A method of coding a current frame picture having a current macroblock which is a frame macroblock or a field macroblock, comprising: obtaining a reference frame picture list including multiple reference frame pictures; determining a reference frame picture index of the multiple reference frame pictures in the reference frame picture list based on display order information for the multiple reference frame pictures, reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a reverse order to reference frame pictures whose display order is lower than a display order of the current frame picture and remaining reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a display order to reference frame pictures whose display order is higher than the display order of the current frame picture; reordering the reference frame picture index allocated to each reference frame picture in the reference frame picture list; obtaining motion vector information for a current frame macroblock; obtaining motion vector information for a current field macroblock; characterized by determining reference frame picture index information that is same with the reordered reference frame picture index, when the current macroblock is a frame macroblock; determining reference field picture index information by alternately allocating reference field picture indexes that are increased by one to reference field pictures, when the current macroblock is a field macroblock, starting from a first reference field picture having a parity equal to a parity of the current field macroblock to a second reference field picture having a parity different from the parity of the current field macroblock, while starting from a reference field picture index value of "0" and sequentially visiting the multiple reference frame pictures according to the order of the reordered reference frame picture index, such that a reference field picture indicated by a reference field picture index has a parity equal to the parity of the current field macroblock when the reference field picture index is even, and the reference field picture indicated by the reference field picture index has a parity different from the parity of the current field macroblock when the reference field picture index is odd; performing motion compensation using a reference frame picture indicated by the reference frame picture index information and the motion vector information for the current frame macroblock, when the current macroblock is the frame macroblock; and performing motion compensation using a reference field picture indicated by the reference field picture index information and the motion vector information for the current field macroblock, when the current macroblock is the field macroblock. obtaining a reference frame picture list including multiple reference frame pictures; determining a reference frame picture index of the multiple reference frame pictures in the reference frame picture list based on display order information for the multiple reference frame pictures, reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a reverse order to reference frame pictures whose display order is lower than a display order of the current frame picture and remaining reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a display order to reference frame pictures whose display order is higher than the display order of the current frame picture; reordering the reference frame picture index allocated to each reference frame picture in the reference frame picture list; obtaining motion vector information for a current frame macroblock; obtaining motion vector information for a current field macroblock; determining reference frame picture index information that is same with the reordered reference frame picture index, when the current macroblock is a frame macroblock; determining reference field picture index information by alternately allocating reference field picture indexes that are increased by one to reference field pictures, when the current macroblock is a field macroblock, starting from a first reference field picture having a parity equal to a parity of the current field macroblock to a second reference field picture having a parity different from the parity of the current field macroblock, while starting from a reference field picture index value of "0" and sequentially visiting the multiple reference frame pictures according to the order of the reordered reference frame picture index, such that a reference field picture indicated by a reference field picture index has a parity equal to the parity of the current field macroblock when the reference field picture index is even, and the reference field picture indicated by the reference field picture index has a parity different from the parity of the current field macroblock when the reference field picture index is odd; performing motion compensation using a reference frame picture indicated by the reference frame picture index information and the motion vector information for the current frame macroblock, when the current macroblock is the frame macroblock; and performing motion compensation using a reference field picture indicated by the reference field picture index information and the motion vector information for the current field macroblock, when the current macroblock is the field macroblock.