A catalyst represented by formula (I): wherein: each M is a group 4 metal, preferably hafnium or zirconium; E is C(H) or N, preferably C(H); each of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, -N(C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl) 2 , C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, or substituted C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl; each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, substituted C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, substituted C 6 -C 10 aryl, -NR' 2 , -SR', -OR', - OSiR' 3 , or -PR' 2 , wherein each R' is hydrogen, halogen, C 4 -C 40 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl or one or both of R 1 and R 2 or R 2 and R 3 are joined to form a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, substituted saturated ring, or substituted unsaturated ring; each of R 4 , R 5 , R 15 , and R 16 is independently hydrogen or C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl; and each of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, substituted C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, substituted C 6 -C 10 aryl, -NR' 2 , -SR', -OR', -OSiR' 3 , or -PR' 2 , wherein each R' is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl, or one or more of R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , R 12 and R 13 , R 13 and R 14 , R 17 and R 18 , R 18 and R 19 , R 17 and R 20 , R 21 and R 22 , R 22 and R 23 , R 23 and R 24 , R 24 and R 25 , and R 21 and R 25 are joined to form a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, substituted saturated ring, or substituted unsaturated ring; wherein if E is C(H), then one or more of R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , R 12 and R 13 , R 13 and R 14 , R 17 and R 18 , R 18 and R 19 , R 17 and R 20 , R 21 and R 22 , R 22 and R 23 , R 23 and R 24 , R 24 and R 25 , and R 21 and R 25 are joined to form a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, substituted saturated ring, or substituted unsaturated ring. each M is a group 4 metal, preferably hafnium or zirconium; E is C(H) or N, preferably C(H); each of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, -N(C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl) 2 , C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, or substituted C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl; each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, substituted C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, substituted C 6 -C 10 aryl, -NR' 2 , -SR', -OR', - OSiR' 3 , or -PR' 2 , wherein each R' is hydrogen, halogen, C 4 -C 40 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl or one or both of R 1 and R 2 or R 2 and R 3 are joined to form a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, substituted saturated ring, or substituted unsaturated ring; each of R 4 , R 5 , R 15 , and R 16 is independently hydrogen or C 4 -C 40 hydrocarbyl; and each of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, substituted C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, substituted C 6 -C 10 aryl, -NR' 2 , -SR', -OR', -OSiR' 3 , or -PR' 2 , wherein each R' is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl, or one or more of R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , R 12 and R 13 , R 13 and R 14 , R 17 and R 18 , R 18 and R 19 , R 17 and R 20 , R 21 and R 22 , R 22 and R 23 , R 23 and R 24 , R 24 and R 25 , and R 21 and R 25 are joined to form a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, substituted saturated ring, or substituted unsaturated ring; wherein if E is C(H), then one or more of R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , R 12 and R 13 , R 13 and R 14 , R 17 and R 18 , R 18 and R 19 , R 17 and R 20 , R 21 and R 22 , R 22 and R 23 , R 23 and R 24 , R 24 and R 25 , and R 21 and R 25 are joined to form a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, substituted saturated ring, or substituted unsaturated ring. <EOS>