A method for nucleic acid sequencing comprising: providing a substrate comprising an array of nanoFETs, each comprising a source, a drain, and a gate, wherein a plurality of the nanoFETs comprise a single polymerase enzyme complex comprising a polymerase enzyme and a template nucleic acid, the complex attached to gate of the nanoFET or to the substrate proximate to the gate of the nanoFET; providing a plurality of types of nucleotide analogs, each type of nucleotide comprising a conductivity label attached to the phosphate portion of the nucleotide analog through a linker, wherein each type of nucleotide has a different linker, and each different linker is selected such that each type of nucleotide exhibits different current oscillation frequency characteristics, wherein the labels are neither reduced nor oxidized; exposing the substrate to a plurality of types of nucleotide analogs under conditions whereby polymerase mediated nucleic acid synthesis occurs, resulting in cleavage of the conductivity label and the growth of a nascent nucleic acid strand; applying a voltage between the source and drain, whereby when a nucleotide analog resides in the active site of the enzyme, the conductivity label on the nucleotide analog produces a measurable change in the conductivity of the gate; monitoring an electrical signal at the nanoFET over time, whereby the electrical signal indicates an incorporation event for a nucleotide analog, wherein the electrical signal includes a measurement of current oscillation frequency, wherein the current oscillation frequency characteristics of the nucleotide analog while the nucleotide analog is associated with the polymerase enzyme is used to identify the type of nucleotide incorporated; and using the monitored electrical signal to determine a sequence of the template nucleic acid. providing a substrate comprising an array of nanoFETs, each comprising a source, a drain, and a gate, wherein a plurality of the nanoFETs comprise a single polymerase enzyme complex comprising a polymerase enzyme and a template nucleic acid, the complex attached to gate of the nanoFET or to the substrate proximate to the gate of the nanoFET; providing a plurality of types of nucleotide analogs, each type of nucleotide comprising a conductivity label attached to the phosphate portion of the nucleotide analog through a linker, wherein each type of nucleotide has a different linker, and each different linker is selected such that each type of nucleotide exhibits different current oscillation frequency characteristics, wherein the labels are neither reduced nor oxidized; exposing the substrate to a plurality of types of nucleotide analogs under conditions whereby polymerase mediated nucleic acid synthesis occurs, resulting in cleavage of the conductivity label and the growth of a nascent nucleic acid strand; applying a voltage between the source and drain, whereby when a nucleotide analog resides in the active site of the enzyme, the conductivity label on the nucleotide analog produces a measurable change in the conductivity of the gate; monitoring an electrical signal at the nanoFET over time, whereby the electrical signal indicates an incorporation event for a nucleotide analog, wherein the electrical signal includes a measurement of current oscillation frequency, wherein the current oscillation frequency characteristics of the nucleotide analog while the nucleotide analog is associated with the polymerase enzyme is used to identify the type of nucleotide incorporated; and using the monitored electrical signal to determine a sequence of the template nucleic acid. <EOS>