An adsorption material, comprising: a metal-organic framework comprising a plurality of divalent cations and a plurality of polytopic organic linkers; and a plurality of ligands, wherein each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands is amine appended to a divalent cation in the plurality of divalent cations of the metal-organic framework, each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands comprising a substituted 1,3-propanediamine, wherein each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands has the structure: wherein, X labels an amine of the respective ligand that is appended to a divalent cation in the plurality of divalent cations, Z is carbon, silicon, or germanium, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently selected from H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, with the provisos that when R 3 is H, R 4 is other than H or methyl, and when R 4 is H, R 3 is other than H or methyl, wherein the term "alkyl", by itself or as part of another substituent, means as straight or branched chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, or combination thereof, which is fully saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated and can include multivalent radicals. a metal-organic framework comprising a plurality of divalent cations and a plurality of polytopic organic linkers; and a plurality of ligands, wherein each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands is amine appended to a divalent cation in the plurality of divalent cations of the metal-organic framework, each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands comprising a substituted 1,3-propanediamine, wherein each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands has the structure: wherein, X labels an amine of the respective ligand that is appended to a divalent cation in the plurality of divalent cations, Z is carbon, silicon, or germanium, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently selected from H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, with the provisos that when R 3 is H, R 4 is other than H or methyl, and when R 4 is H, R 3 is other than H or methyl, wherein the term "alkyl", by itself or as part of another substituent, means as straight or branched chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, or combination thereof, which is fully saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated and can include multivalent radicals. X labels an amine of the respective ligand that is appended to a divalent cation in the plurality of divalent cations, Z is carbon, silicon, or germanium, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently selected from H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, with the provisos that when R 3 is H, R 4 is other than H or methyl, and when R 4 is H, R 3 is other than H or methyl, <EOS>