An X-ray microscope comprising an X-ray source , a sample holding part , a concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, a convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, and a light receiving part in this order, wherein the light receiving part is configured to receive an imaged X-ray image through the concave mirror and the convex mirror located at a position in an imaging relation to a position of the sample holding part , the X-ray microscope further comprising at least one pair of another concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and another convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the another concave mirror , the reflection convex surface of the another convex mirror , the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the another concave mirror , and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the another convex mirror , or at least one pair of a first concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and a second concave mirror having a reflection concave mirror and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the first concave mirror , the reflection concave surface of the second concave mirror , the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the first concave mirror , and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the second concave mirror . an X-ray source , a sample holding part , a concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, a convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, and a light receiving part in this order, wherein the light receiving part is configured to receive an imaged X-ray image through the concave mirror and the convex mirror located at a position in an imaging relation to a position of the sample holding part , the X-ray microscope further comprising at least one pair of another concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and another convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the another concave mirror , the reflection convex surface of the another convex mirror , the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the another concave mirror , and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the another convex mirror , or at least one pair of a first concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and a second concave mirror having a reflection concave mirror and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the first concave mirror , the reflection concave surface of the second concave mirror , the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the first concave mirror , and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the second concave mirror . <EOS>