A selenium compound having the following general formula (I): where R 1 = alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms; R 2 = H, R 4 C(=O), R 4 OC(=O), α-aminoacyl constituted by - C(=O)CH(Y)NH2, Y corresponding to the lateral chain of one of the proteogenic aminoacids, CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2 )C(=O), CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(OH)C(=O); X = OH, OR 3 , NH 2 , NR 4 R 5 , α-amino acid constituted by-NHCH(Y)COOH, Y corresponding to the lateral chain of one of the proteogenic aminoacids, CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(COOH)NH-, CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(COOH)O-; R 3 = alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms; R 4 = alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, aryl; pyridinyl; or imidazole; R 5 = H, alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, aryl; pyridinyl; or imidazole; R 4 and R 5 being capable of forming together a 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl radical which can comprise a heteroatom; provided that, when X = NH-tert-butyl, R 2 ≠ C(=O)CH 3 , as well as all the stereoisomers, diastereoisomers and enantiomers in particular with respect to the carbon atom bearing the group OR 2 , as well as with respect to the radicals R 1 to R 5 , as well as all oligomers constituted by the chain of 2 to15 monomers obtained between two or more molecules of derivatives of formula (I) by esterification reaction between the alcohol and carboxylic acid functions present if applicable, considered alone or in a mixture; as well as all the salts of pharmaceutically acceptable acids or bases of said compounds of general formula (I); as well as the salts of sodium, calcium, zinc and magnesium. R 1 = alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms; R 2 = H, R 4 C(=O), R 4 OC(=O), α-aminoacyl constituted by - C(=O)CH(Y)NH2, Y corresponding to the lateral chain of one of the proteogenic aminoacids, CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2 )C(=O), CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(OH)C(=O); X = OH, OR 3 , NH 2 , NR 4 R 5 , α-amino acid constituted by-NHCH(Y)COOH, Y corresponding to the lateral chain of one of the proteogenic aminoacids, CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(COOH)NH-, CH 3 SeCH 2 CH 2 CH(COOH)O-; R 3 = alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms; R 4 = alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, aryl; pyridinyl; or imidazole; R 5 = H, alkyl constituted by a linear, branched or cyclic saturated carbon radical having from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, aryl; pyridinyl; or imidazole; R 4 and R 5 being capable of forming together a 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl radical which can comprise a heteroatom; provided that, when X = NH-tert-butyl, R 2 ≠ C(=O)CH 3 , as well as all the stereoisomers, diastereoisomers and enantiomers in particular with respect to the carbon atom bearing the group OR 2 , as well as with respect to the radicals R 1 to R 5 , as well as all oligomers constituted by the chain of 2 to15 monomers obtained between two or more molecules of derivatives of formula (I) by esterification reaction between the alcohol and carboxylic acid functions present if applicable, considered alone or in a mixture; as well as all the salts of pharmaceutically acceptable acids or bases of said compounds of general formula (I); as well as the salts of sodium, calcium, zinc and magnesium. <EOS>