Patent ID: 12214411

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In at least one embodiment, as depicted inFIG.1the Fast Change Fold-A-Way Cross Bow Swing Arm Multiple Die Tubing Bender is identified by reference numeral10. (Hereinafter referred to as tubing bender10)

Tubing bender10in some embodiments includes a removable quick change cross bow bar support12having a plurality of replaceable die heads14and replaceable and repositionable die heads16. The tubing bender10also includes a frame18, a slide rod20which is repositionable relative to the frame18, and a handle22pivotally engaged to both of the frame18and slide rod20. The tubing bender10also includes a first support bracket24, a second support bracket26and a bending mandrel28.

In at least one embodiment the first support bracket24includes a vertical portion30and a horizontal portion32. The vertical portion30also includes a first bracket vertical receiving aperture34which may be square or rectangular in shape. The first bracket vertical receiving aperture34slidably and releasably receives the forward end of the slide rod20, which will have the same shape as the first bracket vertical receiving aperture34.

The vertical portion30also includes a threaded first bracket horizontal affixation aperture38which is normal relative to, and is in communication with the first bracket vertical receiving aperture34. Following the insertion of the forward end of slide rod20into the first bracket vertical receiving aperture34, a releasable affixation member36, which in one embodiment may be a wingnut, may be inserted into the threaded first bracket horizontal affixation aperture38and tightened, establishing a pressure contact with the exterior surface of the forward end of slide rod20.

In at least one embodiment the horizontal portion32, at the forward end, includes a centrally disposed threaded first bracket vertical affixation aperture40. Another releasable affixation member36, which in one embodiment may be a wingnut, may pass through the first bracket vertical affixation aperture40of the central portion42to releasably secure the cross bow bar support12to the horizontal portion32.

In at least one embodiment the frame18, at the forward end includes a frame notch44. The frame notch44includes a centrally disposed threaded second bracket vertical affixation aperture46which preferably receives another releasable affixation member36, which in one embodiment may be a wingnut, which releasably secures the second support bracket26to the frame notch44and frame18. The affixation member36is preferably disposed below and underneath the frame notch44and frame18and passes upwardly through the second bracket vertical affixation aperture46, and a second bracket vertical attachment aperture48, to releasably secure the second support bracket26to the frame notch44and the frame18.

The affixation members36preferably enable an individual to quickly remove and/or reassemble the respective affixation members36from each of the first bracket horizontal affixation aperture38, second bracket vertical affixation aperture46and second bracket vertical attachment aperture48, in order to separate or attach the first support bracket24from/to the slide rod20, the cross bow bar support12from/to the horizontal portion32and the second support bracket26from/to the frame notch44and frame18.

In at least one embodiment, the cross bow bar support12has a centerline and has a first side50and a second side52and a recessed bridge112there between. The centerline bisects the recessed bridge112. In a reverse bending configuration, proximate to the distal end of the first side50, a first die head14extends normally away from the cross bow bar support12in a downward direction. In addition, proximate to the distal end of the second side52, a second die head14extends normally away from the cross bow bar support12in a downward direction. Each of the first and second die heads14are preferably releasably secured to the respective first side50and second side52by a die head attachment54. In one embodiment the die head attachment54includes a knurled grasping end, a smooth portion adjacent to the knurled grasping end and a threaded portion adjacent to the smooth portion opposite to the knurled grasping end, where the threaded portion is used to releasably secure the respective die head14to the cross bow bar support12.

In one embodiment, the cross bow bar support12includes a longitudinal axis depicted by line56. During use in bending pipe, tubing or conduit, each of the respective die heads14freely revolve in either a clockwise or a counter clockwise direction about a die head axis58, as represented by arrow60. Die head axis58is preferably in a direction normal to the longitudinal axis56extending downwardly therefrom in a first pipe bending direction or configuration. For convenience, the first pipe bending direction or configuration will be referred to as a reverse pipe bend configuration. In the reverse pipe bend configuration the distal ends of the pipe are bent in a direction away from an individual grasping the handle22until such time as a desired bend angle is achieved upon a pipe as required for a particular application.

In one embodiment, each of the die heads14include two opposite faces, each opposite face having a desired arcuate radius for a concave pipe receiving recess62. It should be noted that the arcuate radius for a pipe receiving recess62is identical to the arcuate radius pipe receiving recess62on one face of the other die head14. The matching pipe receiving recess62for each of the two die heads14is used as a working pair during the bending of pipe. In addition, each of the die heads14is located an equal distance dimension from the centerline of cross bow bar support12to facilitate the provision of an equal bending radius to be formed into a pipe92during the pipe bending procedure. It is not required that the arcuate radius for a pipe receiving recess62to be identical to the arcuate radius on the opposite face on the same die head14. However, both of the paired die heads14should have the same arcuate radius on each of the opposite faces, for use as working pairs during the bending of pipe.

In at least one alternative embodiment, if a different sized arcuate radius for the two pipe receiving recess62's of the two die heads14is desired, for bending pipe having a larger or smaller diameter, then an individual may release the die head attachments54and replace the die heads14with substitute die heads14having the desired arcuate radius for the working pairs of the pipe receiving recess62.

In a preferred embodiment the die heads14are interchangeable and/or replaceable in matched working pairs. It should be noted that the die heads14have a first or a single degree of revolution about the die head axis58as provided by the die head attachment54.

In some embodiments the cross bow bar support12includes a plurality of die heads14releasably engaged to the cross bow bar support12, the die heads14having a degree of revolution relative to the cross bow bar support12. The cross bow bar support also includes a plurality of repositionable die heads16which are releasably engaged to the cross bow bar support. It is anticipated that 1, 2, 3, 4 or more die heads14may releasably engaged to the cross bow bar support12. It is also anticipated that 1, 2, 3, 4 or more repositionable die heads16may releasably engaged to the cross bow bar support12.

Each of the die heads14and the repositionable die heads16have a degree of revolution relative to the cross bow bar support12. The repositionable die heads16also have a degree of rotation relative to the cross bow bar support12.

Each of the die heads14and repositionable die heads16have at least one pipe receiving recess62having a radius dimension. The radius dimension between the pipe receiving recesses62may be identical or different depending upon a required application or project.

In alternative embodiments the interchangeable die heads14preferably have a plurality of opposite faces. The interchangeable die heads14are shown in the figures as having two opposing faces. In other embodiments, the interchangeable die heads14may have between three and ten opposing faces as required for bending pipe. One of the opposite faces for each of the interchangeable die heads14includes a matching pipe receiving recess62, designed to receive a specific size of pipe. The other of the opposite faces for each of the interchangeable die heads14includes a matching pipe receiving recess to receive a different size of pipe.

In alternative embodiments, each of the interchangeable repositionable die heads16preferably has a plurality of opposite faces. The interchangeable repositionable die heads16are shown in the figures as having two opposing faces. In other embodiments, the interchangeable repositionable die heads16may have between three and ten opposing faces as required for bending pipe. One of the opposite faces for each of the interchangeable repositionable die heads16includes a matching pipe receiving recess62to receive a specific smaller size of pipe. The other of the opposite faces for each of the interchangeable repositionable die heads16include a matching pipe receiving recess to receive a different smaller size of pipe.

The cross bow bar support12provides flexibility in that an individual may select working pairs of either the interchangeable die heads14or the interchangeable repositionable die heads16to replace an existing working pair of interchangeable die heads14or the interchangeable repositionable die heads16, in order to bend a different sized diameter pipe as required by a particular project.

In addition, the pipe bending device may be quickly and easily converted from a forward bending configuration into a rearward bending configuration as described herein.

In an alternative embodiment, the cross bow bar support12includes a plurality of repositionable die heads16. Each repositionable die head16is positioned between a respective die head14and the recessed bridge112of the cross bow bar support12. Each repositionable die head16is independently repositionable in either a vertically downward or vertically upward direction relative to the longitudinal axis56, as depicted by arrow70, viewingFIG.1from the right to the left. The degree of upward or downward rotation for the repositionable die heads16may be as large as 160 degrees. In a fully downward position, in the reverse bending configuration, the repositionable die heads16will be aligned relative to, an adjacent die head14, establishing an operative configuration. In the fully downward position the axis of revolution68of the repositionable die heads16will be substantially perpendicular relative to the longitudinal axis56of the cross bow bar support12. The downward rotation of the repositionable die heads16does not permit the displacement beyond a normal or perpendicular position relative to the cross bow bar support12and longitudinal axis56.

In addition, each of the repositionable die heads16is located an equal distance dimension from the centerline of cross bow bar support12, to facilitate the provision of an equal bending radius to be formed into a pipe92during the pipe bending procedures. The repositionable die heads16are preferably used during the bending of pipe92having a smaller diameter dimension. The repositionable die heads16, like the die heads14, will also rotate about the axis of revolution68and slide along the pipe92as the bending mandrel28advances during pipe bending activities in the reverse bend configuration.

Alternatively, the repositionable die heads16may be upwardly repositioned relative to longitudinal axis56for placement into a non-operative configuration, where the repositionable die heads16are disposed above, and do not interfere with the operation of the bending mandrel28during the bending of pipe.

Each of the repositionable die heads16independently revolve about, and are releasably secured, in a normal or perpendicular direction to a mounting block64, though the use of a die head attachment54as earlier described. Revolution of the repositionable die heads16relative to the mounting blocks64about an axis of revolution68is depicted by arrow66. The revolution of the repositionable die heads16about the axis of revolution68is established by the die head attachments54.

In a preferred embodiment the repositionable die heads16are substantially identical in size and function as earlier describer with respect to the die heads14, except with respect to the upward or downward rotation and repositioning relative to the cross bow bar support12, and to the longitudinal axis56. In addition, the pipe receiving recess62on the repositionable die heads16may have either a smaller or larger arcuate radius for contact to, and the bending of, smaller or larger diameter pipe as compared to the pipe receiving recess62on the die heads14. In the preferred embodiment the repositionable die heads16are used in the bending of pipe having a smaller diameter dimension.

In a preferred embodiment, each repositionable die head16includes a plurality of faces, each face having a pipe receiving recess62, which is identical in dimension to a pipe receiving recess62on one or more of the faces of a plurality of other repositionable die heads16. During use in bending pipe, one face of each of plurality of repositionable die heads16having the same dimension for the pipe receiving recess62, may be used as a matched working pair or in another desired configuration on the cross bow bar support12on an appropriate sized pipe. The repositionable die heads16may be releasably interchangeable or exchanged for another pair of repositionable die heads16having matching pipe receiving recess62as required for bending of a particular pipe size.

It should be noted that the repositionable die heads16have at least two degrees of revolution and rotation. The repositionable die heads16have a first degree of revolution about the axis of revolution68as provided by the die head attachment54. In addition, the repositionable die heads16have a second degree of rotation about a shaft or pin74permitting upward or downward repositioning relative to the longitudinal axis56for placement into a first operative working configuration or a second elevated or downward non-operative or non-working configuration for the tubing bender10.

In at least one embodiment, the cross bow bar support12includes at least one or a plurality of recess cavities72between a die head14adjacent to a first side50and the recessed bridge112, as well as at least one or a plurality of second recess cavities72between a die head14adjacent to a second side52and the bridge recessed bridge112. The recess cavities72are located on the opposite sides and are spaced and equal distance dimension from the centerline of the recessed bridge112.

As depicted inFIG.1the die heads14extend downwardly from the lower surface of the cross bow bar support12. The recess cavities72are disposed on the opposite or upper face of the cross bow bar support12interior to the die heads14and exterior relative to the recessed bridge112. Each of the recess cavities72defines an interior wall76and an exterior wall78. As may be seen inFIG.1moving from left to right along the cross bow bar support12, a structural area80is located between the exterior wall78and the first side50; the interior wall76and the recessed bridge112distal to the first side50; the recessed bridge112and the interior wall76distal to the second side52; and the exterior wall78and the second side52. The recess cavities72in addition, each include a back wall73which functions as a hard stop for the repositionable die heads16, when the repositionable die heads16are rotated upwardly or downwardly into an operative bending position, for either the reverse or forward bending configurations.

In some embodiments the mounting blocks64are substantially rectangular and cuboid in shape, and are sized for placement within each of the recess cavities72. The mounting blocks64may have rounded edges and corners. One repositionable die head16is releasably attached to a flat exterior surface of each mounting block64.

It should be noted that the mounting blocks64may have any geometric shape as desired including cubical, spherical, ovoid, hexagonal prism, or pentagonal prism to name a few of the many available shape options. Correspondingly, the shape selected for the plurality of recess cavities72should conform to the shape selected for the mounting blocks64.

In at least one alternative embodiment, the exterior edges of the mounting blocks64are proximate to a respective interior wall76and exterior wall78of a recess cavity72. A pin or shaft74may be engaged to each of the interior walls76and passes outwardly into a respective mounting block64. A pin or shaft74may be engaged to each of the exterior walls78and passes inwardly into a respective mounting block64. The pins or shafts74extend in a longitudinal direction which is substantially parallel to longitudinal axis56. The pins or shafts74function as an axel for the repositioning and rotation of the mounting blocks64and repositionable die heads16in the upward or downward direction relative to the cross bow bar support12and longitudinal axis56. The repositioning of the mounting blocks64and repositionable die heads16about the shaft or pins74is depicted by arrow70.

Alternatively, the shaft or pins74may extend completely through a mounting block64being attached to an adjacent exterior wall78and interior wall76. Alternatively, the shaft or pins74may only extend partially into a mounting block64from a respective adjacent exterior wall78or interior wall76.

In at least one embodiment as shown inFIG.1, the bending mandrel28is held in a stationary position and is engaged to a pipe to be reformed. The handle22is squeezed towards the frame18represented by arrow86, which activates a ratchet mechanism82to displace the slide rod20in a forward direction as indicated by arrow84. The displacement of the slide rod20in the direction of arrow84then moves the cross bow bar support12in the direction of arrow84whereupon either the pipe receiving recess62of the die heads14contact the pipe exclusively, or the pipe receiving recess62of both of the die heads14and the repositionable die heads16contact the pipe. Continued or repetitive movement of the handle22in the direction of arrow86advances the ratchet mechanism82, the die heads14, and repositionable die heads16if placed into the operative position, in the direction of arrow84, placing pressure onto distal portions of the pipe, causing the interior portion of the pipe between the die heads14or repositionable die heads16to conform to the shape of the bending mandrel28, bending the pipe to the desired angle without fracture or the placing a kink into the pipe.

At such time as a desired bend angle for the pipe is achieved, then the handle22may be moved from an at rest position in the direction of arrow88away from the frame18to release the ratchet mechanism82permitting the slide rod20and cross bow bar support12to be retracted in the direction of arrow90away from the bending mandrel28and bent pipe.

In a preferred embodiment, two die heads14are used on the cross bow bar support12to bend pipe. However the number of die heads14on the cross bow bar support12may vary at the discretion of an individual. It is anticipated that the number of die heads14used on the cross bow bar support12will be an even number for use as matching working pairs. It is anticipated that the number of die heads14on a cross bow bar support12may be 2, 4, 6, or 8 or more at the discretion of an individual, each of the respective die heads14having a plurality of faces including pipe receiving recesses62.

In an alternative embodiment, at east two repositionable die heads16and at least two die heads14are used on the cross bow bar support12to bend pipe. However the number of die heads14or the number of repositionable die heads16on the cross bow bar support12may vary at the discretion of an individual. It is anticipated that the number of die heads14or repositionable die heads16used on the cross bow bar support12will each be an even number, for use as matched working pairs.

It is anticipated that the repositionable die heads16will be manipulated into a downward working configuration for use in the bending of a pipe having a smaller diameter. The repositionable die heads16are at a location which is proximate to the recessed bridge112and therefore relocate the pressure to be applied to the pipe to a more central location as opposed to at a more distal location on the pipe as would be provided by the die heads14. With smaller diameter pipe, the placement of bending pressure at the distal ends of the pipe increase the risk of causing a kink or a deformation of the pipe proximate to the center. Therefore, the placement and use of the repositionable die heads16as positioned proximate to the center of the bending radius reduces the risk of imparting damage to the pipe during bending. In addition, the use of the repositionable die heads16as positioned proximate to the center of the bending radius permits an HVAC technician to form a bend having a tighter bending radius for the pipe as may be required in a particular application.

In certain embodiments, the use of both die heads14and repositionable die heads16, enable an HVAC technician to spread the bending force to be applied to the pipe over an enlarged surface area, thereby reducing risk of deformation to the pipe.

In some embodiments each of the die heads14, and repositionable die heads16, may include one, two, three, four, five or more pipe receiving recess62, where each of the pipe receiving recess62on either a die head14, or a repositionable die head16, may have the same or a different sized arcuate radius. The pipe receiving recess62of each of the die heads14, or repositionable die heads16, in contact with the pipe to receive a bend may be identical or may be non-symmetrical as required by a particular application. A single die head14disposed on each of the opposite sides of the bending mandrel28, a single repositionable die head16disposed on each of the opposite sides of the bending mandrel28, or both a single die head14and a single repositionable die head16disposed on the opposite sides of the bending mandrel28, is contemplated as the most common configuration for the tubing bender10, however other configurations may be used as necessary for a particular project when specific radius for a bend is to be formed into a pipe.

In other embodiments, a die head14may be used on one side of the bending mandrel28, and a repositionable die head16and a die head14may be used on the opposite side of the bending mandrel28, in order to impart a bend on a pipe having a different bending profile as required by a particular application.

In a preferred embodiment, the elements and components for the tubing bender10as identified herein are preferably formed of metallic material which is sufficiently sturdy to not fracture or fail during anticipated working conditions. It is also anticipated that the material selected for the components of the tubing bender10will be corrosive and rust resistant prolonging the useful working life for the tubing bender10. Other sturdy materials may be selected for components of the tubing bender10, including but not limited to the use of hard plastic, ceramic, composite, or hard rubber materials to name a few. It is anticipated that the materials selected for the tubing bender10will be of sufficiently durability to not fracture or fail when exposed to normal use in bending pipe over prolonged periods of time.

Referring toFIG.2andFIG.3, alternative top plan views of the tubing bender10are shown. As may be seen inFIG.2andFIG.3the pipe92is identified by dashed line. The tubing bender10inFIG.2andFIG.3depict the reverse bend configuration. In bothFIG.2andFIG.3the die heads14extend downwardly from the cross bow bar support12and are positioned for engagement to the pipe92, and the repositionable die heads16are elevated and rotated above the cross bow bar support12, in a non-interference and non-engaged position avoiding contact the pipe92while simultaneously permitting unobstructed advancement of the cross bow bar support12towards the bending mandrel28.

As may be seen inFIG.2andFIG.3the tubing bender10includes the bending mandrel28. The bending mandrel28in turn includes an arcuate pipe receiving channel94. The arcuate pipe receiving channel94functions as bending surface for the pipe92. The bending mandrel28, including the pipe receiving channel94, defines a desired curved bend radius or bend angle during the bending of the pipe92. The tubing bender10and the bending mandrel28are constructed and arranged for fast and easy interchangeability to enable an HVAC technician to quickly replace a bending mandrel28for a substitute bending mandrel28having a different curved exterior bend radius or bend angle. In addition, the tubing bender10and the bending mandrel28are constructed and arranged for fast and easy interchangeability to enable an HVAC technician to quickly replace a bending mandrel28for a substitute bending mandrel28having a larger or smaller sized pipe receiving channel94to accommodate larger or smaller diameter pipes92.

The interchangeable bending mandrels28will include a back mandrel wall138having a centrally positioned receiving aperture104, having the identical dimensions as the first bracket vertical receiving aperture34. Opposite to the back mandrel wall138will be located the pipe receiving channel94. Each interchangeable bending mandrel28will include a different exterior bending radius and a different sized pipe receiving channel94. Therefore, for the bending of pipe having a particular diameter size, one or more replaceable or interchangeable bending mandrels28may be selected dependent on the bend radius desired to accommodate a particular pipe diameter size. In addition, one or more interchangeable die heads14and interchangeable repositionable die heads16may be selected to match the size dimension selected for the pipe receiving channel94for the selected exterior bending radius for the bending mandrel28.

InFIG.2the tubing bender10is placed into a pre-bending position, where the pipe92is disposed between the die heads14and the pipe receiving channel94of the bending mandrel28. In the pre-bending configuration the pipe92may be repositioned in a perpendicular or normal direction relative to arrow84until such time as the portion of the pipe to receive the bend is centered with respect to, and aligned with the die heads14and the pipe receiving channel94. In the pre-bending configuration the cross bow bar support12is retracted to an at rest position towards the frame18, which is distal relative to the pipe receiving channel94and/or bending mandrel28. In the pre-bending configuration the bending mandrel28is positioned away from the frame18, and the cross bow bar support12. In this pre-bending configuration the pipe receiving channel94is facing the die heads14, cross bow bar support12and the frame18.

To initiate pipe bending the handle22is repeatedly squeezed and released towards and away from the frame18to activate the ratchet mechanism82to advance the cross bow bar support12in the direction of arrow84. As the cross bow bar support12is advanced in the direction of arrow84, the pipe receiving recess62of the die heads14contacts the exterior surface of the pipe92. The repositionable die heads16are elevated relative to the cross bow bar support12above the bending mandrel28, and do not interfere with the movement of the cross bow bar support12in the direction of arrow84. As additional movement of the cross bow bar support12occurs in direction of arrow84, the die heads14as engaged to the pipe92revolve, pivot, or rotate about a respective die head axis58, and slide along the exterior length of the pipe92away from the center of the bend. The pipe receiving recess62remain in contact with exterior surface of pipe92as slide rod20and cross bow bar support12are advanced towards and past the forward portion of bending mandrel28.

As the cross bow bar support12is advanced in the direction of arrow84, the pipe92is forced into the pipe receiving channel94, and conforms to curved bend radius or bend angle as desired for the bending mandrel28. The pivoting or rotation of the die heads14about die head axis58during the sliding of the exterior surface of pipe92past the die heads14is shown by arrow60. The sliding of the exterior surface of the pipe92past the die heads14will occur until a desired bend angle is obtained.

The movement of cross bow bar support12in direction of arrow84passes the main body of the cross bow bar support12in a plane above the bending mandrel28, and advancement of the cross bow bar support12occurs until such time as a desired bend angle or radius for the pipe92has been obtained. During the advancement of the cross bow bar support12in direction of arrow84, the second support bracket26, as releasably engaged to the frame18, and as releasable engaged to the bending mandrel28, remain in a fixed or stationary position. During advancement of the cross bow bar support12, where the cross bow bar support12passes over the top of the bending mandrel28, while maintaining contact between the die heads14and/or repositionable die heads16with the pipe92, as the pipe92is disposed in the pipe receiving channel94.

The cross bow bar support12is the portion of the tubing bender10transferring linear motion and pressure to the exterior surface of the pipe92to accomplish the tube bending against the bending mandrel28, which remains in a stationary position relative to the frame18.

As may be seen inFIG.2andFIG.3the relative positioning and shape of the recess cavities72as well as the mounting blocks64is shown in additional detail. Further, the top of the vertical arm100of the second support bracket26is shown as positioned exterior to the back mandrel wall138.

As may be seen inFIG.4andFIG.5, in at least one embodiment, the second support bracket26includes a horizontal arm96having a distal end98and a vertical arm100extending upwardly from the distal end98. The second bracket vertical attachment aperture48is located proximate to the end of horizontal arm96which releasably engages the frame notch44of the frame18. The horizontal arm96, on the lower surface proximate to the end of second support bracket26releasably engaging the frame18, includes a support beam channel108. The support beam channel108receives the support beam106of the exterior end of the frame notch44. The positioning of the support beam106into the support beam channel108aligns the second bracket vertical attachment aperture48to the second bracket vertical affixation aperture46for receipt of the affixation member36. In addition, the interior portion of the second support bracket26between the support beam channel108and the end interior wall of horizontal arm96establishes a second bracket platform110which is disposed in the frame notch44during releasable engagement between the second support bracket26and the frame18.

The vertical arm100of the second support bracket26includes an inwardly extending mandrel post102. The mandrel post102slidably enters the receiving aperture104following the alignment of the bending mandrel28to the vertical arm100. A portion of the back mandrel wall138is in contact with the vertical arm100during insertion of the mandrel post102into the receiving aperture104, providing support between the bending mandrel28and the second support bracket26. The engagement of the back mandrel wall138to the interior of the vertical arm100minimizes undesirable repositioning or misalignment of the bending mandrel28relative to the vertical arm100as the cross bow bar support12is advanced during the bending of pipe.

In the reverse bending configuration, the horizontal arm96of the second support bracket26is releasably coupled to the frame notch44of the frame18. In addition the bending mandrel28is releasably coupled to the mandrel post102on the interior wall of the vertical arm100upon the insertion of the mandrel post102into the receiving aperture104.

As may also be seen inFIG.4andFIG.5, the first bracket vertical receiving aperture34of the first support bracket24releasably receives the slide rod20of the frame18. Upon the positioning of the slide rod20within the first bracket vertical receiving aperture34the affixation member36may be tightened to releasable secure the first support bracket24to the frame18.

In at least one alternative embodiment, the horizontal portion32of the first support bracket24, at the forward or distal end, includes the central portion42which has a lower surface similar to a notch. The central portion42includes the first bracket vertical affixation aperture40. The central portion42is positioned above a recessed bridge112which extends between the two inner structural areas80which are proximate to the center of the cross bow bar support12. The transition between the recessed bridge112and the two inner structural areas80includes a vertical positioning wall114. (FIG.1)

A bridge affixation aperture116is centrally positioned, and traverses, the recessed bridge112for alignment with the first bracket vertical affixation aperture40, and receives an affixation member36. The central portion42as disposed above and as in contact with the recessed bridge112is the location for releasable attachment of the first support bracket24to the cross bow bar support12, to provide the reverse bend configuration of the tubing bender10.

As may be seen inFIG.5the tubing bender10is shown in an assembled reverse bend configuration. InFIG.5the repositionable die heads16have been elevated relative to the cross bow bar support12into a non-operative or non-engaged position.

As may be seen inFIG.6the frame18, ratchet mechanism82, handle22and slide rod20operate in an identical manner as previously described relative toFIGS.1-5.

In the alternative embodiment as shown inFIG.6, the tubing bender10has been transitioned into a forward bend configuration. In the forward bend configuration the bending mandrel28has been moved to a different location on the tubing bender10, and the direction which the bending mandrel28faces has been reversed relative to frame18.

In the reverse bend configuration as shown inFIGS.1-5, the bending mandrel28and the pipe receiving channel94face in a rearward direction toward the frame18and the handle22and the bending mandrel28is stationary relative to the frame18and handle22during the bending of pipe.

InFIG.6the bending mandrel28and the pipe receiving channel94, as repositioned to a different location, are facing in the opposite direction away from the frame18and the handle22. In the forward bend configuration for the tubing bender10the slide rod20is releasably engaged to the receiving aperture104. The ratchet mechanism82and the slide rod20advance the bending mandrel28in a forward direction towards the stationary cross bow bar support12.

In order to transition the tubing bender10from the reverse bend configuration into the forward bend configuration an individual will untighten the affixation member36from the central portion42and the recessed bridge112separating the cross bow bar support12from the first support bracket24. The individual will next untighten the affixation member36from the first support bracket24, and move the first support bracket24in a forward direction to separate the first bracket vertical receiving aperture34from the slide rod20. Next, an individual will move the bending mandrel28in a rearward direction separating the receiving aperture104from the mandrel post102. Then the individual will untighten the affixation member36from the second bracket vertical affixation aperture46and the second bracket vertical attachment aperture48permitting the removal of the second bracket platform110from the frame notch44and the support beam106from the support beam channel108, separating the second support bracket26from the frame18.

In order to re-assemble the tubing bender10into a forward bending configuration as may be seen inFIG.6, an individual will reposition the bending mandrel28by rotation of 180 degrees and position the receiving aperture104for alignment with the slide rod20, whereupon the bending mandrel28is moved rearwardly inserting the slide rod20into the receiving aperture104. The pipe receiving channel94of the bending mandrel28is now facing in the forward bend position for the tubing bender10.

Next, an individual will reposition the cross bow bar support12by changing the direction of the elevation and descent of the repositionable die heads16from being forward relative to the cross bow bar support12(reverse bending configuration) to a location rearwardly relative to the cross bow bar support12(forward bending configuration). To accomplish the reversal of the direction of the repositionable die heads16, the cross bow bar support12is rotated about its longitudinal axis 180 degrees, so that the repositionable die heads16inFIG.6are disposed rearwardly relative to the tubing bender10.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.6the cross bow bar support12is revolved into an upside-down position where the die head14is facing in the upward direction and the repositionable die heads16are disposed rearwardly and are repositionable in a downward and upward direction relative to the longitudinal axis56ofFIG.1as indicated by arrow118. In both the reverse bending configuration ofFIGS.1-5, and the forward bending configuration as shown inFIGS.6-7, for the tubing bender10, the first side50remains on the left and the second side52remains on the right with respect to the cross bow bar support12.

In the forward bend configuration for tubing bender10, the recessed bridge112has been rotated 180 degrees into an upside-down position with the top surface of recessed bridge112facing downwardly for placement into the frame notch44. The affixation member36may then pass upwardly through the second bracket vertical affixation aperture46and the bridge affixation aperture116to secure the cross bow bar support12to the frame18in the forward bend configuration for the tubing bender10.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.6the receiving aperture104is positioned onto the forward end of slide rod20, and the advancement of the ratchet mechanism82moves the bending mandrel28in a forward direction away from the frame18and handle22. In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.6an affixation member36is not used to releasably attach the bending mandrel28to the slide rod20.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.6the pipe92is disposed on the same plane as, and is located between the pipe receiving channel94and the upwardly extending pipe receiving recess62of either the plurality of die heads14, or the plurality of die heads14and the plurality of repositionable die heads16, dependent on the diameter of the pipe to receive bending. In order to accomplish pipe bending an individual will grasp the handle22as earlier described to activate the ratchet mechanism82to advance the slide rod20in the forward direction as indicated by arrow122ofFIG.6.

It should be noted that in at least one embodiment, that the dimensions for the mandrel post102, receiving aperture104and the slide rod20are identical for the convenient disassembly and reassembly of the tubing bender10between a reverse bending and a forward bending configuration. In addition, the uniformity of the size dimension between the mandrel post102, receiving aperture104, and slide rod20provides for the convenient substitution of one bending mandrel28for another bending mandrel28having a different bending radius dimension, or a different size dimension for the pipe receiving channel94. The reconfiguration of the tubing bender10and the interchangeability of the bending mandrel28may also occur simultaneously with the substitution of different sized die heads14and repositionable die heads16for die heads14and repositionable die heads16having an alternative size for the pipe receiving recess62.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.7the cross bow bar support12has been releasable secured to the frame18and the bending mandrel28has been releasably secured to the slide rod20to provide the tubing bender10in a forward bending configuration. As may be seen inFIG.7, in an operative configuration, the repositionable die heads16may be repositioned in the upward direction of arrow118, for alignment with the die heads14for bending pipe92having a smaller diameter.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.6andFIG.7the operation, repositioning, and/or revolution of the die heads14and the repositionable die heads16is identical to the operation, repositioning, and/or revolution of the die heads14and the repositionable die heads16as earlier described with respect toFIGS.1-5, with the exception that the repositionable die heads16are repositioned in a downward direction and location in a non-operative position during the bending of pipe92in a forward direction, as opposed to being repositioned in an upward position and location during the bending of pipe92in a reverse direction.

In a preferred embodiment, the body of the cross bow bar support12is below a plane established by the bending mandrel28, pipe92and die heads14, or die heads14and repositionable die heads16during bending of pipe92in the forward bending direction. Likewise the body of the cross bow bar support12is above a plane established by the bending mandrel28, pipe92and die heads14, or die heads14and repositionable die heads16during bending of pipe92in the reverse bending direction. It should be noted that the body of the cross bow bar support12does not contact or interfere with the bending of the pipe92during either of the forward or reverse pipe bending directions.

In a preferred embodiment, the repositionable die heads16as rotated into in a non-operative position are below a plane established by the bending mandrel28, pipe92and die heads14, during bending of pipe92in the forward bending direction. Likewise the repositionable die heads16as rotated into in a non-operative position are above a plane established by the bending mandrel28, pipe92and die heads14, during bending of pipe92in the reverse bending direction. It should be noted that the repositionable die heads16do not contact or interfere with the bending of the pipe92during either of the forward or reverse pipe bending procedures when the repositionable die heads16are repositioned into a non-operative location.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.8, a front elevation view of the cross bow bar support12and bending mandrel28is shown in the reverse bending configuration.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.8, the die heads14and repositionable die heads16are shown as extending downwardly in a reverse bending configuration as previously described relative toFIGS.1-5. Both of the die heads14and repositionable die heads16are disposed downwardly for bending of a pipe92having a smaller diameter dimension. InFIG.8, the pipe receiving channel94and bending mandrel28are shown in phantom line in the same plane as the die heads14and repositionable die heads16below the cross bow bar support12in the reverse bending configuration.

InFIG.8one of the repositionable die heads16is shown in phantom line a non-operational position which has been rotated in an upward direction about the shaft or pin74.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.8, the shaft or pins74extend in a horizontal or longitudinal direction relative to the cross bow bar support12, and the shaft or pins74are parallel to the longitudinal axis56ofFIG.1. The shaft or pins74are aligned between each of the repositionable die heads16which in turn aligns each of the pipe receiving recess62of the die heads14and repositionable die heads16relative to each other for the receipt of the curved surface of a pipe92.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.9the die heads14and repositionable die heads16on the cross bow bar support12have been replaced with cylindrical posts124. The posts124may be releasably or interchangeably engaged to the cross bow bar support12.

In the alternative embodiment shown inFIG.9, the die heads14may be eliminated and the a plurality of exterior posts124may be directly and releasably secured proximate to the opposite ends of the cross bow bar support12by post attachment devices134.

The mounting blocks64, the plurality of repositionable die heads16, and the cross bow bar support12have an alternative shape proximate to the center of the cross bow bar support12as shown inFIGS.9,11and12. The repositionable die heads16have been replaced with a plurality of exterior posts124which are pivotally secured or swing relative to the cross bow bar support12by shaft or pins74which extend in a direction which is normal or perpendicular relative to the direction of longitudinal axis56ofFIG.1. The repositionable posts124ofFIG.9, swing or are repositionable in an upward non-operational configuration in reverse bending configuration. In addition, the repositionable posts124ofFIG.9, swing or are repositionable in a downward non-operational configuration in forward bending configuration.

In the alternative embodiment ofFIG.10, a partial detail side elevation view of a die head14is shown. As may be seen inFIG.10, arrow126identifies a pipe receiving recess62having a larger radius dimension for engagement to a pipe92having a larger diameter as compared to arrow128which identifies a pipe receiving recess62having a smaller radius dimension for engagement to a pipe92having a smaller diameter. As earlier described the die head14may be rotated about die head attachment54so that either side of the die head14having the desired radius for pipe receiving recess62is disposed into the operative position for engagement to the pipe92during a pipe bending operation.

Returning to the alternative embodiment ofFIGS.9, and12, one alternative shape for the repositionable posts124and the mounting blocks64is shown. InFIG.11andFIG.12, each of the repositionable mounting blocks64has an angular face130for flush positioning adjacent to an angular wall132. The angular wall132has a wider width dimension proximate to the top of the cross bow bar support12, and a narrower width dimension proximate to the bottom of the cross bow bar support12, when the cross bow bar support12is disposed in the operative position in the reverse bending configuration. The angular wall132has a wider width dimension proximate to the bottom of the cross bow bar support12, and a narrower width dimension proximate to the top of the cross bow bar support12, when the cross bow bar support12is disposed in the operative position in the forward bending configuration.

The angular face130has a wider width dimension proximate to the bottom of the repositionable mounting blocks64, and a narrower width dimension proximate to the top of the repositionable mounting blocks64, when the repositionable mounting blocks64is disposed in the operative position in the reverse bending configuration. The angular face130has a wider width dimension proximate to the top of the repositionable mounting blocks64, and a narrower width dimension proximate to the bottom of the repositionable mounting blocks64, when the repositionable post24is disposed in the operative position in the forward bending configuration.

In the alternative embodiment ofFIG.11andFIG.12, the recess cavities72extend outwardly an equal distance on opposite sides of the recessed bridge112, and have an increased length dimension as compared to the embodiments described and shown inFIGS.1-8. The approximate angle for the angular faces130and angular walls132is either 45 degrees or 135 degrees depending upon the configuration of the tubing bender10. It should be noted that the approximate relative angles for the angular faces130and angular walls132will be interchangeable and depend on the configuration of the tubing bender10and cross bow bar support12during the pipe bending operations.

Each of the repositionable mounting blocks64for the alternative embodiment ofFIG.9andFIGS.11-12, includes an interior angular extension136. The angular extension136provides the structure and the location for the shaft or pin74to attach the repositionable posts124and repositionable mounting blocks64into the recess cavities72of the cross bow bar support12.

In the reverse bending configuration, to dispose the repositionable posts124into a non-operative position, the exterior portion of the repositionable mounting blocks64are pushed upwardly in a direction opposite to arrow70inFIG.11. During rotation of the repositionable mounting blocks64relative to the recess cavities72the angular face130will slide upwardly and outwardly relative to the angular walls132until the repositionable mounting blocks64and repositionable posts124have been elevated relative to the cross bow bar support12into a non-operative and non-interference position. Conversely, in the reverse bending configuration, to dispose the repositionable mounting blocks64into an operative position, the exterior portion of the repositionable mounting blocks64are pushed downwardly in the direction of arrow70inFIG.11. During rotation of the repositionable mounting blocks64relative to the recess cavities72the angular faces130will slide downwardly and inwardly relative to the angular walls132until the repositionable posts124descend relative to the cross bow bar support12into an operative position.

In the forward bending configuration, to dispose the repositionable mounting blocks64into a non-operative position, the exterior portion of the repositionable mounting blocks64are pushed downwardly as shown by arrow118. During repositioning of the repositionable mounting blocks64relative to the recess cavities72the angular faces130will slide downwardly and outwardly relative to the angular walls132until the repositionable posts124have descended relative to the cross bow bar support12, into a non-operative and non-interference position. Conversely, in the forward bending configuration, to dispose the repositionable mounting blocks64into an operative position, the exterior portion of the repositionable mounting blocks64are pushed upwardly as shown by arrow118. During repositioning of the repositionable mounting blocks64relative to the recess cavities72the angular faces130will slide upwardly and inwardly relative to the angular walls132until the repositionable posts124are elevated relative to the cross bow bar support12into an operative position.

In the alternative embodiments as depicted inFIGS.9,11, and12the shafts or pins74have been shown in a normal direction relative to longitudinal axis56and positioned inwardly towards and proximate to the recessed bridge112on opposite sides of the cross bow bar support12. In an alternative embodiment it is anticipated that the location of the normally disposed shafts or pins74for the embodiment depicted inFIGS.9,11, and12may be relocated. It is anticipated that in an alternative embodiment that the alternatively normally disposed shafts or pins74may be moved to a position opposite to the recessed bridge112and may be located proximate to the end of the first side30or the end of the second side52of the cross bow bar support12.

In the embodiments as depicted inFIGS.9,11, and12the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot upwardly, inwardly and toward the recessed bridge112into the non-operative position in the reverse bending configuration. Alternatively, inFIGS.9,11, and12the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot downwardly, outwardly and away from the recessed bridge112into the operative position in the reverse bending configuration.

Alternatively, in some embodiments, the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot downwardly, outwardly and toward the recessed bridge112into the non-operative position in the forward bending configuration. Alternatively, the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot upwardly, outwardly and away from the recessed bridge112into the operative position in the forward bending configuration.

Alternatively, in some embodiments, the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot upwardly, outwardly and away from the recessed bridge112into the non-operative position in the reverse bending configuration, when the shafts or pins74are disposed outwardly towards the first end50or second end52. Alternatively, the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot downwardly, inwardly and toward the recessed bridge112into the operative position in the reverse bending configuration when the shafts or pins74are disposed outwardly towards the first end50or second end52.

Alternatively, in some embodiments, the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot downwardly, outwardly and away from the recessed bridge112into the non-operative position in the forward bending configuration when the shafts or pins74are disposed outwardly towards the first end50or second end52. Alternatively, the repositionable mounting blocks64pivot upwardly, inwardly and toward the recessed bridge112into the operative position in the forward bending configuration when the shafts or pins74are disposed outwardly towards the first end50or second end52.

In alternative embodiments, the ratchet mechanism82may be replaced with the use of a hydraulic device to impart motion onto the slide rod20during tube bending operations.

In an alternative embodiment, a tubing bender10may use a hydraulic style crossbow design bender wherein the compressing force from a hand is transmitted mechanically into a hydraulic pump which replaces a ratchet mechanism82. The hydraulic force is then transmitted through a hydraulic fluid typically oil into a piston which transmits into a sliding force pushing slide rod20and the releasably attached bending mandrel28against the tube and cross bow bar support12, allowing for the tubing to be formed into any bend from a zero to nearly 110 degree bend. Alternatively, the hydraulic force may transmit a sliding movement to a slide rod20having a releasable bracket which is releasably holding the cross bow bar support12against the tube and the bending mandrel28, allowing for the tubing to be formed into any bend from a zero to nearly 110 degree bend.

In some embodiments, the pipe receiving recess62of the die heads14, repositionable die heads16, and pipe receiving channel94have appropriate radius dimensions to accommodate tubing or pipe diameter sizes of 3/16 inch, ¼ inch, 5/16 inch, ⅜ inch, ½ inch, ⅝ inch, ¾ inch, ⅞ inch, 1⅛ inch, 1⅜ inch, and/or 1⅝ inch to name a few of the many different sizes of pipe.

In a first embodiment, the tubing bender device includes a frame having a handle, a ratchet mechanism engaged to a slide rod and the handle, and a frame notch proximate to an outer end of the frame; the frame having a first bending configuration further comprising a bending mandrel, the bending mandrel having a first bracket receiving aperture releasably engaged to the slide rod, and the frame having a cross bow bar support releasably engaged to the frame notch, the cross bow bar support comprising a plurality of die heads releasably engaged to the cross bow bar support, the die heads having a degree of revolution relative to the cross bow bar support, and a plurality of repositionable die heads releasably engaged to the cross bow bar support, the repositionable die heads having the degree of revolution relative to said cross bow bar support and a degree of rotation relative to the cross bow bar support, each of the die heads having at least one die head pipe receiving recess having a radius dimension, and each of the repositionable die heads having at least one repositionable die head pipe receiving recess having a radius dimension different from the radius dimension of the die head pipe receiving recess, wherein the die heads or the die heads and the repositionable die heads are aligned relative to the bending mandrel in an first configuration operative position, the die heads or the die heads and the repositionable die heads and the bending mandrel being constructed and arranged for bending a pipe in a first bending direction, and further wherein the repositionable die heads are rotated downwardly below the cross bow bar support in a first configuration non-operative position; and the frame having a second bending configuration comprising a first support bracket releasably engaged to the slide rod, the cross bow bar support being releasably engaged to the first support bracket, a second support bracket releasably engaged to the frame notch, the bending mandrel being releasably engaged to the second support bracket, wherein the die heads or the die heads and the repositionable die heads are aligned relative to the bending mandrel in an second configuration operative position, the die heads or the die heads and the repositionable die heads and the bending mandrel being constructed and arranged for bending the pipe in a second bending direction, the second bending direction being opposite to the first bending direction, wherein the repositionable die heads are rotated upwardly above the cross bow bar support in a second configuration non-operative position.

In a second alternative embodiment according to the first embodiment, the die heads and the repositionable die heads revolve in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction.

In a third alternative embodiment according to the second embodiment, the die heads and the repositionable die heads are releasably secured to the cross bow bar support by a die head attachment wherein the die heads or the repositionable die heads may be interchangeably replaced with substitute die heads or substitute repositionable die heads having the die head pipe receiving recess or the repositionable die head pipe receiving recess of a different size.

In a fourth alternative embodiment according to the third embodiment, the cross bow bar support has a center and at least one of the repositionable die heads is positioned on one side of the center and at least one of the repositionable die heads is positioned on an opposite side of the center.

In a fifth alternative embodiment according to the fourth embodiment, the die heads are positioned on the cross bow bar support exterior to the repositionable die heads.

In a sixth alternative embodiment according to the fifth embodiment, the cross bow bar support has a plurality of mounting blocks wherein one of the repositionable die heads is releasably engaged to each of the mounting blocks.

In a seventh alternative embodiment according to the sixth embodiment, the cross bow bar support defines a longitudinal axis.

In an eighth alternative embodiment according to the seventh embodiment, a shaft rotatably connects each mounting block to the cross bow bar support.

In a ninth alternative embodiment according to the eighth embodiment, each of the shafts establishes a longitudinal axis of rotation which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis.

In a tenth alternative embodiment according to the ninth embodiment, the bending mandrel has a pipe receiving channel and the pipe receiving channel is positioned in a direction away from the slide rod in the first configuration operative position and the first configuration non-operative position.

In an eleventh alternative embodiment according to the tenth embodiment, the pipe receiving channel is positioned in a direction towards the slide rod in the second configuration operative position and the second configuration non-operative position.

In a twelfth alternative embodiment according to the eleventh embodiment, the pipe receiving channel and the die heads engage a pipe in the first configuration non-operative position.

In a thirteenth alternative embodiment according to the twelfth embodiment, the pipe receiving channel, the die heads and the repositionable die heads engage the pipe in the first configuration operative position.

In a fourteenth alternative embodiment according to the thirteenth embodiment, the pipe receiving channel and the die heads engage the pipe in the second configuration non-operative position.

In a fifteenth alternative embodiment according to the fourteenth embodiment, the pipe receiving channel, the die heads and the repositionable die heads engage the pipe in the second configuration operative position.

In a sixteenth alternative embodiment according to the fifteenth embodiment, the ratchet mechanism advances the slide rod, the bending mandrel and the pipe receiving channel towards the die heads in the first configuration operative position and the first configuration non-operative position.

In a seventeenth alternative embodiment according to the sixteenth embodiment, the ratchet mechanism advances the slide rod and the die heads towards the pipe receiving channel and the bending mandrel in the second configuration operative position and the second configuration non-operative position.

In an eighteenth alternative embodiment according to the seventeenth embodiment, the die heads extend upwardly from the cross bow bar support in the first bending configuration.

In a nineteenth alternative embodiment according to the eighteenth embodiment, the die heads extend downwardly from the cross bow bar support in the second bending configuration.

In a twentieth alternative embodiment according to the nineteenth embodiment, the cross bow bar support is positioned downwardly and the die heads are positioned upwardly relative to the frame notch in the first bending configuration and the cross bow bar support is positioned upwardly and the die heads are positioned downwardly relative to the first support bracket and the frame notch in the second bending configuration.

The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein.

Many other embodiments may be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, the illustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized.

Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. While this specification contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of the invention. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment.

Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings and described herein in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single product or packaged into multiple products.

One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention’ merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments.

Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, are apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the description. It is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting and that it is understood that the following claims including all equivalents are intended to define the scope of the invention.

The claims should not be read as limited to the described order or elements unless stated to that effect. Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed as the invention.

While the foregoing is a description of the preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention for the purposes of complying with 37 C.F.R. 1.72., it is also intended in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. Variations to the exact embodiment described may be apparent to those skilled in such equipment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims set out below.

This completes the description of the preferred and alternate embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiment described herein which equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.

The above disclosure is intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive. This description will suggest many variations and alternatives to one of ordinary skill in this art. The various elements shown in the individual figures and described above may be combined or modified for combination as desired. All these alternatives and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims where the term “comprising” means “including, but not limited to”.

These and other embodiments which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and forming a part hereof. However, for further understanding of the invention, its advantages and objectives obtained by its use, reference should be made to the drawings which form a further part hereof and the accompanying descriptive matter, in which there is illustrated and described embodiments of the invention.