A shoe sole at least partially comprising a shock absorber (1A-1D, 1A1-16), and also provided with a tread , the shock absorber (1A-1D, 1A1-16) including a shock absorbing portion composed of a three-dimensional structure (S) composed of a unit structure (U) repeatedly, regularly and successively disposed in at least one direction, the unit structure (U) being a three-dimensional shape formed by a wall having an external shape defined by a pair of parallel planes or curved surfaces, the shock absorbing portion being provided with a plurality of pass-through portions passing through the shock absorbing portion as viewed in a direction of a normal to the tread , the shock absorber (1A-1D, 1A1-16), as viewed in the direction of the normal to the tread , being provided with a cover portion that corresponds to at least one of the plurality of pass-through portions included in the shock absorbing portion and covers that pass-through portion , the shock absorber (1A-1D, 1A1-16) being formed of a single member formed with the shock absorbing portion and the cover portion continuously connected together, the tread being defined by a main surface of the cover portion that is located on a side opposite to a side where the shock absorbing portion is located, the cover portion being provided with a communication path having one end open to the pass-through portion and the other end open at the tread , the shoe sole satisfying a condition of R < L, where R represents a diameter of a largest virtual incircle of a contour line of an opening of the communication path located closer to the tread , and L represents a length of the communication path in a direction in which the communication path extends. the shock absorber (1A-1D, 1A1-16) including a shock absorbing portion composed of a three-dimensional structure (S) composed of a unit structure (U) repeatedly, regularly and successively disposed in at least one direction, the unit structure (U) being a three-dimensional shape formed by a wall having an external shape defined by a pair of parallel planes or curved surfaces, the shock absorbing portion being provided with a plurality of pass-through portions passing through the shock absorbing portion as viewed in a direction of a normal to the tread , the shock absorber (1A-1D, 1A1-16), as viewed in the direction of the normal to the tread , being provided with a cover portion that corresponds to at least one of the plurality of pass-through portions included in the shock absorbing portion and covers that pass-through portion , the shock absorber (1A-1D, 1A1-16) being formed of a single member formed with the shock absorbing portion and the cover portion continuously connected together, the tread being defined by a main surface of the cover portion that is located on a side opposite to a side where the shock absorbing portion is located, the cover portion being provided with a communication path having one end open to the pass-through portion and the other end open at the tread , the shoe sole satisfying a condition of R < L, where R represents a diameter of a largest virtual incircle of a contour line of an opening of the communication path located closer to the tread , and L represents a length of the communication path in a direction in which the communication path extends. <EOS>