A space optical coupling apparatus, comprising: M first couplers , a phase adjustment apparatus , M second couplers , a coupling apparatus , and a controller , wherein the M first couplers are in a one-to-one correspondence with the M second couplers , and M is a positive integer greater than 1; the first coupler is configured to receive a beam and couple the beam to the phase adjustment apparatus ; the phase adjustment apparatus comprises M input ports, M phase adjusters , M output ports, N beam splitters , and N detectors , wherein 1≤N≤M, and N is an integer; and the M input ports are connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the M phase adjusters , and the M phase adjusters are connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the M output ports; the phase adjustment apparatus receives M beams respectively from the M first couplers through the M input ports; each beam splitter of the N beam splitters is located between an input port and a phase adjuster corresponding to the input port, and is configured to split a received beam into two beams, one beam is sent to a corresponding detector , and the other beam is sent to a corresponding phase adjuster ; and the N beam splitters are respectively in a one-to-one correspondence with N input ports of the M input ports; the M second couplers are configured to: receive output light respectively from the M output ports, and couple the output light to the coupling apparatus ; the coupling apparatus is configured to couple the received beam to a single-mode fiber ; and the controller is configured to: obtain beam intensity detected by each detector and beam intensity on the single-mode fiber , and control, based on the beam intensity detected by each detector and the beam intensity on the single-mode fiber , the M phase adjusters to respectively adjust phases of received beams, wherein the controller is further configured to adjust the coupling apparatus , so that a spot of an output beam of the coupling apparatus is located at a center position of an end face of the single-mode fiber .. the first coupler is configured to receive a beam and couple the beam to the phase adjustment apparatus ; the phase adjustment apparatus comprises M input ports, M phase adjusters , M output ports, N beam splitters , and N detectors , wherein 1≤N≤M, and N is an integer; and the M input ports are connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the M phase adjusters , and the M phase adjusters are connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the M output ports; the phase adjustment apparatus receives M beams respectively from the M first couplers through the M input ports; each beam splitter of the N beam splitters is located between an input port and a phase adjuster corresponding to the input port, and is configured to split a received beam into two beams, one beam is sent to a corresponding detector , and the other beam is sent to a corresponding phase adjuster ; and the N beam splitters are respectively in a one-to-one correspondence with N input ports of the M input ports; the M second couplers are configured to: receive output light respectively from the M output ports, and couple the output light to the coupling apparatus ; the coupling apparatus is configured to couple the received beam to a single-mode fiber ; and the controller is configured to: obtain beam intensity detected by each detector and beam intensity on the single-mode fiber , and control, based on the beam intensity detected by each detector and the beam intensity on the single-mode fiber , the M phase adjusters to respectively adjust phases of received beams, wherein the controller is further configured to adjust the coupling apparatus , so that a spot of an output beam of the coupling apparatus is located at a center position of an end face of the single-mode fiber .. <EOS>