A process for producing a modified coal ash, the process comprising: collecting a bulk quantity of the coal ash, the coal ash having been previously generated by combustion of coal, the quantity of the coal ash having at least one of the characteristics of 6% or greater Loss-on-ignition of carbon and 60 ppm or greater of ammonia; inserting the collected coal ash as a coal ash stream into a rotary volatilization vessel; subjecting the coal ash stream, while in the rotary volatilization vessel, to at least one of the following heating steps: (i) an indirect, sublimating heat, wherein the temperature and exposure time of the sublimating heat are selected to reduce the Loss-on-ignition of carbon to less than 3% and the selected exposure time ranges from 10 minutes to 30 minutes and the selected temperature ranges from 454.44°C to 648.89°C (850°F to 1200°F); and (ii) a gasifying heat, wherein the temperature and exposure time of the gasifying heat are selected to reduce the ammonia to 60 ppm or less and the selected exposure time ranges from 10 minutes to 20 minutes and the selected temperature ranges from 232.22°C to 398.89°C (450°F to 750°F); limiting exposure of the coal ash to between 11.33 and 84.95 cubic meters (400 and 3000 cubic feet) of air per minute while in the rotary volatilization vessel; and discharging the coal ash from the rotary volatilization vessel at a discharge rate ranging between 5 to 50 tons per hour upon completion of the heating step to form a modified coal ash. collecting a bulk quantity of the coal ash, the coal ash having been previously generated by combustion of coal, the quantity of the coal ash having at least one of the characteristics of 6% or greater Loss-on-ignition of carbon and 60 ppm or greater of ammonia; inserting the collected coal ash as a coal ash stream into a rotary volatilization vessel; subjecting the coal ash stream, while in the rotary volatilization vessel, to at least one of the following heating steps: (i) an indirect, sublimating heat, wherein the temperature and exposure time of the sublimating heat are selected to reduce the Loss-on-ignition of carbon to less than 3% and the selected exposure time ranges from 10 minutes to 30 minutes and the selected temperature ranges from 454.44°C to 648.89°C (850°F to 1200°F); and (ii) a gasifying heat, wherein the temperature and exposure time of the gasifying heat are selected to reduce the ammonia to 60 ppm or less and the selected exposure time ranges from 10 minutes to 20 minutes and the selected temperature ranges from 232.22°C to 398.89°C (450°F to 750°F); (i) an indirect, sublimating heat, wherein the temperature and exposure time of the sublimating heat are selected to reduce the Loss-on-ignition of carbon to less than 3% and the selected exposure time ranges from 10 minutes to 30 minutes and the selected temperature ranges from 454.44°C to 648.89°C (850°F to 1200°F); and (ii) a gasifying heat, wherein the temperature and exposure time of the gasifying heat are selected to reduce the ammonia to 60 ppm or less and the selected exposure time ranges from 10 minutes to 20 minutes and the selected temperature ranges from 232.22°C to 398.89°C (450°F to 750°F); limiting exposure of the coal ash to between 11.33 and 84.95 cubic meters (400 and 3000 cubic feet) of air per minute while in the rotary volatilization vessel; and discharging the coal ash from the rotary volatilization vessel at a discharge rate ranging between 5 to 50 tons per hour upon completion of the heating step to form a modified coal ash. <EOS>