Method, carried out by an imaging device , for generating a measure of authenticity of an object or for contributing in generating a measure of authenticity of the object , wherein the object comprises a surface at least partially comprising, or covered by, a base layer ; the base layer has at least one of a reflectance, reflectance spectrum, reflection, and emission optical property that has a spatial variability over the surface covered by the base layer ; the object with surface possessing texture and/or base layer possessing texture; a marking has been printed on a region of the surface covered by the base layer in such a manner that one of the afore-mentioned optical properties of the base layer is detectable by the imaging device through at least part of the marking ; and the marking is a machine-readable code, the code being at least one of a linear barcode and a two-dimensional barcode; the method comprising: imaging (s100) the marking ; reading (s200) the code represented by the imaged marking; generating (s300) a signature based on the one of the afore-mentioned optical properties of the base layer as detected by the imaging device through at least part of the imaged marking, wherein generating (s300) the signature comprises measuring spatial changes in the one of the afore-mentioned optical properties of the base layer as detected by the imaging device through the at least part of the imaged marking; transmitting (s400), to a processing device, the read code and the generated signature for enabling the generation of a measure of authenticity of the object ; and generating (s500) a measure of authenticity of the object based on the read code and the generated signature. the object comprises a surface at least partially comprising, or covered by, a base layer ; the base layer has at least one of a reflectance, reflectance spectrum, reflection, and emission optical property that has a spatial variability over the surface covered by the base layer ; the object with surface possessing texture and/or base layer possessing texture; a marking has been printed on a region of the surface covered by the base layer in such a manner that one of the afore-mentioned optical properties of the base layer is detectable by the imaging device through at least part of the marking ; and the marking is a machine-readable code, the code being at least one of a linear barcode and a two-dimensional barcode; imaging (s100) the marking ; reading (s200) the code represented by the imaged marking; generating (s300) a signature based on the one of the afore-mentioned optical properties of the base layer as detected by the imaging device through at least part of the imaged marking, wherein generating (s300) the signature comprises measuring spatial changes in the one of the afore-mentioned optical properties of the base layer as detected by the imaging device through the at least part of the imaged marking; transmitting (s400), to a processing device, the read code and the generated signature for enabling the generation of a measure of authenticity of the object ; and generating (s500) a measure of authenticity of the object based on the read code and the generated signature. <EOS>