A compound represented by a structure of formula I: wherein: X 1 represents C or N; X 2 represents C or N; provided that only one of X 1 and X 2 represents N; X 3 represents C or N; X 4 represents C or N; provided that only one of X 3 and X 4 represents N; X 5 represents C or N, provided that if X 5 represent N, R 5 is absent, X 3 represents C and X 4 represents C or N; R 1 represents CH, C1 - C3 alkyl, haloalkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, halo, or cyano; R 2 represents N, CH, optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkyl, haloalkyl, or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; or when X 1 represents C, X 2 represents N, and R 2 represents CH or N, R 1 and R 2 together with the atoms to which they are bound form a pyridine or pyrimidine ring that is optionally substituted with R 6 , wherein each R 6 independently represents C1 - C3 alkyl, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkoxy, halo, or cyano, and n is 0 or 1; R 3 represents H, =O, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine; R 3' represents H, =O, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine; R 4 represents H, is optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkyl, optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, or cyano; R 5 is absent or represents H, optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkyl, halo, or cyano; L represents C2 - C5 alkylene, optionally interrupted by -O-, and which is optionally substituted with hydroxyl, alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino; X 6 represents C or N, provided that if R 3 represents =O, X 6 is C, and if R 3 represents H, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine, X 6 is N; X 7 represents C or N, provided that if R 3' represents =O, X 7 is C, and if R 3' represents H, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine, X 7 is N; provided that only one of X 6 and X 7 represents N; and p is 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof. X 1 represents C or N; X 2 represents C or N; provided that only one of X 1 and X 2 represents N; X 3 represents C or N; X 4 represents C or N; provided that only one of X 3 and X 4 represents N; X 5 represents C or N, provided that if X 5 represent N, R 5 is absent, X 3 represents C and X 4 represents C or N; R 1 represents CH, C1 - C3 alkyl, haloalkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, halo, or cyano; R 2 represents N, CH, optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkyl, haloalkyl, or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; or when X 1 represents C, X 2 represents N, and R 2 represents CH or N, R 1 and R 2 together with the atoms to which they are bound form a pyridine or pyrimidine ring that is optionally substituted with R 6 , wherein each R 6 independently represents C1 - C3 alkyl, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkoxy, halo, or cyano, and n is 0 or 1; R 3 represents H, =O, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine; R 3' represents H, =O, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine; R 4 represents H, is optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkyl, optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, or cyano; R 5 is absent or represents H, optionally substituted C1 - C3 alkyl, halo, or cyano; L represents C2 - C5 alkylene, optionally interrupted by -O-, and which is optionally substituted with hydroxyl, alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino; X 6 represents C or N, provided that if R 3 represents =O, X 6 is C, and if R 3 represents H, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine, X 6 is N; X 7 represents C or N, provided that if R 3' represents =O, X 7 is C, and if R 3' represents H, optionally substituted Cl - C3 alkyl, or alkylamine, X 7 is N; provided that only one of X 6 and X 7 represents N; and p is 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof. <EOS>