A method of expanding cells, comprising: providing a semi-permeable hollow fiber membrane of a hollow fiber bioreactor, the hollow fiber membrane comprising a plurality of hollow fibers, wherein the hollow fibers each comprise an interior lumen and an extracapillary side, and the hollow fiber membrane having a lumen surface and an extracapillary surface; applying a first coating onto the lumen surface of the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the first coating comprises a material that promotes cellular adhesion to at least one of the lumen of the hollow fiber membrane and the extracapillary surface of the hollow fiber membrane; applying a second coating onto the lumen surface of the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the second coating comprises a soluble protein moiety; introducing a first plurality of cells comprising CD34+ Hematopoietic stem cells, HSCs, into hollow fibers of the hollow fiber bioreactor, wherein the first coating comprises fibronectin or isoforms, or functional equivalents thereof, and the second coating comprises stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1; and exposing the first plurality of cells in the hollow fibers to growth conditions; and, expanding at least a portion of the first plurality of cells in the hollow fibers of the bioreactor to generate a second plurality of expanded CD34+ HSCs that are expanded at least 50-fold, by introducing into the plurality of hollow fibers, and into contact with the first plurality of cells, a composition for expanding CD34+ HSCs, comprising glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist, and at least one of Stem Cell Factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (Flt-3L), interleukin 3 (IL-3) or interleukin 6 (IL-6). providing a semi-permeable hollow fiber membrane of a hollow fiber bioreactor, the hollow fiber membrane comprising a plurality of hollow fibers, wherein the hollow fibers each comprise an interior lumen and an extracapillary side, and the hollow fiber membrane having a lumen surface and an extracapillary surface; applying a first coating onto the lumen surface of the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the first coating comprises a material that promotes cellular adhesion to at least one of the lumen of the hollow fiber membrane and the extracapillary surface of the hollow fiber membrane; applying a second coating onto the lumen surface of the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the second coating comprises a soluble protein moiety; introducing a first plurality of cells comprising CD34+ Hematopoietic stem cells, HSCs, into hollow fibers of the hollow fiber bioreactor, wherein the first coating comprises fibronectin or isoforms, or functional equivalents thereof, and the second coating comprises stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1; and exposing the first plurality of cells in the hollow fibers to growth conditions; and, expanding at least a portion of the first plurality of cells in the hollow fibers of the bioreactor to generate a second plurality of expanded CD34+ HSCs that are expanded at least 50-fold, by introducing into the plurality of hollow fibers, and into contact with the first plurality of cells, a composition for expanding CD34+ HSCs, comprising glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist, and at least one of Stem Cell Factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (Flt-3L), interleukin 3 (IL-3) or interleukin 6 (IL-6). <EOS>