A method of configuring a pilot in a wireless communication system, comprising: configuring pilots in real time for different transmissions in a transmission process, based on current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer, and system requirement information (SOI); and sending a configuration result to the communication peer (S02); wherein configuring pilots in real time (S01) comprises: configuring a time domain pilot density to be within a preset time domain density range corresponding to the current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer and system requirement information; and/or configuring a frequency domain pilot density to be within a preset frequency domain density range corresponding to the current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer and system requirement information; wherein the wireless channel characteristic parameters comprise: a wireless channel correlation bandwidth and wireless channel correlation time; wherein the pilot density is configured such that the wider the wireless channel correlation bandwidth is, the less the corresponding frequency domain density within the preset the frequency domain density range is; and the longer the wireless channel correlation time is, the less the corresponding time domain density within the preset the time density range is; wherein the device capability information of the communication peer comprises: frequency synchronization accuracy and/or sampling phase synchronization accuracy; wherein the system requirement information comprises a modulation format. configuring pilots in real time for different transmissions in a transmission process, based on current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer, and system requirement information (SOI); and sending a configuration result to the communication peer (S02); wherein configuring pilots in real time (S01) comprises: configuring a time domain pilot density to be within a preset time domain density range corresponding to the current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer and system requirement information; and/or configuring a frequency domain pilot density to be within a preset frequency domain density range corresponding to the current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer and system requirement information; configuring a time domain pilot density to be within a preset time domain density range corresponding to the current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer and system requirement information; and/or configuring a frequency domain pilot density to be within a preset frequency domain density range corresponding to the current wireless channel characteristic parameters, device capability information of a communication peer and system requirement information; wherein the wireless channel characteristic parameters comprise: a wireless channel correlation bandwidth and wireless channel correlation time; wherein the pilot density is configured such that the wider the wireless channel correlation bandwidth is, the less the corresponding frequency domain density within the preset the frequency domain density range is; and the longer the wireless channel correlation time is, the less the corresponding time domain density within the preset the time density range is; wherein the device capability information of the communication peer comprises: frequency synchronization accuracy and/or sampling phase synchronization accuracy; wherein the system requirement information comprises a modulation format. <EOS>