A method for compressing and transmitting data, the method comprising: grouping, by a transmitting terminal, data to be transmitted so that each group comprises at least one data sample; and determining, by the transmitting terminal, a shift factor for each group according to a most significant bit of a data sample, with a largest value excluding a sign bit in the group; left-shifting data bits of respective data samples in the group respectively by the shift factor; quantizing the respective left-shifted data samples respectively so that the number of bits of each quantized sample is equal to a target number of compressed bits; and transmitting the shift factor and the respective quantized data samples to a receiving terminal; wherein the determining the shift factor according to the most significant bit of the data sample, with the largest value excluding the sign bit comprises: determining a largest number of shift bits which can be represented by the shift factor; determining the data sample, with the largest value excluding the sign bit in the group and a bit index of the most significant bit of the data sample excluding the sign bit; and if A is no larger than the largest number of shift bits, then determining the shift factor to be equal to A; otherwise, determining the shift factor to be equal to the largest number of shift bits, wherein A=W-1-H, W represents the number of bits of the data sample, excluding the sign bit, in the group, and H represents the bit index of the most significant bit; and wherein the quantizing the respective left-shifted data samples respectively comprises: for each left-shifted data sample, maintaining the sign bit of the data sample, capturing (V-1) bits of data starting from the most significant bit to least significant bit among the data bits, and forming the quantized data sample from the sign bit and the captured bits of data, wherein V represents the target number of compressed bits. grouping, by a transmitting terminal, data to be transmitted so that each group comprises at least one data sample; and determining, by the transmitting terminal, a shift factor for each group according to a most significant bit of a data sample, with a largest value excluding a sign bit in the group; left-shifting data bits of respective data samples in the group respectively by the shift factor; quantizing the respective left-shifted data samples respectively so that the number of bits of each quantized sample is equal to a target number of compressed bits; and transmitting the shift factor and the respective quantized data samples to a receiving terminal; wherein the determining the shift factor according to the most significant bit of the data sample, with the largest value excluding the sign bit comprises: determining a largest number of shift bits which can be represented by the shift factor; determining the data sample, with the largest value excluding the sign bit in the group and a bit index of the most significant bit of the data sample excluding the sign bit; and if A is no larger than the largest number of shift bits, then determining the shift factor to be equal to A; otherwise, determining the shift factor to be equal to the largest number of shift bits, wherein A=W-1-H, W represents the number of bits of the data sample, excluding the sign bit, in the group, and H represents the bit index of the most significant bit; determining a largest number of shift bits which can be represented by the shift factor; determining the data sample, with the largest value excluding the sign bit in the group and a bit index of the most significant bit of the data sample excluding the sign bit; and if A is no larger than the largest number of shift bits, then determining the shift factor to be equal to A; otherwise, determining the shift factor to be equal to the largest number of shift bits, wherein A=W-1-H, W represents the number of bits of the data sample, excluding the sign bit, in the group, and H represents the bit index of the most significant bit; and wherein the quantizing the respective left-shifted data samples respectively comprises: for each left-shifted data sample, maintaining the sign bit of the data sample, capturing (V-1) bits of data starting from the most significant bit to least significant bit among the data bits, and forming the quantized data sample from the sign bit and the captured bits of data, wherein V represents the target number of compressed bits.