A fiber recognition instrument , comprising: a signal receiving module , configured to receive optical signals; a signal processing module , configured to analyze and process the optical signals received by the signal receiving module, recover information carried in the optical signals, and, according to the recovered information, implement identification for a fiber to be recognized; wherein a data frame, which corresponds to the optical signals, is generated according to a sine signal combination coding scheme, wherein the data frame includes the identification information of the fiber to be recognized; the signal processing module , configured to perform a correlation operation for a frame header reference signal of the data frame with an original sequence obtained from the optical signals to determine a start position of the frame header, perform a cyclic shift for the original sequence, and shift the frame header to the start position of the original sequence; wherein the signal processing module comprises: a first calculating unit , configured to analyze and process the original sequence corresponding to the received optical signals, and determine the start position of the original sequence; a second calculating unit , configured to recover information carried in the original sequence whose start position is determined; and a judging unit , configured to judge whether the recovered identification information is the same as the identification information of the fiber to be recognized, and, if yes, determine that a fiber that transmits the optical signal is the fiber to be recognized. a signal receiving module , configured to receive optical signals; a signal processing module , configured to analyze and process the optical signals received by the signal receiving module, recover information carried in the optical signals, and, according to the recovered information, implement identification for a fiber to be recognized; wherein a data frame, which corresponds to the optical signals, is generated according to a sine signal combination coding scheme, wherein the data frame includes the identification information of the fiber to be recognized; the signal processing module , configured to perform a correlation operation for a frame header reference signal of the data frame with an original sequence obtained from the optical signals to determine a start position of the frame header, perform a cyclic shift for the original sequence, and shift the frame header to the start position of the original sequence; wherein the signal processing module comprises: a first calculating unit , configured to analyze and process the original sequence corresponding to the received optical signals, and determine the start position of the original sequence; a second calculating unit , configured to recover information carried in the original sequence whose start position is determined; and a judging unit , configured to judge whether the recovered identification information is the same as the identification information of the fiber to be recognized, and, if yes, determine that a fiber that transmits the optical signal is the fiber to be recognized. a first calculating unit , configured to analyze and process the original sequence corresponding to the received optical signals, and determine the start position of the original sequence; a second calculating unit , configured to recover information carried in the original sequence whose start position is determined; and a judging unit , configured to judge whether the recovered identification information is the same as the identification information of the fiber to be recognized, and, if yes, determine that a fiber that transmits the optical signal is the fiber to be recognized. <EOS>