A test bench assembly for the simulation of cardiac surgery and/or interventional cardiology operations and/or procedures, comprising: - a passive heart , wherein said passive heart is an explanted or artificial or hybrid heart, said passive heart having at least one pair of cardiac chambers (14, 16; 114, 116) comprising an atrial chamber (14; 114) and a ventricular chamber (16; 116); said passive heart further comprising at least one outflow valve positioned at the outlet of said ventricular chamber of said at least one pair of cardiac chambers; each of said pair of cardiac chambers being separated by at least one heart valve (18; 118), which closes when the pressure in the ventricular chamber (16; 116) is higher than the pressure in the atrial chamber (14; 114) and which opens when the pressure in the atrial chamber (14; 114) is higher than the pressure in the ventricular chamber (16; 116); - a reservoir , adapted to house working fluid; - a pressure generator , adapted to provide said passive heart with a pumping function by pumping said working fluid, said pressure generator being fluidically connected both to said ventricular chamber (16; 116) of said passive heart by means of at least one ventricular conduit and to said reservoir by means of a reservoir conduit ; - at least one pressure regulation device (24; 124) which provides the working fluid in input to the atrial chamber (14; 114) with a preload pressure and the working fluid in output from the ventricular chamber (16; 116) and downstream of the outflow valve with an afterload pressure; said at least one pressure regulation device (24; 124) being fluidically connected both to said atrial chamber (14; 114) of said passive heart by means of a diastole branch and to said ventricular chamber (16; 116) of said passive heart through said outflow valve , by means of a systole branch; characterized in that said at least one pressure regulation device (24; 124) comprises a single compliant element for each pair of cardiac chambers (14, 16; 114, 116), said single compliant element acting as an expansion vessel, said single compliant element providing the working fluid with both the preload pressure and the afterload pressure. - a passive heart , wherein said passive heart is an explanted or artificial or hybrid heart, said passive heart having at least one pair of cardiac chambers (14, 16; 114, 116) comprising an atrial chamber (14; 114) and a ventricular chamber (16; 116); said passive heart further comprising at least one outflow valve positioned at the outlet of said ventricular chamber of said at least one pair of cardiac chambers; each of said pair of cardiac chambers being separated by at least one heart valve (18; 118), which closes when the pressure in the ventricular chamber (16; 116) is higher than the pressure in the atrial chamber (14; 114) and which opens when the pressure in the atrial chamber (14; 114) is higher than the pressure in the ventricular chamber (16; 116); - a reservoir , adapted to house working fluid; - a pressure generator , adapted to provide said passive heart with a pumping function by pumping said working fluid, said pressure generator being fluidically connected both to said ventricular chamber (16; 116) of said passive heart by means of at least one ventricular conduit and to said reservoir by means of a reservoir conduit ; - at least one pressure regulation device (24; 124) which provides the working fluid in input to the atrial chamber (14; 114) with a preload pressure and the working fluid in output from the ventricular chamber (16; 116) and downstream of the outflow valve with an afterload pressure; <EOS>