mhurhangee/patent-ind-claim-en huggingface dataset:
A non-combustible smoking element comprising: a pre-vapor formulation reservoir configured to contain a pre-vapor formulation material; a pre-vapor heater coupled to the pre-vapor formulation reservoir and configured to heat at least a portion of the pre-vapor formulation material into a vapor and provide the vapor to a channel ; a tobacco heater configured to heat at least a portion of tobacco and generate an aroma; and a tobacco housing configured to contain the tobacco and provide the aroma to the channel, the tobacco housing being upstream from the pre-vapor heater, the tobacco housing including, an outer housing extending in a longitudinal direction of the non-combustible smoking element, and an inner tube in the outer housing and extending in the longitudinal direction, a space between the outer housing and the inner tube defining a space to contain the tobacco. a pre-vapor formulation reservoir configured to contain a pre-vapor formulation material; a pre-vapor heater coupled to the pre-vapor formulation reservoir and configured to heat at least a portion of the pre-vapor formulation material into a vapor and provide the vapor to a channel ; a tobacco heater configured to heat at least a portion of tobacco and generate an aroma; and a tobacco housing configured to contain the tobacco and provide the aroma to the channel, the tobacco housing being upstream from the pre-vapor heater, the tobacco housing including, an outer housing extending in a longitudinal direction of the non-combustible smoking element, and an inner tube in the outer housing and extending in the longitudinal direction, a space between the outer housing and the inner tube defining a space to contain the tobacco. an outer housing extending in a longitudinal direction of the non-combustible smoking element, and an inner tube in the outer housing and extending in the longitudinal direction, a space between the outer housing and the inner tube defining a space to contain the tobacco.
A method for estimating parameters of an induction machine (IM) when it is stationary, the method comprising: applying a DC current by generating a first current reference having a constant value of one direction on a stationary reference frame and a current reference having a zero value in the other direction on the stationary reference frame to obtain a stator voltage from a stator flux and a rotor flux obtained from an electric model of the induction machine (IM) when it is stationary; and calculating a stator resistance from the obtained stator voltage; calculating a stator transient inductance from values obtained by applying the obtained stator voltage in the form of short pulses, comprising calculating the stator transient inductance by dividing a product of a magnitude of the stator voltage and a time period of applying pulses of the stator voltage by a slope of the current according to the applied stator voltage; and calculating parameters of the induction machine (IM) including a rotor time constant and a magnetizing inductance by using the calculated stator resistance and the calculated stator transient inductance, wherein the calculating parameters comprises calculating the rotor time constant and the magnetizing inductance by using an integration method, wherein the calculating parameters comprises calculating the magnetizing inductance by taking into account a ratio between a stator leakage inductance and a rotor leakage inductance. applying a DC current by generating a first current reference having a constant value of one direction on a stationary reference frame and a current reference having a zero value in the other direction on the stationary reference frame to obtain a stator voltage from a stator flux and a rotor flux obtained from an electric model of the induction machine (IM) when it is stationary; and calculating a stator resistance from the obtained stator voltage; calculating a stator transient inductance from values obtained by applying the obtained stator voltage in the form of short pulses, comprising calculating the stator transient inductance by dividing a product of a magnitude of the stator voltage and a time period of applying pulses of the stator voltage by a slope of the current according to the applied stator voltage; and calculating parameters of the induction machine (IM) including a rotor time constant and a magnetizing inductance by using the calculated stator resistance and the calculated stator transient inductance, wherein the calculating parameters comprises calculating the rotor time constant and the magnetizing inductance by using an integration method, wherein the calculating parameters comprises calculating the magnetizing inductance by taking into account a ratio between a stator leakage inductance and a rotor leakage inductance.
A method for use in device-to-device, D2D, communication in a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system comprising: a cellular network including one or more access nodes , and user equipments, UEs, which can operate in a cellular mode where data is transmitted from one UE to another via one or more of the access nodes , at least some UEs being D2D capable UEs, D2D-UEs, which can also operate in a direct communication mode where a pair of D2D-UEs transmit data directly from one to the other over a D2D communication link, D2D link,, the method comprising: maintaining a control signaling connection between D2D-UEs operating in the direct communication mode and the cellular network, changing, at D2D-UEs operating in the direct communication mode, to the cellular mode at one or more times and to sending, from D2D-UEs , channel state information, CSI, to the cellular network, and using, by the cellular network, the CSI and/or network available geographical location information for D2D-UEs to determine whether to cause D2D-UEs to operate in the direct communication mode or the cellular mode; and performing, by an access node of the one or more access nodes , network assisted discovery which includes determining if D2D-UEs are available for direct communication, wherein performing network assisted discovery includes one D2D-UE being assigned a role of D2D group owner and one or more other D2D-UEs being assigned a role of D2D client, wherein a D2D group owner and a D2D client are paired D2D-UEs for direct communication. maintaining a control signaling connection between D2D-UEs operating in the direct communication mode and the cellular network, changing, at D2D-UEs operating in the direct communication mode, to the cellular mode at one or more times and to sending, from D2D-UEs , channel state information, CSI, to the cellular network, and using, by the cellular network, the CSI and/or network available geographical location information for D2D-UEs to determine whether to cause D2D-UEs to operate in the direct communication mode or the cellular mode; and performing, by an access node of the one or more access nodes , network assisted discovery which includes determining if D2D-UEs are available for direct communication, wherein performing network assisted discovery includes one D2D-UE being assigned a role of D2D group owner and one or more other D2D-UEs being assigned a role of D2D client, wherein a D2D group owner and a D2D client are paired D2D-UEs for direct communication.
A method for adjusting a physical resource, comprising: collecting (S101) load information of a control plane, CP, from a CP board, collecting (S101) load information of a user plane, UP, from a UP board, and obtaining (S101), according to the corresponding load information, a CP workload and a UP workload; calculating (S102) a quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources in the case that the CP workload and the UP workload meet a preset balancing adjustment condition; and adjusting (SI03) physical resources of the CP and the UP according to the quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources ; wherein the quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources is calculated according to the following calculation formula: Num A × ALoad work Num A + X = Num B × BLoad work Num B − X , wherein Num A is a quantity of physical resources currently allocated to a scarce plane of the CP and the UP, ALoad work is a workload of the scarce plane of the CP and the UP, Num B is a quantity of physical resources currently allocated to a redundant plane of the CP and the UP, BLoad work is a workload of the redundant plane of the CP and the UP, and X is the quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources; wherein the redundant plane refers to a plane of the CP and the UP that has a smaller workload by comparing the obtained CP workload with the obtained UP workload; and the scarce plane refers to a plane of the CP and the UP that has a larger workload by comparing the obtained CP workload with the obtained UP workload. collecting (S101) load information of a control plane, CP, from a CP board, collecting (S101) load information of a user plane, UP, from a UP board, and obtaining (S101), according to the corresponding load information, a CP workload and a UP workload; calculating (S102) a quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources in the case that the CP workload and the UP workload meet a preset balancing adjustment condition; and adjusting (SI03) physical resources of the CP and the UP according to the quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources ; wherein the quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources is calculated according to the following calculation formula: Num A × ALoad work Num A + X = Num B × BLoad work Num B − X , wherein Num A is a quantity of physical resources currently allocated to a scarce plane of the CP and the UP, ALoad work is a workload of the scarce plane of the CP and the UP, Num B is a quantity of physical resources currently allocated to a redundant plane of the CP and the UP, BLoad work is a workload of the redundant plane of the CP and the UP, and X is the quantity of to-be-adjusted physical resources; wherein the redundant plane refers to a plane of the CP and the UP that has a smaller workload by comparing the obtained CP workload with the obtained UP workload; and the scarce plane refers to a plane of the CP and the UP that has a larger workload by comparing the obtained CP workload with the obtained UP workload.
A method comprising: acquiring tows of fiber; selecting a number of tows to utilize for a bundle having an aggregate shape; assembling the tows together into the bundle; inducing slip planes between the tows of the bundle by applying different amounts of tension to each of the tows; drawing the bundle through a die to bind the bundle into a preform, enforcing a longitudinally varying cross section along the preform; and locking in a curvature of the preform, the curvature being defined by the different amounts of tension. acquiring tows of fiber; selecting a number of tows to utilize for a bundle having an aggregate shape; assembling the tows together into the bundle; inducing slip planes between the tows of the bundle by applying different amounts of tension to each of the tows; drawing the bundle through a die to bind the bundle into a preform, enforcing a longitudinally varying cross section along the preform; and locking in a curvature of the preform, the curvature being defined by the different amounts of tension.
An epoxy resin curing agent comprising polyamines and a compound of acidic character, characterized in that the curing agent comprises a mixture of a primary aliphatic diamine in the amount of 3 to 7%, a primary aliphatic-aromatic diamine in the amount of 34 to 38% and a compound of acidic character, which comprises at least one hydroxy group attached to at least one aromatic ring, in the amount of 49 to 59%, in combination with an aliphatic polyamine in the amount of 1 to 10% by weight, preferably in the amount of 3 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 8% by weight.
Metering device , in particular electricity meter for metering electrical energy in an Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI System , comprising a communication unit enabling node mesh communication between the metering device and at least one further metering device , characterised in that the metering device comprises a module interface configured to connect a communication module to the metering device for enabling the metering device to establish an uplink and/or downlink connection within the AMI system , and passing on metering data acquired by itself or as received from the at least one further metering device towards a Head End System HES of the AMI System so that by adding the communication module to the metering device , the metering device is transformed from being merely a communication mesh node configured for communication with the at least one further metering device acting as a mesh node, into a gateway configured to establish the uplink and/or downlink connection within the AMI system for at least one cluster constituted by the metering device and the at least one further metering device configured for mesh node communication with each other.
Method for the biological treatment of carbon, nitrogen and, optionally, phosphorous in water, in a system of reactors comprising at least two parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and one moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) , characterized in that said method comprises steps of: - filling one sequencing batch reactor with water to be treated ; - carrying out anoxic/aerobic biological treatment , in said system of reactors , of the water present in said sequencing batch reactor ; and - removing treated water from said sequencing batch reactor ; said step of anoxic/aerobic biological treatment in said system of reactors comprising: - biological treatment under predominantly anoxic conditions by a first biomass in said at least two sequencing batch reactors producing a first effluent , said first biomass comprising mainly heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms; - a biological treatment under aerobic conditions by a second biomass in said moving-bed biofilm reactor , producing a second effluent , said second biomass comprising a biofilm with predominantly nitrifying biofilm carried on media; and - a continuous recirculation of said first and second effluents between said at least two sequencing batch reactors and said moving-bed biofilm reactor , said step of anoxic/aerobic biological treatment taking place in turn between said moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and each of said at least two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) in parallel in a sequential manner, allowing said moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) to be operated overall continuously and only aerobically. - filling one sequencing batch reactor with water to be treated ; - carrying out anoxic/aerobic biological treatment , in said system of reactors , of the water present in said sequencing batch reactor ; and - removing treated water from said sequencing batch reactor ; - biological treatment under predominantly anoxic conditions by a first biomass in said at least two sequencing batch reactors producing a first effluent , said first biomass comprising mainly heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms; - a biological treatment under aerobic conditions by a second biomass in said moving-bed biofilm reactor , producing a second effluent , said second biomass comprising a biofilm with predominantly nitrifying biofilm carried on media; and - a continuous recirculation of said first and second effluents between said at least two sequencing batch reactors and said moving-bed biofilm reactor ,
A method of imaging within an absorptive object comprising: placing transmit and receive antennas in close proximity to a surface of said object such that RF coupling occurs; transmitting electromagnetic pulses from the transmit antenna into the object ; and receiving a receive signal at the receive antenna simultaneously with the transmit antenna transmitting said pulses; wherein the transmitting and receiving comprises the following steps: a) setting a threshold level for the receive signal strength; b) transmitting one or more pulses; c) sampling the receive signal at a series of points in time, and comparing the receive signal at each of the points in time for said one or more pulses with the threshold level; d) changing the threshold level; e) repeating steps b), c) and optionally d) one or more times; wherein a counter array has an element for each sample time in the series and wherein each time a receive signal corresponding to that sample time is compared with a threshold, the array element corresponding to the sample time is altered dependent upon the result of the comparison. placing transmit and receive antennas in close proximity to a surface of said object such that RF coupling occurs; transmitting electromagnetic pulses from the transmit antenna into the object ; and receiving a receive signal at the receive antenna simultaneously with the transmit antenna transmitting said pulses; wherein the transmitting and receiving comprises the following steps: a) setting a threshold level for the receive signal strength; b) transmitting one or more pulses; c) sampling the receive signal at a series of points in time, and comparing the receive signal at each of the points in time for said one or more pulses with the threshold level; d) changing the threshold level; e) repeating steps b), c) and optionally d) one or more times; a) setting a threshold level for the receive signal strength; b) transmitting one or more pulses; c) sampling the receive signal at a series of points in time, and comparing the receive signal at each of the points in time for said one or more pulses with the threshold level; d) changing the threshold level; e) repeating steps b), c) and optionally d) one or more times; wherein a counter array has an element for each sample time in the series and wherein each time a receive signal corresponding to that sample time is compared with a threshold, the array element corresponding to the sample time is altered dependent upon the result of the comparison.
LIDAR system , which comprises: - a laser scanner having at least one laser light source and designed to emit laser pulses into multiple angular regions (251-256), - a controller , which is designed to actuate the at least one laser light source in order to emit at least one first laser pulse into a specific angular region (251-256) from the several angular regions (251-256) and to carry out a LIDAR measurement on the basis of a reflection of the at least one first laser pulse , wherein the controller is additionally designed to change at least one scan parameter of the laser scanner on the basis of the LIDAR measurement and to then actuate the at least one laser light source in order to emit selectively at least one second laser pulse into the specific angular region (251-256), wherein the at least one scan parameter comprises a strength of the laser pulses , wherein the laser scanner comprises a continuously and periodically moved deflection unit, wherein a time interval between a last laser pulse of the at least one first laser pulse and a first laser pulse of the at least one second laser pulse is not greater than 1/1,000 of a period duration of the movement of the deflection unit, optionally not greater than 1/10,000, further optionally not greater than 1/100,000, wherein the controller is designed to change the strength of the at least one second laser pulse compared to a strength of the at least one first laser pulse on the basis of the LIDAR measurement, wherein the strength of the at least one second laser pulse is greater by no less than a factor of 5 than the strength of the at least one first laser pulse , optionally by no less than a factor of 10, further optionally by no less than a factor of 100, wherein the controller is designed to check by means of the corresponding LIDAR measurement, for each first laser pulse of the at least one first laser pulse , whether there is an object located in the vicinity of the LIDAR system in the corresponding angular region (251-256), wherein the controller is further designed to selectively actuate the at least one laser light source , on the basis of the check as to whether there is an object located in the vicinity of the LIDAR system in the corresponding angular region (251-256), in order to emit a corresponding second laser pulse of the at least one second laser pulse , wherein the controller is further designed to actuate the at least one laser light source in order to emit the corresponding second laser pulse of the at least one second laser pulse only when there is no object located in the vicinity of the LIDAR system . - a laser scanner having at least one laser light source and designed to emit laser pulses into multiple angular regions (251-256), - a controller , which is designed to actuate the at least one laser light source in order to emit at least one first laser pulse into a specific angular region (251-256) from the several angular regions (251-256) and to carry out a LIDAR measurement on the basis of a reflection of the at least one first laser pulse ,
A method for providing a multimedia broadcast/multicast service, MBMS, by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving , from a network entity via an M2 interface, a first message including first information for configuring a physical multicast channel, PMCH, for a MBMS and second information on one or more service identities associated with the PMCH; generating third information indicating an overload status of the PMCH; and transmitting , to the network entity via the M2 interface, a second message including an identifier of a multicast broadcast single frequency network, MBSFN, area associated with the MBMS, the third information indicating the overload status of the PMCH, and fourth information on at least one service identity of the one or more service identities associated with the PMCH. receiving , from a network entity via an M2 interface, a first message including first information for configuring a physical multicast channel, PMCH, for a MBMS and second information on one or more service identities associated with the PMCH; generating third information indicating an overload status of the PMCH; and transmitting , to the network entity via the M2 interface, a second message including an identifier of a multicast broadcast single frequency network, MBSFN, area associated with the MBMS, the third information indicating the overload status of the PMCH, and fourth information on at least one service identity of the one or more service identities associated with the PMCH.