mhurhangee/patent-ind-claim-en huggingface dataset:
A method of increasing the level of C 6 monosaccharides and C 6 oligosaccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: providing lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: a first solid fraction comprising: cellulose; and lignin; and a first liquid fraction; optionally, separating said first solid fraction and said first liquid fraction; mixing said first solid fraction with water to form a slurry; pre-heating said slurry to a temperature of 210°C to 240°C at a pressure of 225 bar to 250 bar; contacting said slurry with a second reaction fluid to form a second reaction mixture comprising: a second solid fraction comprising: lignin; and a second liquid fraction comprising: a soluble C 6 saccharide selected from the group consisting of C 6 monosaccharides, C 6 oligosaccharides, and mixtures thereof; wherein said second reaction fluid comprises supercritical water and, optionally, carbon dioxide; wherein said second reaction fluid is at a temperature of at least 373°C under a pressure sufficient to maintain said second reaction fluid in supercritical form; and reducing the temperature of said second reaction mixture to a temperature less than 140°C; and optionally, hydrolyzing said second liquid fraction to form a composition comprising at least one C 6 saccharide selected from the group consisting of C 6 oligosaccharide having lower mer units, glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, and mixtures thereof. providing lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: a first solid fraction comprising: cellulose; and lignin; and a first liquid fraction; a first solid fraction comprising: cellulose; and lignin; and cellulose; and lignin; and a first liquid fraction; optionally, separating said first solid fraction and said first liquid fraction; mixing said first solid fraction with water to form a slurry; pre-heating said slurry to a temperature of 210°C to 240°C at a pressure of 225 bar to 250 bar; contacting said slurry with a second reaction fluid to form a second reaction mixture comprising: a second solid fraction comprising: lignin; and a second liquid fraction comprising: a soluble C 6 saccharide selected from the group consisting of C 6 monosaccharides, C 6 oligosaccharides, and mixtures thereof; a second solid fraction comprising: lignin; and a second liquid fraction comprising: a soluble C 6 saccharide selected from the group consisting of C 6 monosaccharides, C 6 oligosaccharides, and mixtures thereof; wherein said second reaction fluid comprises supercritical water and, optionally, carbon dioxide; wherein said second reaction fluid is at a temperature of at least 373°C under a pressure sufficient to maintain said second reaction fluid in supercritical form; and reducing the temperature of said second reaction mixture to a temperature less than 140°C; and optionally, hydrolyzing said second liquid fraction to form a composition comprising at least one C 6 saccharide selected from the group consisting of C 6 oligosaccharide having lower mer units, glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, and mixtures thereof.
A light modulating device comprising: a first light transmissive plate which includes one or more glass plates and has a curved surface ; a light modulating cell ; and an optically transparent adhesive film which is disposed between the curved surface of the first light transmissive plate and the light modulating cell and attaches one side of the light modulating cell to the curved surface of the first light transmissive plate , wherein the first light transmissive plate has a higher rigidity than the light modulating cell with respect to bending, the light modulating cell has: a first laminated body including a first resin substrate , and a first transparent electrode and a first alignment layer ; a second laminated body including a second resin substrate and a second alignment layer ; a liquid crystal layer provided between the first laminated body and the second laminated body; and a sealing member which is provided between the first laminated body and the second laminated body, defines a space in which the liquid crystal layer is formed, and is surrounding the liquid crystal layer , the liquid crystal layer contains a dichroic dye , and no polarizing plate is provided, wherein in a light shielding state where no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer and the dichroic dye , the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye are twisted by 180 degrees or more with respect to a direction perpendicular to a laminating direction in which the first laminated body, the liquid crystal layer and the second laminated body are stacked. a first light transmissive plate which includes one or more glass plates and has a curved surface ; a light modulating cell ; and an optically transparent adhesive film which is disposed between the curved surface of the first light transmissive plate and the light modulating cell and attaches one side of the light modulating cell to the curved surface of the first light transmissive plate , wherein the first light transmissive plate has a higher rigidity than the light modulating cell with respect to bending, the light modulating cell has: a first laminated body including a first resin substrate , and a first transparent electrode and a first alignment layer ; a second laminated body including a second resin substrate and a second alignment layer ; a liquid crystal layer provided between the first laminated body and the second laminated body; and a sealing member which is provided between the first laminated body and the second laminated body, defines a space in which the liquid crystal layer is formed, and is surrounding the liquid crystal layer , the liquid crystal layer contains a dichroic dye , and no polarizing plate is provided, wherein in a light shielding state where no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer and the dichroic dye , the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye are twisted by 180 degrees or more with respect to a direction perpendicular to a laminating direction in which the first laminated body, the liquid crystal layer and the second laminated body are stacked.
A method for cleaning a vending machine for producing hot beverages , wherein a cartridge containing a cleaning agent is connected to the feed of at least one liquid for producing hot beverages and a program for cleaning is started via a selection menu of the vending machine , wherein the cleaning agent is sucked out of the cartridge into the vending machine , characterized in that a depleted cartridge for water softening is replaced with a cartridge containing a cleaning agent when prompted by the vending machine, and a cleaning program is subsequently started via a selection menu of the vending machine for producing hot beverages , wherein the cleaning agent is sucked out of the cartridge into the vending machine and is guided into the parts of the vending machine , which are to be cleaned, wherein a cartridge for water softening is inserted into the vending machine again after cleaning is completed.
Device for filtering water, having a filter arrangement with a chemical-free self-cleaning function for filter cleaning and having an ozonisation device, having an inlet line for contaminated water, to which a pump is connected, wherein the ozone inlet line of an ozone source, specifically an ozone generator , is connected to the inlet line in order to supply ozone to the contaminated water, wherein the pump supplies ozonised water to a membrane filter module , specifically a cross-flow ultrafiltration module, characterised in that a portion of the water is filtered by the membrane and, in contrast, another portion of the water is passed via a pressure-regulating device, in particular a valve, in an unfiltered state out of the membrane filter module, and cleaned water, filtered by the membrane, issues, on the one hand, in an outlet and, on the other hand, in a container for pure drinking water, wherein the container is connected to the membrane filter module via lines and a reverse cleaning pump for counter-flushing the filter membranes in the membrane filter module and wherein the flushing-out of impurities retained in the membrane filter module takes place via a pressure-regulating device , in particular a valve, allocated to a waste water outlet , wherein, for reverse cleaning of the membrane filter module , the reverse cleaning pump for counter-flushing the filter membranes in the membrane filter module is connected to the membrane filter module via a further membrane filter module , an ultrafilter.
Sports footwear , comprising a shell , made of a substantially rigid material and designed for receiving the foot of a user, and a cuff , also made of a substantially rigid material and designed for receiving the lower portion of the leg of said user, wherein that said cuff comprises at least a first cuff portion , which is articulated to said shell , and at least a second cuff portion , which is articulated to said first cuff portion , said first cuff portion having a substantially tubular shape and being designed so as to surround at least a substantial part of a corresponding portion of the user's leg and said second cuff portion having a substantially tubular shape and being designed so as to surround at least a substantial part of a corresponding portion of the user's leg.
A disc brake for a utility vehicle having a brake calliper , which straddles a brake disc , takes the form of a sliding calliper, is fastened to a positionally static brake carrier and has a central opening over the brake disc ; two brake pads , which are arranged in the brake calliper , are able to move in opposite directions and each have a pad-carrier plate to which is fastened a friction pad , it being possible to press an action- or application-side brake pad against the brake disc by means of an application device via at least one brake plunger; and at least one resetting device by means of which the brake calliper can be reset following the displacement and release of the brake due to braking, this resetting device having a spreading device that engages with the opposing brake pads , acts in the same manner against the corresponding direction of application and has resilient spreading elements that engage with the corresponding pad-carrier plate , the spreading device being arranged in the central opening , the spreading elements engaging directly or indirectly outside the friction pads unilaterally in the central region on in at least two contact regions of the brake pads that are arranged spaced apart from one another in relation to the centre, the spreading device having spring arms as the resilient spreading elements, characterised in that the spring arms are connected to a retaining tie that is mounted on the brake carrier , this retaining tie being connected to two brake carrier horns that delimit a pad slot, the retaining tie being C-shaped with two opposing end legs and a central leg , the contact regions each having a contact surface and a bearing surface on which the spreading elements are arranged such that they are able to move.
A method of determining a sintering thermal impedance of a sintering layer , comprising: - providing a substrate having a predetermined substrate thermal impedance, - disposing the sintering layer on the substrate , the substrate and the sintering layer forming a stack , - placing at least one semiconductor die on the sintering layer , the semiconductor die comprising a semiconductor element comprising at least two element electrodes (45; 47), - injecting an electrical current through the at least two element electrodes (45; 47) for measuring a temperature sensitive parameter of the semiconductor element , - heating the stack for sintering the sintering layer with a predetermined heat power, - determining, while sintering, a semiconductor element temperature from the measured temperature sensitive parameter, - measuring a stack temperature, - determining a stack thermal impedance by subtracting the semiconductor element temperature from the stack temperature to obtain a temperature difference and dividing the temperature difference by the predetermined heat power, - determining the sintering thermal impedance at the location of the semiconductor die by subtracting the predetermined substrate thermal impedance from the stack thermal impedance. - providing a substrate having a predetermined substrate thermal impedance, - disposing the sintering layer on the substrate , the substrate and the sintering layer forming a stack , - placing at least one semiconductor die on the sintering layer , the semiconductor die comprising a semiconductor element comprising at least two element electrodes (45; 47), - injecting an electrical current through the at least two element electrodes (45; 47) for measuring a temperature sensitive parameter of the semiconductor element , - heating the stack for sintering the sintering layer with a predetermined heat power, - determining, while sintering, a semiconductor element temperature from the measured temperature sensitive parameter, - measuring a stack temperature, - determining a stack thermal impedance by subtracting the semiconductor element temperature from the stack temperature to obtain a temperature difference and dividing the temperature difference by the predetermined heat power, - determining the sintering thermal impedance at the location of the semiconductor die by subtracting the predetermined substrate thermal impedance from the stack thermal impedance.
A diagnostic device or kit for visual detection of bilirubin comprising a polymer membrane strip based bilirubin indicator having a chitosan stabilized gold nanoclusters based luminescence source treated by a Cu 2+ ions source to quench luminescence intensity of said gold nanoclusters; a UV source; and a variable luminescence intensity detector to visually indicate the quenched luminescence intensity in absence of liquid or solid phased bilirubin samples or the recovered luminescence intensity values in presence of liquid or solid phased bilirubin samples.
Textile article in the form of an aerated strip obtained by knitting or weaving, and suitable for constituting the upper part of a stocking or a sock, which article has on at least one side warp float (la) made of silicone yarns or silicone-coated yarns, in combination with a weave suitable for giving said strip an elongation capacity to be stretchable in warp and a weft lock, characterized in that the title of the silicone yarn or silicone-coated yarn forming the chain floats (la) is between about 800 and 3500 dtex; and in that : - in the case of a knit, the warp floats (la) are parallel to the warps which incorporate a weave having elongation capacities, the weft being made of rigid yarn , not extensible when subjected to manual pulling, under normal temperature and pressure conditions (CNTP); and - in the case of a weave, warp floats (la) are perpendicular to the weft yarns which are rigid, not extensible when exposed to manual pulling, under normal temperature and pressure conditions (CNTP), and the warp yards having an elongation capability. - in the case of a knit, the warp floats (la) are parallel to the warps which incorporate a weave having elongation capacities, the weft being made of rigid yarn , not extensible when subjected to manual pulling, under normal temperature and pressure conditions (CNTP); and - in the case of a weave, warp floats (la) are perpendicular to the weft yarns which are rigid, not extensible when exposed to manual pulling, under normal temperature and pressure conditions (CNTP), and the warp yards having an elongation capability.
A wireless communication method, comprising the following steps: receiving , by an access network device, a first downlink data flow sent by a core network device in a form of a flow; sending , by the access network device, information to user equipment, wherein the information comprises a mapping relationship between the first downlink data flow and a downlink bearer; sending , by the access network device, the first downlink data flow to the user equipment by using the downlink bearer; and receiving , by the access network device, a first uplink data flow sent by the user equipment by using an uplink bearer, wherein if the first uplink data flow is corresponding to the first downlink data flow, the uplink bearer is determined based on the downlink bearer, characterised in that the first downlink data flow received by the access network device comprises a reflective quality of service identifier, RQI, but the first downlink data flow sent by the access network device does not comprise the RQI. receiving , by an access network device, a first downlink data flow sent by a core network device in a form of a flow; sending , by the access network device, information to user equipment, wherein the information comprises a mapping relationship between the first downlink data flow and a downlink bearer; sending , by the access network device, the first downlink data flow to the user equipment by using the downlink bearer; and receiving , by the access network device, a first uplink data flow sent by the user equipment by using an uplink bearer, wherein if the first uplink data flow is corresponding to the first downlink data flow, the uplink bearer is determined based on the downlink bearer, characterised in that the first downlink data flow received by the access network device comprises a reflective quality of service identifier, RQI, but the first downlink data flow sent by the access network device does not comprise the RQI.
Sole for a sport shoe, work shoe or leisure shoe comprising a main body having a lower layer delimiting a surface, lower during use , set to come into contact with the ground and an upper layer set to come into contact with a foot of a user or to support from the bottom, during use, an insole, wherein said upper layer comprises a sheet or a top section of a sheet from which a plurality of protuberances project upward with a trim tilted with respect to the vertical and having a constraining base and a free end , such to have each free end closer to the back (R) of the sole with respect to the relative constraining base , said plurality of protuberances being provided in each zone of the sole, i.e. in a zone close to the front (F) and distal from the back (R) of the sole, in a zone close to the back (R) and distal from the front (F) of the sole and in a zone at the shoe waist (IP), or only in a zone close to the front (F) and distal from the back (R) of the sole and in a zone close to the back (R) and distal from the front (F) of the sole, or only in a zone close to the front (F) and distal from the back (R) of the sole, or only in a zone close to the back (R) and distal from the front (F) of the sole wherein said protuberances have curved progression in the direction from one side (S1) to the other (S2) of the sole or in a direction (y-y) transverse to the longitudinal extension or length (x-x) of the sole, and, characterized in that said protuberances at the front (F) and/or at the shoe waist (IP) of the sole each consists of, in the direction from the interior or medial part to the exterior or lateral part of the sole, a first curved section defining a first concavity (C1) open towards the back (R) of the sole and then a second curved section defining a second concavity (C2) open towards the front (F) of the sole. in each zone of the sole, i.e. in a zone close to the front (F) and distal from the back (R) of the sole, in a zone close to the back (R) and distal from the front (F) of the sole and in a zone at the shoe waist (IP), or only in a zone close to the front (F) and distal from the back (R) of the sole and in a zone close to the back (R) and distal from the front (F) of the sole, or only in a zone close to the front (F) and distal from the back (R) of the sole, or only in a zone close to the back (R) and distal from the front (F) of the sole wherein said protuberances have curved progression in the direction from one side (S1) to the other (S2) of the sole or in a direction (y-y) transverse to the longitudinal extension or length (x-x) of the sole, and, characterized in that said protuberances at the front (F) and/or at the shoe waist (IP) of the sole each consists of, in the direction from the interior or medial part to the exterior or lateral part of the sole, a first curved section defining a first concavity (C1) open towards the back (R) of the sole and then a second curved section defining a second concavity (C2) open towards the front (F) of the sole.
Use of β-cyclocitric acid, or a salt thereof for improving drought tolerance in a plant.
Method for maintaining a ventilation device of a railway vehicle , said railway vehicle comprising walls defining an outside space and an inside space , said ventilation device comprising: an air inlet duct which passes through one of said walls and opens into the inside space; an air filter arranged in said duct; and a fan capable of blowing air into the inside space through said duct, defining an inlet face and an outlet face of the air filter; the ventilation device further comprising a pressure measuring member capable of measuring a pressure difference (ΔP) between the air of the outside space and the air of the inside space, said inside space being considered in the region of the outlet face of the air filter; the method comprising the following steps: - measuring the pressure difference (ΔP), and - if said pressure difference is greater than a first threshold (ΔP 1 ), transmitting a first warning signal to a receiver outside the railway vehicle; and - if the pressure difference is greater than a second threshold (ΔP 2 ), said second threshold being greater than the first threshold, transmitting a second warning signal to a receiver inside the railway vehicle. - measuring the pressure difference (ΔP), and - if said pressure difference is greater than a first threshold (ΔP 1 ), transmitting a first warning signal to a receiver outside the railway vehicle; and - if the pressure difference is greater than a second threshold (ΔP 2 ), said second threshold being greater than the first threshold, transmitting a second warning signal to a receiver inside the railway vehicle.
A tool storage apparatus for use with a vehicle, said storage apparatus including a body formed by a base , top and sidewalls , which define a storage cavity therein, a portion of the apparatus moveable between open and closed positions so as to allow access to be gained to the storage cavity when the said portion is in an open position to allow the positioning of items therein and the removal of items therefrom, said body including locking means which allow the said portion to be locked in the closed position with the said body and securing means to allow the apparatus to be secured to said vehicle, the apparatus further includes at least one handle (12;24) in addition to and separate from, the locking means, and which is located on said portion , wherein said handle (12;24) includes or is attached to the portion by sacrificial elements , so that upon an attempt being made to gain access to the said cavity whilst said locking means are locked, by applying a force to, or via the said handle (12;24), said sacrificial elements will break so as to detach said handle (12;24) from the portion and prevent force being applied to said handle (12;24) to a level sufficient to break said locking means , characterized in that the apparatus further includes at least one further handle secured to the body such that the apparatus can be lifted by a user, and in that said further handle includes or is attached to said body by sacrificial elements, so that upon an attempt being made to remove said apparatus from said vehicle whilst secured to the vehicle by said securing means, by applying a force to or via the said at least one further handle , said sacrificial elements will break so as to detach said at least one further handle from the body and prevent force being applied to said at least one further handle to a level sufficient to break said securing means and remove said apparatus from said vehicle.