A computer-implemented method for data processing performed by a virtual machine, the method comprising: obtaining a bytecode compiled from source code comprising one or more input parameters, the source code including an encoding function to encode the one or more input parameters, save the encoded one or more input parameters in a memory segment, and provide a memory location of the memory segment, wherein the memory location comprises an address corresponding to the memory segment, and the address is shifted by compilation in the bytecode compiled from the source code; executing , according to the bytecode, the encoding function to encode the one or more input parameters to obtain the memory location of the memory segment storing the encoded one or more input parameters; providing the memory location to a function for retrieving and decoding the encoded one or more input parameters to obtain the one or more input parameters; and executing the function, wherein executing the function comprises: restoring the shifted address according to a storage starting location of the virtual machine and an address shift obtained by the virtual machine; retrieving the encoded one or more input parameters according to the restored address; decoding the encoded one or more input parameters to retrieve the one or more input parameters; invoking another function based on the one or more input parameters to return one or more output parameters; and encoding the one or more output parameters. obtaining a bytecode compiled from source code comprising one or more input parameters, the source code including an encoding function to encode the one or more input parameters, save the encoded one or more input parameters in a memory segment, and provide a memory location of the memory segment, wherein the memory location comprises an address corresponding to the memory segment, and the address is shifted by compilation in the bytecode compiled from the source code; executing , according to the bytecode, the encoding function to encode the one or more input parameters to obtain the memory location of the memory segment storing the encoded one or more input parameters; providing the memory location to a function for retrieving and decoding the encoded one or more input parameters to obtain the one or more input parameters; and executing the function, wherein executing the function comprises: restoring the shifted address according to a storage starting location of the virtual machine and an address shift obtained by the virtual machine; retrieving the encoded one or more input parameters according to the restored address; decoding the encoded one or more input parameters to retrieve the one or more input parameters; invoking another function based on the one or more input parameters to return one or more output parameters; and encoding the one or more output parameters. restoring the shifted address according to a storage starting location of the virtual machine and an address shift obtained by the virtual machine; retrieving the encoded one or more input parameters according to the restored address; decoding the encoded one or more input parameters to retrieve the one or more input parameters; invoking another function based on the one or more input parameters to return one or more output parameters; and encoding the one or more output parameters. <EOS>