An apparatus for the production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material; the apparatus comprising: a main pump suitable for pumping a fluid, the fluid being a suspension of solid particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1MPa, towards and in fluid communication with; core components , the core components comprising: a fluid conduit having a principal axis suitable for conveying said fluid, wherein the fluid conduit is arranged to direct fluid at said pressure from that conduit against; an impact head having an impact face perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to said principal axis; the impact head and the conduit being arranged so that an annular gap of between 500μm and 1μm results between an end of the conduit proximate to the impact head and the impact head wherein the gap forms a continuous region surrounding the end of the conduit and being substantially coplanar with the impact head; and an impact head surround which extends the region in which the fluid is constrained before exiting the core components, wherein, the impact head is symmetric about a longitudinal axis which is in line with the principal axis and such that the symmetry allows rotation of the head; the apparatus further comprising a pressure drop valve downstream of the impact head so as to provide backpressure. a main pump suitable for pumping a fluid, the fluid being a suspension of solid particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1MPa, towards and in fluid communication with; core components , the core components comprising: a fluid conduit having a principal axis suitable for conveying said fluid, wherein the fluid conduit is arranged to direct fluid at said pressure from that conduit against; an impact head having an impact face perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to said principal axis; the impact head and the conduit being arranged so that an annular gap of between 500μm and 1μm results between an end of the conduit proximate to the impact head and the impact head wherein the gap forms a continuous region surrounding the end of the conduit and being substantially coplanar with the impact head; and an impact head surround which extends the region in which the fluid is constrained before exiting the core components, wherein, the impact head is symmetric about a longitudinal axis which is in line with the principal axis and such that the symmetry allows rotation of the head; the apparatus further comprising a pressure drop valve downstream of the impact head so as to provide backpressure. a fluid conduit having a principal axis suitable for conveying said fluid, wherein the fluid conduit is arranged to direct fluid at said pressure from that conduit against; an impact head having an impact face perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to said principal axis; the impact head and the conduit being arranged so that an annular gap of between 500μm and 1μm results between an end of the conduit proximate to the impact head and the impact head wherein the gap forms a continuous region surrounding the end of the conduit and being substantially coplanar with the impact head; and an impact head surround which extends the region in which the fluid is constrained before exiting the core components, wherein, the impact head is symmetric about a longitudinal axis which is in line with the principal axis and such that the symmetry allows rotation of the head; the apparatus further comprising a pressure drop valve downstream of the impact head so as to provide backpressure. <EOS>