mhurhangee/patent-ind-claim-en huggingface dataset:
A control system in which a plurality of apparatuses in time synchronization with one another are connected to a network , wherein the network is configured to transfer a frame periodically exchanged by the plurality of apparatuses, the plurality of apparatuses include at least one control device and an apparatus controlled by the control device, each of the plurality of apparatuses is connected over the network, to a first apparatus configured to transmit a frame that arrives at each of the plurality of apparatuses and a second apparatus configured to receive a frame transmitted from each of the plurality of apparatuses, and each of the apparatuses includes information on a frame transfer path and transfer timing based on synchronous time, characterized in that : when a frame does not arrive at defined time through the transfer path and when a condition associated with a cycle is satisfied, at least one of the plurality of apparatuses is configured to transmit a resend request through the transfer path to the first apparatus connected to the network. the network is configured to transfer a frame periodically exchanged by the plurality of apparatuses, the plurality of apparatuses include at least one control device and an apparatus controlled by the control device, each of the plurality of apparatuses is connected over the network, to a first apparatus configured to transmit a frame that arrives at each of the plurality of apparatuses and a second apparatus configured to receive a frame transmitted from each of the plurality of apparatuses, and each of the apparatuses includes information on a frame transfer path and transfer timing based on synchronous time, characterized in that : when a frame does not arrive at defined time through the transfer path and when a condition associated with a cycle is satisfied, at least one of the plurality of apparatuses is configured to transmit a resend request through the transfer path to the first apparatus connected to the network.
A spherical ferrite powder characterized in including 15 to 30 wt% of the ferrite particles having the particle diameter of less than 11 μm and the volume average particle diameter is 10 to 50 μm, wherein larger-diameter ferrite particles having a particle diameter of 11 μm or more have a BET specific surface area of 0.1 to 2 m 2 /g, wherein smaller-diameter ferrite particles having a particle diameter of less than 11 μm have a BET specific surface area of 2 to 50 m 2 /g.
A rear lateral blind-spot warning system for a vehicle , comprising: a sensor configured to sense position information and movement information on an external obstacle ; a determiner configured to determine a type of the external obstacle located in a rear blind spot or a lateral blind spot of the vehicle based on the position information and the movement information sensed by the sensor , the type of the external obstacle being a passenger car or a large vehicle; a setter configured to set a rear lateral blind-spot warning range or a rear lateral blind-spot warning time based on the type of the external obstacle determined by the determiner ; and a controller configured to control a rear lateral blind-spot warning operation based on the rear lateral blind-spot warning range or the rear lateral blind-spot warning time set by the setter , wherein the sensor senses the position information on the external obstacle through sensed detection points sensed by the sensor from the external obstacle, characterized in that the determiner calculates a number of detection points based on the position or movement information on the external obstacle sensed by the sensor and sets a predetermined tracking range based on an initially sensed number of detection points and determines that the external obstacle is a large vehicle when a number of detection points located within the predetermined tracking range is greater than or equal to the calculated number of detection points or a predetermined number. a sensor configured to sense position information and movement information on an external obstacle ; a determiner configured to determine a type of the external obstacle located in a rear blind spot or a lateral blind spot of the vehicle based on the position information and the movement information sensed by the sensor , the type of the external obstacle being a passenger car or a large vehicle; a setter configured to set a rear lateral blind-spot warning range or a rear lateral blind-spot warning time based on the type of the external obstacle determined by the determiner ; and a controller configured to control a rear lateral blind-spot warning operation based on the rear lateral blind-spot warning range or the rear lateral blind-spot warning time set by the setter , wherein the sensor senses the position information on the external obstacle through sensed detection points sensed by the sensor from the external obstacle, characterized in that the determiner calculates a number of detection points based on the position or movement information on the external obstacle sensed by the sensor and sets a predetermined tracking range based on an initially sensed number of detection points and determines that the external obstacle is a large vehicle when a number of detection points located within the predetermined tracking range is greater than or equal to the calculated number of detection points or a predetermined number.
A method for performing wireless communication by a first device , the method comprising: generating a medium access control, MAC, protocol data unit, PDU, including a MAC control element, CE, for inter-UE coordination information, based on logical channel prioritization, LCP; transmitting (S1110), to a second device through a physical sidelink control channel, PSCCH, first sidelink control information, SCI, for scheduling of a physical sidelink shared channel, PSSCH, and second SCI, wherein the first SCI includes information related to frequency resource assignment, information related to time resource assignment and information related to a format of the second SCI; and transmitting (S1120), to the second device through the PSSCH, the second SCI including a source ID and a destination ID, and the MAC PDU, wherein the inter-UE coordination information is included in the MAC CE for the inter-UE coordination information in the MAC PDU, wherein the inter-UE coordination information includes information related to a preferred resource or information related to a non-preferred resource, and wherein, in the LCP, a priority of the MAC CE for the inter-UE coordination information is lower than a priority of data from a sidelink control channel, SCCH, and a priority of a MAC CE for sidelink, SL, channel state information, CSI, reporting, and the priority of the MAC CE for the inter-UE coordination information is higher than a priority of data from a sidelink traffic channel, STCH. generating a medium access control, MAC, protocol data unit, PDU, including a MAC control element, CE, for inter-UE coordination information, based on logical channel prioritization, LCP; transmitting (S1110), to a second device through a physical sidelink control channel, PSCCH, first sidelink control information, SCI, for scheduling of a physical sidelink shared channel, PSSCH, and second SCI, wherein the first SCI includes information related to frequency resource assignment, information related to time resource assignment and information related to a format of the second SCI; and transmitting (S1120), to the second device through the PSSCH, the second SCI including a source ID and a destination ID, and the MAC PDU, wherein the inter-UE coordination information is included in the MAC CE for the inter-UE coordination information in the MAC PDU, wherein the inter-UE coordination information includes information related to a preferred resource or information related to a non-preferred resource, and wherein, in the LCP, a priority of the MAC CE for the inter-UE coordination information is lower than a priority of data from a sidelink control channel, SCCH, and a priority of a MAC CE for sidelink, SL, channel state information, CSI, reporting, and the priority of the MAC CE for the inter-UE coordination information is higher than a priority of data from a sidelink traffic channel, STCH.
A wear-impeding lining element which includes at least three layers and which is configured to be mounted to a structure (7; 17) or surface exposed to wear, said lining element (1; 11) having a total thickness from 20 mm to 210 mm and said lining element comprising: a) a lower reinforcing layer (4; 14) which, when the lining element is mounted, is located adjacent said structure or surface exposed to wear; said reinforcement layer comprising either a homogenous polymer material or a reinforced polymer material provided with at least one reinforcement (4; 14a) embedded in the reinforcement layer polymer material, wherein said lower reinforcement layer has a thickness which forms 5-25% of said total thickness of the lining element, and wherein said lower reinforcement layer has a Shore(A) hardness in the range of 65-95; b) an upper wear-impeding layer (2; 12) comprising a polymer material with reinforcing fillers providing wear resistance and improved breaking strength, wherein said upper wear-impeding layer has a thickness which forms 50-71% of said total thickness of the lining element, and wherein said upper wear-impeding layer has a Shore(A) hardness in the range of 40-90; and c) an intermediate energy-absorbing layer (3; 13) which is sandwiched between said reinforcement layer (4; 14) and said wear-impeding layer (2; 12); said energy-absorbing layer comprising a polymer material including natural or synthetic rubber, wherein said intermediate energy-absorbing layer has a thickness which forms 7-30% of said total thickness of the lining element, and wherein said intermediate energy-aborbing layer has a Shore(A) hardness in the range of 30-70. a) a lower reinforcing layer (4; 14) which, when the lining element is mounted, is located adjacent said structure or surface exposed to wear; said reinforcement layer comprising either a homogenous polymer material or a reinforced polymer material provided with at least one reinforcement (4; 14a) embedded in the reinforcement layer polymer material, wherein said lower reinforcement layer has a thickness which forms 5-25% of said total thickness of the lining element, and wherein said lower reinforcement layer has a Shore(A) hardness in the range of 65-95; b) an upper wear-impeding layer (2; 12) comprising a polymer material with reinforcing fillers providing wear resistance and improved breaking strength, wherein said upper wear-impeding layer has a thickness which forms 50-71% of said total thickness of the lining element, and wherein said upper wear-impeding layer has a Shore(A) hardness in the range of 40-90; and c) an intermediate energy-absorbing layer (3; 13) which is sandwiched between said reinforcement layer (4; 14) and said wear-impeding layer (2; 12); said energy-absorbing layer comprising a polymer material including natural or synthetic rubber, wherein said intermediate energy-absorbing layer has a thickness which forms 7-30% of said total thickness of the lining element, and wherein said intermediate energy-aborbing layer has a Shore(A) hardness in the range of 30-70.
A method for optimizing beam shaping of a display comprising an array of light emitting elements, each corresponds to a pixel of said display, in order to adjust angular distribution of light pattern in an optical waveguide , wherein the method comprises the steps of: simulating (S1) a luminance distribution for positional and angular characteristics of luminance of the optical waveguide , measuring (S2) a luminance distribution for positional and angular characteristics of luminance of the optical waveguide , comparing (S3) the simulated luminance distribution with the measured luminance distribution of the optical waveguide , defining (S4) an optimum emission pattern for every pixel for every color of the display based on the measured luminance distribution, characterised by realizing (S5) a lens geometry per pixel of the display from the optimum emission pattern, and processing (S6) a lens system per pixel of the display based on the realized lens geometry in a digital process. simulating (S1) a luminance distribution for positional and angular characteristics of luminance of the optical waveguide , measuring (S2) a luminance distribution for positional and angular characteristics of luminance of the optical waveguide , comparing (S3) the simulated luminance distribution with the measured luminance distribution of the optical waveguide , defining (S4) an optimum emission pattern for every pixel for every color of the display based on the measured luminance distribution, characterised by realizing (S5) a lens geometry per pixel of the display from the optimum emission pattern, and processing (S6) a lens system per pixel of the display based on the realized lens geometry in a digital process.
Skin treatment device , adapted for delivery of an active ingredient into the human skin by means of iontophoresis, the device having electrodes to establish an electric field on the human skin, wherein the device comprises an array of n electrodes with at least a first , a second , and a third electrode, wherein the device is adapted to successively establish an electric field between pairs of electrodes formed by the first electrode and the second electrode of said array of n electrodes, and wherein the device is adapted to form a subsequent pair of electrodes comprising one of the electrodes of a previous pair of electrodes and a further electrode selected from the array of n electrodes, wherein the device is adapted to inverse the polarity of the electrode used in both the previous pair and the subsequent pair prior to establishing an electric field with the subsequent pair of electrodes characterised in that the device is adapted to successively form a pair of electrodes with the first and the second electrode of said array of n electrodes, the second and third electrode of said array of n electrodes, until the pair comprises electrodes n-1 and n, wherein the device is adapted to subsequently form a pair of electrodes with electrode n and the first electrode.
A method of making a fluorescent metallic toner, the method comprising: forming one or more fluorescent latexes which comprise a fluorescent agent, a first type of amorphous resin, and a second type of amorphous resin, wherein the first and second types of amorphous resins are present at a weight ratio in a range of from 2:3 to 3:2; forming a mixture comprising the one or more fluorescent latexes; a dispersion comprising aluminum flakes and a surfactant; one or more emulsions which comprise a crystalline resin, the first type of amorphous resin, the second type of amorphous resin; and optionally, a wax dispersion; aggregating the mixture to form particles of a predetermined size; forming a shell over the particles of the predetermined size to form core-shell particles; and coalescing the core-shell particles to form a fluorescent metallic toner; wherein the fluorescent metallic toner is a fluorescent silver toner characterized by a L* of at least 66 at a toner mass per area (TMA) of 0.65 mg/cm 2 , a reflectance at a TMA of 0.45 mg/cm 2 of at least 45 between a wavelength range of from 430 nm to 440 nm, or both; or wherein the fluorescent metallic toner is a fluorescent gold toner characterized by a L* of at least 64 at a TMA of 0.65 mg/cm 2 , a reflectance at a TMA of 0.45 mg/cm 2 of at least 30 between a wavelength range of from 500 nm to 600 nm, or both, wherein L* and the reflectance are measured as disclosed in the description. forming one or more fluorescent latexes which comprise a fluorescent agent, a first type of amorphous resin, and a second type of amorphous resin, wherein the first and second types of amorphous resins are present at a weight ratio in a range of from 2:3 to 3:2; forming a mixture comprising the one or more fluorescent latexes; a dispersion comprising aluminum flakes and a surfactant; one or more emulsions which comprise a crystalline resin, the first type of amorphous resin, the second type of amorphous resin; and optionally, a wax dispersion; aggregating the mixture to form particles of a predetermined size; forming a shell over the particles of the predetermined size to form core-shell particles; and coalescing the core-shell particles to form a fluorescent metallic toner; wherein the fluorescent metallic toner is a fluorescent silver toner characterized by a L* of at least 66 at a toner mass per area (TMA) of 0.65 mg/cm 2 , a reflectance at a TMA of 0.45 mg/cm 2 of at least 45 between a wavelength range of from 430 nm to 440 nm, or both; or wherein the fluorescent metallic toner is a fluorescent gold toner characterized by a L* of at least 64 at a TMA of 0.65 mg/cm 2 , a reflectance at a TMA of 0.45 mg/cm 2 of at least 30 between a wavelength range of from 500 nm to 600 nm, or both, wherein L* and the reflectance are measured as disclosed in the description.
A method for preparing (RS)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid, comprising the following steps: (a) adding a mixture comprising (R)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid and (S)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid to a strong base aqueous solution, heating to 80-95°C and stirring at this temperature for 8-12 hours; (b) adding an appropriate amount of water for dilution, cooling to 40-60°C and adjusting to pH=6.0-8.0 by adding hydrochloric acid dropwise; (c) adding activated carbon or diatomite for adsorption and decolorization while keeping a temperature of 40-60°C, and then filtering while hot to obtain a filtrate; (d) heating the filtrate and controlling the temperature in the range of 70-90°C, and adjusting to pH=1.0-2.5 by adding hydrochloric acid dropwise; and (e) cooling to 0-10°C, filtering and drying to obtain (RS)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid; wherein the strong base in step (a) is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. (a) adding a mixture comprising (R)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid and (S)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid to a strong base aqueous solution, heating to 80-95°C and stirring at this temperature for 8-12 hours; (b) adding an appropriate amount of water for dilution, cooling to 40-60°C and adjusting to pH=6.0-8.0 by adding hydrochloric acid dropwise; (c) adding activated carbon or diatomite for adsorption and decolorization while keeping a temperature of 40-60°C, and then filtering while hot to obtain a filtrate; (d) heating the filtrate and controlling the temperature in the range of 70-90°C, and adjusting to pH=1.0-2.5 by adding hydrochloric acid dropwise; and (e) cooling to 0-10°C, filtering and drying to obtain (RS)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid;
A computer-implemented method for monitoring and identifying failure in flight management systems, the method comprising: calculating, using a first flight management system, a first value of a guidance command for controlling an aircraft for a Required Navigation Performance Authorization Required, RNP AR, procedure; receiving a second value of the guidance command for controlling the aircraft for the RNP AR procedure from a second flight management system, wherein the first and second values are at least one of a roll command; a calculated cross track and track angle errors, and/or a calculated timing to transition between legs and segments of a flight plan; comparing the first value with the second value to determine whether the first value matches the second value; upon determining that the first value does not match the second value, using a flight management system monitor to determine, from the first flight management system and the second flight management system, a flight management system that has computed a correct value of the guidance command by: receiving a third value from the flight management system monitor; and comparing the third value with the first value and the second value to determine the flight management system that has computed the correct value of the guidance command; and generating a message indicating that the determined flight management system is to be used to guide the aircraft. calculating, using a first flight management system, a first value of a guidance command for controlling an aircraft for a Required Navigation Performance Authorization Required, RNP AR, procedure; receiving a second value of the guidance command for controlling the aircraft for the RNP AR procedure from a second flight management system, wherein the first and second values are at least one of a roll command; a calculated cross track and track angle errors, and/or a calculated timing to transition between legs and segments of a flight plan; comparing the first value with the second value to determine whether the first value matches the second value; upon determining that the first value does not match the second value, using a flight management system monitor to determine, from the first flight management system and the second flight management system, a flight management system that has computed a correct value of the guidance command by: receiving a third value from the flight management system monitor; and comparing the third value with the first value and the second value to determine the flight management system that has computed the correct value of the guidance command; and receiving a third value from the flight management system monitor; and comparing the third value with the first value and the second value to determine the flight management system that has computed the correct value of the guidance command; and generating a message indicating that the determined flight management system is to be used to guide the aircraft.
A wave energy generator for a coastal protection system, including: a base structure adapted to be arranged in a body of water so as to protect a coastline against incoming waves, the base structure having a foundation locatable on a floor of the body of water and a wall extending from the foundation to a point above a highest predicted height of the waves, in use; and at least one duct associated with the base structure for receiving an oscillating water column from the body of water , the oscillating water column oscillating in response to wave action of the incoming waves; wherein the duct forms part of an energy extraction system for capturing energy from the incoming waves, via the oscillating water column , and converting the captured energy into electrical energy; characterized in that an inner cross-section of the duct has a polygonal shape, wherein said polygonal shape is not a square or a rectangle. a base structure adapted to be arranged in a body of water so as to protect a coastline against incoming waves, the base structure having a foundation locatable on a floor of the body of water and a wall extending from the foundation to a point above a highest predicted height of the waves, in use; and at least one duct associated with the base structure for receiving an oscillating water column from the body of water , the oscillating water column oscillating in response to wave action of the incoming waves; wherein the duct forms part of an energy extraction system for capturing energy from the incoming waves, via the oscillating water column , and converting the captured energy into electrical energy; characterized in that an inner cross-section of the duct has a polygonal shape, wherein said polygonal shape is not a square or a rectangle.