A phase modulation device for correcting wave front aberrations generated by an optical system, comprising: an objective lens included in the optical system and disposed on an optical path of a light flux of coherent light to be emitted from a coherent light source; a phase modulation element which comprises a plurality of annular electrodes being provided in a concentric form, the center of which is an optical axis of the optical system, and modulates a phase of the light flux transmitting through the objective lens in accordance with a voltage applied to each of the electrodes; and a control circuit which is configured to control the voltage to be applied to each of the plurality of annular electrodes such that the light flux is imparted with a phase modulation amount in accordance with a phase modulation profile which has a polarity opposite to a polarity of a phase distribution of the wave front aberrations, wherein annular electrodes adjacent to each other among the plurality of annular electrodes are connected by a respective resistor having a fixed electrical resistance, characterized in that the control circuit determines the phase modulation profile according to a relational equation representing a relationship between a numerical aperture of the objective lens and a ratio between third-order spherical aberration and fifth-order spherical aberration when the phase distribution of the wave front aberrations is resolved using Zernike polynomials, the third-order spherical aberration being represented by coefficient Z13 of the Zernike polynomials and the fifth-order spherical aberration being represented by coefficient Z25 of the Zernike polynomials, and wherein the control circuit is configured to read ratios between a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage from a storage unit in accordance with the numerical aperture of the objective lens, determine the first voltage, the second voltage, and the third voltage in accordance with the phase modulation profile by referring to the rations, apply the first voltage to a first electrode among the plurality of annular electrodes, apply the second voltage to a second electrodes among the plurality of annular electrodes, and apply the third voltage to a third electrode among the plurality of annular electrodes, the first electrode being positioned at a center of the plurality of annular electrodes, the second electrode being an annular electrode corresponding to a position of an extreme value of the phase modulation profile other than the first electrode, and the third electrode being an outermost peripheral electrode among the plurality of annular electrodes. an objective lens included in the optical system and disposed on an optical path of a light flux of coherent light to be emitted from a coherent light source; a phase modulation element which comprises a plurality of annular electrodes being provided in a concentric form, the center of which is an optical axis of the optical system, and modulates a phase of the light flux transmitting through the objective lens in accordance with a voltage applied to each of the electrodes; and a control circuit which is configured to control the voltage to be applied to each of the plurality of annular electrodes such that the light flux is imparted with a phase modulation amount in accordance with a phase modulation profile which has a polarity opposite to a polarity of a phase distribution of the wave front aberrations, wherein annular electrodes adjacent to each other among the plurality of annular electrodes are connected by a respective resistor having a fixed electrical resistance, characterized in that the control circuit determines the phase modulation profile according to a relational equation representing a relationship between a numerical aperture of the objective lens and a ratio between third-order spherical aberration and fifth-order spherical aberration when the phase distribution of the wave front aberrations is resolved using Zernike polynomials, the third-order spherical aberration being represented by coefficient Z13 of the Zernike polynomials and the fifth-order spherical aberration being represented by coefficient Z25 of the Zernike polynomials, and wherein the control circuit is configured to read ratios between a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage from a storage unit in accordance with the numerical aperture of the objective lens, determine the first voltage, the second voltage, and the third voltage in accordance with the phase modulation profile by referring to the rations, apply the first voltage to a first electrode among the plurality of annular electrodes, apply the second voltage to a second electrodes among the plurality of annular electrodes, and apply the third voltage to a third electrode among the plurality of annular electrodes, the first electrode being positioned at a center of the plurality of annular electrodes, the second electrode being an annular electrode corresponding to a position of an extreme value of the phase modulation profile other than the first electrode, and the third electrode being an outermost peripheral electrode among the plurality of annular electrodes.