An optical element for counterfeit prevention comprising: a second layer having a relief structure disposed on a front surface; a first layer disposed in a side of the front surface of the second layer; and a third layer interposed between the second layer and the first layer, the third layer being formed along a front surface of the relief structure, wherein the third layer has a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the first layer, the first layer is disposed on a side of the front surface of the second layer so as to fill the relief structure of the second layer, the optical element comprises at least a first region and a second region in a plan view, the relief structure disposed in the second region causes at least one of diffraction, interference, scattering, refraction, and absorption of an electromagnetic wave, the first region is configured such that an electromagnetic wave entering from a side of the first layer in a preliminarily set specific angle range is totally reflected due to at least one of a ratio of the refractive index of the second layer to the refractive index of the first layer and the relief structure disposed in the first region, and the second region is configured such that the electromagnetic wave entering from the first layer side is reflected by a refractive index difference between the first layer and the third layer, characterized in that the second layer has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the first layer, the relief structure disposed in the first region and the relief structure disposed in the second region are different structures, the relief structure disposed in the first region has a plurality of aligned inclined surfaces inclined with respect to an optical element plane, and the relief structure disposed in the second region has a repeated unevenness in a cross-sectionally rectangular shape or a cross-sectionally wavy form. a second layer having a relief structure disposed on a front surface; a first layer disposed in a side of the front surface of the second layer; and a third layer interposed between the second layer and the first layer, the third layer being formed along a front surface of the relief structure, wherein the third layer has a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the first layer, the first layer is disposed on a side of the front surface of the second layer so as to fill the relief structure of the second layer, the optical element comprises at least a first region and a second region in a plan view, the relief structure disposed in the second region causes at least one of diffraction, interference, scattering, refraction, and absorption of an electromagnetic wave, the first region is configured such that an electromagnetic wave entering from a side of the first layer in a preliminarily set specific angle range is totally reflected due to at least one of a ratio of the refractive index of the second layer to the refractive index of the first layer and the relief structure disposed in the first region, and the second region is configured such that the electromagnetic wave entering from the first layer side is reflected by a refractive index difference between the first layer and the third layer, characterized in that the second layer has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the first layer, the relief structure disposed in the first region and the relief structure disposed in the second region are different structures, the relief structure disposed in the first region has a plurality of aligned inclined surfaces inclined with respect to an optical element plane, and the relief structure disposed in the second region has a repeated unevenness in a cross-sectionally rectangular shape or a cross-sectionally wavy form.