A method of creating a repellant surface, the method comprising: forming a functionalized, roughened surface on a substrate surface by: dispersing fluoropolymer nanoparticles in a solvent comprising a fluorinated binder to form a roughening composition; applying the roughening composition to a substrate surface; and removing the solvent from the roughening composition on the surface to form a coating comprising a non-hierarchical functionalized, roughened surface; wherein the fluoropolymer nanoparticles have a narrow particle size distribution characterized by a standard deviation of 80% or less from the mean particle size of the nanoparticles; wherein the fluorinated binder is soluble in the solvent; wherein the solids of the composition comprise between 10 volume % to 75 volume % nanoparticles; and wherein the coating comprises one or more layers of the fluoropolymer nanoparticles dispersed therein and having fluoropolymer particles exposed at the surface of the coating; and applying a lubricating liquid to the functionalized, roughened surface, wherein the lubricating liquid, at atmospheric pressure, is immobilized in, on and over the functionalized, roughened surface, without dewetting from the substrate, to form a repellant surface. forming a functionalized, roughened surface on a substrate surface by: dispersing fluoropolymer nanoparticles in a solvent comprising a fluorinated binder to form a roughening composition; applying the roughening composition to a substrate surface; and removing the solvent from the roughening composition on the surface to form a coating comprising a non-hierarchical functionalized, roughened surface; wherein the fluoropolymer nanoparticles have a narrow particle size distribution characterized by a standard deviation of 80% or less from the mean particle size of the nanoparticles; wherein the fluorinated binder is soluble in the solvent; wherein the solids of the composition comprise between 10 volume % to 75 volume % nanoparticles; and wherein the coating comprises one or more layers of the fluoropolymer nanoparticles dispersed therein and having fluoropolymer particles exposed at the surface of the coating; and dispersing fluoropolymer nanoparticles in a solvent comprising a fluorinated binder to form a roughening composition; applying the roughening composition to a substrate surface; and removing the solvent from the roughening composition on the surface to form a coating comprising a non-hierarchical functionalized, roughened surface; wherein the fluoropolymer nanoparticles have a narrow particle size distribution characterized by a standard deviation of 80% or less from the mean particle size of the nanoparticles; wherein the fluorinated binder is soluble in the solvent; wherein the solids of the composition comprise between 10 volume % to 75 volume % nanoparticles; and wherein the coating comprises one or more layers of the fluoropolymer nanoparticles dispersed therein and having fluoropolymer particles exposed at the surface of the coating; and applying a lubricating liquid to the functionalized, roughened surface, wherein the lubricating liquid, at atmospheric pressure, is immobilized in, on and over the functionalized, roughened surface, without dewetting from the substrate, to form a repellant surface. <EOS>