A display substrate comprising: a base substrate , a pixel defining layer , and a first electrode layer between the base substrate and the pixel defining layer , wherein the pixel defining layer defines a plurality of sub-pixels on the base substrate , the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes , adjacent first electrodes of the plurality of first electrodes being separated from each other by a gap , wherein an orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer on the base substrate covers an orthographic projection of the gaps on the base substrate , wherein each sub-pixel comprises one of the plurality of first electrodes , a light emitting layer and a second electrode , wherein the light emitting layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode , charaterized in that respective second electrodes of the plurality of sub-pixels are connected to each other to form a second electrode layer , wherein the pixel defining layer is between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer , and the second electrode layer is directly in contact with and covers upper surfaces of the pixel defining layer and the light emitting layer facing away from the base substrate , wherein a lower surface of the pixel defining layer facing the base substrate directly contacts upper surfaces of the adjacent first electrodes of the plurality of first electrodes facing away the base substrate , such that the adjacent first electrodes of the plurality of first electrodes, the pixel defining layer and the base substrate enclose the gap and the gap defines a space that is not occupied by solids or liquids. a base substrate , a pixel defining layer , and a first electrode layer between the base substrate and the pixel defining layer , wherein the pixel defining layer defines a plurality of sub-pixels on the base substrate , the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes , adjacent first electrodes of the plurality of first electrodes being separated from each other by a gap , wherein an orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer on the base substrate covers an orthographic projection of the gaps on the base substrate , wherein each sub-pixel comprises one of the plurality of first electrodes , a light emitting layer and a second electrode , wherein the light emitting layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode , charaterized in that respective second electrodes of the plurality of sub-pixels are connected to each other to form a second electrode layer , wherein the pixel defining layer is between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer , and the second electrode layer is directly in contact with and covers upper surfaces of the pixel defining layer and the light emitting layer facing away from the base substrate , wherein a lower surface of the pixel defining layer facing the base substrate directly contacts upper surfaces of the adjacent first electrodes of the plurality of first electrodes facing away the base substrate , such that the adjacent first electrodes of the plurality of first electrodes, the pixel defining layer and the base substrate enclose the gap and the gap defines a space that is not occupied by solids or liquids. <EOS>