An element comprising: a plurality of electrodes ; and a plurality of intermediate layers , each of the plurality of intermediate layers being sandwiched between any pair of the plurality of electrodes , wherein each of the plurality of the intermediate layers comprises a silicone rubber composition containing silicone rubber, wherein the plurality of intermediate layers comprise at least two selected from the group consisting of: (i) an intermediate layer that can be elongated and deformed in a direction that is not parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer; (ii) an intermediate layer that can be compressed and deformed in a direction that is parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer; and (iii) an intermediate layer that can be elongated and deformed in a direction that is not parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, and can be compressed and deformed in a direction that is parallel to the direction in which the external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer, characterized in that each of the plurality of intermediate layers is subjected to a surface modification treatment that is performed in a reaction environment of a low oxygen content with reduced pressure, so that re-cross-linking and bonding of the surface is accelerated, wherein Si-O bonds of the surface of the intermediate layers subjected to the surface modification treatment are increased. a plurality of electrodes ; and a plurality of intermediate layers , each of the plurality of intermediate layers being sandwiched between any pair of the plurality of electrodes , wherein each of the plurality of the intermediate layers comprises a silicone rubber composition containing silicone rubber, wherein the plurality of intermediate layers comprise at least two selected from the group consisting of: (i) an intermediate layer that can be elongated and deformed in a direction that is not parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer; (ii) an intermediate layer that can be compressed and deformed in a direction that is parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer; and (iii) an intermediate layer that can be elongated and deformed in a direction that is not parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, and can be compressed and deformed in a direction that is parallel to the direction in which the external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer, characterized in that (i) an intermediate layer that can be elongated and deformed in a direction that is not parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer; (ii) an intermediate layer that can be compressed and deformed in a direction that is parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer; and (iii) an intermediate layer that can be elongated and deformed in a direction that is not parallel to a direction in which an external force is applied, and can be compressed and deformed in a direction that is parallel to the direction in which the external force is applied, when the external force is applied to the intermediate layer, each of the plurality of intermediate layers is subjected to a surface modification treatment that is performed in a reaction environment of a low oxygen content with reduced pressure, so that re-cross-linking and bonding of the surface is accelerated, wherein Si-O bonds of the surface of the intermediate layers subjected to the surface modification treatment are increased. <EOS>