A recording medium transporting device comprising: a printing barrel (108, 52) that includes a first grasping unit (108A, 52A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the first grasping unit (108A, 52A), an end portion of a recording medium inwardly from an outer peripheral surface thereof, an inkjet head configured to eject and deposit ink onto the recording medium being arranged on the outer peripheral surface so as to face the printing barrel; and a first transporting barrel (106, 110, 46) that includes a second grasping unit (106A, 110A, 46A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the second grasping unit (106A, 110A, 46A), the end portion of the recording medium on an outer peripheral surface thereof for passing to the printing barrel and a second transporting barrel (104, 42) that includes a third grasping unit (104A, 42A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the third grasping unit (104A, 42A), the end portion of the recording medium on an outer peripheral surface thereof for passing to the first transporting barrel, or a first transporting barrel (106, 110, 46) that includes a second grasping unit (106A, 110a, 46A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the second grasping unit (106A, 110A, 46A), the end portion of the recording medium received from the printing barrel on an outer peripheral surface thereof and a second transporting barrel (104, 42) that includes a third grasping unit (104A, 42A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the third grasping unit (104A, 42A), the end portion of the recording medium received from the first transporting barrel on an outer peripheral surface thereof, wherein an inter-shaft distance between the first transporting barrel and the second transporting barrel is set to be a sum of the radius of the first transporting barrel and a radius of second transporting barrel, wherein the first grasping unit (108A, 52A) of the printing barrel grips the end portion of the recording medium inwardly by a distance d from the outer peripheral surface, and characterized in that each of the printing barrel, the first transporting barrel, and the second transporting barrel has a gear coupled to a rotation shaft thereof, and the gear of the printing barrel and the gear of the first transporting barrel directly engage with each other, and the gears of the first transporting barrel and the second transporting barrel directly engage with each other, and the inter-shaft distance is set by shifting the gear of the printing barrel. a printing barrel (108, 52) that includes a first grasping unit (108A, 52A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the first grasping unit (108A, 52A), an end portion of a recording medium inwardly from an outer peripheral surface thereof, an inkjet head configured to eject and deposit ink onto the recording medium being arranged on the outer peripheral surface so as to face the printing barrel; and a first transporting barrel (106, 110, 46) that includes a second grasping unit (106A, 110A, 46A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the second grasping unit (106A, 110A, 46A), the end portion of the recording medium on an outer peripheral surface thereof for passing to the printing barrel and a second transporting barrel (104, 42) that includes a third grasping unit (104A, 42A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the third grasping unit (104A, 42A), the end portion of the recording medium on an outer peripheral surface thereof for passing to the first transporting barrel, or a first transporting barrel (106, 110, 46) that includes a second grasping unit (106A, 110a, 46A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the second grasping unit (106A, 110A, 46A), the end portion of the recording medium received from the printing barrel on an outer peripheral surface thereof and a second transporting barrel (104, 42) that includes a third grasping unit (104A, 42A) and rotates and transports with gripping, by the third grasping unit (104A, 42A), the end portion of the recording medium received from the first transporting barrel on an outer peripheral surface thereof, wherein an inter-shaft distance between the first transporting barrel and the second transporting barrel is set to be a sum of the radius of the first transporting barrel and a radius of second transporting barrel, wherein the first grasping unit (108A, 52A) of the printing barrel grips the end portion of the recording medium inwardly by a distance d from the outer peripheral surface, and characterized in that each of the printing barrel, the first transporting barrel, and the second transporting barrel has a gear coupled to a rotation shaft thereof, and the gear of the printing barrel and the gear of the first transporting barrel directly engage with each other, and the gears of the first transporting barrel and the second transporting barrel directly engage with each other, and the inter-shaft distance is set by shifting the gear of the printing barrel.