A flexible surgical instrument system, comprising a flexible surgical instrument and a driving unit, wherein the flexible surgical instrument comprises a flexible continuous body structure composed of a distal structural body, a proximal structural body and a middle connecting body; the distal structural body comprises at least one distal structural segment (104,105) comprising distal spacing disks (106,109), a distal fixing disk (107,110) and structural backbones (108,111); the proximal structural body comprises a proximal structural segment (112,113) comprising proximal spacing disks (114,117), a proximal fixing disk (115,118) and structural backbones (116,119); the middle connecting body comprises two channel fixing plates and structural backbone guide channels provided between the two channel fixing plates; the structural backbones (108,111) of the distal structural segment (104,105) are securely connected, in one-to-one correspondence, to or are the same as the structural backbones (116,119) of the proximal structural segment (112,113), one end of each of the structural backbones (116,119) is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk (115,118), passing through the proximal spacing disks (114,117), the structural backbone guide channel, and the distal spacing disks (106,109) in sequence, the other end of the structural backbone (108,111) is securely connected to the distal fixing disk (107,110); and wherein the driving unit comprises a motor part, a motion conversion part and a plurality of linear motion mechanisms, wherein a sterile barrier is provided between the motion conversion part and the linear motion mechanisms; the motor part comprises a first fixing plate and a first motor securely connected to the first fixing plate; and the motion conversion part comprises a plurality of transmission chains, each of the transmission chains converts a rotational output of the first motor into a linear motion of two output rods (222,223), the linear motion of the output rods (222,223) is transferred to a push-pull rod at an input end of the linear motion mechanism through the sterile barrier, an output end of the linear motion mechanism is securely connected to one end of one driving backbone passing through the proximal spacing disks (114,117), and the other end of the driving backbone is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk (115,118); the sterile barrier comprises a guide rod base (226,251), a guide rod (227,252) slidably passing through the guide rod base (226,251), a first quick-locking head (228,253) arranged at the rear end of the guide rod (227,252) for connection with the output rod (222,223) of the transmission chains, a second quick-locking head (229,254) arranged at the front end of the guide rod (227,252) for connection with the push-pull rod. wherein the driving unit comprises a motor part, a motion conversion part and a plurality of linear motion mechanisms, wherein a sterile barrier is provided between the motion conversion part and the linear motion mechanisms; the motor part comprises a first fixing plate and a first motor securely connected to the first fixing plate; and the motion conversion part comprises a plurality of transmission chains, each of the transmission chains converts a rotational output of the first motor into a linear motion of two output rods (222,223), the linear motion of the output rods (222,223) is transferred to a push-pull rod at an input end of the linear motion mechanism through the sterile barrier, an output end of the linear motion mechanism is securely connected to one end of one driving backbone passing through the proximal spacing disks (114,117), and the other end of the driving backbone is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk (115,118); the sterile barrier comprises a guide rod base (226,251), a guide rod (227,252) slidably passing through the guide rod base (226,251), a first quick-locking head (228,253) arranged at the rear end of the guide rod (227,252) for connection with the output rod (222,223) of the transmission chains, a second quick-locking head (229,254) arranged at the front end of the guide rod (227,252) for connection with the push-pull rod.