Patent ID: 12200626

Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.

In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. For example, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “has”, “having”, “includes” and/or “including”, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and/or combinations thereof. Moreover, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with some embodiments, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.

It is also to be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

As mentioned above, for the fifth generation (5G) system operating above 6 GHz, a user equipment (UE) may comprise multiple antenna panels (also referred to as “panels”) and maintain a plurality of spatial domain transmission filters. Then, the UE is able to transmit uplink signals from the multiple antenna panels.

There are two STxMP modes supported by UE according to UE capability, as following:

Mode-1: Synchronous UL Simultaneous Transmission across Multi-Panel (STxMP). The relative receive timing difference between the slot timing of the signals received from a first panel and second panel does not exceed Cyclic Prefix (CP) length.

Mode-2: Asynchronous STxMP. The relative receive timing difference between the slot timing of the signals received from a first panel and second panel may exceed Cyclic Prefix (CP) length and up to a half slot duration.

Embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for power control mechanisms on multiple panels. In this solution, a variety of power control solutions were proposed to enable UL Simultaneous Multi-Panel (STxMP) transmission. And the present solution may be suitable for both STxMP mode-1 and/or STxMP mode-2. As used herein, simultaneous transmissions may include, but are not limited to, transmissions which occur that the same time and/or transmissions which occur in a substantially contemporaneous manner.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the tradeoff between UE complexity and scheduling flexibility at the network side is considered.

Principle and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference toFIGS.1-6.FIG.1shows an example communication network100in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The network100includes two base stations (BSs)110-1and110-2, which may be collectively referred to as “BSs110” or individually referred to as a “BS110”, and a UE120served by the BSs110of the network100. The UE120may have a plurality of panels for transmission. For example,FIG.1shows a panel105-1and a panel105-2, which may be collectively referred to as “panels105” or individually referred to as a “panel105”.

It is to be understood that the numbers of BSs110, UEs120and panels105as shown inFIG.1are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The network100may include any suitable number of BSs, UEs and panels adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.

In the communication network100, the BS110can communicate data and control information to the UE120and the UE120can also communication data and control information to the BS110. A link from the BS110to the UE120is referred to as a downlink (DL) or a forward link, while a link from the UE120to the BS110is referred to as an uplink (UL) or a reverse link. For uplink multi-panel transmission, the UE120may transmit data and control information from different panels to a corresponding BS110, for example, a corresponding gNodeB (gNB).

Reference is now made toFIG.2.FIG.2illustrates a schematic diagram200of transmission power on different panels according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the diagram200will be described with reference toFIG.1. The diagram200may involve the UE120and the panel105-1, panel105-2shown inFIG.1. As shown inFIG.2, there are 2 panels on carrier f, which are panel105-1and panel105-2and the uplink transmission power on panel105-1is Pp=105-1,f,c, the uplink transmission on panel105-2is Pp=105-2,f,c. The Pp=105-1,f,cand Pp=105-2,f,cmay be calculated by UE based on the scheduling Download Control Information (DCI) format and Opening Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameters. The total uplink transmission of panel105-1and panel105-2should not exceed the max uplink transmission power of carrier f, that is Pcmax,f,c.

Dynamic Uplink Transmission Power Sharing

A first solution for power control for multi-panel transmission is to share the uplink transmission between the panels of UE120dynamically and ensure that the total transmission power of overlapped uplink transmissions is lower than the maximum transmission power of the UE120. In the first solution, power control is performed across the plurality panels105of the UE120.

In this solution, the UE120performs power control for at least one of the overlapped uplink transmissions from the plurality of panels105if a total transmission power of the UE120is above a maximum transmission power of the UE120. In other words, the UE120determines whether a total transmission power of the plurality of uplink transmissions to be performed by the UE120exceeds the maximum transmission power of the UE120. The plurality of uplink transmissions are overlapped in time.

The UE120further reduces the transmission power of a target uplink transmission to be performed from at least one of the plurality of panels105to reduce the total transmission power if the total transmission power exceeds the maximum transmission power. The UE120further causes the plurality of uplink transmissions to be performed by the UE120with the reduced total transmission power.

In this way, the UE120may ensure that the total transmission power of overlapped uplink transmissions is lower than the maximum transmission power of the UE120.

Reference is now made to reference toFIG.3.FIG.3illustrates a flowchart of an example method300for dynamic uplink transmission power sharing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method300will be described with reference toFIGS.1,2,4and5. The method300may involve the UE120and panels105-1,105-2, shown inFIG.1.

At block310, the UE120determines whether a total transmission power of a plurality of uplink transmissions to be performed by the UE comprising a plurality of panels exceeds a maximum transmission power of the UE, the plurality of uplink transmissions overlapped in time. The plurality of panels may comprise the panel105-1and panel105-2as shown inFIG.1.

If at block310, the total uplink transmission power of the UE120is determined as exceeding the maximum transmission power of the carrier of UE120, the method300proceeds to block320. As an example,FIG.4illustrates a schematic diagram400of transmission power on different panels exceeding the total transmission power according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG.4, the uplink transmission power on panel105-1is Pp=105-1,f,c, the uplink transmission on panel105-2is Pp=105-2,f,c. The total uplink transmission power exceeds the total uplink transmission power from carrier f of the UE120, i.e., Pp=105-1,f,c+Pp=105-2,f,c>Pcmax,f,c, as illustrated inFIG.4.

At block320, the UE120determines at least one target uplink transmission from the plurality of uplink transmission to reduce the transmission power in accordance with a determination that the total uplink transmission power exceeds the maximum uplink transmission power.

At block330, the UE120reduce a transmission power of the at least one target uplink transmission to be performed on the at least one panel.

In some embodiments, the UE120may determine an uplink transmission having the lowest priority among the plurality of transmissions as the target uplink transmission. The UE120may determine the target uplink transmission based on a priority order of the plurality of uplink transmissions. The priority of each uplink transmission may be determined based on the characteristics of the transmission.

In some embodiments, the UE120may determine the priorities of the uplink transmissions based on channel types of the plurality of uplink transmissions. The types of the plurality of uplink transmissions may comprise Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the like. Alternatively or in addition, the UE120may determine the priorities based on the information carried by the plurality of uplink transmissions. The carried information may comprise Scheduling Request (SR), Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) and (Channel State Information) CSI. Alternatively or in addition, the UE120may determine the priorities based on the periodicities of the plurality of uplink transmissions, or in other words, time domain behaviors of the plurality of uplink transmissions. Example transmissions with the periodicities may comprise an aperiodic transmission, a semi-persistent transmission and a periodic transmission.

The order of priority of the plurality of transmissions may be hardcode. And two or more of the above characteristics of the uplink transmissions may be combined. For example, the following order may be used to prioritize the overlapping transmissions across panels (in descending order).PRACH;PUCCH/PUSCH with HARQ-ACK information and/or SR;PUCCH/PUSCH with other UCIs;SRS Transmission with aperiodic SRS having higher priority than semi-persistent and/or persistent SRS.

In some embodiments, if the overlapping transmissions across panels have same priority level, UE120may determine a panel having the lowest priority among the plurality of panels as the target panel for reducing uplink transmission power.

In some embodiments, the order of priority of the plurality of panels may be configured by high layer signaling, i.e., Radio Resource Control (RRC).

In some embodiments, the panel with earlier transmission may have higher priority. So the transmission power may be kept constant for a given channel. As illustrated inFIG.4, the transmission of panel105-1starts earlier than the transmission of panel105-2, so the panel105-1may have higher priority and the panel105-2may have lower priority. The panel105-2may be the target panel for uplink transmission power reduction.

In some embodiments, the UE120may determine the priorities based on the serving cells of the plurality of uplink transmissions. If the plurality of panels is used for communication with inter-cell multiple transmit receive point (mTRP) with different Physical Cell Index (PCIs), the panel associated with serving cell may have higher priority.

In some embodiments, after the UE120determines an uplink transmission having the lowest priority, the UE120may reduce the transmission power of this uplink transmission.

In some embodiments, the value of reduced uplink transmission power may be determined by the UE120. So after the uplink transmission power reduction performed by UE120, the left uplink transmission power may not exceed the total uplink transmission power PCMAX,f,c.

In some embodiments, a target value of reduced uplink transmission power Xsmay be provided by RRC signaling. If the possible reduced uplink transmission power on the target transmission is equal or more than the target value, the UE120may perform the transmission. If the possible reduced uplink transmission power on the target transmission is less than the target value, the target transmission may be dropped by the UE120.

In some embodiments, a common value of Xsmay be configured for UE120, and the common value of Xsis for all uplink channels on the UE120. Alternatively, or in addition, since different uplink channels may have various functionalities and structure, different value of Xsmay be configured for different uplink channels on UE120. For example, SRS signals are mainly configured for uplink channel measurement and are less sensitive for power reduction. Therefore, a large value of Xsmay be configured for SRS to maximize the transmission probability.

Upon determining the target uplink transmission by above prioritization order, the UE120may need to determine over which transmission occasion(s) to apply the prioritization order and perform power reduction on the target uplink transmission.

In some embodiments, the UE120may apply the prioritization order and reduce the transmission power on a per-channel basis.FIG.5illustrates a schematic diagram500of per-channel basis power control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG.5, in the scenario that the total uplink transmission power exceeds the total uplink transmission power from carrier f of the UE120, i.e., Pp=105-1,f,c+Pp=105-2,f,c>Pcmax,f,c, and the uplink transmission on panel105-2has higher priority over that of panel105-1, the entire transmission power of uplink channel on panel105-1is reduced, regardless of a symbol is overlapped with symbols of uplink transmission on panel105-2or not. As a result, for PUSCH with Uplink Control Information (UCI) transmission, above option may have better decoding performance.

In some embodiments, the UE120may apply the prioritization order and reduce the transmission power on a per-symbol basis.FIG.6illustrates a schematic diagram600of per-symbol basis power control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG.6, in the scenario that the total uplink transmission power exceeds the total uplink transmission power from carrier f of the UE120, i.e., Pp=105-1,f,c+Pp=105-2,f,c>Pcmax,f,c, and the uplink transmission on the panel105-2has higher priority over that of the panel105-1, the symbol of the panel105-1is overlapped with symbol of the panel105-2. So only the transmission power on the overlapping symbol of uplink transmission on panel105-1is reduced, while the transmission power on non-overlapped symbols are kept without power reduction. As a result, for SRS and PUSCH with UCI transmission, the above option may be more feasible as the UCI is transmitted in the first a set of PUSCH symbols and power scaling may degrade the UCI performance.

Dynamic Uplink Transmission Power Sharing with Reserved Power

A second solution for power control for multi-panel transmission is to reserve a minimum uplink transmission power for the respective panels independently and sharing the remaining uplink transmission power between the plurality of panels. The remaining uplink transmission power is determined by the total uplink transmission power on the carrier and the minimum uplink transmission power for the respective panels. In the second solution, power control is performed across the plurality panels105of the UE120. In this solution, firstly, a minimum uplink transmission power is reserved for the respective panels independently. The reserved power may be for the UCI over PUCCH or Ultra Reliable & Low Latency Communication (URLLC) small packet.

Then the UE120performs power control for at least one of the overlapped uplink transmissions from the plurality of panels105if a total transmission power of the UE120is above a maximum transmission power of the UE120. In other words, the UE120determines whether a total transmission power of the plurality of uplink transmissions to be performed by the UE120exceeds the maximum transmission power of the UE120. The plurality of uplink transmissions are overlapped in time. The UE120further reduces the remaining transmission power of the plurality of panels105to reduce the total transmission power if the total transmission power exceeds the maximum transmission power. And the reserved uplink transmission power will not be reduced.

In this way, the UE120may ensure that the UCI over PUCCH or URLLC small packet can be always transmitted by the UE120on the deprioritized Panel toward the other transmit receive point TRP. As a result, the spatial diversity gain can be obtained, and meanwhile, the total transmission power of overlapped uplink transmissions can be lower than the maximum transmission power of the UE120.

Reference is now made to reference toFIG.7.FIG.7illustrates a flowchart of an example method700for dynamic uplink transmission power sharing with reserved power according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method700will be described with reference toFIGS.1and8. The method700may involve the UE120and panel105-1,105-2, shown inFIG.1.

At block710, the UE120reserves a minimum uplink transmission power for a plurality of panels. For example,FIG.8illustrates a schematic diagram800of dynamic uplink transmission power sharing with reserved power according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Reference is now made toFIG.8. As shown inFIG.8, UE120includes two panels, the panel105-1and panel105-2. The reserved uplink transmission power Pmin,p=105-1is for Panel105-1, and the reserved uplink transmission power Pmin,p=105-2is for Panel105-2. The reserved power may be for the UCI over PUCCH or URLLC small packet. By this solution, the UCI over PUCCH or URLLC small packet can be always transmitted by the UE120on the deprioritized Panel toward the other TRP. As a result, the spatial diversity gain can be obtained.

In some embodiments, the reserved power can be configured for the respective uplink panel independently by scaling factor. For example, the scaling factor α105-1is for the panel105-1and the scaling factor α105-2is for the panel105-2. The scaling factor α105-1and α105-2may be the percentage of the total uplink transmission power on carrier f. So the reserved power for the respective panel can be represented as, Pmin,p=Pcmax,f,c*αp, P=0,1. In some embodiments, the scaling factor for the respective uplink panel may be configured by high layer signaling.

At block720, the UE determining whether a total transmission power of a plurality of uplink transmissions to be performed by the UE comprising a plurality of panels exceeds a maximum transmission power of the UE, the plurality of uplink transmissions overlapped in time.

If at block720, the total uplink transmission power of the UE120is determined as exceeding the maximum transmission power of the carrier of UE120, the method700proceeds to block730. As shown inFIG.8, the uplink transmission power on panel105-1is Pp=105-1,f,c, the uplink transmission on panel105-2is Pp=105-2,f,c. The total uplink transmission power exceeds the total uplink transmission power from carrier f of the UE120, i.e., Pp=105-1,f,c+Pp=105-2,f,c>Pcmax,f,c, as illustrated inFIG.8.

At block730, the UE120reduces uplink transmission powers of the plurality of uplink transmissions to be performed on the plurality of panels while maintaining the transmission power for each panel of the plurality of panels above the respective minimum uplink transmission power in accordance with a determination that the total uplink transmission power exceeds the maximum uplink transmission power. Since the minimum uplink transmission power is reserved at block710, the UE120may just scaling/dropping the remaining uplink transmission power.

In some embodiments, the UE120may determine the uplink transmissions to be performed by the remaining transmission power. And among these uplink transmissions, the uplink transmission having the lowest priority can be determined as the target uplink transmission. The UE120may determine the target uplink transmission based on a priority order of the plurality of uplink transmissions. The priority of each uplink transmission may be determined based on the characteristics of the transmission.

In some embodiments, the UE120may determine the priorities of the uplink transmissions based on channel types of the plurality of uplink transmissions. The types of the plurality of uplink transmissions may comprise PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, PUCCH and the like. Alternatively or in addition, the UE120may determine the priorities based on the information carried by the plurality of uplink transmissions. The carried information may comprise SR, HARQ-ACK and CSI. Alternatively or in addition, the UE120may determine the priorities based on the periodicities of the plurality of uplink transmissions, or in other words, time domain behaviors of the plurality of uplink transmissions. Example transmissions with the periodicities may comprise an aperiodic transmission, a semi-persistent transmission and a periodic transmission.

The order of priority of the plurality of transmissions may be hardcode. And two or more of the above characteristics of the uplink transmissions may be combined. For example, the following order may be used to prioritize the overlapping transmissions across panels (in descending order).PRACH;PUCCH/PUSCH with HARQ-ACK information and/or SR;PUCCH/PUSCH with other UCIs;SRS Transmission with aperiodic SRS having higher priority than semi-persistent and/or persistent SRS.

In some embodiments, if the overlapping transmissions across panels have same priority level, UE120may determine a panel having the lowest priority among the plurality of panels as the target panel for reducing uplink transmission power.

In some embodiments, the order of priority of the plurality of panels may be configured by high layer signaling, i.e., RRC.

In some embodiments, the panel with earlier transmission may have higher priority. So the transmission power may be kept constant for a given channel. As illustrated inFIG.8, the transmission of panel105-1starts earlier than the transmission of panel105-2, so the panel105-1may have higher priority and the panel105-2may have lower priority. The panel105-2may be the target panel for uplink transmission power reduction.

In some embodiments, the UE120may determine the priorities based on the serving cells of the plurality of uplink transmissions. If the plurality of panels is used for communication with inter-cell mTRP with different PCIs, the panel associated with serving cell may have higher priority.

In some embodiments, after the UE120determines an uplink transmission having the lowest priority, the UE120may reduce the transmission power of this uplink transmission.

In some embodiments, the value of reduced uplink transmission power may be determined by the UE120. So after the uplink transmission power reduction performed by UE120, the left uplink transmission power may not exceed the total uplink transmission power PCMAX,f,c.

In some embodiments, a target value of reduced uplink transmission power Xsmay be provided by RRC signaling. If the possible reduced uplink transmission power on the target transmission is equal or more than the target value, the UE120may perform the transmission. If the possible reduced uplink transmission power on the target transmission is less than the target value, the target transmission may be dropped by the UE120.

In some embodiments, a common value of Xsmay be configured for UE120, and the common value of Xsis for all uplink channels on the UE120. Alternatively, or in addition, since different uplink channels may have various functionalities and structure, different value of Xsmay be configured for different uplink channels on UE120. For example, SRS signals are mainly configured for uplink channel measurement and are less sensitive for power reduction. Therefore, a large value of Xsmay be configured for SRS to maximize the transmission probability.

Upon determining the target uplink transmission by above prioritization order, the UE120may need to determine over which transmission occasion(s) to apply the prioritization order and perform power reduction on the target uplink transmission.

In some embodiments, the UE120may apply the prioritization order and reduce the transmission power on a per-channel basis.

In some embodiments, the UE120may apply the prioritization order and reduce the transmission power on a per-symbol basis.

Semi-Static Uplink Transmission Power Sharing

A third solution for power control for multi-panel transmission is to maintain a maximum transmission power for each panel. In the third solution, power control is performed per panel. For example, the UE120may ensure that the maximum transmission power of each panel is lower than the maximum transmission power of the UE120. In some embodiments, the UE120may ensure that a sum of the maximum transmission powers of all panels105is lower than the maximum transmission power of the UE120.

In this solution, the UE120performs power control for a panel when a total transmission power from this panel is above its maximum transmission power. In other words, the UE120determines whether a total transmission power of a plurality of uplink transmissions to be performed from a given panel of the UE exceeds a maximum transmission power of the given panel. The plurality of uplink transmissions are overlapped in time. The UE120reduces a transmission power of a first uplink transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions to reduce the total transmission power if the total transmission power exceeds the maximum transmission power. The first uplink transmission has a lower priority than a second uplink transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions. In this way, the UE120may ensure that the total transmission power in each panel is lower than the respective maximum transmission power.

Reference is now made to reference toFIG.9.FIG.9illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example method900of semi-static power sharing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method900will be described with reference toFIGS.1and5. The method900may involve the UE120, the panel105-1,105-2, shown inFIG.1. It is to be understood that the method900may include additional blocks not shown and/or may omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.

At block910, the UE120determines a maximum uplink transmission power of a first panel of the UE.

For example,FIG.10illustrates a schematic diagram1000of semi-static power sharing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG.10, the maximum output power Pcmax,p,f,cis for a uplink panel p of a carrier f, wherein Pcmax,p=105-1,f,cis max output power for the panel105-1, and Pcmax,p=105-2,f,cis max output power for the panel105-2.

In some embodiments, the values of maximum output power may be explicitly configured by RRC signaling. For example, the Pcmax,p=105-1,f,cand Pcmax,p=105-2,f,cmay be explicitly configured for UE120by RRC signaling.

In some embodiments, the scaling factors may be explicitly configured for the panels. For example, two scaling factors γp=105-1, γp=105-2may be explicitly configured for the panel105-1and panel105-2. So the UE120may determine the Pcmax,p,f,cas follows:
Pcmax,p=105-1,f,c=γp=105-1*Pcmax,f,c;
Pcmax,p=105-2,f,c=γp=105-2*Pcmax,f,c.

As an example, Table 1 provides 16 exemplified candidate values for parameter γp=105-1, γ105-2with 4-bit indication.

TABLE 1γp=105−1OR γp=105−2values for determiningpower allocation for each panel.RRC configurationγp=105−1(γp=105−2)indexvalue in %00152103154205306377448509561063117012801390149515100

In some embodiments, the γp=105-1=1−γp=105-2, which can minimize the signaling overhead.

At block920, the UE120determines whether a total uplink transmission power of the first panel of the UE exceeds the maximum uplink transmission power of the first panel.

If at block920, the total uplink transmission power of the first panel of the UE120is determined as exceeding the maximum transmission power of the first panel, the method900proceeds to block930. As shown inFIG.10, the uplink transmission power on panel105-1is Pp=105-1,f,c. The uplink transmission power Pp=105-1,f,cexceeds the maximum uplink transmission power of the first panel, Pcmax,p=105-1,f,c, as illustrated inFIG.10.

At block930, the UE120reduces the total uplink transmission power of the first panel in accordance with a determination that the total uplink transmission power exceeds the maximum uplink transmission power. So that the total power in every symbol is smaller than or equal to the maximum uplink transmission power, that is, Pcmax,p,f,c.

In some embodiments, the semi-static power sharing may be defined as mandatory features for UE supporting STxMP Mode-1 and STxMP Mode-2.

FIG.11is a simplified block diagram of a device1100that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the BS110and the UE120can be implemented by the device1100. As shown, the device1100includes a processor1110, a memory1120coupled to the processor1110, and a transceiver1140coupled to the processor1110.

The transceiver1140is for bidirectional communications. The transceiver1140is coupled to at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The transceiver1140can comprise a transmitter circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more transmit chains) and/or a receiver circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more receive chains). The transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry can employ common circuit elements, distinct circuit elements, or a combination thereof.

The processor1110may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device1100may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.

The memory1120may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM)1124, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disk (DVD), and other magnetic storage and/or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM)1122and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.

A computer program1130includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor1110. The program1130may be stored in the ROM1124. The processor1110may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program1130into the RAM1122.

The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program1130so that the device1100may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference toFIGS.3-10. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.

The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method300as described above with reference toFIG.3and/or the method700as described above with reference toFIG.7and/or the method900as described above with reference toFIG.9.

Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.