A device comprising: a plurality of measurement cells , each measurement cell including therein: a corresponding cell electrode coupled to a voltage source; a precharge transistor configured to reset the cell to a predetermined starting voltage from which the voltage may be integrated; a corresponding capacitor configured to be precharged by the voltage source to a known value; and a further transistor; wherein the further transistor and capacitor are configured to be capable of acting as an integrator; wherein the corresponding cell electrode is configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells while the corresponding cell electrode is electronically coupled to the corresponding capacitor; and wherein at least one measurement cell is configured to support a membrane having a nanopore disposed therein; a common electrode, the common electrode configured to apply a common potential to a liquid in a chamber above the cell electrodes in the plurality of measurement cells , wherein the common potential is common to all of the measurement cells ; and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters, wherein each corresponding capacitor from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters. a plurality of measurement cells , each measurement cell including therein: a corresponding cell electrode coupled to a voltage source; a precharge transistor configured to reset the cell to a predetermined starting voltage from which the voltage may be integrated; a corresponding capacitor configured to be precharged by the voltage source to a known value; and a further transistor; wherein the further transistor and capacitor are configured to be capable of acting as an integrator; wherein the corresponding cell electrode is configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells while the corresponding cell electrode is electronically coupled to the corresponding capacitor; and wherein at least one measurement cell is configured to support a membrane having a nanopore disposed therein; a corresponding cell electrode coupled to a voltage source; a precharge transistor configured to reset the cell to a predetermined starting voltage from which the voltage may be integrated; a corresponding capacitor configured to be precharged by the voltage source to a known value; and a further transistor; wherein the further transistor and capacitor are configured to be capable of acting as an integrator; wherein the corresponding cell electrode is configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells while the corresponding cell electrode is electronically coupled to the corresponding capacitor; and wherein at least one measurement cell is configured to support a membrane having a nanopore disposed therein; a common electrode, the common electrode configured to apply a common potential to a liquid in a chamber above the cell electrodes in the plurality of measurement cells , wherein the common potential is common to all of the measurement cells ; and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters, wherein each corresponding capacitor from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters. <EOS>