A computer system for determining a position of a light emitter disposed in object space, comprising: one or more processors; and computer readable media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions executable by the one or more processors to cause the system to: (i) receive-from an image sensor comprising an array of pixels arranged in rows and columns and a structure associated with and extending a height away from a surface of the image sensor , the structure defining a field of view for each pixel within the array of pixels and comprising a plurality of walls positioned on pixel boundaries, forming a regular grid-location information for a plurality of photoactivated pixels within the array of pixels, each of the plurality of photoactivated pixels receiving light from the light emitter disposed in the object space; (ii) determine a light intensity value for each of the plurality of photoactivated pixels; (iii) identify a first photoactivated pixel, the first photoactivated pixel being closer to the light emitter than other pixels of the plurality of photoactivated pixels; (iv) calculate a perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter ; and (v) construct the position of the light emitter based on a position of the first photoactivated pixel in the array of pixels and the perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter . one or more processors; and computer readable media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions executable by the one or more processors to cause the system to: (i) receive-from an image sensor comprising an array of pixels arranged in rows and columns and a structure associated with and extending a height away from a surface of the image sensor , the structure defining a field of view for each pixel within the array of pixels and comprising a plurality of walls positioned on pixel boundaries, forming a regular grid-location information for a plurality of photoactivated pixels within the array of pixels, each of the plurality of photoactivated pixels receiving light from the light emitter disposed in the object space; (ii) determine a light intensity value for each of the plurality of photoactivated pixels; (iii) identify a first photoactivated pixel, the first photoactivated pixel being closer to the light emitter than other pixels of the plurality of photoactivated pixels; (iv) calculate a perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter ; and (v) construct the position of the light emitter based on a position of the first photoactivated pixel in the array of pixels and the perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter . (i) receive-from an image sensor comprising an array of pixels arranged in rows and columns and a structure associated with and extending a height away from a surface of the image sensor , the structure defining a field of view for each pixel within the array of pixels and comprising a plurality of walls positioned on pixel boundaries, forming a regular grid-location information for a plurality of photoactivated pixels within the array of pixels, each of the plurality of photoactivated pixels receiving light from the light emitter disposed in the object space; (ii) determine a light intensity value for each of the plurality of photoactivated pixels; (iii) identify a first photoactivated pixel, the first photoactivated pixel being closer to the light emitter than other pixels of the plurality of photoactivated pixels; (iv) calculate a perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter ; and (v) construct the position of the light emitter based on a position of the first photoactivated pixel in the array of pixels and the perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter . <EOS>