A treatment device, comprising: a shaft including a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein the shaft is configured to intravascularly locate the distal portion at a treatment site within a pulmonary artery of a human patient; a first electrode assembly comprising: a first balloon at the distal portion of the shaft; a first electrode positioned on the outer surface of the first balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the first balloon; and a second electrode positioned on the outer surface of the first balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the first balloon, wherein the first electrode is spaced apart from and out of contact with the second electrode along the first balloon; wherein the first and second electrodes (2534a, 2534b) are configured to provide bipolar nerve stimulation at the treatment site; and a second electrode assembly comprising: a second balloon at the distal portion of the shaft; a third electrode positioned on the outer surface of the second balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the second balloon; and a fourth electrode positioned on the outer surface of the second balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the second balloon, wherein the third electrode is spaced apart from and out of contact with the fourth electrode along the second balloon; wherein the third and fourth electrodes (2534a, 2534b) are configured to provide bipolar recording of nerve activity at the treatment site, and a therapeutic assembly positioned between the first and second electrode assembly, wherein the therapeutic assembly is configured to deliver therapeutic neuromodulation to nerves in communication with the pulmonary system proximate the treatment site, wherein the first and second balloons are transformable between a delivery state and a deployed state and wherein, in the deployed state, the first and second balloon are sized and shaped to place the first electrode and second electrode and third electrode and fourth electrode in apposition with an inner wall of the pulmonary artery. a shaft including a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein the shaft is configured to intravascularly locate the distal portion at a treatment site within a pulmonary artery of a human patient; a first electrode assembly comprising: a first balloon at the distal portion of the shaft; a first electrode positioned on the outer surface of the first balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the first balloon; and a second electrode positioned on the outer surface of the first balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the first balloon, wherein the first electrode is spaced apart from and out of contact with the second electrode along the first balloon; wherein the first and second electrodes (2534a, 2534b) are configured to provide bipolar nerve stimulation at the treatment site; and a first balloon at the distal portion of the shaft; a first electrode positioned on the outer surface of the first balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the first balloon; and a second electrode positioned on the outer surface of the first balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the first balloon, wherein the first electrode is spaced apart from and out of contact with the second electrode along the first balloon; a second electrode assembly comprising: a second balloon at the distal portion of the shaft; a third electrode positioned on the outer surface of the second balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the second balloon; and a fourth electrode positioned on the outer surface of the second balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the second balloon, wherein the third electrode is spaced apart from and out of contact with the fourth electrode along the second balloon; wherein the third and fourth electrodes (2534a, 2534b) are configured to provide bipolar recording of nerve activity at the treatment site, and a therapeutic assembly positioned between the first and second electrode assembly, wherein the therapeutic assembly is configured to deliver therapeutic neuromodulation to nerves in communication with the pulmonary system proximate the treatment site, a second balloon at the distal portion of the shaft; a third electrode positioned on the outer surface of the second balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the second balloon; and a fourth electrode positioned on the outer surface of the second balloon and extending about at least a portion of the circumference of the second balloon, wherein the third electrode is spaced apart from and out of contact with the fourth electrode along the second balloon; wherein the third and fourth electrodes (2534a, 2534b) are configured to provide bipolar recording of nerve activity at the treatment site, and a therapeutic assembly positioned between the first and second electrode assembly, wherein the therapeutic assembly is configured to deliver therapeutic neuromodulation to nerves in communication with the pulmonary system proximate the treatment site,