A method of pre-operatively forming a surgical splint configured to receive a patient's dentition when the patient's skull is in a post-operative shape, the method comprising: obtaining a 3-D facial computer model in a computer of at least the patient's maxilla, mandible, and dentition, the 3-D facial computer model including virtual dentition , including at least one first fiduciary marker ; obtaining a 3-D optical scan of a surface geometry of the patient's dentition in the computer so as to produce second virtual dentition , including at least one second fiduciary marker ; aligning the first fiduciary marker with the second fiduciary marker ; after the aligning step, replacing the virtual dentition of the 3-D facial computer model with the second virtual dentition to form a composite 3-D virtual model , the composite 3-D virtual model having third virtual dentition in a planned post-operative configuration; and constructing a surgical splint having a negative impression of at least a portion of the third virtual dentition , characterized in that the 3-D optical scan of the surface geometry of the patient's dentition is a 3-D optical intraoral scan of the surface geometry of the patient's dentition, and in that at least a portion of the virtual dentition has a first virtual surface geometry that defines the at least one first fiduciary marker , the at least one first fiduciary marker defining a first location that identifies a first anatomical feature of the virtual dentition , and at least a portion of the second virtual dentition has a second surface geometry that defines the at least one second fiduciary marker , the at least one second fiduciary marker defining a second location that identifies a second anatomical feature of the second virtual dentition . obtaining a 3-D facial computer model in a computer of at least the patient's maxilla, mandible, and dentition, the 3-D facial computer model including virtual dentition , including at least one first fiduciary marker ; obtaining a 3-D optical scan of a surface geometry of the patient's dentition in the computer so as to produce second virtual dentition , including at least one second fiduciary marker ; aligning the first fiduciary marker with the second fiduciary marker ; after the aligning step, replacing the virtual dentition of the 3-D facial computer model with the second virtual dentition to form a composite 3-D virtual model , the composite 3-D virtual model having third virtual dentition in a planned post-operative configuration; and constructing a surgical splint having a negative impression of at least a portion of the third virtual dentition , characterized in that the 3-D optical scan of the surface geometry of the patient's dentition is a 3-D optical intraoral scan of the surface geometry of the patient's dentition, and in that at least a portion of the virtual dentition has a first virtual surface geometry that defines the at least one first fiduciary marker , the at least one first fiduciary marker defining a first location that identifies a first anatomical feature of the virtual dentition , and at least a portion of the second virtual dentition has a second surface geometry that defines the at least one second fiduciary marker , the at least one second fiduciary marker defining a second location that identifies a second anatomical feature of the second virtual dentition . <EOS>