A system to measure properties in a geophysical formation, the system including a wellbore lining positioned in a wellbore extending into a geophysical formation and a plurality of independent and untethered robots positioned within the geophysical formation, the system being characterized by having: a plurality of fixed radio frequency transmitters spaced apart along the longitudinal extent of and associated with the wellbore lining to transmit radio frequency signals at one or more preselected radio frequencies; a plurality of fixed radio frequency receivers positioned spaced apart along the longitudinal extent of and associated with the wellbore lining to receive radio frequency signals at one or more preselected radio frequencies; each of the plurality of independent and untethered robots including: a robot body having a diameter no greater than 1000 nanometers, formed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes adapted to withstand temperatures exceeding 149°C 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and a nanorobot radio frequency transmitter (128, 133) positioned to transmit radio frequency signals at one or more preselected radio frequencies to one or more of the plurality of fixed radio frequency receivers; so that the plurality of independent and untethered robots collectively define a plurality of geophysical nanorobots; a machine in communication with each of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots, the machine including a processor, a display in communication with the processor, and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium with an executable program stored therein, the program instructing the processor to perform the following steps: receiving positional data from one or more of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots, the positional data indicating the location of the geophysical nanorobots at a point in time; plotting, responsive to receipt of the positional data, at least one positional data point for a portion of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots to indicate a location of a cavity accessible by one of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots; and combining the positional data points of a portion of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots to create a representation of a physical map of at least a portion of the geophysical formation, the physical map indicating the three-dimensional location of each cavity of the geophysical formation accessible by one of the plurality of nanorobots. a plurality of fixed radio frequency transmitters spaced apart along the longitudinal extent of and associated with the wellbore lining to transmit radio frequency signals at one or more preselected radio frequencies; a plurality of fixed radio frequency receivers positioned spaced apart along the longitudinal extent of and associated with the wellbore lining to receive radio frequency signals at one or more preselected radio frequencies; each of the plurality of independent and untethered robots including: a robot body having a diameter no greater than 1000 nanometers, formed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes adapted to withstand temperatures exceeding 149°C 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and a robot body having a diameter no greater than 1000 nanometers, formed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes adapted to withstand temperatures exceeding 149°C 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and a nanorobot radio frequency transmitter (128, 133) positioned to transmit radio frequency signals at one or more preselected radio frequencies to one or more of the plurality of fixed radio frequency receivers; so that the plurality of independent and untethered robots collectively define a plurality of geophysical nanorobots; a machine in communication with each of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots, the machine including a processor, a display in communication with the processor, and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium with an executable program stored therein, the program instructing the processor to perform the following steps: receiving positional data from one or more of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots, the positional data indicating the location of the geophysical nanorobots at a point in time; plotting, responsive to receipt of the positional data, at least one positional data point for a portion of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots to indicate a location of a cavity accessible by one of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots; and combining the positional data points of a portion of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots to create a representation of a physical map of at least a portion of the geophysical formation, the physical map indicating the three-dimensional location of each cavity of the geophysical formation accessible by one of the plurality of nanorobots. receiving positional data from one or more of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots, the positional data indicating the location of the geophysical nanorobots at a point in time; plotting, responsive to receipt of the positional data, at least one positional data point for a portion of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots to indicate a location of a cavity accessible by one of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots; and combining the positional data points of a portion of the plurality of geophysical nanorobots to create a representation of a physical map of at least a portion of the geophysical formation, the physical map indicating the three-dimensional location of each cavity of the geophysical formation accessible by one of the plurality of nanorobots.