A diagnostic or surgical microscope, with an illumination arrangement , wherein the illumination arrangement comprises a light source and defines an illumination beam path, and wherein the illumination arrangement comprises an illumination optics disposed between the light source and an objective of the microscope defining an imaging beam path, wherein at least one deflection means for coupling the illumination beam path into the imaging beam path is disposed in the beam path of the light source , and wherein the illumination optics comprises at least one pancratic system , wherein the illumination arrangement comprises, in beam direction of the light source, between the light source and the deflection means, arranged in the manner of a Köhler illumination, a collector lens arrangement , which is disposed behind the light source in beam direction of the light source , a field diaphragm disposed downstream of the collector lens arrangement and an auxiliary lens arrangement disposed downstream of the field diaphragm , and wherein the auxiliary lens arrangement comprises the at least one pancratic system, wherein the illumination arrangement comprises at least one optical device for reducing reflections of the illumination light at the objective of the microscope , characterized in that the optical device for reducing reflections in beam direction of the light source is disposed between the deflection means and the objective of the microscope , wherein optical device for reducing reflections comprises at least one pinhole diaphragm, and wherein the pinhole diaphragm comprises at least one circularly limited opening for an illumination main beam path of the illumination arrangement as well as openings for an off-axis beam path of the illumination light. with an illumination arrangement , wherein the illumination arrangement comprises a light source and defines an illumination beam path, and wherein the illumination arrangement comprises an illumination optics disposed between the light source and an objective of the microscope defining an imaging beam path, wherein at least one deflection means for coupling the illumination beam path into the imaging beam path is disposed in the beam path of the light source , and wherein the illumination optics comprises at least one pancratic system , wherein the illumination arrangement comprises, in beam direction of the light source, between the light source and the deflection means, arranged in the manner of a Köhler illumination, a collector lens arrangement , which is disposed behind the light source in beam direction of the light source , a field diaphragm disposed downstream of the collector lens arrangement and an auxiliary lens arrangement disposed downstream of the field diaphragm , and wherein the auxiliary lens arrangement comprises the at least one pancratic system, wherein the illumination arrangement comprises at least one optical device for reducing reflections of the illumination light at the objective of the microscope , characterized in that the optical device for reducing reflections in beam direction of the light source is disposed between the deflection means and the objective of the microscope , wherein optical device for reducing reflections comprises at least one pinhole diaphragm, and wherein the pinhole diaphragm comprises at least one circularly limited opening for an illumination main beam path of the illumination arrangement as well as openings for an off-axis beam path of the illumination light. <EOS>