A method of associating attributes with network addresses, comprising: obtaining and recording, by a network address to attribute association system executed on one or more electronic devices an association between a first network address and one or more attributes describing a location of, time of, intent of, or identity of, a user or a user's device, the association being produced from network address observations of the first network address by one or more source devices or network nodes , where the network address observations include a network address and one or more directly observed attributes; determining a second network address that is associated with the first network address based on a similarity criteria, the second network address initially lacking an association with the one or more attributes, wherein the similarity criteria includes association of the first network address and the second network address with a spatial proximity of respective associated locations, or a common venue or place associated to both network addresses; in response to the determining, propagating, by the network address to attribute association system executed on one or more electronic devices, the one or more attributes from the first network address to the second network address, to form an association between the second network address and the one or more attributes; storing the association between the second network address and the one or more attributes in a storage device of the one or more electronic devices; and providing the one or more attributes to a service provider in response to the second network address. obtaining and recording, by a network address to attribute association system executed on one or more electronic devices an association between a first network address and one or more attributes describing a location of, time of, intent of, or identity of, a user or a user's device, the association being produced from network address observations of the first network address by one or more source devices or network nodes , where the network address observations include a network address and one or more directly observed attributes; determining a second network address that is associated with the first network address based on a similarity criteria, the second network address initially lacking an association with the one or more attributes, wherein the similarity criteria includes association of the first network address and the second network address with a spatial proximity of respective associated locations, or a common venue or place associated to both network addresses; in response to the determining, propagating, by the network address to attribute association system executed on one or more electronic devices, the one or more attributes from the first network address to the second network address, to form an association between the second network address and the one or more attributes; storing the association between the second network address and the one or more attributes in a storage device of the one or more electronic devices; and providing the one or more attributes to a service provider in response to the second network address. <EOS>