A secondary battery structure comprising: a substrate (SUB10) having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface; a first electrode structure comprising a plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) spaced apart from each other, wherein the plurality of first electrode elements comprises a plurality of microelectrodes (EP10), which collectively defines a microelectrode array; a second electrode structure spaced apart from the first electrode structure when viewed from a plan view in a thickness direction of the substrate and comprising a second electrode element (EE20), wherein the plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) and second electrode element (EE20) are arranged on the first surface of the substrate; an electrolyte (ET10) which allows ions to move between the first electrode structure and second electrode structure, wherein the plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) is electrochemically and parallelly connected to the second electrode element (EE20) via the electrolyte member (ET10); wherein the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure define a cathode and an anode, the number of the first electrode elements (EE10) and the number of the second electrode element (EE20) are different from each other, the electrolyte includes an electrolyte member (ET10); and the plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) further comprises a plurality of first active material elements (AE10) disposed on the plurality of microelectrodes (EP10), each of the active material elements (AE10) having a particle structure defined by a single particle. a substrate (SUB10) having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface; a first electrode structure comprising a plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) spaced apart from each other, wherein the plurality of first electrode elements comprises a plurality of microelectrodes (EP10), which collectively defines a microelectrode array; a second electrode structure spaced apart from the first electrode structure when viewed from a plan view in a thickness direction of the substrate and comprising a second electrode element (EE20), wherein the plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) and second electrode element (EE20) are arranged on the first surface of the substrate; an electrolyte (ET10) which allows ions to move between the first electrode structure and second electrode structure, wherein the plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) is electrochemically and parallelly connected to the second electrode element (EE20) via the electrolyte member (ET10); wherein the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure define a cathode and an anode, the number of the first electrode elements (EE10) and the number of the second electrode element (EE20) are different from each other, the electrolyte includes an electrolyte member (ET10); and the plurality of first electrode elements (EE10) further comprises a plurality of first active material elements (AE10) disposed on the plurality of microelectrodes (EP10), each of the active material elements (AE10) having a particle structure defined by a single particle. <EOS>