A system for treating and/or preventing a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the system comprising: at least one processor ; and a cardiac rhythm management (CRM) , containing a disorder treatment application comprising a plurality of modules executable on the at least one processor , the plurality of modules comprising: a reflex stimulation module for delivering at least one stimulation to modulate at least one reflex chosen from a swallowing reflex, a negative-pressure reflex, and any combination thereof, wherein: the disorder is chosen from obstructive apnea, central apnea, mixed apnea, snoring, flow limitation, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, dysphagia, esophageal reflux, laryngeal reflux, pharyngeal reflux, presence of unswallowed bolus, acid reflux, Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), and any combination thereof; the at least one stimulation is delivered with subthreshold parameters insufficient to independently elicit the at least one reflex in order to reduce a threshold of the at least one reflex and/or to maintain muscle tone of upper airway muscles; the reflex stimulation module is further configured to deliver one or more stimulations with suprathreshold parameters sufficient to independently elicit the swallowing reflex, the negative-pressure reflex, or combinations thereof; and the at least one stimulation is delivered in response to at least one stimulation signal. at least one processor ; and a cardiac rhythm management (CRM) , containing a disorder treatment application comprising a plurality of modules executable on the at least one processor , the plurality of modules comprising: a reflex stimulation module for delivering at least one stimulation to modulate at least one reflex chosen from a swallowing reflex, a negative-pressure reflex, and any combination thereof, wherein: the disorder is chosen from obstructive apnea, central apnea, mixed apnea, snoring, flow limitation, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, dysphagia, esophageal reflux, laryngeal reflux, pharyngeal reflux, presence of unswallowed bolus, acid reflux, Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), and any combination thereof; the at least one stimulation is delivered with subthreshold parameters insufficient to independently elicit the at least one reflex in order to reduce a threshold of the at least one reflex and/or to maintain muscle tone of upper airway muscles; the reflex stimulation module is further configured to deliver one or more stimulations with suprathreshold parameters sufficient to independently elicit the swallowing reflex, the negative-pressure reflex, or combinations thereof; and the at least one stimulation is delivered in response to at least one stimulation signal. the disorder is chosen from obstructive apnea, central apnea, mixed apnea, snoring, flow limitation, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, dysphagia, esophageal reflux, laryngeal reflux, pharyngeal reflux, presence of unswallowed bolus, acid reflux, Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), and any combination thereof; the at least one stimulation is delivered with subthreshold parameters insufficient to independently elicit the at least one reflex in order to reduce a threshold of the at least one reflex and/or to maintain muscle tone of upper airway muscles; the reflex stimulation module is further configured to deliver one or more stimulations with suprathreshold parameters sufficient to independently elicit the swallowing reflex, the negative-pressure reflex, or combinations thereof; and the at least one stimulation is delivered in response to at least one stimulation signal. <EOS>