A hollow fiber virus removal membrane for removing viruses from a protein-containing solution, the virus removal membrane comprising a primary surface to which the protein-containing solution is applied, and a secondary surface from which a liquid that permeates through the virus removal membrane is flowed, wherein, when a solution containing gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm is applied through the primary surface to the virus removal membrane to allow the virus removal membrane to capture the gold colloids for measurement of brightness in a cross section of the virus removal membrane, a value obtained by dividing a standard deviation of a value of an area of a spectrum of variation in the brightness by an average of the value of the area of the spectrum of variation in the brightness, measured as described in the description, is 0.01 or more and 1.50 or less; a thickness of a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm or more and 30 nm or less are captured in the cross section of the virus removal membrane in a wet state is 10.0 μm or more and 30.0 μm or less; and the virus removal membrane is formed of cellulose, wherein a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 30 nm are captured is located at a place corresponding to 15% or more and 60% or less of a thickness of the virus removal membrane from the primary surface, a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm are captured is located at a place corresponding to 25% or more and 85% or less of the membrane thickness from the primary surface, and a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 15 nm are captured is located at a place corresponding to 60% or more and 90% or less of the membrane thickness from the primary surface, in the cross section of the virus removal membrane in a wet state, wherein a pore size is decreased and then increased, from the primary surface towards the secondary surface in the cross section of the virus removal membrane. the virus removal membrane comprising a primary surface to which the protein-containing solution is applied, and a secondary surface from which a liquid that permeates through the virus removal membrane is flowed, wherein, when a solution containing gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm is applied through the primary surface to the virus removal membrane to allow the virus removal membrane to capture the gold colloids for measurement of brightness in a cross section of the virus removal membrane, a value obtained by dividing a standard deviation of a value of an area of a spectrum of variation in the brightness by an average of the value of the area of the spectrum of variation in the brightness, measured as described in the description, is 0.01 or more and 1.50 or less; a thickness of a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm or more and 30 nm or less are captured in the cross section of the virus removal membrane in a wet state is 10.0 μm or more and 30.0 μm or less; and the virus removal membrane is formed of cellulose, wherein a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 30 nm are captured is located at a place corresponding to 15% or more and 60% or less of a thickness of the virus removal membrane from the primary surface, a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 20 nm are captured is located at a place corresponding to 25% or more and 85% or less of the membrane thickness from the primary surface, and a portion where gold colloids having a diameter of 15 nm are captured is located at a place corresponding to 60% or more and 90% or less of the membrane thickness from the primary surface, in the cross section of the virus removal membrane in a wet state, <EOS>