A method for identifying a valuable document, comprising: collecting (S11) an image signal and a first signal of a detection object by an image sensor and a first sensor respectively, wherein the detection object comprises the valuable document and a reference unit ; determining (S12) an image signal of the valuable document from the image signal of the detection object; determining (S13) a positional relationship between the image sensor and the first sensor according to a positional relationship between the image sensor and the reference unit and a positional relationship between the first sensor and the reference unit, if an image signal of the valuable document on a preset region matches with an image signal of template information on the preset region, wherein the template information comprises an image signal and a second signal; determining (S14) the second signal of the template information at a preset position; determining (S15) a positional relationship between the preset position on the detection object and the image sensor; determining (S16) a positional relationship between the preset position on the detection object and the first sensor according to the positional relationship between the image sensor and the first sensor; and judging (S17) whether the first signal of the detection object at the preset position collected by the first sensor is the same as the second signal of the template information at the preset position, and if the first signal of the detection object at the preset position collected by the first sensor is the same as the second signal of the template information at the preset position, displaying (S20) that the valuable document is real; otherwise, displaying (S19) that the valuable document is fake. collecting (S11) an image signal and a first signal of a detection object by an image sensor and a first sensor respectively, wherein the detection object comprises the valuable document and a reference unit ; determining (S12) an image signal of the valuable document from the image signal of the detection object; determining (S13) a positional relationship between the image sensor and the first sensor according to a positional relationship between the image sensor and the reference unit and a positional relationship between the first sensor and the reference unit, if an image signal of the valuable document on a preset region matches with an image signal of template information on the preset region, wherein the template information comprises an image signal and a second signal; determining (S14) the second signal of the template information at a preset position; determining (S15) a positional relationship between the preset position on the detection object and the image sensor; determining (S16) a positional relationship between the preset position on the detection object and the first sensor according to the positional relationship between the image sensor and the first sensor; and judging (S17) whether the first signal of the detection object at the preset position collected by the first sensor is the same as the second signal of the template information at the preset position, and if the first signal of the detection object at the preset position collected by the first sensor is the same as the second signal of the template information at the preset position, displaying (S20) that the valuable document is real; otherwise, displaying (S19) that the valuable document is fake. <EOS>