A muffler for a chiller of a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration system, the muffler comprising: an upstream case having a fluid inlet; a downstream case connected to the upstream case at a downstream end of the upstream case, the downstream case having a fluid outlet ; the upstream case having a plurality of axially adjacent outer muffler rings and a plurality of axially adjacent inner muffler rings, the outer muffler rings being axially coextensive and a radially exterior to the inner muffler rings and defining a fluid inlet passage therebetween, wherein the outer muffler rings and inner muffler rings are a metal mesh material; wherein the plurality of inner muffler rings form an internal damping cavity; a blast area is located at an axial intersection of the upstream case and the downstream case , wherein axially between the blast area and the fluid outlet and within the downstream case is a plurality of flow effecting chambers including a first chamber which includes additional layers of metallic rings, and in a same axial location of the plurality of the flow effecting chambers there is a plurality of exhaust ports including a first exhaust port , wherein the chambers are axially adjacent and have an outer diameter defined by the inner diameter of the downstream case ; characterised in that : the upstream case is a primary upstream case and the muffler includes a secondary upstream case fluidly connected to the primary upstream case via an inlet proximate the downstream end of the primary upstream case , the secondary upstream case including a plurality of axially adjacent muffler rings that are a metal mesh material, wherein the muffler rings are internal muffler rings surrounding a center muffler chamber ; and a plurality of upstream muffler cases are defined by the primary upstream case and the secondary upstream case, the plurality of upstream muffler cases being configured to provide tuned muffler damping characteristics. an upstream case having a fluid inlet; a downstream case connected to the upstream case at a downstream end of the upstream case, the downstream case having a fluid outlet ; the upstream case having a plurality of axially adjacent outer muffler rings and a plurality of axially adjacent inner muffler rings, the outer muffler rings being axially coextensive and a radially exterior to the inner muffler rings and defining a fluid inlet passage therebetween, wherein the outer muffler rings and inner muffler rings are a metal mesh material; wherein the plurality of inner muffler rings form an internal damping cavity; a blast area is located at an axial intersection of the upstream case and the downstream case , wherein axially between the blast area and the fluid outlet and within the downstream case is a plurality of flow effecting chambers including a first chamber which includes additional layers of metallic rings, and in a same axial location of the plurality of the flow effecting chambers there is a plurality of exhaust ports including a first exhaust port , wherein the chambers are axially adjacent and have an outer diameter defined by the inner diameter of the downstream case ; characterised in that : the upstream case is a primary upstream case and the muffler includes a secondary upstream case fluidly connected to the primary upstream case via an inlet proximate the downstream end of the primary upstream case , the secondary upstream case including a plurality of axially adjacent muffler rings that are a metal mesh material, wherein the muffler rings are internal muffler rings surrounding a center muffler chamber ; and a plurality of upstream muffler cases are defined by the primary upstream case and the secondary upstream case, the plurality of upstream muffler cases being configured to provide tuned muffler damping characteristics. <EOS>