A bulk sampling and laser-targeting system to provide for material identification of a bulk stream of material particles using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, the system comprising: a flow chute (110; 210) having a feeder end and an output end, configured to cause a bulk stream of material particles to flow along the flow chute (110; 210) gravitationally, whilst being supported against gravity by the chute, the flow chute (110; 210) including an aperture (113; 213); a LIBS laser system (310; 410) disposed adjacent the aperture (113; 213) and configured to direct a pulsed laser beam through the aperture (113; 213) and into a material flowing through the flow chute (110; 210), the aperture (113; 213) having a size sufficient to permit the laser beam to pass through to individual particles of the flowing material and to permit radiation from the individual particles to transmit back through the aperture (113; 213); and a radiation detection device (360; 460) disposed adjacent the aperture (113; 213) and adapted to collect the radiation emitted from the individual particles of material, wherein the radiation detection device (360; 460) is communicatively coupled to the LIBS laser system (310; 410) that includes a spectrometer and a controller, the spectrometer configured to identify a composition of the individual particles flowing in the flow chute, characterized in that the output end is angled down from the feeder end such that the flow chute (110; 210) is at an incline, the flow chute (110; 210) has a substantially concave-shaped configuration in cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow of the material, such that the material particles are constrained in a direction transverse to the flow direction and pass over the aperture, the aperture (113; 213) is disposed at a point of maximum concavity of the flow chute (110; 210) that is distal to the feeder end, wherein the aperture (113; 213) is formed through the underside of the flow chute (110; 210). a flow chute (110; 210) having a feeder end and an output end, configured to cause a bulk stream of material particles to flow along the flow chute (110; 210) gravitationally, whilst being supported against gravity by the chute, the flow chute (110; 210) including an aperture (113; 213); a LIBS laser system (310; 410) disposed adjacent the aperture (113; 213) and configured to direct a pulsed laser beam through the aperture (113; 213) and into a material flowing through the flow chute (110; 210), the aperture (113; 213) having a size sufficient to permit the laser beam to pass through to individual particles of the flowing material and to permit radiation from the individual particles to transmit back through the aperture (113; 213); and a radiation detection device (360; 460) disposed adjacent the aperture (113; 213) and adapted to collect the radiation emitted from the individual particles of material, wherein the radiation detection device (360; 460) is communicatively coupled to the LIBS laser system (310; 410) that includes a spectrometer and a controller, the spectrometer configured to identify a composition of the individual particles flowing in the flow chute, characterized in that the output end is angled down from the feeder end such that the flow chute (110; 210) is at an incline, the flow chute (110; 210) has a substantially concave-shaped configuration in cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow of the material, such that the material particles are constrained in a direction transverse to the flow direction and pass over the aperture, the aperture (113; 213) is disposed at a point of maximum concavity of the flow chute (110; 210) that is distal to the feeder end, wherein the aperture (113; 213) is formed through the underside of the flow chute (110; 210). <EOS>