A computer implemented encoding method, comprising: obtaining K information bits, wherein K is a positive integer not less than 1; determining to-be-encoded bits, wherein the to-be-encoded bits comprise (K+P) bits, the (K+P) bits comprise the K information bits and P check bits, the K information bits correspond to K polarization channels, the P check bits comprise T first-type check bits, all the T first-type check bits are parity check, PC, bits, reliability of a polarization channel corresponding to each of the T first-type check bits is greater than a minimum value of reliability of the K polarization channels, both P and T are nonnegative integers, and T≤P; performing polar coding on the to-be-encoded bits to obtain encoded bits, wherein the (K+P) bits are in a one-to-one correspondence with (K+P) rows in a generator matrix of the encoded bits, a minimum row weight of the (K+P) rows is W 1 , a maximum row weight corresponding to the T first-type check bits is less than or equal to W 2 , W 2 represents a minimum value other than W 1 in row weights of the (K+P) rows, and both W 1 and W 2 are positive integers not less than 1, characterised in that : the (K+P) rows comprise t1 first target rows, a row weight of each of the t1 first target rows is Wi, the t1 first target rows are in a one-to-one correspondence with t1 polarization channels, the T first-type check bits comprise f1 first-type check bits, the f1 first-type check bits correspond to f1 polarization channels with highest reliability in the t1 polarization channels, both t1 and f1 are positive integers not less than 1, t1<(K+P), and f1≤P. obtaining K information bits, wherein K is a positive integer not less than 1; determining to-be-encoded bits, wherein the to-be-encoded bits comprise (K+P) bits, the (K+P) bits comprise the K information bits and P check bits, the K information bits correspond to K polarization channels, the P check bits comprise T first-type check bits, all the T first-type check bits are parity check, PC, bits, reliability of a polarization channel corresponding to each of the T first-type check bits is greater than a minimum value of reliability of the K polarization channels, both P and T are nonnegative integers, and T≤P; performing polar coding on the to-be-encoded bits to obtain encoded bits, wherein the (K+P) bits are in a one-to-one correspondence with (K+P) rows in a generator matrix of the encoded bits, a minimum row weight of the (K+P) rows is W 1 , a maximum row weight corresponding to the T first-type check bits is less than or equal to W 2 , W 2 represents a minimum value other than W 1 in row weights of the (K+P) rows, and both W 1 and W 2 are positive integers not less than 1, characterised in that : the (K+P) rows comprise t1 first target rows, a row weight of each of the t1 first target rows is Wi, the t1 first target rows are in a one-to-one correspondence with t1 polarization channels, the T first-type check bits comprise f1 first-type check bits, the f1 first-type check bits correspond to f1 polarization channels with highest reliability in the t1 polarization channels, both t1 and f1 are positive integers not less than 1, t1<(K+P), and f1≤P. <EOS>