A medical, in particular dental, hand instrument (1, 1'), comprising: a tool-holding device for fastening a treatment tool on the hand instrument (1, 1'), wherein the tool-holding device can be induced to a simultaneous stroke and rotational movement, a rotary gear which is designed to induce the tool-holding device to a rotational movement, and a stroke gear which is designed to induce the tool-holding device to a stroke movement, wherein the rotary gear has at least one drive-side element which comprises a gearwheel and one output-side element which is provided on the tool-holding device and wherein the stroke gear comprises at least one drive-side element and one output-side element, which is provided on the tool-holding device, wherein the drive-side element of the rotary gear and the drive-side element of the stroke gear are disposed on a single, joint driveshaft, wherein the driveshaft can be induced to a rotary movement about an axis of rotation and the rotary gear and the stroke gear can be driven jointly and exclusively by this single, joint driveshaft, wherein the drive-side gearwheel is arranged concentrically about the axis of rotation of the single, joint driveshaft, wherein the rotary gear and the stroke gear are configured according to at least one of the following characteristics (i) - (iii) which induce(s) the tool-holding device to a simultaneous stroke and rotational movement: (i) the output-side element of the rotary gear is coupled fixedly to the tool-holding device, so that the output-side element of the rotary gear rotates with the tool-holding device and is displaceable along the axis of rotation or the central axis of the tool-holding device; (ii) the drive-side element of the rotary gear and the drive-side element of the stroke gear each comprise a free end, wherein the free end of the drive-side element of the stroke gear protrudes at least slightly beyond the free end of the drive-side element of the rotary gear; (iii) the output-side element of the rotary gear and the output-side element of the stroke gear are spaced a distance apart from one another such, that only the drive-side element of the rotary gear enters into a motion-generating and/or -transmitting connection with the output-side element of the rotary gear, and the drive-side element of the stroke gear enters into a motion-generating and/or -transmitting connection with the output-side element of the stroke gear, and wherein the drive-side gearwheel comprises a sleeve which extends into a handle part of the hand instrument (1, 1') and in which at least a section of the single, joint driveshaft is accommodated. (i) the output-side element of the rotary gear is coupled fixedly to the tool-holding device, so that the output-side element of the rotary gear rotates with the tool-holding device and is displaceable along the axis of rotation or the central axis of the tool-holding device; (ii) the drive-side element of the rotary gear and the drive-side element of the stroke gear each comprise a free end, wherein the free end of the drive-side element of the stroke gear protrudes at least slightly beyond the free end of the drive-side element of the rotary gear; (iii) the output-side element of the rotary gear and the output-side element of the stroke gear are spaced a distance apart from one another such, that only the drive-side element of the rotary gear enters into a motion-generating and/or -transmitting connection with the output-side element of the rotary gear, and the drive-side element of the stroke gear enters into a motion-generating and/or -transmitting connection with the output-side element of the stroke gear, and wherein the drive-side gearwheel comprises a sleeve which extends into a handle part of the hand instrument (1, 1') and in which at least a section of the single, joint driveshaft is accommodated.