mhurhangee/patent-ind-claim-en huggingface dataset:
A process for the refining of crude tall oil (CTO), comprising a pre-treatment step involving washing and separation of impurities, said washing involving contacting the CTO with water in an amount of below 5 wt.% on incoming CTO, said pre-treatment step comprising removal of contaminants from the CTO by centrifugation and/or filtering, forming a first refined CTO stream, followed by a step for removal of water and volatiles in a steam stripper or a thin-film evaporator, thereby forming a second refined and substantially volatiles free CTO stream, wherein the second refined and substantially volatiles free CTO stream is further processed in a thin-film evaporator under vacuum to separate and remove a tall oil pitch stream formed, as a liquid stream, and yielding a third refined CTO stream, being a gaseous stream comprising fatty acids and resin acids, charged to a fractionation tower operating under vacuum at 1-25 mbar, preferably 1-10 mbar, thereafter condensed to yield at least one liquid stream of refined tall diesel (RTD), said RTD comprising from 2 - 30 % by volume of resin acids (RA) and from 20 - 90 % by volume of fatty acids and, wherein a RTD fraction rich in fatty acids is withdrawn from the upper part of the tower and a RA rich fraction comprising less than 5 % by volume of fatty acids is withdrawn from the bottom of the tower, and wherein the stream of RTD is deoxygenated forming hydrocarbon compounds in a subsequent step.
A resin composition comprising: a bisphenol A epoxy resin; an encapsulated curing agent including a core that contains a curing agent and a shell that covers the core; a filler; and a color material, the color material being a pigment different from carbon black, the filler being one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of fused silica, crystalline silica, and glass beads, the resin composition containing the filler in an amount of not less than 10 parts by weight and not more than 70 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the bisphenol A epoxy resin, the resin composition containing the color material in an amount of not less than 5 parts by weight and not more than 20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the bisphenol A epoxy resin. a bisphenol A epoxy resin; an encapsulated curing agent including a core that contains a curing agent and a shell that covers the core; a filler; and a color material, the color material being a pigment different from carbon black, the filler being one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of fused silica, crystalline silica, and glass beads, the resin composition containing the filler in an amount of not less than 10 parts by weight and not more than 70 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the bisphenol A epoxy resin, the resin composition containing the color material in an amount of not less than 5 parts by weight and not more than 20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the bisphenol A epoxy resin.
A case for an electromechanical actuator including an open face and on which said open face , a cover is mounted to close an opening of said open face , the case further including damping elements associated to the cover interposed between the cover and the case , each damping element extending according to a main vertical direction and includes a lower section which is received in a housing associated to the case characterized in that each damping element also includes an upper section which is received in an associated housing of the cover . the case further including damping elements associated to the cover interposed between the cover and the case , each damping element extending according to a main vertical direction and includes a lower section which is received in a housing associated to the case characterized in that each damping element also includes an upper section which is received in an associated housing of the cover .
A planar waveguide laser apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide comprising a core formed from a laser medium for absorbing pump light and claddings bonded to an upper surface and a lower surface of the core, each cladding having a smaller refractive index than the laser medium; a pump light generation source for emitting the pump light to a side surface of the core; and laser light reflection films formed on, out of four side surfaces of the core, two opposite side surfaces that are different from the side surface to which the pump light is emitted by the pump light generation source, wherein a structure of at least one side surface of two opposite side surfaces, out of four side surfaces of the planar waveguide, that are different from the side surface to which the pump light is emitted by the pump light generation source comprises a ridge structure , characterized in that the ridge structure comprises a projection and depressions that are adjacent to the projection and recessed toward the other side surface of the two opposite side surfaces, wherein the ridge structure is provided at least in one of the claddings , wherein the ridge structure is defined such that a change in the wave front state of laser light and a change in the propagating direction of the laser light are suppressed. a planar waveguide comprising a core formed from a laser medium for absorbing pump light and claddings bonded to an upper surface and a lower surface of the core, each cladding having a smaller refractive index than the laser medium; a pump light generation source for emitting the pump light to a side surface of the core; and laser light reflection films formed on, out of four side surfaces of the core, two opposite side surfaces that are different from the side surface to which the pump light is emitted by the pump light generation source, wherein a structure of at least one side surface of two opposite side surfaces, out of four side surfaces of the planar waveguide, that are different from the side surface to which the pump light is emitted by the pump light generation source comprises a ridge structure , characterized in that the ridge structure comprises a projection and depressions that are adjacent to the projection and recessed toward the other side surface of the two opposite side surfaces, wherein the ridge structure is provided at least in one of the claddings , wherein the ridge structure is defined such that a change in the wave front state of laser light and a change in the propagating direction of the laser light are suppressed.
An optical article comprising a substrate having at least one main face successively coated with: - a layer comprising chromium, silicon and oxygen, - a monolayer sub-layer having a thickness higher than or equal to 100 nm, - a multilayer interferential coating comprising a stack of at least one high refractive index layer having a refractive index higher than 1.55 and at least one low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.55 or less, wherein the refractive indexes are expressed at 20-25°C for a wavelength at 550 nm, and wherein the optical article has a Bayer value determined in accordance with the ASTM F735-81 standard higher than or equal to 7, characterised in that the ratio: R D = thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer s of the int erferential coating thickness of the outermost high refractive index layer s of the int erferential coating is higher than or equal to 1.7. - a layer comprising chromium, silicon and oxygen, - a monolayer sub-layer having a thickness higher than or equal to 100 nm, - a multilayer interferential coating comprising a stack of at least one high refractive index layer having a refractive index higher than 1.55 and at least one low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.55 or less, wherein the refractive indexes are expressed at 20-25°C for a wavelength at 550 nm, and
A method for carrier frequency handling in a cluster based communications network , the method being performed by a first wireless device acting as a cluster head device associated with a cluster head carrier frequency (f CH ), the method comprising: acquiring (S202) a difference between the cluster head carrier frequency and a network node carrier frequency (f NN ) associated with a network node ; and determining (S204), for a second wireless device camping on or served by the first wireless device acting as a cluster head device, a frequency adjustment action out of at least two possible frequency adjustment actions based on the magnitude of the frequency difference. acquiring (S202) a difference between the cluster head carrier frequency and a network node carrier frequency (f NN ) associated with a network node ; and determining (S204), for a second wireless device camping on or served by the first wireless device acting as a cluster head device, a frequency adjustment action out of at least two possible frequency adjustment actions based on the magnitude of the frequency difference.
A pneumatic tire having designated vehicle inner and outer orientations at the time of mounting on a vehicle, the pneumatic tire comprising: in a tread portion , a belt layer comprising a circumferential belt layer in which a belt cord is disposed along a tire circumferential direction, and a plurality of belt plies having a larger tire lateral direction dimension than a tire lateral direction dimension of the circumferential belt layer in which a belt cord is inclined toward the tire circumferential direction; characterized in that when the pneumatic tire is mounted on a regular rim, inflated to a regular internal pressure, and in an unloaded state a tread gauge from a tread surface of the tread portion to the belt layer is equal on a vehicle outer side and a vehicle inner side in a range in which the circumferential belt layer is disposed in a way that the difference in distance from the tread surface to the outermost position in the tire radial direction of the belt layer is 1 mm or less at each position of the same distance from the tire equatorial plane (CL) to the vehicle outer side and the vehicle inner side; and at positions located away from a tire equatorial plane (CL) toward the vehicle outer side and the vehicle inner side by 120% of half of the tire lateral direction dimension of the circumferential belt layer , a gauge H1out on the vehicle outer side and a gauge H1in on the vehicle inner side to a belt ply of the plurality of belt plies located outermost in a tire radial direction satisfy 1 mm ≤ H1 in - H1 out ≤ 3 mm. in a tread portion , a belt layer comprising a circumferential belt layer in which a belt cord is disposed along a tire circumferential direction, and a plurality of belt plies having a larger tire lateral direction dimension than a tire lateral direction dimension of the circumferential belt layer in which a belt cord is inclined toward the tire circumferential direction; characterized in that when the pneumatic tire is mounted on a regular rim, inflated to a regular internal pressure, and in an unloaded state a tread gauge from a tread surface of the tread portion to the belt layer is equal on a vehicle outer side and a vehicle inner side in a range in which the circumferential belt layer is disposed in a way that the difference in distance from the tread surface to the outermost position in the tire radial direction of the belt layer is 1 mm or less at each position of the same distance from the tire equatorial plane (CL) to the vehicle outer side and the vehicle inner side; and at positions located away from a tire equatorial plane (CL) toward the vehicle outer side and the vehicle inner side by 120% of half of the tire lateral direction dimension of the circumferential belt layer , a gauge H1out on the vehicle outer side and a gauge H1in on the vehicle inner side to a belt ply of the plurality of belt plies located outermost in a tire radial direction satisfy 1 mm ≤ H1 in - H1 out ≤ 3 mm.
Elastic bearing element having at least one first body , having at least one second body , and having at least one elastomer element arranged in the direction of a force flow between the first body and the second body , furthermore having at least one sensor configured and arranged to detect directly or indirectly a force in the force flow between the first body and the second body , wherein the sensor comprises at least one elastic layer , at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode , , wherein the elastic layer is arranged at least in sections between the first electrode and the second electrode , wherein the sensor is arranged in the force flow between the first body and the second body such that, by means of the force, the distance between the two electrodes can be altered and, by this means, the force can be at least partly detected, characterized in that the elastic layer comprises a rubber mixture comprising at least one silicone rubber, as the sole rubber component, and hollow microspheres, wherein the sensor is embodied in an elongate fashion, wherein the sensor , at least in sections in the direction of its elongate extent, is arranged at least substantially transversely with respect to the direction of the force flow. having at least one first body , having at least one second body , and having at least one elastomer element arranged in the direction of a force flow between the first body and the second body , furthermore having at least one sensor configured and arranged to detect directly or indirectly a force in the force flow between the first body and the second body , wherein the sensor comprises at least one elastic layer , at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode , , wherein the elastic layer is arranged at least in sections between the first electrode and the second electrode , wherein the sensor is arranged in the force flow between the first body and the second body such that, by means of the force, the distance between the two electrodes can be altered and, by this means, the force can be at least partly detected, characterized in that the elastic layer comprises a rubber mixture comprising at least one silicone rubber, as the sole rubber component, and hollow microspheres, wherein the sensor is embodied in an elongate fashion, wherein the sensor , at least in sections in the direction of its elongate extent, is arranged at least substantially transversely with respect to the direction of the force flow.
A method of amplifying a target DNA sequence from genomic DNA, the method comprising amplifying the genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction with one or more degenerate oligonucleotide primers, and subsequently amplifying the amplified genomic DNA with the one or more degenerate oligonucleotide primers in the presence of one or more target DNA sequence specific primers, wherein the amplifying with the one or more degenerate oligonucleotide primers comprises amplifying with the one or more degenerate oligonucleotide primers for 1 to 8 cycles with an annealing temperature of 20°C to 35°C, and the subsequent amplifying comprises amplifying for 5 to 25 cycles with an annealing temperature of 52°C to 65°C, thereby amplifying the target DNA sequence.
System housing of an E-axle module for an electrically driven vehicle, with a stator winding and a rotor of an electric machine, which is mounted in at least a first bearing plate and a second bearing plate , wherein the system housing is in the form of a double-walled extruded housing which comprises a cooling duct system which extends below a cooling surface of an installation space of power electronics , characterized in that the system housing receives an additional bearing support which is mounted centrally in the interior thereof and additionally supports a rotor shaft of the rotor of the electric machine, which rotor shaft is received in the first bearing plate , between the stator winding in the system housing , on the one hand, and a transmission arrangement , which is received on the opposite side of the bearing support in the second bearing plate , on the other hand, and separates a wet-running part of the system housing , in which the transmission arrangement is accommodated, from a dry part of the system housing , in which the rotor of the electric machine is accommodated.
A carbon catalyst comprising a carbonized material of a raw material containing an organic substance and a transition metal, wherein the carbonized material comprises a carbon structure in which a carbon dioxide desorption amount at from 150°C to 900°C exhibits a maximum value within a range of from 200°C to 340°C in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a desorption amount of carbon dioxide at from 0°C to 1,000°C, wherein the temperature programmed desorption method involves subjecting the carbon catalyst to heat treatment for desorbing a functional group from the carbon structure, chemically adsorbing oxygen to the carbon structure, and then measuring the desorption amount of carbon dioxide from the carbon structure within a temperature range of from 0°C to 1,000°C. wherein the carbonized material comprises a carbon structure in which a carbon dioxide desorption amount at from 150°C to 900°C exhibits a maximum value within a range of from 200°C to 340°C in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a desorption amount of carbon dioxide at from 0°C to 1,000°C, wherein the temperature programmed desorption method involves subjecting the carbon catalyst to heat treatment for desorbing a functional group from the carbon structure, chemically adsorbing oxygen to the carbon structure, and then measuring the desorption amount of carbon dioxide from the carbon structure within a temperature range of from 0°C to 1,000°C.
A sailing stop control method for a vehicle including a transmission and a friction engaging element arranged in series between an engine and drive wheels , the vehicle executing a sailing stop control to coast by shutting off power transmission by the friction engaging element and stopping the engine on the basis of satisfaction of a sailing enter condition, comprising: restarting the engine upon satisfaction of a sailing exit condition during coasting by the sailing stop control; executing a shift control to set a target speed ratio of the transmission to a highest speed ratio smaller than a coasting speed ratio in normal time and satisfying engine exhaust performance after the restart of the engine if the sailing exit condition is a brake pedal depressing operation; and re-engaging the friction engaging element if input and output revolution speeds of the friction engaging element are determined to be a synchronous revolution speed after the end of the shift control of the transmission . restarting the engine upon satisfaction of a sailing exit condition during coasting by the sailing stop control; executing a shift control to set a target speed ratio of the transmission to a highest speed ratio smaller than a coasting speed ratio in normal time and satisfying engine exhaust performance after the restart of the engine if the sailing exit condition is a brake pedal depressing operation; and re-engaging the friction engaging element if input and output revolution speeds of the friction engaging element are determined to be a synchronous revolution speed after the end of the shift control of the transmission .
Climbing shoe comprising a substantially sock-shaped shoe-upper formed so as to completely cover the foot of the user; a front sole which is fixed on the bottom part of the shoe-upper so as to cover the tarsal-phalangeal region of the sole of the foot; and an elastic-material, front tensioning strip which is fixed on the toe of the shoe-upper and is shaped so as to cover the shoe-upper in the area surrounding the tarsal-phalangeal region of the sole of the foot; wherein the front tensioning strip is provided with a middle portion which is shaped so as to cover the toe of the shoe-upper in the area surrounding the tarsal-phalangeal region of the sole of the foot, and with two lateral flaps which prolong on the bottom part of the shoe-upper while converging towards each other up to join to one another at the insole arch region ; said middle portion being substantially cap-shaped, so as to cover both the two sides and the upper part of the toe of the shoe-upper to protect also the upper part of the toes of the foot.
Plate heat exchanger for the circulation of fluids, comprising: - plates for the circulation of fluids, - a frame which is intended for holding the plates and is capable of compressing the plates , the frame and the plates being connected two by two in a sealed manner, characterized in that the plate heat exchanger comprises at least one metal mesh plate having: - at least one metal mesh sheet , and - a coating made of thermosetting or thermoplastic resin covering at least one face of the metal mesh sheet . - plates for the circulation of fluids, - a frame which is intended for holding the plates and is capable of compressing the plates , - at least one metal mesh sheet , and - a coating made of thermosetting or thermoplastic resin covering at least one face of the metal mesh sheet .
A method for monitoring carrier phase anomalies in a range finding system comprising: predicting, by an relative carrier phase estimator , a relative carrier phase between locations of a first and a second antenna as a function of a relative position between the locations of the two antennas , where the first and the second antennas are each configured to receive a signal from a transmitter and a baseline between the locations of the two antennas is known; measuring, by signal processor , a relative carrier phase between the locations of the first and second antennas based upon at least one transmitted signal received at each of the locations of the first and second antennas ; calculating, by an anomaly detection component , an anomaly detection metric as a function of a difference between the measured relative carrier phase and the predicted relative carrier phase; determining, by the anomaly detection component , if an anomaly, comprising one of a tracking error at the antennas and an introduction of false signals via spoofing or meaconing, is present according to the anomaly detection metric, by determining if the anomaly detection metric exceeds a predetermined threshold value; and indicating, by the anomaly detection component , that an anomaly is present, if the predetermined threshold value is exceeded, to allow adjustment to the range finding system; wherein the predetermined threshold value is one-quarter of a wavelength associated with the transmitted signal. predicting, by an relative carrier phase estimator , a relative carrier phase between locations of a first and a second antenna as a function of a relative position between the locations of the two antennas , where the first and the second antennas are each configured to receive a signal from a transmitter and a baseline between the locations of the two antennas is known; measuring, by signal processor , a relative carrier phase between the locations of the first and second antennas based upon at least one transmitted signal received at each of the locations of the first and second antennas ; calculating, by an anomaly detection component , an anomaly detection metric as a function of a difference between the measured relative carrier phase and the predicted relative carrier phase; determining, by the anomaly detection component , if an anomaly, comprising one of a tracking error at the antennas and an introduction of false signals via spoofing or meaconing, is present according to the anomaly detection metric, by determining if the anomaly detection metric exceeds a predetermined threshold value; and indicating, by the anomaly detection component , that an anomaly is present, if the predetermined threshold value is exceeded, to allow adjustment to the range finding system; wherein the predetermined threshold value is one-quarter of a wavelength associated with the transmitted signal.