A battery monitor coupled to a battery comprising at least one cell, the at least one cell including a first cell, the battery monitor comprising: a voltage sensor electrically coupled to the battery ; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: cause discharge of current from the battery over a sequence of discharge periods , each discharge period followed by a recovery period; obtain, using the voltage sensor, a first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during recovery periods that follow respective discharge periods, the obtaining comprising: obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one first voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a first recovery period after a first discharge period ; and obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one second voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a second recovery period after a second discharge period, wherein the second recovery period is subsequent to the first recovery period ; wherein the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell is used to indicate at least a portion of a first characterization of the first cell . a voltage sensor electrically coupled to the battery ; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: cause discharge of current from the battery over a sequence of discharge periods , each discharge period followed by a recovery period; obtain, using the voltage sensor, a first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during recovery periods that follow respective discharge periods, the obtaining comprising: obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one first voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a first recovery period after a first discharge period ; and obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one second voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a second recovery period after a second discharge period, wherein the second recovery period is subsequent to the first recovery period ; wherein the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell is used to indicate at least a portion of a first characterization of the first cell . cause discharge of current from the battery over a sequence of discharge periods , each discharge period followed by a recovery period; obtain, using the voltage sensor, a first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during recovery periods that follow respective discharge periods, the obtaining comprising: obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one first voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a first recovery period after a first discharge period ; and obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one second voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a second recovery period after a second discharge period, wherein the second recovery period is subsequent to the first recovery period ; obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one first voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a first recovery period after a first discharge period ; and obtaining, using the voltage sensor, at least one second voltage measurement of the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell during a second recovery period after a second discharge period, wherein the second recovery period is subsequent to the first recovery period ; wherein the first plurality of voltage measurements of the first cell is used to indicate at least a portion of a first characterization of the first cell . <EOS>