An organic electroluminescence display substrate, comprising: a pixel array , wherein, the pixel array includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each of the pixels includes a first sub-pixel emitting light of a first color, a second sub-pixel emitting light of a second color and a third sub-pixel emitting light of a third color, and each of the first sub-pixels , each of the second sub-pixels and each of the third sub-pixels include an organic electroluminescence element ; a light extraction layer , covering on the pixel array and at least including a plurality of first light extraction units and a plurality of second light extraction units , and an optical property of the first light extraction unit and an optical property of the second light extraction unit being different from each other; the first light extraction unit and the second light extraction unit have different thicknesses or different refractive indexes; characterized in that : in two adjacent pixels , a cathode light-emission side of the first sub-pixel of a first one of the two adjacent pixels is only covered by the first light extraction unit and a cathode light-emission side of the first sub-pixel of the second one of the two adjacent pixels is only covered by the second light extraction unit ; a cathode light-emission side of the second sub-pixels of the first one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the first light extraction unit and a cathode light-emission side of the second sub-pixel of the second one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the second light extraction unit , a cathode light-emission side of the third sub-pixel of the first one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the first light extraction unit and a cathode light-emission side of the third sub-pixel of the second one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the second light extraction unit . a pixel array , wherein, the pixel array includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each of the pixels includes a first sub-pixel emitting light of a first color, a second sub-pixel emitting light of a second color and a third sub-pixel emitting light of a third color, and each of the first sub-pixels , each of the second sub-pixels and each of the third sub-pixels include an organic electroluminescence element ; a light extraction layer , covering on the pixel array and at least including a plurality of first light extraction units and a plurality of second light extraction units , and an optical property of the first light extraction unit and an optical property of the second light extraction unit being different from each other; the first light extraction unit and the second light extraction unit have different thicknesses or different refractive indexes; characterized in that : in two adjacent pixels , a cathode light-emission side of the first sub-pixel of a first one of the two adjacent pixels is only covered by the first light extraction unit and a cathode light-emission side of the first sub-pixel of the second one of the two adjacent pixels is only covered by the second light extraction unit ; a cathode light-emission side of the second sub-pixels of the first one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the first light extraction unit and a cathode light-emission side of the second sub-pixel of the second one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the second light extraction unit , a cathode light-emission side of the third sub-pixel of the first one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the first light extraction unit and a cathode light-emission side of the third sub-pixel of the second one of the two adjacent pixels is at least partially covered by the second light extraction unit . <EOS>