A method for detecting or monitoring renal, bladder and/or prostate cancer, said method comprising analysing nucleic acid obtained from a urine sample from a subject, detecting the presence of an aberration selected from a single nucleotide variant, indel, deletion, amplication and/or fusion in a coding sequence, or increased or decreased gene expression from a coding sequence, of at least one biomarker from each of Tables 1 to 7, as well as, the tumour mutational burden (TMB), and relating the presence of said biomarkers to the presence of malignancy wherein an algorithm indicative of the presence or level of malignancy is applied to the results obtained wherein a score of '0' is applied to results which show no changes over wild type or normal expression profiles of the various biomarkers; a score of '1' is applied in the case of the presence of an oncogenic mutation in a biomarker gene, or to the presence of 2 to 3 additional copies of a biomarker gene, or for the presence of an oncogenic gene fusion, or up to a 500 nRPM change in RNA expression of a biomarker gene, or for a TMB of <10mutations/Megabase; a score of '2' is applied in the case of the presence of from 4 to 8 additional copies of a biomarker gene; or to 500 to 1500 nRPM change in RNA expression of a biomarker gene; a score of '3' is applied in the case of the presence of from more than 8 additional copies of a biomarker gene; or to a >1500 nRPM change in RNA expression of a biomarker gene, or for a TMB of >10 mutations/Megabase; wherein an overall score of 0 is indicative of no malignancy, a score of 1 to 2 is indicative of a malignancy with intermediate specificity and high sensitivity, a score of 3 to 5 is indicative of a malignancy with high specificity and high sensitivity, and a score in excess of 6 is indicative of malignancy with very high specificity and very high sensitivity. the tumour mutational burden (TMB), and relating the presence of said biomarkers to the presence of malignancy wherein an algorithm indicative of the presence or level of malignancy is applied to the results obtained wherein a score of '0' is applied to results which show no changes over wild type or normal expression profiles of the various biomarkers; a score of '1' is applied in the case of the presence of an oncogenic mutation in a biomarker gene, or to the presence of 2 to 3 additional copies of a biomarker gene, or for the presence of an oncogenic gene fusion, or up to a 500 nRPM change in RNA expression of a biomarker gene, or for a TMB of <10mutations/Megabase; a score of '2' is applied in the case of the presence of from 4 to 8 additional copies of a biomarker gene; or to 500 to 1500 nRPM change in RNA expression of a biomarker gene; a score of '3' is applied in the case of the presence of from more than 8 additional copies of a biomarker gene; or to a >1500 nRPM change in RNA expression of a biomarker gene, or for a TMB of >10 mutations/Megabase; wherein an overall score of 0 is indicative of no malignancy, a score of 1 to 2 is indicative of a malignancy with intermediate specificity and high sensitivity, a score of 3 to 5 is indicative of a malignancy with high specificity and high sensitivity, and a score in excess of 6 is indicative of malignancy with very high specificity and very high sensitivity. <EOS>