A camera module , comprising: a lens group comprising lenses; an optical array comprising a plurality of refractive elements arranged in an array, each of the plurality of refractive elements comprising a housing defining a chamber , electrodes , a first liquid , and a second liquid ; wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are filled in the chamber and are immiscible with each other; a refractive index of the first liquid is different from a refractive index of the second liquid ; the electrode , when being energized, is capable of generating an electric field acting on at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid in the chamber to change an interface between the first liquid and the second liquid ; and an image sensor arranged on an image side of the lens group and the optical array , and configured to receive light passing through the lens group and the optical array , wherein: the housing comprises an upper wall , a lower wall , and a side wall ; two ends of the side wall are connected to the upper wall and the lower wall , respectively; and the chamber is defined and enclosed by the upper wall , the lower wall , and the side wall , characterized in that , the electrode is arranged on an outer surface, facing away from the chamber , of at least one of the upper wall , the lower wall , or the side wall ; and a hydrophobic layer configured to repel the first liquid is arranged on an inner surface, facing towards the chamber , of at least one of the upper wall , the lower wall , or the side wall . a lens group comprising lenses; an optical array comprising a plurality of refractive elements arranged in an array, each of the plurality of refractive elements comprising a housing defining a chamber , electrodes , a first liquid , and a second liquid ; wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are filled in the chamber and are immiscible with each other; a refractive index of the first liquid is different from a refractive index of the second liquid ; the electrode , when being energized, is capable of generating an electric field acting on at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid in the chamber to change an interface between the first liquid and the second liquid ; and an image sensor arranged on an image side of the lens group and the optical array , and configured to receive light passing through the lens group and the optical array , wherein: the housing comprises an upper wall , a lower wall , and a side wall ; two ends of the side wall are connected to the upper wall and the lower wall , respectively; and the chamber is defined and enclosed by the upper wall , the lower wall , and the side wall , characterized in that , the electrode is arranged on an outer surface, facing away from the chamber , of at least one of the upper wall , the lower wall , or the side wall ; and a hydrophobic layer configured to repel the first liquid is arranged on an inner surface, facing towards the chamber , of at least one of the upper wall , the lower wall , or the side wall . the housing comprises an upper wall , a lower wall , and a side wall ; two ends of the side wall are connected to the upper wall and the lower wall , respectively; and the chamber is defined and enclosed by the upper wall , the lower wall , and the side wall , characterized in that , the electrode is arranged on an outer surface, facing away from the chamber , of at least one of the upper wall , the lower wall , or the side wall ; and a hydrophobic layer configured to repel the first liquid is arranged on an inner surface, facing towards the chamber , of at least one of the upper wall , the lower wall , or the side wall . <EOS>