A piezoelectric element comprising: a substrate ; and a first electrode , a first piezoelectric film , a second electrode , a second piezoelectric film , and a third electrode which are provided on the substrate in this order, wherein the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film contain a perovskite-type oxide represented by Pb a {(Zr x Ti 1-x ) 1-y M y }O 3 , where M is a metal element selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Sb, Mo, and W, and 0 < x <1, 0 <y <1, and 0.9 ≤ a ≤ 1.2 are satisfied, as a main component, wherein in the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film , at least x and y are the same, characterized in that : one piezoelectric film of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film has a spontaneous polarization aligned in a film thickness direction, and in that where in a hysteresis curve showing polarization-voltage characteristics of the one piezoelectric film, a coercive voltage on a positive side is denoted by Vcf + and a coercive voltage on a negative side is denoted by Vcf, and in a hysteresis curve showing polarization-voltage characteristics of the other piezoelectric film of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film , a coercive voltage on a positive side is denoted by Vcr + and a coercive voltage on a negative side is denoted by Vcr - , |Vcr + + Vcr - | < |Vcf + + Vcf - | - 0.2, where units are all [V], is satisfied. a substrate ; and a first electrode , a first piezoelectric film , a second electrode , a second piezoelectric film , and a third electrode which are provided on the substrate in this order, wherein the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film contain a perovskite-type oxide represented by Pb a {(Zr x Ti 1-x ) 1-y M y }O 3 , where M is a metal element selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Sb, Mo, and W, and 0 < x <1, 0 <y <1, and 0.9 ≤ a ≤ 1.2 are satisfied, as a main component, wherein in the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film , at least x and y are the same, characterized in that : one piezoelectric film of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film has a spontaneous polarization aligned in a film thickness direction, and in that where in a hysteresis curve showing polarization-voltage characteristics of the one piezoelectric film, a coercive voltage on a positive side is denoted by Vcf + and a coercive voltage on a negative side is denoted by Vcf, and in a hysteresis curve showing polarization-voltage characteristics of the other piezoelectric film of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film , a coercive voltage on a positive side is denoted by Vcr + and a coercive voltage on a negative side is denoted by Vcr - , |Vcr + + Vcr - | < |Vcf + + Vcf - | - 0.2, where units are all [V], is satisfied. one piezoelectric film of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film has a spontaneous polarization aligned in a film thickness direction, and in that where in a hysteresis curve showing polarization-voltage characteristics of the one piezoelectric film, a coercive voltage on a positive side is denoted by Vcf + and a coercive voltage on a negative side is denoted by Vcf, and in a hysteresis curve showing polarization-voltage characteristics of the other piezoelectric film of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film , a coercive voltage on a positive side is denoted by Vcr + and a coercive voltage on a negative side is denoted by Vcr - , |Vcr + + Vcr - | < |Vcf + + Vcf - | - 0.2, where units are all [V], is satisfied. <EOS>