resource Control (RRC) segmentation on QoE measurements that the UE sends to the network. However, the QoE measurements are configured by a layer above the access stratum in the UE, while RRC segmentation is performed in the access stratum. As a result, segmentation cannot be applied efficiently due to separation between the access stratum and the layer above the access stratum. Further, the access network should control whether RRC segmentation can be performed by the UE and the access network in general is separated from a network entity configuring QoE measurements for UEs.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to the aforementioned or other challenges. Embodiments are provided to allow an access network node to control if and when a UE can apply RRC segmentation for QoE measurements. Exemplary embodiments include:a RAN-node indicates to the UE whether RRC segmentation of QoE measurements is allowedmethods in the UE for determining how large a QoE measurement file the UE can send to the network based on which RAT-type is usedmethods for how a UE can modify the QoE measurement buffers based on how large measurement file can be sent, e.g., considering number of segments, etc.how the UE can address contradictions where a node configuring the QoE measurements indicates one thing regarding RRC segmentation support to a UE, while another node (e.g., the node to which the QoE measurements are to be sent to) does not support RRC segmentationhow the UE sends QoE measurements to the network considering the possibility that RRC segmentation is/is not applied

There are, proposed herein, various embodiments which address one or more of the issues disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless device for communicating a QoE measurement(s) based on RRC segmentation is provided. The method includes receiving an indication (e.g., in OtherConfig IE of RRCReconfiguration) from a network node indicating whether the network node supports RRC segmentation. The method also includes transmitting a QoE measurement(s) to the network node based on RRC segmentation in response to receiving the indication from the network node indicating that the network node supports RRC segmentation.

In another embodiment, a method performed by a base station for communicating a QoE measurement(s) based on RRC segmentation is provided. The method includes providing an indication (e.g., in OtherConfig IE of RRCReconfiguration) to a wireless device indicating whether the base station supports RRC segmentation. The method also includes receiving a QoE measurement(s) from the wireless device based on RRC segmentation in response to providing the indication to the wireless device indicating that the base station supports RRC segmentation.

Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantage(s). When RRC segmentation is used together with QoE measurements, much larger QoE measurement report files can be transmitted. It is useful for the analysis of the files that whole sessions are recorded. When the upper limit of the size is more flexible, it can be more commonly achieved that the files contain whole sessions, which will give more valuable files.

FIG.2illustrates one example of a cellular communications system200in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In the embodiments described herein, the cellular communications system200is a 5G System (5GS) including a New Radio (NR) Radio Access Network (RAN). In this example, the RAN includes base stations202-1and202-2, which in 5G NR are referred to as gNBs (e.g., LTE RAN nodes connected to 5G Core (5GC), which are referred to as gn-eNBs), controlling corresponding (macro) cells204-1and204-2. The base stations202-1and202-2are generally referred to herein collectively as base stations202and individually as base station202. Likewise, the (macro) cells204-1and204-2are generally referred to herein collectively as (macro) cells204and individually as (macro) cell204. The RAN may also include a number of low power nodes206-1through206-4controlling corresponding small cells208-1through208-4. The low power nodes206-1through206-4can be small base stations (such as pico or femto base stations) or Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), or the like. Notably, while not illustrated, one or more of the small cells208-1through208-4may alternatively be provided by the base stations202. The low power nodes206-1through206-4are generally referred to herein collectively as low power nodes206and individually as low power node206. Likewise, the small cells208-1through208-4are generally referred to herein collectively as small cells208and individually as small cell208. The cellular communications system200also includes a core network210, which in the 5GS is referred to as the 5G Core (5GC). The base stations202(and optionally the low power nodes206) are connected to the core network210.

The base stations202and the low power nodes206provide service to wireless communication devices212-1through212-5in the corresponding cells204and208. The wireless communication devices212-1through212-5are generally referred to herein collectively as wireless communication devices212and individually as wireless communication device212. In the following description, the wireless communication devices212are oftentimes UEs, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Before discussing specific embodiments of the present disclosure, an overview of methods that are performed by a wireless device and a base station for communicating a QoE measurement is first presented with reference toFIGS.3and4, respectively.

FIG.3is a flowchart of an exemplary method performed by a wireless device for communicating a QoE measurement. The wireless device is configured to receive, from at least one network node, an indication that indicates whether the at least one network node can support RRC segmentation (step300). In a non-limiting example, RRC segmentation can be inherently included, but dynamically enabled or disabled, in the network node. In this regard, the network node is said to support RRC segmentation when RRC segmentation has been enabled in the network node.

In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive the indication explicitly (step300-1) and, accordingly, forward the indication received outside a QoE configuration container from an access stratum layer to an application layer (step300-1a). In another embodiment, the wireless device may receive the indication implicitly (step300-2). Notably, the wireless device may also receive the indication from a first network node that indicates the first network node can support RRC segmentation (step300-3).

Accordingly, the wireless device can transmit, to the at least one network node, a QoE measurement based on RRC segmentation in response to receiving (300) the indication that indicates the at least one network node can support RRC segmentation (step302). The wireless device may determine a permitted size of the QoE measurement (step302-1) and, if necessary, truncate the QoE measurement to the permitted size (step302-2). The wireless device may employ a QoE buffer of a first size if the indication indicates that the at least one network node can support RRC segmentation (302-3a), employ the QoE measurement buffer of a second size smaller than the first size if the indication indicates that the at least one network node does not support RRC segmentation (step302-3b), or indicate an adjustment to a size of the QoE measurement buffer from an access stratum layer to an application layer (step302-3c). In response to a contradiction related to transmitting the QoE measurement based on RRC segmentation, the wireless device may discard the QoE measurement (step302-4a), transmit a subset of the QoE measurement (step302-4b), or store the QoE measurement (step302-4c). The wireless device may also transmit the QoE measurement to a second network node based on RRC segmentation (step302-5) in response to receiving the indication from the first network node that indicates the first network node can support RRC segmentation (step300-3).

FIG.4is a flowchart of an exemplary method performed by a base station for communicating a QoE measurement. The base station is configured to transmit, to a wireless device, an indication that indicates whether the base station can support RRC segmentation (step400). The base station may transmit an explicit indication (step400-1) or an implicit indication (step400-2). The base station may provide an explicit indication to indicate a permitted size of the QoE measurement and/or a number of permitted RRC segments (step400-3). Accordingly, the base station can receive, from the wireless device, the QoE measurement based on RRC segmentation (step402).

Notably, it may be necessary for a network node (e.g., a base station) and a wireless device (e.g., a UE) to exchange certain signaling to configure and/or carry out QoE measurement reporting based on RRC segmentation. In this regard,FIGS.5,6, and7are flowcharts illustrating exemplary methods to be employed by a wireless device and a network node for communicating QoE measurements based on RRC segmentation.

In this regard,FIGS.5and6are flowcharts of an exemplary method performed by a wireless device for communicating a QoE measurement(s) based on RRC segmentation. The wireless device receives an indication (e.g., in OtherConfig IE of RRCReconfiguration) from at least one network node located in an area (e.g., a tracking area, a RAN area, a list of cells, etc.) that indicates whether the network node supports RRC segmentation (step500). The wireless device may optionally forward the indication from an access stratum layer (e.g., RRC layer) to an application layer if the indication is received outside a QoE configuration container (e.g., rrc-MessageSegmentContainer) via an AT command(s) (step500A). In a non-limiting example, the at least one network node can include a first network node and a second network node located in the area. In this regard, the wireless device may receive the indication from the first network node (step500B).

In response to receiving the indication from the network node that indicates that the network node supports RRC segmentation, the wireless device can transmit a QoE measurement(s) to the network node based on RRC segmentation (step600). Prior to transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s), the wireless device may perform one or more of the following steps:Determine a permitted size of the QoE measurement(s) (step600A),Truncate the QoE measurement(s) to the permitted size of the QoE measurement(s) (step600B),Employ a QoE measurement buffer of a first size if the network node supports RRC segmentation or a second size smaller than the first size if the network node does not support RRC segmentation (step600C),Indicate an adjustment to the QoE measurement buffer from the access stratum layer (e.g., RRC layer) to the application layer (step600D),Resolve a contradiction in terms of RRC segmentation (600E)

In case the wireless device has received the indication from the first network node in step500B, the wireless device may transmit the QoE measurement(s) to the second network node using RRC segmentation (step600F).

FIG.7is a flowchart of an exemplary method performed by a base station for communicating a QoE measurement(s) based on RRC segmentation. The base station transmits an indication (e.g., in OtherConfig IE of RRCReconfiguration) to a wireless device that indicates whether the base station supports RRC segmentation (step700). The base station may provide an explicit indication of a permitted size of the QoE measurement(s) and/or a number of permitted RRC segments to the wireless device (step700A). In response to transmitting the indication to the wireless device that indicates that the base station supports RRC segmentation, the base station can receive a QoE measurement(s) from the wireless device based on RRC segmentation (step702).

Specific embodiments related to receiving (500) the indication from the network node, transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s) to the network node, as illustrated inFIG.5, transmitting (700) the indication to the wireless device, and receiving (702) the QoE measurement(s) from the wireless, as illustrated inFIG.7, are discussed in detail below.

When it says that a network node does not support RRC segmentation, it may mean that the network has not enabled, or for other reason does not allow RRC segmentation by the UE.

Determining Whether RRC Segmentation is Supported

In one embodiment, the UE determines if the network allows the UE to send segmented QoE measurement messages to the network, for example, RRC segmentation in the UL RRC message.

The UE may determine whether the network supports RRC segmentation by receiving (e.g., steps300,400) an indication from a radio network node whether transmissions of (at least some) RRC messages from the UE to the network can be segmented or not. The indication may be explicitly (steps300-1,400-1) to indicate whether QoE measurements can be segmented. Another approach is that the indication can be a general (e.g., implicit) indication (e.g., steps300-2,400-2) indicating whether the network supports RRC segmentation. Accordingly, the UE can assume that if the network supports RRC segmentation and allows the UE to send QoE measurements, the network also supports receiving segmented QoE measurements.

The indication (explicit or implicit) may be provided by RAN outside the QoE configuration container and in the message used by the network to send the QoE measurement configuration to the UE (e.g., in an RRC message such as RRCReconfiguration). The indication could also be included inside the QoE configuration container received from the core network or from OAM.

If the indication is provided to the UE outside the QoE configuration container, the indication may be forwarded from the access stratum layer in the UE to the application layer, by means of AT commands (e.g., step300-1a). The application layer then knows that large files can be sent to the access stratum layer for transmission in RRC message.

The indication may, if set to a first value, indicate that segmentation is supported and set to another value if segmentation is not supported. It may also be possible to use absence/presence logic where, if an indication is present the UE determines that segmentation is supported, while if not present the UE determines that segmentation is not supported. The absence/presence approach makes it possible for the network node, which does not support segmentation, to indicate to the UE that segmentation is not possible without providing an explicit indication. As such, a network node that does not support segmentation does not need to be upgraded to send an indication indicating that segmentation is not supported. This can therefore improve future compatibility.

The indication from the network may be valid in an area such that, if a network node A provided the indication to the UE, the UE considers the indication to apply to any network node B that also is within the area of network node A (e.g.,300-3,302-3). The area may be a tracking area, a RAN area, a list of cells, etc. The UE may assume a default behavior for a network node outside the area, where the default behavior may be that segmentation is not allowed.

The area in which RRC segmentation is supported can be sent in a dedicated RRC message to the UE, e.g., RRCReconfiguration, or it may be transmitted in system information. Another option is that the indication is included at handover, so that when the UE performs a handover from one cell to another, the UE receives an indication whether the new cell supports RRC segmentation or not.

The embodiment discussed herein is for the case of using RRC segmentation for transmission of QoE measurement report file to the network node in Uplink (UL), but RRC segmentation may also be used for reception of the QoE measurement configuration file from the network node in Downlink (DL).

UE Capabilities for QoE and RRC Segmentation

One approach is that, if the UE both indicates that the UE supports RRC segmentation and QoE measurements, the network may conclude that the UE supports RRC segmentation for QoE measurements. The network may in such case configure the UE to send the QoE measurement report files using RRC segmentation and/or it may send the QoE configuration file using RRC segmentation. Another option is that there is a separate UE capability for indicating support of QoE measurements and for RRC segmentation. There could be different alternatives like support for QoE+RRC segmentation, support for QoE+UL RRC segmentation, support for QoE+DL RRC segmentation etc.

Considering the RAT-Type

The UE may determine the size of the QoE measurements that the UE can send to the network (e.g., step302-1). When doing so, the UE may consider which RAT-type is used when determining how large the measurements can be.

If a first RAT is used, the UE determine that the size limit for a particular transmission has a first size limitation. If a second RAT is used, the UE determines that the size limitation has a second size limitation.

It may happen that the UE first gets provided with the configuration for performing measurements when using a first RAT but should send the measurements when using a second RAT. In one version of the embodiment, when determining which “RAT is used” the UE may consider the RAT used when the UE needs to send the measurements.

When it here says that a RAT is “used,” it can mean for example that a certain version of a protocol entity is used, for example if the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity is of a version associated with that RAT. In one particular example, it may be so that the UE is connected to the network using LTE, but NR PDCP is used for that connection, and in this case the UE may consider NR to be used since NR PDCP is used even if the LTE versions of the specifications are used for other parts of the connection (e.g., other parts than the PDCP entity).

QoE Measurement Buffer Size Adjustment

In one embodiment, the UE may adjust a QoE measurement buffer used by the UE for maintaining the QoE measurements. If the UE determines that segmentation is supported, the UE may apply a large buffer (e.g., step302-3a). In contrast, if the UE determines that segmentation is not supported, the UE may apply a smaller buffer size (e.g., step302-3b).

The RRC entity in the UE may be the entity that determines the size of the QoE measurement buffer (e.g.,302-1). The result of this determining-step may be indicated to the QoE measurement collection entity in the UE which based on this takes some action, e.g., adjusts the buffer used for measurements.

If the UE has first determined that the buffer size should be of a first size, but later determines, based on methods described herein, that the buffer size should be of a second size, which is larger than the first size, i.e., the buffer size should become larger, the UE may extend the buffer and hence will fit more measurements in the buffer.

In contrast, if the UE determines that the buffer should become smaller, the UE may shrink the buffer. In this case, the UE may discard (truncate) part of the measurements such that they fit in the buffer (e.g.,302-2). The UE may discard oldest measurements first (e.g.,302-4a).

By adjusting the buffer for the measurements as described herein, it is ensured that the UE does not send measurements which are larger than what is allowed by the network node.

Another approach (which may or may not be combined with the buffer size adjustments described in this section), as described in other parts of this document, is that the UE assumes a large buffer size until it is time to transmit the QoE measurements to the network and then the UE only transmits part of the QoE measurements (e.g., truncating and discarding the rest of the QoE measurements) (e.g., step302.4b) such that the transmitted part can fit in the transmission.

Network can Directly Indicate the Size the UE Shall Apply

Above it has been described how the network indicates whether RRC segmentation is supported or not and that the UE uses this information to determine the size of the QoE measurements. However, in one embodiment, the network may explicitly indicate a size of the QoE measurements that the UE should use for sending the QoE measurements (e.g., step400-3). The size of the QoE measurements can be indicated in terms of bytes/bits etc.

The Network Indicates the Number of Segments the UE can Assume can be Sent

In one embodiment the network indicates a number of permitted RRC segments the UE can send (e.g., step400-3). The UE may consider the number of permitted RRC segments when determining the size of the QoE measurements. The number of permitted RRC segments may be indicated as an integer-value.

Contradiction

A UE may have previously determined that it may be possible to send the report using a segmented message. However, when the UE should send the report, the UE may determine that the network node currently serving the UE does not support RRC segmentation. In this case a contradiction is said to have occurred. As a result, the UE may be forced to send the QoE measurement(s) in a single RRC segment.

However, the UE may have already stored the QoE measurements of a size larger than what can be sent in a single RRC segment. In this regard, in one embodiment, the UE may take one or more of the following actions:UE discards the QoE measurements (e.g., step302-4a)UE sends a limited set of the QoE measurements (e.g., step302-4b). Sending a limited set of the measurements may comprise:only send a set of measurements which was latest acquiredonly send a set of measurements of a certain type, or typesUE stores the QoE measurements and possibly sends the QoE measurements later (e.g., step302-4c), if RRC segmentation is allowed in a different node which the UE may handover to later.

Sending the Measurements

In one embodiment, the UE adjusts the buffer used by the UE for maintaining the QoE measurements. If the UE determines that segmentation is supported, the UE may apply a large buffer (e.g., step302-3a). In contrast, if the UE determines that segmentation is not supported, the UE may apply a smaller buffer size (e.g., step302-3b).

The RRC entity in the UE may be the entity that determines the size to be applied for the QoE measurements. The result of this determining may be indicated to the QoE measurement collection entity in the UE (e.g., step302-3c), which takes some action (e.g., adjusts the buffer used for measurements) based on determination.

By adjusting the buffer for the measurements, it is ensured that the UE does not send measurements larger than what is permitted.

The UE may indicate the adjustment of the buffer from the RRC layer to the application layer by means of AT commands. In the AT-command the new size may be indicated.

Example Implementation

The network may indicate to the UE that it may send the QoE measurements segmented in the RRC message RRCReconfiguration (e.g., in the IE OtherConfig). The configuration may look as follows:

OtherConfig

The IE OtherConfig contains configuration related to miscellaneous other configurations.

OtherConfig information element-- ASN1START-- TAG-OTHERCONFIG-STARTOtherConfig ::=SEQUENCE {delayBudgetReportingConfig CHOICE{releaseNULL,setupSEQUENCE{delayBudgetReportingProhibitTimerENUMERATED {s0, s0dot4, s0dot8,s1dot6, s3, s6, s12, s30}}}OPTIONAL-- Need M}OtherConfig-v1540 ::=SEQUENCE {overheatingAssistanceConfigSetupRelease {OverheatingAssistanceConfig}OPTIONAL, -- Need M...}OverheatingAssistanceConfig ::= SEQUENCE {overheatingIndicationProhibitTimerENUMERATED {s0, s0dot5, s1, s2, s5, s10, s20,s30,s60, s90, s120, s300, s600, spare3, spare2, spare1}}OtherConfig-v17xy ::=SEQUENCE {measConfigAppLayer-r17SetupRelease {MeasConfigAppLayer-r17}OPTIONAL, -- Need M...}MeasConfigAppLayer-r15SEQUENCE{measConfigAppLayerContainer-r15OCTET STRING (SIZE(1..1000)),serviceType-r15ENUMERATED {qoe, qoemtsi, spare6,spare5, spare4, spare3, spare2, spare1}},rrcSegmentationAllowedBOOLEAN}OPTIONAL,-- Need ON-- TAG-OTHERCONFIG-STOP-- ASN1STOP
ULDedicatedMessageSegment
The ULDedicatedMessageSegment message is used to transfer segments of the UECapabilityInformation or MeasReportAppLayer message.Signalling radio bearer: SRB1, SRB4RLC-SAP: AMLogical channel: DCCHDirection: UE to Network

ULDedicatedMessageSegment message-- ASN1START-- TAG-ULDEDICATEDMESSAGESEGMENT-STARTULDedicatedMessageSegment-r16 ::=SEQUENCE {criticalExtensionsCHOICE {ulDedicatedMessageSegment-r16ULDedicatedMessageSegment-r16-IEs,criticalExtensionsFutureSEQUENCE { }}}ULDedicatedMessageSegment-r16-IEs ::=SEQUENCE {segmentNumber-r16INTEGER (0..15),rrc-MessageSegmentContainer-r16OCTET STRING,segmentEndIndication-r16ENUMERATED {true}OPTIONAL,lateNonCriticalExtensionOCTET STRINGOPTIONAL,nonCriticalExtensionSEQUENCE { }OPTIONAL}-- TAG-ULDEDICATEDMESSAGESEGMENT-STOP-- ASN1STOP

ULDedicatedMessageSegmentfield descriptionssegmentNumberIdentifies the sequence number of a segment within the encoded UL DCCH message.rrc-MessageSegmentContainerIncludes a segment of the encoded UL DCCH message. The size of the included segmentin this container should be small enough that the resulting encoded RRC message PDU isless than or equal to the PDCP SDU size limit.segmentEndIndicationIndicates whether the included UL DCCH message segment is the last segment or not.
The implementation in 3GPP TS 27.007 may look as follows:
8.78 Application Level Measurement Configuration +CAPPLEVMC

TABLE 8.78-1+CAPPLEVMC parameter command syntaxCommandPossible response(s)+CAPPLEVMC=[<n>]+CME ERROR: <err>+CAPPLEVMC?+CAPPLEVMC: <n>+CAPPLEVMC=?+CAPPLEVMC: (list of supported <n>s)
DescriptionThis command allows control of the application level measurement configuration according to 3GPP TS 25.331 [74] and 3GPP TS 36.331 [86]. The set command controls the presentation of the unsolicited result code +CAPPLEVMC: <app-meas_service_type>,<start-stop_reporting>[,<app-meas_config_file_length>,<app-meas_config-file>] providing data for the configuration. Refer subclause 9.2 for possible <err> values.Read command returns the current value of <n>.Test command returns values supported as a compound value.
Defined Values<n>: integer type. Disable and enable presentation of the unsolicited result code +CAPPLEVMC to the TE.0 Disable presentation of the unsolicited result code1 Enable presentation of the unsolicited result code<app-meas_service_type>: integer type. Contains the indication of what application that is a target for the application level measurement configuration.1 QoE measurement collection for streaming services2 QoE measurement collection for MTSI services<start-stop_reporting>: integer type. Indicates the start and stop of the application level measurement reporting for the application indicated by the <app-meas_service_type>.0 start the application level measurement reporting1 stop the application level measurement reporting<app-meas_config_file_length>: integer type. Indicates the number of octets of the <app-meas_config-file> parameter.<app-meas_config-file>: string of octets. Contains the application level measurement configuration file for the application indicated by the <app-meas_service_type>. The parameter shall not be subject to conventional character conversion as per +CSCS.<app-meas_segmentation>: integer type. Contains an indication of whether segmentation of application level measurement reporting is allowed.0 segmentation of application level measurement reporting is allowed1 segmentation of application level measurement reporting is allowed
Implementation

Optional.

Additional Description

Part of this disclosure can be implemented in the RRC layer. The RRC layer may be implemented in a cloud environment. Hence part of this disclosure can be implemented in a cloud environment.

FIG.8is a schematic block diagram of a radio access node800according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Optional features are represented by dashed boxes. The radio access node800may be, for example, a base station202or206or a network node that implements all or part of the functionality of the base station202or gNB described herein. As illustrated, the radio access node800includes a control system802that includes one or more processors804(e.g., Central Processing Units (CPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and/or the like), memory806, and a network interface808. The one or more processors804are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. In addition, the radio access node800may include one or more radio units810that each includes one or more transmitters812and one or more receivers814coupled to one or more antennas816. The radio units810may be referred to or be part of radio interface circuitry. In some embodiments, the radio unit(s)810is external to the control system802and connected to the control system802via, e.g., a wired connection (e.g., an optical cable). However, in some other embodiments, the radio unit(s)810and potentially the antenna(s)816are integrated together with the control system802. The one or more processors804operate to provide one or more functions of a radio access node800as described herein. In some embodiments, the function(s) are implemented in software that is stored, e.g., in the memory806and executed by the one or more processors804.

FIG.9is a schematic block diagram that illustrates a virtualized embodiment of the radio access node800according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. This discussion is equally applicable to other types of network nodes. Further, other types of network nodes may have similar virtualized architectures. Again, optional features are represented by dashed boxes.

As used herein, a “virtualized” radio access node is an implementation of the radio access node800in which at least a portion of the functionality of the radio access node800is implemented as a virtual component(s) (e.g., via a virtual machine(s) executing on a physical processing node(s) in a network(s)). As illustrated, in this example, the radio access node800may include the control system802and/or the one or more radio units810, as described above. The control system802may be connected to the radio unit(s)810via, for example, an optical cable or the like. The radio access node800includes one or more processing nodes900coupled to or included as part of a network(s)902. If present, the control system802or the radio unit(s) is connected to the processing node(s)900via the network902. Each processing node900includes one or more processors904(e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), memory906, and a network interface908.

In this example, functions910of the radio access node800described herein are implemented at the one or more processing nodes900or distributed across the one or more processing nodes900and the control system802and/or the radio unit(s)810in any desired manner. In some particular embodiments, some or all of the functions910of the radio access node800described herein are implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in a virtual environment(s) hosted by the processing node(s)900. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, additional signaling or communication between the processing node(s)900and the control system802is used in order to carry out at least some of the desired functions910. Notably, in some embodiments, the control system802may not be included, in which case the radio unit(s)810communicates directly with the processing node(s)900via an appropriate network interface(s).

In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the radio access node800or a node (e.g., a processing node900) implementing one or more of the functions910of the radio access node800in a virtual environment according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory).

FIG.10is a schematic block diagram of the radio access node800according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure. The radio access node800includes one or more modules1000, each of which is implemented in software. The module(s)1000provides the functionality of the radio access node800described herein. This discussion is equally applicable to the processing node900ofFIG.9where the modules1000may be implemented at one of the processing nodes900or distributed across multiple processing nodes900and/or distributed across the processing node(s)900and the control system802.

FIG.11is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication device1100according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the wireless communication device1100includes one or more processors1102(e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), memory1104, and one or more transceivers1106each including one or more transmitters1108and one or more receivers1110coupled to one or more antennas1112. The transceiver(s)1106includes radio-front end circuitry connected to the antenna(s)1112that is configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna(s)1112and the processor(s)1102, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. The processors1102are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. The transceivers1106are also referred to herein as radio circuitry. In some embodiments, the functionality of the wireless communication device1100described above may be fully or partially implemented in software that is, e.g., stored in the memory1104and executed by the processor(s)1102. Note that the wireless communication device1100may include additional components not illustrated inFIG.11such as, e.g., one or more user interface components (e.g., an input/output interface including a display, buttons, a touch screen, a microphone, a speaker(s), and/or the like and/or any other components for allowing input of information into the wireless communication device1100and/or allowing output of information from the wireless communication device1100), a power supply (e.g., a battery and associated power circuitry), etc.

In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the wireless communication device1100according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory).

FIG.12is a schematic block diagram of the wireless communication device1100according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless communication device1100includes one or more modules1200, each of which is implemented in software. The module(s)1200provides the functionality of the wireless communication device1100described herein.

With reference toFIG.13, in accordance with an embodiment, a communication system includes a telecommunication network1300, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises an access network1302, such as a RAN, and a core network1304. The access network1302comprises a plurality of base stations1306A,1306B,1306C, such as Node Bs, eNBs, gNBs, or other types of wireless Access Points (APs), each defining a corresponding coverage area1308A,1308B,1308C. Each base station1306A,1306B,1306C is connectable to the core network1304over a wired or wireless connection1310. A first UE1312located in coverage area1308C is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station1306C. A second UE1314in coverage area1308A is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station1306A. While a plurality of UEs1312,1314are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station1306.

The telecommunication network1300is itself connected to a host computer1316, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, or as processing resources in a server farm. The host computer1316may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections1318and1320between the telecommunication network1300and the host computer1316may extend directly from the core network1304to the host computer1316or may go via an optional intermediate network1322. The intermediate network1322may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private, or hosted network; the intermediate network1322, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, the intermediate network1322may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

The communication system ofFIG.13as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs1312,1314and the host computer1316. The connectivity may be described as an Over-the-Top (OTT) connection1324. The host computer1316and the connected UEs1312,1314are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via the OTT connection1324, using the access network1302, the core network1304, any intermediate network1322, and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. The OTT connection1324may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection1324passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, the base station1306may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from the host computer1316to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE1312. Similarly, the base station1306need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE1312towards the host computer1316.

Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE, base station, and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference toFIG.14. In a communication system1400, a host computer1402comprises hardware1404including a communication interface1406configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of the communication system1400. The host computer1402further comprises processing circuitry1408, which may have storage and/or processing capabilities. In particular, the processing circuitry1408may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The host computer1402further comprises software1410, which is stored in or accessible by the host computer1402and executable by the processing circuitry1408. The software1410includes a host application1412. The host application1412may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as a UE1414connecting via an OTT connection1416terminating at the UE1414and the host computer1402. In providing the service to the remote user, the host application1412may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection1416.

The communication system1400further includes a base station1418provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware1420enabling it to communicate with the host computer1402and with the UE1414. The hardware1420may include a communication interface1422for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of the communication system1400, as well as a radio interface1424for setting up and maintaining at least a wireless connection1426with the UE1414located in a coverage area (not shown inFIG.14) served by the base station1418. The communication interface1422may be configured to facilitate a connection1428to the host computer1402. The connection1428may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown inFIG.14) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In the embodiment shown, the hardware1420of the base station1418further includes processing circuitry1430, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The base station1418further has software1432stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

The communication system1400further includes the UE1414already referred to. The UE's1414hardware1434may include a radio interface1436configured to set up and maintain a wireless connection1426with a base station serving a coverage area in which the UE1414is currently located. The hardware1434of the UE1414further includes processing circuitry1438, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The UE1414further comprises software1440, which is stored in or accessible by the UE1414and executable by the processing circuitry1438. The software1440includes a client application1442. The client application1442may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via the UE1414, with the support of the host computer1402. In the host computer1402, the executing host application1412may communicate with the executing client application1442via the OTT connection1416terminating at the UE1414and the host computer1402. In providing the service to the user, the client application1442may receive request data from the host application1412and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection1416may transfer both the request data and the user data. The client application1442may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.

It is noted that the host computer1402, the base station1418, and the UE1414illustrated inFIG.14may be similar or identical to the host computer1316, one of the base stations1306A,1306B,1306C, and one of the UEs1312,1314ofFIG.13, respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entities may be as shown inFIG.14and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that ofFIG.13.

InFIG.14, the OTT connection1416has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host computer1402and the UE1414via the base station1418without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices. The network infrastructure may determine the routing, which may be configured to hide from the UE1414or from the service provider operating the host computer1402, or both. While the OTT connection1416is active, the network infrastructure may further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of the network).

The wireless connection1426between the UE1414and the base station1418is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE1414using the OTT connection1416, in which the wireless connection1426forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve a network's ability to collect larger QoE measurement report files to help analyze QoE of a whole session and thereby provide benefits such as improved QoE as well as quality of service (QoE).

A measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency, and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection1416between the host computer1402and the UE1414, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection1416may be implemented in the software1410and the hardware1404of the host computer1402or in the software1440and the hardware1434of the UE1414, or both. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which the OTT connection1416passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which the software1410,1440may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection1416may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect the base station1418, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to the base station1418. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating the host computer1402's measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency, and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that the software1410and1440causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection1416while it monitors propagation times, errors, etc.

FIG.15is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference toFIGS.13and14. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.15will be included in this section. In step1500, the host computer provides user data. In sub-step1502(which may be optional) of step1500, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step1504, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step1506(which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step1508(which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

FIG.16is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference toFIGS.13and14. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.16will be included in this section. In step1600of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional sub-step (not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step1602, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step1604(which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

FIG.17is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference toFIGS.13and14. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.17will be included in this section. In step1700(which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step1702, the UE provides user data. In sub-step1704(which may be optional) of step1700, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In sub-step1706(which may be optional) of step1702, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE initiates, in sub-step1708(which may be optional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step1710of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

FIG.18is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference toFIGS.13and14. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.18will be included in this section. In step1800(which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step1802(which may be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step1804(which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include Digital Signal Processor (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

While processes in the figures may show a particular order of operations performed by certain embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that such order is exemplary (e.g., alternative embodiments may perform the operations in a different order, combine certain operations, overlap certain operations, etc.).

Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are as follows.Embodiment 1: A method performed by a wireless device for communicating a Quality of Experience (QoE) measurement(s) based on Radio Resource Control (RRC) segmentation. The method includes receiving (500) an indication (e.g., in OtherConfig IE of RRCReconfiguration) from at least one network node located in an area (e.g., a tracking area, a RAN area, a list of cells, etc.) that indicates whether the at least one network node supports RRC segmentation. The method also includes transmitting (600) a QoE measurement(s) to the at least one network node based on RRC segmentation in response to receiving (500) the indication that indicates that the at least one network node supports RRC segmentation.Embodiment 2: The indication received from the at least one network node is an explicit indication or an implicit indication that indicates that the at least one network node supports the wireless device to send the QoE measurement(s) using RRC segmentation.Embodiment 3: The explicit indication comprises one or more of the following: an indication received outside a QoE configuration container (e.g., rrc-MessageSegmentContainer) and in a message used by the at least one network node to send a QoE measurement configuration to the wireless device (e.g., RRCReconfiguration); and an indication received inside a QoE configuration container (e.g., rrc-MessageSegmentContainer). The implicit indication comprises one or more of the following: a QoE measurement configuration file received from the at least one network node based on RRC segmentation; and an indication provided from the wireless device to the at least one network node that indicates that the wireless device supports RRC segmentation and QoE measurement.Embodiment 4: The method also includes forwarding (500A) the indication received outside the QoE configuration container from an access stratum layer (e.g., RRC layer) in the wireless device to an application layer in the wireless device (e.g., via an AT command(s)).Embodiment 5: Transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s) comprises determining (600A) a permitted size of the QoE measurement(s) based on one or more of the following: a Radio Access Technology (RAT) supported by the at least one network node; and an explicit indication received from the at least one network node that indicates the permitted size of the QoE measurement(s) and/or a number of permitted RRC segments from the at least one network node.Embodiment 6: Transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s) further comprises truncating (600B) the QoE measurement(s) to the permitted size of the QoE measurement(s).Embodiment 7: Transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s) further comprises employing (600C) a QoE measurement buffer of a first size if the at least one network node supports RRC segmentation or a second size smaller than the first size if the at least one network node does not support RRC segmentation.Embodiment 8: Transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s) further comprises indicating (600D) an adjustment to the QoE measurement buffer from the access stratum layer (e.g., RRC layer) in the wireless device to the application layer in the wireless device (e.g., via the AT command(s)).Embodiment 9: Transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s) further comprises resolving (600F) a contradiction in terms of applicability of RRC segmentation by taking one or more of the following actions in response determining the contradiction: discarding the QoE measurement(s); sending a subset of the QoE measurement(s); and storing the QoE measurement(s).Embodiment 10: The subset of the QoE measurement(s) comprises one of the following: a latest acquired QoE measurement(s) as the subset of the QoE measurements; and a specific type(s) of the QoE measurement(s) as the subset of the QoE measurement(s).Embodiment 11: The at least one network node comprises a first network node and a second network node located in the area, wherein: receiving (500) the indication from the at least one network node further comprises receiving (500B) the indication from the first network node that indicates that the first network node supports RRC segmentation; and transmitting (600) the QoE measurement(s) to the at least one network node further comprises transmitting (600F) the QoS measurement(s) to the second network node using RRC segmentation.Embodiment 12: The method also includes providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host computer via the transmission to the base station.Embodiment 13: A method performed by a base station for communicating a Quality of Experience (QoE) measurement(s) based on Radio Resource Control (RRC) segmentation. The method includes transmitting (700) an indication (e.g., in OtherConfig IE of RRCReconfiguration) to a wireless device that indicates that the base station supports RRC segmentation. The method also includes receiving (600) a QoE measurement(s) from the wireless device based on RRC segmentation.Embodiment 14: The indication transmitted to the wireless device is an explicit indication or an implicit indication that indicates that the at least one network node supports the wireless device to send the QoE measurement(s) using RRC segmentation.Embodiment 15: The explicit indication comprises one or more of the following: an indication received outside a QoE configuration container (e.g., rrc-MessageSegmentContainer) and in a message used by the at least one network node to send a QoE measurement configuration to the wireless device (e.g., RRCReconfiguration); and an indication received inside a QoE configuration container (e.g., rrc-MessageSegmentContainer). The implicit indication comprises one or more of the following: a QoE measurement configuration file transmitted to the wireless device based on RRC segmentation; and an indication received from the wireless device that indicates that the wireless device supports RRC segmentation and QoE measurement.Embodiment 16: Transmitting (700) the indication to the wireless device further comprising providing (700A) an explicit indication of a permitted size of the QoE measurement(s) and/or a number of permitted RRC segments to the wireless device.Embodiment 17: The method also includes obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host computer or a wireless device.Embodiment 18: A wireless device for communicating a Quality of Experience (QoE) measurement(s) based on Radio Resource Control (RRC) segmentation is provided. The wireless device includes processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the wireless device. The wireless device also includes power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the wireless device.Embodiment 19: A base station for communicating a Quality of Experience (QoE) measurement(s) based on Radio Resource Control (RRC) segmentation is provided. The base station includes processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the base station. The base station also includes power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the base station.Embodiment 20: A User Equipment, UE, for communicating a Quality of Experience (QoE) measurement(s) based on Radio Resource Control (RRC) segmentation is provided. The UE includes an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry. The processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the wireless device. The UE also includes an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry, an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry, and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.Embodiment 21: A communication system including a host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data and a communication interface configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a User Equipment, UE. The cellular network comprises a base station having a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station's processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the base station.Embodiment 22: The communication system further including the base station.Embodiment 23: The communication system further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.Embodiment 24: The communication system, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.Embodiment 25: A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE. The method includes at the host computer, providing user data. The method also includes at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the base station performs any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the base station.Embodiment 26: The method also includes at the base station, transmitting the user data.Embodiment 27: The user data is provided at the host computer by executing a host application, the method further comprising, at the UE, executing a client application associated with the host application.Embodiment 28: A User Equipment, UE, configured to communicate with a base station, the UE comprising a radio interface and processing circuitry configured to perform the method of the previous 3 embodiments.Embodiment 29: A communication system including a host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data and a communication interface configured to forward user data to a cellular network for transmission to a User Equipment, UE. The UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE's components configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the wireless device.Embodiment 30: The cellular network further includes a base station configured to communicate with the UE.Embodiment 31: The processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data. The UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.Embodiment 32: A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE. The method includes at the host computer, providing user data. The method also includes at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the wireless device.Embodiment 33: The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the UE, receiving the user data from the base station.Embodiment 34: A communication system including a host computer comprising communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a User Equipment, UE, to a base station. The UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE's processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the wireless device.Embodiment 35: The communication system of the previous embodiment, further including the UE.Embodiment 36: The communication system of the previous two embodiments, further including the base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the UE to the base station.Embodiment 37: The communication system of the previous three embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; and the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data.Embodiment 38: The communication system of the previous four embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing request data; and the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data in response to the request data.Embodiment 39: A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE. The method includes at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the base station from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the wireless device.Embodiment 40: The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising, at the UE, providing the user data to the base station.Embodiment 41: The method of the previous two embodiments, further comprising: at the UE, executing a client application, thereby providing the user data to be transmitted; and at the host computer, executing a host application associated with the client application.Embodiment 42: The method of the previous three embodiments, further comprising: at the UE, executing a client application; and at the UE, receiving input data to the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application. The user data to be transmitted is provided by the client application in response to the input data.Embodiment 43: A communication system including a host computer comprising a communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a User Equipment, UE, to a base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station's processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the base station.Embodiment 44: The communication system of the previous embodiment further including the base station.Embodiment 45: The communication system of the previous two embodiments, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.Embodiment 46: The communication system of the previous three embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; and the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data to be received by the host computer.Embodiment 47: A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE. The method includes at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission which the base station has received from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the embodiments performed by the wireless device.Embodiment 48: The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the base station, receiving the user data from the UE.Embodiment 49: The method of the previous two embodiments, further comprising at the base station, initiating a transmission of the received user data to the host computer.

At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. If there is an inconsistency between abbreviations, preference should be given to how it is used above. If listed multiple times below, the first listing should be preferred over any subsequent listing(s).3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project5G Fifth Generation5GC Fifth Generation Core5GS Fifth Generation SystemAF Application FunctionAMF Access and Mobility FunctionAN Access NetworkAP Access PointASIC Application Specific Integrated CircuitAUSF Authentication Server FunctionCN Core NetworkCPU Central Processing UnitDL DownlinkDN Data NetworkDSP Digital Signal ProcessoreNB Enhanced or Evolved Node BEPS Evolved Packet SystemE-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio AccessFPGA Field Programmable Gate ArraygNB New Radio Base StationgNB-DU New Radio Base Station Distributed UnitHSS Home Subscriber ServerIoT Internet of ThingsIP Internet ProtocolLTE Long Term EvolutionMME Mobility Management EntityMTC Machine Type CommunicationNEF Network Exposure FunctionNF Network FunctionNR New RadioNRF Network Function Repository FunctionNSSF Network Slice Selection FunctionOAM Operations, Administration, and ManagementOTT Over-the-TopPC Personal ComputerPCF Policy Control FunctionPDCP Packet Data Convergence ProtocolP-GW Packet Data Network GatewayQoE Quality of ExperienceQoS Quality of ServiceRAM Random Access MemoryRAN Radio Access NetworkRAT Radio Access TechnologyROM Read Only MemoryRRC Radio Resource ControlRRH Remote Radio HeadRU Round Trip TimeSCEF Service Capability Exposure FunctionSMF Session Management FunctionTCE Trace Collector EntityUDM Unified Data ManagementUE User EquipmentUPF User Plane FunctionUP UplinkUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein.