Method for detecting damage to a plurality of roller bearings providing rotational support to at least one rotating shaft of an engine, characterised in that it comprises the following steps: a) defining (S1) a measurement period P during which the shaft speed N varies between a low speed and a high speed higher than the low speed, said low speed and high speed lying within a wide range of speeds varying up to the maximum engine speed; b) acquiring (S2) a current vibration signal (Vc) of a mechanical vibration of engine components, over the entire measurement period P; c) capturing (S3) the current vibration signal (Vc) during the measurement period P; d) synchronising (S4) the captured vibration signal relative to speed variations of the shaft N over the measurement period P; e) transforming (S5) the captured and synchronised vibration signal (Vsync) into a frequency signal to obtain a spectrogram of frequency spectral lines ordered according to the rotation speed of the shaft N, and eliminating noise therefrom as a function of structural modes of the engine so as to obtain a spectrogram comprising only spectral lines that are relevant for detection of damage to the roller bearings; f) calculating (S6) the temporal mean of amplitudes of the spectral lines of the cleaned spectrogram to obtain a current engine vibration signature (Sc); g) calculating (S7) a deviation ratio curve (Δ) between the current vibration signature (Sc) of the engine and a reference healthy vibration signature of said engine, said reference healthy vibration signature being a reference vibration signature (Ss) of said engine formed by calculating a mean of current vibration signals of the engine measured over a determined period of the life of said engine corresponding to the first flights of said engine; and h) comparing (S8) the deviation ratio curve (Δ) with defect indicators in a pre-established database, listing theoretical damage to engine roller bearings so as to determine potential damage to said roller bearings. a) defining (S1) a measurement period P during which the shaft speed N varies between a low speed and a high speed higher than the low speed, said low speed and high speed lying within a wide range of speeds varying up to the maximum engine speed; b) acquiring (S2) a current vibration signal (Vc) of a mechanical vibration of engine components, over the entire measurement period P; c) capturing (S3) the current vibration signal (Vc) during the measurement period P; d) synchronising (S4) the captured vibration signal relative to speed variations of the shaft N over the measurement period P; e) transforming (S5) the captured and synchronised vibration signal (Vsync) into a frequency signal to obtain a spectrogram of frequency spectral lines ordered according to the rotation speed of the shaft N, and eliminating noise therefrom as a function of structural modes of the engine so as to obtain a spectrogram comprising only spectral lines that are relevant for detection of damage to the roller bearings; f) calculating (S6) the temporal mean of amplitudes of the spectral lines of the cleaned spectrogram to obtain a current engine vibration signature (Sc); g) calculating (S7) a deviation ratio curve (Δ) between the current vibration signature (Sc) of the engine and a reference healthy vibration signature of said engine, said reference healthy vibration signature being a reference vibration signature (Ss) of said engine formed by calculating a mean of current vibration signals of the engine measured over a determined period of the life of said engine corresponding to the first flights of said engine; and h) comparing (S8) the deviation ratio curve (Δ) with defect indicators in a pre-established database, listing theoretical damage to engine roller bearings so as to determine potential damage to said roller bearings. <EOS>