A method for exchanging a component (2-8) in a passenger transport system , wherein a digital replica dataset , which is digitally stored in a computer or on a machine-readable medium and can be processed in a computer , exists parallel to the passenger transport system , wherein said digital replica dataset comprises data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of the passenger transport system , wherein said method comprises the step of physically exchanging the component (2-8) by removing an existing component (2-8) from the passenger transport system and replacing the existing component (2-8) with a replacement component (2-8); wherein component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of the component (2-8) is exchanged in an at least partially automated manner by replacing component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of the existing component (2-8) with component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of the replacement component (2-8) in the digital replica dataset , characterized in that the digital replica dataset is composed of a plurality of component dataset modules , wherein each of these component dataset modules respectively describes component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of one of the components (2-8) in the passenger transport system , wherein the physical properties described in the component data take into account the respective degree of wear of the existing component (2-8), which can be determined by means of sensors integrated into the passenger transport system , wherein an entire component dataset module is respectively replaced in the digital replica dataset during an exchange of component data , and wherein a current analysis of the digital replica dataset , as well as the aforementioned structuring of the digital replica dataset by means of component dataset modules , makes it possible to reduce the simulations to the individual component or its component dataset module and to thereby directly identify the failing physical component (2-8). physically exchanging the component (2-8) by removing an existing component (2-8) from the passenger transport system and replacing the existing component (2-8) with a replacement component (2-8); wherein component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of the component (2-8) is exchanged in an at least partially automated manner by replacing component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of the existing component (2-8) with component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of the replacement component (2-8) in the digital replica dataset , characterized in that the digital replica dataset is composed of a plurality of component dataset modules , wherein each of these component dataset modules respectively describes component data concerning physical properties (Dna, ..., Dnx) of one of the components (2-8) in the passenger transport system , wherein the physical properties described in the component data take into account the respective degree of wear of the existing component (2-8), which can be determined by means of sensors integrated into the passenger transport system , wherein an entire component dataset module is respectively replaced in the digital replica dataset during an exchange of component data , and wherein a current analysis of the digital replica dataset , as well as the aforementioned structuring of the digital replica dataset by means of component dataset modules , makes it possible to reduce the simulations to the individual component or its component dataset module and to thereby directly identify the failing physical component (2-8). <EOS>