A method of synthesizing a compound comprising condensing a compound of Formula II with a compound of Formula III to yield a compound of Formula IV, wherein: Formula II is: or a salt thereof; Formula III is: or a salt thereof; Formula IV is: or a salt thereof; W, Y, and Z are each independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O) and sulfur (S); and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R N are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halo, amino, hydroxy, cyano, formyl, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkoxy, halothioalkoxy, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, thioalkanoyl, halothioalkanoyl, carbonyloxy, halocarbonyloxy, carbonylthio, halocarbonylthio, thiocarbonyloxy, halothiocarbonyloxy, thiocarbonylthio, halothiocarbonylthio, and -S(O) n R 8 (n = 0 to 2, R 8 is directly connected to S), wherein R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halo, amino, hydroxy, thiol, cyano, formyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkoxy, halothioalkoxy, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, thioalkanoyl, halothioalkanoyl, carbonyloxy, halocarbonyloxy, carbonylthio, halocarbonylthio, thiocarbonyloxy, halothiocarbonyloxy, thiocarbonylthio, and halothiocarbonylthio, except that R N may further be selected from an amino protecting group. Formula II is: or a salt thereof; Formula III is: or a salt thereof; Formula IV is: or a salt thereof; W, Y, and Z are each independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O) and sulfur (S); and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R N are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halo, amino, hydroxy, cyano, formyl, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkoxy, halothioalkoxy, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, thioalkanoyl, halothioalkanoyl, carbonyloxy, halocarbonyloxy, carbonylthio, halocarbonylthio, thiocarbonyloxy, halothiocarbonyloxy, thiocarbonylthio, halothiocarbonylthio, and -S(O) n R 8 (n = 0 to 2, R 8 is directly connected to S), wherein R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halo, amino, hydroxy, thiol, cyano, formyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkoxy, halothioalkoxy, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, thioalkanoyl, halothioalkanoyl, carbonyloxy, halocarbonyloxy, carbonylthio, halocarbonylthio, thiocarbonyloxy, halothiocarbonyloxy, thiocarbonylthio, and halothiocarbonylthio, except that R N may further be selected from an amino protecting group. W, Y, and Z are each independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O) and sulfur (S); and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R N are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halo, amino, hydroxy, cyano, formyl, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkoxy, halothioalkoxy, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, thioalkanoyl, halothioalkanoyl, carbonyloxy, halocarbonyloxy, carbonylthio, halocarbonylthio, thiocarbonyloxy, halothiocarbonyloxy, thiocarbonylthio, halothiocarbonylthio, and -S(O) n R 8 (n = 0 to 2, R 8 is directly connected to S), wherein R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halo, amino, hydroxy, thiol, cyano, formyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkoxy, halothioalkoxy, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, thioalkanoyl, halothioalkanoyl, carbonyloxy, halocarbonyloxy, carbonylthio, halocarbonylthio, thiocarbonyloxy, halothiocarbonyloxy, thiocarbonylthio, and halothiocarbonylthio, except that R N may further be selected from an amino protecting group. <EOS>