Method for measuring the geometric structure of an optical component delimited by a first face and a second face, characterized in that said method comprises the steps of: - Measurement of a first signal resulting from a first transformation of a first probe signal by said first face, a first simulation of said first transformation being used to obtain a first absolute estimation of the signal resulting from said first transformation of the first probe signal by a first virtual face of said component, said first virtual face being known and positioned in a first measurement reference frame in a manner identical to said first face during the measurement of the first signal; - Measurement of a second signal resulting from a second transformation of a second probe signal by at least said second face, a second simulation of said second transformation being used to obtain a second absolute estimation of the signal resulting from said second transformation of the second probe signal by at least one second virtual face of said component, said second virtual face being known and positioned in a second measurement reference frame in a manner identical to said second face during the measurement of the second signal; Where at least one of the measurements from among the measurement of the first signal and the measurement of the second signal is a zonal measurement, defined by a multipoint measurement of the first (respectively second) signal resulting from a first (respectively second) transformation of the first (respectively second) probe signal by simultaneously a plurality of points of the first (respectively second) face of the optical component; - Determination of a third transformation in order to pass from the first reference frame to the second reference frame, the knowledge of the third transformation involving an independent determination of the measurement of the first signal and of the second signal; - Estimation by numerical reconstruction of said first face carried out on the basis of the first signal, of said first simulation and of a first cost function quantifying a discrepancy between the first absolute estimation and the first signal; - Estimation by numerical reconstruction of said second face carried out on the basis of the second signal, of said second simulation, of said third transformation and of a second cost function quantifying a discrepancy between the second absolute estimation and the second signal. - Measurement of a first signal resulting from a first transformation of a first probe signal by said first face, a first simulation of said first transformation being used to obtain a first absolute estimation of the signal resulting from said first transformation of the first probe signal by a first virtual face of said component, said first virtual face being known and positioned in a first measurement reference frame in a manner identical to said first face during the measurement of the first signal; - Measurement of a second signal resulting from a second transformation of a second probe signal by at least said second face, a second simulation of said second transformation being used to obtain a second absolute estimation of the signal resulting from said second transformation of the second probe signal by at least one second virtual face of said component, said second virtual face being known and positioned in a second measurement reference frame in a manner identical to said second face during the measurement of the second signal; Where at least one of the measurements from among the measurement of the first signal and the measurement of the second signal is a zonal measurement, defined by a multipoint measurement of the first (respectively second) signal resulting from a first (respectively second) transformation of the first (respectively second) probe signal by simultaneously a plurality of points of the first (respectively second) face of the optical component; - Determination of a third transformation in order to pass from the first reference frame to the second reference frame, the knowledge of the third transformation involving an independent determination of the measurement of the first signal and of the second signal; - Estimation by numerical reconstruction of said first face carried out on the basis of the first signal, of said first simulation and of a first cost function quantifying a discrepancy between the first absolute estimation and the first signal; - Estimation by numerical reconstruction of said second face carried out on the basis of the second signal, of said second simulation, of said third transformation and of a second cost function quantifying a discrepancy between the second absolute estimation and the second signal.