Patent ID: 12207282

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

FIG.1is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network100may be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and/or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wireless network100may include one or more base stations110(shown as a BS110a, a BS110b, a BS110c, and a BS110d), a user equipment (UE)120or multiple UEs120(shown as a UE120a, a UE120b, a UE120c, a UE120d, and a UE120e), and/or other network entities. A base station110is an entity that communicates with UEs120. A base station110(sometimes referred to as a BS) may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, and/or a transmission reception point (TRP). Each base station110may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a base station110and/or a base station subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

A base station110may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs120with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs120with service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs120having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs120in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A base station110for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro base station. A base station110for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico base station. A base station110for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto base station or an in-home base station. In the example shown inFIG.1, the BS110amay be a macro base station for a macro cell102a, the BS110bmay be a pico base station for a pico cell102b, and the BS110cmay be a femto base station for a femto cell102c. A base station may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.

In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a base station110that is mobile (e.g., a mobile base station). In some examples, the base stations110may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other base stations110or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network100through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

The wireless network100may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a base station110or a UE120) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE120or a base station110). A relay station may be a UE120that can relay transmissions for other UEs120. In the example shown inFIG.1, the BS110d(e.g., a relay base station) may communicate with the BS110a(e.g., a macro base station) and the UE120din order to facilitate communication between the BS110aand the UE120d. A base station110that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay, or the like.

The wireless network100may be a heterogeneous network that includes base stations110of different types, such as macro base stations, pico base stations, femto base stations, relay base stations, or the like. These different types of base stations110may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and/or different impacts on interference in the wireless network100. For example, macro base stations may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico base stations, femto base stations, and relay base stations may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

A network controller may couple to or communicate with a set of base stations110and may provide coordination and control for these base stations110. The network controller may communicate with the base stations110via a backhaul communication link. The base stations110may communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link.

A network node130may communicate with a UE120via a base station110. The network node130may be part of a core network. The network node may provide location or positioning functionality for UEs. For example, the network node130may be a location management function (LMF) component.

The UEs120may be dispersed throughout the wireless network100, and each UE120may be stationary or mobile. A UE120may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and/or a subscriber unit. A UE120may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and/or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, and/or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless medium.

Some UEs120may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE and/or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, a drone, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and/or a location tag, that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs120may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs120may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. A UE120may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE120, such as processor components and/or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.

In general, any number of wireless networks100may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network100may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some examples, two or more UEs120(e.g., shown as UE120aand UE120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a base station110as an intermediary to communicate with one another). For example, the UEs120may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol), and/or a mesh network. In such examples, a UE120may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station110.

Devices of the wireless network100may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of the wireless network100may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz-24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and/or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

In some aspects, a first device (e.g., a UE120, a base station110) may include a communication manager140or150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager140or150may generate an indication of an error vector magnitude (EVM) capability of the first device, where the first device is configured to transmit a positioning reference signal (PRS). The communication manager140or150may transmit the indication to a second device. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager140or150may perform one or more other operations described herein.

In some aspects, a second device (e.g., a UE120, a base station110, a network node130) may include a communication manager140,150, or160. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager140,150, or160may receive, from a first device, an indication of an EVM capability of the first device. The communication manager140,150, or160may generate a PRS configuration based at least in part on the EVM capability and transmit the PRS configuration to the first device. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager140,150, or160may perform one or more other operations described herein.

As indicated above,FIG.1is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard toFIG.1.

FIG.2is a diagram illustrating an example200of a base station110in communication with a UE120in a wireless network100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The base station110may be equipped with a set of antennas234athrough234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE120may be equipped with a set of antennas252athrough252r, such as R antennas (R≥1).

At the base station110, a transmit processor220may receive data, from a data source212, intended for the UE120(or a set of UEs120). The transmit processor220may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS s) for the UE120based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE120. The base station110may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE120based at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UE120and may provide data symbols for the UE120. The transmit processor220may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor220may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor230may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems232(e.g., T modems), shown as modems232athrough232t. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem232. Each modem232may use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem232may further use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modems232athrough232tmay transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas234(e.g., T antennas), shown as antennas234athrough234t.

At the UE120, a set of antennas252(shown as antennas252athrough252r) may receive the downlink signals from the base station110and/or other base stations110and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems254(e.g., R modems), shown as modems254athrough254r. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem254. Each modem254may use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and/or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem254may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector256may obtain received symbols from the modems254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processor258may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE120to a data sink260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor280. The term “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UE120may be included in a housing284.

The network node130may include a communication unit294, a controller/processor290, and a memory292. The network node130may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network node130may communicate with the base station110via the communication unit294.

One or more antennas (e.g., antennas234athrough234tand/or antennas252athrough252r) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such as one or more components ofFIG.2.

On the uplink, at the UE120, a transmit processor264may receive and process data from a data source262and control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from the controller/processor280. The transmit processor264may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor264may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor266if applicable, further processed by the modems254(e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the base station110. In some examples, the modem254of the UE120may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE120includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s)252, the modem(s)254, the MIMO detector256, the receive processor258, the transmit processor264, and/or the TX MIMO processor266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor280) and the memory282to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference toFIGS.4-8).

At the base station110, the uplink signals from UE120and/or other UEs may be received by the antennas234, processed by the modem232(e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem232), detected by a MIMO detector236if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor238to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE120. The receive processor238may provide the decoded data to a data sink239and provide the decoded control information to the controller/processor240. The base station110may include a communication unit244and may communicate with the network node130via the communication unit244. The base station110may include a scheduler246to schedule one or more UEs120for downlink and/or uplink communications. In some examples, the modem232of the base station110may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the base station110includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s)234, the modem(s)232, the MIMO detector236, the receive processor238, the transmit processor220, and/or the TX MIMO processor230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor240) and the memory242to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference toFIGS.4-8).

The controller/processor240of the base station110, the controller/processor280of the UE120, the controller/processor290of network node130, and/or any other component(s) ofFIG.2may perform one or more techniques associated with indicating an EVM capability for a PRS, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller/processor240of the base station110, the controller/processor280of the UE120, the controller/processor290of network node130, and/or any other component(s) ofFIG.2may perform or direct operations of, for example, process500ofFIG.5, process600ofFIG.6, and/or other processes as described herein. The memory242, the memory282, and the memory292may store data and program codes for the base station110and the UE120, respectively. In some examples, the memory242, the memory282, and/or the memory292may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or more processors of the base station110, the UE120, and/or the network node130, may cause the one or more processors, the UE120, the network node130, and/or the base station110to perform or direct operations of, for example, process500ofFIG.5, process600ofFIG.6, and/or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

In some aspects, a first device (e.g., a UE120, base station110) includes means for generating an indication of an EVM capability of the first device, wherein the first device is configured to transmit a PRS; and/or means for transmitting the indication to a second device. In some aspects, the means for the first device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager150, transmit processor220, TX MIMO processor230, modem232, antenna234, MIMO detector236, receive processor238, controller/processor240, memory242, or scheduler246. In some aspects, the means for the first device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager140, antenna252, modem254, MIMO detector256, receive processor258, transmit processor264, TX MIMO processor266, controller/processor280, or memory282.

In some aspects, a second device (e.g., a UE120, base station110, a network node130) includes means for receiving, from a first device, an indication of an EVM capability of the first device; means for generating a PRS configuration based at least in part on the EVM capability; and/or means for transmitting the PRS configuration to the first device. In some aspects, the means for the second device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager150, transmit processor220, TX MIMO processor230, modem232, antenna234, MIMO detector236, receive processor238, controller/processor240, memory242, or scheduler246. In some aspects, the means for the second device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager140, antenna252, modem254, MIMO detector256, receive processor258, transmit processor264, TX MIMO processor266, controller/processor280, or memory282. In some aspects, the means for the second device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager160, communication unit294, controller/processor290, or memory292.

While blocks inFIG.2are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor264, the receive processor258, and/or the TX MIMO processor266may be performed by or under the control of the controller/processor280.

As indicated above,FIG.2is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard toFIG.2.

FIG.3is a diagram illustrating an example300of EVM calculation, in accordance with the present disclosure.

An EVM reflects circuit distortion at the transmitting side, and an EVM measurement may be the normalized ratio of the difference between a measured signal and an ideal or reference signal. The difference is called the error vector. The EVM may be a metric that characterizes phase coherence across bands over time.

Example300shows that an EVM measurement may take place after amplitude and phase correction and before symbol detection and decoding. For example, a transmitting device, such as a base station (BS), may transmit a signal (shown by reference number302). A receiving device may remove a cyclic prefix (CP) from the signal (shown by reference number304), perform a fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation (shown by reference number306), and perform per-subcarrier amplitude/phase correction (shown by reference number308). The receiving device may perform pre-FFT or post-FFT time/frequency synchronization (shown by reference number310) and symbol detection/decoding (shown by reference number312). As shown by reference number314, a reference point for EVM measurement may be after the amplitude/phase correction and before the symbol detection/decoding.

The EVM measurement may be defined over one slot in the time domain t and over NBWRBsubcarriers in the frequency domain f such that

E⁢V⁢M=∑t∈T⁢∑f∈F⁡(t)⁢❘"\[LeftBracketingBar]"Z′(t,f)-I⁡(t,f)❘"\[RightBracketingBar]"2∑t∈T⁢∑f∈F⁡(t)⁢❘"\[LeftBracketingBar]"I⁡(t,f)❘"\[RightBracketingBar]"2,
where T is the set of symbols with the considered modulation scheme being active within the slot, F(t) is the set of subcarriers within the NBWRBsubcarriers with the considered modulation scheme being active in symbol t, I(t,f) is the ideal signal reconstructed by the measurement equipment in accordance with relevant transmission models, and Z′(t,f) is a specified modified signal under test.

The modified signal Z′(t,f) may compensate for time, frequency, amplitude, or phase impairments. For example,

Z′(t,f)=F⁢F⁢T⁢{z⁡(v-Δ⁢t~)*e-j⁢2⁢πΔ⁢f~⁢v)·ej⁢2⁢π⁢f⁢Δ⁢t~a~(f)·ej⁢φ~(f),
where Δ{tilde over (t)} is the sample timing difference between the fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing window and the nominal timing of the ideal signal. Note that two timing offsets are determined and the corresponding EVM is measured (maximum average EVM is used), where a is the frequency offset, and {tilde over (φ)}(f) is the phase response of the transmit chain. The term ã(f) is the amplitude response of the transmit chain, where

a~(f)·ej⁢φ~(f)=Z′(f)I2⁢(f).
The estimation of the frequency offset may use an observation period for determining a sample timing difference of one slot. Similarly, the estimation of a time offset may use an observation period for determining the sample timing difference of one slot. The estimation of transmit chain amplitude and frequency response parameters may be represented as

a⁡(t,f)·ej⁢φ~(t,f)=Z′(t,f)I2⁢(t,f),
which is ã(f) over the observation period.

For NR and for all bandwidths, the EVM measurement may be performed for each NR carrier over all allocated resource blocks and downlink subframes within 10 ms measurement periods. The boundaries of the EVM measurement periods need not be aligned with radio frame boundaries. EVM may be averaged over all allocated downlink resource blocks with the considered modulation scheme in the frequency domain and a minimum of Ndlslots, where Ndlis the number of slots in a 10 ms measurement interval.

Complex ratios (amplitude and phase) of the post-FFT acquired signal and the post-FFT ideal signal may be calculated for each reference signal over a 10 ms measurement interval. The EVM may be evaluated using a modulated signal in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The offset values may be estimated at least in the slot (frame) level and not the symbol level. The EVM may include both magnitude and phase distortion, and the amplitude impact in an EVM calculation may be removed. For carrier phase measurement, phase impairment may be more important and errors caused by amplitude distortion may be removed. Instead of frame-based amplitude estimation, slot-based amplitude estimation may be used for better amplitude tracking and compensation.

Before calculating the EVM, the measured waveform may be corrected by the sample timing offset and frequency offset. Then, the carrier leakage is removed from the measured waveform before calculating the EVM. For example,

EVM=∑v∈Tm⁢❘"\[LeftBracketingBar]"z′(v)-i⁡(v)❘"\[RightBracketingBar]"2❘"\[LeftBracketingBar]"Tm❘"\[RightBracketingBar]"*P0,
where Tmis a set of |Tm| modulation symbols with the considered modulation scheme being active within the measurement period, z′(ν) are the samples of the signal evaluated for the EVM, i(ν) is the ideal signal reconstructed by the measurement equipment, and P0is the average power of the ideal signal. For normalized symbols, P0is equal to 1. The basic EVM measurement interval is defined over one slot in the time domain for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and over one preamble sequence for a physical random access channel (PRACH).

The root-mean-square average of the basic EVM measurements over 10 subframes for the average EVM case (or over 60 subframes for the reference signal EVM case) is not to exceed specified values for different modulation schemes, including values specified for a UE and/or a base station (e.g., gNB) in a standard. These values may include, in an example for a UE, an average EVM level requirement of 30% for Pi/2-binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), 17.5% or 18.5% for quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 12.5% or 13.5% for 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 8% or 9% for 64 QAM, and 3.5% or 4.5% for 256 QAM. For EVM evaluation purposes, all 13 PRACH preamble formats and all 5 PUCCH formats are considered to have the same EVM requirement as QPSK modulated. Values may be different for the gNB.

The measured waveform may be further equalized using the channel estimates subjected to the EVM equalizer spectrum flatness requirement. In the case of PUCCH and PUSCH, the uplink EVM analyzer may estimate the transmit chain equalizer coefficients ã(t, f) and {tilde over (φ)}(t, f) used by the zero-forcing equalizer for all subcarriers by time averaging at each signal subcarrier of the amplitude and phase of the reference and data symbols. The time-averaging length may be one slot. The EVM measurement interval at UE may be one preamble sequence for the PRACH and one slot for PUCCH and PUSCH in the time domain. The offset values may be estimated in the symbol/slot level.

As indicated above,FIG.3is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard toFIG.3.

FIG.4is a diagram illustrating an example400of indicating an EVM capability, in accordance with the present disclosure. A first device410may be a UE120or the base station110and configured to transmit a PRS. A second device420may be a UE120, the base station110, or a network node130such as a location management function (LMF) component. The LMF is part of the NR positioning architecture. The LMF receives measurements and assistance information from the radio access network (RAN) and the UE to compute the position of the UE. The first device410and the second device420may communicate with each other, such as over wireless network100.

EVM requirements are currently specified for reference signals on a PDSCH, a PUSCH, or a PUCCH. EVM requirements are defined per component carrier (CC) but not across multiple CCs. On the other hand, a PRS is not defined based on a CC and is instead defined based on a positioning frequency layer (PFL), which may involve a set of cells with the same carrier frequency. Although the PFL provides additional flexibility, an EVM requirement is not defined for the PFL, and there may not be any direct mapping between a CC and PFLs.

According to various aspects described herein, a first device may indicate an EVM capability to a second device that is a positioning entity or that is associated with a positioning entity. The EVM capability for the first device may include a threshold EVM that is not to be exceeded by a transmitted signal of the first device in a CC, a frequency band, or a PFL. The EVM capability may be an indication (e.g., matrix) for phase coherence across frequency bands and across time.

Currently, EVM requirements are hardcoded at production such that, for a particular MCS, a required EVM percentage may apply. However, rather than be restricted to the preset EVM requirements, the first device may indicate an EVM capability that is different than the EVM requirement that is hardcoded at production. This may provide for more flexibility with EVM requirements.

In some aspects, an EVM capability may be based at least in part on a reference signal of one CC. A spectrum of the CC may cover one or more PFLs. For intra-band PRS stitching within one CC, or carrier phase measurements within one CC, the EVM may be defined for the CC. That is, the EVM capability may apply to frequency bands of multiple PRSs within the CC or to carrier phase measurements within the CC.

In some aspects, the PRS may be defined based on a PFL, which may include a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a resource bandwidth, a starting physical resource block, or an offset, among other parameters. The PFL may be defined differently than for CCs. Accordingly, the EVM capability may correspond to a PFL. The EVM capability may correspond to a CC, among multiple CCs, that overlaps the most with one or more PFLs. There may be multiple EVM capabilities for multiple CCs.

If a PRS is defined based on a CC, there may be no basis for the PRS if no CC is configured. Therefore, in some aspects, the PRS may be defined based at least in part on the PFL such that PRS is independent of the PDSCH, the PUSCH, and the PUCCH. That is, if there is no communication of a PDSCH configuration, a PRS can still be configured. If the PRS is based on CC, no CC may be configured because no PDSCH is defined. Therefore, the first device may define the PRS based at least in part on the PFL.

One or more PFLs may fit within one CC (400 MHz), where the EVM is defined based at least in part on a reference signal of the CC. A single PRS of a single PFL (up to 400 MHz) may be located within the CC. For PRS stitching with multiple PFLs (e.g., 100 MHz each), the spectrum of the combined PRSs may be located within the CC. In some aspects, the PRS may be defined for a specific band (PFL or CC).

In some aspects, an EVM measurement interval may be enhanced. Current averaged EVM is calculated per 10 ms. For carrier phase-based positioning, phase coherence over a longer time may help to resolve integer cycle ambiguity. Therefore, an average EVM may be defined over a measurement interval that is greater than 10 ms (e.g., 20 ms, 40 ms) for a PRS signal. The EVM request and report may further include the measurement interval. The EVM measurement interval may indicate a sliding window, during which the phase coherence is maintained.

In some aspects, a wireless device may be able to maintain phase coherency longer than the EVM indicated, with the cost of more power and processing resources. For example, the device may be in a “boost” mode to maintain phase coherence across time. The device may use extra memory to store the phase of a previous PRS resource instance, calculate the phase of a next instance, and apply the phase adjustment to the next instance. All these operations require extra power and processing resources.

In this scenario, the device may further indicate the phase coherence capability to the positioning entity. The phase coherence capability may include a window during which the node can maintain phase coherence for a reference signal. The window may be defined in time (e.g., 40 ms) and the quantity of PRS resource instances (considering the PRS repetition in each instance). The phase coherence capability may include a periodicity between windows or a PRS resource identifier (ID). The first device may support this feature for a subset of PRS resources, and each PRS resource may be transmitted by a transmit beam. The phase coherence capability may include a phase coherence uncertainty or an accuracy level. Within a window, a receiving device may expect phase coherence for certain PRS resources from certain transmitting devices (e.g., NB, UE).

Example400shows the indication of an EVM capability. As shown by reference number430, the second device420may request an EVM capability from the first device410. As shown by reference number435, the first device410may generate the EVM capability. The EVM capability may correspond to a PFL that is based at least in part on a PRS. In some aspects, the EVM capability may correspond to a CC, among multiple CCs, that overlaps the most with one or more PFLs, such as EVM1 shown by reference number436. Such an EVM capability may differ from an EVM capability set for the first device410at production of the first device410.

As shown by reference number440, the first device410may transmit an indication of the EVM capability to the second device420. This indication may be passed between different combinations of devices. For example, the first device410may be a UE or a base station, and the second device420may be an LMF component (EVM capability reported via a positioning protocol). The first device410and the second device420may both be UEs (EVM capability reported via sidelink or relay by base station). The first device410may be a base station, and the second device420may be a UE (EVM capability reported via Uu or relay by LMF).

As shown by reference number445, the second device420may generate a PRS configuration based at least in part on the EVM capability indicated by the first device410. For example, based at least in part on an EVM capability of the first device410, the second device420(e.g., positioning entity) may schedule the first device410to transmit PRS resources with repetition within a window or EVM time frame such that the second device420can receive and measure at least a subset of the PRS resources. The second device420may expect that the carrier phase across the subset of PRS resources is continuous. In some aspects, if a positioning entity is separate from the second device420, the positioning entity may transmit, to the second device420, assistance data about the first device's EVM capability and or a phase coherence capability for PRS stitching carrier phase measurements. In another example, based at least in part on an EVM capability of the first device410, a positioning entity (e.g., LMF or UE) may schedule a positioning scheme based at least in part on the PRS stitching, where the PRS is transmitted over two or more contiguous portions of spectrums, either within one CC or across CCs with optimal EVM conditions.

As shown by reference number450, the second device420may transmit the PRS configuration to the first device410. As shown by reference number455, the first device410may transmit a PRS. The PRS, having benefited from an indication of an appropriate EVM capability, may have more phase coherence with phase carrier measurements and may be used more successfully by a positioning entity. As a result, positioning for the first device410may be more accurate, which may conserve processing resources and signaling resources.

As indicated above,FIG.4is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard toFIG.4.

FIG.5is a diagram illustrating an example process500performed, for example, by a first device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process500is an example where the first device (e.g., first device410) performs operations associated with indicating an EVM capability.

As shown inFIG.5, in some aspects, process500may include generating an indication of an EVM capability of the first device, where the first device is configured to transmit a PRS (block510). For example, the first device (e.g., using communication manager140or150and/or generation component708depicted inFIG.7) may generate an indication of an EVM capability of the first device, where the first device is configured to transmit a PRS, as described above.

As further shown inFIG.5, in some aspects, process500may include transmitting the indication to a second device (block520). For example, the first device (e.g., using communication manager140or150and/or transmission component704depicted inFIG.7) may transmit the indication to a second device, as described above.

Process500may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the EVM capability is based at least in part on a reference signal for a CC.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, a spectrum of the CC covers one or more PFLs.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the EVM capability applies to frequency bands of multiple PRSs within the CC or to carrier phase measurements within the CC.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the EVM capability is based at least in part on a PRS within a PFL.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the EVM capability corresponds to a CC, among multiple CCs, that overlaps the most with one or more PFLs.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the first device is a base station and the second device is an LMF component.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the first device is a UE and the second device is an LMF component.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the first device is a UE and the second device is a UE.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the first device is a base station and the second device is a UE.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the EVM capability is based at least in part on an EVM average over a measurement interval that exceeds 10 milliseconds.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process500includes transmitting an indication of the measurement interval.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the EVM capability is based at least in part on one or more of an amplitude or a phase estimation over a measurement interval that exceeds 10 milliseconds.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, process500includes transmitting a phase coherence capability of the first device to the second device.

In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the phase coherence capability indicates a window during which phase coherence is maintained, and wherein a size of the window is based at least in part on the EVM measurement interval.

In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the phase coherence capability indicates a periodicity between windows.

In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the phase coherence capability indicates a PRS resource.

In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the phase coherence capability indicates an uncertainty level or an accuracy level.

In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the phase coherence capability includes an expectation of a phase coherence for a specified PRS resource from the first device.

AlthoughFIG.5shows example blocks of process500, in some aspects, process500may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted inFIG.5. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process500may be performed in parallel.

FIG.6is a diagram illustrating an example process600performed, for example, by a second device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process600is an example where the second device (e.g., second device420) performs operations associated with using an EVM capability for PRS configuration.

As shown inFIG.6, in some aspects, process600may include receiving, from a first device, an indication of an EVM capability of the first device (block610). For example, the second device (e.g., using communication manager140,150, or160and/or reception component802depicted inFIG.8) may receive, from a first device, an indication of an EVM capability of the first device, as described above.

As further shown inFIG.6, in some aspects, process600may include generating a PRS configuration based at least in part on the EVM capability (block620). For example, the second device (e.g., using communication manager140,150, or160and/or generation component808depicted inFIG.8) may generate a PRS configuration based at least in part on the EVM capability, as described above.

As further shown inFIG.6, in some aspects, process600may include transmitting the PRS configuration to the first device (block630). For example, the second device (e.g., using communication manager140,150, or160and/or transmission component804depicted inFIG.8) may transmit the PRS configuration to the first device, as described above.

Process600may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the EVM capability is based at least in part on a reference signal for a CC.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, a spectrum of the CC covers one or more PFLs.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the EVM capability applies to frequency bands of multiple PRSs within the CC or to carrier phase measurements within the CC.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the EVM capability is based at least in part on a PRS within a PFL.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the EVM capability corresponds to a CC, among multiple CCs, that overlaps the most with one or more PFLs.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process600includes transmitting, to the first device, a request for the EVM capability of the first device.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the first device is a base station and the second device is an LMF component.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the first device is a UE and the second device is an LMF component.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the first device is a UE and the second device is a user equipment.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the first device is a base station and the second device is a UE.

AlthoughFIG.6shows example blocks of process600, in some aspects, process600may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted inFIG.6. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process600may be performed in parallel.

FIG.7is a diagram of an example apparatus700for wireless communication. The apparatus700may be a first device (e.g., first device410), or a first device may include the apparatus700. In some aspects, the apparatus700includes a reception component702and a transmission component704, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus700may communicate with another apparatus706(such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component702and the transmission component704. As further shown, the apparatus700may include the communication manager140or150. The communication manager140or150may include a generation component708, among other examples.

In some aspects, the apparatus700may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection withFIGS.1-4. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus700may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process500ofFIG.5. In some aspects, the apparatus700and/or one or more components shown inFIG.7may include one or more components of the first device described in connection withFIG.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown inFIG.7may be implemented within one or more components described in connection withFIG.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component702may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus706. The reception component702may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus700. In some aspects, the reception component702may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus700. In some aspects, the reception component702may include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the first device described in connection withFIG.2.

The transmission component704may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus706. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus700may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component704for transmission to the apparatus706. In some aspects, the transmission component704may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus706. In some aspects, the transmission component704may include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the first device described in connection withFIG.2. In some aspects, the transmission component704may be co-located with the reception component702in a transceiver.

The generation component708may generate an indication of an EVM capability of the first device, where the first device is configured to transmit a PRS. The transmission component704may transmit the indication to a second device.

The transmission component704may transmit an indication of the measurement interval. The transmission component704may transmit a phase coherence capability of the first device to the second device.

The number and arrangement of components shown inFIG.7are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown inFIG.7. Furthermore, two or more components shown inFIG.7may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown inFIG.7may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown inFIG.7may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown inFIG.7.

FIG.8is a diagram of an example apparatus800for wireless communication. The apparatus800may be a second device (e.g., second device420), or a second device may include the apparatus800. In some aspects, the apparatus800includes a reception component802and a transmission component804, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus800may communicate with another apparatus806(such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component802and the transmission component804. As further shown, the apparatus800may include the communication manager140,150, or160. The communication manager140,150, or160may include a generation component808, among other examples.

In some aspects, the apparatus800may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection withFIGS.1-4. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus800may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process600ofFIG.6. In some aspects, the apparatus800and/or one or more components shown inFIG.8may include one or more components of the second device described in connection withFIG.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown inFIG.8may be implemented within one or more components described in connection withFIG.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component802may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus806. The reception component802may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus800. In some aspects, the reception component802may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus800. In some aspects, the reception component802may include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the second device described in connection withFIG.2.

The transmission component804may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus806. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus800may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component804for transmission to the apparatus806. In some aspects, the transmission component804may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus806. In some aspects, the transmission component804may include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the second device described in connection withFIG.2. In some aspects, the transmission component804may be co-located with the reception component802in a transceiver.

The reception component802may receive, from a first device, an indication of an EVM capability of the first device. The generation component808may generate a PRS configuration based at least in part on the EVM capability. The transmission component804may transmit the PRS configuration to the first device.

The transmission component804may transmit, to the first device, a request for the EVM capability of the first device.

The number and arrangement of components shown inFIG.8are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown inFIG.8. Furthermore, two or more components shown inFIG.8may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown inFIG.8may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown inFIG.8may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown inFIG.8.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a first device, comprising: generating an indication of an error vector magnitude (EVM) capability of the first device, wherein the first device is configured to transmit a positioning reference signal (PRS); and transmitting the indication to a second device.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the EVM capability is based at least in part on a reference signal for a component carrier (CC).

Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein a spectrum of the CC covers one or more positioning frequency layers (PFLs).

Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the EVM capability applies to frequency bands of multiple PRSs within the CC or to carrier phase measurements within the CC.

Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the EVM capability is based at least in part on a PRS within a positioning frequency layer (PFL).

Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the EVM capability corresponds to a component carrier (CC), among multiple CCs, that overlaps the most with one or more PFLs.

Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the first device is a base station and the second device is a location management function component.

Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the first device is a user equipment and the second device is a location management function component.

Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the first device is a user equipment and the second device is a user equipment.

Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the first device is a base station and the second device is a user equipment.

Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the EVM capability is based at least in part on an EVM average over a measurement interval that exceeds 10 milliseconds.

Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, further comprising transmitting an indication of the measurement interval.

Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the EVM capability is based at least in part on one or more of an amplitude or a phase estimation over a measurement interval that exceeds 10 milliseconds.

Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, further comprising transmitting a phase coherence capability of the first device to the second device.

Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the phase coherence capability indicates a window during which phase coherence is maintained, and wherein a size of the window is based at least in part on the EVM measurement interval.

Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, wherein the phase coherence capability indicates a periodicity between windows.

Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the phase coherence capability indicates a PRS resource.

Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the phase coherence capability indicates an uncertainty level or an accuracy level.

Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the phase coherence capability includes an expectation of a phase coherence for a specified PRS resource from the first device.

Aspect 20: A method of wireless communication performed by a second device, comprising: receiving, from a first device, an indication of an error vector magnitude (EVM) capability of the first device; generating a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration based at least in part on the EVM capability; and transmitting the PRS configuration to the first device.

Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 20, wherein the EVM capability is based at least in part on a reference signal for a component carrier (CC).

Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein a spectrum of the CC covers one or more positioning frequency layers (PFLs).

Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 20-22, wherein the EVM capability applies to frequency bands of multiple PRSs within the CC or to carrier phase measurements within the CC.

Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 20-22, wherein the EVM capability is based at least in part on a PRS within a positioning frequency layer (PFL).

Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein the EVM capability corresponds to a component carrier (CC), among multiple CCs, that overlaps the most with one or more PFLs.

Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 20-25, further comprising transmitting, to the first device, a request for the EVM capability of the first device.

Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 20-26, wherein the first device is a base station and the second device is a location management function component.

Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 20-26, wherein the first device is a user equipment and the second device is a location management function component.

Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 20-26, wherein the first device is a user equipment and the second device is a user equipment.

Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 20-26, wherein the first device is a base station and the second device is a user equipment.

Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 32: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, since those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).