A computer-implemented method comprising: obtaining dual-pixel image data comprising a first sub-image and a second sub-image; determining (i) an in-focus image, characterised by : determining (ii) a first blur kernel corresponding to the first sub-image, and (iii) a second blur kernel corresponding to the second sub-image; determining a loss value using a loss function comprising one or more of: an equivalence loss term configured to determine a difference between (i) a convolution of the first sub-image with the second blur kernel and (ii) a convolution of the second sub-image with the first blur kernel, or a data loss term configured to determine a sum of (i) a difference between the first sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the first blur kernel and (ii) a difference between the second sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the second blur kernel; based on the loss value and the loss function, updating one or more of: (i) the in-focus image, (ii) the first blur kernel, or (iii) the second blur kernel; and generating image data based on one or more of: (i) the in-focus image as updated, (ii) the first blur kernel as updated, or (iii) the second blur kernel as updated. obtaining dual-pixel image data comprising a first sub-image and a second sub-image; determining (i) an in-focus image, characterised by : determining (ii) a first blur kernel corresponding to the first sub-image, and (iii) a second blur kernel corresponding to the second sub-image; determining a loss value using a loss function comprising one or more of: an equivalence loss term configured to determine a difference between (i) a convolution of the first sub-image with the second blur kernel and (ii) a convolution of the second sub-image with the first blur kernel, or a data loss term configured to determine a sum of (i) a difference between the first sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the first blur kernel and (ii) a difference between the second sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the second blur kernel; based on the loss value and the loss function, updating one or more of: (i) the in-focus image, (ii) the first blur kernel, or (iii) the second blur kernel; and generating image data based on one or more of: (i) the in-focus image as updated, (ii) the first blur kernel as updated, or (iii) the second blur kernel as updated. determining (ii) a first blur kernel corresponding to the first sub-image, and (iii) a second blur kernel corresponding to the second sub-image; determining a loss value using a loss function comprising one or more of: an equivalence loss term configured to determine a difference between (i) a convolution of the first sub-image with the second blur kernel and (ii) a convolution of the second sub-image with the first blur kernel, or a data loss term configured to determine a sum of (i) a difference between the first sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the first blur kernel and (ii) a difference between the second sub-image and a convolution of the in-focus image with the second blur kernel; based on the loss value and the loss function, updating one or more of: (i) the in-focus image, (ii) the first blur kernel, or (iii) the second blur kernel; and generating image data based on one or more of: (i) the in-focus image as updated, (ii) the first blur kernel as updated, or (iii) the second blur kernel as updated. <EOS>