Patent ID: 12231997

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments briefly summarized above will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. These descriptions are provided by way of example to explain the subject matter to those skilled in the art, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the subject matter to only the embodiments described herein. More specifically, examples are provided below that illustrate the operation of various embodiments according to the advantages discussed above.

In the following descriptions, the terms “UE” and “wireless device” are used interchangeably. Unless otherwise noted, a UE can be any type of wireless device capable of communicating with network node or another UE over radio signals. The UE can also be a radio communication device, target device, device to device (D2D) UE, machine-type UE, UE capable of machine-to-machine communication (M2M) or machine type communication (MTC), UE category narrow band 1 (NB1), UE category NB2, UE category M1, UE category M2, low-cost and/or low-complexity UE, a sensor equipped with UE, tablet, mobile terminal, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), etc.

In the following descriptions, the terms “network node” and “radio network node” are used interchangeably. Unless otherwise noted, a network node can be any type of base station, radio base station, base transceiver station, base station controller, network controller, RNC, evolved Node B (eNB), Node B, Multi-cell/multicast Coordination Entity (MCE), relay node, access point, radio access point, Remote Radio Unit (RRU) Remote Radio Head (RRH).

In the following descriptions, the term “physical channel” is used to describe a set of resource elements (REs) carrying information originating from higher layers, e.g., transport channel, RRC message, etc. Examples of downlink physical channels are Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH), Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH), Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH), MPDCCH, NPDCCH, NPDSCH, NPBCH etc. System information such as system information broadcast (SIB1bis) may also be transmitted over physical channel such as PDSCH, NPSDCH etc.

As briefly mentioned above, information flows for V2X UEs to register for certain ITS messages and to report geographical area information to the V2X AS are currently undefined. Furthermore, procedures for using the information flow messages to deliver ITS messages to registered V2X UEs in targeted geographical locations are also undefined.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure address these and other problems by establishing information flow and procedures for ITS message dissemination from V2X AS to V2X UEs in targeted geographical areas. Exemplary procedures can be triggered by a V2X UE that is interested in receiving certain ITS messages. The V2X UE can provide geographical location and/or area information to the VAE server. This information can be used by the VAE server to create a mapping between the geographical location and the identification of the V2X UE. The VAE server can also utilize this mapping for distributing ITS messages to targeted V2X UEs in a certain geographical area.

In some embodiments, the V2X UE can provide geographical location during the ITS message registration process. In some embodiments, the V2X UE can register for new ITS messages while updating the geographical area location. For instance, when moving to a new country, the location change might require registering for new ITS messages. In some embodiments, ITS messages can be delivered from V2X AS to V2X UEs over 3GPP Uu network interface. One advantage of these exemplary embodiments is a reduction in the number of transactions between the V2X UE and V2X AS.

The following text describes various exemplary embodiments of a procedure for V2X UE registration for receiving ITS messages. Such text can be included, e.g., in a 3GPP technical specification (TS) and/or technical report (TR).FIG.3shows an information flow diagram corresponding to the procedure for V2X UE registration.

X.1.1 General

This subclause describes the procedures for V2X UE to register for receiving ITS messages from the V2X AS. The process is triggered by the V2X UE who is interested in receiving certain ITS messages.

X.1.2 Information Flows

X.1.2.1 V2X UE Registration Request

Table X.1.2.1-1 describes the information flow for V2X UE to register for specific ITS messages at the VAE server.

TABLE X.1.2.1-1V2X UE registration requestInformation elementStatusDescriptionV2X UE IDMIdentifier of the V2X UEITS MSG Service IDMITS message types the V2X UE isinterested in receiving (e.g., DENM,CAM)
X.1.2.2 V2X AS Registration Response
Table X.1.2.2-1 describes the information flow for VAE server to respond for registration request from the V2X UE.

TABLE X.1.2.2-1V2X AS registration/de-registration responseInformation elementStatusDescriptionAckMAcknowledgment from the VAE server inresponse to registration request

X.1.3 Procedure

Pre-conditions: The V2X UE has discovered the V2X AS and is aware of the address of the V2X AS (e.g., FDQN).

1. As shown inFIG.3, the client sends a registration request to the VAE server.2. As shown inFIG.3, the VAE server sends an acknowledgement to the VAE client.

The following text describes various exemplary embodiments of a procedure for V2X UE unregistration from receiving one or more ITS messages (e.g., messages that the UE no longer desires to receive). Such text can be included, e.g., in a 3GPP technical specification (TS) and/or technical report (TR).FIG.4shows an information flow diagram corresponding to the procedure for V2X UE unregistration.

X.2.1 General

This subclause describes the procedures for V2X UE to unregister from receiving ITS messages from the V2X AS. The process is triggered by the V2X UE who is no longer interested in receiving certain ITS messages.

X.2.2 Information Flows

X.2.2.1 V2X UE Unregistration Request

Table X.2.2.1-1 describes the information flow for V2X UE to unregister from receiving specific ITS messages from the VAE server.

TABLE X.2.2.1-1V2X UE unregistration requestInformation elementStatusDescriptionV2X UE IDMIdentifier of the V2X UEITS MSG Service IDMITS message types the V2X UE is nolonger interested in receiving(e.g., DENM, CAM)
X.2.2.2 V2X AS Unregistration Response
Table X.2.2.2-1 describes the information flow for VAE server to respond for unregistration request from the V2X UE.

TABLE X.2.2.2-1V2X AS unregistration responseInformation elementStatusDescriptionAckMAcknowledgment from the VAE server inresponse to unregistration request

X.2.3 Procedure

Pre-conditions: The V2X UE has already registered with the V2X AS as described in subclause X.1.3.

1. As shown inFIG.4, the client sends an unregistration request to the VAE server.2. As shown inFIG.4, the VAE server sends an acknowledgement to the VAE client.

The following text describes various exemplary embodiments of a procedure for tracking geographical location of a V2X UE at a VAE server. Such text can be included, e.g., in a 3GPP technical specification (TS) and/or technical report (TR).FIG.5shows an information flow diagram corresponding to the procedure for tracking geographical location.

X.3.1 General

This subclause describes the procedures for tracking V2X UEs geographical location at the VAE server. The V2X UE provides geographical location/area information to the VAE server upon moving to a new geographical area. This information is used by the VAE server to create and update the mapping between the geographical location and the identification of the V2X UE.

X.3.2 Information Flows

X.3.2.1 V2X UE Geographical Area Subscription Request

Table X.3.2.1-1 describes the information flow for V2X UE to subscribe to a geographical area at the VAE server.

TABLE X.3.2.1-1V2X UE geographical area subscription requestInformation elementStatusDescriptionV2X UE IDMIdentifier of the V2X UEGEO IDMGeographical area identifier (e.g.,subscription URI, tile identifier, geo-fencetile identifier)
X.3.2.2 V2X AS Geographical Area Subscription Response
Table X.3.2.2-1 describes the information flow for VAE server to respond for geographical area subscription request from the V2X UE.

TABLE X.3.2.2-1V2X AS geographical area subscription responseInformation elementStatusDescriptionAckMAcknowledgment from the VAE server inresponse to subscription request
X.3.2.3 V2X UE Geographical Area Unsubscription Request
Table X.3.2.3-1 describes the information flow for V2X UE to unsubscribe from a geographical area at the VAE server.

TABLE X.3.2.3-1V2X UE geographical area unsubscription requestInformation elementStatusDescriptionV2X UE IDMIdentifier of the V2X UEGEO IDMGeographical area identifier (e.g.,subscription URI, tile identifier, geo-fencetile identifier)
X.3.2.2 V2X AS Geographical Area Subscription Response
Table X.3.2.4-1 describes the information flow for VAE server to respond for geographical area unsubscription request from the V2X UE.

TABLE X.3.2.4-1V2X AS geographical area unsubscription responseInformation elementStatusDescriptionAckMAcknowledgment from the VAE server inresponse to unsubscription request

X.3.3 Procedure

Pre-Conditions:

The VAE client has registered with the VAE server as described in subclause X.1.3.The VAE client has subscribed to a certain geographical area identifier group (GEO ID A) in order to receive ITS messages for this area.
The procedure shown inFIG.5includes:1. Upon entering a new geographical area, the client subscribes to the geographic area Geo ID B.2. The VAE server acknowledges the client subscribe request.3. The client unsubscribes from the old geographical area GEO ID A.4. The VAE server acknowledges the client un-subscribe request.5. The VAE server considers the new geographical area information GEO ID B with the client identification information V2X UD ID to create a mapping.

The following text describes various exemplary embodiments of a procedure for message delivery to target geographical areas from a VAE server. Such text can be included, e.g., in a 3GPP technical specification (TS) and/or technical report (TR).FIG.6shows an information flow diagram corresponding to the procedure for message delivery to target geographical areas from a VAE server.

X.4.1 General

This subclause describes the procedures for delivering ITS messages to registered V2X UEs at the VAE server in targeted geographical areas.

X.4.2 Procedure

Pre-condition: The VAE server has created a mapping between geographical location/area information and client identification as described in subclause X.3.3.

The procedure shown inFIG.6includes:

1. The application-specific server sends an ITS message ITS MSG ID (e.g., DENM, CAM) with target geographical locations GEO ID.2. The VAE server determines the client identification for the authorized clients in the target geographic locations using the mapping as specified in subclause X.3.3.3. The VAE server transmits the message to each VAE client using the client identification.4. The VAE client provides the ITS message to the application-specific client.

The following text describes various exemplary embodiments of a procedure for a V2X UE to provide geographical location information to a VAE server when registering for ITS messages. Such text can be included, e.g., in a 3GPP technical specification (TS) and/or technical report (TR). Although not shown, information flow diagrams for these exemplary embodiments can be similar to the exemplary flow diagrams shown inFIGS.3and4.

X.1.2 Information Flows

X.1.2.1 V2X UE Registration/De-Registration Request

Table X.1.2.1-1 shows the information flow for a V2X UE to register/de-register for specific ITS messages at the VAE server.

TABLE X.1.2.1-1V2X UE registration/de-registration requestInformation elementStatusDescriptionV2X UE IDMIdentifier of the V2X UE registering forreceiving ITS messagesGEO IDMGeographical area identifier (e.g.,subscription URI, tile identifier,geo-fence tile identifier)ITS MSG Service IDMITS message types the V2X UE isinterested in receiving (e.g., DENM,CAM)ITS MSG Service FlagMFlag to register/de-register for ITSmessage:1: Register2: De-register
Table X.1.2.1.2-1 describes the information flow for VAE server to respond for registration request from the V2X UE.

TABLE X.1.2.1-2V2X AS registration/de-registration responseInformation elementStatusDescriptionAckMAcknowledgment from the VAE server inresponse to registration/de-registrationrequest

The following text describes various exemplary embodiments of a procedure for a V2X UE to update ITS message groups or topics when moving to a new area. Such text can be included, e.g., in a 3GPP technical specification (TS) and/or technical report (TR).FIG.7shows an information flow diagram corresponding to the procedure for updating ITS message groups or topics when moving to a new area.

Pre-Conditions:

The VAE client has registered with the VAE server as described in subclause X.1.3.The VAE client has subscribed to a certain geographical area identifier group (GEO ID A) in order to receive ITS messages for this area.
The procedure shown inFIG.7includes:1. Upon entering a new geographical area, the client subscribes to receiving ITS messages from the geographic location/area information Geo ID B. The VAE client can utilize the V2X UE registration request to update the ITS message list by indicating the new ITS messages the UE is interested in receiving when moving to the new area.2. The VAE server acknowledges the client subscribe request.3. The client unsubscribes from the old geographical area GEO ID A to stop receiving ITS messages targeted for that area. The VAE client can utilize the V2X UE un-registration request to update the ITS message list by indicating ITS messages the UE is no longer interested in receiving when moving to the new area.4. The VAE server acknowledges the client un-subscribe request.5. The VAE server considers the new geographical area information GEO ID B with the client identification information V2X UD ID to create a mapping

FIG.8illustrates an exemplary method and/or procedure performed by a V2X application enabler (VAE) client in communication with a VAE server, in accordance with particular exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The VAE client can be part of a V2X user equipment (UE), such as a wireless device. Although the exemplary method and/or procedure is illustrated inFIG.8by blocks in a particular order, this order is exemplary and the operations corresponding to the blocks can be performed in different orders, and can be combined and/or divided into blocks having different functionality than shown inFIG.8. Furthermore, the exemplary method and/or procedure shown inFIG.8can be complementary to the exemplary method and/or procedure illustrated inFIG.9. In other words, exemplary methods and/or procedures shown inFIGS.8-9are capable of being used cooperatively to provide benefits, advantages, and/or solutions to problems described hereinabove. Optional blocks and/or operations are indicated by dashed lines.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can include the operations of block810, where the VAE client can send, to the VAE server, a first message comprising an identifier of the V2X UE and at least one of the following: identifiers of one or more first types of intelligent transportation system (ITS) messages, from the VAE server, to which the V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for receiving; and an identifier of a first geographic area that V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for association with the V2X UE at the VAE server. In some exemplary embodiments, the first message comprises the identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the first geographic area.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block820, where the VAE client can receive, from the VAE server, a second message indicating acknowledgement of a registration or an unregistration action requested in the first message. In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block830, where the VAE client can receive, from the VAE server, an ITS message corresponding to one of the first types of ITS messages to which the V2X client registered to receive. In some embodiments, the ITS message can be associated with the first geographic area.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block840, where the VAE client can send, to the VAE server, a third message comprising an identifier of a second geographic area and identifiers of one or more second types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the second geographic area. In such embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block850, where the VAE client can receive, from the VAE server, a fourth message indicating acknowledgement of the registration action identified in the third message. In some embodiments, at least one of the first types of messages is not included in the second types of messages.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block860, where the VAE client can send, to the VAE server, a fifth message comprising an identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to unregister for receiving with respect to the first geographic area. In such embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block870, where the VAE client can receive, from the VAE server, a sixth message indicating acknowledgement of the unregistration action identified in the fifth message.

FIG.9illustrates an exemplary method and/or procedure performed by a V2X application enabler (VAE) server in communication with a VAE client, in accordance with particular exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The VAE client can be part of a V2X user equipment (UE), such as a wireless device. Although the exemplary method and/or procedure is illustrated inFIG.9by blocks in a particular order, this order is exemplary and the operations corresponding to the blocks can be performed in different orders, and can be combined and/or divided into blocks having different functionality than shown inFIG.9. Furthermore, the exemplary method and/or procedure shown inFIG.9can be complementary to exemplary methods and/or procedures illustrated inFIG.8. In other words, exemplary methods and/or procedures shown inFIGS.8-9are capable of being used cooperatively to provide benefits, advantages, and/or solutions to problems described hereinabove. Optional blocks and/or operations are indicated by dashed lines.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can include the operations of block910, where the VAE server can receive, from the VAE client, a first message comprising an identifier of the V2X UE and at least one of the following: identifiers of one or more first types of intelligent transportation system (ITS) messages, from the VAE server, to which the V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for receiving; and an identifier of a first geographic area that V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for association with the V2X UE at the VAE server. In some exemplary embodiments, the first message comprises the identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the first geographic area.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block920, where the VAE server can perform a registration or an unregistration action identified in the first message. The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block930, where the VAE server can send, to the VAE client, a second message indicating acknowledgement of a registration or an unregistration action requested in the first message.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block940, where the VAE server can receive an intelligent transportation system (ITS) message from an V2X application-specific server, wherein the ITS message is associated with the following: a geographic region comprising the first geographic area, and one of the first types of ITS messages. Based on the V2X UE registration, the VAE server can identify the V2X UE as a target for the ITS message. In such embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block950, where the VAE server can send the ITS message to the VAE client.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block960, where the VAE server can receive, from the VAE client, a third message comprising an identifier of a second geographic area and identifiers of one or more second types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the second geographic area. In such embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block970, where the VAE server can send, to the VAE client, a fourth message indicating acknowledgement of the registration action identified in the third message. In some embodiments, at least one of the first types of messages is not included in the second types of messages.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block980, where the VAE server can receive, from the VAE client, a fifth message comprising an identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to unregister for receiving with respect to the first geographic area. In such embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations of block990, where the VAE server send, to the VAE client, a sixth message indicating acknowledgement of the unregistration action identified in the fifth message.

Although the subject matter described herein can be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wireless network, such as the example wireless network illustrated inFIG.10. For simplicity, the wireless network ofFIG.10only depicts network1006, network nodes1060and1060b, and WDs1010,1010b, and1010c. In practice, a wireless network can further include any additional elements suitable to support communication between wireless devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or end device. Of the illustrated components, network node1060and wireless device (WD)1010are depicted with additional detail. The wireless network can provide communication and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate the wireless devices' access to and/or use of the services provided by, or via, the wireless network.

The wireless network can comprise and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio network or other similar type of system. In some exemplary embodiments, the wireless network can be configured to operate according to specific standards or other types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, particular embodiments of the wireless network can implement communication standards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.

Network1006can comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet data networks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.

Network node1060and WD1010comprise various components described in more detail below. These components work together in order to provide network node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, the wireless network can comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that can facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.

As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the wireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to the wireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration) in the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations can be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and can then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station can be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node can also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station can also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).

Further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs. As another example, a network node can be a virtual network node as described in more detail below. More generally, however, network nodes can represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network.

InFIG.10, network node1060includes processing circuitry1070, device readable medium1080, interface1090, auxiliary equipment1084, power source1086, power circuitry1087, and antenna1062. Although network node1060illustrated in the example wireless network ofFIG.10can represent a device that includes the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments can comprise network nodes with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that a network node comprises any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods and/or procedures disclosed herein. Moreover, while the components of network node1060are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, a network node can comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g., device readable medium1080can comprise multiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAM modules).

Similarly, network node1060can be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which can each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which network node1060comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components can be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC can control multiple NodeB's. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, can in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some exemplary embodiments, network node1060can be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components can be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium1080for the different RATs) and some components can be reused (e.g., the same antenna1062can be shared by the RATs). Network node1060can also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node1060, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies can be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node1060.

Processing circuitry1070can be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry1070can include processing information obtained by processing circuitry1070by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of the processing making a determination.

Processing circuitry1070can comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node1060components, such as device readable medium1080, network node1060functionality. For example, processing circuitry1070can execute instructions stored in device readable medium1080or in memory within processing circuitry1070. Such functionality can include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some exemplary embodiments, processing circuitry1070can include a system on a chip (SOC).

In some exemplary embodiments, processing circuitry1070can include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry1072and baseband processing circuitry1074. In some exemplary embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry1072and baseband processing circuitry1074can be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry1072and baseband processing circuitry1074can be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or other such network device can be performed by processing circuitry1070executing instructions stored on device readable medium1080or memory within processing circuitry1070. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality can be provided by processing circuitry1070without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry1070can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry1070alone or to other components of network node1060, but are enjoyed by network node1060as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.

Device readable medium1080can comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that can be used by processing circuitry1070. Device readable medium1080can store any suitable instructions, data or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry1070and, utilized by network node1060. Device readable medium1080can be used to store any calculations made by processing circuitry1070and/or any data received via interface1090. In some exemplary embodiments, processing circuitry1070and device readable medium1080can be considered to be integrated.

Interface1090is used in the wired or wireless communication of signalling and/or data between network node1060, network1006, and/or WDs1010. As illustrated, interface1090comprises port(s)/terminal(s)1094to send and receive data, for example to and from network1006over a wired connection. Interface1090also includes radio front end circuitry1092that can be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna1062. Radio front end circuitry1092comprises filters1098and amplifiers1096. Radio front end circuitry1092can be connected to antenna1062and processing circuitry1070. Radio front end circuitry can be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna1062and processing circuitry1070. Radio front end circuitry1092can receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry1092can convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters1098and/or amplifiers1096. The radio signal can then be transmitted via antenna1062. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna1062can collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry1092. The digital data can be passed to processing circuitry1070. In other embodiments, the interface can comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.

In certain alternative embodiments, network node1060may not include separate radio front end circuitry1092, instead, processing circuitry1070can comprise radio front end circuitry and can be connected to antenna1062without separate radio front end circuitry1092. Similarly, in some exemplary embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry1072can be considered a part of interface1090. In still other embodiments, interface1090can include one or more ports or terminals1094, radio front end circuitry1092, and RF transceiver circuitry1072, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface1090can communicate with baseband processing circuitry1074, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

Antenna1062can include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna1062can be coupled to radio front end circuitry1090and can be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In some exemplary embodiments, antenna1062can comprise one or more omni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni-directional antenna can be used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sector antenna can be used to transmit/receive radio signals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna can be a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna can be referred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna1062can be separate from network node1060and can be connectable to network node1060through an interface or port.

Antenna1062, interface1090, and/or processing circuitry1070can be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals can be received from a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna1062, interface1090, and/or processing circuitry1070can be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals can be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment.

Power circuitry1087can comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry and can be configured to supply the components of network node1060with power for performing the functionality described herein. Power circuitry1087can receive power from power source1086. Power source1086and/or power circuitry1087can be configured to provide power to the various components of network node1060in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). Power source1086can either be included in, or external to, power circuitry1087and/or network node1060. For example, network node1060can be connectable to an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry1087. As a further example, power source1086can comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry1087. The battery can provide backup power should the external power source fail. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, can also be used.

Alternative embodiments of network node1060can include additional components beyond those shown inFIG.10that can be responsible for providing certain aspects of the network node's functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, network node1060can include user interface equipment to allow and/or facilitate input of information into network node1060and to allow and/or facilitate output of information from network node1060. This can allow and/or facilitate a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for network node1060.

As used herein, wireless device (WD) refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise noted, the term WD can be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE). Communicating wirelessly can involve transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through air. In some exemplary embodiments, a WD can be configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a WD can be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the network. Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless cameras, a gaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback appliance, a wearable terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), a laptop-mounted equipment (LME), a smart device, a wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE). a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, etc.

A WD can support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and can in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device. As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD can represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node. The WD can in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which can in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the WD can be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, a WD can represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above can represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device can be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD as described above can be mobile, in which case it can also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.

As illustrated, wireless device1010includes antenna1011, interface1010, processing circuitry1020, device readable medium1030, user interface equipment1032, auxiliary equipment1034, power source1036and power circuitry1037. WD1010can include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by WD1010, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wireless technologies can be integrated into the same or different chips or set of chips as other components within WD1010.

Antenna1011can include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface1010. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna1011can be separate from WD1010and be connectable to WD1010through an interface or port. Antenna1011, interface1010, and/or processing circuitry1020can be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data and/or signals can be received from a network node and/or another WD. In some exemplary embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna1011can be considered an interface.

As illustrated, interface1010can comprise radio front end circuitry1012and antenna1011. Radio front end circuitry1012can comprise one or more filters1018and amplifiers1016. Radio front end circuitry1012can be connected to antenna1011and processing circuitry1020, and can be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna1011and processing circuitry1020. Radio front end circuitry1012can be coupled to or a part of antenna1011. In some exemplary embodiments, WD1010may not include separate radio front end circuitry1012; rather, processing circuitry1020can comprise radio front end circuitry and can be connected to antenna1011. Similarly, in some exemplary embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry1022can be considered a part of interface1010. Radio front end circuitry1012can receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry1012can convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters1018and/or amplifiers1016. The radio signal can then be transmitted via antenna1011. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna1011can collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry1012. The digital data can be passed to processing circuitry1020. In other embodiments, the interface can comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.

Processing circuitry1020can comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other WD1010components, such as device readable medium1030, WD1010functionality. Such functionality can include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry1020can execute instructions stored in device readable medium1030or in memory within processing circuitry1020to provide the functionality disclosed herein.

As illustrated, processing circuitry1020includes one or more of RF transceiver circuitry1022, baseband processing circuitry1024, and application processing circuitry1026. In other embodiments, the processing circuitry can comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry1020of WD1010can comprise a SOC. In some exemplary embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry1022, baseband processing circuitry1024, and application processing circuitry1026can be on separate chips or sets of chips. In alternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry1024and application processing circuitry1026can be combined into one chip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry1022can be on a separate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry1022and baseband processing circuitry1024can be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processing circuitry1026can be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet other alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry1022, baseband processing circuitry1024, and application processing circuitry1026can be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In some exemplary embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry1022can be a part of interface1010. RF transceiver circuitry1022can condition RF signals for processing circuitry1020.

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by a WD can be provided by processing circuitry1020executing instructions stored on device readable medium1030, which in certain embodiments can be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality can be provided by processing circuitry1020without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry1020can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry1020alone or to other components of WD1010, but are enjoyed by WD1010as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.

Processing circuitry1020can be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, as performed by processing circuitry1020, can include processing information obtained by processing circuitry1020by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by WD1010, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of the processing making a determination.

Device readable medium1030can be operable to store a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry1020. Device readable medium1030can include computer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that can be used by processing circuitry1020. In some exemplary embodiments, processing circuitry1020and device readable medium1030can be considered to be integrated.

User interface equipment1032can include components that allow and/or facilitate a human user to interact with WD1010. Such interaction can be of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment1032can be operable to produce output to the user and to allow and/or facilitate the user to provide input to WD1010. The type of interaction can vary depending on the type of user interface equipment1032installed in WD1010. For example, if WD1010is a smart phone, the interaction can be via a touch screen; if WD1010is a smart meter, the interaction can be through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected). User interface equipment1032can include input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interface equipment1032can be configured to allow and/or facilitate input of information into WD1010, and is connected to processing circuitry1020to allow and/or facilitate processing circuitry1020to process the input information. User interface equipment1032can include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment1032is also configured to allow and/or facilitate output of information from WD1010, and to allow and/or facilitate processing circuitry1020to output information from WD1010. User interface equipment1032can include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of user interface equipment1032, WD1010can communicate with end users and/or the wireless network, and allow and/or facilitate them to benefit from the functionality described herein.

Auxiliary equipment1034is operable to provide more specific functionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This can comprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wired communications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary equipment1034can vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.

Power source1036can, in some exemplary embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or power cells, can also be used. WD1010can further comprise power circuitry1037for delivering power from power source1036to the various parts of WD1010which need power from power source1036to carry out any functionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry1037can in certain embodiments comprise power management circuitry. Power circuitry1037can additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in which case WD1010can be connectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power circuitry1037can also in certain embodiments be operable to deliver power from an external power source to power source1036. This can be, for example, for the charging of power source1036. Power circuitry1037can perform any converting or other modification to the power from power source1036to make it suitable for supply to the respective components of WD1010.

FIG.11illustrates one embodiment of a UE in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, a user equipment or UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE can represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE can represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which can be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter). UE11200can be any UE identified by the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a NB-IoT UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. UE1100, as illustrated inFIG.11, is one example of a WD configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 3GPP's GSM, UMTS, LTE, and/or 5G standards. As mentioned previously, the term WD and UE can be used interchangeable. Accordingly, althoughFIG.11is a UE, the components discussed herein are equally applicable to a WD, and vice-versa.

InFIG.11, UE1100includes processing circuitry1101that is operatively coupled to input/output interface1105, radio frequency (RF) interface1109, network connection interface1111, memory1115including random access memory (RAM)1117, read-only memory (ROM)1119, and storage medium1121or the like, communication subsystem1131, power source1133, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof. Storage medium1121includes operating system1123, application program1125, and data1127. In other embodiments, storage medium1121can include other similar types of information. Certain UEs can utilize all of the components shown inFIG.11, or only a subset of the components. The level of integration between the components can vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs can contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

InFIG.11, processing circuitry1101can be configured to process computer instructions and data. Processing circuitry1101can be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry1101can include two central processing units (CPUs). Data can be information in a form suitable for use by a computer. In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface1105can be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device. UE1100can be configured to use an output device via input/output interface1105. An output device can use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port can be used to provide input to and output from UE1100. The output device can be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. UE1100can be configured to use an input device via input/output interface1105to allow and/or facilitate a user to capture information into UE1100. The input device can include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display can include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor can be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device can be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor.

InFIG.11, RF interface1109can be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, a receiver, and an antenna. Network connection interface1111can be configured to provide a communication interface to network1143a. Network1143acan encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network1143acan comprise a Wi-Fi network. Network connection interface1111can be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more other devices over a communication network according to one or more communication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, or the like. Network connection interface1111can implement receiver and transmitter functionality appropriate to the communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter and receiver functions can share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively can be implemented separately.

RAM1117can be configured to interface via bus1102to processing circuitry1101to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM1119can be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry1101. For example, ROM1119can be configured to store invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory.

Storage medium1121can be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives. In one example, storage medium1121can be configured to include operating system1123, application program1125such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application, and data file1127. Storage medium1121can store, for use by UE1100, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

Storage medium1121can be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storage medium1121can allow and/or facilitate UE1100to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system can be tangibly embodied in storage medium1121, which can comprise a device readable medium.

InFIG.11, processing circuitry1101can be configured to communicate with network1143busing communication subsystem1131. Network1143aand network1143bcan be the same network or networks or different network or networks. Communication subsystem1131can be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with network1143b. For example, communication subsystem1131can be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication such as another WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN) according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.11, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver can include transmitter1133and/or receiver1135to implement transmitter or receiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links (e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Further, transmitter1133and receiver1135of each transceiver can share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively can be implemented separately.

In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of communication subsystem1131can include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, communication subsystem1131can include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. Network1143bcan encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network1143bcan be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-field network. Power source11131can be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE1100.

The features, benefits and/or functions described herein can be implemented in one of the components of UE1100or partitioned across multiple components of UE1100. Further, the features, benefits, and/or functions described herein can be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem1131can be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, processing circuitry1101can be configured to communicate with any of such components over bus1102. In another example, any of such components can be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry1101perform the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any of such components can be partitioned between processing circuitry1101and communication subsystem1131. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components can be implemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensive functions can be implemented in hardware.

FIG.12is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment1200in which functions implemented by some exemplary embodiments can be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which can include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to a node (e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) or to a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device or any other type of communication device) or components thereof and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines or containers executing on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks).

In some exemplary embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein can be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments1200hosted by one or more of hardware nodes1230. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node can be entirely virtualized.

The functions can be implemented by one or more applications1220(which can alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications1220are run in virtualization environment1200which provides hardware1230comprising processing circuitry1260and memory1290. Memory1290contains instructions1295executable by processing circuitry1260whereby application1220is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.

Virtualization environment1200, comprises general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices1230comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry1260, which can be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device can comprise memory1290-1which can be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions1295or software executed by processing circuitry1260. Each hardware device can comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs)1270, also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface1280. Each hardware device can also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media1290-2having stored therein software1295and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry1260. Software1295can include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers1250(also referred to as hypervisors), software to execute virtual machines1240as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some exemplary embodiments described herein.

Virtual machines1240, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and can be run by a corresponding virtualization layer1250or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance1220can be implemented on one or more of virtual machines1240, and the implementations can be made in different ways.

During operation, processing circuitry1260executes software1295to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer1250, which can sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Virtualization layer1250can present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine1240.

As shown inFIG.12, hardware1230can be a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware1230can comprise antenna12225and can implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware1230can be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE)) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration (MANO)12100, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications1220.

Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.

In the context of NFV, virtual machine1240can be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtual machines1240, and that part of hardware1230that executes that virtual machine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/or hardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtual machines1240, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).

Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more virtual machines1240on top of hardware networking infrastructure1230and corresponds to application1220inFIG.12.

In some exemplary embodiments, one or more radio units12200that each include one or more transmitters12220and one or more receivers12210can be coupled to one or more antennas12225. Radio units12200can communicate directly with hardware nodes1230via one or more appropriate network interfaces and can be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.

In some exemplary embodiments, some signalling can be effected with the use of control system12230which can alternatively be used for communication between the hardware nodes1230and radio units12200.

With referenceFIG.11, in accordance with an embodiment, a communication system includes telecommunication network1110, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises access network1111, such as a radio access network, and core network1112. Access network1111comprises a plurality of base stations1112a,1112b,1112c, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area1111a,1111b,1111c. Each base station1112a,1112b,1112cis connectable to core network1112over a wired or wireless connection1115. A first UE1191located in coverage area1111ccan be configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station1112c. A second UE1192in coverage area1111ais wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station1112a. While a plurality of UEs1191,1192are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station1112.

Telecommunication network1110is itself connected to host computer1130, which can be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm. Host computer1130can be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or can be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections1121and1122between telecommunication network1110and host computer1130can extend directly from core network1112to host computer1130or can go via an optional intermediate network1120. Intermediate network1120can be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network1120, if any, can be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network1120can comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

The communication system ofFIG.11as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs1191,1192and host computer1130. The connectivity can be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection1150. Host computer1130and the connected UEs1191,1192are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via OTT connection1150, using access network1111, core network1112, any intermediate network1120and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. OTT connection1150can be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which OTT connection1150passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, base station1112may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from host computer1130to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE1191. Similarly, base station1112need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE1191towards the host computer1130.

Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE, base station and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference toFIG.12. In communication system1200, host computer1210comprises hardware1215including communication interface1216configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system1200. Host computer1210further comprises processing circuitry1218, which can have storage and/or processing capabilities. In particular, processing circuitry1218can comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Host computer1210further comprises software1211, which is stored in or accessible by host computer1210and executable by processing circuitry1218. Software1211includes host application1212. Host application1212can be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as UE1230connecting via OTT connection1250terminating at UE1230and host computer1210. In providing the service to the remote user, host application1212can provide user data which is transmitted using OTT connection1250.

Communication system1200can also include base station1220provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware1225enabling it to communicate with host computer1210and with UE1230. Hardware1225can include communication interface1226for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system1200, as well as radio interface1227for setting up and maintaining at least wireless connection1270with UE1230located in a coverage area (not shown inFIG.12) served by base station1220. Communication interface1226can be configured to facilitate connection1260to host computer1210. Connection1260can be direct or it can pass through a core network (not shown inFIG.12) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In the embodiment shown, hardware1225of base station1220can also include processing circuitry1228, which can comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Base station1220further has software1221stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

Communication system1200can also include UE1230already referred to. Its hardware1235can include radio interface1237configured to set up and maintain wireless connection1270with a base station serving a coverage area in which UE1230is currently located. Hardware1235of UE1230can also include processing circuitry1238, which can comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. UE1230further comprises software1231, which is stored in or accessible by UE1230and executable by processing circuitry1238. Software1231includes client application1232. Client application1232can be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE1230, with the support of host computer1210. In host computer1210, an executing host application1212can communicate with the executing client application1232via OTT connection1250terminating at UE1230and host computer1210. In providing the service to the user, client application1232can receive request data from host application1212and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection1250can transfer both the request data and the user data. Client application1232can interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.

It is noted that host computer1210, base station1220and UE1230illustrated inFIG.12can be similar or identical to host computer1530, one of base stations1512a,1512b,1512cand one of UEs1591,1592ofFIG.15, respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entities can be as shown inFIG.12and independently, the surrounding network topology can be that ofFIG.15.

InFIG.12, OTT connection1250has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between host computer1210and UE1230via base station1220, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices. Network infrastructure can determine the routing, which it can be configured to hide from UE1230or from the service provider operating host computer1210, or both. While OTT connection1250is active, the network infrastructure can further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of the network).

Wireless connection1270between UE1230and base station1220is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE1230using OTT connection1250, in which wireless connection1270forms the last segment. More precisely, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein improve transmission and reception of sounding reference signals (SRS) that are used to acquire channel state information (CSI) for uplink and, optionally, downlink channels. Such CSI is essential for proper configuration of VL-MIMO solutions that are known to provide benefits including, but not limited to: increased data rate and/or throughput on downlink or uplink; increased coverage at a given data rate; reduced latency in transmission, reception, and/or processing of data; increased capacity in terms of the number of users in a geographic area who can access and/or utilize a particular service via the wireless network.

A measurement procedure can be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other network operational aspects on which the one or more embodiments improve. There can further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection1250between host computer1210and UE1230, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection1250can be implemented in software1211and hardware1215of host computer1210or in software1231and hardware1235of UE1230, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) can be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which OTT connection1250passes; the sensors can participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software1211,1231can compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection1250can include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station1220, and it can be unknown or imperceptible to base station1220. Such procedures and functionalities can be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements can involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer1210's measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements can be implemented in that software1211and1231causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTT connection1250while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.

FIG.15is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedure implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which, in some exemplary embodiments, can be those described with reference toFIGS.12-15d. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.15will be included in this section. In step1510, the host computer provides user data. In substep1511(which can be optional) of step1510, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step1520, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step1530(which can be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step1540(which can also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

FIG.16is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedure implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which can be those described with reference toFIGS.12-16. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.16will be included in this section. In step1610of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional substep (not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step1620, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission can pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step1630(which can be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

FIG.17is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedure implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which can be those described with reference toFIGS.10-12. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.17will be included in this section. In step1710(which can be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step1720, the UE provides user data. In substep1721(which can be optional) of step1720, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In substep1711(which can be optional) of step1710, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application can further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE initiates, in substep1730(which can be optional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step1740of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

FIG.18is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedure implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which can be those described with reference toFIGS.10-12. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references toFIG.18will be included in this section. In step1810(which can be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step1820(which can be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step1830(which can be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

The term unit can have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and can include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.

As used herein unless expressly stated to the contrary, the phrases “at least one of” and “one or more of,” followed by a conjunctive list of enumerated items (e.g., “A and B”, “A, B, and C”), are intended to mean “at least one item, with each item selected from the list consisting of” the enumerated items. For example, “at least one of A and B” is intended to mean any of the following: A; B; A and B. Likewise, “one or more of A, B, and C” is intended to mean any of the following: A; B; C; A and B; B and C; A and C; A, B, and C. As used herein unless expressly stated to the contrary, the phrase “a plurality of” followed by a conjunctive list of enumerated items (e.g., “A and B”, “A, B, and C”) is intended to mean “multiple items, with each item selected from the list consisting of” the enumerated items. For example, “a plurality of A and B” is intended to mean any of the following: more than one A; more than one B; or at least one A and at least one B.

CLAUSES

1. A method performed by a V2X application enabler (VAE) client, of a V2X user equipment (UE), in communication with a VAE server, the method comprising:Sending, to the VAE server, a first message comprising an identifier of the V2X UE and at least one of the following:i. identifiers of one or more first types of intelligent transportation system (ITS) messages, from the VAE server, to which the V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for receiving;ii. an identifier of a first geographic area that V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for association with the V2X UE at the VAE server;receiving, from the VAE server, a second message indicating acknowledgement of a registration or an unregistration action requested in the first message.2. The method of clause 1, wherein the first message comprises the identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the first geographic area.3. The method of any of clauses 1-2, further comprising receiving, from the VAE server, an ITS message corresponding to one of the first types of ITS messages to which the V2X client registered to receive.4. The method of clause 3, wherein the ITS message is associated with the first geographic area.5. The method of any of clauses 2-4, further comprising sending, to the VAE server, a third message comprising an identifier of a second geographic area and identifiers of one or more second types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the second geographic area.6. The method of clause 5, further comprising receiving, from the VAE server, a fourth message indicating acknowledgement of the registration action identified in the third message.7. The method of clauses 2-5, further comprising sending, to the VAE server, a fifth message comprising an identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to unregister for receiving with respect to the first geographic area.8. The method of clause 7, further comprising receiving, from the VAE server, a sixth message indicating acknowledgement of the unregistration action identified in the fifth message.9. The method of any of clauses 5-6, wherein at least one of the first types of messages is not included in the second types of messages.10. A method performed by a V2X application enabler (VAE) server in communication with of a VAE client of a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:receiving, from the VAE client, a first message comprising an identifier of the V2X UE and at least one of the following:i. identifiers of one or more first types of intelligent transportation system (ITS) messages, from the VAE server, to which the V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for receiving;ii. an identifier of a first geographic area that V2X UE wishes to register or unregister for association with the V2X UE at the VAE server;performing a registration or an unregistration action identified in the first message; andsending, to the VAE client, a second message indicating acknowledgement of the registration or unregistration action.11. The method of clause 10, wherein the first message comprises the identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the first geographic area.12. The method of any of clauses 10-11, further comprising sending, to the VAE client, an ITS message corresponding to one of the first types of ITS messages to which the V2X client registered to receive.13. The method of clause 12, further comprising, prior to sending the ITS message:Receiving the ITS message from an V2X application-specific server, wherein the ITS message is associated with the following: a geographic region comprising the first geographic area, and one of the first types of ITS messages; andBased on the V2X UE registration, identifying the V2X UE as a target for the ITS message.14. The method of any of clauses 11-13, further comprising receiving, from the VAE client, a third message comprising an identifier of a second geographic area and identifiers of one or more second types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to register for receiving with respect to the second geographic area.15. The method of clause 14, wherein at least one of the first types of messages is not included in the second types of messages.16. The method of any of clauses 14-15, further comprising:performing the registration identified in the third message; andsending, to the VAE client, a fourth message indicating acknowledgement of the registration identified in the third message.17. The method of clauses 11-16, further comprising receiving, from the VAE client, a fifth message comprising an identifier of the first geographic area and identifiers of the first types of ITS messages that the V2X UE wishes to unregister for receiving with respect to the first geographic area.18. The method of clause 17, further comprising:performing the registration identified in the fifth message; andsending, to the VAE client, a sixth message indicating acknowledgement of the unregistration identified in the fifth message.19. A wireless device comprising:processing circuitry configured to perform operations corresponding to any of the methods of clauses 1-9; andpower supply circuitry configured to supply power to the wireless device.20. An application server comprising:processing circuitry configured to perform operations corresponding to any of the methods of clauses 10-18;power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the application server.21. A user equipment (UE) comprising:an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals;radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry;the processing circuitry being configured to perform operations corresponding to any of the methods of clauses 1-9;an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry;an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; anda battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.22. A communication system, including:a host computer comprising:processing circuitry configured to provide user data; anda communication interface configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE);a base station having a radio interface and processing circuitry configured to communicate with the UE; anda UE comprising processing circuitry configured to perform operations corresponding to any of the methods of clauses 1-9.23. The communication system of clause 22, wherein:the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; andthe UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.24. The communication system of any of clauses 22-23, wherein the host computer comprises a V2X application enabler (VAE) server comprising processing circuitry configured to perform operations corresponding to any of clauses 10-18.25. A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:at the host computer, providing user data; andat the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station;at the UE, performing operations corresponding to any of clauses 1-9.26. The method of clause 25, further comprising, at the base station, transmitting the user data.27. The method of any of clauses 25-26, wherein the user data is provided at the host computer by executing a host application, the method further comprising, at the UE, executing a client application associated with the host application.28. The method of any of clauses 25-27, further comprising, at the host computer, performing operations corresponding to any of clauses 10-18.29. A communication system including:a host computer comprising communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base stationa UE comprising a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE's processing circuitry configured to perform operations corresponding to any of the methods of clauses 1-9.30. The communication system of clause 29, further including the base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the UE to the base station.31. The communication system of any of clauses 29-30, wherein:the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; andthe UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data.32. The communication system of any of clauses 29-31, wherein:the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing request data; andthe UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data in response to the request data.33. The communication system of any of clauses 29-32, wherein the host computer comprises a V2X application enabler (VAE) server comprising processing circuitry configured to perform operations corresponding to any of clauses 10-18.34. A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the base station from the UE, wherein the UE performs operations corresponding to any of the methods of clauses 1-9.35. The method of clause 34, further comprising, at the UE, providing the user data to the base station.36. The method of any of clauses 34-35, further comprising:at the UE, executing a client application, thereby providing the user data to be transmitted; andat the host computer, executing a host application associated with the client application.37. The method of any of clauses 34-36, further comprising:at the UE, executing a client application; andat the UE, receiving input data to the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application,wherein the user data to be transmitted is provided by the client application in response to the input data.38. A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission which the base station has received from the UE, clauses the UE performs operations corresponding to any of the methods of clauses 1-9.39. The method of clause 38, further comprising at the base station, receiving the user data from the UE.40. The method of any of clauses 38-39, further comprising at the base station, initiating a transmission of the received user data to the host computer.