Automated system for monitoring the blood sugar level of a patient, comprising: a blood sugar sensor ; an insulin injection device ; and a monitoring and control unit configured to foresee the future evolution of the blood sugar level of the patient from a physiological model and to monitor the insulin injection device based on this prediction, wherein: the physiological model comprises a system of differential equations that describes the evolution in time of a plurality of state variables (D l , D 2 , S 1 , S 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 , X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , I); and the monitoring and control unit is configured to implement a step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprising a step of assessment of initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of a value representative of the discrepancy between the estimated blood sugar level as estimated from the physiological model and the blood sugar level as measured by the sensor for a past observation period, considering said initial values [INIT] as random variables, and wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model further comprises a step of assessment of parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value. a blood sugar sensor ; an insulin injection device ; and a monitoring and control unit configured to foresee the future evolution of the blood sugar level of the patient from a physiological model and to monitor the insulin injection device based on this prediction, wherein: the physiological model comprises a system of differential equations that describes the evolution in time of a plurality of state variables (D l , D 2 , S 1 , S 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 , X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , I); and the monitoring and control unit is configured to implement a step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprising a step of assessment of initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of a value representative of the discrepancy between the estimated blood sugar level as estimated from the physiological model and the blood sugar level as measured by the sensor for a past observation period, considering said initial values [INIT] as random variables, and wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model further comprises a step of assessment of parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value. the physiological model comprises a system of differential equations that describes the evolution in time of a plurality of state variables (D l , D 2 , S 1 , S 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 , X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , I); and the monitoring and control unit is configured to implement a step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprising a step of assessment of initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of a value representative of the discrepancy between the estimated blood sugar level as estimated from the physiological model and the blood sugar level as measured by the sensor for a past observation period, considering said initial values [INIT] as random variables, and wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model further comprises a step of assessment of parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value. <EOS>