A flexible surgical instrument system, comprising a flexible surgical instrument and a driving unit , wherein the flexible surgical instrument comprises a flexible continuous body structure composed of a distal structural body , a proximal structural body and a middle connecting body ; the distal structural body comprises at least one distal structural segment comprising distal spacing disks , a distal fixing disk and structural backbones ; the proximal structural body comprises a proximal structural segment comprising proximal spacing disks , a proximal fixing disk and structural backbones ; the middle connecting body comprises two channel fixing plates and structural backbone guide channels provided between the two channel fixing plates ; the structural backbones of the distal structural segment are securely connected, in one-to-one correspondence, to or are the same as the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment , one end of each of the structural backbones is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk , passing through the proximal spacing disks , the structural backbone guide channel , and the distal spacing disks in sequence, the other end of the structural backbone is securely connected to the distal fixing disk ; and wherein the driving unit comprises a motor part , a motion conversion part and a plurality of linear motion mechanisms , wherein a sterile barrier is provided between the motion conversion part and the linear motion mechanisms ; the motor part comprises a first fixing plate and a first motor securely connected to the first fixing plate ; and the motion conversion part comprises a plurality of transmission chains , each of the transmission chains converts a rotational output of the first motor into a linear motion of two output rods , the linear motion of the output rods is transferred to a push-pull rod at an input end of the linear motion mechanism through the sterile barrier , an output end of the linear motion mechanism is securely connected to one end of one driving backbone passing through the proximal spacing disks , and the other end of the driving backbone is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk ; the sterile barrier comprises a guide rod base , a guide rod slidably passing through the guide rod base , a first quick-locking head arranged at the rear end of the guide rod for connection with the output rod of the transmission chains , a second quick-locking head arranged at the front end of the guide rod for connection with the push-pull rod . wherein the driving unit comprises a motor part , a motion conversion part and a plurality of linear motion mechanisms , wherein a sterile barrier is provided between the motion conversion part and the linear motion mechanisms ; the motor part comprises a first fixing plate and a first motor securely connected to the first fixing plate ; and the motion conversion part comprises a plurality of transmission chains , each of the transmission chains converts a rotational output of the first motor into a linear motion of two output rods , the linear motion of the output rods is transferred to a push-pull rod at an input end of the linear motion mechanism through the sterile barrier , an output end of the linear motion mechanism is securely connected to one end of one driving backbone passing through the proximal spacing disks , and the other end of the driving backbone is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk ; the sterile barrier comprises a guide rod base , a guide rod slidably passing through the guide rod base , a first quick-locking head arranged at the rear end of the guide rod for connection with the output rod of the transmission chains , a second quick-locking head arranged at the front end of the guide rod for connection with the push-pull rod . <EOS>