A holographic projector comprising: a reflective liquid crystal display device comprising: a light-modulating layer between a first substrate and a second substrate substantially parallel to the first substrate, wherein the light-modulating layer comprises planar-aligned nematic, "PAN", liquid crystals in a non-twisted configuration and having positive dielectric anisotropy; wherein the first substrate is substantially transparent and comprises a first alignment layer arranged to impart a first pre-tilt angle θ 1 on liquid crystals proximate the first substrate, wherein 5° < θ 1 ≤ 15°, wherein the second substrate is substantially reflective and comprises a second alignment layer arranged to impart a second pre-tilt angle θ 2 on liquid crystals proximate the second substrate, wherein 5° < θ 2 ≤ 15°; a plurality of pixels defined on the light-modulating layer having a pixel repeat distance x, wherein x ≤ 10 μm, wherein 0.5 μm ≤ d ≤ 3 μm, wherein d is the distance between inside faces of the first substrate and second substrate and Δ n ≥ 0.20, wherein Δn is the birefringence of the liquid crystal; and a display driver arranged to drive the reflective liquid crystal display device to display a hologram by independently-driving each pixel at a respective modulation level selected from a plurality of modulation levels having a phase modulation value. a reflective liquid crystal display device comprising: a light-modulating layer between a first substrate and a second substrate substantially parallel to the first substrate, wherein the light-modulating layer comprises planar-aligned nematic, "PAN", liquid crystals in a non-twisted configuration and having positive dielectric anisotropy; wherein the first substrate is substantially transparent and comprises a first alignment layer arranged to impart a first pre-tilt angle θ 1 on liquid crystals proximate the first substrate, wherein 5° < θ 1 ≤ 15°, wherein the second substrate is substantially reflective and comprises a second alignment layer arranged to impart a second pre-tilt angle θ 2 on liquid crystals proximate the second substrate, wherein 5° < θ 2 ≤ 15°; a plurality of pixels defined on the light-modulating layer having a pixel repeat distance x, wherein x ≤ 10 μm, wherein 0.5 μm ≤ d ≤ 3 μm, wherein d is the distance between inside faces of the first substrate and second substrate and Δ n ≥ 0.20, wherein Δn is the birefringence of the liquid crystal; and a light-modulating layer between a first substrate and a second substrate substantially parallel to the first substrate, wherein the light-modulating layer comprises planar-aligned nematic, "PAN", liquid crystals in a non-twisted configuration and having positive dielectric anisotropy; wherein the first substrate is substantially transparent and comprises a first alignment layer arranged to impart a first pre-tilt angle θ 1 on liquid crystals proximate the first substrate, wherein 5° < θ 1 ≤ 15°, wherein the second substrate is substantially reflective and comprises a second alignment layer arranged to impart a second pre-tilt angle θ 2 on liquid crystals proximate the second substrate, wherein 5° < θ 2 ≤ 15°; a plurality of pixels defined on the light-modulating layer having a pixel repeat distance x, wherein x ≤ 10 μm, wherein 0.5 μm ≤ d ≤ 3 μm, wherein d is the distance between inside faces of the first substrate and second substrate and Δ n ≥ 0.20, wherein Δn is the birefringence of the liquid crystal; and a display driver arranged to drive the reflective liquid crystal display device to display a hologram by independently-driving each pixel at a respective modulation level selected from a plurality of modulation levels having a phase modulation value. <EOS>