A computer-implemented authentication method, comprising: in response to a login, generating a digital abstract of identity information for the login, wherein the identity information comprises an identity and an authorization level of a user requesting or authorizing execution of a transaction; transmitting the digital abstract of the identity information to one or more nodes of the blockchain for storage in the blockchain; obtaining , from the blockchain, a blockchain transaction identification associated with the digital abstract of the identity information; in response to the login being successful, executing the transaction; generating a digital abstract of operation information of the executed transaction, wherein the operation information includes transaction information of the transaction and the blockchain transaction identification associated with the digital abstract of the identity information; transmitting the digital abstract of the operation information to one or more nodes of the blockchain for storage in the blockchain; obtaining a blockchain transaction identification associated with the digital abstract of the operation information; obtaining , from a computing device, audit data for authentication against the operation information of the executed transaction; generating a digital abstract of the audit data; retrieving the digital abstract of the operation information from the blockchain according to the blockchain transaction identification corresponding to the digital abstract of the operation information; and determining authenticity of the audit data by verifying the generated digital abstract of the audit data against the retrieved digital abstract of the operation information. in response to a login, generating a digital abstract of identity information for the login, wherein the identity information comprises an identity and an authorization level of a user requesting or authorizing execution of a transaction; transmitting the digital abstract of the identity information to one or more nodes of the blockchain for storage in the blockchain; obtaining , from the blockchain, a blockchain transaction identification associated with the digital abstract of the identity information; in response to the login being successful, executing the transaction; generating a digital abstract of operation information of the executed transaction, wherein the operation information includes transaction information of the transaction and the blockchain transaction identification associated with the digital abstract of the identity information; transmitting the digital abstract of the operation information to one or more nodes of the blockchain for storage in the blockchain; obtaining a blockchain transaction identification associated with the digital abstract of the operation information; obtaining , from a computing device, audit data for authentication against the operation information of the executed transaction; generating a digital abstract of the audit data; retrieving the digital abstract of the operation information from the blockchain according to the blockchain transaction identification corresponding to the digital abstract of the operation information; and determining authenticity of the audit data by verifying the generated digital abstract of the audit data against the retrieved digital abstract of the operation information. <EOS>