mhurhangee/patent-ind-claim-en huggingface dataset:
A process for the treatment of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprising the steps of A) soaking the ligno-cellulosic biomass in a low temperature soaking step in liquid comprised of water at a temperature in the range of 25 to 100°C for 1 minute to 24 hours and the low temperature soaking step is followed by a separation step to separate a least a portion of the liquid from the low temperature soaked ligno-cellulosic biomass; B) soaking a ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock in vapor or liquid water or mixture thereof in the temperature range of 145 to 165°C for 1 minute to 24 hours to create a soaked biomass containing a dry content and a first liquid; C) Separating at least a portion of the first liquid from the soaked biomass to create a first liquid stream and a first solid stream; wherein the first solid stream comprises the soaked biomass; D) Steam exploding the first solid stream to create a steam exploded stream comprising solids and a second liquid, E) combining at least a portion of the liquid of the first liquid stream with at least a portion of the steam exploded stream, F) purifying the first liquid stream to create a first purified liquid stream by removing at least a portion of at least one inhibitor selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, formic acid, levulinic acid, furfural, 5-HMF, prior to combining the first liquid stream with at least a portion of the steam exploded stream. A) soaking the ligno-cellulosic biomass in a low temperature soaking step in liquid comprised of water at a temperature in the range of 25 to 100°C for 1 minute to 24 hours and the low temperature soaking step is followed by a separation step to separate a least a portion of the liquid from the low temperature soaked ligno-cellulosic biomass; B) soaking a ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock in vapor or liquid water or mixture thereof in the temperature range of 145 to 165°C for 1 minute to 24 hours to create a soaked biomass containing a dry content and a first liquid; C) Separating at least a portion of the first liquid from the soaked biomass to create a first liquid stream and a first solid stream; wherein the first solid stream comprises the soaked biomass; D) Steam exploding the first solid stream to create a steam exploded stream comprising solids and a second liquid, E) combining at least a portion of the liquid of the first liquid stream with at least a portion of the steam exploded stream, F) purifying the first liquid stream to create a first purified liquid stream by removing at least a portion of at least one inhibitor selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, formic acid, levulinic acid, furfural, 5-HMF, prior to combining the first liquid stream with at least a portion of the steam exploded stream.
A fuel cell stack , comprising a first end plate and a second end plate ; a plurality of fuel cells arranged between the end plates ; at least one first tension or tensioning element tensioned in the stacking direction (S) between the end plates ; wherein inlet and outlet openings for operating media are arranged in first end regions of the first end plates and/or in second end regions of the second end plate , wherein at least one elastic second clamping element is clamped between a first end region and a second end region , characterized in that a tensile stress applied by a tensioned first tension or tensioning element differs from a tensile stress applied by an elastic second tensioning element , and in that the tensile stress applied by the second tensioning element is lower than the tensile stress applied by the first tension or tensioning element . a first end plate and a second end plate ; a plurality of fuel cells arranged between the end plates ; at least one first tension or tensioning element tensioned in the stacking direction (S) between the end plates ; wherein inlet and outlet openings for operating media are arranged in first end regions of the first end plates and/or in second end regions of the second end plate , wherein at least one elastic second clamping element is clamped between a first end region and a second end region , characterized in that a tensile stress applied by a tensioned first tension or tensioning element differs from a tensile stress applied by an elastic second tensioning element , and in that the tensile stress applied by the second tensioning element is lower than the tensile stress applied by the first tension or tensioning element .
A radar apparatus , configured to mount on a movable body, the radar apparatus comprising: an acquisition module configured to acquire an echo based on a reflected wave from a target object, of a transmitted electromagnetic wave; an echo data creation module configured to create, based on the echo, echo data at least indicative of a position of the target object; a determination data creation module configured to obtain the size of the echo and to create a determination data whether trail data indicative of a relative positional change of the echo with respect to the apparatus of the target object is to be newly created based on the echo, wherein, if the size of the echo exceeds a first predetermined threshold and if the moving speed of the echo is below a second predetermined threshold, the created determination data is data for preventing the trail data to be newly created; a memory configured to store the determination data set, for every given display area; a trail data creation module configured to create the trail data based on the echo data and the determination data; and a display unit configured to display the echo data and the trail data . an acquisition module configured to acquire an echo based on a reflected wave from a target object, of a transmitted electromagnetic wave; an echo data creation module configured to create, based on the echo, echo data at least indicative of a position of the target object; a determination data creation module configured to obtain the size of the echo and to create a determination data whether trail data indicative of a relative positional change of the echo with respect to the apparatus of the target object is to be newly created based on the echo, wherein, if the size of the echo exceeds a first predetermined threshold and if the moving speed of the echo is below a second predetermined threshold, the created determination data is data for preventing the trail data to be newly created; a memory configured to store the determination data set, for every given display area; a trail data creation module configured to create the trail data based on the echo data and the determination data; and a display unit configured to display the echo data and the trail data .
A multi-way valve for use in medicine or medical technology, comprising at least one main housing through parts of which a medium can flow, and an actuator which is accommodated therein in such a way as to be rotatable about a central axis , wherein the main housing has at least two connection points for admitting and discharging the medium and forms an actuator receptacle which has a peg that is arranged concentrically with the central axis , and the actuator has a control element and a substantially cylindrical portion which accommodates at least a portion of the peg of the actuator receptacle and which additionally has at least one throughflow opening for fluidically connecting at least two connection points and the peg of the actuator receptacle has at least one abutment for the actuator such that a sealing surface is formed in the region of at least one connection point , characterised in that the multi-way valve has protrusions and recesses , which are arranged so as to correspond with each other and which together form a joint connection between the actuator and actuator receptacle , with at least two joint connections bring provided, wherein at least one protrusion and/or recess is arranged radially circumferentially on the outer side of the cylindrical portion of the actuator or radially circumferentially on the inner side of the actuator receptacle of the main housing , and wherein all recesses are arranged on the actuator and/or all protrusions are arranged on the actuator receptacle , or the recesses and protrusions are arranged in an alternating manner on the actuator and/or the actuator receptacle , and the diameter of the recesses and/or the diameter of the protrusions becomes gradually smaller in the direction of the interior of the actuator receptacle , so that at the time of assembly when lowering the actuator into the actuator receptacle , the recesses and corresponding protrusions of the outer and inner joint connections simultaneously engage interlockingly and only in the envisaged joint connection positions at a predetermined press-in depth (X).
A sheet conveying device comprising: a pair of rollers configured to convey a sheet (P) in a sheet conveyance passage; a detector configured to detect an attitude of the sheet (P) optically in the sheet conveyance passage; a rotation device configured to rotate the pair of rollers in a direction parallel to a plane of the sheet (P); and a controller configured to perform a correcting operation to correct the attitude of the pair of rollers at a time interval, while the pair of rollers is holding the sheet (P), by driving the rotation device based on a detection result obtained by the detector , characterised in that the controller performs the correcting operation by setting, according to reflectance of the sheet (P), at least one of a light emission time of the detector , the time interval to perform the correcting operation, and a conveying speed of the sheet (P) by the pair of rollers . a pair of rollers configured to convey a sheet (P) in a sheet conveyance passage; a detector configured to detect an attitude of the sheet (P) optically in the sheet conveyance passage; a rotation device configured to rotate the pair of rollers in a direction parallel to a plane of the sheet (P); and a controller configured to perform a correcting operation to correct the attitude of the pair of rollers at a time interval, while the pair of rollers is holding the sheet (P), by driving the rotation device based on a detection result obtained by the detector , characterised in that the controller performs the correcting operation by setting, according to reflectance of the sheet (P), at least one of a light emission time of the detector , the time interval to perform the correcting operation, and a conveying speed of the sheet (P) by the pair of rollers .
A thin film transistor comprising: an oxide semiconductor layer , the oxide semiconductor layer including a channel portion , a first channel connecting portion connected to a first end of the channel portion , and a second channel connecting portion connected to a second end of the channel portion that is opposite the first end of the channel portion ; a gate insulating film on the channel portion of the oxide semiconductor layer ; a gate electrode on the gate insulating film ; a source electrode connected with the first channel connecting portion ; and a drain electrode spaced apart from the source electrode , the drain electrode connected with the second channel connecting portion , wherein a thickness (t2) of the second channel connecting portion is different from a thickness (t3) of the first channel connecting portion , and the second end of the channel portion has a same thickness (t2) as the thickness (t2) of the second channel connecting portion , and wherein a part of the channel portion between the first end of the channel portion and the second end of the channel portion has a thickness (t1) that is larger than the thickness (t3) of the first channel connecting portion and smaller than the thickness (t2) of the second channel connecting portion . an oxide semiconductor layer , the oxide semiconductor layer including a channel portion , a first channel connecting portion connected to a first end of the channel portion , and a second channel connecting portion connected to a second end of the channel portion that is opposite the first end of the channel portion ; a gate insulating film on the channel portion of the oxide semiconductor layer ; a gate electrode on the gate insulating film ; a source electrode connected with the first channel connecting portion ; and a drain electrode spaced apart from the source electrode , the drain electrode connected with the second channel connecting portion , wherein a thickness (t2) of the second channel connecting portion is different from a thickness (t3) of the first channel connecting portion , and the second end of the channel portion has a same thickness (t2) as the thickness (t2) of the second channel connecting portion , and wherein a part of the channel portion between the first end of the channel portion and the second end of the channel portion has a thickness (t1) that is larger than the thickness (t3) of the first channel connecting portion and smaller than the thickness (t2) of the second channel connecting portion .
A load distribution structure for the distribution of a punctual mechanical force for use as a saddle tree in a riding or support saddle, characterised in that rod- or plate-shaped bending beams are employed for the composition of the structure, which in their unloaded state are extremely strongly bent in a U-shape about an axis transverse to their longitudinal direction and/or longitudinally to their width , the strongest curvature of the bending beams being located at or near the centre of the length, and the bending beams being designed such, geometrically and materially, in the longitudinal direction along their course, that they extremely strongly deform under a target load, and only in this loaded state take an elongated or slightly curved target shape, wherein the target load of a bending beam consists in forces of a well-defined strength being introduced on the surface side of the beam facing away from the curvature in the unloaded state, at the centre of the length over a relatively small area , or in one or several points at a maximum distance of half the length of the beam from one another, and, caused by the geometrically well-defined bearing surface corresponding to the target shape, respective reaction forces are generated on the opposite surface side of the beam, which are uniformly or approximately uniformly distributed there over the entire length or surface, resp.
Protective seal in the form of a hollow body comprising a first wall substantially planar in form, a second wall substantially planar in form and opposite to the first wall , and a portion between the first wall and the second wall , said first wall including an opening , said second wall including at least one slot , said protective seal being configured to pass, when a force is exerted on the second wall , in a direction perpendicular to said second wall, from a rest position, in which the at least one slot is closed, to a constrained position, in which the at least one slot is deformed, leaving clear an opening in the second wall .
A method for extracting a sweetening composition from Siraitia grosvenorii, comprising the following steps: putting mature Siraitia grosvenorii and immature Siraitia grosvenorii together at a weight ratio of 1:4 to 1:8, sealing and holding at 25°C to 38°C for 2 to 4 days, then placing in a ventilated environment for 1 day to 4 days to obtain raw materials of the Siraitia grosvenorii, juicing the raw materials of the Siraitia grosvenorii to obtain juice and fruit residues, combining the juice with an extract solution obtained by extracting the fruit residues with purified water, removing impurities, and concentrating and purifying, to obtain the sweetening composition.
A device for radio transmission of a signal transmitted in the form of a pulse sequence, said device comprising a part for generating said pulses on a carrier frequency, an analog chain for amplifying the pulses before their transmission comprising a plurality of successive amplification stages , a module for generating a control signal of trapezoidal shape , and characterized in that said control signal is applied as the bias voltage of an amplifier of a stage of the amplification chain for each of the pulses.
Method of assigning, by an addressing server of a network , said network comprising more than 1000 terminals and several levels of connection device including at least one primary connection device and secondary connection devices , with the terminal devices being connected to the secondary connection devices by the intermediary of connection ports that comprise these secondary connection devices , a network address to a terminal device connected to one of the connection ports of one of the secondary connection devices of said network , comprising: - sending a request for network address by said terminal device to said secondary connection device , - determining, by said secondary connection device , a location of said terminal device , said location associating a topological identifier of said secondary connection device with at least one identifier of said connection port , - transmitting , by said secondary connection device , by the intermediary of the primary connection device , to said addressing server , said request with said location, - assigning , by said addressing server , to said terminal device , said network address from said location, - said terminal device having a unique identifier which is a MAC address which is not used in said method of assigning, - using another parallel network , which is physically separate from said network , which is a point-to-point network, in order to configure said topological identifiers of the various connection devices of said network , - said sending of said request for a network address to said secondary connection device being carried out automatically by said terminal device . - sending a request for network address by said terminal device to said secondary connection device , - determining, by said secondary connection device , a location of said terminal device , said location associating a topological identifier of said secondary connection device with at least one identifier of said connection port , - transmitting , by said secondary connection device , by the intermediary of the primary connection device , to said addressing server , said request with said location, - assigning , by said addressing server , to said terminal device , said network address from said location, - said terminal device having a unique identifier which is a MAC address which is not used in said method of assigning, - using another parallel network , which is physically separate from said network , which is a point-to-point network, in order to configure said topological identifiers of the various connection devices of said network , - said sending of said request for a network address to said secondary connection device being carried out automatically by said terminal device .
An exhaust gas purification device of an engine, comprising: an exhaust passage extending from a combustion chamber of an engine ; a member which is disposed on an inner side of an inner wall surface of the exhaust passage and which is to be heated by exhaust gas passing thereby; a reductant injector disposed downstream the member and configured to inject a reductant into the exhaust gas; and a reduction catalyst for purifying nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas with the reductant or a substance produced from the reductant, wherein the reductant injector is disposed on the outer side of a bend section connecting straight sections of the exhaust passage such that an injection nozzle of the reductant injector faces a downstream end portion of the member and configured to inject the reductant toward a downstream end portion of the member , and wherein the reductant is urea and the downstream end portion of the member supports an ammonia production promoting catalyst configured to promote production of ammonia from the urea, characterized in that the reductant injector is disposed inside an offset hole having a recessed shape and having an opening into the exhaust passage and the injection nozzle of the reductant injector is disposed further back from the inner wall surface of the exhaust passage . an exhaust passage extending from a combustion chamber of an engine ; a member which is disposed on an inner side of an inner wall surface of the exhaust passage and which is to be heated by exhaust gas passing thereby; a reductant injector disposed downstream the member and configured to inject a reductant into the exhaust gas; and a reduction catalyst for purifying nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas with the reductant or a substance produced from the reductant, wherein the reductant injector is disposed on the outer side of a bend section connecting straight sections of the exhaust passage such that an injection nozzle of the reductant injector faces a downstream end portion of the member and configured to inject the reductant toward a downstream end portion of the member , and wherein the reductant is urea and the downstream end portion of the member supports an ammonia production promoting catalyst configured to promote production of ammonia from the urea, characterized in that the reductant injector is disposed inside an offset hole having a recessed shape and having an opening into the exhaust passage and the injection nozzle of the reductant injector is disposed further back from the inner wall surface of the exhaust passage .