Substrate (1, 1', 1") having a marking element (3, 3', 3") wherein the marking element (3, 3', 3") extends across at least one first surface area (9, 9', 9") of the substrate (1, 1', 1") and at least one second surface area (11, 11', 11") of the substrate (1, 1', 1"); wherein across the first surface area (9, 9', 9") the substrate (1, 1', 1") has at least one first roughness value for at least one surface roughness of the first surface area (9, 9', 9") and across the second surface area (11, 11', 11") the substrate (1, 1', 1") has at least one second roughness value for the surface roughness of the second surface area (11, 11', 11"); wherein in at least one height profile of the substrate (1, 1', 1") along at least one cutting line crossing at least in part the first and second surface area (9, 9', 9", 11, 11', 11 "), the height of the substrate (1, 1', 1") along a first section (17', 17") of the height profile corresponding to the first surface area (9, 9', 9") is larger than the height of the substrate (1, 1', 1") along a second section (19', 19") of the height profile corresponding to the second surface area (11, 11', 11"); wherein in the height profile the absolute value of the height difference between the point of maximum height or at least one averaged height, respectively, of the second section (19', 19") on the one hand and the point of minimal height or at least one averaged height, respectively, of the first section (17', 17") on the other hand defines a depth value; wherein the ratio of the depth value and the second roughness value is between 2 and 35; wherein the marking element (3, 3', 3") comprises at least one cavity (13, 13', 13") graved into the substrate (1, 1', 1"); wherein the second surface area (11, 11', 11") is at least one part of or corresponds to the surface of the cavity (13, 13', 13"). wherein the marking element (3, 3', 3") extends across at least one first surface area (9, 9', 9") of the substrate (1, 1', 1") and at least one second surface area (11, 11', 11") of the substrate (1, 1', 1"); wherein across the first surface area (9, 9', 9") the substrate (1, 1', 1") has at least one first roughness value for at least one surface roughness of the first surface area (9, 9', 9") and across the second surface area (11, 11', 11") the substrate (1, 1', 1") has at least one second roughness value for the surface roughness of the second surface area (11, 11', 11"); wherein in at least one height profile of the substrate (1, 1', 1") along at least one cutting line crossing at least in part the first and second surface area (9, 9', 9", 11, 11', 11 "), the height of the substrate (1, 1', 1") along a first section (17', 17") of the height profile corresponding to the first surface area (9, 9', 9") is larger than the height of the substrate (1, 1', 1") along a second section (19', 19") of the height profile corresponding to the second surface area (11, 11', 11"); wherein in the height profile the absolute value of the height difference between the point of maximum height or at least one averaged height, respectively, of the second section (19', 19") on the one hand and the point of minimal height or at least one averaged height, respectively, of the first section (17', 17") on the other hand defines a depth value; wherein the ratio of the depth value and the second roughness value is between 2 and 35; wherein the marking element (3, 3', 3") comprises at least one cavity (13, 13', 13") graved into the substrate (1, 1', 1"); wherein the second surface area (11, 11', 11") is at least one part of or corresponds to the surface of the cavity (13, 13', 13"). <EOS>