A computer-implemented method to provide access information to reader computing devices, comprising: by one or more computing devices, receiving, from a user computing device , a user account identifier and a request for a virtual access card corresponding to the user account identifier, the user account identifier associated with an access system account; transmitting, to an access computing system corresponding to the access system account, a request for an access card identifier and an access key based on the received user account identifier; receiving, from the access computing system, the access card identifier and the access key, the access card identifier and the access key being formatted based on a communication protocol corresponding to a reader computing device utilized by the access computing system; and transmitting the access card identifier and the access key to the user computing device to allow the user computing device to communicate the access card identifier and the access key to the reader computing device via a wireless communication channel; receiving , from the user computing device, a notification of a refresh event for the access key associated with the access card identifier; the method characterised in that : in response to receiving the notification of the refresh event, transmitting , to the access computing system, the access card identifier and a request for an updated access key for the access card identifier; receiving , from the access computing system, the updated access key; and transmitting the updated access key to the user computing device, the user computing device associating the updated access key with the access card identifier. by one or more computing devices, receiving, from a user computing device , a user account identifier and a request for a virtual access card corresponding to the user account identifier, the user account identifier associated with an access system account; transmitting, to an access computing system corresponding to the access system account, a request for an access card identifier and an access key based on the received user account identifier; receiving, from the access computing system, the access card identifier and the access key, the access card identifier and the access key being formatted based on a communication protocol corresponding to a reader computing device utilized by the access computing system; and receiving, from a user computing device , a user account identifier and a request for a virtual access card corresponding to the user account identifier, the user account identifier associated with an access system account; transmitting, to an access computing system corresponding to the access system account, a request for an access card identifier and an access key based on the received user account identifier; receiving, from the access computing system, the access card identifier and the access key, the access card identifier and the access key being formatted based on a communication protocol corresponding to a reader computing device utilized by the access computing system; and transmitting the access card identifier and the access key to the user computing device to allow the user computing device to communicate the access card identifier and the access key to the reader computing device via a wireless communication channel; receiving , from the user computing device, a notification of a refresh event for the access key associated with the access card identifier; in response to receiving the notification of the refresh event, transmitting , to the access computing system, the access card identifier and a request for an updated access key for the access card identifier; receiving , from the access computing system, the updated access key; and transmitting the updated access key to the user computing device, the user computing device associating the updated access key with the access card identifier. <EOS>