Patent ID: 12211310

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It is noted that, in each of the following embodiments, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

The present disclosure will be described according to the following order of items.1. Embodiment2. Modification3. Application example4. Application example to moving body5. Application example to endoscopic surgery system6. Example of effects

1. Embodiment

FIGS.1and2are diagrams illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device according to an embodiment. In the drawings, an XYZ coordinate system is shown. The Z-axis direction corresponds to the forward-and-rearward direction of an imaging device1. The Z-axis positive direction corresponds to the forward direction of the imaging device1, and the Z-axis negative direction corresponds to the rearward direction of the imaging device1. The X-axis and the Y-axis correspond to the vertical and horizontal directions of the imaging device1.

FIG.1illustrates a schematic configuration of the imaging device1when viewed from the front (as viewed from the front side). InFIG.1, some of the elements that are not directly visible are illustrated in broken lines.FIG.2schematically illustrates a cross section of the imaging device1when viewed along line II-II inFIG.1. It is noted that the size of each element appearing in the drawings is not necessarily accurate, and the same applies to other drawings.

An object to be imaged by the imaging device1is referred to as a subject2(FIG.2). The imaging device1is, for example, an imaging device of a close-up photography type, and receives light from the subject2positioned relatively close to the front of the imaging device1(for example, several tens of centimeters or less, several centimeters or less, several millimeters or less, or the like from the imaging device1), thereby capturing an image of the subject2. An example of the subject2positioned close thereto is a finger, and in this case, the imaging device1may function as a fingerprint imaging device. The imaging device1can also receive light from the subject2positioned in front of the imaging device1and positioned relatively far therefrom (for example, separated from the imaging device1by several tens of centimeters or more, several meters or more, or the like), and can capture an image of the subject2.

The imaging device1includes a transparent layer10, an element layer20, an illumination element30, an illumination substrate31, and a wall portion32, and an imaging element40, an imaging substrate41, and a wall portion42.

The transparent layer10can form a front portion of the imaging device1. An example of a material of the transparent layer10is glass or the like, and an example of the refractive index thereof is about 1.46. An example of the thickness of the transparent layer10is several mm or less, 1 mm or less, or the like. The transparent layer10is mainly used to hold the element layer20. When the structure is maintained only by the element layer20, the transparent layer10may not be provided. The transparent layer10may have an antireflection film such as AR coating on the surface thereof.

The element layer20is provided behind the transparent layer10.

The element layer20is a layer having opacity. The element layer20may be an impermeable film deposited on the rear surface of the transparent layer10. Examples of a material of the impermeable film include chromium and aluminum. The present disclosure is not limited thereto, and various materials may be used. Examples of other materials are bamboo, stone, and the like. The thickness of the element layer20may be negligibly small (much thinner than shown in the drawing) relative to the transparent layer10.

The element layer20includes a plurality of image forming elements20aand a plurality of openings20b.

The image forming element20aforms an image with light from the subject2. InFIG.2, an image forming range by the image forming element20ais schematically illustrated by a broken line. Each image forming element20ais provided at a different position in the layer direction (XY plane direction) of the element layer20. The image forming elements20amay be provided such that the image forming ranges thereof do not overlap each other on the imaging element40, or may be provided such that the image forming ranges overlap each other thereon. An example of a distance between the image forming elements20ais about several mm or 1 mm or less.

The image forming element20ais a thin type image forming element. Examples of the image forming element20ainclude a pinhole, a photon sieve, a microlens, and a Fresnel zone plate. Such an image forming element20ais configured to include a light-transmitting region provided in the element layer20. The light-transmitting region is provided, for example, by forming a hole (fine hole) in the element layer20. In the example illustrated inFIG.2, the image forming element20ais a hole (pinhole) formed in the element layer20. It is noted that, as described above, in a case where the element layer20including the image forming element20acan maintain a single layer structure, the transparent layer10may not be provided.

The size of the hole included in the image forming element20awill be described. When the hole has a circular shape, the diameter thereof may be, for example, 50 μm or less, 40 μm or less, 30 μm or less, 20 μm or less, or the like. When the hole has a shape other than the circular shape, the size thereof may be a size having an area substantially equal to an area of the circular shape described above. The image forming element20amay have a tapered structure. The tapered structure may have a tapered shape, the area of which (cross-sectional area viewed from the Z-axis direction) increases toward the Z-axis negative direction. As a result, the angle of view can be made wider.

By using the small hole as described above as the image forming element20a, high-resolution imaging can be performed. Since the image forming element20ais hardly visible when the imaging device1is viewed from the front, it is possible to hide the presence of the image forming element20a. Therefore, the texture of the imaging device1can be enhanced.

The opening20bis provided in front of the illumination element30so that the subject2is irradiated with light from the illumination element30. When viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction, at least a part of the opening20bmay overlap or may not overlap a part of the corresponding illumination element30. The opening20bmay be smaller or larger than the illumination element30. In the example illustrated inFIGS.1and2, the opening20bhas substantially the same size as that of the illumination element30or a size slightly larger than that of the illumination element30. The opening20bmay have a tapered structure. As a result, the illumination angle of the illumination can be made wider.

The illumination element30is provided at the same position as that of the element layer20or behind the element layer20in the forward-and-rearward direction. In the example illustrated inFIGS.1and2, the illumination element30is provided behind (the opening20b) of the element layer20. The imaging device1can be downsized (for example, thinned) by the amount of the illumination element30provided behind the element layer20, that is, provided in the immediate vicinity thereof. An example of the illumination element30is a light emitting diode (LED) or the like. By using a small LED, the possibility that the imaging device1can be downsized is further increased.

The illumination element30may be provided at a density capable of uniformly irradiating the subject2. The illumination element30is provided at a position different from that of the image forming element20a(the position at which the illumination element30does not overlap the image forming element20a) when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction. More specifically, the illumination element30is provided at a position that does not interfere with image formation by the image forming element20a. In the example illustrated inFIGS.1and2, at least some of the illumination elements30among the plurality of illumination elements30are provided between the adjacent image forming elements20a. For example, in this manner, the illumination element30can be efficiently disposed in the imaging device1.

The illumination substrate31supports the illumination element30from the rear side (toward the Z-axis positive direction). The illumination element30is provided on the front surface of the illumination substrate31.

The illumination substrate31has a plurality of openings31a. The opening31ais provided corresponding to the image forming element20aof the element layer20. The opening31ahas a size that does not interfere with image formation by the corresponding image forming element20a. As illustrated inFIG.1, the illumination substrate31may have a lattice shape in which portions other than the plurality of openings31aare connected in a lattice shape.

The illumination substrate31also supports the wall portion32similarly to the illumination element30. The wall portion32is provided so as to surround the illumination element30when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction. In the example illustrated inFIG.2, the wall portion32has a height (length in the Z-axis direction) larger than the height of the illumination element30, and is connected between the element layer20and the illumination substrate31so as to fill a space between the element layer20and the illumination substrate31. The wall portion32has opacity. Examples of a material of the wall portion32are metal, resin, and the like.

The wall portion32has a plurality of openings32aand a plurality of openings32b. The opening32ais provided corresponding to the image forming element20a. The opening32ahas a size that does not interfere with image formation by the corresponding image forming element20a. The opening32bis a portion that accommodates the illumination element30. The wall portion32may be, for example, a metal plate, a resin plate, or the like in which the opening32aand the opening32bare formed.

The illumination substrate31and the wall portion32function as a light shielding portion that shields light from the illumination element30to the imaging element40. The light shielding portion suppresses leakage of the illumination to the imaging surface, that is, reflection of the illumination element30. The illumination substrate31is provided behind the illumination element30and functions as a light shielding wall (first light shielding wall) that shields light directed toward the rear (Z-axis negative direction) among the light from the illumination element30. The wall portion32is provided so as to surround the illumination element30when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction, and functions as a light shielding wall (second light shielding wall) that shields light directed in the vertical and horizontal directions (XY plane direction) among the light from the illumination element30.

The imaging element40is provided behind the image forming element20aand provided further behind the illumination element30. An example of a distance between the image forming element20aand the imaging element40is several mm or less, 1 mm or less, or the like. The imaging element40has a light receiving surface formed to extend in the XY plane direction. Examples of the imaging element include a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor, and the like.

In the example illustrated inFIG.2, in the subject2, image forming ranges of the image forming elements20aadjacent to each other may partially overlap each other. In this case, the imaging element40receives light (images) from an overlapping portion in an overlapping manner. The overlapped and received images are separated by subsequent signal processing or the like, thereby making it possible to obtain an image in which the overlapping is eliminated. For example, a brighter image can be obtained as compared with a case in which there is no overlapping portion.

The imaging substrate41supports the imaging element40and the wall portion42from behind. The imaging element40and the wall portion42are provided on the imaging substrate41.

The wall portion42is provided so as to surround the imaging element40when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction. In the example illustrated inFIG.2, the wall portion42has a height larger than a height of the illumination element30, and is connected between the illumination substrate31and the imaging substrate41so as to fill a space between the illumination substrate31and the imaging substrate41. The wall portion42has opacity similarly to the wall portion32.

The imaging substrate41and the wall portion42function as a light shielding portion that shields light from the outside to the imaging element40. The imaging substrate41shields light from the rear of the imaging element40toward the imaging element40. The wall portion42shields light directed toward the imaging element40in the vertical and horizontal directions of the imaging element40.

An operation outline of the imaging device1will be described. Light from the illumination element30passes through the opening20band the transparent layer10, and is emitted to the subject2. The light from the subject2passes through the transparent layer10and the image forming element20aof the element layer20, and is received by the imaging element40. For example, when the imaging device1is a fingerprint imaging device, the subject2is a finger, and a fingerprint of the finger is imaged. In a case where the imaging device1is an imaging device, the subject2is a face of a person or the like, and the face of the person is imaged.

In the imaging device1described above, the plurality of illumination elements30are provided at the same position as that of the element layer20or provided behind the element layer20in the forward-and-rearward direction. When viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction, the illumination element30is provided at a position different from that of the image forming element20a(for example, provided between the image forming elements20a). By providing the illumination element30immediately after the element layer20and between the image forming elements20ain this manner, for example, the imaging device1can be downsized (thinned or the like) as compared with a case in which an illumination element such as a light guide plate is provided in front of the element layer20. Illumination (direct illumination structure) of the subject2in a state where the subject2is not in contact with the light guide plate is also possible. There is no problem such as image quality deterioration due to reflection of illumination. When the illumination element is provided immediately beside the imaging element40or the like, it is necessary to increase a distance to the subject2in order to secure an illumination range (substantial imaging range) in front of the imaging element40, but such a problem does not occur in the imaging device1.

The illumination substrate31and the wall portion32existing around the illumination element30can function as a light shielding portion that shields light from the illumination element30to the imaging element40. For example, the possibility that the imaging device1can be downsized (thickness reduction, area reduction, and the like) is further increased as compared with a case in which the light shielding portion is provided at a position away from the illumination element30. Reflection of the illumination element30is also suppressed.

The imaging device1can be easily assembled. For example, the imaging device1can be assembled by overlapping the element layer20, the illumination substrate31, the imaging substrate41, and the like on the basis of the positions of the image forming element20a, the opening20b, the opening32a, the opening32b, and the like. It is also possible to easily perform alignment in consideration of suppression of reflection of the illumination element30.

The subsequent signal processing can also be simplified. For example, it is conceivable to include processing of removing the influence of reflection in signal processing in the subsequent stage after allowing the reflection, but the signal processing in the subsequent stage becomes complicated. With the imaging device1, it is not necessary to perform the processing of removing the influence of reflection, and as such it is possible to simplify the signal processing in the subsequent stage.

2. Modification

The above-described embodiment is merely one example of the disclosed technology. Some modifications will be described.

In one embodiment, light from the subject2may be received and the subject2may be imaged in a state where the subject2is in contact with the imaging device1. This will be described with reference toFIG.3.

FIG.3is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device. In the example illustrated inFIG.3, light from the subject2is received by the imaging element40in a state where the subject2is in contact with the transparent layer10of the imaging device1, and the subject2is imaged. The transparent layer10has a thickness that gives the shortest distance from the element layer20(from the image forming element20a) to the subject2. In other words, in the transparent layer10inFIG.2described above, it is not necessary to provide such a shortest distance, and accordingly, the transparent layer10can be thinned, and as such the imaging device1can be downsized (thinned or the like).

In one embodiment, the plurality of image forming elements20amay be arranged according to various patterns. This will be described with reference toFIGS.4to6.

FIGS.4to6are diagrams illustrating an example of arrangement of image forming elements. In the example illustrated inFIGS.4and5, the plurality of image forming elements20aare regularly arranged. The shape on which the arrangement pattern is based is virtually indicated by an alternate long and short dash line. In this example, the plurality of image forming elements20aare arranged at vertices of a plurality of polygons provided side by side so that adjacent polygons are in contact with each other (so as to share sides). As a polygon, a quadrangle is illustrated inFIG.4, and a hexagon is illustrated inFIG.5. Alternatively, as illustrated inFIG.6, the plurality of image forming elements20amay be arranged irregularly (randomly). For example, the image forming element20amay be arranged in a gap of a wiring of the illumination element30(LED or the like). In this case, even if images formed by the image forming element20aoverlap each other, separation by post-processing becomes easy.

In one embodiment, the opening20bmay be smaller than the corresponding illumination element30. This will be described with reference toFIGS.7and8.

FIGS.7and8are diagrams illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an opening. In the example illustrated inFIGS.7and8, the opening20bis smaller than the illumination element30when viewed in the forward-and-rearward direction. The size of the opening20bmay be about the same as the size of a hole forming the image forming element20awhich is a pinhole or a photon sieve. By forming such a small hole as the opening20b, it is possible to make a structure related to illumination, that is, the opening20band the illumination element30hardly visible when the imaging device1is viewed from the front. A higher texture can be given to the surface of the imaging device1.

In one embodiment, a plurality of openings20bmay be provided for one illumination element30. This will be described with reference toFIGS.9to11.

FIGS.9to11are diagrams illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an opening. As illustrated inFIG.9, the element layer20includes the plurality of openings20bprovided in front of one illumination element30. The plurality of openings20bare arranged according to various arrangement patterns. In the example illustrated inFIG.10, the plurality of openings20bare arranged at the vertices and center points of a virtual hexagon. In the example illustrated inFIG.11, the plurality of openings20bare arranged in an array of three rows and four columns. By providing the plurality of openings20bfor one illumination element30, for example, the subject2can be irradiated with more light from the illumination element30than in a case where only one opening20bis provided as inFIGS.7and8described above. The illumination efficiency can be improved while maintaining the texture of the surface of the imaging device1. Further, by devising the arrangement pattern of the plurality of openings20b, it is also possible to control (adjust or the like) directional control of illumination.

In one embodiment, an element layer may include not only an image forming element but also an illumination element. Such an element layer is obtained by using a self-luminous panel having translucency (transmissive type self-luminous display or the like). An example of the self-luminous panel is an organic light emitting diode (OLED) panel. Specifically, a description will be given with reference toFIGS.12to14.

FIGS.12to14are diagrams illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device. In the example illustrated inFIG.12, the imaging device1includes an OLED panel50. The OLED panel50functions as an element layer including the image forming element20aand the illumination element30(the opening20bcorresponding to the illumination element30appears in the drawing). A method of implementing such an element layer in the OLED panel50will be described with reference toFIG.13.

As illustrated on the right side ofFIG.13, a typical OLED panel includes a light-transmitting region51and a non-light-transmitting region52.

The light-transmitting region51is a region in which a light-emitting layer, another transparent layer, and the like (not illustrated) are exposed. It is noted that when the OLED panel is a display panel, an interval between the adjacent light-transmitting regions51corresponds to a pixel interval. An example of the pixel interval is about several tens of μm. The emission of the light-emitting layer provides illumination light.

The non-light-transmitting region52is a region in which a light-emitting layer and a wiring pattern of a wiring layer (not illustrated) exist. An example of the wiring pattern is a wiring pattern of a thin film transistor (TFT). By combining the light-emitting layer and the wiring pattern of the wiring layer, (the openings20bcorresponding to) the image forming element20aand the illumination element30can be formed on the OLED panel50.

The image forming element20ais formed of the wiring pattern of the wiring layer, the TFT, and the like. This layer is usually configured in the same layer as the light-emitting layer of the OLED or in the lower (rear) layer. For example, as illustrated on the left side ofFIG.13, the image forming element20aof the OLED panel50is formed by leaving a part of the light-transmitting region51exposed and setting the other region as a region provided with a wiring pattern by a wiring layer (non-light-transmitting region). The light passing through the image forming element20ais received by the imaging element40as described above. It is noted that the wiring pattern for generating the non-light-transmitting region does not need to actually form a circuit.

The illumination element30and the corresponding opening20bare formed by combining light emission by the light-emitting layer and the wiring pattern of the wiring layer. Since it is not necessary to narrow the opening of the illumination in the normal OLED panel, the upper portion of a light emitting unit may be entirely opened. The subject2is irradiated with light through the opening.

The light shielding portion that shields light from the illumination element to the imaging element40described above can also be formed using the wiring pattern of the wiring layer.

It is noted that the illumination element30(light-emitting layer) in the OLED panel50may be positioned almost identically or negligibly in front of the wiring layer (image forming element20a) in the forward-and-rearward direction. In such a configuration as well, it can be said that the illumination element is provided at the same position as that of the element layer.

By using the panel such as the OLED panel50as described above, it is possible to simultaneously obtain the functions of both the image forming element20aand the illumination element30. Since the element layer is configured to include not only the image forming element20abut also the illumination element30, the possibility that the imaging device1can be downsized (thinned or the like) is further increased accordingly.

In one embodiment, the image forming element20amay be formed over the plurality of light-transmitting regions51and the plurality of non-light-transmitting regions52in the OLED panel50. This will be described with reference toFIG.14.

In the example illustrated inFIG.14, the image forming element20ais a Fresnel zone plate formed over the plurality of light-transmitting regions51and the plurality of non-light-transmitting regions52in the OLED panel50. An overlapping region between the light-transmitting region in the Fresnel zone plate and the light-transmitting region51in the OLED panel50becomes a light-transmitting region in the image forming element20a. The non-light-transmitting region of the Fresnel zone plate and/or the non-light-transmitting region52of the OLED panel50become a non-light-transmitting region in the image forming element20a. Such an image forming element20acan also function as a Fresnel zone plate or a photon sieve. For example, by using the Fresnel zone plate as the image forming element20a, for example, light transmittance can be improved, and a brighter image can be obtained.

3. Application Example

Some applications of the imaging device1described above will be described with reference toFIGS.15to18.FIGS.15to18are diagrams illustrating examples of applications of the imaging device.

For example, the imaging device1may be mounted on various electronic devices and used. The imaging device1that can be downsized (thickness reduction, area reduction, and the like) is suitably mounted on, for example, a mobile terminal device or the like. Examples of the mobile terminal device include a smartphone, a tablet terminal, a laptop, and a wearable terminal (smart glasses or the like).

The electronic device illustrated inFIGS.15and16is a smartphone60. In the example illustrated inFIG.15, the imaging device1is mounted on the smartphone60so as to receive light from the front side of the smartphone60. For example, the display of the smartphone60includes an OLED panel, and the imaging device1is configured using the OLED panel as described above. The imaging device1functions as a fingerprint imaging device provided behind (immediately behind) the OLED.

For example, while the imaging device1is disposed at an end portion on the front side of the smartphone60like a front camera, almost the entire front surface of the smartphone60can be used as a display. It is also possible to dispose the imaging device1at any position such as a central portion of the display. In a case where the image forming element20ais, for example, a pinhole, a deep depth of field is obtained, so that not only the fingerprint can be imaged by close-up photography but also a distant subject can be imaged. The imaging device1can also be used as an imaging device for face authentication, gesture control, and the like. When the imaging device1is disposed at the center of the display, not only it is easy to place a finger for fingerprint authentication, but also there is an advantage that it is easy to perform gaze alignment when taking a selfie while looking at the display.

In the example illustrated inFIG.16, the imaging device1is mounted on the smartphone60so as to receive light from the back side of the smartphone60. The imaging device1is provided, for example, on the back side of the glass-coated surface, metal, or another material of the smartphone60. As a result, the imaging device1can be provided as a fingerprint imaging device by close-up photography without impairing texture or the like of the surface. A mark or the like may be provided to direct (guide) the finger to an appropriate position at the time of fingerprint authentication. An example of the mark is unevenness or the like provided on the back side of the smartphone60.

In the example illustrated inFIG.17, the imaging device1is mounted on smart glasses70. The imaging device1is provided in a side portion of the smart glasses70, a lower portion of the glass, or the like. The imaging device1, the image forming element20a, and the like can be hardly visible from the outside. The imaging device1can be used as a fingerprint imaging device by close-up photography, an imaging device for recognition of a surrounding environment, a gesture control sensor by non-contact, and the like.

The imaging device1may be provided in various objects other than an electronic device. In the example illustrated inFIG.18, the imaging device1is provided on a door80. An example of the door80is a front door, and in this case, the imaging device1is used as a fingerprint imaging device for unlocking. The imaging device1is provided on a part of a place covered with a material of the entire door80, in this example, on a door knob. It is noted that, in a case where the door80is an automatic door, a door knob is unnecessary, and the imaging device1is provided in another portion. It is also possible to obtain the door80made of a material having a uniform entire surface.

4. Application Example to Moving Body

The technology according to the present disclosure (present technology) can be applied to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be implemented as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as an automobile, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a personal mobility, an airplane, a drone, a ship, and a robot.

FIG.19is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a moving body control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.

The vehicle control system12000includes a plurality of electronic control units connected to each other via a communication network12001. In the example depicted in FIG.19, the vehicle control system12000includes a driving system control unit12010, a body system control unit12020, an outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030, an in-vehicle information detecting unit12040, and an integrated control unit12050. In addition, a microcomputer12051, a sound/image output section12052, and a vehicle-mounted network interface (I/F)12053are illustrated as a functional configuration of the integrated control unit12050.

The driving system control unit12010controls the operation of devices related to the driving system of the vehicle in accordance with various kinds of programs. For example, the driving system control unit12010functions as a control device for a driving force generating device for generating the driving force of the vehicle, such as an internal combustion engine, a driving motor, or the like, a driving force transmitting mechanism for transmitting the driving force to wheels, a steering mechanism for adjusting the steering angle of the vehicle, a braking device for generating the braking force of the vehicle, and the like.

The body system control unit12020controls the operation of various kinds of devices provided to a vehicle body in accordance with various kinds of programs. For example, the body system control unit12020functions as a control device for a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or various kinds of lamps such as a headlamp, a backup lamp, a brake lamp, a turn signal, a fog lamp, or the like. In this case, radio waves transmitted from a mobile device as an alternative to a key or signals of various kinds of switches can be input to the body system control unit12020. The body system control unit12020receives these input radio waves or signals, and controls a door lock device, the power window device, the lamps, or the like of the vehicle.

The outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030detects information about the outside of the vehicle including the vehicle control system12000. For example, the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030is connected with an imaging section12031. The outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030makes the imaging section12031image an image of the outside of the vehicle, and receives the imaged image. On the basis of the received image, the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030may perform processing of detecting an object such as a human, a vehicle, an obstacle, a sign, a character on a road surface, or the like, or processing of detecting a distance thereto.

The imaging section12031is an optical sensor (imaging element) that receives light, and which outputs an electric signal corresponding to a received light amount of the light. The imaging section12031can output the electric signal as an image, or can output the electric signal as information about a measured distance. In addition, the light received by the imaging section12031may be visible light, or may be invisible light such as infrared rays or the like.

The in-vehicle information detecting unit12040detects information about the inside of the vehicle. The in-vehicle information detecting unit12040is, for example, connected with a driver state detecting section12041that detects the state of a driver. The driver state detecting section12041, for example, includes a camera that images the driver. On the basis of detection information input from the driver state detecting section12041, the in-vehicle information detecting unit12040may calculate a degree of fatigue of the driver or a degree of concentration of the driver, or may determine whether the driver is dozing.

The microcomputer12051can calculate a control target value for the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, or the braking device on the basis of the information about the inside or outside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030or the in-vehicle information detecting unit12040, and output a control command to the driving system control unit12010. For example, the microcomputer12051can perform cooperative control intended to implement functions of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) which functions include collision avoidance or shock mitigation for the vehicle, following driving based on a following distance, vehicle speed maintaining driving, a warning of collision of the vehicle, a warning of deviation of the vehicle from a lane, or the like.

In addition, the microcomputer12051can perform cooperative control intended for automated driving, which makes the vehicle to travel automatedly without depending on the operation of the driver, or the like, by controlling the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, the braking device, or the like on the basis of the information about the outside or inside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030or the in-vehicle information detecting unit12040.

In addition, the microcomputer12051can output a control command to the body system control unit12020on the basis of the information about the outside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030. For example, the microcomputer12051can perform cooperative control intended to prevent a glare by controlling the headlamp so as to change from a high beam to a low beam, for example, in accordance with the position of a preceding vehicle or an oncoming vehicle detected by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit12030.

The sound/image output section12052transmits an output signal of at least one of a sound and an image to an output device capable of visually or auditorily notifying information to an occupant of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle. In the example ofFIG.19, an audio speaker12061, a display section12062, and an instrument panel12063are illustrated as the output device. The display section12062may, for example, include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display.

FIG.20is a diagram depicting an example of the installation position of the imaging section12031.

InFIG.20, the imaging section12031includes imaging sections12101,12102,12103,12104, and12105.

The imaging sections12101,12102,12103,12104, and12105are, for example, disposed at positions on a front nose, sideview mirrors, a rear bumper, and a back door of the vehicle12100as well as a position on an upper portion of a windshield within the interior of the vehicle. The imaging section12101provided to the front nose and the imaging section12105provided to the upper portion of the windshield within the interior of the vehicle obtain mainly an image of the front of the vehicle12100. The imaging sections12102and12103provided to the sideview mirrors obtain mainly an image of the sides of the vehicle12100. The imaging section12104provided to the rear bumper or the back door obtains mainly an image of the rear of the vehicle12100. The imaging section12105provided to the upper portion of the windshield within the interior of the vehicle is used mainly to detect a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, a signal, a traffic sign, a lane, or the like.

Incidentally,FIG.20depicts an example of photographing ranges of the imaging sections12101to12104. An imaging range12111represents the imaging range of the imaging section12101provided to the front nose. Imaging ranges12112and12113respectively represent the imaging ranges of the imaging sections12102and12103provided to the sideview mirrors. An imaging range12114represents the imaging range of the imaging section12104provided to the rear bumper or the back door. A bird's-eye image of the vehicle12100as viewed from above is obtained by superimposing image data imaged by the imaging sections12101to12104, for example.

At least one of the imaging sections12101to12104may have a function of obtaining distance information. For example, at least one of the imaging sections12101to12104may be a stereo camera constituted of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.

For example, the microcomputer12051can determine a distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges12111to12114and a temporal change in the distance (relative speed with respect to the vehicle12100) on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging sections12101to12104, and thereby extract, as a preceding vehicle, a nearest three-dimensional object in particular that is present on a traveling path of the vehicle12100and which travels in substantially the same direction as the vehicle12100at a predetermined speed (for example, equal to or more than 0 km/hour). Further, the microcomputer12051can set a following distance to be maintained in front of a preceding vehicle in advance, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control), automatic acceleration control (including following start control), or the like. It is thus possible to perform cooperative control intended for automated driving that makes the vehicle travel automatedly without depending on the operation of the driver or the like.

For example, the microcomputer12051can classify three-dimensional object data on three-dimensional objects into three-dimensional object data of a two-wheeled vehicle, a standard-sized vehicle, a large-sized vehicle, a pedestrian, a utility pole, and other three-dimensional objects on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging sections12101to12104, extract the classified three-dimensional object data, and use the extracted three-dimensional object data for automatic avoidance of an obstacle. For example, the microcomputer12051identifies obstacles around the vehicle12100as obstacles that the driver of the vehicle12100can recognize visually and obstacles that are difficult for the driver of the vehicle12100to recognize visually. Then, the microcomputer12051determines a collision risk indicating a risk of collision with each obstacle. In a situation in which the collision risk is equal to or higher than a set value and there is thus a possibility of collision, the microcomputer12051outputs a warning to the driver via the audio speaker12061or the display section12062, and performs forced deceleration or avoidance steering via the driving system control unit12010. The microcomputer12051can thereby assist in driving to avoid collision.

At least one of the imaging sections12101to12104may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays. The microcomputer12051can, for example, recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not there is a pedestrian in imaged images of the imaging sections12101to12104. Such recognition of a pedestrian is, for example, performed by a procedure of extracting characteristic points in the imaged images of the imaging sections12101to12104as infrared cameras and a procedure of determining whether or not it is the pedestrian by performing pattern matching processing on a series of characteristic points representing the contour of the object. When the microcomputer12051determines that there is a pedestrian in the imaged images of the imaging sections12101to12104, and thus recognizes the pedestrian, the sound/image output section12052controls the display section12062so that a square contour line for emphasis is displayed so as to be superimposed on the recognized pedestrian. The sound/image output section12052may also control the display section12062so that an icon or the like representing the pedestrian is displayed at a desired position.

An example of the vehicle control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described above. The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the imaging section12031among the configurations described above. By applying the technology according to the present disclosure to the imaging section12031, for example, a compact mounting of an imaging device on a system becomes possible.

5. Application Example to Endoscopic Surgery System

The technology according to the present disclosure (present technology) can be applied to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to an endoscopic surgery system.

FIG.21is a view depicting an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (present technology) can be applied.

InFIG.21, a state is illustrated in which a surgeon (medical doctor)11131is using an endoscopic surgery system11000to perform surgery for a patient11132on a patient bed11133. As depicted, the endoscopic surgery system11000includes an endoscope11100, other surgical tools11110such as a pneumoperitoneum tube11111and an energy treatment tool11112, a supporting arm apparatus11120which supports the endoscope11100thereon, and a cart11200on which various apparatus for endoscopic surgery are mounted.

The endoscope11100includes a lens barrel11101having a region of a predetermined length from a distal end thereof to be inserted into a body lumen of the patient11132, and a camera head11102connected to a proximal end of the lens barrel11101. In the example depicted, the endoscope11100is depicted which includes as a hard mirror having the lens barrel11101of the hard type. However, the endoscope11100may otherwise be included as a soft mirror having the lens barrel11101of the soft type.

The lens barrel11101has, at a distal end thereof, an opening in which an objective lens is fitted. A light source apparatus11203is connected to the endoscope11100such that light generated by the light source apparatus11203is introduced to a distal end of the lens barrel11101by a light guide extending in the inside of the lens barrel11101and is irradiated toward an observation target in a body lumen of the patient11132through the objective lens. It is to be noted that the endoscope11100may be a direct view mirror or may be a perspective view mirror or a side view mirror.

An optical system and an image pickup element are provided in the inside of the camera head11102such that reflected light (observation light) from the observation target is condensed on the image pickup element by the optical system. The observation light is photo-electrically converted by the image pickup element to generate an electric signal corresponding to the observation light, namely, an image signal corresponding to an observation image. The image signal is transmitted as RAW data to a CCU11201.

The CCU11201includes a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) or the like and integrally controls operation of the endoscope11100and a display apparatus11202. Further, the CCU11201receives an image signal from the camera head11102and performs, for the image signal, various image processes for displaying an image based on the image signal such as, for example, a development process (demosaic process).

The display apparatus11202displays thereon an image based on an image signal, for which the image processes have been performed by the CCU11201, under the control of the CCU11201.

The light source apparatus11203includes a light source such as, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) and supplies irradiation light upon imaging of a surgical region to the endoscope11100.

An inputting apparatus11204is an input interface for the endoscopic surgery system11000. A user can perform inputting of various kinds of information or instruction inputting to the endoscopic surgery system11000through the inputting apparatus11204. For example, the user would input an instruction or a like to change an image pickup condition (type of irradiation light, magnification, focal distance or the like) by the endoscope11100.

A treatment tool controlling apparatus11205controls driving of the energy treatment tool11112for cautery or incision of a tissue, sealing of a blood vessel or the like. A pneumoperitoneum apparatus11206feeds gas into a body lumen of the patient11132through the pneumoperitoneum tube11111to inflate the body lumen in order to secure the field of view of the endoscope11100and secure the working space for the surgeon. A recorder11207is an apparatus capable of recording various kinds of information relating to surgery. A printer11208is an apparatus capable of printing various kinds of information relating to surgery in various forms such as a text, an image or a graph.

It is to be noted that the light source apparatus11203which supplies irradiation light when a surgical region is to be imaged to the endoscope11100may include a white light source which includes, for example, an LED, a laser light source or a combination of them. Where a white light source includes a combination of red, green, and blue (RGB) laser light sources, since the output intensity and the output timing can be controlled with a high degree of accuracy for each color (each wavelength), adjustment of the white balance of a picked up image can be performed by the light source apparatus11203. Further, in this case, if laser beams from the respective RGB laser light sources are irradiated time-divisionally on an observation target and driving of the image pickup elements of the camera head11102are controlled in synchronism with the irradiation timings. Then images individually corresponding to the R, G and B colors can be also picked up time-divisionally. According to this method, a color image can be obtained even if color filters are not provided for the image pickup element.

Further, the light source apparatus11203may be controlled such that the intensity of light to be outputted is changed for each predetermined time. By controlling driving of the image pickup element of the camera head11102in synchronism with the timing of the change of the intensity of light to acquire images time-divisionally and synthesizing the images, an image of a high dynamic range free from underexposed blocked up shadows and overexposed highlights can be created.

Further, the light source apparatus11203may be configured to supply light of a predetermined wavelength band ready for special light observation. In special light observation, for example, by utilizing the wavelength dependency of absorption of light in a body tissue to irradiate light of a narrow band in comparison with irradiation light upon ordinary observation (namely, white light), narrow band observation (narrow band imaging) of imaging a predetermined tissue such as a blood vessel of a superficial portion of the mucous membrane or the like in a high contrast is performed. Alternatively, in special light observation, fluorescent observation for obtaining an image from fluorescent light generated by irradiation of excitation light may be performed. In fluorescent observation, it is possible to perform observation of fluorescent light from a body tissue by irradiating excitation light on the body tissue (autofluorescence observation) or to obtain a fluorescent light image by locally injecting a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) into a body tissue and irradiating excitation light corresponding to a fluorescent light wavelength of the reagent upon the body tissue. The light source apparatus11203can be configured to supply such narrow-band light and/or excitation light suitable for special light observation as described above.

FIG.22is a block diagram depicting an example of a functional configuration of the camera head11102and the CCU11201depicted inFIG.21.

The camera head11102includes a lens unit11401, an image pickup unit11402, a driving unit11403, a communication unit11404and a camera head controlling unit11405. The CCU11201includes a communication unit11411, an image processing unit11412and a control unit11413. The camera head11102and the CCU11201are connected for communication to each other by a transmission cable11400.

The lens unit11401is an optical system, provided at a connecting location to the lens barrel11101. Observation light taken in from a distal end of the lens barrel11101is guided to the camera head11102and introduced into the lens unit11401. The lens unit11401includes a combination of a plurality of lenses including a zoom lens and a focusing lens.

The number of image pickup elements which is included by the image pickup unit11402may be one (single-plate type) or a plural number (multi-plate type). Where the image pickup unit11402is configured as that of the multi-plate type, for example, image signals corresponding to respective R, G and B are generated by the image pickup elements, and the image signals may be synthesized to obtain a color image. The image pickup unit11402may also be configured so as to have a pair of image pickup elements for acquiring respective image signals for the right eye and the left eye ready for three dimensional (3D) display. If 3D display is performed, then the depth of a living body tissue in a surgical region can be comprehended more accurately by the surgeon11131. It is to be noted that, where the image pickup unit11402is configured as that of stereoscopic type, a plurality of systems of lens units11401are provided corresponding to the individual image pickup elements.

Further, the image pickup unit11402may not necessarily be provided on the camera head11102. For example, the image pickup unit11402may be provided immediately behind the objective lens in the inside of the lens barrel11101.

The driving unit11403includes an actuator and moves the zoom lens and the focusing lens of the lens unit11401by a predetermined distance along an optical axis under the control of the camera head controlling unit11405. Consequently, the magnification and the focal point of a picked up image by the image pickup unit11402can be adjusted suitably.

The communication unit11404includes a communication apparatus for transmitting and receiving various kinds of information to and from the CCU11201. The communication unit11404transmits an image signal acquired from the image pickup unit11402as RAW data to the CCU11201through the transmission cable11400.

In addition, the communication unit11404receives a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head11102from the CCU11201and supplies the control signal to the camera head controlling unit11405. The control signal includes information relating to image pickup conditions such as, for example, information that a frame rate of a picked up image is designated, information that an exposure value upon image picking up is designated and/or information that a magnification and a focal point of a picked up image are designated.

It is to be noted that the image pickup conditions such as the frame rate, exposure value, magnification or focal point may be designated by the user or may be set automatically by the control unit11413of the CCU11201on the basis of an acquired image signal. In the latter case, an auto exposure (AE) function, an auto focus (AF) function and an auto white balance (AWB) function are incorporated in the endoscope11100.

The camera head controlling unit11405controls driving of the camera head11102on the basis of a control signal from the CCU11201received through the communication unit11404.

The communication unit11411includes a communication apparatus for transmitting and receiving various kinds of information to and from the camera head11102. The communication unit11411receives an image signal transmitted thereto from the camera head11102through the transmission cable11400.

Further, the communication unit11411transmits a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head11102to the camera head11102. The image signal and the control signal can be transmitted by electrical communication, optical communication or the like.

The image processing unit11412performs various image processes for an image signal in the form of RAW data transmitted thereto from the camera head11102.

The control unit11413performs various kinds of control relating to image picking up of a surgical region or the like by the endoscope11100and display of a picked up image obtained by image picking up of the surgical region or the like. For example, the control unit11413creates a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head11102.

Further, the control unit11413controls, on the basis of an image signal for which image processes have been performed by the image processing unit11412, the display apparatus11202to display a picked up image in which the surgical region or the like is imaged. Thereupon, the control unit11413may recognize various objects in the picked up image using various image recognition technologies. For example, the control unit11413can recognize a surgical tool such as forceps, a particular living body region, bleeding, mist when the energy treatment tool11112is used and so forth by detecting the shape, color and so forth of edges of objects included in a picked up image. The control unit11413may cause, when it controls the display apparatus11202to display a picked up image, various kinds of surgery supporting information to be displayed in an overlapping manner with an image of the surgical region using a result of the recognition. Where surgery supporting information is displayed in an overlapping manner and presented to the surgeon11131, the burden on the surgeon11131can be reduced and the surgeon11131can proceed with the surgery with certainty.

The transmission cable11400which connects the camera head11102and the CCU11201to each other is an electric signal cable ready for communication of an electric signal, an optical fiber ready for optical communication or a composite cable ready for both of electrical and optical communications.

Here, while, in the example depicted, communication is performed by wired communication using the transmission cable11400, the communication between the camera head11102and the CCU11201may be performed by wireless communication.

An example of the endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described above. The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the image pickup unit11402of the camera head11102among the configurations described above. By applying the technology according to the present disclosure to the camera head11102, for example, a compact mounting of an imaging device on a system becomes possible.

It is noted that, here, the endoscopic surgery system has been described as an example, but the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to, for example, a microscopic surgery system or the like.

6. Example of Effects

For example, the imaging device1described above is specified as follows. As described with reference toFIGS.1to14and the like, the imaging device1includes the element layer20, the illumination element30, and the imaging element40. The element layer20includes the image forming element20a. The illumination element30is provided at the same position as that of the element layer20or behind the element layer20in the forward-and-rearward direction (Z-axis direction). The imaging element40is provided behind the image forming element20aand the illumination element30(on the Z-axis negative direction side). When viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction, the illumination element30is provided at a position different from that of the image forming element20a.

In the imaging device1described above, the illumination element30is provided at the same position as that of the element layer20or behind the element layer20in the forward-and-rearward direction. When viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction, the illumination element30is provided at a position different from that of the image forming element20a. As described above, by providing the illumination element30immediately after (immediately below) the element layer20and at a position different from that of the image forming element20a, the imaging device1can be downsized (thickness reduction, area reduction, and the like) as compared with, for example, a case in which the illumination element is provided in front of the element layer20.

As described with reference toFIGS.1and2and the like, the illumination element30may include the illumination element30positioned between the plurality of image forming elements20awhen viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction. For example, in this manner, the illumination element30can be efficiently disposed in the imaging device1.

As described with reference toFIGS.1and2and the like, the illumination element30is positioned behind the element layer20in the forward-and-rearward direction, the element layer20has the opening20bfor the illumination element30, and at least a part of the opening20bmay overlap at least a part of the corresponding illumination element30when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction. For example, in this manner, the subject2positioned in the front can be irradiated with light from the illumination element30.

As described with reference toFIGS.7and8and the like, the opening20bmay be smaller than the illumination element30when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction. The opening20bmay be a hole having a circular shape, the diameter of which is 50 μm or less, or a size substantially equal to the size of the circular shape. By providing such the small opening20b, a structure related to illumination, that is, the opening20band the illumination element30can be hardly visible when the imaging device1is viewed from the front. It is also possible to give a high texture to the front surface of the imaging device1.

As described with reference toFIGS.9to11and the like, the element layer20may have the plurality of openings20bcorresponding to one illumination element30. Therefore, the subject2can be irradiated with more light from the illumination element30. It is also possible to improve the illumination efficiency while maintaining the texture of the surface of the imaging device1. By devising the arrangement pattern of the plurality of openings20b, it is also possible to control (adjust or the like) directional control of the illumination.

As described with reference toFIGS.1and2and the like, the imaging device1may include a light shielding portion that shields light from the element layer20to the imaging element40. The light shielding portion may include a first light shielding wall (for example, the illumination substrate31) that is provided behind the illumination element30and shields light directed rearwards among the light from the illumination element, and a second light shielding wall (for example, the wall portion32) that is provided so as to surround the illumination element30when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction and shields light directed in the vertical and horizontal directions among the light from the illumination element30. By providing such a light shielding portion, leakage of the illumination to the imaging surface, that is, reflection of the illumination element30can be suppressed.

The image forming element20amay be at least one of a pinhole, a photon sieve, a microlens, and a Fresnel zone plate. By using such a thin type image forming element20a, the possibility that the imaging device1can be downsized is further increased.

The image forming element20amay include a hole, and the size of the hole may be a size of a circular shape having a diameter of 50 μm or less or a size substantially equal to the size of the circular shape. By using such a small hole as the image forming element20a, high-resolution imaging can be performed. Since the image forming element20abecomes hardly visible when the imaging device1is viewed from the front, it is also possible to hide the presence of the image forming element20a. Therefore, the texture of the imaging device1can also be enhanced.

As described with reference toFIGS.1and2and the like, the illumination element30may include a light emitting diode. As a result, for example, the imaging device1can be downsized as compared with a case in which a light guide plate or the like is used as the illumination element.

As described with reference toFIGS.12to14and the like, the element layer20may include a light emitting layer of a self-luminous panel (for example, the OLED panel50) having translucency and a wiring layer, and the image forming element20aand the illumination element30may be formed by the light-emitting layer and a wiring pattern of the wiring layer. Since the element layer20is configured to include not only the image forming element20abut also the illumination element30, the possibility that the imaging device1can be downsized is further increased accordingly.

As described with reference toFIG.14and the like, the image forming element20amay be an image forming element having, as a light-transmitting region, an overlapping region of a light-transmitting region of a Fresnel zone plate and a light-transmitting region of the self-luminous panel (for example, the OLED panel50). Such an image forming element20acan also function as a Fresnel zone plate or a photon sieve. The light transmittance can be improved, and as such, for example, a bright image can be obtained.

The imaging device1may be a fingerprint imaging device. Provided is a downsized fingerprint imaging device.

It is noted that the effects described in the present disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to the disclosed contents. There may be other effects.

Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments as it is, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present disclosure. In addition, components of different embodiments and modifications may be appropriately combined.

It is noted that the present technology can also have the following configurations.

(1) An imaging device comprising:

an element layer including an image forming element;an illumination element provided at the same position as a position of the element layer or behind the element layer in a forward-and-rearward direction; andan imaging element provided behind the image forming element and the illumination element, whereinthe illumination element is provided at a position different from a position of the image forming element when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction.
(2) The imaging device according to (1), whereinthe illumination element includes an illumination element positioned between a plurality of the image forming elements when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction.
(3) The imaging device according to (1) or (2), whereinthe illumination element is positioned behind the element layer in the forward-and-rearward direction,the element layer has an opening corresponding to the illumination element, andat least a part of the opening overlaps at least a part of the corresponding illumination element when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction.
(4) The imaging device according to (3), whereinthe opening is smaller than the illumination element when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction.
(5) The imaging device according to (4), whereinthe opening is a hole having a size of a circular shape, a diameter of which is 50 μm or less, or a size substantially equal to the size of the circular shape.
(6) The imaging device according to (4) or (5), whereinthe element layer has a plurality of the openings corresponding to the one illumination element.
(7) The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (6), further comprisinga light shielding portion configured to shield light from the illumination element to the imaging element.
(8) The imaging device according to (7), whereinthe light shielding portion includes:a first light shielding wall provided behind the illumination element and configured to shield light directed rearwards among the light from the illumination element; anda second light shielding wall provided so as to surround the illumination element when viewed from the forward-and-rearward direction and configured to shield light directed in vertical and horizontal directions among the light from the illumination element.
(9) The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (8), whereinthe image forming element is at least one of a pinhole, a photon sieve, a microlens, and a Fresnel zone plate.
(10) The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (9), whereinthe image forming element includes a hole, anda size of the hole is a size of a circular shape having a diameter of 50 μm or less or a size substantially equal to the size of the circular shape.
(11) The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (10), whereinthe illumination element includes a light emitting diode.
(12) The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (10), whereinthe element layer includes a light-emitting layer of a self-luminous panel having translucency and a wiring layer, andthe image forming element and the illumination element are formed by combining the light-emitting layer and a wiring pattern of the wiring layer.
(13) The imaging device according to (12), whereinthe image forming element is an image forming element having, as a light-transmitting region, an overlapping region of a light-transmitting region of a Fresnel zone plate and a light-transmitting region of the self-luminous panel.
(14) The imaging device according to (12) or (13), whereinthe self-luminous panel is an OLED panel.
(15) The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (14), whereinthe imaging device is a fingerprint imaging device.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

1IMAGING DEVICE10TRANSPARENT LAYER20ELEMENT LAYER20aIMAGE FORMING ELEMENT20bOPENING30ILLUMINATION ELEMENT31ILLUMINATION SUBSTRATE31aOPENING32WALL PORTION32aOPENING32bOPENING40IMAGING ELEMENT41IMAGING SUBSTRATE42WALL PORTION50OLED PANEL51LIGHT-TRANSMITTING REGION52NON-LIGHT-TRANSMITTING REGION60SMARTPHONE70SMART GLASSES80DOOR