An article having a surface that is capable of repelling a foreign material, the article comprising: a substrate comprising a roughened surface comprising a chemical functionalizing layer, wherein the roughened surface has a roughness factor, R, that is greater than or equal to 1/cosθ, where the roughness factor is defined as the ratio between the real surface area and the projected surface area, wherein the real surface area is measured with an atomic force microscope utilizing an AFM probe having a radius of tip curvature that is less than 10nm and an aspect ratio greater than 10; and a lubricating liquid wetted and adhered to the chemically functionalized roughened surface to provide a liquid overlayer, wherein the lubricating liquid covers the roughened surface at a thickness sufficient to form a liquid upper surface above the chemically functionalized roughened surface; wherein θ is an equilibrium contact angle of the lubricating liquid on the substrate comprising a substantially flat surface comprising the chemical functionalizing layer; wherein the equilibrium contact angle is determined by a sessile drop method; wherein the roughened surface comprising the chemical functionalizing layer and the lubricating liquid have an affinity for each other such that the lubricating liquid is immobilized on the substrate to form a surface that is capable of repelling the foreign material, wherein the lubricating liquid can infuse into, wet, and stably adhere within the roughened surface; wherein the functionalized roughened surface is preferentially wetted by the lubricating liquid rather than the foreign material; and wherein the lubricating liquid and the foreign material are immiscible and do not chemically interact with each other. a substrate comprising a roughened surface comprising a chemical functionalizing layer, wherein the roughened surface has a roughness factor, R, that is greater than or equal to 1/cosθ, where the roughness factor is defined as the ratio between the real surface area and the projected surface area, wherein the real surface area is measured with an atomic force microscope utilizing an AFM probe having a radius of tip curvature that is less than 10nm and an aspect ratio greater than 10; and a lubricating liquid wetted and adhered to the chemically functionalized roughened surface to provide a liquid overlayer, wherein the lubricating liquid covers the roughened surface at a thickness sufficient to form a liquid upper surface above the chemically functionalized roughened surface; wherein θ is an equilibrium contact angle of the lubricating liquid on the substrate comprising a substantially flat surface comprising the chemical functionalizing layer; wherein the equilibrium contact angle is determined by a sessile drop method; wherein the roughened surface comprising the chemical functionalizing layer and the lubricating liquid have an affinity for each other such that the lubricating liquid is immobilized on the substrate to form a surface that is capable of repelling the foreign material, wherein the lubricating liquid can infuse into, wet, and stably adhere within the roughened surface; wherein the functionalized roughened surface is preferentially wetted by the lubricating liquid rather than the foreign material; and wherein the lubricating liquid and the foreign material are immiscible and do not chemically interact with each other. <EOS>