A method for producing parasympathetic neurons from neural crest cells or autonomic neural progenitor cells derived therefrom, the method comprising: (a) a step of culturing the neural crest cells or autonomic neural progenitor cells derived therefrom in the presence of a cAMP production promoter, a BDNF signaling pathway activator, a GDNF signaling pathway activator, an NGF signaling pathway activator, an NT-3 signaling pathway activator, vitamin C, a protein kinase C activator, and a retinoic acid receptor agonist; wherein the cAMP production promoter is selected from the group consisting of forskolin (FSK), L-858051, and dibutyryl cAMP (DB-cAMP), wherein the BDNF signaling pathway activator is BDNF, wherein the GDNF signaling pathway activator is GDNF, wherein the NGF signaling pathway activator is NGF-β, wherein the NT-3 signaling pathway activator is NT-3, wherein the vitamin C is ascorbic acid, wherein the protein kinase C activator is selected from the group consisting of a phorbol ester, an ingenol ester, bryostatin 1, bryostatin 2, DCP-LA (FR236924), (-)-Indolactam V, SC-9, SC-10, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis phosphoric acid (PIP2), resiniferatoxin, mezerein, RHC-80267, and lipoxin A4, and wherein the retinoic acid receptor agonist is selected from the group consisting of retinoic acid, tamibarotene, Ch55, TTNPB, and AM580. (a) a step of culturing the neural crest cells or autonomic neural progenitor cells derived therefrom in the presence of a cAMP production promoter, a BDNF signaling pathway activator, a GDNF signaling pathway activator, an NGF signaling pathway activator, an NT-3 signaling pathway activator, vitamin C, a protein kinase C activator, and a retinoic acid receptor agonist; wherein the cAMP production promoter is selected from the group consisting of forskolin (FSK), L-858051, and dibutyryl cAMP (DB-cAMP), wherein the BDNF signaling pathway activator is BDNF, wherein the GDNF signaling pathway activator is GDNF, wherein the NGF signaling pathway activator is NGF-β, wherein the NT-3 signaling pathway activator is NT-3, wherein the vitamin C is ascorbic acid, wherein the protein kinase C activator is selected from the group consisting of a phorbol ester, an ingenol ester, bryostatin 1, bryostatin 2, DCP-LA (FR236924), (-)-Indolactam V, SC-9, SC-10, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis phosphoric acid (PIP2), resiniferatoxin, mezerein, RHC-80267, and lipoxin A4, and wherein the retinoic acid receptor agonist is selected from the group consisting of retinoic acid, tamibarotene, Ch55, TTNPB, and AM580. wherein the cAMP production promoter is selected from the group consisting of forskolin (FSK), L-858051, and dibutyryl cAMP (DB-cAMP), wherein the BDNF signaling pathway activator is BDNF, wherein the GDNF signaling pathway activator is GDNF, wherein the NGF signaling pathway activator is NGF-β, wherein the NT-3 signaling pathway activator is NT-3, wherein the vitamin C is ascorbic acid, wherein the protein kinase C activator is selected from the group consisting of a phorbol ester, an ingenol ester, bryostatin 1, bryostatin 2, DCP-LA (FR236924), (-)-Indolactam V, SC-9, SC-10, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis phosphoric acid (PIP2), resiniferatoxin, mezerein, RHC-80267, and lipoxin A4, and wherein the retinoic acid receptor agonist is selected from the group consisting of retinoic acid, tamibarotene, Ch55, TTNPB, and AM580. <EOS>